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annotate lispref/gpl.texi @ 65442:e15ebabafacf
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author | Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk> |
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date | Sat, 10 Sep 2005 22:55:46 +0000 |
parents | e055d02d8b97 |
children | ed43fcb24d07 f9a65d7ebd29 |
rev | line source |
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29113 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @setfilename ../info/gpl | |
3 | |
30904 | 4 @node GPL, Tips, GNU Free Documentation License, Top |
29113 | 5 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
29116 | 6 @appendix GNU General Public License |
29113 | 7 @center Version 2, June 1991 |
8 | |
9 @display | |
10 Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
64092 | 11 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA |
29113 | 12 |
13 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
14 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
15 @end display | |
16 | |
17 @unnumberedsec Preamble | |
18 | |
19 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your | |
20 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public | |
21 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free | |
22 software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This | |
23 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software | |
24 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to | |
25 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by | |
26 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to | |
27 your programs, too. | |
28 | |
29 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not | |
30 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you | |
31 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for | |
32 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it | |
33 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it | |
34 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. | |
35 | |
36 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid | |
37 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. | |
38 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you | |
39 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. | |
40 | |
41 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether | |
42 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that | |
43 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the | |
44 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their | |
45 rights. | |
46 | |
47 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and | |
48 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, | |
49 distribute and/or modify the software. | |
50 | |
51 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain | |
52 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free | |
53 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we | |
54 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so | |
55 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original | |
56 authors' reputations. | |
57 | |
58 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software | |
59 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free | |
60 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the | |
61 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any | |
62 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. | |
63 | |
64 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and | |
65 modification follow. | |
66 | |
67 @iftex | |
29116 | 68 @unnumberedsec Terms and Conditions for Copying, Distribution and Modification |
29113 | 69 @end iftex |
70 @ifinfo | |
71 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION | |
72 @end ifinfo | |
73 | |
74 @enumerate 0 | |
75 @item | |
76 This License applies to any program or other work which contains | |
77 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed | |
78 under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, | |
79 refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' | |
80 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: | |
81 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, | |
82 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another | |
83 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in | |
84 the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. | |
85 | |
86 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not | |
87 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of | |
88 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program | |
89 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the | |
90 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). | |
91 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. | |
92 | |
93 @item | |
94 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's | |
95 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you | |
96 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate | |
97 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the | |
98 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; | |
99 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License | |
100 along with the Program. | |
101 | |
102 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and | |
103 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. | |
104 | |
105 @item | |
106 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion | |
107 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and | |
108 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 | |
109 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: | |
110 | |
111 @enumerate a | |
112 @item | |
113 You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices | |
114 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. | |
115 | |
116 @item | |
117 You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in | |
118 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any | |
119 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third | |
120 parties under the terms of this License. | |
121 | |
122 @item | |
123 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively | |
124 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such | |
125 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an | |
126 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a | |
127 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide | |
128 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under | |
129 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this | |
130 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but | |
131 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on | |
132 the Program is not required to print an announcement.) | |
133 @end enumerate | |
134 | |
135 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If | |
136 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, | |
137 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in | |
138 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those | |
139 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you | |
140 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based | |
141 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of | |
142 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the | |
143 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. | |
144 | |
145 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest | |
146 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to | |
147 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or | |
148 collective works based on the Program. | |
149 | |
150 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program | |
151 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of | |
152 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under | |
153 the scope of this License. | |
154 | |
155 @item | |
156 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, | |
157 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of | |
158 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: | |
159 | |
160 @enumerate a | |
161 @item | |
162 Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable | |
163 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections | |
164 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
165 | |
166 @item | |
167 Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three | |
168 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your | |
169 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete | |
170 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be | |
171 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium | |
172 customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
173 | |
174 @item | |
175 Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer | |
176 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is | |
177 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you | |
178 received the program in object code or executable form with such | |
179 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) | |
180 @end enumerate | |
181 | |
182 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for | |
183 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source | |
184 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any | |
185 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to | |
186 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a | |
187 special exception, the source code distributed need not include | |
188 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary | |
189 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the | |
190 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component | |
191 itself accompanies the executable. | |
192 | |
193 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering | |
194 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent | |
195 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as | |
196 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not | |
197 compelled to copy the source along with the object code. | |
198 | |
199 @item | |
200 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program | |
201 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt | |
202 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is | |
203 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. | |
204 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under | |
205 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
206 parties remain in full compliance. | |
207 | |
208 @item | |
209 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not | |
210 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or | |
211 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are | |
212 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by | |
213 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the | |
214 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and | |
215 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying | |
216 the Program or works based on it. | |
217 | |
218 @item | |
219 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the | |
220 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the | |
221 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to | |
222 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further | |
223 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. | |
224 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to | |
225 this License. | |
226 | |
227 @item | |
228 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent | |
229 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), | |
230 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or | |
231 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not | |
232 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot | |
233 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this | |
234 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you | |
235 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent | |
236 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by | |
237 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then | |
238 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to | |
239 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. | |
240 | |
241 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under | |
242 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to | |
243 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other | |
244 circumstances. | |
245 | |
246 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any | |
247 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any | |
248 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the | |
249 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is | |
250 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made | |
251 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed | |
252 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that | |
253 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing | |
254 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot | |
255 impose that choice. | |
256 | |
257 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to | |
258 be a consequence of the rest of this License. | |
259 | |
260 @item | |
261 If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in | |
262 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the | |
263 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License | |
264 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding | |
265 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among | |
266 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates | |
267 the limitation as if written in the body of this License. | |
268 | |
269 @item | |
270 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions | |
271 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will | |
272 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to | |
273 address new problems or concerns. | |
274 | |
275 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program | |
276 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any | |
277 later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions | |
278 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free | |
279 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of | |
280 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software | |
281 Foundation. | |
282 | |
283 @item | |
284 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free | |
285 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author | |
286 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free | |
287 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes | |
288 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals | |
289 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and | |
290 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. | |
291 | |
292 @iftex | |
293 @heading NO WARRANTY | |
294 @end iftex | |
295 @ifinfo | |
296 @center NO WARRANTY | |
297 @end ifinfo | |
298 | |
299 @item | |
300 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY | |
301 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW@. EXCEPT WHEN | |
302 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES | |
303 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED | |
304 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | |
305 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. THE ENTIRE RISK AS | |
306 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU@. SHOULD THE | |
307 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, | |
308 REPAIR OR CORRECTION. | |
309 | |
310 @item | |
311 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING | |
312 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR | |
313 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, | |
314 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING | |
315 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED | |
316 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY | |
317 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER | |
318 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE | |
319 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. | |
320 @end enumerate | |
321 | |
322 @iftex | |
323 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
324 @end iftex | |
325 @ifinfo | |
326 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
327 @end ifinfo | |
328 | |
329 @page | |
330 @unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs | |
331 | |
332 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest | |
333 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it | |
334 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. | |
335 | |
336 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest | |
337 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively | |
338 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least | |
339 the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. | |
340 | |
341 @smallexample | |
342 @var{one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.} | |
343 Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author} | |
344 | |
345 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | |
346 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License | |
347 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 | |
348 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. | |
349 | |
350 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
351 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
352 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. See the | |
353 GNU General Public License for more details. | |
354 | |
355 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
356 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software | |
64092 | 357 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, |
358 MA 02110-1301, USA. | |
29113 | 359 @end smallexample |
360 | |
361 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. | |
362 | |
363 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this | |
364 when it starts in an interactive mode: | |
365 | |
366 @smallexample | |
367 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author} | |
368 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details | |
369 type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome | |
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370 to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' |
29113 | 371 for details. |
372 @end smallexample | |
373 | |
374 The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show | |
375 the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the | |
376 commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and | |
377 @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever | |
378 suits your program. | |
379 | |
380 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your | |
381 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if | |
382 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: | |
383 | |
384 @smallexample | |
385 @group | |
386 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright | |
387 interest in the program `Gnomovision' | |
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388 (which makes passes at compilers) written |
29113 | 389 by James Hacker. |
390 | |
391 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 | |
392 Ty Coon, President of Vice | |
393 @end group | |
394 @end smallexample | |
395 | |
396 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into | |
397 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may | |
398 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the | |
399 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General | |
400 Public License instead of this License. | |
401 | |
52401 | 402 @ignore |
403 arch-tag: d00ac830-e120-41fb-bbc5-7ca3eeaa227f | |
404 @end ignore |