annotate etc/tutorials/TUTORIAL.sl @ 110981:dbe481657418

* README: Updates.
author Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
date Mon, 11 Oct 2010 20:47:36 -0700
parents 1d1d5d9bd884
children 376148b31b5e
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1 Prvo berilo za Emacs. Pogoji uporabe in razširjanja so navedeni na koncu.
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2
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3 Ukazi v Emacsu v splošnem vključujejo tipki CONTROL (včasih označeni
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4 CTRL ali CTL) in META (včasih označena EDIT ali ALT). Namesto, da bi ju
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5 vedno izpisali s celim imenom, bomo uporabili naslednji okrajšavi:
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6
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7 C-<znak> pomeni, da moramo držati pritisnjeno tipko CONTROL, ko
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8 vtipkamo <znak>. Oznaka C-f tako pomeni: držimo pritisnjeno
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9 tipko CONTROL in pritisnemo tipko f.
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10 M-<znak> pomeni, da moramo držati pritisnjeno tipko META, EDIT ali
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11 ALT, ko vtipkamo <znak>. Če na tipkovnici ni tipk META, EDIT
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12 ali ALT, pritisnemo tipko ESC, jo spustimo in zatem
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13 pritisnemo tipko <chr>. Tipko ESC bomo označevali z <ESC>.
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14
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15 Pomembno: Emacs zapustimo z ukazom C-x C-c (dva znaka).
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16 V učbeniku so vaje, s katerimi preskusite nove ukaze. Označujeta jih
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17 znaka ,>>` ob levem robu. Zgled:
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18 <<Blank lines inserted here by startup of help-with-tutorial>>
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19 [Sredina strani je iz didaktičnih razlogov prazna. Besedilo se nadaljuje spodaj]
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20 >> Vtipkajte zdaj ukaz C-v (View next screen, Prikaži naslednji zaslon),
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21 da se premaknete na naslednji zaslon (kar poskusite, pritisnite
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22 hkrati tipko CONTROL in V). Od zdaj naprej boste morali to
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23 napraviti sami vsakič, ko pridete do konca zaslona.
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24
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25 Ste opazili, da sta se dve vrstici s prejšnjega zaslona ponovili? Ta
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26 kontinuiteta olajša branje pri skakanju s strani na stran.
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27
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28 Prva stvar, ki si jo morate zapomniti, je, kako se premikate po
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29 datoteki. Zdaj že veste, da se premaknete za cel zaslon naprej z
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30 ukazom C-v. Za cel zaslon nazaj pa se premaknete z ukazom M-v
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31 (pritisnite tipko META in jo držite ter pritisnite tipko v, ali pa
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32 pritisnite in spustite <ESC> ter zatem pritisnite tipko v, če tipke
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33 META, EDIT ali ALT na vaši tipkovnici ni).
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34
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35 >> Nekajkrat pritisnite M-v in C-v, da vidite, kako ukaza delujeta.
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36
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37
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38 * POVZETEK
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39 ----------
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40
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41 Za pregled celega zaslona besedila so uporabni naslednji ukazi:
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42
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43 C-v Premik se za cel zaslon naprej
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44 M-v Premik se za cel zaslon nazaj
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45 C-l Cel zaslon premaknemo tako, da je zdaj po vertikali
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46 osredninjen okoli besedila, kjer se nahaja kazalček
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47 (znak v C-l je črka L, ne števka 1)
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48
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49 >> Poiščite kazalček na zaslonu in si zapomnite besedilo okoli njega.
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50 Vtipkajte C-l.
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51 Ponovno poiščite kazalček. Besedilo okoli njega je ostalo isto.
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52
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53 Za premikanje za cel zaslon naprej ali nazaj lahko tipkovnicah, ki
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54 imajo ti tipki, uporabljate tudi PageUp in PageDown. Opisan postopek s
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55 C-v in M-v pa deluje povsod.
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56
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57
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58 * PREMIKANJE KAZALČKA
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59 ---------------------
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60
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61 Premiki za celo stran naprej in nazaj so sicer uporabni, ampak kako pa
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62 pridemo do izbranega mesta na zaslonu?
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63
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64 Načinov je več. Najosnovnejši je uporaba ukazov C-p, C-b, C-f in
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65 C-n. Ti po vrsti premaknejo kazalček v prejšnjo vrstico, znak nazaj,
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66 znak naprej, in v naslednjo vrstico. Ti štirje ukazi so enakovredni
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67 kurzorskim tipkam:
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68
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69 prejšnja vrstica, C-p
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70 :
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71 :
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72 nazaj, C-b .... trenutni položaj kazalčka .... naprej, C-f
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73 :
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74 :
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75 naslednja vrstica, C-n
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76
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77 >> S pritiski na C-n ali C-p premaknite kazalček v sredinsko vrstico
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78 na diagramu zgoraj. Zatem pritisnite C-l. S tem diagram postavite na
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79 sredino zaslona.
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80
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81 V angleščini ima izbor tipk nazoren pomen. P kot ,previous`
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82 (prejšnji), N kot ,next` (naslednji), B kot ,backward` (nazaj) in F
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83 kot ,forward` (naprej). Te osnovne ukaze za premikanje kazalčka boste
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84 uporabljali ves čas.
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85
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86 >> Nekajkrat pritisnite C-n, da pride kazalček do te vrstice.
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87
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88 >> Z nekaj C-f se pomaknite na desno na sredo vrstice, nato pa nekajkrat
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89 pritisnite C-p. Opazujte, kaj se dogaja s kazalčkom na sredini
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90 vrstice.
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91
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92 Vsaka vrstice v besedilu je zaključena z znakom za novo vrstico
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93 (angl. Newline). Ta ločuje vrstico v besedilu od naslednje. Tudi
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94 zadnja vrstica v datoteki mora biti zaljučena z znakom za novo vrstico
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95 (čeprav tega Emacs ne zahteva).
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96
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97 >> Poskusite ukaz C-b, ko je kazalček na začetku vrstice. Kazalček se
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98 mora premakniti na konec prejšnje vrstice. To je zato, ker se je
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99 ravnokar premaknil prek znaka za konec vrstice.
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100
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101 Ukaz C-f premika kazalček prek znaka za novo vrstico enako kot C-b.
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102
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103 >> Poskusite še nekajkrat pritisniti C-b, da dobite občutek za
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104 premikanje kazalčka. Potem nekajkrat poskusite C-f, da pridete do konca
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105 vrstice. Še enkrat pritisnite C-f, da skočite v naslednjo vrstico.
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106
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107 Ko s kazalčkom dosežete zgornji ali spodnji rob zaslona, se besedilo
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108 toliko premakne, da kazalček ostane na zaslonu. V angleščini se temu
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109 pravi ,,scrolling``. To omogoča, da lahko premaknemo kazalček na
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110 katerokoli mesto v besedilu, a vseeno ostanemo na zaslonu.
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111
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112 >> Poskusite kazalček pripeljati s C-n čisto do dna zaslona in si oglejte,
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113 kaj se zgodi.
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114
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115 Če se vam zdi premikanje po en znak prepočasno, se lahko premikate za
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116 celo besedo. M-f (META-f) premakne kazalček za eno besedo naprej, M-b
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117 pa za besedo nazaj.
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118
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119 >> Poskusite nekajkrat M-f in M-b.
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120
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121 Če je kazalček sredi besede, ga M-f prestavi na konec besede. Če je v
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122 belini med besedami, ga M-f premakne na konec naslednje besede. M-b
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123 deluje podobno, a v nasprotni smeri.
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124
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125 >> Nekajkrat poskusite M-f in M-b, vmes pa še nekaj C-f in
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126 C-b. Opazujte učinke M-f in M-b, ko je kazalček sredi besede ali
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127 med besedami.
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128
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129 Ste opazili paralelo med C-f in C-b na eni strani ter M-f in M-b na
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130 drugi? V Emacsu se dostikrat ukazi Meta nanašajo na operacije nad
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131 enotami jezika (besede, stavki, odstavki), medtem ko se ukazi Control
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132 nanašajo na operacije, neodvisne od zvrsti besedila (znaki, vrstice
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133 ipd.).
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134
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135 Podobna zveza je tudi med vrsticami in stavki: ukaza C-a in C-e
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136 premakneta kazalček na začetek oz. konec vrstice, M-a in M-e pa na
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137 začetek oz. konec stavka.
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138
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139 >> Poskusite nekaj ukazov C-a, potem pa nekaj ukazov C-e.
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140 Poskusite nekaj ukazov M-a, potem pa nekaj ukazov M-e.
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141
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142 Ste opazili, da ponovljeni C-a ne napravijo nič, ponovljeni M-a pa se
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143 premikajo naprej? Čeprav se ne obnašata enako, pa je vendar obnašanje
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144 enega in drugega po svoje naravno.
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145
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146 Položaju kazalčka na zaslonu pravimo tudi ,,point``, točka.
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147 Parafrazirano: kazalček kaže na zaslonu, kje je točka v besedilu.
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148
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149 Povzetek preprostih ukazov za premikanje kazalčka, vključno s premiki
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150 po besedo in stavek:
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151
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152 C-f Premik za znak naprej
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153 C-b Premik za znak nazaj
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154
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155 M-f Premik za besedo naprej
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156 M-b Premik za besedo nazaj
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157
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158 C-n Premik v naslednjo vrstico
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159 C-p Premik v prejšnjo vrstico
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160
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161 C-a Premik na začetek vrstice
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162 C-e Premik na konec vrstice
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163
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164 M-a Premik na začetek stavka
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165 M-e Premik na konec stavka
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166
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167 >> Za vajo nekajkrat poskusite vsakega od teh ukazov.
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168 To so najpogosteje uporabljani ukazi.
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169
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170 Še dva pomembna ukaza za premikanje kazalčka sta M-< (META-manjši od),
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171 ki ga premakne na začetek datoteke, in M-> (META-večji od), ki ga
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172 premakne na konec datoteke.
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173
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174 Na ameriških tipkovnicah najdete znak < nad vejico in morate
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175 pritisniti tipko Shift, da pridete do njega. Z ukazom M-< je enako -
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176 prav tako morate pritisniti tipko Shift, sicer moste izvedli drug
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177 ukaz, Meta-vejica. Na naših tipkovnicah sta oba znaka na isti tipko,
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178 in za ukaz M-> morate pritisniti še tipko Shift.
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179
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180 >> Poskusite zdaj M-<, skok na začetek tega učbenika.
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181 Potem se vrnite nazaj z zaporednimi C-v.
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182
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183 >> Poskusite zdaj M->, skok na konec tega učbenika.
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184 Potem se vrnite nazaj z zaporednimi M-v.
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185
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186 Če ima vaša tipkovnica kurzorske tipke, lahko premikate kazalček po
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187 zaslonu tudi z njimi. Vseeno priporočamo, da se privadite ukazov C-b,
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188 C-f, C-n in C-p, in to iz treh razlogov. Prvič, delujejo na čisto vseh
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189 terminalih. Drugič, z nekaj prakse v Emacsu boste opazili, da je
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190 tipkanje ukazov s CONTROL hitrejše od tipkanja s kurzorskimi tipkami, ker
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191 ni treba ves čas premikati desnice s tipkovnice na kurzorske tipke in
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192 nazaj. In tretjič, ko se enkrat navadite teh ukazov s CONTROL, se boste
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193 enostavneje naučili tudi bolj zapletenih ukazov za premikanje kazalčka.
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194
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195 Večini ukazov v Emacsu lahko podamo številčni argument; največkrat ta
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196 pove, kolikokrat zapovrstjo naj se ukaz izvede. Večkratno ponovitev
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197 ukaza izvedemo tako, da najprej vtipkamo C-u, zatem število,
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198 kolikokrat naj se ukaz ponovi, in nazadnje željeni ukaz. Če ima vaša
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199 tipkovnica tipko META (ali EDIT ali ALT), lahko izpustite ukaz C-u in
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200 namesto tega vtipkate število ponovitev, medtem ko držite pritisnjeno
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201 tipko META. Druga metoda je sicer krajša, priporočamo pa prvo, ker
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202 deluje na vseh terminalih. Takšen številčni argument je ,,prefiksni``
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203 argument, ker vnesemo argument pred ukazom, na katerega se nanaša.
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204
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205 Zgled: C-u 8 C-f premakne kazalček za osem znakov naprej.
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206
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207 >> Poskusite s primernim argumentom za število ponovitev ukaza
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208 C-n ali C-p priti čim bliže tej vrstici v enem samem skoku.
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209
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210 Večina ukazov, ne pa vsi, uporablja številčni argument kot število
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211 ponovitev ukaza. Nekateri ukazi - nobeden od tistih, ki smo si jih
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212 ogledali do zdaj - ga uporabljajo kot stikalo: s podanim prefiksnim
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213 argumentom napravi ukaz nekaj drugega kot običajno.
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214
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215 Ukaza C-v in M-v sta tudi izjemi, a drugačni. Če jima podamo argument,
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216 premakneta zaslon za navedeno število vrstic, ne pa zaslonov. Ukaz C-u
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217 8 C-v, na primer, premakne zaslon navzgor za 8 vrstic.
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218
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219 >> Poskusite zdaj C-u 8 C-v
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220
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221 To bi moralo zaslon premakniti navzgor za osem vrstic. Če bi ga radi
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222 premaknili nazaj, poskusite M-v z istim argumentom.
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223
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224 Če uporabljate grafični vmesnik, denimo X11 ali MS Windows, imate
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225 verjetno ob robu Emacsovega okna navpično pravokotno ploskev,
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226 imenovano drsnik. Pogled na besedilo lahko premikate tudi tako, da z
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227 miško kliknete na drsnik.
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228
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229 >> Postavite kazalec na vrh označenega območja na drsniku in pritisnite
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230 srednji gumb na miški. To bi moralo premakniti besedilo na mesto,
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231 določeno s tem, kako visoko ali nizko na drsnik ste kliknili.
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232
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233 >> Medtem ko držite srednji gumb pritisnjen, premikajte miško gor in
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234 dol. Vidite, kako se premika besedilo v Emacsovem oknu, ko
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235 premikate miško?
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236
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237
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238 * ČE SE EMACS OBESI
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239 -------------------
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240
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241 Če se Emacs preneha odzivati na vaše ukaze, ga lahko varno prekinete z
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242 ukazom C-g. Z njim lahko prekinete ukaze, za katere bi trajalo
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243 predolgo, da bi se izvedli.
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244
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245 Isti ukaz, C-g, lahko uporabite tudi, da prekličete številčni
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246 argument, ali pa začetek ukaza, ki ga ne želite izvesti.
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247
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248 >> Vtipkajte C-u 100, s čimer ste izbrali številčni argument 100,
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249 zatem pa vtipkajte C-g. Vtipkajte zdaj C-f. Kazalček se je
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250 premaknil le za en znak, ker ste številčni argument vmes preklicali
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251 s C-g.
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252
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253 Tudi če ste po nesreči vtipkali <ESC>, se ga lahko znebite s C-g.
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254
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255
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256 * ONEMOGOČENI UKAZI
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257 -------------------
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258
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259 Nekaj ukazov v Emacsu je namenoma ,,onemogočenih``, da bi jih
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260 začetniki ne izvedli po nesreči.
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261
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262 Če vtipkate tak onemogočen ukaz, se bo na zaslonu pojavilo novo okno z
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263 obvestilom, kateri ukaz ste skušali izvesti, in vas vprašalo, če ga
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264 res želite izvesti.
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265
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266 Če v resnici želite poskusiti ukaz, pritisnite preslednico kot odgovor
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267 na vprašanje. Normalno verjetno ukaza ne želite izvesti, zato na
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268 vprašanje odgovorite z ,n`.
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269
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270 >> Vtipkajte C-x C-l (ki je onemogočen ukaz),
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271 zatem na vprašanje odgovorite n.
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272
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273
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274 * OKNA
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275 ------
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276
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277 Emacs lahko prikaže več oken in v vsakem svoje besedilo. Kasneje bomo
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278 razložili, kako uporabljamo več oken hkrati. Zaenkrat bomo povedali
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279 le, kako se znebite dodatnih oken, ki jih lahko odpre vgrajena pomoč ali
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280 pa izpis kakšnega drugega programa. Preprosto je:
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281
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282 C-x 1 Eno okno (torej, zaprimo vsa ostala).
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283
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284 To je CONTROL-x, ki mu sledi števka 1. Ukaz C-x 1 raztegne čez cel
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285 zaslon okno, v katerem se nahaja kazalček, ostala pa zapre.
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286
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287 >> Premaknite kazalček do te vrstice in vtipkajte C-u 0 C-l
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288 >> Vtipkajte CONTROL-h k CONTROL-f.
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289 Vidite, kako se je to okno skrčilo in odstopilo prostor oknu,
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290 ki pojasnjuje ukaz CONTROL-f?
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291
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292 >> Vtipkajte C-x 1 in spodnje okno se bo zaprlo.
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293
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294 Za razliko od ukazov, ki smo se jih naučili do zdaj, je ta ukaz
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295 sestavljen iz dveh znakov. Začne se z znakom CONTROL-x. Cela vrsta
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296 ukazov se začne enako, in mnogi od njih zadevajo delo z datotekami,
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297 delovnimi področji in podobnim. Vsem tem ukazom je skupno, da se
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298 začnejo s CONTROL-x, ki mu sledi še en, dva ali trije znaki.
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299
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300
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301 * VRIVANJE IN BRISANJE
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302 ----------------------
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303
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304 Če želite v obstoječe besedilo vriniti novo, preprosto premaknite
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305 kazalček na željeno mesto in začnite tipkati. Znake, ki jih lahko
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306 vidite, na primer A, 7, * in podobno, razume Emacs kot del besedila in
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307 jih takoj vrine. S pritiskom na Return (ali Enter) vrinete znak za
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308 skok v novo vrstico.
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309
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310 Zadnji vtipkani znak lahko izbrišete s pritiskom na tipko
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311 <Delback>. To je tista tipka na tipkovnici, ki jo navadno uporabljate
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312 za brisanje nazadnje natipkanega znaka. Navadno je to velika tipka
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313 vrstico ali dve nad tipko <Return>, ki je označena z "Backspace",
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314 "Delete" ali "Del".
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315
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316 Če imate na tipkovnici tipko "Backspace", je to tipka <Delback>. Naj
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317 vas ne zmede, če imate poleg tega še tipko "Delete" - <Delback> je
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318 "Backspace".
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319
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320 Splošno <Delback> pobriše znak neposredno pred trenutnim položajem
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321 kazalčka.
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322
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323 >> Vtipkajte zdaj nekaj znakov in jih zatem s tipko <Delback> pobrišite.
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324 Nič naj vas ne skrbi, če se je ta vrstica spremenila. Izvirnika
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325 tega učbenika ne boste pokvarili -- tole je samo vaša osebna kopija.
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326
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327 Ko vrstica postane predolga za zaslon, se ,,nadaljuje`` v naslednji
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328 vrstici na zaslonu. Obrnjena poševnica (znak ,\`) ali v grafičnih
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329 okoljih zavita puščica ob desnem robu označuje vrstico, ki se
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330 nadaljuje v naslednji zaslonski vrstici.
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331
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332 >> Zdaj začnite tipkati besedilo, dokler ne dosežete desnega roba, in
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333 še naprej. Opazili boste, da se pojavi znak za nadaljevanje.
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334
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335 >> S tipko <Delback> pobrišite toliko znakov, da vrstica ne sega
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336 več čez širino zaslona. Znak za nadaljevanje v naslednji
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337 vrstici je izginil.
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338
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339 Znak za novo vrstico lahko pobrišemo enako kot vsak drug znak. S tem,
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340 ko pobrišemo znak za novo vrstico, združimo vrstici v eno samo. Če bo
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341 nova vrstica predolga, da bi cela prišla na zaslon, bo razdeljena v
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342 več zaslonskih vrstic.
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343
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344 >> Premaknite kazalček na začetek vrstice in pritisnite <Delback>. To
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345 združi vrstico s prejšnjo.
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346
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347 >> Pritisnite <Return>. S tem ste ponovno vrinili znak za skok v novo
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348 vrstico, ki ste ga malo prej zbrisali.
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349
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350 Spomnimo se, da lahko za večino ukazov v Emacsu določimo, naj se
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351 izvedejo večkrat zaporedoma; to vključuje tudi vnos teksta. Ponovitev
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352 običajnega znaka ga večkrat vrine v besedilo.
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353
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354 >> Poskusite zdaj tole: da vnesete osem zvezdic, vtipkajte C-u 8 *
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355
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356 Zdaj ste se naučili najpreprostejši način, da v Emacsu nekaj natipkate
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357 in popravite. Brišete lahko tudi besede ali vrstice. Tu je povzetek
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358 ukazov za brisanje:
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359
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360 <Delback> pobriše znak tik pred kazalčkom (levo od
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361 oznake za kazalček)
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362 C-d pobriše znak tik za kazalčkom (,pod` oznako
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363 za kazalček)
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364
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365 M-<Delback> pobriše besedo tik pred kazalčkom
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366 M-d pobriše besedo tik za kazalčkom
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367
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368 C-k zavrže besedilo desno od kazalčka do konca vrstice
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369 M-k zavrže besedilo od položaja kazalčka do konca stavka
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370
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371 Črka ,d` je iz angleške besede ,delete` (pobrisati), črka ,k` pa iz
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372 besede ,kill` (pobiti). Ste opazili, da <Delback> in C-d na eni, ter
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373 M-<Delback> in M-d na drugi strani nadaljujeta paralelo, ki sta jo začela
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374 C-f in M-f (<Delback> pravzaprav ni kontrolni znak, kar pa naj nas ne
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375 moti). C-k in M-k sta v enakem sorodu s C-e in M-e: prvi deluje na
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376 vrstice, drugi na stavke.
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377
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378 Obstaja tudi splošen postopek za brisanje kateregakoli dela delovnega
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379 področja. Kazalček postavimo na en konec področja, ki ga želimo
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380 izbrisati, in pritisnemo C-@ ali C-SPC (SPC je
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381 preslednica). Katerikoli od obeh ukazov deluje. Premaknite kazalček na
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parents:
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382 drug konec področja, ki ga želite izbrisati, in pritisnite C-w. S tem
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parents:
diff changeset
383 ste zavrgli vse besedilo med obema mejama.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
384
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
385 >> Premaknite kazalček na črko O, s katero se začenja prejšnji
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
386 odstavek.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
387 >> Vtipkajte C-SPC. Emacs prikaže sporočilo "Mark set" (slov. Oznaka
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
388 postavljena) na dnu ekrana.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
389 >> Premaknite kazalček na črko V v "postavimo" v drugi vrstici istega
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
390 odstavka.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
391 >> Vtipkajte C-w. S tem zavržemo vse besedilo začenši z O in vse do
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
392 črke V.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
393
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
394 Razlika med tem, če zavržete cel odstavek besedila (angl. ,,kill``,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
395 pobiti) ali pa če pobrišete znak (angl. ,,delete``), je ta, da lahko
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
396 prvega vrnete nazaj z ukazom C-y, drugega pa ne. Na splošno ukazi, ki
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
397 lahko povzročijo veliko škode (pobrišejo veliko besedila), shranijo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
398 pobrisano besedilo; tisti, ki pobrišejo samo posamezni znak, ali samo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
399 prazne vrstice in presledke, pa ne.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
400
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
401 >> Postavite kazalček na začetek neprazne vrstice. Pritisnite C-k, da
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
402 pobrišete vsebino vrstice.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
403 >> Še enkrat pritisnite C-k. To pobriše še znak za novo vrstico.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
404
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
405 Ste opazili, da prvi C-k pobriše vsebino vrstice, naslednji C-k pa še
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
406 vrstici samo, s čimer se vse besedilo pod bivšo vrstico premakne za
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
407 eno vrstico navzgor? Ukaz C-k obravnava številčni argument malo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
408 drugače: pobriše toliko in toliko vrstic z vsebinami vred. To ni zgolj
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
409 ponovitev. C-u 2 C-k pobriše dve polni vrstici besedila, kar je nekaj
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
410 drugega, kot če dvakrat vtipkate C-k.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
411
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
412 Besedilo, ki ste ga prej pobili, lahko povrnete (angl. ,,yank`` --
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
413 potegniti). Predstavljajte si, kot da potegnete nazaj nekaj, kar vam
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
414 je nekdo odnesel. Pobito besedilo lahko potegnete nazaj na isti ali pa
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
415 na kakšen drug kraj v besedilu, ali pa celo v kaki drugi
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
416 datoteki. Isto besedilo lahko večkrat potegnete nazaj, tako da je v
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
417 delovnem področju povečterjeno.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
418
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
419 Ukaz za vračanje pobitega besedila je C-y.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
420
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
421 >> Poskusite z ukazom C-y povrniti pobrisano besedilo.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
422
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
423 Če ste uporabili več zaporednih ukazov C-k, je vse pobrisano besedilo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
424 shranjeno skupaj, in en sam C-y bo vrnil vse tako pobrisane vrstice.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
425
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
426 >> Poskusite, nekajkrat vtipkajte C-k.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
427
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
428 Zdaj pa vrnimo pobrisano besedilo:
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
429
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
430 >> Vtipkajte C-y. Zdaj pa premaknite kazalček za nekaj vrstic navzdol
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
431 in še enkrat vtipkajte C-y. Vidite zdaj, kako se kopira dele
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
432 besedila?
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
433
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
434 Kaj pa, če ste pobrisali nekaj besedila, ki bi ga radi vrnili, vendar
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
435 ste za iskanim odlomkom pobrisali še nekaj? C-y vrne samo nazadnje
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
436 pobrisan odlomek. Vendar tudi prejšnje besedilo ni izgubljeno. Do
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
437 njega lahko pridete z ukazom M-y. Ko ste vrnili nazadnje zbrisano
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
438 besedilo s C-y, pritisnite M-y, ki ga zamenja s predzanje pobrisanim
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
439 besedilom. Vsak naslednji M-y prikaže še eno prej. Ko ste končno
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
440 prišli do iskanega besedila, ni treba napraviti nič posebnega, da bi
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
441 ga obdržali. Preprosto nadaljujte z urejanjem, in vrnjeno besedilo bo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
442 ostalo, kamor ste ga odložili.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
443
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
444 Če pritisnete M-y dovolj velikokrat, se boste vrnili na začete, torej
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
445 spet na zadnje pobrisano besedilo.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
446
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
447 >> Pobrišite vrstico, premaknite se nekam drugam, in pobrišite še
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
448 eno vrstico.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
449 Z ukazom C-y dobite nazaj to drugo vrstico.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
450 Z ukazom M-y pa jo zamenjate s prvo vrstico.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
451 Ponovite ukaz M-y še nekajkrat in si oglejte, kaj dobite na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
452 zaslon. Ponavljajte ga, dokler se ne prikaže ponovno nazadnje
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
453 pobrisana vrstica, in še naprej. Če želite, lahko tudi ukazu
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
454 M-y podate pozitivno ali negativno število ponovitev.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
455
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
456
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
457 * PREKLIC UKAZA (UNDO)
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
458 ----------------------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
459
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
460 Če ste besedilo spremenili, a ste se kasneje premislili, lahko
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
461 besedilo vrnete v prvotno stanje z ukazom Undo, C-x u. Normalno vrne
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
462 C-x u zadnjo spremembo besedila; če ukaz ponovimo, prekličemo še
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
463 predzadnjo spremembo, in vsaka nadaljnja ponovitev seže še eno
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
464 spremembo globlje v zgodovino.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
465
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
466 Emacs hrani bolj ali manj celotno zgodovino naših ukazov, z dvema
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
467 izjemama: ukazov, ki niso napravili nobene spremembe v besedilu
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
468 (npr. premik kazalčka), ne shranjuje, in zaporedje do 20 vrinjenih
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
469 znakov shrani kot en sam ukaz. Slednje prihrani nekaj ukazov C-x u, ki
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
470 bi jih morali vtipkati.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
471
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
472 >> Pobrišite to vrstico z ukazom C-k, potem jo prikličite nazaj s C-x u.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
473
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
474 C-_ je alternativni ukaz za preklic zadnjega ukaza. Deluje enako kot
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
475 s C-x u, ga je pa lažje odtipkati, če morate ukaz ponoviti večkrat
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
476 zaporedoma. Težava z ukazom C-_ je, da na nekaterih tipkovnicah ni
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
477 povsem očitno, kako ga vtipkati, zato je podvojen še kot C-x u. Na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
478 nekaterih terminalih moramo na primer vtipkati /, medtem ko držimo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
479 pritisnjeno tipko CONTROL.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
480
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
481 Če podamo ukazu C-_ ali C-x u numerični argument, je to enako, kot če
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
482 bi ukaz ročno ponovili tolikokrat, kot pravi argument.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
483
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
484 Ukaz za brisanje besedila lahko prekličete in besedilo povrnete,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
485 enako, kot če bi besedilo pobili. Razlika med brisanjem in pobijanjem
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
486 besedila je le ta, da le slednje lahko potegnete nazaj z ukazom
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
487 C-y. Preklic ukaza pa velja za eno in drugo.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
488
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
489
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
490 * DATOTEKE
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
491 ----------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
492
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
493 Da bi bile spremembe v besedilu trajne, morate besedilo shraniti v
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
494 datoteko. V nasprotnem primeru jih boste za vedno izgubili tisti hip,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
495 ko boste zapustili Emacs. Besedilo postavimo v datoteko tako, da
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
496 na disku ,,poiščemo`` (angl. find) datoteko, preden začnemo tipkati
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
497 (pravimo tudi, da ,,obiščemo`` datoteko).
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
498
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
499 Poiskati datoteko pomeni, da v Emacsu vidimo vsebino datoteke. To je
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
500 bolj ali manj tako, kot da z Emacsom urejamo datoteko samo. Vendar pa
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
501 spremembe ne postanejo trajne, dokler datoteke ne shranimo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
502 (angl. save) na disk. Tako imamo možnost, da se izognemo temu, da bi
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
503 nam na pol spremenjene datoteke ležale po disku, kadar tega ne
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
504 želimo. Ker pa Emacs ohrani izvorno datoteko pod spremenjenim imenom,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
505 lahko prvotno datoteko prikličemo nazaj celo še potem, ko smo datoteko
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506 že shranili na disk.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
507
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
508 V predzadnji vrstici na dnu zaslona vidite vrstico, ki se začne in
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
509 konča z vezaji, in vsebuje niz znakov ,,--:-- TUTORIAL``. Ta del
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510 zaslona navadno vsebuje ime datoteke, ki smo jo obiskali. Zdajle je to
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
511 ,,TUTORIAL``, vaša delovna kopija učbenika Emacsa. Ko boste poiskali
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
512 kakšno drugo datoteko, bo na tem mestu pisalo njeno ime.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
513
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
514 Posebnost ukaza za iskanje datoteke je, da moramo povedati, katero
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
515 datoteko iščemo. Pravimo, da ukaz ,,prebere argument s terminala`` (v
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516 tem primeru je argument ime datoteke). Ko vtipkate ukaz
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
517
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518 C-x C-f (poišči datoteko)
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
519
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520 vas Emacs povpraša po imenu datoteke. Kar vtipkate, se sproti vidi v
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
521 vrstici na dnu zaslona. Temu delovnemu področju pravimo pogovorni
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
522 vmesnik (minibuffer), kadar se uporablja za tovrstni vnos. Znotraj
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523 pogovornega vmesnika lahko uporabljate običajne ukaze za urejanje, če
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
524 ste se na primer pri tipkanju zmotili.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
525
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
526 Sredi tipkanja imena datoteke (ali katerega koli drugega opravila v
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
527 pogovornem vmesniku) lahko ukaz prekličete s C-g.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
528
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
529 >> Vtipkajte C-x C-f, zatem pa še C-g. Zadnji ukaz od treh je
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
530 zaprl pogovorni vmesnik in tudi preklical ukaz C-x C-f, ki je
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
531 uporabljal pogovorni vmesnik. Konec z iskanjem datoteke.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
532
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
533 Ko ste dokončali ime, ga vnesete s pritiskom na <Return>. S tem se
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
534 požene ukaz C-x C-f in poišče iskano datoteko. Pogovorni vmesnik
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
535 izgine, ko je ukaz izveden.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
536
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
537 Trenutek kasneje se vsebina datoteke pojavi na zaslonu. Zdaj lahko
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
538 dopolnjujete, urejate ali kako drugače spreminjate vsebino. Ko želite,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
539 da ostanejo spremembe trajne, izvedete ukaz:
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
540
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
541 C-x C-s (shrani datoteko)
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
542
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
543 Besedilo se s tem shrani iz pomnilnika računalnika na datoteko na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
544 disk. Ko prvič izvedete ta ukaz, se izvorna datoteka preimenuje, tako
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545 da ni izgubljena. Najdete jo pod novim imenom, ki se od starega
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
546 razlikuje po tem, da ima na koncu pripet znak ,,~``.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
548 Ko je Emacs shranil datoteko, izpiše njeno ime. Shranjujte raje
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549 pogosteje kot ne, da v primeru, če gre z računalnikom kaj narobe, ne
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
550 izgubite veliko.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
551
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
552 >> Vtipkajte C-x C-s, s čimer boste shranili svojo kopijo tega
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
553 učbenika. Emacs bo v vrstici na dnu zaslona izpisal ,,Wrote
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554 ...TUTORIAL``.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556 Poiščete lahko lahko že obstoječo datoteko, da si jo ogledate ali
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
557 popravite, ali pa tudi datoteko, ki še ne obstaja. To je način, kako z
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 Emacsom ustvarimo novo datoteko: poiščite datoteko z izbranim imenom,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559 ki bo sprva prazna, in začnite pisati. Ko jo boste prvič shranili, bo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 Emacs ustvaril datoteko z vnešenim besedilom. Od tod dalje delate na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561 že obstoječi datoteki.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
562
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
563
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
564 * DELOVNA PODROČJA
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
565 ------------------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
567 Tudi če ste z ukazom C-x C-f poiskali in odprli drugo datoteko, prva
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
568 ostane v Emacsu. Nanjo se vrnete tako, da jo še enkrat ,,poiščete`` z
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
569 ukazom C-x C-f. Tako imate lahko v Emacsu hkrati kar precej datotek.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
570
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
571 >> Ustvarite datoteko z imenom ,,bla`` tako, da vtipkate C-x C-f
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
572 bla <Return>. Natipkajte nekaj besedila, ga po potrebi popravite, in
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
573 shranite v datoteko ,,bla`` z ukazom C-x C-s. Ko ste končali, se
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
574 vrnite v učbenik z ukazom C-x C-f TUTORIAL <Return>.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
575
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
576 Emacs hrani besedilo vsake datoteke v takoimenovanem ,,delovnem
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
577 področju`` (angl. buffer). Ko poiščemo datoteko, Emacs ustvari zanjo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
578 novo delovno področje. Vsa obstoječa delovna področja v Emacsu vidimo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
579 z ukazom:
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
580
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
581 C-x C-b Seznam delovnih področij.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
582
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
583 >> Poskusite C-x C-b zdaj.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
584
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
585 Vidite, da ima vsako delovno področje svoje ime, pri nekaterih pa piše
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
586 tudi ime datoteke, katere vsebina se hrani v njem. Vsako besedilo, ki
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
587 ga vidite v katerem od Emacsovih oken, je vedno del kakšnega delovnega
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
588 področja.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
589
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
590 >> Z ukazom C-x 1 se znebite seznama delovnih področij.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
591
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
592 Tudi če imate več delovnih področij, pa je vedno le eno od njih
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
593 trenutno dejavno. To je tisto delovno področje, ki ga popravljate. Če
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
594 želite popravljati drugo delovno področje, morate ,,preklopiti``
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
595 nanj. Če bi radi preklopili na delovno področje, ki pripada kakšni
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
596 datoteki, že poznate en način, kako to storiti: ponovno ,,obiščete``
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
597 (odprete) to datoteko z ukazom C-x C-f. Obstaja pa še lažji način: z
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
598 ukazom C-x b. Pri tem ukazu morate navesti ime delovnega področja.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
599
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
600 >> Vtipkajte C-x b bla <Return>, s čimer se vrnete v delovno področje
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
601 ,,bla`` z vsebino datoteke ,,bla``, ki ste jo maloprej
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
602 odprli. Zatem vtipkajte C-x b TUTORIAL <RETURN>, s čimer se vrnete
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
603 nazaj v ta učbenik.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
604
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
605 Večinoma se ime delovnega področja kar ujema z imenom datoteke (brez
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
606 poti do datoteke), ne pa vedno. Seznam delovnih področij, ki ga
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
607 prikaže ukaz C-x C-b, prikaže imena vseh delovnih področij.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
608
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
609 Vsako besedilo, ki ga vidite v katerem od Emacsovih oken, je vedno del
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
610 kakšnega delovnega področja. Nekatera delovna področja ne pripadajo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
611 nobeni datoteki. Področje ,,*Buffer List*``, na primer, je že eno
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
612 takih. To delovno področje smo ustvarili ravnokar, ko smo pognali ukaz
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613 C-x C-b, in vsebuje seznam delovnih področij. Tudi delovno področje
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
614 ,,Messages`` ne pripada nobeni datoteki, ampak vsebuje sporočila, ki
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
615 jih je Emacs izpisoval v odzivnem področju na dnu zaslona.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
616
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
617 >> Vtipkajte C-x b *Messages* <Return> in si oglejte delovno področje
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
618 s sporočili, zatem pa vtipkajte C-x b TUTORIAL <Return> in se tako
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619 vrnite v učbenik.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
620
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
621 Če ste spreminjali besedilo ene datoteke, potem pa poiskali drugo, to
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622 ne shrani spremeb v prvo datoteko. Te ostanejo znotraj Emacsa, na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623 delovnem področju, ki pripada prvi datoteki. Ustvarjenje ali
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624 spreminjanje delovnega področja druge datoteke nima nobenega vpliva na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625 področje prve. To je zelo uporabno, pomeni pa tudi, da potrebujemo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626 udobno pot, da shranimo delovno področje prve datoteke. Nerodno bi
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 bilo preklapljanje na prvo področje s C-x C-f, da bi shranili s C-x
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628 C-s. Namesto tega imamo:
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630 C-x s Shrani nekatera delovna področja
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632 Ukaz C-x poišče delovna področja, katerih vsebina je bila spremenjena,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633 odkar je bila zadnjič shranjena na datoteko. Za vsako tako delovno
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
634 področje C-x s vpraša, če ga želite shraniti.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637 * RAZŠIRJEN NABOR UKAZOV
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 ------------------------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640 Še mnogo, mnogo je ukazov Emacsa, ki bi zaslužili, da jih obesimo na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641 razne kontrolne in meta znake. Emacs se temu izogne z ukazom X (iz angl.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 eXtend - razširiti), ki uvede ukaz iz razširjenega nabora. Dveh vrst je:
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
643
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644 C-x Znakovna razširitev (angl. Character eXtend).
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645 Sledi mu en sam znak.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
646 M-x Razširitev s poimenovanim ukazom. Sledi mu dolgo ime
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
647 ukaza.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
648
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
649 Tudi ti ukazi so na splošno uporabni, ne uporabljamo pa jih tako
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
650 pogosto kot tiste, ki ste se jih že naučili. Dva ukaza iz razširjenega
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
651 nabora že poznamo: C-x C-f, s katerim poiščemo datoteko, in C-x C-s, s
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652 katerim datoteko shranimo. Še en primer je ukaz, s katerim Emacsu
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
653 povemo, da želimo končati z delom iz iziti iz Emacsa. Ta ukaz je C-x
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654 C-c (ne skrbite: preden konča, Emacs ponudi, da shrani vse spremenjene
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
655 datoteke).
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657 Z ukazom C-z Emacs zapustimo samo *začasno*, tako da lahko ob vrnitvi
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 nadaljujemo z delom, kjer smo ostali.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660 Na sistemih, ki to dopuščajo, ukaz C-z izide iz Emacsa v ukazno
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
661 lupino, a ga ne konča - če uporabljate ukazno lupino C, se lahko
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
662 vrnete z ukazom ,fg` ali splošneje z ukazom ,,%emacs``.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664 Drugod ukaz C-z požene sekundarno ukazno lupino, tako da lahko
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 poženete kakšen drug program in se kasneje vrnete v Emacs. V tem
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 primeru pravzaprav Emacsa ne zapustimo. Ukaz ,,exit`` v ukazni lupini
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 je navadno način, da zapremo sekundarno lupino in se vrnemo v Emacs.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 Ukaz C-x C-c uporabimo, če se nameravamo odjaviti s sistema. To je
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 tudi pravilen način za izhod iz Emacsa, če je tega pognal program za
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 delo s pošto ali kak drug program, saj ta verjetno ne ve, kaj
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 napraviti z začasno prekinjenim Emacsom. V vseh ostalih primerih pa,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673 če se ne nameravate odjaviti s sistema, uporabite C-z, in se vrnite v
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 Emacs, ko bi radi spet urejali besedilo.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 Ukazov C-x je veliko. Zaenkrat smo spoznali naslednje:
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 C-x C-f Poišči datoteko.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 C-x C-s Shrani datoteko.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680 C-x C-b Prikaži seznam delovnih področij.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 C-x C-c Končaj Emacs.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 C-x 1 Zapri vsa okna razen enega.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 C-x u Preklic zadnjega ukaza.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685 Poimenovani razširjeni ukazi so ukazi, ki se uporabljajo še bolj
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 poredko, ali pa se uporabljajo samo v nekaterih načinih dela. Eden
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 takih je na primer ukaz replace-string, ki po vsem besedilu zamenja en
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 niz znakov z drugim. Ko vtipkate M-x, se to izpiše v pogovornem
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 vmesniku na dnu zaslona, Emacs pa čaka, da vtipkate ime ukaza, ki ga
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690 želite priklicati; v tem primeru je to ,,replace-string``. Vtipkajte
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 samo ,,repl s<TAB>`` in Emacs bo dopolnil ime (<TAB> je tabulatorska
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692 tipka; navadno jo najdemo nad tipko Caps Lock ali Shift na levi strani
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693 tipkovnice). Ukaz vnesete s pritiskom na <Return>.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695 Ukaz replace-string potrebuje dva argumenta -- niz, ki ga želite
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 zamenjati, in niz, s katerim bi radi zamenjali prvega. Vsakega posebej
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 vnesete in zaključite s pritiskom na tipko Return.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 >> Premaknite kazalček na prazno vrstico dve vrstici pod to, zatem
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 vtipkajte M-x repl s<Return>zamenjala<Return>spremenila<Return>.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 Opazite, kako se je ta vrstica zamenjala? Vse besede
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 z-a-m-e-n-j-a-l-a od tod do konca besedila ste nadomestili z besedo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 ,,spremenila``.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 * AVTOMATIČNO SHRANJEVANJE
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 --------------------------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 Spremembe v datoteki, ki jih še niste shranili na disk, so izgubljene,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 če medtem denimo zmanjka elektrike. Da bi vas zavaroval pred tem,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 Emacs periodično avtomatično shrani vse datoteke, ki jih
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 urejate. Avtomatično shranjena datoteka se od izvorne razlikuje po
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 znaku ,#` na začetku in koncu imena: če se je vaša datoteka imenovala
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715 ,,hello.c``, se avtomatično shranjena datoteka imenuje
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 ,,#hello.c#``. Ko normalno shranite datoteko, avtomatično shranjena
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717 datoteka ni več potrebna, in Emacs jo pobriše.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719 Če res pride do izgube podatkov v pomnilniku, lahko povrnete avtomatično
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 shranjeno besedilo tako, da normalno poiščete datoteko (pravo ime
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 datoteke, ne ime avtomatično shranjene datoteke), zatem pa vtipkate M-x
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 recover file<Return>. Ko vas vpraša za potrditev, vtipkajte yes<Return>
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723 za nadaljevanje in povrnitev avtomatično shranjenenih podatkov.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 * ODZIVNO PODROČJE
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 ------------------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 Kadar Emacs opazi, da počasi vtipkavate ukaz, odpre v zadnji vrstici
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 na dnu zaslona odzivno področje in v njem sproti prikazuje natipkano.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 * STATUSNA VRSTICA
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 ------------------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 Vrstica nad odzivnim področjem je statusna vrstica. Ta kaže verjetno
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 nekaj podobnega kot:
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 --:** TUTORIAL (Fundamental)--L670--58%----------------------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 V njej so izpisani pomembni podatki o stanju Emacsa in besedilu, ki ga
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 urejate.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744 Zdaj že veste, kaj pomeni ime datoteke -- to je datoteka, ki ste jo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745 poiskali. Oznaka --NN%-- pomeni, da je nad vrhom zaslona še NN
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 odstotkov celotne datoteke. Če je začetek datoteke na zaslonu, bo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 namesto --00%-- pisalo --Top--. Podobno bo pisalo --Bot--, če je
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 zadnja vrstica datoteke na zaslonu. Če je datoteka, ki jo ogledujete,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 tako kratka, da gre vsa na en zaslon, pa bo pisalo --All--.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 Črka L in številke za njo kažejo položaj še drugače, kot zaporedno
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 številko vrstice, v kateri je kazalček.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 Zvezdice na začetku vrstice pomenijo, da ste datoteko že spreminjali.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 Tik po tem, ko ste odprli ali shranili datoteko, ni nobenih zvezdic,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 so samo črtice.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 Del statusne vrstice znotraj oklepajev vam pove, v kakšnem načinu dela
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 Emacs. Privzeti način je osnovni način (Fundamental), v katerem ste
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 sedaj. Fundamental je eden od glavnih načinov (angl. major
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 mode). Emacs pozna veliko različnih glavnih načinov. Nekateri od njih
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 so namenjeni pisanju programov, kot na primer Lisp, ali pisanju
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 besedil, kot npr. Text. Naenkrat je lahko aktiven le en glavni način,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 njegovo ime pa je vedno izpisano v statusni vrstici, kjer zdaj piše
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 Fundamental.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 Glavni načini lahko spremenijo pomen nekaterim ukazom. Obstajajo,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 denimo, ukazi za pisanje komentarjev v programu, in ker ima vsak
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 programski jezik svoje predstave o tem, kako mora komentar izgledati,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 mora vsak glavni način vnesti komentarje drugače. Ker je vsak glavni
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 način ime razširjenega ukaza, lahko tako tudi izbiramo glavni
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 način. Na primer, M-x fundamental-mode vas postavi v način
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 Fundamental.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 Če nameravate popravljati slovensko (ali angleško) besedilo, kot je na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 primer tole, boste verjetno izbrali tekstovni način (Text).
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 >> Vtipkajte M-x text mode<Return>.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 Brez skrbi, noben od ukazov Emacsa, ki ste se jih naučili, se s tem ne
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 spremeni kaj dosti. Lahko pa opazite, da Emacs zdaj jemlje opuščaje za
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 dele besed, ko se premikate z M-f ali M-b. V osnovnem načinu jih je
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 obravnaval kot meje med besedami.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 Glavni načini navadno počenjajo majhne spremembe, kot je ta: večina
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 ukazov ,,opravi isti posel``, vendar pa to počnejo na različen način.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 Dokumentacijo o trenutno aktivnem glavnem načinu dobite z ukazom C-h m.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 >> Uporabite C-u C-v enkrat ali večkrat, toliko, da bo ta vrstica blizu
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 vrha zaslona.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 >> Vtipkajte C-h m, da vidite, v čem se tekstovni način (Text) razlikuje
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 od osnovnega (Fundamental).
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 >> Vtipkajte C-x 1, da umaknete dokumentacijo z zaslona.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 Glavnim načinom pravimo glavni načini zato, ker obstajajo tudi
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 podnačini (angl. minor modes). Podnačini ne nadomeščajo glavnih
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 načinom, ampak le spreminjajo njihovo obnašanje. Podnačine lahko
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 aktiviramo ali deaktiviramo neodvisno od glavnega načina in neodvisno
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 od ostalih podnačinov. Tako lahko ne uporabljate nobenega podnačina,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 en podnačin, ali kombinacijo večih podnačinov.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 Podnačin, ki je zelo uporaben posebno za pisanje besedil, je Auto
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 Fill. Ko je vklopljen, Emacs med pisanjem avtomatično deli vrstice na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 presledkih med besedami, tako da vrstice niso predolge.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 Vklopite ga lahko z ukazom M-x auto fill mode<Return>. Ko je
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 vklopljen, ga lahko izklopite z istim ukazom, M-x
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 auto fill mode<Return>. Z istim ukazom torej preklapljamo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 (angl. toggle) med vklopljenim in izklopljenim stanjem.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 >> Vtipkajte zdaj M-x auto fill mode<Return>. Potem začnite tipkati
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 "asdf asdkl sdjf sdjkf"... dokler ne opazite, da je Emacs razbil
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 vrstico na dve. Med tipkanjem mora biti dovolj presledkov, saj
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 Auto Fill prelamlja vrstice samo na presledkih.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816 Širina besedila je navadno postavljena na 70 znakov, kar pa lahko
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 spremenite z ukazom C-x f. Novo širino morate podati kot številčni
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 argument.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 >> Vtipkajte C-x f in argument 20. (C-u 2 0 C-x f). Zatem vtipkajte
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821 nekaj besedila in poglejte, če bo Emacs res delil vrstice pri 20
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 znakih. Potem z ukazom C-x f postavite mejo nazaj na 70.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824 Auto Fill deluje le, kadar pišete novo besedilo, ne pa,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 kadar popravljate že napisan odstavek.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 Tak odstavek lahko poravnate tako, da kazalček premaknete nekam
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 znotraj odstavka in ukažete M-q (META-q).
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 >> Premaknite kazalček v prejšnji odstavek in izvedite M-q.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 * ISKANJE
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 ---------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 Emacs lahko v besedilu poišče niz znakov (zaporedje znakov ali besed),
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 naprej ali nazaj po besedilu. Iskanje spada v skupino ukazov za
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 premikanje kazalčka, saj premakne kazalček na kraj v besedilu, kjer je
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838 našel iskani niz.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 Iskanje v Emacsu je morda nekoliko drugačno od tistega, ki ste ga
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 navajeni, in sicer je ,,inkrementalno``. To pomeni, da se iskanje
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 odvija hkrati s tem, ko tipkate iskani niz.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 Ukaza za iskanje sta C-s za iskanje naprej po datoteki in C-r za
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845 iskanje nazaj po datoteki. POČAKAJTE! Ne preizkušajte jih še ta hip!
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847 Ko boste natipkali C-s, boste opazili niz ,,I-search`` kot pozivnik
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 v pogovornem vmesniku. To vam pove, da je Emacs v inkrementalnem iskanju
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 in vas čaka, da začnete tipkati, kar iščete. <Return> zaključi iskanje.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 >> Pritisnite zdaj C-s. POČASI, črko za črko, vtipkajte besedo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852 ,,kazalček``. Za vsako vtipkano črko se ustavite in si oglejte, kaj
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 se je zgodilo s kazalčkom.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854 >> Še enkrat pritisnite C-s, da poiščete naslednji ,,kazalček``.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855 >> Šestkrat pritisnite <Delback> in opazujte, kako se premika kazalček.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
856 >> Končajte iskanje s tipko <Return>.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858 Ste videli, kaj se je zgodilo? Emacs pri inkrementalnem iskanju skuša
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 poiskati niz, ki ste ga natipkali do tistega hipa. Da poiščete
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860 naslednje mesto, kjer se pojavi ,,kazalček``, samo še enkrat
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 pritisnete C-s. Če takega mesta ni, Emacs čivkne in vam sporoči, da
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862 iskanje ni uspelo. Tudi C-g prekine iskanje.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 OPOZORILO: Na nekaterih sistemih bo s pritiskom na C-s ekran
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 zmrznil. To je znak, da je operacijski sistem prestregel znak C-s in
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866 ga interpretiral kot znak za prekinitev toka podatkov, namesto da bi
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867 ga posredoval programu Emacs. Ekran ,,odtajate`` s pritiskom na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868 C-q. Potem si oglejte razdelek ,,Spontaneous Entry to Incremental
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 Search`` v priročniku za nasvet, kako se spopasti s to nevšečnostjo.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 Če sredi inkrementalnega iskanja pritisnete <Delback>, boste opazili,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 da to pobriše zadnji znak v iskanem nizu, kazalček pa se premakne
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873 nazaj na mesto v besedilu, kjer je našel krajši niz. Na primer,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 predpostavimo, da ste do zdaj natipkali ,,ka`` in je kazalček na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 mestu, kjer se prvič pojavi ,,ka``. Če zdaj pritisnete <Delback>, boste
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876 s tem v pogovornem vmesniku izbrisali ,a`, hkrati pa se bo kazalček
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 postavil na mesto, kjer je prvič našel ,k`, preden ste natipkali še
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 ,a`.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 Če sredi iskanja vtipkate katerikoli kontrolni znaki ali metaznak
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881 (razen tistih, ki imajo poseben pomen pri iskanju, to sta C-s in C-r),
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 se iskanje prekine.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 C-s začne iskati na mestu v datoteki, kjer trenutno stoji kazalček, in
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 išče do konca datoteke. Če bi radi iskali proti začetku datoteke,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 namesto C-s vtipkamo C-r. Vse, kar smo povedali o ukazu C-s, velja
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 tudi za C-r, le smer iskanja je obrnjena.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890 * VEČ OKEN NA ZASLONU
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891 ---------------------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 Ena simpatičnih lastnosti Emacsa je, da zna hkrati prikazati več oken
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894 na ekranu, tudi če ne delamo v grafičnem načinu.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 >> Premaknite kazalček v to vrstico in vtipkajte C-u 0 C-l (zadnji
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 znak je CONTROL-L, ne CONTROL-1)
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 >> Zdaj vtipkajte C-x 2, da razdelite zaslon na dve okni.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 V obeh oknih imate odprt ta priročnik. Kazalček je ostal v zgornjem
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 oknu.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 >> Pritisnite C-M-v za listanje v spodnjem oknu.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902 (Če nimate tipke META, tipkajte ESC C-v).
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903 >> Vtipkajte C-x o (o kot ,,other``, drugi), da preselite kazalček v
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 spodnje okno.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 >> S C-v in M-v se v spodnjem oknu premikate po vsebini datoteke.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 Zgornje okno še vedno kaže ta navodila.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 >> Ponovni C-x o vas vrne v zgornje okno. Kazalček se je vrnil na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 mesto, kjer je bil, preden smo skočili v spodnje okno.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 Z ukazom C-x o lahko preklapljamo med okni. Vsako okno si zapomni, kje
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 v oknu je ostal kazalček, samo trenutno aktivno okno pa kazalček tudi
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 v resnici prikaže. Vsi običajni ukazi za urejanje, ki smo se jih
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 naučili, veljajo za aktivno okno.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 Ukaz C-M-v je zelo uporaben, kadar urejamo besedilo v enem oknu,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 drugega pa uporabljamo samo za pomoč. Kazalček ostaja ves čas v oknu,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917 v katerem urejamo, po vsebini spodnjega okna pa se vseeno lahko
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 premikamo, ne da bi morali venomer skakati iz enega okna v drugega.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 C-M-v je primer znaka CONTROL-META. Če imate v resnici tipko META (na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 PC navadno levi Alt), lahko vtipkate C-M-v tako, da držite pritisnjeni
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 tako CONTROL kot META, medtem ko vtipkate v. Ni pomembno, katero od
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 tipk, CONTROL ali META, pritisnete prvo, saj obe delujeta šele, ko
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 pritisnete znak, ki sledi (v zgornjem primeru ,v`).
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 Nasprotno pa je vrstni red pritiskanja pomemben, če nimate tipke META
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 in namesto nje uporabljate ESC. V tem primeru morate najprej
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 pritisniti ESC, potem pa Control-v. Obratna kombinacija, CONTROL-ESC v
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 ne deluje. To je zato, ker je ESC znak sam po sebi, ne pa modifikator,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 kot sta CONTROL in META.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 >> V zgornjem oknu vtipkajte C-x 1, da se znebite spodnjega okna.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 (Če bi vtipkali C-x 1 v spodnjem oknu, bi se znebili
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 zgornjega. Razmišljajte o tem ukazu kot ,,Obdrži samo eno okno, in
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 sicer tisto, v katerem sem zdaj.``)
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 Seveda ni nujno, da obe okni kažeta isto delovno področje. Če v enem
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 oknu izvedete C-x C-f in poiščete novo datoteko, se vsebina drugega
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940 okna ne spremeni. V vsakem oknu lahko neodvisno obdelujete drugo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 datoteko.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 Pa še ena pot, kako v dveh oknih prikažete dve različni datoteki:
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 >> Vtipkajte C-x 4 C-f, in na pozivnik vtipkajte ime ene vaših
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 datotek. Končajte z <Return>. Odpre se še eno okno in izbrana
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 datoteka se pojavi v drugem oknu. Tudi kazalček se preseli v drugo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 okno.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950 >> Vtipkajte C-x o, da se vrnete nazaj v zgornje okno, in C-x 1, da
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 zaprete spodnje okno.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954 * REKURZIVNI NIVOJI UREJANJA
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 ----------------------------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 Včasih boste prišli v nekaj, čemur se pravi ,,rekurzivni nivo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958 urejanja``. To se vidi po tem, da v statusni vrstici oglati oklepaji
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 oklepajo ime glavnega načina. V osnovnem načinu bi, na primer, videli
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 [(Fundamental)] namesto (Fundamental).
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 Iz rekurzivnega nivoja urejanja se rešite, če vtipkate ESC ESC ESC. To
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 zaporedje je vsenamenski ukaz ,,pojdi ven``. Uporabite ga lahko tudi
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964 za ukinjanje odvečnih oken, ali vrnitev iz pogovornega vmesnika.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966 >> Pritisnite M-x, da odprete pogovorni vmesnik, zatem pa vtipkajte
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 ESC ESC ESC, da pridete ven iz njega.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 Z ukazom C-g ne morete iz rekurzivnega nivoja urejanja, ker C-g
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970 prekliče ukaze ali argumente ZNOTRAJ rekurzivnega nivoja.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 * DODATNA POMOČ
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 ---------------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 V tem uvodu smo poskušali zbrati dovolj informacij, da lahko začnete
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977 Emacs uporabljati. Emacs ponuja toliko, da bi bilo nemogoče vse to
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 zbrati tukaj. Verjetno pa bi se vseeno radi naučili kaj o številnih
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 koristnih možnostih, ki jih še ne poznate. Emacs ima že vgrajene
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 veliko dokumentacije, do katere lahko pridete s pritiskom na CONTROL-h
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981 (h kot ,,help``, pomoč).
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 Za pomoč pritisnete C-h, potem pa vtipkate znak, ki pove, kakšno pomoč
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984 želite. Če ste poplnoma izgubljeni, vtipkajte C-h ? in Emacs vam bo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985 povedal, kakšna pomoč je sploh na voljo. Če ste vtipkali C-h, pa ste
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986 si premislili, lahko ukaz prekličete s C-g.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 (Na nekaterih sistemih se znak C-h preslika v kaj drugega. To ni
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
989 dobro, in v takem primeru se pritožite sistemskemu vzdrževalcu. Medtem
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
990 pa, če C-h ne prikaže sporočila o pomoči na dnu zaslona, namesto tega
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991 poskusite pritisniti tipko F1 ali pa vtipkajte M-x help <Return>.)
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993 Najosnovnejši tip pomoči prikaže C-h c. Pritisnite C-h, tipko c, zatem
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994 pa ukazni znak ali zaporedje ukaznih znakov, in Emacs bo izpisal
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995 kratek opis ukaza.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997 >> Vtipkajte C-h c C-p.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998 Izpiše se nekaj takega kot
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1000 C-p runs the command previous-line
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1001
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002 Ukaz je izpisal ime funkcije, ki izvede ukaz. Imena funkcij
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 uporabljamo, kadar pišemo prilagoditve in razširitve Emacsa. Ker pa so
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004 navadno imena funkcij izbrana tako, da kaj povedo o tem, kaj funkcija
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1005 počne, bo verjetno to tudi dovolj za kratko osvežitev, če ste se z
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1006 ukazom že kdaj srečali.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008 Ukazu C-h lahko sledi tudi zaporedje znakov, kot na primer C-x C-s,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1009 ali, če nimate tipke META, <Esc>v.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1010
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1011 Za več informacij o ukazu vtipkajte C-h k namesto C-h c.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1013 >> Vtipkajte C-h k C-p.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1014
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1015 To odpre novo okno in v njem prikaže dokumentacijo o funkciji, obenem
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1016 z njenim imenom. Ko ste opravili, vtipkajte C-x 1, da se znebite okna
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1017 z pomočjo. Tega seveda ni potrebno napraviti takoj, ampak lahko
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1018 urejate, medtem ko imate odprto okno s pomočjo, in ga zaprete, ko ste
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1019 končali.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1020
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1021 Sledi še nekaj uporabnih možnosti, ki jih ponuja pomoč:
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1022
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1023 C-h f Opiši funkcijo. Kot argument morate podati ime
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024 funkcije.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1026 >> Poskusite C-h f previous-line<Return>.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1027 To izpiše vse podatke, ki jih ima Emacs o funkciji, ki izvede ukaz C-p.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1028
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1029 Podoben ukaz C-h v izpiše dokumentacijo za spremenljivke, s katerimi
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1030 lahko nastavite obnašanje Emacsa. Ob pozivniku morate vpisati ime
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1031 spremenljivke.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1032
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1033 C-h a Apropos. Vtipkajte ključno besedo in Emacs bo izpisal
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1034 vse ukaze, ki vsebujejo to ključno besedo. Vse te
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1035 ukaze lahko prikličete z META-x. Pri nekaterih ukazih
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1036 bo Apropos izpisal tudi eno ali dvoznakovno
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037 zaporedje, s katerim dosežete isti učinek.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 >> Vtipkajte C-h a file<Return>.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041 To odpre novo okno, v katerem so vsa dolga imena ukazov, ki vsebujejo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1042 ,,file`` v imenu. Izvedete jih lahko z M-x. Pri nekaterih se izpiše
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 tudi kratek ukaz, npr. C-x C-f ali C-x C-w pri ukazih find-file in
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 write-file.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1046 >> Pritisnite C-M-v, da se sprehajate po oknu s pomočjo. Poskusite
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047 nekajkrat.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049 >> Vtipkajte C-x 1, da zaprete okno s pomočjo.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051 C-h i Priročniki z navodili za uporabo (tkim. datoteke
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052 "info"). Ta ukaz vas prestavi v posebno delovno
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1053 področje, imenovano "info". V njem lahko prebirate
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1054 priročnike za programe, ki so nameščeni v sistemu. Z
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055 ukazom m emacs<Return> denimo dobite priročnik za
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1056 urejevalnik Emacs. Če sistema Info še niste
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1057 uporabljali, vtipkajte ? in Emacs vas bo popeljal na
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1058 vódeni izlet po načinu Info in možnostih, ki jih
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1059 ponuja. Ko boste zaključili z branjem tega prvega
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1060 berila, bo priročnik za Emacs v sistemu Info vaš
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1061 glavni vir dokumentacije.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1062
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1063
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1064 * DRUGE MOŽNOSTI
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1065 ----------------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1066
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 Še več se lahko naučite o Emacsu z branjem priročnika, bodisi
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068 natisnjenega, bodisi na zaslonu v sistemu Info (uporabite menu Help
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069 ali vtipkajte F10 h r). Dve možnosti, ki vam bosta morda posebej všeč,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1070 sta samodejno zaključevanje vrstice, s katerim prihranite nekaj
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1071 tipkanja, in dired, s katerim poenostavimo delo z datotekami.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073 Samodejno zaključevanje vrstic je način, s katerim prihranimo nekaj
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 tipkanja. Če želite denimo preklopiti v delovno področje *Messages*,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1075 je dovolj, da vtipkate C-x b *M<Tab> in Emacs bo sam dopolnil
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 preostanek imena delovnega področja. Samodejno zaključevanje je
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 opisano v sistemu Info v priročniku za Emacs, razdelek ,,Completion``.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1078
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079 Dired omogoča izpis seznama datotek v imeniku (in po možnosti tudi
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1080 podimenikih), premikanje po seznamu, obiskovanje (odpiranje),
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1081 preimenovanje, brisanje in druge operacije z datotekami. Dired je
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1082 opisav v sistemu Info v priročniku za Emacs, razdelek ,,Dired``.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084 Priročnik opisuje tudi mnoge druge možnosti Emacsa.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 * ZAKLJUČEK
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088 -----------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090 Zapomnite si, da Emacs zapustite z ukazom C-x C-c. Če bi radi samo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091 začasno skočili v ukazno lupino in se kasneje vrnili v Emacs, pa
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1092 storite to z ukazom C-z.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1093
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1094 Ta učbenik je napisan z namenom, da bi bil razumljiv vsem novincem v
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1095 Emacsu. Če se vam kaj ne zdi jasno napisano, ne valite krivde nase -
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 pritožite se!
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1097
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1098
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099 * RAZMNOŽEVANJE IN RAZŠIRJANJE
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100 ------------------------------
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1101
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102 Angleški izvirnik tega uvoda v Emacs je naslednik dolge vrste tovrstnih
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1103 besedil, začenši s tistim, ki ga je Stuart Cracraft napisal za izvorni
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1104 Emacs. V slovenščino ga je prevedel Primož Peterlin.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1105
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 To besedilo, kot sam GNU Emacs, je avtorsko delo, in njegovo
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107 razmnoževanje in razširjanje je dovoljeno pod naslednjimi pogoji:
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 Copyright (C) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
106815
1d1d5d9bd884 Add 2010 to copyright years.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 100972
diff changeset
1110 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
82723
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1111
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1112 Dovoljeno je izdelovati in razširjati neokrnjene kopije tega spisa
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1113 v kakršnikoli obliki pod pogojem, da je ohranjena navedba o
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1114 avtorstvu in to dovoljenje, ter da distributer dovoljuje prejemniku
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1115 nadaljnje razširjanje pod pogoji, navedenimi v tem dovoljenju.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1116
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1117 Pod pogoji iz prejšnjega odstavka je dovoljeno razširjati
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118 spremenjene verzije tega spisa ali njegovih delov, če je jasno
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 označeno, kdo je nazadnje vnesel spremembe.
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121 Pogoji za razmnoževanje in razširjanje samega Emacsa so malo drugačni,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1122 a v istem duhu. Prosimo, preberite datoteko COPYING in potem dajte
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1123 kopijo programa GNU Emacs svojim prijateljem. Pomagajte zatreti
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1124 obstrukcionizem (,,lastništvo``) v programju tako, da uporabljate,
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1125 pišete in delite prosto programje!
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1126
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1127 ;;; Local Variables:
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 ;;; coding: iso-latin-2
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129 ;;; sentence-end-double-space: nil
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130 ;;; End:
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131
08c9f524bc0a Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1132 ;;; arch-tag: 985059e4-44c6-4ac9-b627-46c8db57acf6