Mercurial > emacs
annotate etc/refcards/fr-survival.tex @ 103907:e321cbebcec3
(gnus-logo.pdf): Remove rule, since this file is distributed.
author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
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date | Wed, 15 Jul 2009 03:28:05 +0000 |
parents | cbea58d660d2 |
children | 76ec8228b5d8 |
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1 %&tex |
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2 % |
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3 % Title: GNU Emacs Survival Card |
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4 % Author: Wlodek Bzyl <matwb@univ.gda.pl> |
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5 % |
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6 %**start of header |
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7 |
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8 % User interface is `plain.tex' and macros described below |
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9 % |
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10 % \title{CARD TITLE}{for version 21} |
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11 % \section{NAME} |
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12 % optional paragraphs separated with \askip amount of vertical space |
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13 % \key{KEY-NAME} description of key or |
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14 % \mkey{M-x LONG-LISP-NAME} description of Elisp function |
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15 % |
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16 % \kbd{ARG} -- argument is typed literally |
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17 |
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18 \def\plainfmtname{plain} |
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19 \ifx\fmtname\plainfmtname |
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20 \else |
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21 \errmessage{This file requires `plain' format to be typeset correctly} |
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22 \endinput |
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23 \fi |
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24 |
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25 % PDF output layout. 0 for A4, 1 for letter (US), a `l' is added for |
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26 % a landscape layout. |
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27 |
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28 \input pdflayout.sty |
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29 \pdflayout=(0) |
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30 |
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31 % Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, |
100972 | 32 % 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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33 |
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34 % This file is part of GNU Emacs. |
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35 |
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36 % GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
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37 % it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
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38 % the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
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39 % (at your option) any later version. |
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40 |
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41 % GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
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42 % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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43 % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
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44 % GNU General Public License for more details. |
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45 |
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46 % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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47 % along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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48 |
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49 % Translated to french by \'Eric Jacoboni <jaco@teaser.fr> in November 2001 |
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50 |
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51 \def\versionnumber{1.0} |
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52 \def\versionemacs{23} |
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53 \def\versiondate{Avril 2000} % latest update |
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54 \def\year{2009} % latest copyright year |
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55 |
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56 \def\copyrightnotice{\penalty-1\vfill |
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57 \vbox{\smallfont\baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip\raggedcenter |
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58 Copyright \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.\break |
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59 Version \versionnumber{} pour GNU Emacs \versionemacs, \versiondate\break |
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60 Auteur W{\l}odek Bzyl (matwb@univ.gda.pl)\break |
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61 Traduction fran\c{c}aise \'Eric Jacoboni (jaco@teaser.fr) |
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62 |
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63 Vous pouvez faire et distribuer des copies de cette carte, pourvu |
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64 que la note de copyright, ainsi que cette notice soient |
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65 pr\'eserv\'ees sur toutes les copies.\par}} |
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66 |
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67 \hsize 3.2in |
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68 \vsize 7.95in |
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69 \font\titlefont=cmss10 scaled 1200 |
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70 \font\headingfont=cmss10 |
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71 \font\smallfont=cmr6 |
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72 \font\smallsy=cmsy6 |
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73 \font\eightrm=cmr8 |
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74 \font\eightbf=cmbx8 |
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75 \font\eightit=cmti8 |
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76 \font\eighttt=cmtt8 |
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77 \font\eightmi=cmmi8 |
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78 \font\eightsy=cmsy8 |
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79 \font\eightss=cmss8 |
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80 \textfont0=\eightrm |
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81 \textfont1=\eightmi |
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82 \textfont2=\eightsy |
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83 \def\rm{\eightrm} \rm |
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84 \def\bf{\eightbf} |
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85 \def\it{\eightit} |
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86 \def\tt{\eighttt} |
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87 \def\ss{\eightss} |
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88 \baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip |
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89 |
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90 \newdimen\intercolumnskip % horizontal space between columns |
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91 \intercolumnskip=0.5in |
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92 |
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93 % The TeXbook, p. 257 |
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94 \let\lr=L \newbox\leftcolumn |
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95 \output={\if L\lr |
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96 \global\setbox\leftcolumn\columnbox \global\let\lr=R |
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97 \else |
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98 \doubleformat \global\let\lr=L\fi} |
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99 \def\doubleformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline |
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100 \leftline{\box\leftcolumn\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox} |
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101 \makefootline} |
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102 \advancepageno} |
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103 \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} |
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104 |
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105 \def\newcolumn{\vfil\eject} |
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106 |
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107 \def\bye{\par\vfil\supereject |
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108 \if R\lr \null\vfil\eject\fi |
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109 \end} |
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110 |
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111 \outer\def\title#1#2{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus 0.5ex |
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112 \centerline{\ss#2} |
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113 \vskip2\baselineskip} |
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114 |
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115 \outer\def\section#1{\filbreak |
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116 \bskip |
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117 \leftline{\headingfont #1} |
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118 \askip} |
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119 \def\bskip{\vskip 2.5ex plus 0.25ex } |
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120 \def\askip{\vskip 0.75ex plus 0.25ex} |
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121 |
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122 \newdimen\defwidth \defwidth=0.25\hsize |
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123 \def\hang{\hangindent\defwidth} |
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124 |
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125 \def\textindent#1{\noindent\llap{\hbox to \defwidth{\tt#1\hfil}}\ignorespaces} |
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126 \def\key{\par\hangafter=0\hang\textindent} |
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127 |
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128 \def\mtextindent#1{\noindent\hbox{\tt#1\quad}\ignorespaces} |
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129 \def\mkey{\par\hangafter=1\hang\mtextindent} |
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130 |
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131 \def\kbd#{\bgroup\tt \let\next= } |
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132 |
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133 \newdimen\raggedstretch |
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134 \newskip\raggedparfill \raggedparfill=0pt plus 1fil |
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135 \def\nohyphens |
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136 {\hyphenpenalty10000\exhyphenpenalty10000\pretolerance10000} |
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137 \def\raggedspaces |
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138 {\spaceskip=0.3333em\relax |
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139 \xspaceskip=0.5em\relax} |
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140 \def\raggedright |
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141 {\raggedstretch=6em |
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142 \nohyphens |
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143 \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch |
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144 \raggedspaces |
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145 \parfillskip=\raggedparfill |
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146 \relax} |
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147 \def\raggedcenter |
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148 {\raggedstretch=6em |
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149 \nohyphens |
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150 \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch |
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151 \leftskip=\rightskip |
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152 \raggedspaces |
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153 \parfillskip=0pt |
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154 \relax} |
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155 |
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156 \chardef\\=`\\ |
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157 |
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158 \raggedright |
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159 \nopagenumbers |
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160 \parindent 0pt |
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161 \interlinepenalty=10000 |
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162 \hoffset -0.2in |
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163 %\voffset 0.2in |
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164 |
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165 %**end of header |
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166 |
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167 |
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168 \title{Carte de survie pour GNU\ \ Emacs}{version \versionemacs} |
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169 |
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170 Dans ce qui suit, \kbd{C-z} signifie qu'il faut appuyer sur la touche |
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171 `\kbd{z}' tout en maintenant la touche {\it Ctrl}\ \ |
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172 press\'ee. \kbd{M-z} signifie qu'il faut appuyer sur la touche |
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173 `\kbd{z}' tout en maintenant la touche {\it Meta\/} (marqu\'ee {\it Alt\/} |
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174 sur certains claviers) ou apr\`es avoir press\'e la touche {\it Echap\/} key. |
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175 |
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176 \section{Lancement de Emacs} |
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177 |
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178 Pour lancer GNU Emacs, il suffit de taper son nom~: \kbd{emacs}. |
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179 Emacs divise son cadre en plusieurs parties~: |
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180 une ligne de menu, |
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181 une zone tampon contenant le texte \'edit\'e, |
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182 une ligne de mode d\'ecrivant le tampon de la fenêtre au-dessus d'elle, |
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183 et un mini-tampon/zone d'\'echo sur la derni\`ere ligne. |
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184 \askip |
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185 \key{C-x C-c} quitte Emacs |
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186 \key{C-x C-f} \'edite une fichier~; cette commande utilise le |
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187 mini-tampon pour lire le nom du fichier~; utilisez-la pour cr\'eer de |
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188 nouveaux fichiers en entrant le nom du fichier \`a cr\'eer |
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189 \key{C-x C-s} sauve le fichier |
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190 \key{C-x k} supprime un tampon |
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191 \key{C-g} dans la plupart des contextes~: annule, stoppe, avorte une |
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192 commande en cours d'ex\'ecution ou de saisie |
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193 \key{C-x u} annule |
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194 |
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195 \section{D\'eplacements} |
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196 |
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197 \key{C-l} place la ligne courante au centre de la fen\^etre |
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198 \key{C-x b} bascule dans un autre tampon |
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199 \key{M-<} va au d\'ebut du tampon |
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200 \key{M->} va \`a la fin du tampon |
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201 \key{M-x goto-line} va \`a la ligne indiqu\'ee |
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202 |
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203 \section{Fen\^etres multiples} |
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204 |
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205 \key{C-x 0} \^ote la fen\^etre courante de l'affichage |
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206 \key{C-x 1} ne conserve que la fen\^etre active |
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207 \key{C-x 2} divise la fen\^etre dans le sens de la hauteur |
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208 \key{C-x 3} divise la fen\^etre dans le sens de la largeur |
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209 \key{C-x o} va dans une autre fen\^etre |
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210 |
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211 \section{R\'egions} |
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212 |
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213 Emacs d\'efinit une 'r\'egion' comme l'espace entre la {\it marque\/} et |
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214 le {\it point}. On positionne une marque avec \kbd{C-{\it espace}}. |
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215 Le point est la position courante du curseur. |
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216 \askip |
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217 \key{M-h} marque le paragraphe entier |
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218 \key{C-x h} marque le tampon entier |
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219 |
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220 \section{Suppression et copie} |
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221 |
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222 \key{C-w} supprime la r\'egion |
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223 \key{M-w} copie la r\'egion dans le 'kill-ring' |
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224 \key{C-k} supprime du curseur jusqu'\`a la fin de la ligne |
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225 \key{M-DEL} supprime le mot |
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226 \key{C-y} restaure la derni\`ere suppression (la combinaison \kbd{C-w |
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227 C-y} sert \`a se d\'eplacer dans le texte) |
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228 \key{M-y} remplace la derni\`ere restauration avec la suppression pr\'ec\'edente |
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229 |
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230 \section{Recherche} |
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231 |
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232 \key{C-s} recherche une cha\^\i{}ne |
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233 \key{C-r} recherche une cha\^\i{}ne vers l'arri\`ere |
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234 \key{RET} quitte la recherche |
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235 \key{M-C-s} recherche par expression rationnelle |
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236 \key{M-C-r} recherche par expression rationnelle vers l'arri\`ere |
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237 \askip |
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238 R\'ep\'etez \kbd{C-s} ou \kbd{C-r} pour renouveler une recherche dans une |
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239 des deux directions. |
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240 |
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241 \section{Marqueurs} |
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242 |
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243 Les fichiers de tableaux de marqueurs enregistrent les emplacements des |
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244 d\'efinitions de fonctions ou de proc\'edures, des variables globales, des |
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245 types de donn\'ees et de tout ce qui peut \^etre pratique. Pour cr\'eer un |
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246 tel fichier, tapez `{\tt etags} {\it fichier\_entr\'ee}' \`a l'invite du shell. |
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247 \askip |
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248 \key{M-.} trouve une d\'efinition |
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249 \key{C-u M-.} trouve l'occurrence suivante de la d\'efinition |
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250 \key{M-*} revient o\`u \kbd{M-.} a \'et\'e appel\'e pour la derni\`ere fois |
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251 \mkey{M-x tags-query-replace} lance query-replace sur tous les |
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252 fichiers enregistr\'es dans le tableau des marqueurs |
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253 \key{M-,} continue la derni\`ere recherche de marqueurs ou le dernier |
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254 query-replace |
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255 |
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256 \section{Compilation} |
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257 |
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258 \key{M-x compile} compile le code situ\'e dans la fen\^etre active |
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259 \key{C-c C-c} va \`a l'erreur de compilation suivante, lorsque l'on est |
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260 dans la fen\^etre de compilation, ou |
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261 \key{C-x `} lorsque l'on est dans la fen\^etre du code source |
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262 |
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263 \section{Dired, l'\'editeur de r\'epertoires} |
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264 |
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265 \key{C-x d} appelle Dired |
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266 \key{d} marque ce fichier pour une suppression |
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267 \key{\~{}} marque tous les fichiers de sauvegarde pour leur suppression |
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268 \key{u} supprime la marque de suppression |
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269 \key{x} supprime les fichiers marqu\'es pour suppression |
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270 \key{C} copie le fichier |
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271 \key{g} met \`a jour le tampon de Dired |
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272 \key{f} visite le fichier d\'ecrit sur la ligne courante |
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273 \key{s} bascule entre ordre alphab\'etique et ordre date/heure |
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274 |
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275 \section{Lecture et envoi de courrier} |
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276 |
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277 \key{M-x rmail} d\'emarre la lecture du courrier |
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278 \key{q} quitte la lecture du courrier |
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279 \key{h} montre les ent\^etes |
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280 \key{d} marque le message courant pour suppression |
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281 \key{x} supprime tous les messages marqu\'es pour suppression |
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282 |
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283 \key{C-x m} d\'ebute la composition d'un message |
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284 \key{C-c C-c} envoie le message et bascule dans un autre tampon |
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285 \key{C-c C-f C-c} va \`a l'ent\^ete `CC', en cr\'ee un s'il n'existe pas |
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286 |
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287 \section{Divers} |
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288 |
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289 \key{M-q} formate le paragraphe |
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290 \key{M-/} expanse dynamiquement le mot pr\'ec\'edent |
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291 \key{C-z} iconifie (suspend) Emacs lorsqu'il s'ex\'ecute sous X ou |
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292 sous un shell, respectivement |
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293 \mkey{M-x revert-buffer} remplace le texte en cours d'\'edition par le |
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294 texte du fichier sur disque |
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295 |
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296 \section{Remplacement interactif} |
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297 |
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298 \key{M-\%} cherche et remplace interactivement |
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299 \key{M-C-\%} utilise les expressions rationnelles |
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300 \askip |
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301 Les r\'eponses correctes dans le mode query-replace sont : |
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302 \askip |
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303 \key{SPC} remplace celui-ci, passe au suivant |
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304 \key{,} remplace ce celui-ci, pas de d\'eplacement |
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305 \key{DEL} passe au suivant sans remplacer celui-ci |
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306 \key{!} remplace toutes les occurrences suivantes |
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307 \key{\^{}} revient \`a l'occurrence pr\'ec\'edente |
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308 \key{RET} quitte query-replace |
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309 \key{C-r} entre en \'edition r\'ecursive (\kbd{M-C-c} pour en sortir) |
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310 |
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311 \section{Expressions rationnelles} |
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312 |
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313 \key{. {\rm(point)}} n'importe quel caract\`ere unique, sauf la fin de ligne |
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314 \key{*} z\'ero r\'ep\'etition ou plus |
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315 \key{+} une r\'ep\'etition ou plus |
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316 \key{?} z\'ero ou une r\'ep\'etition |
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317 \key{[$\ldots$]} repr\'esente une classe de caract\`eres |
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318 \key{[\^{}$\ldots$]} compl\'emente la classe |
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319 |
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320 \key{\\{\it c}} prot\`ege les caract\`eres qui, sinon, auraient une |
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321 signification sp\'eciale dans les expressions rationnelles. |
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322 |
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323 \key{$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$} correspond \`a une |
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324 alternative (``ou'') . |
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325 \key{\\( $\ldots$ \\)} groupe une suite d'\'el\'ements de motif pour |
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326 former un \'el\'ement unique. |
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327 \key{\\{\it n}} le m\^eme texte que le {\it n\/}i\`eme groupe. |
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328 |
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329 \key{\^{}} correspond au d\'ebut de ligne |
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330 \key{\$} correspond \`a la fin de ligne |
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331 |
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332 \key{\\w} correspond \`a un caract\`ere de mot |
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333 \key{\\W} correspond \`a ce qui n'est pas un caract\`ere mot |
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334 \key{\\<} correspond au d\'ebut d'un mot |
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335 \key{\\>} correspond \`a la fin d'un mot |
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336 \key{\\b} correspond \`a une coupure de mot |
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337 \key{\\B} correspond \`a ce qui n'est pas une une coupure de mot |
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338 |
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339 \section{Registres} |
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340 |
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341 \key{C-x r s} sauve la r\'egion dans un registre |
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342 \key{C-x r i} ins\`ere le contenu d'un registre dans le tampon |
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343 |
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344 \key{C-x r SPC} sauve la valeur du point dans un registre |
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345 \key{C-x r j} va au point sauvegard\'e dans un registre |
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346 |
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347 \section{Rectangles} |
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348 |
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349 \key{C-x r r} copie le rectangle dans un registre |
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350 \key{C-x r k} supprime le rectangle |
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351 \key{C-x r y} restaure le rectangle |
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352 \key{C-x r t} pr\'efixe chaque ligne d'une cha\^\i{}ne |
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353 |
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354 \key{C-x r o} ouvre un rectangle en d\'ecalant le texte vers la droite |
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355 \key{C-x r c} vide le rectangle |
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356 |
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357 \section{Shells} |
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358 |
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359 \key{M-x shell} lance un shell dans Emacs |
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360 \key{M-!} ex\'ecute une commande dans un shell |
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361 \key{M-|} lance une commande shell sur la r\'egion |
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362 \key{C-u M-|} filtre la r\'egion via une commande shell |
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363 |
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364 \section{V\'erification orthographique} |
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365 |
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366 \key{M-\$} v\'erifie l'orthographe du mot sous le curseur |
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367 \mkey{M-x ispell-region} v\'erifie l'orthographe de tous les mots de la r\'egion |
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368 \mkey{M-x ispell-buffer} v\'erifie l'orthographe de tout le tampon |
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369 |
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370 \section{Jeux de caract\`eres internationaux} |
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371 |
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372 \key{C-x RET C-\\} s\'electionne et active une m\'ethode d'entr\'ee pour le |
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373 tampon courant |
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374 \key{C-\\} active ou d\'esactive la m\'ethode d'entr\'ee |
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375 \mkey{M-x list-input-methods} affiche toutes les m\'ethodes d'entr\'ee |
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376 \mkey{M-x set-language-environment} pr\'ecise la langue principale |
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377 |
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378 \key{C-x RET c} fixe le syst\`eme de codage pour la commande suivante |
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379 \mkey{M-x find-file-literally} visite un fichier sans aucune conversion |
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380 |
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381 \mkey{M-x list-coding-systems} affiche tous les syst\`emes de codage |
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382 \mkey{M-x prefer-coding-system} choisit le syst\`eme de codage pr\'ef\'er\'e |
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383 |
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384 \section{Macros clavier} |
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385 |
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386 \key{C-x (} lance la d\'efinition d'une macro clavier |
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387 \key{C-x )} termine la d\'efinition d'une macro clavier |
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388 \key{C-x e} ex\'ecute la derni\`ere macro clavier d\'efinie |
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389 \key{C-u C-x (} ajoute \`a la derni\`ere macro clavier |
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390 \mkey{M-x name-last-kbd-macro} donne un nom \`a la derni\`ere macro clavier |
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391 |
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392 \section{Personnalisation simple} |
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393 |
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394 \key{M-x customize} personnalise les variables et les fontes |
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395 |
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396 \section{Obtenir de l'aide} |
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397 |
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398 Emacs effectue pour vous la compl\'etion des commandes. En faisant \kbd{M-x} |
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399 {\it tab\/} ou {\it espace\/}, vous obtiendrez une liste des commandes |
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400 Emacs. |
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401 \askip |
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402 \key{C-h} aide d'Emacs |
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403 \key{C-h t} lance le didacticiel d'Emacs |
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404 \key{C-h i} lance Info, le navigateur de documentations |
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405 \key{C-h a} affiche les commandes correspondant \`a une cha\^\i{}ne (apropos) |
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406 \key{C-h k} affiche la documentation de la fonction appel\'ee par la |
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407 combinaison de touches |
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408 \askip |
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409 Emacs utilise diff\'erents {\it modes}, chacun d'eux personnalisant |
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410 Emacs pour l'\'edition de textes de diff\'erents types. La ligne de mode |
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411 contient entre parenth\`eses le nom des modes en cours. |
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412 \askip |
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413 \key{C-h m} affiche les informations sp\'ecifiques au mode en cours |
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414 |
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415 \copyrightnotice |
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416 |
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417 \bye |
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418 |
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419 % Local variables: |
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420 % compile-command: "pdftex survival" |
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421 % End: |
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422 |
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423 % arch-tag: 2fb4e93f-8bfa-4ab4-bc6d-b475131d766a |