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annotate INSTALL @ 33336:e623ed557309
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author | Dave Love <fx@gnu.org> |
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date | Thu, 09 Nov 2000 11:47:47 +0000 |
parents | 99b7b88db80c |
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3199 | 1 GNU Emacs Installation Guide |
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2 Copyright (c) 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997 Free software Foundation, Inc. |
3199 | 3 |
4 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies | |
5 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the | |
6 copyright notice and permission notice are preserved, | |
7 and that the distributor grants the recipient permission | |
8 for further redistribution as permitted by this notice. | |
9 | |
10 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions | |
11 of this document, or of portions of it, | |
12 under the above conditions, provided also that they | |
13 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them, | |
14 and that any new or changed statements about the activities | |
15 of the Free Software Foundation are approved by the Foundation. | |
16 | |
17 | |
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18 ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES |
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19 |
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20 * leim-M.N.tar.gz |
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21 |
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22 The Emacs Lisp code for input methods for various international |
24799 | 23 character scripts is distributed in a separate tar file because it |
24 amounts to a significant fraction of the size of the distribution. | |
25 This tar file is called leim-M.N.tar.gz, with the same version number | |
26 as Emacs, and it unpacks into the directory emacs-M.N/leim. | |
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27 |
24799 | 28 You should unpack leim-M.N.tar.gz into the same directory where you |
29 have previously unpacked the main Emacs distribution. It fills in the | |
30 contents of one subdirectory, which is present in the main Emacs | |
31 distribution only in dummy form. | |
32 | |
33 Once you have unpacked the Leim tar file into the Emacs source tree, | |
34 building and installing Emacs automatically installs the input method | |
35 support as well. If you have built Emacs without unpacking Leim | |
36 first, just unpack Leim, build Emacs again, and install it again. | |
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37 |
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38 * intlfonts-VERSION.tar.gz |
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39 |
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40 The intlfonts distribution contains X11 fonts that Emacs needs in |
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41 order to display international characters. If you see a non-ASCII |
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42 character appear as a hollow box, that means you don't have a font for |
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43 it. You might find a font in the intlfonts distribution. If some |
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44 characters don't look right, or appear improperly aligned, a font |
20213 | 45 from the intlfonts distribution might look better. |
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46 |
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47 The fonts in the intlfonts distribution are also used by the ps-print |
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48 package for printing international characters. The file |
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49 lisp/ps-mule.el defines the .bdf font files required for printing |
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50 each character set. |
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51 |
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52 The intlfonts distribution contains its own installation instructions, |
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53 in the intlfonts/README file. |
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54 |
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55 * elisp-manual-M.N.tar.gz |
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56 |
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57 This distribution contains the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual which |
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58 complements the Emacs Lisp Manual. It is a good idea to install the |
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59 Emacs Lisp Reference Manual after installing Emacs, to complete the |
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60 on-line documentation of Emacs in Info. |
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61 |
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62 If you have installed Texinfo, you can install the Emacs Lisp |
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63 Reference Manual this way: |
26271 | 64 |
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65 cd elisp-manual-M.N |
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66 ./configure --prefix=PREFIXDIR |
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67 make install |
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68 |
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69 Otherwise, you can install it manually. Just copy the files elisp and |
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70 elisp-* from the elisp-manual-M.N directory to your site's info |
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71 directory (see the description of `infodir', below), and make sure |
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72 that file `dir' in this directory contains an entry like this: |
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73 |
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74 * Elisp: (elisp). The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. |
26271 | 75 |
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76 * Image support libraries |
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77 |
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78 Emacs needs optional libraries to be able to display images (with the |
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79 exception of PBM images whose support is built-in). Here's the list |
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80 of these optional libraries, and the URLs where they can be found: |
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81 |
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82 . libxpm for XPM: ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/ |
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83 . libpng for PNG: ftp://www.libpng.org/pub/png/ |
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84 . Zlib (for PNG): http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/zlib/ |
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85 . libjpeg for JPEG: ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/ |
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86 . libtiff for TIFF: http://www.libtiff.org/ |
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87 . libungif for GIF: |
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88 http://prtr-13.ucsc.edu/~badger/software/libungif/index.shtml |
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89 |
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90 Emacs needs to be configured with the appropriate --with-LIB option, |
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91 to be built with these libraries. See below for more details. |
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92 |
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93 |
3199 | 94 BUILDING AND INSTALLATION: |
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96 (This is for a Unix or Unix-like system. For MSDOS, see below; search | |
97 for MSDOG. For Windows NT or Windows 95, see the file nt/INSTALL.) | |
3199 | 98 |
99 1) Make sure your system has enough swapping space allocated to handle | |
100 a program whose pure code is 900k bytes and whose data area is at | |
101 least 400k and can reach 8Mb or more. If the swapping space is | |
102 insufficient, you will get an error in the command `temacs -batch -l | |
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103 loadup dump', found in `./src/Makefile.in', or possibly when |
6062 | 104 running the final dumped Emacs. |
3199 | 105 |
12620 | 106 Building Emacs requires about 70 Mb of disk space (including the Emacs |
107 sources). Once installed, Emacs occupies about 35 Mb in the file | |
6062 | 108 system where it is installed; this includes the executable files, Lisp |
109 libraries, miscellaneous data files, and on-line documentation. If | |
110 the building and installation take place in different directories, | |
12620 | 111 then the installation procedure momentarily requires 70+35 Mb. |
3199 | 112 |
113 2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should | |
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114 give to the `configure' program. That file offers hints for |
3199 | 115 getting around some possible installation problems. |
116 | |
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117 3) You can build Emacs in the top-level Emacs source directory |
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118 or in a separate directory. |
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119 |
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120 3a) To build in the top-level Emacs source directory, go to that |
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121 directory and run the program `configure' as follows: |
3199 | 122 |
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123 ./configure [CONFIGURATION-NAME] [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... |
3199 | 124 |
125 The CONFIGURATION-NAME argument should be a configuration name given | |
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126 in `./etc/MACHINES', with the system version number added at the end. |
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127 |
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128 You should try first omitting CONFIGURATION-NAME. This way, |
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129 `configure' will try to guess your system type. If it cannot guess, |
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130 or if something goes wrong in building or installing Emacs this way, |
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131 try again specifying the proper CONFIGURATION-NAME explicitly. |
3199 | 132 |
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133 If you don't want X support, specify `--with-x=no'. If you omit this |
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134 option, `configure' will try to figure out for itself whether your |
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135 system has X, and arrange to use it if present. |
3199 | 136 |
137 The `--x-includes=DIR' and `--x-libraries=DIR' options tell the build | |
138 process where the compiler should look for the include files and | |
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139 object libraries used with the X Window System. Normally, `configure' |
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140 is able to find them; these options are necessary if you have your X |
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141 Window System files installed in unusual places. These options also |
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142 accept a list of directories, separated with colons. |
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144 To get more attractive menus, you can specify an X toolkit when you |
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145 configure Emacs; use the option `--with-x-toolkit=TOOLKIT', where |
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146 TOOLKIT is `athena' or `motif' (`yes' and `lucid' are synonyms for |
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147 `athena'). On some systems, it does not work to use a toolkit with |
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148 shared libraries. A free implementation of Motif, called LessTif, is |
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149 available ftom <http://www.lesstif.org>. |
3199 | 150 |
151 The `--with-gcc' option specifies that the build process should | |
152 compile Emacs using GCC. If you don't want to use GCC, specify | |
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153 `--with-gcc=no'. If you omit this option, `configure' will search |
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154 for GCC in your path, and use it if present. |
3199 | 155 |
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156 If you want the Emacs mail reader RMAIL to read mail from a POP |
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157 server, you must specify `--with-pop'. This provides support for the |
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158 POP3 protocol; older versions are not supported. For |
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159 Kerberos-authenticated POP add `--with-kerberos', for Hesiod support |
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160 add `--with-hesiod'. These options enable Emacs to use POP; whether |
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161 Emacs uses POP is controlled by individual users--see the Rmail |
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162 chapter of the Emacs manual. |
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163 |
32572 | 164 To get Emacs with image support, configure with one or more of these |
165 options: | |
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166 |
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167 --with-xpm for XPM image support |
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168 --with-jpeg for JPEG image support |
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169 --with-tiff for TIFF image support |
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170 --with-gif for GIF image support |
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171 --with-png for PNG image support |
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172 |
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173 You will have to download, build, and install the appropriate image |
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174 support libraries, see the list of URLs in "ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION |
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175 FILES" above. (Note that configuring --with-png requires Zlib in |
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176 addition to libpng.) |
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177 |
3199 | 178 The `--prefix=PREFIXDIR' option specifies where the installation process |
179 should put emacs and its data files. This defaults to `/usr/local'. | |
180 - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in PREFIXDIR/bin | |
181 (unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise). | |
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182 - The architecture-independent files go in PREFIXDIR/share/emacs/VERSION |
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183 (where VERSION is the version number of Emacs, like `19.27'). |
3199 | 184 - The architecture-dependent files go in |
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185 PREFIXDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION |
3199 | 186 (where CONFIGURATION is the configuration name, like mips-dec-ultrix4.2), |
187 unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise. | |
188 | |
189 The `--exec-prefix=EXECDIR' option allows you to specify a separate | |
190 portion of the directory tree for installing architecture-specific | |
191 files, like executables and utility programs. If specified, | |
192 - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in EXECDIR/bin, and | |
193 - The architecture-dependent files go in | |
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194 EXECDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION. |
3199 | 195 EXECDIR/bin should be a directory that is normally in users' PATHs. |
196 | |
197 For example, the command | |
198 | |
199 ./configure mips-dec-ultrix --with-x11 | |
200 | |
201 configures Emacs to build for a DECstation running Ultrix, with | |
202 support for the X11 window system. | |
203 | |
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204 `configure' doesn't do any compilation or installation |
3199 | 205 itself. It just creates the files that influence those things: |
9499 | 206 `./Makefile', `lib-src/Makefile', `oldXMenu/Makefile', |
207 `lwlib/Makefile', `src/Makefile', and `./src/config.h'. For details | |
208 on exactly what it does, see the section called `CONFIGURATION BY | |
209 HAND', below. | |
3199 | 210 |
211 When it is done, `configure' prints a description of what it did and | |
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212 creates a shell script `config.status' which, when run, recreates the |
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213 same configuration. If `configure' exits with an error after |
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214 disturbing the status quo, it removes `config.status'. `configure' |
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215 also creates a file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests |
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216 to make reconfiguring faster, and a file `config.log' containing compiler |
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217 output (useful mainly for debugging `configure'). You can give |
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218 `configure' the option `--cache-file=FILE' to use the results of the |
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219 tests in FILE instead of `config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to |
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220 disable caching, for debugging `configure'. |
3199 | 221 |
222 The work of `configure' can be done by editing various files in the | |
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223 distribution, but using `configure' is easier. See the section called |
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224 "CONFIGURATION BY HAND" below if you want to do the configuration |
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225 yourself. |
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226 |
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227 3b) To build in a separate directory, go to that directory |
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228 and run the program `configure' as follows: |
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229 |
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230 SOURCE-DIR/configure CONFIGURATION-NAME [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... |
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231 |
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232 SOURCE-DIR refers to the top-level Emacs source directory which is |
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233 where Emacs's configure script is located. `configure' looks for the |
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234 Emacs source code in the directory that `configure' is in. |
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235 |
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236 To build in a separate directory, you must use a version of `make' |
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237 that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. |
3199 | 238 |
21692 | 239 3c) Some people try to build in a separate directory by filling |
240 it full of symlinks to the files in the real source directory. | |
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241 If you do that, `make all' does work, but `make install' fails: |
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242 it copies the symbolic links rather than the actual files. |
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243 |
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244 As far as is known, there is no particular reason to use |
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245 a directory full of links rather than use the standard GNU |
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246 facilities to build in a separate directory (see 3b above). |
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247 |
3199 | 248 4) Look at `./lisp/paths.el'; if some of those values are not right |
11905 | 249 for your system, set up the file `./lisp/site-init.el' with Emacs |
250 Lisp code to override them; it is not a good idea to edit paths.el | |
3199 | 251 itself. YOU MUST USE THE LISP FUNCTION `setq' TO ASSIGN VALUES, |
252 rather than `defvar', as used by `./lisp/paths.el'. For example, | |
253 | |
254 (setq news-inews-program "/usr/bin/inews") | |
255 | |
256 is how you would override the default value of the variable | |
257 news-inews-program (which is "/usr/local/inews"). | |
258 | |
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259 Before you override a variable this way, *look at the value* that the |
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260 variable gets by default! Make sure you know what kind of value the |
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261 variable should have. If you don't pay attention to what you are |
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262 doing, you'll make a mistake. |
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263 |
6062 | 264 5) Put into `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/site-load.el' any Emacs |
265 Lisp code you want Emacs to load before it is dumped out. Use | |
266 site-load.el for additional libraries if you arrange for their | |
267 documentation strings to be in the etc/DOC file (see | |
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268 src/Makefile.in if you wish to figure out how to do that). For all |
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269 else, use site-init.el. Do not load byte-compiled code which |
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270 was build with a non-nil value of `byte-compile-dynamic'. |
3199 | 271 |
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272 If you set load-path to a different value in site-init.el or |
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273 site-load.el, Emacs will use *precisely* that value when it starts up |
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274 again. If you do this, you are on your own! |
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275 |
3199 | 276 Note that, on some systems, the code you place in site-init.el must |
277 not use expand-file-name or any other function which may look | |
278 something up in the system's password and user information database. | |
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279 See `./etc/PROBLEMS' for more details on which systems this affects. |
3199 | 280 |
7627 | 281 The `site-*.el' files are nonexistent in the distribution. You do not |
282 need to create them if you have nothing to put in them. | |
3199 | 283 |
284 6) Refer to the file `./etc/TERMS' for information on fields you may | |
285 wish to add to various termcap entries. The files `./etc/termcap.ucb' | |
286 and `./etc/termcap.dat' may already contain appropriately-modified | |
287 entries. | |
288 | |
289 7) Run `make' in the top directory of the Emacs distribution to finish | |
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290 building Emacs in the standard way. The final executable file is |
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291 named `src/emacs'. You can execute this file "in place" without |
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292 copying it, if you wish; then it automatically uses the sibling |
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293 directories ../lisp, ../lib-src, ../info. |
3199 | 294 |
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295 Or you can "install" the executable and the other Emacs into their |
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296 installed locations, with `make install'. By default, Emacs's files |
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297 are installed in the following directories: |
3199 | 298 |
299 `/usr/local/bin' holds the executable programs users normally run - | |
7864 | 300 `emacs', `etags', `ctags', `b2m', `emacsclient', |
301 and `rcs-checkin'. | |
3199 | 302 |
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303 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp' holds the Emacs Lisp library; |
3199 | 304 `VERSION' stands for the number of the Emacs version |
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305 you are installing, like `18.59' or `19.27'. Since the |
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306 Lisp library changes from one version of Emacs to |
3199 | 307 another, including the version number in the path |
308 allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed | |
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309 at the same time; in particular, you don't have to |
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310 make Emacs unavailable while installing a new version. |
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311 |
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312 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp |
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313 files installed for Emacs version VERSION only. |
3199 | 314 |
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315 `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp |
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316 files installed for all Emacs versions. |
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317 |
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318 When Emacs is installed, it searches for its Lisp files |
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319 in `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp', then in |
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320 `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', and finally in |
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321 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp'. |
3199 | 322 |
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323 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc' holds the Emacs tutorial, the DOC |
3199 | 324 file, the `yow' database, and other |
325 architecture-independent files Emacs might need while | |
326 running. VERSION is as specified for `.../lisp'. | |
327 | |
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328 `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' contains executable |
3199 | 329 programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to |
330 run themselves. | |
331 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are | |
332 installing, and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument | |
333 you gave to the `configure' program to identify the | |
334 architecture and operating system of your machine, | |
335 like `mips-dec-ultrix' or `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since | |
336 these files are specific to the version of Emacs, | |
337 operating system, and architecture in use, including | |
338 the configuration name in the path allows you to have | |
339 several versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and | |
340 operating systems installed at the same time; this is | |
341 useful for sites at which different kinds of machines | |
342 share the file system Emacs is installed on. | |
343 | |
344 `/usr/local/info' holds the on-line documentation for Emacs, known as | |
345 "info files". Many other GNU programs are documented | |
346 using info files as well, so this directory stands | |
347 apart from the other, Emacs-specific directories. | |
348 | |
349 `/usr/local/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed | |
350 in `/usr/local/bin'. | |
351 | |
352 If these directories are not what you want, you can specify where to | |
353 install Emacs's libraries and data files or where Emacs should search | |
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354 for its Lisp files by giving values for `make' variables as part of |
3199 | 355 the command. See the section below called `MAKE VARIABLES' for more |
356 information on this. | |
357 | |
358 8) Check the file `dir' in your site's info directory (usually | |
359 /usr/local/info) to make sure that it has a menu entry for the Emacs | |
360 info files. | |
361 | |
6062 | 362 9) If your system uses lock files to interlock access to mailer inbox files, |
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363 then you might need to make the movemail program setuid or setgid |
6062 | 364 to enable it to write the lock files. We believe this is safe. |
365 | |
12620 | 366 10) You are done! You can remove executables and object files from |
367 the build directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the files | |
368 that `configure' created (so you can compile Emacs for a different | |
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369 configuration), type `make distclean'. If you don't need some, or all |
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370 of the input methods from the Leim package, you can remove the |
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371 unneeded files in the leim/quail, leim/skk, and leim/skk-dic |
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372 subdirectories of your site's lisp directory (usually |
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373 /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/). |
12620 | 374 |
3199 | 375 |
376 | |
377 MAKE VARIABLES | |
378 | |
379 You can change where the build process installs Emacs and its data | |
380 files by specifying values for `make' variables as part of the `make' | |
381 command line. For example, if you type | |
382 | |
383 make install bindir=/usr/local/gnubin | |
384 | |
385 the `bindir=/usr/local/gnubin' argument indicates that the Emacs | |
386 executable files should go in `/usr/local/gnubin', not | |
387 `/usr/local/bin'. | |
388 | |
389 Here is a complete list of the variables you may want to set. | |
390 | |
391 `bindir' indicates where to put executable programs that users can | |
392 run. This defaults to /usr/local/bin. | |
393 | |
394 `datadir' indicates where to put the architecture-independent | |
395 read-only data files that Emacs refers to while it runs; it | |
9499 | 396 defaults to /usr/local/share. We create the following |
3199 | 397 subdirectories under `datadir': |
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398 - `emacs/VERSION/lisp', containing the Emacs Lisp library, and |
3199 | 399 - `emacs/VERSION/etc', containing the Emacs tutorial, the DOC |
400 file, and the `yow' database. | |
401 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, | |
402 like `18.59' or `19.0'. Since these files vary from one version | |
403 of Emacs to another, including the version number in the path | |
404 allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed at the | |
405 same time; this means that you don't have to make Emacs | |
406 unavailable while installing a new version. | |
407 | |
9499 | 408 `libexecdir' indicates where to put architecture-specific data files that |
409 Emacs refers to as it runs; it defaults to `/usr/local/libexec'. | |
410 We create the following subdirectories under `libexecdir': | |
3199 | 411 - `emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME', containing executable |
412 programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to run | |
413 themselves. | |
414 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, | |
415 and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument you gave to the | |
416 `configure' program to identify the architecture and operating | |
417 system of your machine, like `mips-dec-ultrix' or | |
418 `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since these files are specific to the version | |
419 of Emacs, operating system, and architecture in use, including | |
420 the configuration name in the path allows you to have several | |
421 versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and operating systems | |
422 installed at the same time; this is useful for sites at which | |
423 different kinds of machines share the file system Emacs is | |
424 installed on. | |
425 | |
426 `infodir' indicates where to put the info files distributed with | |
427 Emacs; it defaults to `/usr/local/info'. | |
428 | |
429 `mandir' indicates where to put the man pages for Emacs and its | |
430 utilities (like `etags'); it defaults to | |
431 `/usr/local/man/man1'. | |
432 | |
433 `manext' gives the extension the man pages should be installed with. | |
434 It should contain a period, followed by the appropriate | |
435 digit. It defaults to `.1'. For example given the default | |
436 values for `mandir' and `manext', the Emacs man page would be | |
437 installed as `/usr/local/man/man1/emacs.1'. | |
438 | |
439 `prefix' doesn't give a path for any specific part of Emacs; instead, | |
440 its value is used to determine the defaults for all the | |
441 architecture-independent path variables - `datadir', | |
9499 | 442 `sharedstatedir', `infodir', and `mandir'. Its default value is |
3199 | 443 `/usr/local'; the other variables add on `lib' or `man' to it |
444 by default. | |
445 | |
446 For example, suppose your site generally places GNU software | |
447 under `/usr/users/software/gnusoft' instead of `/usr/local'. | |
448 By including | |
449 `prefix=/usr/users/software/gnusoft' | |
450 in the arguments to `make', you can instruct the build process | |
451 to place all of the Emacs data files in the appropriate | |
452 directories under that path. | |
453 | |
454 `exec_prefix' serves the same purpose as `prefix', but instead | |
455 determines the default values for the architecture-dependent | |
9499 | 456 path variables - `bindir' and `libexecdir'. |
3199 | 457 |
458 The above variables serve analogous purposes in the makefiles for all | |
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459 GNU software; this variable is specific to Emacs. |
3199 | 460 |
12620 | 461 `archlibdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects the executable |
462 files and other architecture-dependent data it uses while | |
463 running. Its default value, based on `libexecdir' (which | |
464 see), is `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' | |
3199 | 465 (where VERSION and CONFIGURATION-NAME are as described above). |
466 | |
467 Remember that you must specify any variable values you need each time | |
468 you run `make' in the top directory. If you run `make' once to build | |
469 emacs, test it, and then run `make' again to install the files, you | |
470 must provide the same variable settings each time. To make the | |
471 settings persist, you can edit them into the `Makefile' in the top | |
472 directory, but be aware that running the `configure' program erases | |
473 `Makefile' and rebuilds it from `Makefile.in'. | |
474 | |
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475 The path for finding Lisp files is specified in src/paths.h, |
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476 a file which is generated by running configure. To change the path, |
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477 you can edit the definition of PATH_LOADSEARCH in that file |
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478 before you run `make'. |
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479 |
3199 | 480 The top-level Makefile stores the variable settings it used in the |
481 Makefiles for the subdirectories, so you don't have to specify them | |
482 when running make in the subdirectories. | |
483 | |
484 | |
485 CONFIGURATION BY HAND | |
486 | |
7864 | 487 Instead of running the `configure' program, you have to perform the |
488 following steps. | |
3199 | 489 |
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490 1) Copy `./src/config.in' to `./src/config.h'. |
3199 | 491 |
492 2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should | |
493 use for your system. Look at the code of the `configure' script to | |
494 see which operating system and architecture description files from | |
495 `src/s' and `src/m' should be used for that configuration name. Edit | |
496 `src/config.h', and change the two `#include' directives to include | |
497 the appropriate system and architecture description files. | |
498 | |
499 2) Edit `./src/config.h' to set the right options for your system. If | |
500 you need to override any of the definitions in the s/*.h and m/*.h | |
501 files for your system and machine, do so by editing config.h, not by | |
502 changing the s/*.h and m/*.h files. Occasionally you may need to | |
503 redefine parameters used in `./lib-src/movemail.c'. | |
504 | |
7864 | 505 3) Create src/Makefile and lib-src/Makefile from the corresponding |
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506 `Makefile.in' files. First copy `Makefile.in' to `Makefile.c', |
14020 | 507 then edit in appropriate substitutions for the @...@ constructs, |
7864 | 508 and then copy the shell commands near the end of `configure' |
509 that run cpp to construct `Makefile'. | |
3199 | 510 |
7864 | 511 4) Create `Makefile' files in various other directories |
512 from the corresponding `Makefile.in' files. This isn't so hard, | |
513 just a matter of substitution. | |
3199 | 514 |
515 The `configure' script is built from `configure.in' by the `autoconf' | |
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516 program. You need version 2.0 or newer of `autoconf' to rebuild `configure'. |
3199 | 517 |
518 BUILDING GNU EMACS BY HAND | |
519 | |
9507 | 520 Once Emacs is configured, running `make' in the top directory performs |
521 the following steps. | |
3199 | 522 |
523 1) Run `make src/paths.h' in the top directory. This produces | |
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524 `./src/paths.h' from the template file `./src/paths.in', changing |
3199 | 525 the paths to the values specified in `./Makefile'. |
526 | |
7864 | 527 2) Go to directory `./lib-src' and run `make'. This creates |
528 executables named `ctags' and `etags' and `wakeup' and `make-docfile' | |
529 and `digest-doc' and `test-distrib'. And others. | |
3199 | 530 |
7864 | 531 3) Go to directory `./src' and Run `make'. This refers to files in |
532 the `./lisp' and `./lib-src' subdirectories using names `../lisp' and | |
3199 | 533 `../lib-src'. |
534 | |
535 This creates a file `./src/emacs' which is the runnable Emacs, | |
7864 | 536 which has another name that contains a version number. |
537 Each time you do this, that version number increments in the last place. | |
3199 | 538 |
539 It also creates a file in `./etc' whose name is `DOC' followed by the | |
540 current Emacs version. This file contains documentation strings for | |
541 all the functions in Emacs. Each time you run make to make a new | |
542 emacs, a new DOC file with a new name is made. You must keep the DOC | |
543 file for an Emacs version as long as you keep using that Emacs | |
544 version. | |
545 | |
546 | |
547 INSTALLATION BY HAND | |
548 | |
9507 | 549 The steps below are done by running `make install' in the main |
550 directory of the Emacs distribution. | |
3199 | 551 |
552 1) Copy `./lisp' and its subdirectories, `./etc', and the executables | |
553 in `./lib-src' to their final destinations, as selected in `./src/paths.h'. | |
554 | |
555 Strictly speaking, not all of the executables in `./lib-src' need be copied. | |
7627 | 556 - The programs `cvtmail', `emacsserver', `fakemail', `hexl', |
7864 | 557 `movemail', `profile', `rcs2log', `timer', `vcdiff', `wakeup', |
558 and `yow' are used by Emacs; they do need to be copied. | |
559 - The programs `etags', `ctags', `emacsclient', `b2m', and `rcs-checkin' | |
3199 | 560 are intended to be run by users; they are handled below. |
9498 | 561 - The programs `make-docfile' and `test-distrib' were |
3199 | 562 used in building Emacs, and are not needed any more. |
563 - The programs `digest-doc' and `sorted-doc' convert a `DOC' file into | |
564 a file for users to read. There is no important reason to move them. | |
565 | |
566 2) Copy the files in `./info' to the place specified in | |
567 `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/paths.el'. Note that if the | |
568 destination directory already contains a file named `dir', you | |
569 probably don't want to replace it with the `dir' file in the Emacs | |
570 distribution. Instead, you should make sure that the existing `dir' | |
571 file contains an appropriate menu entry for the Emacs info. | |
572 | |
23353 | 573 3) Copy `./src/emacs' to `/usr/local/bin', or to some other directory |
3199 | 574 in users' search paths. `./src/emacs' has an alternate name |
575 `./src/emacs-EMACSVERSION'; you may wish to make a symbolic link named | |
576 `/usr/local/bin/emacs' pointing to that alternate name, as an easy way | |
577 of installing different versions. | |
578 | |
579 You can delete `./src/temacs'. | |
580 | |
23353 | 581 4) Copy the programs `b2m', `emacsclient', `ctags', `etags', and |
7864 | 582 `rcs-checkin' from `./lib-src' to `/usr/local/bin'. These programs are |
3199 | 583 intended for users to run. |
584 | |
23353 | 585 5) Copy the man pages in `./etc' for emacs, ctags, and etags into the |
3199 | 586 appropriate man directories. |
587 | |
23353 | 588 6) The files in the `./src' subdirectory, except for `emacs', are not |
7864 | 589 used by Emacs once it is built. However, it is very desirable to keep |
590 the source on line for debugging. | |
3199 | 591 |
592 | |
593 PROBLEMS | |
594 | |
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595 See the file PROBLEMS in etc subdirectory for a list of various |
3199 | 596 problems sometimes encountered, and what to do about them. |
597 | |
598 | |
6062 | 599 Installation on MSDOG (a.k.a. MSDOS) |
600 | |
7627 | 601 To install on MSDOG, you need to have the GNU C compiler for MSDOG |
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602 (also known as djgpp), GNU Make, rm, mv, and sed. See the remarks in |
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603 config.bat for more information about locations and versions. The |
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604 file etc/FAQ includes pointers to Internet sites where you can find |
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605 the necessary utilities; search for "MS-DOS". The configuration step |
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606 (see below) will test for these utilities and will refuse to continue |
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607 if any of them isn't found. |
6062 | 608 |
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609 If you are building the MSDOG version of Emacs on an MSDOG-like system |
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610 which supports long file names (e.g. Windows 95), you need to make |
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611 sure that long file names are handled consistently both when you |
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612 unpack the distribution and compile it. If you intend to compile with |
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613 DJGPP v2.0 or later, and long file names support is enabled (LFN=y in |
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614 the environment), you need to unpack Emacs distribution in a way that |
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615 doesn't truncate the original long filenames to the DOS 8.3 namespace; |
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616 the easiest way to do this is to use djtar program which comes with |
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617 DJGPP, since it will note the LFN setting and behave accordingly. |
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618 DJGPP v1 doesn't support long filenames, so you must unpack Emacs with |
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619 a program that truncates the filenames to 8.3 naming as it extracts |
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620 files; again, using djtar after setting LFN=n is the recommended way. |
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621 You can build Emacs with LFN=n even if you use DJGPP v2, if some of |
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622 your tools don't support long file names: just ensure that LFN is set |
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623 to `n' during both unpacking and compiling. |
15017 | 624 |
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625 (By the time you read this, you have already unpacked the Emacs |
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626 distribution, but if the explanations above imply that you should have |
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627 done it differently, it's safer to delete the directory tree created |
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628 by the unpacking program and unpack Emacs again, than to risk running |
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629 into problems during the build process.) |
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630 |
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631 It is important to understand that the runtime support of long file |
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632 names by the Emacs binary is NOT affected by the LFN setting during |
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633 compilation; Emacs compiled with DJGPP v2.0 or later will always |
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634 support long file names on Windows 9X no matter what was the setting |
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635 of LFN at compile time. However, if you compiled with LFN disabled |
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636 and want to enable LFN support after Emacs was already built, you need |
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637 to make sure that the support files in the lisp, etc and info |
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638 directories are called by their original long names as found in the |
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639 distribution. You can do this either by renaming the files manually, |
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640 or by extracting them from the original distribution archive with |
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641 djtar after you set LFN=y in the environment. |
15017 | 642 |
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643 To unpack Emacs with djtar, type this command: |
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644 |
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645 djtar -x emacs.tgz |
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646 |
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647 (This assumes that the Emacs distribution is called `emacs.tgz' on |
19635 | 648 your system.) |
12343 | 649 |
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650 If you need to type international characters, you will need to unpack |
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651 the Leim distribution (see the description near the beginning of this |
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652 file). You unpack it from the same directory where you unpacked |
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parents:
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653 Emacs. To unpack Leim with djtar, assuming the Leim distribution is |
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654 called `leim.tgz', type this command: |
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655 |
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656 djtar -x leim.tgz |
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657 |
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658 If you want to print international characters, install the intlfonts |
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659 distribution. For this, create a directory called `fonts' under the |
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660 Emacs top-level directory (usually called `emacs-XX.YY') created by |
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661 unpacking emacs.tgz, chdir into the directory emacs-XX.YY/fonts, and |
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662 type this: |
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663 |
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664 djtar -x intlfonts.tgz |
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665 |
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666 When unpacking is done, a directory called `emacs-XX.YY' will be |
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667 created, where XX.YY is the Emacs version. To build and install |
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668 Emacs, chdir to that directory and type these commands: |
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669 |
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670 config msdos |
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671 make install |
6062 | 672 |
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673 To install the international fonts, chdir to the intlfonts-X.Y |
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674 directory created when you unpacked the intlfonts distribution (X.Y is |
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675 the version number of the fonts' distribution), and type the following |
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676 command: |
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677 |
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678 make bdf INSTALLDIR=.. |
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679 |
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680 After Make finishes, you may remove the directory intlfonts-X.Y; the |
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681 fonts are installed into the fonts/bdf subdirectory of the top-level |
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682 Emacs directory, and that is where Emacs will look for them by |
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683 default. |
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684 |
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685 Building Emacs creates executable files in the src and lib-src |
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686 directories. Installing Emacs on MSDOS moves these executables to a |
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687 sibling directory called bin. For example, if you build in directory |
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688 /emacs, installing moves the executables from /emacs/src and |
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689 /emacs/lib-src to the directory /emacs/bin, so you can then delete the |
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690 subdirectories /emacs/src and /emacs/lib-src if you wish. The only |
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691 subdirectories you need to keep are bin, lisp, etc and info. (If you |
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692 installed Leim, keep the leim subdirectory, and if you installed |
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693 intlfonts, keep the fonts directory and all its sibdirectories as well.) |
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694 The bin subdirectory should be added to your PATH. The msdos |
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695 subdirectory includes a PIF and an icon file for Emacs which you might |
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696 find useful if you run Emacs under MS Windows. |
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697 |
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698 Emacs on MSDOS finds the lisp, etc and info directories by looking in |
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699 ../lisp, ../etc and ../info, starting from the directory where the |
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700 Emacs executable was run from. You can override this by setting the |
19635 | 701 environment variables EMACSDATA (for the location of `etc' directory), |
702 EMACSLOADPATH (for the location of `lisp' directory) and INFOPATH (for | |
703 the location of the `info' directory). | |
6062 | 704 |
7627 | 705 MSDOG is a not a multitasking operating system, so Emacs features such |
706 as asynchronous subprocesses that depend on multitasking will not | |
707 work. Synchronous subprocesses do work. | |
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708 |
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709 Version 2.0 of djgpp has two bugs that affect Emacs. We've included |
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710 corrected versions of two files from djgpp in the msdos subdirectory: |
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711 is_exec.c and sigaction.c. To work around the bugs, compile these |
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712 files and link them into temacs. Djgpp versions 2.01 and later have |
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713 these bugs fixed, so upgrade if you can before building Emacs. |