annotate etc/refcards/fr-survival.tex @ 105182:e77a0b956835

* frame.c (xrdb_get_resource): Return nil for empty string resources; some parts of Emacs code (like font selection) don't grok them. See http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2009-09/msg00528.html
author Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
date Thu, 24 Sep 2009 16:59:14 +0000
parents 76ec8228b5d8
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1 %&tex
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2 % Title: GNU Emacs Survival Card
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3
104005
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4 % Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
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5 % 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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6
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7 % Author: Wlodek Bzyl <matwb@univ.gda.pl>
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8 % French translation: \'Eric Jacoboni <jaco@teaser.fr>, November 2001
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9
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10 % This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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11
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12 % GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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13 % it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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14 % the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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15 % (at your option) any later version.
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16
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17 % GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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18 % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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19 % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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20 % GNU General Public License for more details.
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21
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22 % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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23 % along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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104005
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25
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26 % See survival.tex.
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27
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28 % User interface is `plain.tex' and macros described below
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29 %
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30 % \title{CARD TITLE}{for version 21}
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31 % \section{NAME}
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32 % optional paragraphs separated with \askip amount of vertical space
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33 % \key{KEY-NAME} description of key or
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34 % \mkey{M-x LONG-LISP-NAME} description of Elisp function
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35 %
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36 % \kbd{ARG} -- argument is typed literally
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37
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38
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39 %**start of header
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40
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41 \def\plainfmtname{plain}
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42 \ifx\fmtname\plainfmtname
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43 \else
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44 \errmessage{This file requires `plain' format to be typeset correctly}
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45 \endinput
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46 \fi
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47
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48 % PDF output layout. 0 for A4, 1 for letter (US), a `l' is added for
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49 % a landscape layout.
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50 \input pdflayout.sty
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51 \pdflayout=(0)
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52
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53 \def\versionemacs{23} % version of Emacs this is for
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54 \def\year{2009} % latest copyright year
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55
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56 \def\copyrightnotice{\penalty-1\vfill
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57 \vbox{\smallfont\baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip\raggedcenter
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58 Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.\break
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59 Pour GNU Emacs \versionemacs\break
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60 Auteur W{\l}odek Bzyl (matwb@univ.gda.pl)\break
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61 Traduction fran\c{c}aise \'Eric Jacoboni (jaco@teaser.fr)
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62
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63 Vous pouvez faire et distribuer des copies de cette carte, pourvu
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64 que la note de copyright, ainsi que cette notice soient
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65 pr\'eserv\'ees sur toutes les copies.\par}}
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66
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67 \hsize 3.2in
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68 \vsize 7.95in
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69 \font\titlefont=cmss10 scaled 1200
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70 \font\headingfont=cmss10
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71 \font\smallfont=cmr6
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72 \font\smallsy=cmsy6
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73 \font\eightrm=cmr8
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74 \font\eightbf=cmbx8
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75 \font\eightit=cmti8
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76 \font\eighttt=cmtt8
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77 \font\eightmi=cmmi8
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78 \font\eightsy=cmsy8
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79 \font\eightss=cmss8
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80 \textfont0=\eightrm
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81 \textfont1=\eightmi
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82 \textfont2=\eightsy
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83 \def\rm{\eightrm} \rm
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84 \def\bf{\eightbf}
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85 \def\it{\eightit}
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86 \def\tt{\eighttt}
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87 \def\ss{\eightss}
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88 \baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip
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89
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90 \newdimen\intercolumnskip % horizontal space between columns
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91 \intercolumnskip=0.5in
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92
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93 % The TeXbook, p. 257
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94 \let\lr=L \newbox\leftcolumn
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95 \output={\if L\lr
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96 \global\setbox\leftcolumn\columnbox \global\let\lr=R
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97 \else
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98 \doubleformat \global\let\lr=L\fi}
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99 \def\doubleformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline
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100 \leftline{\box\leftcolumn\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}
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101 \makefootline}
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102 \advancepageno}
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103 \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
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104
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105 \def\newcolumn{\vfil\eject}
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106
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107 \def\bye{\par\vfil\supereject
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108 \if R\lr \null\vfil\eject\fi
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109 \end}
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110
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111 \outer\def\title#1#2{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus 0.5ex
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112 \centerline{\ss#2}
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113 \vskip2\baselineskip}
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114
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115 \outer\def\section#1{\filbreak
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116 \bskip
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117 \leftline{\headingfont #1}
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118 \askip}
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119 \def\bskip{\vskip 2.5ex plus 0.25ex }
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120 \def\askip{\vskip 0.75ex plus 0.25ex}
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121
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122 \newdimen\defwidth \defwidth=0.25\hsize
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123 \def\hang{\hangindent\defwidth}
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124
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125 \def\textindent#1{\noindent\llap{\hbox to \defwidth{\tt#1\hfil}}\ignorespaces}
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126 \def\key{\par\hangafter=0\hang\textindent}
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127
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128 \def\mtextindent#1{\noindent\hbox{\tt#1\quad}\ignorespaces}
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129 \def\mkey{\par\hangafter=1\hang\mtextindent}
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130
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131 \def\kbd#{\bgroup\tt \let\next= }
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132
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133 \newdimen\raggedstretch
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134 \newskip\raggedparfill \raggedparfill=0pt plus 1fil
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135 \def\nohyphens
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136 {\hyphenpenalty10000\exhyphenpenalty10000\pretolerance10000}
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137 \def\raggedspaces
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138 {\spaceskip=0.3333em\relax
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139 \xspaceskip=0.5em\relax}
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140 \def\raggedright
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141 {\raggedstretch=6em
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142 \nohyphens
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143 \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch
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144 \raggedspaces
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145 \parfillskip=\raggedparfill
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146 \relax}
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147 \def\raggedcenter
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148 {\raggedstretch=6em
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149 \nohyphens
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150 \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch
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151 \leftskip=\rightskip
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152 \raggedspaces
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153 \parfillskip=0pt
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154 \relax}
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155
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156 \chardef\\=`\\
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157
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158 \raggedright
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159 \nopagenumbers
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160 \parindent 0pt
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161 \interlinepenalty=10000
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162 \hoffset -0.2in
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163 %\voffset 0.2in
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164
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165 %**end of header
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166
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167
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168 \title{Carte de survie pour GNU\ \ Emacs}{version \versionemacs}
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169
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170 Dans ce qui suit, \kbd{C-z} signifie qu'il faut appuyer sur la touche
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171 `\kbd{z}' tout en maintenant la touche {\it Ctrl}\ \
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172 press\'ee. \kbd{M-z} signifie qu'il faut appuyer sur la touche
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173 `\kbd{z}' tout en maintenant la touche {\it Meta\/} (marqu\'ee {\it Alt\/}
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174 sur certains claviers) ou apr\`es avoir press\'e la touche {\it Echap\/} key.
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175
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176 \section{Lancement de Emacs}
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177
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178 Pour lancer GNU Emacs, il suffit de taper son nom~: \kbd{emacs}.
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179 Emacs divise son cadre en plusieurs parties~:
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180 une ligne de menu,
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181 une zone tampon contenant le texte \'edit\'e,
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182 une ligne de mode d\'ecrivant le tampon de la fenêtre au-dessus d'elle,
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183 et un mini-tampon/zone d'\'echo sur la derni\`ere ligne.
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184 \askip
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185 \key{C-x C-c} quitte Emacs
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186 \key{C-x C-f} \'edite une fichier~; cette commande utilise le
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187 mini-tampon pour lire le nom du fichier~; utilisez-la pour cr\'eer de
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188 nouveaux fichiers en entrant le nom du fichier \`a cr\'eer
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189 \key{C-x C-s} sauve le fichier
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190 \key{C-x k} supprime un tampon
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191 \key{C-g} dans la plupart des contextes~: annule, stoppe, avorte une
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192 commande en cours d'ex\'ecution ou de saisie
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193 \key{C-x u} annule
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194
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195 \section{D\'eplacements}
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196
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197 \key{C-l} place la ligne courante au centre de la fen\^etre
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198 \key{C-x b} bascule dans un autre tampon
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199 \key{M-<} va au d\'ebut du tampon
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200 \key{M->} va \`a la fin du tampon
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201 \key{M-x goto-line} va \`a la ligne indiqu\'ee
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202
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203 \section{Fen\^etres multiples}
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204
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205 \key{C-x 0} \^ote la fen\^etre courante de l'affichage
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206 \key{C-x 1} ne conserve que la fen\^etre active
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207 \key{C-x 2} divise la fen\^etre dans le sens de la hauteur
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208 \key{C-x 3} divise la fen\^etre dans le sens de la largeur
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209 \key{C-x o} va dans une autre fen\^etre
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210
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211 \section{R\'egions}
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212
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213 Emacs d\'efinit une 'r\'egion' comme l'espace entre la {\it marque\/} et
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214 le {\it point}. On positionne une marque avec \kbd{C-{\it espace}}.
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215 Le point est la position courante du curseur.
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216 \askip
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217 \key{M-h} marque le paragraphe entier
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218 \key{C-x h} marque le tampon entier
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219
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220 \section{Suppression et copie}
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221
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222 \key{C-w} supprime la r\'egion
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223 \key{M-w} copie la r\'egion dans le 'kill-ring'
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224 \key{C-k} supprime du curseur jusqu'\`a la fin de la ligne
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225 \key{M-DEL} supprime le mot
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226 \key{C-y} restaure la derni\`ere suppression (la combinaison \kbd{C-w
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227 C-y} sert \`a se d\'eplacer dans le texte)
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228 \key{M-y} remplace la derni\`ere restauration avec la suppression pr\'ec\'edente
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229
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230 \section{Recherche}
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231
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232 \key{C-s} recherche une cha\^\i{}ne
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233 \key{C-r} recherche une cha\^\i{}ne vers l'arri\`ere
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234 \key{RET} quitte la recherche
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235 \key{M-C-s} recherche par expression rationnelle
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236 \key{M-C-r} recherche par expression rationnelle vers l'arri\`ere
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237 \askip
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238 R\'ep\'etez \kbd{C-s} ou \kbd{C-r} pour renouveler une recherche dans une
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239 des deux directions.
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240
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241 \section{Marqueurs}
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242
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243 Les fichiers de tableaux de marqueurs enregistrent les emplacements des
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244 d\'efinitions de fonctions ou de proc\'edures, des variables globales, des
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245 types de donn\'ees et de tout ce qui peut \^etre pratique. Pour cr\'eer un
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246 tel fichier, tapez `{\tt etags} {\it fichier\_entr\'ee}' \`a l'invite du shell.
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247 \askip
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248 \key{M-.} trouve une d\'efinition
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249 \key{C-u M-.} trouve l'occurrence suivante de la d\'efinition
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250 \key{M-*} revient o\`u \kbd{M-.} a \'et\'e appel\'e pour la derni\`ere fois
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251 \mkey{M-x tags-query-replace} lance query-replace sur tous les
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252 fichiers enregistr\'es dans le tableau des marqueurs
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253 \key{M-,} continue la derni\`ere recherche de marqueurs ou le dernier
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254 query-replace
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255
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256 \section{Compilation}
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257
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258 \key{M-x compile} compile le code situ\'e dans la fen\^etre active
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259 \key{C-c C-c} va \`a l'erreur de compilation suivante, lorsque l'on est
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260 dans la fen\^etre de compilation, ou
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261 \key{C-x `} lorsque l'on est dans la fen\^etre du code source
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262
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263 \section{Dired, l'\'editeur de r\'epertoires}
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264
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265 \key{C-x d} appelle Dired
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266 \key{d} marque ce fichier pour une suppression
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267 \key{\~{}} marque tous les fichiers de sauvegarde pour leur suppression
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268 \key{u} supprime la marque de suppression
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269 \key{x} supprime les fichiers marqu\'es pour suppression
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270 \key{C} copie le fichier
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271 \key{g} met \`a jour le tampon de Dired
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272 \key{f} visite le fichier d\'ecrit sur la ligne courante
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273 \key{s} bascule entre ordre alphab\'etique et ordre date/heure
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274
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275 \section{Lecture et envoi de courrier}
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276
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277 \key{M-x rmail} d\'emarre la lecture du courrier
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278 \key{q} quitte la lecture du courrier
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279 \key{h} montre les ent\^etes
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280 \key{d} marque le message courant pour suppression
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281 \key{x} supprime tous les messages marqu\'es pour suppression
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282
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283 \key{C-x m} d\'ebute la composition d'un message
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parents:
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284 \key{C-c C-c} envoie le message et bascule dans un autre tampon
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285 \key{C-c C-f C-c} va \`a l'ent\^ete `CC', en cr\'ee un s'il n'existe pas
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286
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287 \section{Divers}
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288
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289 \key{M-q} formate le paragraphe
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290 \key{M-/} expanse dynamiquement le mot pr\'ec\'edent
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291 \key{C-z} iconifie (suspend) Emacs lorsqu'il s'ex\'ecute sous X ou
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292 sous un shell, respectivement
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293 \mkey{M-x revert-buffer} remplace le texte en cours d'\'edition par le
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294 texte du fichier sur disque
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295
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296 \section{Remplacement interactif}
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297
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298 \key{M-\%} cherche et remplace interactivement
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299 \key{M-C-\%} utilise les expressions rationnelles
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300 \askip
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301 Les r\'eponses correctes dans le mode query-replace sont :
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302 \askip
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303 \key{SPC} remplace celui-ci, passe au suivant
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304 \key{,} remplace ce celui-ci, pas de d\'eplacement
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305 \key{DEL} passe au suivant sans remplacer celui-ci
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306 \key{!} remplace toutes les occurrences suivantes
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307 \key{\^{}} revient \`a l'occurrence pr\'ec\'edente
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308 \key{RET} quitte query-replace
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309 \key{C-r} entre en \'edition r\'ecursive (\kbd{M-C-c} pour en sortir)
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310
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311 \section{Expressions rationnelles}
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312
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313 \key{. {\rm(point)}} n'importe quel caract\`ere unique, sauf la fin de ligne
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314 \key{*} z\'ero r\'ep\'etition ou plus
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315 \key{+} une r\'ep\'etition ou plus
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316 \key{?} z\'ero ou une r\'ep\'etition
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317 \key{[$\ldots$]} repr\'esente une classe de caract\`eres
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318 \key{[\^{}$\ldots$]} compl\'emente la classe
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319
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320 \key{\\{\it c}} prot\`ege les caract\`eres qui, sinon, auraient une
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321 signification sp\'eciale dans les expressions rationnelles.
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322
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323 \key{$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$} correspond \`a une
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324 alternative (``ou'') .
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325 \key{\\( $\ldots$ \\)} groupe une suite d'\'el\'ements de motif pour
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326 former un \'el\'ement unique.
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327 \key{\\{\it n}} le m\^eme texte que le {\it n\/}i\`eme groupe.
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328
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329 \key{\^{}} correspond au d\'ebut de ligne
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330 \key{\$} correspond \`a la fin de ligne
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331
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332 \key{\\w} correspond \`a un caract\`ere de mot
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333 \key{\\W} correspond \`a ce qui n'est pas un caract\`ere mot
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334 \key{\\<} correspond au d\'ebut d'un mot
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335 \key{\\>} correspond \`a la fin d'un mot
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336 \key{\\b} correspond \`a une coupure de mot
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337 \key{\\B} correspond \`a ce qui n'est pas une une coupure de mot
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338
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339 \section{Registres}
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340
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341 \key{C-x r s} sauve la r\'egion dans un registre
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342 \key{C-x r i} ins\`ere le contenu d'un registre dans le tampon
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343
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344 \key{C-x r SPC} sauve la valeur du point dans un registre
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345 \key{C-x r j} va au point sauvegard\'e dans un registre
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346
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347 \section{Rectangles}
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348
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349 \key{C-x r r} copie le rectangle dans un registre
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350 \key{C-x r k} supprime le rectangle
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351 \key{C-x r y} restaure le rectangle
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352 \key{C-x r t} pr\'efixe chaque ligne d'une cha\^\i{}ne
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353
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354 \key{C-x r o} ouvre un rectangle en d\'ecalant le texte vers la droite
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355 \key{C-x r c} vide le rectangle
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356
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357 \section{Shells}
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358
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359 \key{M-x shell} lance un shell dans Emacs
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360 \key{M-!} ex\'ecute une commande dans un shell
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361 \key{M-|} lance une commande shell sur la r\'egion
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362 \key{C-u M-|} filtre la r\'egion via une commande shell
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363
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364 \section{V\'erification orthographique}
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365
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366 \key{M-\$} v\'erifie l'orthographe du mot sous le curseur
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367 \mkey{M-x ispell-region} v\'erifie l'orthographe de tous les mots de la r\'egion
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368 \mkey{M-x ispell-buffer} v\'erifie l'orthographe de tout le tampon
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369
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370 \section{Jeux de caract\`eres internationaux}
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371
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372 \key{C-x RET C-\\} s\'electionne et active une m\'ethode d'entr\'ee pour le
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373 tampon courant
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374 \key{C-\\} active ou d\'esactive la m\'ethode d'entr\'ee
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375 \mkey{M-x list-input-methods} affiche toutes les m\'ethodes d'entr\'ee
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376 \mkey{M-x set-language-environment} pr\'ecise la langue principale
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377
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378 \key{C-x RET c} fixe le syst\`eme de codage pour la commande suivante
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379 \mkey{M-x find-file-literally} visite un fichier sans aucune conversion
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380
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381 \mkey{M-x list-coding-systems} affiche tous les syst\`emes de codage
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382 \mkey{M-x prefer-coding-system} choisit le syst\`eme de codage pr\'ef\'er\'e
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383
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384 \section{Macros clavier}
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385
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386 \key{C-x (} lance la d\'efinition d'une macro clavier
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387 \key{C-x )} termine la d\'efinition d'une macro clavier
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388 \key{C-x e} ex\'ecute la derni\`ere macro clavier d\'efinie
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389 \key{C-u C-x (} ajoute \`a la derni\`ere macro clavier
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390 \mkey{M-x name-last-kbd-macro} donne un nom \`a la derni\`ere macro clavier
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391
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392 \section{Personnalisation simple}
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393
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394 \key{M-x customize} personnalise les variables et les fontes
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395
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396 \section{Obtenir de l'aide}
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397
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398 Emacs effectue pour vous la compl\'etion des commandes. En faisant \kbd{M-x}
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399 {\it tab\/} ou {\it espace\/}, vous obtiendrez une liste des commandes
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400 Emacs.
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401 \askip
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402 \key{C-h} aide d'Emacs
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403 \key{C-h t} lance le didacticiel d'Emacs
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404 \key{C-h i} lance Info, le navigateur de documentations
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405 \key{C-h a} affiche les commandes correspondant \`a une cha\^\i{}ne (apropos)
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406 \key{C-h k} affiche la documentation de la fonction appel\'ee par la
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407 combinaison de touches
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408 \askip
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409 Emacs utilise diff\'erents {\it modes}, chacun d'eux personnalisant
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410 Emacs pour l'\'edition de textes de diff\'erents types. La ligne de mode
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411 contient entre parenth\`eses le nom des modes en cours.
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412 \askip
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413 \key{C-h m} affiche les informations sp\'ecifiques au mode en cours
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414
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415 \copyrightnotice
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416
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417 \bye
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418
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419 % Local variables:
82881
784edcc4181c Specify PDF layout, use a PDF `compile-command' local variable.
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parents: 82658
diff changeset
420 % compile-command: "pdftex survival"
82658
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421 % End:
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422
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423 % arch-tag: 2fb4e93f-8bfa-4ab4-bc6d-b475131d766a