annotate man/autotype.texi @ 33531:de985bc39ea3

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author Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
date Thu, 16 Nov 2000 05:05:12 +0000
parents 0da9507401c4
children a16d8ed56e9c
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1 \input texinfo
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2 @c This is an annex of the Emacs manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c Author: Daniel.Pfeiffer@Informatik.START.dbp.de, fax (+49 69) 7588-2389
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5 @setfilename ../info/autotype
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6 @c @node Autotypist, Picture, Abbrevs, Top
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7 @c @chapter Features for Automatic Typing
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8 @settitle Features for Automatic Typing
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9 @c @cindex text
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10 @c @cindex selfinserting text
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11 @c @cindex autotypist
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12
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13 @dircategory Emacs
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14 @direntry
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15 * Autotype: (autotype). Convenient features for text that you enter frequently
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16 in Emacs.
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17 @end direntry
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18
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19 @ifnottex
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20 Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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21
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22 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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23 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
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24 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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25 Invariant Sections being ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and
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26 ``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE'', with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
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27 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
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28 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
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29 License'' in the Emacs manual.
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30
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31 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
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32 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
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33 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
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34
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35 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
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36 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
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37 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
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38 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
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39 @end ifnottex
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40
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41 @titlepage
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42 @sp 10
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43
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44 @center @titlefont{Autotyping}
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45 @sp 2
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46 @center @subtitlefont{Convenient features for text that you enter
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47 frequently in Emacs}
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48 @sp 2
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49 @center Daniel Pfeiffer
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50 @center additions by Dave Love
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51
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52 @page
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53 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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54 Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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55 @sp 1
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56 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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57 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
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58 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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59 Invariant Sections being ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and
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60 ``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE'', with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
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61 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
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62 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
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63 License'' in the Emacs manual.
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64
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65 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
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66 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
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67 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
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68
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69 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
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70 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
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71 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
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72 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
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73 @end titlepage
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74
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75 @node Top
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76 @top Autotyping
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77
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78 Under certain circumstances you will find yourself typing similar things
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79 over and over again. This is especially true of form letters and programming
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80 language constructs. Project-specific header comments, flow-control
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81 constructs or magic numbers are essentially the same every time. Emacs has
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82 various features for doing tedious and repetitive typing chores for you
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83 in addition to the Abbrev features (@pxref{(emacs)Abbrevs}).
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84
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85 One solution is using skeletons, flexible rules that say what to
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86 insert, and how to do it. Various programming language modes offer some
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87 ready-to-use skeletons, and you can adapt them to suit your needs or
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88 taste, or define new ones.
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89
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90 Another feature is automatic insertion of what you want into empty files,
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91 depending on the file-name or the mode as appropriate. You can have a file or
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92 a skeleton inserted, or you can call a function. Then there is the
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93 possibility to have Un*x interpreter scripts automatically take on a magic
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94 number and be executable as soon as they are saved. Or you can have a
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95 copyright notice's year updated, if necessary, every time you save a
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96 file. Similarly for time stamps in the file.
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97
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98 URLs can be inserted based on a word at point. Flexible templates can
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99 be defined for inserting and navigating between text more generally. A
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100 sort of meta-expansion facility can be used to try a set of alternative
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101 completions and expansions of text at point.
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102
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103 @menu
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104 * Using Skeletons:: How to insert a skeleton into your text.
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105 * Wrapping Skeletons:: Putting existing text within a skeleton.
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106 * Skeletons as Abbrevs:: An alternative for issuing skeleton commands.
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107 * Skeleton Language:: Making skeleton commands insert what you want.
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108 * Inserting Pairs:: Typing one character and getting another
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109 after point.
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110 * Autoinserting:: Filling up empty files as soon as you visit them.
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111 * Copyrights:: Inserting and updating copyrights.
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112 * Executables:: Turning interpreter scripts into executables.
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113 * Timestamps:: Updating dates and times in modified files.
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114 * QuickURL:: Inserting URLs based on text at point.
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115 * Tempo:: Flexible template insertion.
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116 * Hippie Expand:: Expansion of text trying various methods.
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117
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118 * Concept Index::
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119 * Command Index::
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120 * Variable Index::
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121 @end menu
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122
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123
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124
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125 @node Using Skeletons
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126 @chapter Using Skeletons
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127 @cindex skeletons
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128 @cindex using skeletons
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129
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130 When you want Emacs to insert a form letter or a typical construct of the
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131 programming language you are using, skeletons are a means of accomplishing
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132 this. Normally skeletons each have a command of their own, that, when called,
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133 will insert the skeleton. These commands can be issued in the usual ways
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134 (@pxref{(emacs)Commands}). Modes that offer various skeletons will often
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135 bind these to key-sequences on the @kbd{C-c} prefix, as well as having
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136 an @cite{Insert} menu and maybe even predefined abbrevs for them
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137 (@pxref{Skeletons as Abbrevs}).
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138
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139 The simplest kind of skeleton will simply insert some text indented
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140 according to the major mode and leave the cursor at a likely place in the
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141 middle. Interactive skeletons may prompt you for a string that will be part
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142 of the inserted text.
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143
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144 Skeletons may ask for input several times. They even have a looping
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145 mechanism in which you will be asked for input as long as you are willing to
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146 furnish it. An example would be multiple ``else if'' conditions. You can
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147 recognize this situation by a prompt ending in ``RET, C-g or C-h''. This
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148 means that entering an empty string will simply assume that you are finished.
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149 Typing quit on the other hand terminates the loop but also the rest of the
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150 skeleton, e.g. an ``else'' clause is skipped. Only a syntactically necessary
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151 termination still gets inserted.
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152
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153
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154
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155 @node Wrapping Skeletons
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156 @chapter Wrapping Skeletons Around Existing Text
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157 @cindex wrapping skeletons
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158
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159 Often you will find yourself with some code that for whatever reason
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160 suddenly becomes conditional. Or you have written a bit of text and want to
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161 put it in the middle of a form letter. Skeletons provide a means for
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162 accomplishing this, and can even, in the case of programming languages,
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163 reindent the wrapped code for you.
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164
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165 Skeleton commands take an optional numeric prefix argument
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166 (@pxref{(emacs)Arguments}). This is interpreted in two different ways depending
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167 on whether the prefix is positive, i.e. forwards oriented or negative,
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168 i.e. backwards oriented.
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169
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170 A positive prefix means to wrap the skeleton around that many
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171 following words. This is accomplished by putting the words there where
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172 the point is normally left after that skeleton is inserted (@pxref{Using
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173 Skeletons}). The point (@pxref{(emacs)Point}) is left at the next
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174 interesting spot in the skeleton instead.
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175
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176 A negative prefix means to do something similar with that many precedingly
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177 marked interregions (@pxref{(emacs)Mark}). In the simplest case, if you type
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178 @kbd{M--} just before issuing the skeleton command, that will wrap the
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179 skeleton around the current region, just like a positive argument would have
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180 wrapped it around a number of words.
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181
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182 Smaller negative arguments will wrap that many interregions into successive
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183 interesting spots within the skeleton, again leaving the point at the next one.
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184 We speak about interregions rather than regions here, because we treat them in
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185 the order they appear in the buffer, which coincides with successive regions
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186 only if they were marked in order.
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187
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188 That is, if you marked in alphabetical order the points A B C [] (where []
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189 represents the point) and call a skeleton command with @kbd{M-- 3}, you will
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190 wrap the text from A to B into the first interesting spot of the skeleton, the
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191 text from B to C into the next one, the text from C to the point into the
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192 third one, and leave the point in the fourth one. If there are less marks in
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193 the buffer, or if the skeleton defines less interesting points, the surplus is
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194 ignored.
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195
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196 If, on the other hand, you marked in alphabetical order the points [] A C B,
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197 and call a skeleton command with @kbd{M-- 3}, you will wrap the text from
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198 point to A, then the text from A to C and finally the text from C to B. This
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199 is done because the regions overlap and Emacs would be helplessly lost if it
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200 tried to follow the order in which you marked these points.
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201
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202
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203
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204 @node Skeletons as Abbrevs
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205 @chapter Skeletons as Abbrev Expansions
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206 @cindex skeletons as abbrevs
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207
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208 Rather than use a keybinding for every skeleton command, you can also
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209 define an abbreviation (@pxref{(emacs)Defining Abbrevs}) that will expand
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210 (@pxref{(emacs)Expanding Abbrevs}) into the skeleton.
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211
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212 Say you want @samp{ifst} to be an abbreviation for the C language if
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213 statement. You will tell Emacs that @samp{ifst} expands to the empty string
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214 and then calls the skeleton command. In Emacs-lisp you can say something like
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215 @code{(define-abbrev c-mode-abbrev-table "ifst" "" 'c-if)}. Or you can edit
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216 the output from @kbd{M-x list-abbrevs} to make it look like this:
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217
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218 @example
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219 (c-mode-abbrev-table)
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220 "if" 0 "" c-if
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221 @end example
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222
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223 @noindent
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224 (Some blank lines of no semantic significance, and other abbrev tables,
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225 have been omitted.)
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226
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227
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228
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229 @node Skeleton Language
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230 @chapter Skeleton Language
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231 @cindex skeleton language
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232
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233 @findex skeleton-insert
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234 Skeletons are an shorthand extension to the Lisp language, where various
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235 atoms directly perform either actions on the current buffer or rudimentary
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236 flow control mechanisms. Skeletons are interpreted by the function
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237 @code{skeleton-insert}.
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238
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239 A skeleton is a list starting with an interactor, which is usually a
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240 prompt-string, or @code{nil} when not needed, but can also be a Lisp
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241 expression for complex read functions or for returning some calculated value.
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242 The rest of the list are any number of elements as described in the following
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243 table:
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244
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245 @table @code
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246 @item "string", ?c, ?\c
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247 @vindex skeleton-transformation
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248 Insert string or character. Literal strings and characters are passed through
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249 @code{skeleton-transformation} when that is non-@code{nil}.
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250 @item \n
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251 Insert a newline and align under current line. Use newline character
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252 @code{?\n} to prevent alignment.
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253 @item _
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254 Interesting point. When wrapping skeletons around successive regions, they are
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255 put at these places. Point is left at first @code{_} where nothing is wrapped.
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256 @item >
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257 Indent line according to major mode. When following element is @code{_}, and
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258 there is a interregion that will be wrapped here, indent that interregion.
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259 @item &
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260 Logical and. Iff preceding element moved point, i.e. usually inserted
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261 something, do following element.
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262 @item |
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263 Logical xor. Iff preceding element didn't move point, i.e. usually inserted
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264 nothing, do following element.
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265 @item -number
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266 Delete preceding number characters. Depends on value of
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267 @code{skeleton-untabify}.
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268 @item (), nil
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269 Ignored.
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270 @item lisp expression
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271 Evaluated, and the return value is again interpreted as a skeleton element.
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272 @item str
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273 A special variable that, when evaluated the first time, usually prompts
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274 for input according to the skeleton's interactor. It is then set to the
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275 return value resulting from the interactor. Each subskeleton has its local
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276 copy of this variable.
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277 @item v1, v2
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278 Skeleton-local user variables.
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279 @item '
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280 Evaluate following lisp expression for its side-effect, but prevent it from
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281 being interpreted as a skeleton element.
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282 @item skeleton
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283 Subskeletons are inserted recursively, not once, but as often as the user
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284 enters something at the subskeletons interactor. Thus there must be a
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285 @code{str} in the subskeleton. They can also be used non-interactively, when
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286 prompt is a lisp-expression that returns successive list-elements.
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287 @item resume:
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288 Ignored. Execution resumes here when the user quit during skeleton
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289 interpretation.
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290 @item quit
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291 A constant which is non-@code{nil} when the @code{resume:} section was entered
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292 because the user quit.
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293 @end table
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294
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295 @findex skeleton-further-elements
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296 Some modes also use other skeleton elements they themselves defined. For
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297 example in shell script mode's skeletons you will find @code{<} which does a
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298 rigid indentation backwards, or in cc-mode's skeletons you find the
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299 self-inserting elements @code{@{} and @code{@}}. These are defined by the
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300 buffer-local variable @code{skeleton-further-elements} which is a list of
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301 variables bound while interpreting a skeleton.
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302
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303 @findex define-skeleton
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304 The macro @code{define-skeleton} defines a command for interpreting a
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305 skeleton. The first argument is the command name, the second is a
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306 documentation string, and the rest is an interactor and any number of skeleton
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307 elements together forming a skeleton. This skeleton is assigned to a variable
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308 of the same name as the command and can thus be overridden from your
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309 @file{~/.emacs} file (@pxref{(emacs)Init File}).
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310
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311
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312
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313 @node Inserting Pairs
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314 @chapter Inserting Matching Pairs of Characters
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315 @cindex inserting pairs
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316 @cindex pairs
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317
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318 Various characters usually appear in pairs. When, for example, you insert
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319 an open parenthesis, no matter whether you are programming or writing prose,
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320 you will surely enter a closing one later. By entering both at the same time
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321 and leaving the cursor inbetween, Emacs can guarantee you that such
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322 parentheses are always balanced. And if you have a non-qwerty keyboard, where
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323 typing some of the stranger programming language symbols makes you bend your
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324 fingers backwards, this can be quite relieving too.
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325
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326 @findex skeleton-pair-insert-maybe
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327 @vindex skeleton-pair
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328 This is done by binding the first key (@pxref{(emacs)Rebinding}) of the
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329 pair to @code{skeleton-pair-insert-maybe} instead of @code{self-insert-command}.
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330 The ``maybe'' comes from the fact that this at first surprising behaviour is
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331 initially turned off. To enable it, you must set @code{skeleton-pair} to some
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332 non-@code{nil} value. And even then, a positive argument
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333 (@pxref{(emacs)Arguments}) will make this key behave like a self
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334 inserting key (@pxref{(emacs)Inserting Text}).
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335
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336 @vindex skeleton-pair-on-word
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337 While this breaks with the stated intention of always balancing pairs, it
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338 turns out that one often doesn't want pairing to occur, when the following
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339 character is part of a word. If you want pairing to occur even then, set
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340 @code{skeleton-pair-on-word} to some non-@code{nil} value.
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341
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342 @vindex skeleton-pair-alist
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343 Pairing is possible for all visible characters. By default the parenthesis
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344 `(', the square bracket `[', the brace `@{', the pointed bracket `<' and the
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345 backquote ``' will all pair to the symmetrical character. All other
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346 characters will pair themselves. This behaviour can be modified by the
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347 variable @code{skeleton-pair-alist}. This is in fact an alist of skeletons
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348 (@pxref{Skeleton Language}), with the first part of each sublist matching the
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349 typed character. This is the position of the interactor, but since pairs
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350 don't need the @code{str} element, this is ignored.
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351
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352 Some modes have bound the command @code{skeleton-pair-insert-maybe} to
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353 relevant keys. These modes also configure the pairs as appropriate.
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354 For example, when typing english prose, you'd expect the backquote (`)
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355 to pair to the quote (') while in Shell script mode it must pair to
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356 itself. They can also inhibit pairing in certain contexts. For example
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357 an escaped character will stand for itself.
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358
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359
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360
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361 @node Autoinserting
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362 @chapter Autoinserting Text in Empty Files
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363 @cindex autoinserting
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364
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365 @findex auto-insert
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366 @kbd{M-x auto-insert} will put some predefined text at the beginning of
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367 the buffer. The main application for this function, as its name suggests,
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368 is to have it be called automatically every time an empty, and only an
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369 empty file is visited. This is accomplished by putting @code{(add-hook
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370 'find-file-hooks 'auto-insert)} into your @file{~/.emacs} file
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371 (@pxref{(emacs)Init File}).
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372
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373 @vindex auto-insert-alist
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374 What gets inserted, if anything, is determined by the variable
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375 @code{auto-insert-alist}. The @code{car}s of this list are each either a mode
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376 name, making an element applicable when a buffer is in that mode. Or they
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377 can be a string, which is a regexp matched against the buffer's file name.
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378 In that way different kinds of files that have the same mode in Emacs can be
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379 distinguished. The @code{car}s may also be @code{cons}-cells consisting of
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380 mode name or regexp as above and an additional descriptive string.
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381
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382 When a matching element is found, the @code{cdr} says what to do. It may
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383 be a string, which is a file name, whose contents are to be inserted, if
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384 that file is found in the directory @code{auto-insert-directory} or under a
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385 absolute file name. Or it can be a skeleton (@pxref{Skeleton Language}) to
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386 be inserted.
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387
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388 It can also be a function, which allows doing various things. The function
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389 can simply insert some text, indeed, it can be skeleton command (@pxref{Using
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390 Skeletons}). It can be a lambda function which will for example conditionally
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391 call another function. Or it can even reset the mode for the buffer. If you
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392 want to perform several such actions in order, you use a vector, i.e. several
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393 of the above elements between square brackets ([...]).
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394
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395 By default C and C++ headers insert a definition of a symbol derived from
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396 the filename to prevent multiple inclusions. C and C++ sources insert an
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397 include of the header. Makefiles insert the file makefile.inc if it exists.
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398
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399 TeX and bibTeX mode files insert the file tex-insert.tex if it exists, while
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400 LaTeX mode files insert insert a typical @code{\documentclass} frame. Html
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401 files insert a skeleton with the usual frame.
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402
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403 Ada mode files call the Ada header skeleton command. Emacs lisp source
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404 files insert the usual header, with a copyright of your environment variable
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405 @code{$ORGANIZATION} or else the FSF, and prompt for valid keywords describing
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406 the contents. Files in a @code{bin/} directory for which Emacs could
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407 determine no specialised mode (@pxref{(emacs)Choosing Modes}) are set to Shell script
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408 mode.
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409
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410 @findex define-auto-insert
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411 In Lisp (@pxref{(emacs)Init File}) you can use the function @code{define-auto-insert}
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412 to add to or modify @code{auto-insert-alist}. See its documentation with
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413 @kbd{C-h f auto-insert-alist}.
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414
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415 @vindex auto-insert
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416 The variable @code{auto-insert} says what to do when @code{auto-insert} is
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417 called non-interactively, e.g. when a newly found file is empty (see above):
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418 @table @code
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419 @item nil
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420 Do nothing.
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421 @item t
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422 Insert something if possible, i.e. there is a matching entry in
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423 @code{auto-insert-alist}.
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424 @item other
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425 Insert something if possible, but mark as unmodified.
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426 @end table
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427
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428 @vindex auto-insert-query
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429 The variable @code{auto-insert-query} controls whether to ask about
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430 inserting something. When this is @code{nil} inserting is only done with
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431 @kbd{M-x auto-insert}. When this is @code{'function} you are queried
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432 whenever @code{auto-insert} is called as a function, such as when Emacs
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433 visits an empty file and you have set the above-mentioned hook. Otherwise
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434 you are alway queried.
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435
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436 @vindex auto-insert-prompt
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437 When querying, the variable @code{auto-insert-prompt}'s value is used as a
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438 prompt for a y-or-n-type question. If this includes a @code{%s} construct,
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439 that is replaced by what caused the insertion rule to be chosen. This is
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440 either a descriptive text, the mode-name of the buffer or the regular
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441 expression that matched the filename.
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442
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443
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444
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445 @node Copyrights
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446 @chapter Inserting and Updating Copyrights
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447 @cindex copyrights
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448
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449 @findex copyright
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450 @kbd{M-x copyright} is a skeleton inserting command, that adds a copyright
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451 notice at the point. The ``by'' part is taken from your environment variable
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452 @code{$ORGANIZATION} or if that isn't set you are prompted for it. If the
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453 buffer has a comment syntax (@pxref{(emacs)Comments}), this is inserted as a comment.
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454
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diff changeset
455 @findex copyright-update
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456 @vindex copyright-limit
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457 @vindex copyright-current-year
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458 @kbd{M-x copyright-update} looks for a copyright notice in the first
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459 @code{copyright-limit} characters of the buffer and updates it when necessary.
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460 The current year (variable @code{copyright-current-year}) is added to the
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461 existing ones, in the same format as the preceding year, i.e. 1994, '94 or 94.
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462 If a dash-separated year list up to last year is found, that is extended to
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463 current year, else the year is added separated by a comma. Or it replaces
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464 them when this is called with a prefix argument. If a header referring to a
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465 wrong version of the GNU General Public License (@pxref{(emacs)Copying}) is found,
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466 that is updated too.
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467
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468 An interesting application for this function is to have it be called
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469 automatically every time a file is saved. This is accomplished by putting
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470 @code{(add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'copyright-update)} into your @file{~/.emacs}
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471 file (@pxref{(emacs)Init File}).
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472
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473 @vindex copyright-query
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474 The variable @code{copyright-query} controls whether to update the
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diff changeset
475 copyright or whether to ask about it. When this is @code{nil} updating is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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476 only done with @kbd{M-x copyright-update}. When this is @code{'function}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
477 you are queried whenever @code{copyright-update} is called as a function,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
478 such as in the @code{write-file-hooks} feature mentioned above. Otherwise
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diff changeset
479 you are always queried.
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diff changeset
480
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481
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482
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483 @node Executables
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diff changeset
484 @chapter Making Interpreter Scripts Executable
25848
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diff changeset
485 @cindex executables
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diff changeset
486
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diff changeset
487 @vindex executable-prefix
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diff changeset
488 @vindex executable-chmod
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parents:
diff changeset
489 Various Un*x interpreter modes such as Shell script mode or AWK mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
490 will automatically insert or update the buffer's magic number, a special
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diff changeset
491 comment on the first line that makes the @code{exec()} systemcall know how
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diff changeset
492 to execute the script. To this end the script is automatically made
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parents:
diff changeset
493 executable upon saving, with @code{executable-chmod} as argument to the
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diff changeset
494 system @code{chmod} command. The magic number is prefixed by the value of
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diff changeset
495 @code{executable-prefix}.
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diff changeset
496
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diff changeset
497 @vindex executable-magicless-file-regexp
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498 Any file whose name matches @code{executable-magicless-file-regexp} is not
25848
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diff changeset
499 furnished with a magic number, nor is it made executable. This is mainly
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diff changeset
500 intended for resource files, which are only meant to be read in.
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501
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diff changeset
502 @vindex executable-insert
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parents:
diff changeset
503 The variable @code{executable-insert} says what to do when
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parents:
diff changeset
504 @code{executable-set-magic} is called non-interactively, e.g. when file has no
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diff changeset
505 or the wrong magic number:
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diff changeset
506 @table @code
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507 @item nil
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diff changeset
508 Do nothing.
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509 @item t
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parents:
diff changeset
510 Insert or update magic number.
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diff changeset
511 @item other
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parents:
diff changeset
512 Insert or update magic number, but mark as unmodified.
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diff changeset
513 @end table
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diff changeset
514
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parents:
diff changeset
515 @findex executable-set-magic
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diff changeset
516 @vindex executable-query
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diff changeset
517 The variable @code{executable-query} controls whether to ask about
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518 inserting or updating the magic number. When this is @code{nil} updating
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parents:
diff changeset
519 is only done with @kbd{M-x executable-set-magic}. When this is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
520 @code{'function} you are queried whenever @code{executable-set-magic} is
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parents:
diff changeset
521 called as a function, such as when Emacs puts a buffer in Shell script
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diff changeset
522 mode. Otherwise you are alway queried.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
523
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diff changeset
524 @findex executable-self-display
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
525 @kbd{M-x executable-self-display} adds a magic number to the buffer, which
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
526 will turn it into a self displaying text file, when called as a Un*x command.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
527 The ``interpreter'' used is @code{executable-self-display} with argument
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
528 @code{+2}.
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529
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530 @node Timestamps
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531 @chapter Maintaining Timestamps in Modified Files
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532 @cindex timestamps
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533
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534 @findex time-stamp
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535 @vindex write-file-hooks
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536 The @code{time-stamp} command can be used to update automatically a
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537 template in a file with a new time stamp every time you save the file.
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538 Customize the hook @code{write-file-hooks} to add the function
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diff changeset
539 @code{time-stamp} to arrange this.
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diff changeset
540
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diff changeset
541 @vindex time-stamp-active
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542 @vindex time-stamp-format
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543 @vindex time-stamp-start
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544 The time stamp is updated only if the customizable variable
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diff changeset
545 @code{time-stamp-active} is on, which it is by default; the command
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diff changeset
546 @code{time-stamp-toggle-active} can be used to toggle it. The format of
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547 the time stamp is set by the customizable variable
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548 @code{time-stamp-format}.
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549
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550 @vindex time-stamp-line-limit
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551 @vindex time-stamp-end
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552 @vindex time-stamp-count
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553 @vindex time-stamp-inserts-lines
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diff changeset
554 The variables @code{time-stamp-line-limit}, @code{time-stamp-start},
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555 @code{time-stamp-end}, @code{time-stamp-count}, and
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diff changeset
556 @code{time-stamp-inserts-lines} control finding the template. Do not
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diff changeset
557 change these in your init file or you will be incompatible with other
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558 people's files. If you must change them, do so only in the local
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diff changeset
559 variables section of the file itself.
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560
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561 Normally the template must appear in the first 8 lines of a file and
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diff changeset
562 look like one of the following:
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563
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diff changeset
564 @example
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565 Time-stamp: <>
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566 Time-stamp: " "
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567 @end example
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568
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diff changeset
569 The time stamp is written between the brackets or quotes:
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570
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571 @example
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572 Time-stamp: <1998-02-18 10:20:51 gildea>
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573 @end example
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574
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575 @node QuickURL
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576 @chapter QuickURL: Inserting URLs Based on Text at Point
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diff changeset
577
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578 @vindex quickurl-url-file
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579 @findex quickurl
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580 @cindex URLs
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diff changeset
581 @kbd{M-x quickurl} can be used to insert a URL into a buffer based on
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diff changeset
582 the text at point. The URLs are stored in an external file defined by
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diff changeset
583 the variable @code{quickurl-url-file} as a list of either cons cells of
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diff changeset
584 the form @code{(@var{key} . @var{URL})} or
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diff changeset
585 lists of the form @code{(@var{key} @var{URL} @var{comment})}. These
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586 specify that @kbd{M-x quickurl} should insert @var{URL} if the word
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diff changeset
587 @var{key} is at point, for example:
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588
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589 @example
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590 (("FSF" "http://www.fsf.org/" "The Free Software Foundation")
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591 ("emacs" . "http://www.emacs.org/")
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592 ("hagbard" "http://www.hagbard.demon.co.uk" "Hagbard's World"))
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593 @end example
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594
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diff changeset
595 @findex quickurl-add-url
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596 @findex quickurl-list
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597 @kbd{M-x quickurl-add-url} can be used to add a new @var{key}/@var{URL}
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598 pair. @kbd{M-x quickurl-list} provides interactive editing of the URL
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diff changeset
599 list.
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600
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601 @node Tempo
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602 @chapter Tempo: Flexible Template Insertion
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603
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604 @cindex templates
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605 The Tempo package provides a simple way to define powerful templates, or
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606 macros, if you wish. It is mainly intended for, but not limited to,
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607 programmers to be used for creating shortcuts for editing
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608 certain kinds of documents.
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609
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610 @findex tempo-backward-mark
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611 @findex tempo-forward-mark
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612 A template is defined as a list of items to be inserted in the current
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613 buffer at point. Some can be simple strings, while others can control
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614 formatting or define special points of interest in the inserted text.
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615 @kbd{M-x tempo-backward-mark} and @kbd{M-x tempo-forward-mark} can be
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616 used to jump between such points.
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617
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618 More flexible templates can be created by including lisp symbols, which
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619 will be evaluated as variables, or lists, which will will be evaluated
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620 as lisp expressions. Automatic completion of specified tags to expanded
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621 templates can be provided.
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622
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623 @findex tempo-define-template
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624 See the documentation for @code{tempo-define-template} for the different
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625 items that can be used to define a tempo template with a command for
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626 inserting it.
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627
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628 See the commentary in @file{tempo.el} for more information on using the
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629 Tempo package.
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630
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631 @node Hippie Expand
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632 @chapter `Hippie' Expansion
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633
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634 @findex hippie-expand
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635 @kindex M-/
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636 @vindex hippie-expand-try-functions-list
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637 @kbd{M-x hippie-expand} is a single command providing a variety of
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638 completions and expansions. Called repeatedly, it tries all possible
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639 completions in succession.
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640
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641 Which ones to try, and in which order, is determined by the contents of
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642 the customizable option @code{hippie-expand-try-functions-list}. Much
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643 customization of the expansion behaviour can be made by changing the
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644 order of, removing, or inserting new functions in this list. Given a
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645 positive numeric argument, @kbd{M-x hippie-expand} jumps directly that
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646 number of functions forward in this list. Given some other argument (a
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647 negative argument or just @kbd{C-u}) it undoes the tried completion.
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648
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649 See the commentary in @file{hippie-exp.el} for more information on the
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650 possibilities.
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651
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652 Typically you would bind @code{hippie-expand} to @kbd{M-/} with
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653 @code{dabbrev-expand}, the standard binding of @kbd{M-/}, providing one
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654 of the expansion possibilities.
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655
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656
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657 @node Concept Index
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658 @unnumbered Concept Index
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659 @printindex cp
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660
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661 @node Command Index
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662 @unnumbered Command Index
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663 @printindex fn
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664
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665 @node Variable Index
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666 @unnumbered Variable Index
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667 @printindex vr
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668
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669 @setchapternewpage odd
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670 @contents
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671 @bye