annotate etc/refcards/fr-refcard.tex @ 99501:e3acb52d33e1

2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-yank): Make any prefix force normal yanking. Suppress folding if text would be swallowed into a folded subtree. (org-yank-folded-subtrees, org-yank): Docstring updates. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-compare-effort): Treat no effort defined as 0. * org-exp.el (org-export-language-setup): Add Catalan and Esperanto language entries. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-refile): Allow refiling of entire regions. * org-clock.el (org-clock-time%): New function. * org.el (org-entry-get, org-entry-delete): Use safer regexps to retrieve property values. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-list): Handle the value `only' of org-agenda-show-log'. (org-agenda-log-mode): Interpret a double prefix arg. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-exp.el (org-export-html-footnotes-section): New variable. (org-export-as-html): Use `org-export-html-footnotes-section' to insert the footnotes. (org-export-language-setup): Add "Footnotes" to language words. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-yank): Fix bug when not inserting a subtree. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-vm.el (org-vm-follow-link): Call `vm-preview-current-message' instead of `vm-beginning-of-message'. * org.el (org-make-link-regexps): Make sure that links to gnus can contain brackets. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-attach.el (org-attach-dir): Remove duplicate ID creation code. * org-id.el (org-id-new): Use `org-trim' to extract the uuid from shell output. * org.el (org-link-abbrev-alist): Improve customization type. * org-attach.el (org-attach-expand-link, org-attach-expand): New functions. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-get-progress): Renamed from `org-get-closed'. Implement searching for state changes as well. (org-agenda-log-mode-items): New option. (org-agenda-log-mode): New option prefix argument, interpreted as request to show all possible progress info. (org-agenda-get-day-entries): Call `org-get-progress' instead of `org-get-closed'. (org-agenda-set-mode-name): Handle the more complex log mode settings. (org-get-closed): New alias, pointing to `org-get-progress'. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-file-apps-defaults-gnu) (org-file-apps-defaults-macosx) (org-file-apps-defaults-windowsnt): Add an entry defining the system command. (org-file-apps): Allow `system' as key and value. (org-open-at-point): Explain the effect of a double prefix arg. (org-open-file): If the argument `in-emacs' is (16), i.e. corresponding to a double prefix argument, try to open the file externally. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-insert-link): Abbreviate absolute files names in links. Also, fix a bug in which the double C-u prefix would not be honored. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-insert-heading): If buffer does not end with a newline, add one if necessary to insert headline correctly. * org-exp.el (org-export-as-html): Make sure that <hr/> is between paragraphs, not inside. * org.el (org-todo): Quote `org-agenda-headline-snapshot-before-repeat'. * org-exp.el (org-export-as-html): Fully process link descriptions. (org-export-html-format-desc): New function. (org-export-as-html): Collect footnotes into the correct basket. (org-html-protect): No longer protect quotations marks here, this goes wrong. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-remove-marked-text): Bind variable BEG. * org-compat.el (org-fit-window-to-buffer): New function (not really, a preliminary and incomplete version was present earlier, but not used). * org.el (org-fast-todo-selection, org-fast-tag-selection): Use `org-fit-window-to-buffer'. * org-exp.el (org-export): Use `org-fit-window-to-buffer'. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-get-restriction-and-command) (org-fit-agenda-window, org-agenda-convert-date): Use `org-fit-window-to-buffer'. * org-exp.el (org-export-as-html): Process href links through `org-export-html-format-href'. (org-export-html-format-href): New function. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-todo): Update only the current headline if this is a repeated TODO, marked done for today. (org-agenda-change-all-lines): New argument JUST-THIS, to change only the current line. * org.el (org-todo): Take a snapshot of the headline if the repeater might change it. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-publish.el (org-publish-find-title): Remove buffers visited only for extracting the title. * org-exp.el (org-export-html-style) (org-export-html-style-default): Mark style definitions as unparsed CDATA. * org-publish.el (org-publish-validate-link): Function re-introduced. 2008-11-12 Charles Sebold <[e-mail]> * org-plot.el (org-plot/add-options-to-plist): Supports timefmt property. (org-plot-quote-timestamp-field): New function. (org-plot-quote-tsv-field): Call timestamp field function when necessary rather than just quoting as a string. (org-plot/gnuplot-to-data): Pass in timefmt property. (org-plot/gnuplot-script): Supports timefmt property. (org-plot/gnuplot): Checks for timestamp column before checking for text index column. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-insert-heading): Improve behavior with hidden subtrees. * org-publish.el (org-publish-org-index): Create a section in the index file. (org-publish-org-index): Stop linking to directories. * org.el (org-emphasis-alist): Use span instead of <u> to underline text. * org-exp.el (org-export-as-html): Make sure <p> is closed before <pre> sections. 2008-11-12 Sebastian Rose <[e-mail]> * org-jsinfo.el (org-infojs-template): Remove language attribute from script tag. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-remove-marked-text): New function. (org-agenda-mark-filtered-text) (org-agenda-unmark-filtered-text): New functions. (org-write-agenda): Remove fltered text. * org.el (org-make-tags-matcher): Give access to TODO "property" without speed penalty. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-link-frame-setup): Add `org-gnus-no-new-news' as an option. (org-store-link-props): Make sure adding to the plist works correctly. * org-gnus.el (org-gnus-no-new-news): New function. (org-gnus-follow-link): Allow the article ID to be a message-id, in addition to allowing article numbers. Message IDs make much more roubust links. (org-gnus-store-link): Use message-id to create link. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-emphasize): Reverse the selection array. (org-emphasis-alist): Set <code> tags for the verbatim environment. * org-remember.el (org-remember-handler): Fix bug with prefix-related changing of the note storage target. * org-exp.el (org-print-icalendar-entries): Make the exported priorities compatible with RFC 2445. * org-clock.el (org-clock-save): Insert time stamp without dependence on time-stamp.el. 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el ("saveplace"): If saveplace puts point into an invisible location, make it visible. (org-make-tags-matcher): Allow inactive time stamps in time comparisons. (org-yank-adjusted-subtrees): New option. (org-yank): Incorporate adjusting trees. (org-paste-subtree): New argument FOR-YANK which will cause insertion at point without backing up over white lines, and leave point at the end of the inserted text. Also if the cursor is at the beginning of a headline, use the same level or the inserted tree. * org-publish.el (org-publish-get-base-files-1): Deal correctly with broken symlinks 2008-11-12 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-exp.el (org-export-select-tags, org-get-current-options): Fix typo.

% Reference Card for GNU Emacs version 22 on Unix systems
%**start of header
\newcount\columnsperpage

% This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page (see below).
% Specify how many you want here.

\columnsperpage=3

% PDF output layout.  0 for A4, 1 for Letter (US), a `l' is added for
% a landscape layout.

\input pdflayout.sty
\pdflayout=(0l)

% Nothing else needs to be changed below this line.
% Copyright (C) 1987, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
%   2005, 2006, 2007, 2008  Free Software Foundation, Inc.

% This file is part of GNU Emacs.

% GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
% (at your option) any later version.

% GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
% GNU General Public License for more details.

% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
% along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

% This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82).
%
% The final reference card has six columns, three on each side.
% This file can be used to produce it in any of three ways:
% 1 column per page
%    produces six separate pages, each of which needs to be reduced to 80%.
%    This gives the best resolution.
% 2 columns per page
%    produces three already-reduced pages.
%    You will still need to cut and paste.
% 3 columns per page
%    produces two pages which must be printed sideways to make a
%    ready-to-use 8.5 x 11 inch reference card.
%    For this you need a dvi device driver that can print sideways.
% Which mode to use is controlled by setting \columnsperpage above.
%
% To compile and print this document:
% tex fr-refcard.tex
% dvips -t landscape fr-refcard.dvi
%

% Author:
%  Stephen Gildea
%  Internet: [e-mail]
%
% Thanks to Paul Rubin, Bob Chassell, Len Tower, and Richard Mlynarik
% for their many good ideas.

% If there were room, it would be nice to see a section on Dired.

\def\versionnumber{2.3}
\def\versionemacs{22}
\def\versionyear{2007}          % latest update
\def\year{2008}                 % latest copyright year

\def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill
  \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  Permissions au dos.  v\versionnumber}}

\def\copyrightnotice{
\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small
\centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.}
\centerline{v\versionnumber{} pour GNU Emacs version \versionemacs,
  \versionyear}
\centerline{conception de Stephen Gildea}
\centerline{traduction fran\c{c}aise de Micha\"el Cadilhac}
% previously: Eric Jacoboni

Vous pouvez faire et distribuer des copies de cette carte, modifiée ou
non, pourvu que la note de copyright et cette note de permission
soient conserv\'ees sur toutes les copies.

Pour des copies du manuel GNU Emacs, \'ecrivez \`a la Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
02110-1301 USA.

\endgroup}

% make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below
% can be scanned without complaint.
\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end}

\newdimen\intercolumnskip       %horizontal space between columns
\newbox\columna                 %boxes to hold columns already built
\newbox\columnb

\def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage}

\message{[\ncolumns\space
  column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]}

\def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1}

% This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea October 1986.
% Note that the 1-column format is fontfamily-independent.
\if 1\ncolumns                  %one-column format uses normal size
  \hsize 4in
  \vsize 10in
  \voffset -.7in
  \font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3
  \font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2
  \font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm
  \font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy

  \footline{\hss\folio}
  \def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}}
\else                           %2 or 3 columns uses prereduced size
  \hsize 3.2in
  \vsize 7.95in
%  \hoffset -.75in
  \hoffset -.49in
%  \voffset -.745in
  \voffset -.84in
  \font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2
  \font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1
  \font\smallfont=cmr6
  \font\smallsy=cmsy6
  \font\eightrm=cmr8
  \font\eightbf=cmbx8
  \font\eightit=cmti8
  \font\eighttt=cmtt8
  \font\eightmi=cmmi8
  \font\eightsy=cmsy8
  \textfont0=\eightrm
  \textfont1=\eightmi
  \textfont2=\eightsy
  \def\rm{\eightrm}
  \def\bf{\eightbf}
  \def\it{\eightit}
  \def\tt{\eighttt}
  \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip
  \normallineskip=.8\normallineskip
  \normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit
  \normalbaselines\rm           %make definitions take effect

  \if 2\ncolumns
    \let\maxcolumn=b
    \footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss}
    \def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}}
  \else \if 3\ncolumns
    \let\maxcolumn=c
    \nopagenumbers
  \else
    \errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.}
    \errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page}
  \fi\fi

  \intercolumnskip=.46in
  \def\abc{a}
  \output={%                    %see The TeXbook page 257
      % This next line is useful when designing the layout.
      %\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark}
      \if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a}
      \else\if a\abc
        \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b}
        %% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode)
        \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{}
      \else
        \global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi}
  \def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline
      \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip
        \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}
      \makefootline}\advancepageno}
  \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}

  \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject
    \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
    \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
    \end}
\fi

% we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters
% we might want to talk about
\catcode`\^=12
\catcode`\_=12

\chardef\\=`\\
\chardef\{=`\{
\chardef\}=`\}

\hyphenation{mini-tam-pon}

\parindent 0pt
\parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex

\def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip}

% newcolumn - force a new column.  Use sparingly, probably only for
% the first column of a page, which should have a title anyway.
\outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject}

% title - page title.  Argument is title text.
\outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex}

% section - new major section.  Argument is section name.
\outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak
  \vskip 2ex plus 1.5ex minus 2.5ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}%
  \vskip 1.5ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex}

\newdimen\keyindent

% beginindentedkeys...endindentedkeys - key definitions will be
% indented, but running text, typically used as headings to group
% definitions, will not.
\def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em}
\def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em}
\endindentedkeys

% paralign - begin paragraph containing an alignment.
% If an \halign is entered while in vertical mode, a parskip is never
% inserted.  Using \paralign instead of \halign solves this problem.
\def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign}

% \<...> - surrounds a variable name in a code example
\def\<#1>{{\it #1\/}}

% kbd - argument is characters typed literally.  Like the Texinfo command.
\def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null}        %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows

% beginexample...endexample - surrounds literal text, such a code example.
% typeset in a typewriter font with line breaks preserved
\def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup
  \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt\tolerance=10000}
{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
\def\endexample{\endgroup}

% key - definition of a key.
% \key{description of key}{key-name}
% prints the description left-justified, and the key-name in a \kbd
% form near the right margin.
\def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop
  {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em
  \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}}

\newbox\metaxbox
\setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }}
\newdimen\metaxwidth
\metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox

% metax - definition of a M-x command.
% \metax{description of command}{M-x command-name}
% Tries to justify the beginning of the command name at the same place
% as \key starts the key name.  (The "M-x " sticks out to the left.)
% Note: was \hsize=.74, but changed to avoid overflow in some places.
\def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize
  {\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}%
  \hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil
  \kbd{#2}\hfil}}

% threecol - like "key" but with two key names.
% for example, one for doing the action backward, and one for forward.
\def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\hfil\quad
  &\kbd{#3}\hfil\quad\cr}

%**end of header


\title{Carte de r\'ef\'erence de GNU Emacs}

\centerline{(pour la version \versionemacs)}

\section{Lancer Emacs}

Pour lancer GNU Emacs \versionemacs, tapez juste son nom : \kbd{emacs}.

\section{Quitter Emacs}

\key{Suspendre Emacs (ou l'iconifier sous X)}{C-z}
\key{Quitter d\'efinitivement Emacs}{C-x C-c}

\section{Fichiers}

\key{{\bf Lire} un fichier}{C-x C-f}
\key{{\bf Sauvegarder} un fichier}{C-x C-s}
\key{Sauvegarder {\bf tous} les fichiers}{C-x s}
\key{{\bf Ins\'erer} un fichier sous le point (curseur)}{C-x i}
\key{Remplacer le fichier par un autre fichier}{C-x C-v}
\key{Sauvegarder sous un autre nom de fichier}{C-x C-w}
\key{Basculer en mode lecture seule}{C-x C-q}

\section{Obtenir de l'aide}

Le syst\`eme d'aide est simple. Faites \kbd{C-h} (ou \kbd{F1}) et
suivez les instructions. Si vous d\'ebutez, faites \kbd{C-h t} pour un
{\bf didacticiel}.

\key{Supprimer la fen\^etre d'aide}{C-x 1}
\key{Faire d\'efiler la fen\^etre d'aide}{C-M-v}

\key{Rechercher des commandes selon une cha\^\i{}ne}{C-h a}
\key{D\'ecrire la fonction associ\'ee \`a une touche}{C-h k}
\key{D\'ecrire une fonction}{C-h f}
\key{Obtenir des informations relatives au mode}{C-h m}

\section{R\'ecup\'eration sur erreur}

\key{{\bf Abandonner} une commande}{C-g}
\metax{{\bf R\'ecup\'erer} les fichiers apr\`es un crash}{M-x recover-session}
\metax{{\bf Annuler} une modification}{C-x u, C-_ {\rm ou} C-/}
\metax{Annuler toutes les modifications}{M-x revert-buffer}
\key{R\'eafficher un \'ecran perturb\'e}{C-l}

\section{Recherche incr\'ementale}

\key{Rechercher en avant}{C-s}
\key{Rechercher en arri\`ere}{C-r}
\key{Rechercher en avant (expression rationnelle)}{C-M-s}
\key{Rechercher en arri\`ere (expression rationnelle)}{C-M-r}

\key{Utiliser la cha\^\i{}ne de recherche pr\'ec\'edente}{M-p}
\key{Utiliser la cha\^\i{}ne de recherche suivante}{M-n}
\key{Quitter la recherche incr\'ementale}{RET}
\key{Annuler l'effet du dernier caract\`ere}{DEL}
\key{Annuler la recherche en cours}{C-g}

Refaites \kbd{C-s} ou \kbd{C-r} pour r\'ep\'eter la recherche dans une
des directions.
En cours de recherche, \kbd{C-g} efface les derniers caract\`eres et
ne conserve que le pr\'efixe d\'ej\`a trouv\'e.

\shortcopyrightnotice

\section{D\'eplacements}

\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
\threecol{{\bf Objet sur lequel se d\'eplacer}}{{\bf En
    arri\`ere}}{{\bf En avant}}
\threecol{Caract\`ere}{C-b}{C-f}
\threecol{Mot}{M-b}{M-f}
\threecol{Ligne}{C-p}{C-n}
\threecol{Aller en d\'ebut/fin de la ligne}{C-a}{C-e}
\threecol{Phrase}{M-a}{M-e}
\threecol{Paragraphe}{M-\{}{M-\}}
\threecol{Page}{C-x [}{C-x ]}
\threecol{S-expression}{C-M-b}{C-M-f}
\threecol{Fonction}{C-M-a}{C-M-e}
\threecol{Aller en d\'ebut/fin du tampon}{M-<}{M->}
}

\key{Passer \`a l'\'ecran suivant}{C-v}
\key{Passer \`a l'\'ecran pr\'ec\'edent}{M-v}
\key{Faire d\'efiler l'\'ecran vers la gauche}{C-x <}
\key{Faire d\'efiler l'\'ecran vers la droite}{C-x >}
\key{Placer la ligne courante au centre de l'\'ecran}{C-u C-l}

\section{D\'etruire et supprimer}

\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
\threecol{{\bf Objet \`a supprimer}}{{\bf En arri\`ere}}{{\bf En avant}}
\threecol{Caract\`ere (suppression)}{DEL}{C-d}
\threecol{Mot}{M-DEL}{M-d}
\threecol{Ligne (jusqu'au d\'ebut/fin)}{M-0 C-k}{C-k}
\threecol{Phrase}{C-x DEL}{M-k}
\threecol{S-expression}{M-- C-M-k}{C-M-k}
}

\key{D\'etruire une {\bf r\'egion}}{C-w}
\key{Copier une r\'egion dans le {\it kill ring}}{M-w}
\key{D\'etruire jusqu'\`a l'occurrence suivante de {\it car}}{M-z {\it car}}

\key{R\'ecup\'erer la derni\`ere r\'egion d\'etruite}{C-y}
\key{R\'ecup\'erer la r\'egion d\'etruite pr\'ec\'edente}{M-y}

\section{Marquer}

\key{Placer la marque au point}{C-@ {\rm ou} C-SPC}
\key{\'Echanger le point et la marque}{C-x C-x}

\key{Placer la marque un {\bf mot} plus loin}{M-@}
\key{Marquer le {\bf paragraphe}}{M-h}
\key{Marquer la {\bf page}}{C-x C-p}
\key{Marquer la {\bf s-expression}}{C-M-@}
\key{Marquer la {\bf fonction}}{C-M-h}
\key{Marquer tout le {\bf tampon}}{C-x h}

\section{Remplacement interactif}

\key{Remplacer une cha\^\i{}ne de texte}{M-\%}
% query-replace-regexp est liee a C-M-% mais on ne peut pas le
% taper dans une console.
\metax{\hskip 10pt \`a l'aide d'expr. rationnelles}{M-x query-replace-regexp}

R\'eponses possibles pour chaque occurrence dans le mode de
remplacement interactif :

\key{{\bf Remplacer} celle-l\`a, passer \`a la suivante}{SPC}
\key{Remplacer celle-l\`a, rester l\`a}{,}
\key{{\bf Passer} \`a la suivante sans remplacer}{DEL}
\key{Remplacer toutes les occurrences suivantes}{!}
\key{{\bf Revenir} \`a l'occurrence pr\'ec\'edente}{^}
\key{{\bf Quitter} le remplacement interactif}{RET}
\key{{\bf \'Editer} avant de reprendre (\kbd{C-M-c} : sortir)}{C-r}

\section{Fen\^etres multiples}

Lorsqu'il y a deux commandes, la seconde est celle qui concerne non
pas les fen\^etres mais les cadres.

{\setbox0=\hbox{\kbd{0}}\advance\hsize by 0\wd0
\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
\threecol{Supprimer toutes les autres fen\^etres}{C-x 1\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 1}
\threecol{Supprimer cette fen\^etre}{C-x 0\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 0}
\threecol{Diviser la fen\^etre horizontalement}{C-x 2\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 2}
}}
\key{Diviser la fen\^etre verticalement}{C-x 3}

\key{Faire d\'efiler l'autre fen\^etre}{C-M-v}

%% tabskip reduced from 10 to 3pt to fit on letterpaper.
{\setbox0=\hbox{\kbd{0}}\advance\hsize by 2\wd0
\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=3pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
\threecol{S\'electionner une autre fen\^etre}{C-x o}{C-x 5 o}

\threecol{Choisir un tampon (autre fen\^etre)}{C-x 4 b}{C-x 5 b}
\threecol{Afficher un tampon (autre fen\^etre)}{C-x 4 C-o}{C-x 5 C-o}
\threecol{Lire un fichier (autre fen\^etre)}{C-x 4 f}{C-x 5 f}
\threecol{\hskip 10pt en lecture seule}{C-x 4 r}{C-x 5 r}
\threecol{Lancer Dired (autre fen\^etre)}{C-x 4 d}{C-x 5 d}
\threecol{Trouver un tag (autre fen\^etre)}{C-x 4 .}{C-x 5 .}
}}

\key{Agrandir la fen\^etre verticalement}{C-x ^}
\key{R\'eduire la fen\^etre horizontalement}{C-x \{}
\key{Agrandir la fen\^etre horizontalement}{C-x \}}

\section{Formater}

\key{Indenter la {\bf ligne} courante (selon le mode)}{TAB}
\key{Indenter la {\bf r\'egion} courante (selon le mode)}{C-M-\\}
\key{Indenter la {\bf s-expr.} courante (selon le mode)}{C-M-q}
\key{Indenter la r\'egion sur une colonne}{C-x TAB}
\key{Ins\'erer un retour \`a la ligne apr\`es le point}{C-o}
\key{D\'eplacer le reste de la ligne vers le bas}{C-M-o}
\key{Supprimer les lignes vierges autour du point}{C-x C-o}
\key{Joindre \`a la ligne pr\'ec\'edente (suiv. avec {\it arg\/})}{M-^}
\key{Supprimer tous les espaces autour du point}{M-\\}
\key{Mettre exactement une espace au point}{M-SPC}

\key{Formater le paragraphe}{M-q}
\key{Placer la marge droite \`a {\it arg\/} colonnes}{C-u {\it arg\/} C-x f}
\key{D\'efinir le pr\'efixe des lignes}{C-x .}

\key{D\'efinir la fonte}{M-o}

\section{Modifier la casse}

\key{Mettre le mot en capitales}{M-u}
\key{Mettre le mot en minuscules}{M-l}
\key{Mettre une majuscule au mot}{M-c}

\key{Mettre la r\'egion en capitales}{C-x C-u}
\key{Mettre la r\'egion en minuscules}{C-x C-l}

\section{Le mini-tampon}

Dans le mini-tampon :

\key{Compl\'eter autant que possible}{TAB}
\key{Compl\'eter un mot}{SPC}
\key{Compl\'eter et ex\'ecuter}{RET}
\key{Montrer les compl\`etements possibles}{?}
\key{Utiliser l'entr\'ee pr\'ec\'edente du mini-tampon}{M-p}
\key{Utiliser l'entr\'ee suivante du mini-tampon}{M-n}
\key{Rechercher en arri\`ere dans l'historique}{M-r}
\key{Rechercher en avant  dans l'historique}{M-s}
\key{Quitter en annulant la commande}{C-g}

Faites \kbd{C-x ESC ESC} pour \'editer et r\'ep\'eter la derni\`ere
commande ayant utilis\'e le mini-tampon. Faites \kbd{F10} pour
utiliser la barre de menu sur un terminal en utilisant le mini-tampon.

\newcolumn
\title{Carte de r\'ef\'erence de GNU Emacs}

\section{Tampons}

\key{Choisir un autre tampon}{C-x b}
\key{Lister tous les tampons}{C-x C-b}
\key{Supprimer un tampon}{C-x k}

\section{Transposer}

\key{Transposer des {\bf caract\`eres}}{C-t}
\key{Transposer des {\bf mots}}{M-t}
\key{Transposer des {\bf lignes}}{C-x C-t}
\key{Transposer des {\bf s-expressions}}{C-M-t}

\section{V\'erifier l'orthographe}

\key{V\'erifier l'orthographe du mot courant}{M-\$}
\metax{V\'erifier l'orthographe d'une r\'egion}{M-x ispell-region}
\metax{V\'erifier l'orthographe de tout le tampon}{M-x ispell-buffer}

\section{Tags}

\key{Trouver un tag (une d\'efinition)}{M-.}
\key{Passer \`a l'occurrence suivante du tag}{C-u M-.}
\metax{Sp\'ecifier un autre fichier de tags}{M-x visit-tags-table}

\metax{Rechercher dans tous les fichiers des tags}{M-x tags-search}

\metax{Remplacer dans tous les fichiers}{M-x tags-query-replace}
\key{Continuer la recherche ou le remplacement}{M-,}

\section{Shell}

\key{Ex\'ecuter une commande shell}{M-!}
\key{Lancer une commande shell sur la r\'egion}{M-|}
\key{Filtrer la r\'egion avec une commande shell}{C-u M-|}
\key{Lancer un shell dans la fen\^etre {\tt *shell*}}{M-x shell}

\section{Rectangles}

\key{Copier le rectangle dans un registre}{C-x r r}
\key{D\'etruire le rectangle}{C-x r k}
\key{R\'ecup\'erer le rectangle}{C-x r y}
\key{D\'ecaler le rectangle \`a droite}{C-x r o}
\key{Vider le rectangle}{C-x r c}
\key{Pr\'efixer chaque ligne du rectangle}{C-x r t}

\section{Abr\'eviations}

\key{Ajouter une abr\'eviation globale}{C-x a g}
\key{Ajouter une abr\'eviation locale au mode}{C-x a l}
\key{Ajouter une expansion globale}{C-x a i g}
\key{Ajouter une expansion locale au mode}{C-x a i l}
\key{Faire une expansion explicite de l'abr\'eviation}{C-x a e}

\key{Faire une expansion du mot pr\'ec\'edent}{M-/}

\section{Expressions rationnelles}

\key{Un caract\`ere quelconque, sauf fin de ligne}{. {\rm(point)}}
\key{Z\'ero r\'ep\'etition ou plus}{*}
\key{Une r\'ep\'etition ou plus}{+}
\key{Z\'ero ou une r\'ep\'etition}{?}
\key{\'Echapper le caract\`ere sp\'ecial {\it c\/}}{\\{\it c}}
\key{Alternative (``ou'' non exclusif)}{\\|}
\key{Regroupement}{\\( {\rm$\ldots$} \\)}
\key{Reprendre le texte du {\it n\/}-i\`eme groupement}{\\{\it n}}
\key{Limite de mot}{\\b}
\key{Non limite de mot}{\\B}

%% tabskip reduced from 10 to 5pt for letterpaper.
\paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=5pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
\threecol{{\bf Objet}}{{\bf D\'ebut}}{{\bf Fin}}
\threecol{Ligne}{^}{\$}
\threecol{Mot}{\\<}{\\>}
\threecol{Tampon}{\\`}{\\'}

\threecol{{\bf Classe de caract\`ere}}{{\bf Correspond}}%
{{\bf Compl\'ement}}
\threecol{Ensemble explicite}{[ {\rm$\ldots$} ]}{[^ {\rm$\ldots$} ]}
\threecol{Caract\`ere de mot}{\\w}{\\W}
\threecol{Caract\`ere avec la syntaxe {\it c}}{\\s{\it c}}{\\S{\it c}}
}

\section{Jeux de caract\`eres internationaux}

\key{Pr\'eciser la langue principale}{C-x RET l}
\metax{Lister les m\'ethodes de saisie}{M-x list-input-methods}
\key{Activer/d\'esactiver la m\'ethode de saisie}{C-\\}
\key{Choisir le codage pour la commande suivante}{C-x RET c}
\metax{Lister les codages}{M-x list-coding-systems}
\metax{Choisir le codage pr\'ef\'er\'e}{M-x prefer-coding-system}

\section{Info}

\key{Lire une documentation Info}{C-h i}
\key{Rechercher une fonction/variable dans Info}{C-h S}
\beginindentedkeys

Se d\'eplacer dans un n\oe{}ud :

\key{Page suivante}{SPC}
\key{Page pr\'ec\'edente}{DEL}
\key{D\'ebut du n\oe{}ud}{. {\rm (point)}}

Navigation entre n\oe{}uds :

\key{N\oe{}ud {\bf suivant}}{n}
\key{N\oe{}ud {\bf pr\'ec\'edent}}{p}
\key{{\bf Remonter} d'un niveau}{u}
\key{Choisir un sujet du menu par son nom}{m}
\key{Choisir le {\it n\/}-i\`eme sujet (1--9)}{{\it n}}
\key{Suivre une r\'ef\'erence crois\'ee (retour avec \kbd{l})}{f}
\key{Revenir au dernier n\oe{}ud visit\'e}{l}
\key{Aller au sommaire Info}{d}
\key{Aller au n\oe{}ud le plus haut du manuel}{t}
\key{Aller sur un n\oe{}ud par son nom}{g}

Autres :

\key{Aller au {\bf didacticiel} Info}{h}
\key{Rechercher un sujet dans l'index}{i}
\key{Rechercher un n\oe{}ud par expr. rationnelle}{s}
\key{{\bf Quitter} Info}{q}

\endindentedkeys

\section{Registres}

\key{Sauver la r\'egion dans un registre}{C-x r s}
\key{Ins\'erer le contenu d'un registre}{C-x r i}

\key{Sauver la valeur du point dans un registre}{C-x r SPC}
\key{Aller au point sauv\'e dans un registre}{C-x r j}

\section{Macros clavier}

\key{{\bf Lancer} la d\'efinition d'une macro clavier}{C-x (}
\key{{\bf Terminer} la d\'efinition d'une macro clavier}{C-x )}
\key{{\bf Ex\'ecuter} la derni\`ere macro clavier d\'efinie}{C-x e}
\key{Faire un ajout \`a la derni\`ere macro clavier}{C-u C-x (}
\metax{Nommer la derni\`ere macro clavier}{M-x name-last-kbd-macro}
\metax{En ins\'erer une d\'efinition Lisp}{M-x insert-kbd-macro}

\section{Commandes de gestion d'Emacs Lisp}

\key{\'Evaluer la {\bf s-expression} avant le point}{C-x C-e}
\key{\'Evaluer la {\bf defun} courante}{C-M-x}
\metax{\'Evaluer la {\bf r\'egion}}{M-x eval-region}
\key{Lire et \'evaluer dans le mini-tampon}{M-:}
\metax{Charger depuis un r\'epertoire standard}{M-x load-library}

\section{Personnalisation simple}

\metax{Personnaliser les variables et les fontes}{M-x customize}

% The intended audience here is the person who wants to make simple
% customizations and knows Lisp syntax.

Exemples de d\'efinition globale de touches en Emacs Lisp :

\beginexample%
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c g") 'search-forward)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-\#") 'query-replace-regexp)
\endexample

\section{\'Ecriture de commandes}

\beginexample%
(defun \<nom-commande> (\<args>)
  "\<documentation>"
  (interactive "\<template>")
  \<body>)
\endexample

Exemple :

\beginexample%
(defun cette-ligne-en-haut-de-la-fenetre (line)
  "Positionne la ligne courante en haut de la fen\^etre.
Avec ARG, place le point sur la ligne ARG."
  (interactive "P")
  (recenter (if (null line)
                0
              (prefix-numeric-value line))))
\endexample

La sp\'ecification \kbd{interactive} indique comment lire
interactivement les param\`etres. Faites \kbd{C-h f interactive} pour
plus de pr\'ecisions.

\copyrightnotice

\bye

% Local variables:
% compile-command: "pdftex fr-refcard"
% End:

% arch-tag: 39d6dc6e-1a4a-4071-84db-4719d4e9e40d