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annotate lisp/calc/calc-comb.el @ 50504:e907858b9aef
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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Wed, 09 Apr 2003 01:33:27 +0000 |
parents | 0d8b17d428b5 |
children | 695cf19ef79e d7ddb3e565de |
rev | line source |
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1 ;;; calc-comb.el --- combinatoric functions for Calc |
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2 |
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3 ;; Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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4 |
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5 ;; Author: David Gillespie <daveg@synaptics.com> |
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6 ;; Maintainers: D. Goel <deego@gnufans.org> |
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7 ;; Colin Walters <walters@debian.org> |
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9 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
10 | |
11 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
12 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY. No author or distributor | |
13 ;; accepts responsibility to anyone for the consequences of using it | |
14 ;; or for whether it serves any particular purpose or works at all, | |
15 ;; unless he says so in writing. Refer to the GNU Emacs General Public | |
16 ;; License for full details. | |
17 | |
18 ;; Everyone is granted permission to copy, modify and redistribute | |
19 ;; GNU Emacs, but only under the conditions described in the | |
20 ;; GNU Emacs General Public License. A copy of this license is | |
21 ;; supposed to have been given to you along with GNU Emacs so you | |
22 ;; can know your rights and responsibilities. It should be in a | |
23 ;; file named COPYING. Among other things, the copyright notice | |
24 ;; and this notice must be preserved on all copies. | |
25 | |
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26 ;;; Commentary: |
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28 ;;; Code: |
40785 | 29 |
30 ;; This file is autoloaded from calc-ext.el. | |
31 (require 'calc-ext) | |
32 | |
33 (require 'calc-macs) | |
34 | |
35 (defun calc-Need-calc-comb () nil) | |
36 | |
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37 (defconst math-primes-table |
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83 4987 4993 4999 5003]) |
40785 | 84 |
85 ;;; Combinatorics | |
86 | |
87 (defun calc-gcd (arg) | |
88 (interactive "P") | |
89 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
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90 (calc-binary-op "gcd" 'calcFunc-gcd arg))) |
40785 | 91 |
92 (defun calc-lcm (arg) | |
93 (interactive "P") | |
94 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
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95 (calc-binary-op "lcm" 'calcFunc-lcm arg))) |
40785 | 96 |
97 (defun calc-extended-gcd () | |
98 (interactive) | |
99 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
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100 (calc-enter-result 2 "egcd" (cons 'calcFunc-egcd (calc-top-list-n 2))))) |
40785 | 101 |
102 (defun calc-factorial (arg) | |
103 (interactive "P") | |
104 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
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105 (calc-unary-op "fact" 'calcFunc-fact arg))) |
40785 | 106 |
107 (defun calc-gamma (arg) | |
108 (interactive "P") | |
109 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
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110 (calc-unary-op "gmma" 'calcFunc-gamma arg))) |
40785 | 111 |
112 (defun calc-double-factorial (arg) | |
113 (interactive "P") | |
114 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
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115 (calc-unary-op "dfac" 'calcFunc-dfact arg))) |
40785 | 116 |
117 (defun calc-choose (arg) | |
118 (interactive "P") | |
119 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
120 (if (calc-is-hyperbolic) | |
121 (calc-binary-op "perm" 'calcFunc-perm arg) | |
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122 (calc-binary-op "chos" 'calcFunc-choose arg)))) |
40785 | 123 |
124 (defun calc-perm (arg) | |
125 (interactive "P") | |
126 (calc-hyperbolic-func) | |
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127 (calc-choose arg)) |
40785 | 128 |
129 (defvar calc-last-random-limit '(float 1 0)) | |
130 (defun calc-random (n) | |
131 (interactive "P") | |
132 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
133 (if n | |
134 (calc-enter-result 0 "rand" (list 'calcFunc-random | |
135 (calc-get-random-limit | |
136 (prefix-numeric-value n)))) | |
137 (calc-enter-result 1 "rand" (list 'calcFunc-random | |
138 (calc-get-random-limit | |
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139 (calc-top-n 1))))))) |
40785 | 140 |
141 (defun calc-get-random-limit (val) | |
142 (if (eq val 0) | |
143 calc-last-random-limit | |
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144 (setq calc-last-random-limit val))) |
40785 | 145 |
146 (defun calc-rrandom () | |
147 (interactive) | |
148 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
149 (setq calc-last-random-limit '(float 1 0)) | |
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150 (calc-enter-result 0 "rand" (list 'calcFunc-random '(float 1 0))))) |
40785 | 151 |
152 (defun calc-random-again (arg) | |
153 (interactive "p") | |
154 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
155 (while (>= (setq arg (1- arg)) 0) | |
156 (calc-enter-result 0 "rand" (list 'calcFunc-random | |
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157 calc-last-random-limit))))) |
40785 | 158 |
159 (defun calc-shuffle (n) | |
160 (interactive "P") | |
161 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
162 (if n | |
163 (calc-enter-result 1 "shuf" (list 'calcFunc-shuffle | |
164 (prefix-numeric-value n) | |
165 (calc-get-random-limit | |
166 (calc-top-n 1)))) | |
167 (calc-enter-result 2 "shuf" (list 'calcFunc-shuffle | |
168 (calc-top-n 1) | |
169 (calc-get-random-limit | |
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170 (calc-top-n 2))))))) |
40785 | 171 |
172 (defun calc-report-prime-test (res) | |
173 (cond ((eq (car res) t) | |
174 (calc-record-message "prim" "Prime (guaranteed)")) | |
175 ((eq (car res) nil) | |
176 (if (cdr res) | |
177 (if (eq (nth 1 res) 'unknown) | |
178 (calc-record-message | |
179 "prim" "Non-prime (factors unknown)") | |
180 (calc-record-message | |
181 "prim" "Non-prime (%s is a factor)" | |
182 (math-format-number (nth 1 res)))) | |
183 (calc-record-message "prim" "Non-prime"))) | |
184 (t | |
185 (calc-record-message | |
186 "prim" "Probably prime (%d iters; %s%% chance of error)" | |
187 (nth 1 res) | |
188 (let ((calc-float-format '(fix 2))) | |
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189 (math-format-number (nth 2 res))))))) |
40785 | 190 |
191 (defun calc-prime-test (iters) | |
192 (interactive "p") | |
193 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
194 (let* ((n (calc-top-n 1)) | |
195 (res (math-prime-test n iters))) | |
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196 (calc-report-prime-test res)))) |
40785 | 197 |
198 (defun calc-next-prime (iters) | |
199 (interactive "p") | |
200 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
201 (let ((calc-verbose-nextprime t)) | |
202 (if (calc-is-inverse) | |
203 (calc-enter-result 1 "prvp" (list 'calcFunc-prevprime | |
204 (calc-top-n 1) (math-abs iters))) | |
205 (calc-enter-result 1 "nxtp" (list 'calcFunc-nextprime | |
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206 (calc-top-n 1) (math-abs iters))))))) |
40785 | 207 |
208 (defun calc-prev-prime (iters) | |
209 (interactive "p") | |
210 (calc-invert-func) | |
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211 (calc-next-prime iters)) |
40785 | 212 |
213 (defun calc-prime-factors (iters) | |
214 (interactive "p") | |
215 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
216 (let ((res (calcFunc-prfac (calc-top-n 1)))) | |
217 (if (not math-prime-factors-finished) | |
218 (calc-record-message "pfac" "Warning: May not be fully factored")) | |
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219 (calc-enter-result 1 "pfac" res)))) |
40785 | 220 |
221 (defun calc-totient (arg) | |
222 (interactive "P") | |
223 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
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224 (calc-unary-op "phi" 'calcFunc-totient arg))) |
40785 | 225 |
226 (defun calc-moebius (arg) | |
227 (interactive "P") | |
228 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
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229 (calc-unary-op "mu" 'calcFunc-moebius arg))) |
40785 | 230 |
231 | |
232 (defun calcFunc-gcd (a b) | |
233 (if (Math-messy-integerp a) | |
234 (setq a (math-trunc a))) | |
235 (if (Math-messy-integerp b) | |
236 (setq b (math-trunc b))) | |
237 (cond ((and (Math-integerp a) (Math-integerp b)) | |
238 (math-gcd a b)) | |
239 ((Math-looks-negp a) | |
240 (calcFunc-gcd (math-neg a) b)) | |
241 ((Math-looks-negp b) | |
242 (calcFunc-gcd a (math-neg b))) | |
243 ((Math-zerop a) b) | |
244 ((Math-zerop b) a) | |
245 ((and (Math-ratp a) | |
246 (Math-ratp b)) | |
247 (math-make-frac (math-gcd (if (eq (car-safe a) 'frac) (nth 1 a) a) | |
248 (if (eq (car-safe b) 'frac) (nth 1 b) b)) | |
249 (calcFunc-lcm | |
250 (if (eq (car-safe a) 'frac) (nth 2 a) 1) | |
251 (if (eq (car-safe b) 'frac) (nth 2 b) 1)))) | |
252 ((not (Math-integerp a)) | |
253 (calc-record-why 'integerp a) | |
254 (list 'calcFunc-gcd a b)) | |
255 (t | |
256 (calc-record-why 'integerp b) | |
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257 (list 'calcFunc-gcd a b)))) |
40785 | 258 |
259 (defun calcFunc-lcm (a b) | |
260 (let ((g (calcFunc-gcd a b))) | |
261 (if (Math-numberp g) | |
262 (math-div (math-mul a b) g) | |
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263 (list 'calcFunc-lcm a b)))) |
40785 | 264 |
265 (defun calcFunc-egcd (a b) ; Knuth section 4.5.2 | |
266 (cond | |
267 ((not (Math-integerp a)) | |
268 (if (Math-messy-integerp a) | |
269 (calcFunc-egcd (math-trunc a) b) | |
270 (calc-record-why 'integerp a) | |
271 (list 'calcFunc-egcd a b))) | |
272 ((not (Math-integerp b)) | |
273 (if (Math-messy-integerp b) | |
274 (calcFunc-egcd a (math-trunc b)) | |
275 (calc-record-why 'integerp b) | |
276 (list 'calcFunc-egcd a b))) | |
277 (t | |
278 (let ((u1 1) (u2 0) (u3 a) | |
279 (v1 0) (v2 1) (v3 b) | |
280 t1 t2 q) | |
281 (while (not (eq v3 0)) | |
282 (setq q (math-idivmod u3 v3) | |
283 t1 (math-sub u1 (math-mul v1 (car q))) | |
284 t2 (math-sub u2 (math-mul v2 (car q))) | |
285 u1 v1 u2 v2 u3 v3 | |
286 v1 t1 v2 t2 v3 (cdr q))) | |
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287 (list 'vec u3 u1 u2))))) |
40785 | 288 |
289 | |
290 ;;; Factorial and related functions. | |
291 | |
292 (defun calcFunc-fact (n) ; [I I] [F F] [Public] | |
293 (let (temp) | |
294 (cond ((Math-integer-negp n) | |
295 (if calc-infinite-mode | |
296 '(var uinf var-uinf) | |
297 (math-reject-arg n 'range))) | |
298 ((integerp n) | |
299 (if (<= n 20) | |
300 (aref '[1 1 2 6 24 120 720 5040 40320 362880 | |
301 (bigpos 800 628 3) (bigpos 800 916 39) | |
302 (bigpos 600 1 479) (bigpos 800 20 227 6) | |
303 (bigpos 200 291 178 87) (bigpos 0 368 674 307 1) | |
304 (bigpos 0 888 789 922 20) (bigpos 0 96 428 687 355) | |
305 (bigpos 0 728 705 373 402 6) | |
306 (bigpos 0 832 408 100 645 121) | |
307 (bigpos 0 640 176 8 902 432 2)] n) | |
308 (math-factorial-iter (1- n) 2 1))) | |
309 ((and (math-messy-integerp n) | |
310 (Math-lessp n 100)) | |
311 (math-inexact-result) | |
312 (setq temp (math-trunc n)) | |
313 (if (>= temp 0) | |
314 (if (<= temp 20) | |
315 (math-float (calcFunc-fact temp)) | |
316 (math-with-extra-prec 1 | |
317 (math-factorial-iter (1- temp) 2 '(float 1 0)))) | |
318 (math-reject-arg n 'range))) | |
319 ((math-numberp n) | |
320 (let* ((q (math-quarter-integer n)) | |
321 (tn (and q (Math-lessp n 1000) (Math-lessp -1000 n) | |
322 (1+ (math-floor n))))) | |
323 (cond ((and tn (= q 2) | |
324 (or calc-symbolic-mode (< (math-abs tn) 20))) | |
325 (let ((q (if (< tn 0) | |
326 (math-div | |
327 (math-pow -2 (- tn)) | |
328 (math-double-factorial-iter (* -2 tn) 3 1 2)) | |
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329 (math-div |
40785 | 330 (math-double-factorial-iter (* 2 tn) 3 1 2) |
331 (math-pow 2 tn))))) | |
332 (math-mul q (if calc-symbolic-mode | |
333 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt '(var pi var-pi)) | |
334 (math-sqrt-pi))))) | |
335 ((and tn (>= tn 0) (< tn 20) | |
336 (memq q '(1 3))) | |
337 (math-inexact-result) | |
338 (math-div | |
339 (math-mul (math-double-factorial-iter (* 4 tn) q 1 4) | |
340 (if (= q 1) (math-gamma-1q) (math-gamma-3q))) | |
341 (math-pow 4 tn))) | |
342 (t | |
343 (math-inexact-result) | |
344 (math-with-extra-prec 3 | |
345 (math-gammap1-raw (math-float n))))))) | |
346 ((equal n '(var inf var-inf)) n) | |
347 (t (calc-record-why 'numberp n) | |
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348 (list 'calcFunc-fact n))))) |
40785 | 349 |
350 (math-defcache math-gamma-1q nil | |
351 (math-with-extra-prec 3 | |
352 (math-gammap1-raw '(float -75 -2)))) | |
353 | |
354 (math-defcache math-gamma-3q nil | |
355 (math-with-extra-prec 3 | |
356 (math-gammap1-raw '(float -25 -2)))) | |
357 | |
358 (defun math-factorial-iter (count n f) | |
359 (if (= (% n 5) 1) | |
360 (math-working (format "factorial(%d)" (1- n)) f)) | |
361 (if (> count 0) | |
362 (math-factorial-iter (1- count) (1+ n) (math-mul n f)) | |
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363 f)) |
40785 | 364 |
365 (defun calcFunc-dfact (n) ; [I I] [F F] [Public] | |
366 (cond ((Math-integer-negp n) | |
367 (if (math-oddp n) | |
368 (if (eq n -1) | |
369 1 | |
370 (math-div (if (eq (math-mod n 4) 3) 1 -1) | |
371 (calcFunc-dfact (math-sub -2 n)))) | |
372 (list 'calcFunc-dfact n))) | |
373 ((Math-zerop n) 1) | |
374 ((integerp n) (math-double-factorial-iter n (+ 2 (% n 2)) 1 2)) | |
375 ((math-messy-integerp n) | |
376 (let ((temp (math-trunc n))) | |
377 (math-inexact-result) | |
378 (if (natnump temp) | |
379 (if (Math-lessp temp 200) | |
380 (math-with-extra-prec 1 | |
381 (math-double-factorial-iter temp (+ 2 (% temp 2)) | |
382 '(float 1 0) 2)) | |
383 (let* ((half (math-div2 temp)) | |
384 (even (math-mul (math-pow 2 half) | |
385 (calcFunc-fact (math-float half))))) | |
386 (if (math-evenp temp) | |
387 even | |
388 (math-div (calcFunc-fact n) even)))) | |
389 (list 'calcFunc-dfact max)))) | |
390 ((equal n '(var inf var-inf)) n) | |
391 (t (calc-record-why 'natnump n) | |
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392 (list 'calcFunc-dfact n)))) |
40785 | 393 |
394 (defun math-double-factorial-iter (max n f step) | |
395 (if (< (% n 12) step) | |
396 (math-working (format "dfact(%d)" (- n step)) f)) | |
397 (if (<= n max) | |
398 (math-double-factorial-iter max (+ n step) (math-mul n f) step) | |
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399 f)) |
40785 | 400 |
401 (defun calcFunc-perm (n m) ; [I I I] [F F F] [Public] | |
402 (cond ((and (integerp n) (integerp m) (<= m n) (>= m 0)) | |
403 (math-factorial-iter m (1+ (- n m)) 1)) | |
404 ((or (not (math-num-integerp n)) | |
405 (and (math-messy-integerp n) (Math-lessp 100 n)) | |
406 (not (math-num-integerp m)) | |
407 (and (math-messy-integerp m) (Math-lessp 100 m))) | |
408 (or (math-realp n) (equal n '(var inf var-inf)) | |
409 (math-reject-arg n 'realp)) | |
410 (or (math-realp m) (equal m '(var inf var-inf)) | |
411 (math-reject-arg m 'realp)) | |
412 (and (math-num-integerp n) (math-negp n) (math-reject-arg n 'range)) | |
413 (and (math-num-integerp m) (math-negp m) (math-reject-arg m 'range)) | |
414 (math-div (calcFunc-fact n) (calcFunc-fact (math-sub n m)))) | |
415 (t | |
416 (let ((tn (math-trunc n)) | |
417 (tm (math-trunc m))) | |
418 (math-inexact-result) | |
419 (or (integerp tn) (math-reject-arg tn 'fixnump)) | |
420 (or (integerp tm) (math-reject-arg tm 'fixnump)) | |
421 (or (and (<= tm tn) (>= tm 0)) (math-reject-arg tm 'range)) | |
422 (math-with-extra-prec 1 | |
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423 (math-factorial-iter tm (1+ (- tn tm)) '(float 1 0))))))) |
40785 | 424 |
425 (defun calcFunc-choose (n m) ; [I I I] [F F F] [Public] | |
426 (cond ((and (integerp n) (integerp m) (<= m n) (>= m 0)) | |
427 (if (> m (/ n 2)) | |
428 (math-choose-iter (- n m) n 1 1) | |
429 (math-choose-iter m n 1 1))) | |
430 ((not (math-realp n)) | |
431 (math-reject-arg n 'realp)) | |
432 ((not (math-realp m)) | |
433 (math-reject-arg m 'realp)) | |
434 ((not (math-num-integerp m)) | |
435 (if (and (math-num-integerp n) (math-negp n)) | |
436 (list 'calcFunc-choose n m) | |
437 (math-div (calcFunc-fact (math-float n)) | |
438 (math-mul (calcFunc-fact m) | |
439 (calcFunc-fact (math-sub n m)))))) | |
440 ((math-negp m) 0) | |
441 ((math-negp n) | |
442 (let ((val (calcFunc-choose (math-add (math-add n m) -1) m))) | |
443 (if (math-evenp (math-trunc m)) | |
444 val | |
445 (math-neg val)))) | |
446 ((and (math-num-integerp n) | |
447 (Math-lessp n m)) | |
448 0) | |
449 (t | |
450 (math-inexact-result) | |
451 (let ((tm (math-trunc m))) | |
452 (or (integerp tm) (math-reject-arg tm 'fixnump)) | |
453 (if (> tm 100) | |
454 (math-div (calcFunc-fact (math-float n)) | |
455 (math-mul (calcFunc-fact (math-float m)) | |
456 (calcFunc-fact (math-float | |
457 (math-sub n m))))) | |
458 (math-with-extra-prec 1 | |
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459 (math-choose-float-iter tm n 1 1))))))) |
40785 | 460 |
461 (defun math-choose-iter (m n i c) | |
462 (if (and (= (% i 5) 1) (> i 5)) | |
463 (math-working (format "choose(%d)" (1- i)) c)) | |
464 (if (<= i m) | |
465 (math-choose-iter m (1- n) (1+ i) | |
466 (math-quotient (math-mul c n) i)) | |
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467 c)) |
40785 | 468 |
469 (defun math-choose-float-iter (count n i c) | |
470 (if (= (% i 5) 1) | |
471 (math-working (format "choose(%d)" (1- i)) c)) | |
472 (if (> count 0) | |
473 (math-choose-float-iter (1- count) (math-sub n 1) (1+ i) | |
474 (math-div (math-mul c n) i)) | |
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475 c)) |
40785 | 476 |
477 | |
478 ;;; Stirling numbers. | |
479 | |
480 (defun calcFunc-stir1 (n m) | |
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481 (math-stirling-number n m 1)) |
40785 | 482 |
483 (defun calcFunc-stir2 (n m) | |
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484 (math-stirling-number n m 0)) |
40785 | 485 |
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486 (defvar math-stirling-cache (vector [[1]] [[1]])) |
40785 | 487 (defun math-stirling-number (n m k) |
488 (or (math-num-natnump n) (math-reject-arg n 'natnump)) | |
489 (or (math-num-natnump m) (math-reject-arg m 'natnump)) | |
490 (if (consp n) (setq n (math-trunc n))) | |
491 (or (integerp n) (math-reject-arg n 'fixnump)) | |
492 (if (consp m) (setq m (math-trunc m))) | |
493 (or (integerp m) (math-reject-arg m 'fixnump)) | |
494 (if (< n m) | |
495 0 | |
496 (let ((cache (aref math-stirling-cache k))) | |
497 (while (<= (length cache) n) | |
498 (let ((i (1- (length cache))) | |
499 row) | |
500 (setq cache (vconcat cache (make-vector (length cache) nil))) | |
501 (aset math-stirling-cache k cache) | |
502 (while (< (setq i (1+ i)) (length cache)) | |
503 (aset cache i (setq row (make-vector (1+ i) nil))) | |
504 (aset row 0 0) | |
505 (aset row i 1)))) | |
506 (if (= k 1) | |
507 (math-stirling-1 n m) | |
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508 (math-stirling-2 n m))))) |
40785 | 509 |
510 (defun math-stirling-1 (n m) | |
511 (or (aref (aref cache n) m) | |
512 (aset (aref cache n) m | |
513 (math-add (math-stirling-1 (1- n) (1- m)) | |
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514 (math-mul (- 1 n) (math-stirling-1 (1- n) m)))))) |
40785 | 515 |
516 (defun math-stirling-2 (n m) | |
517 (or (aref (aref cache n) m) | |
518 (aset (aref cache n) m | |
519 (math-add (math-stirling-2 (1- n) (1- m)) | |
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520 (math-mul m (math-stirling-2 (1- n) m)))))) |
40785 | 521 |
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522 (defvar math-random-table nil) |
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523 (defvar math-last-RandSeed nil) |
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524 (defvar math-random-ptr1 nil) |
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525 (defvar math-random-ptr2 nil) |
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526 (defvar math-random-shift nil) |
40785 | 527 |
528 ;;; Produce a random 10-bit integer, with (random) if no seed provided, | |
529 ;;; or else with Numerical Recipes algorithm ran3 / Knuth 3.2.2-A. | |
530 (defun math-init-random-base () | |
531 (if (and (boundp 'var-RandSeed) var-RandSeed) | |
532 (if (eq (car-safe var-RandSeed) 'vec) | |
533 nil | |
534 (if (Math-integerp var-RandSeed) | |
535 (let* ((seed (math-sub 161803 var-RandSeed)) | |
536 (mj (1+ (math-mod seed '(bigpos 0 0 1)))) | |
537 (mk (1+ (math-mod (math-quotient seed '(bigpos 0 0 1)) | |
538 '(bigpos 0 0 1)))) | |
539 (i 0)) | |
540 (setq math-random-table (cons 'vec (make-list 55 mj))) | |
541 (while (<= (setq i (1+ i)) 54) | |
542 (let* ((ii (% (* i 21) 55)) | |
543 (p (nthcdr ii math-random-table))) | |
544 (setcar p mk) | |
545 (setq mk (- mj mk) | |
546 mj (car p))))) | |
547 (math-reject-arg var-RandSeed "*RandSeed must be an integer")) | |
548 (setq var-RandSeed (list 'vec var-RandSeed) | |
549 math-random-ptr1 math-random-table | |
550 math-random-cache nil | |
551 math-random-ptr2 (nthcdr 31 math-random-table)) | |
552 (let ((i 200)) | |
553 (while (> (setq i (1- i)) 0) | |
554 (math-random-base)))) | |
555 (random t) | |
556 (setq var-RandSeed nil | |
557 math-random-cache nil | |
558 i 0 | |
559 math-random-shift -4) ; assume RAND_MAX >= 16383 | |
560 ;; This exercises the random number generator and also helps | |
561 ;; deduce a better value for RAND_MAX. | |
562 (while (< (setq i (1+ i)) 30) | |
563 (if (> (lsh (math-abs (random)) math-random-shift) 4095) | |
564 (setq math-random-shift (1- math-random-shift))))) | |
565 (setq math-last-RandSeed var-RandSeed | |
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566 math-gaussian-cache nil)) |
40785 | 567 |
568 (defun math-random-base () | |
569 (if var-RandSeed | |
570 (progn | |
571 (setq math-random-ptr1 (or (cdr math-random-ptr1) | |
572 (cdr math-random-table)) | |
573 math-random-ptr2 (or (cdr math-random-ptr2) | |
574 (cdr math-random-table))) | |
575 (logand (lsh (setcar math-random-ptr1 | |
576 (logand (- (car math-random-ptr1) | |
577 (car math-random-ptr2)) 524287)) | |
578 -6) 1023)) | |
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579 (logand (lsh (random) math-random-shift) 1023))) |
40785 | 580 |
581 | |
582 ;;; Produce a random digit in the range 0..999. | |
583 ;;; Avoid various pitfalls that may lurk in the built-in (random) function! | |
584 ;;; Shuffling algorithm from Numerical Recipes, section 7.1. | |
585 (defun math-random-digit () | |
586 (let (i) | |
587 (or (and (boundp 'var-RandSeed) (eq var-RandSeed math-last-RandSeed)) | |
588 (math-init-random-base)) | |
589 (or math-random-cache | |
590 (progn | |
591 (setq math-random-last (math-random-base) | |
592 math-random-cache (make-vector 13 nil) | |
593 i -1) | |
594 (while (< (setq i (1+ i)) 13) | |
595 (aset math-random-cache i (math-random-base))))) | |
596 (while (progn | |
597 (setq i (/ math-random-last 79) ; 0 <= i < 13 | |
598 math-random-last (aref math-random-cache i)) | |
599 (aset math-random-cache i (math-random-base)) | |
600 (>= math-random-last 1000))) | |
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601 math-random-last)) |
40785 | 602 (setq math-random-cache nil) |
603 | |
604 ;;; Produce an N-digit random integer. | |
605 (defun math-random-digits (n) | |
606 (cond ((<= n 6) | |
607 (math-scale-right (+ (* (math-random-digit) 1000) (math-random-digit)) | |
608 (- 6 n))) | |
609 (t (let* ((slop (% (- 900003 n) 3)) | |
610 (i (/ (+ n slop) 3)) | |
611 (digs nil)) | |
612 (while (> i 0) | |
613 (setq digs (cons (math-random-digit) digs) | |
614 i (1- i))) | |
615 (math-normalize (math-scale-right (cons 'bigpos digs) | |
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616 slop)))))) |
40785 | 617 |
618 ;;; Produce a uniformly-distributed random float 0 <= N < 1. | |
619 (defun math-random-float () | |
620 (math-make-float (math-random-digits calc-internal-prec) | |
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621 (- calc-internal-prec))) |
40785 | 622 |
623 ;;; Produce a Gaussian-distributed random float with mean=0, sigma=1. | |
624 (defun math-gaussian-float () | |
625 (math-with-extra-prec 2 | |
626 (if (and math-gaussian-cache | |
627 (= (car math-gaussian-cache) calc-internal-prec)) | |
628 (prog1 | |
629 (cdr math-gaussian-cache) | |
630 (setq math-gaussian-cache nil)) | |
631 (let* ((v1 (math-add (math-mul (math-random-float) 2) -1)) | |
632 (v2 (math-add (math-mul (math-random-float) 2) -1)) | |
633 (r (math-add (math-sqr v1) (math-sqr v2)))) | |
634 (while (or (not (Math-lessp r 1)) (math-zerop r)) | |
635 (setq v1 (math-add (math-mul (math-random-float) 2) -1) | |
636 v2 (math-add (math-mul (math-random-float) 2) -1) | |
637 r (math-add (math-sqr v1) (math-sqr v2)))) | |
638 (let ((fac (math-sqrt (math-mul (math-div (calcFunc-ln r) r) -2)))) | |
639 (setq math-gaussian-cache (cons calc-internal-prec | |
640 (math-mul v1 fac))) | |
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641 (math-mul v2 fac)))))) |
40785 | 642 (setq math-gaussian-cache nil) |
643 | |
644 ;;; Produce a random integer or real 0 <= N < MAX. | |
645 (defun calcFunc-random (max) | |
646 (cond ((Math-zerop max) | |
647 (math-gaussian-float)) | |
648 ((Math-integerp max) | |
649 (let* ((digs (math-numdigs max)) | |
650 (r (math-random-digits (+ digs 3)))) | |
651 (math-mod r max))) | |
652 ((Math-realp max) | |
653 (math-mul (math-random-float) max)) | |
654 ((and (eq (car max) 'intv) (math-constp max) | |
655 (Math-lessp (nth 2 max) (nth 3 max))) | |
656 (if (math-floatp max) | |
657 (let ((val (math-add (math-mul (math-random-float) | |
658 (math-sub (nth 3 max) (nth 2 max))) | |
659 (nth 2 max)))) | |
660 (if (or (and (memq (nth 1 max) '(0 1)) ; almost not worth | |
661 (Math-equal val (nth 2 max))) ; checking! | |
662 (and (memq (nth 1 max) '(0 2)) | |
663 (Math-equal val (nth 3 max)))) | |
664 (calcFunc-random max) | |
665 val)) | |
666 (let ((lo (if (memq (nth 1 max) '(0 1)) | |
667 (math-add (nth 2 max) 1) (nth 2 max))) | |
668 (hi (if (memq (nth 1 max) '(1 3)) | |
669 (math-add (nth 3 max) 1) (nth 3 max)))) | |
670 (if (Math-lessp lo hi) | |
671 (math-add (calcFunc-random (math-sub hi lo)) lo) | |
672 (math-reject-arg max "*Empty interval"))))) | |
673 ((eq (car max) 'vec) | |
674 (if (cdr max) | |
675 (nth (1+ (calcFunc-random (1- (length max)))) max) | |
676 (math-reject-arg max "*Empty list"))) | |
677 ((and (eq (car max) 'sdev) (math-constp max) (Math-realp (nth 1 max))) | |
678 (math-add (math-mul (math-gaussian-float) (nth 2 max)) (nth 1 max))) | |
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679 (t (math-reject-arg max 'realp)))) |
40785 | 680 |
681 ;;; Choose N objects at random from the set MAX without duplicates. | |
682 (defun calcFunc-shuffle (n &optional max) | |
683 (or max (setq max n n -1)) | |
684 (or (and (Math-num-integerp n) | |
685 (or (natnump (setq n (math-trunc n))) (eq n -1))) | |
686 (math-reject-arg n 'integerp)) | |
687 (cond ((or (math-zerop max) | |
688 (math-floatp max) | |
689 (eq (car-safe max) 'sdev)) | |
690 (if (< n 0) | |
691 (math-reject-arg n 'natnump) | |
692 (math-simple-shuffle n max))) | |
693 ((and (<= n 1) (>= n 0)) | |
694 (math-simple-shuffle n max)) | |
695 ((and (eq (car-safe max) 'intv) (math-constp max)) | |
696 (let ((num (math-add (math-sub (nth 3 max) (nth 2 max)) | |
697 (cdr (assq (nth 1 max) | |
698 '((0 . -1) (1 . 0) | |
699 (2 . 0) (3 . 1)))))) | |
700 (min (math-add (nth 2 max) (if (memq (nth 1 max) '(0 1)) | |
701 1 0)))) | |
702 (if (< n 0) (setq n num)) | |
703 (or (math-posp num) (math-reject-arg max 'range)) | |
704 (and (Math-lessp num n) (math-reject-arg n 'range)) | |
705 (if (Math-lessp n (math-quotient num 3)) | |
706 (math-simple-shuffle n max) | |
707 (if (> (* n 4) (* num 3)) | |
708 (math-add (math-sub min 1) | |
709 (math-shuffle-list n num (calcFunc-index num))) | |
710 (let ((tot 0) | |
711 (m 0) | |
712 (vec nil)) | |
713 (while (< m n) | |
714 (if (< (calcFunc-random (- num tot)) (- n m)) | |
715 (setq vec (cons (math-add min tot) vec) | |
716 m (1+ m))) | |
717 (setq tot (1+ tot))) | |
718 (math-shuffle-list n n (cons 'vec vec))))))) | |
719 ((eq (car-safe max) 'vec) | |
720 (let ((size (1- (length max)))) | |
721 (if (< n 0) (setq n size)) | |
722 (if (and (> n (/ size 2)) (<= n size)) | |
723 (math-shuffle-list n size (copy-sequence max)) | |
724 (let* ((vals (calcFunc-shuffle | |
725 n (list 'intv 3 1 (1- (length max))))) | |
726 (p vals)) | |
727 (while (setq p (cdr p)) | |
728 (setcar p (nth (car p) max))) | |
729 vals)))) | |
730 ((math-integerp max) | |
731 (if (math-posp max) | |
732 (calcFunc-shuffle n (list 'intv 2 0 max)) | |
733 (calcFunc-shuffle n (list 'intv 1 max 0)))) | |
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734 (t (math-reject-arg max 'realp)))) |
40785 | 735 |
736 (defun math-simple-shuffle (n max) | |
737 (let ((vec nil) | |
738 val) | |
739 (while (>= (setq n (1- n)) 0) | |
740 (while (math-member (setq val (calcFunc-random max)) vec)) | |
741 (setq vec (cons val vec))) | |
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742 (cons 'vec vec))) |
40785 | 743 |
744 (defun math-shuffle-list (n size vec) | |
745 (let ((j size) | |
746 k temp | |
747 (p vec)) | |
748 (while (cdr (setq p (cdr p))) | |
749 (setq k (calcFunc-random j) | |
750 j (1- j) | |
751 temp (nth k p)) | |
752 (setcar (nthcdr k p) (car p)) | |
753 (setcar p temp)) | |
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754 (cons 'vec (nthcdr (- size n -1) vec)))) |
40785 | 755 |
756 (defun math-member (x list) | |
757 (while (and list (not (equal x (car list)))) | |
758 (setq list (cdr list))) | |
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759 list) |
40785 | 760 |
761 | |
762 ;;; Check if the integer N is prime. [X I] | |
763 ;;; Return (nil) if non-prime, | |
764 ;;; (nil N) if non-prime with known factor N, | |
765 ;;; (nil unknown) if non-prime with no known factors, | |
766 ;;; (t) if prime, | |
767 ;;; (maybe N P) if probably prime (after N iters with probability P%) | |
768 (defun math-prime-test (n iters) | |
769 (if (and (Math-vectorp n) (cdr n)) | |
770 (setq n (nth (1- (length n)) n))) | |
771 (if (Math-messy-integerp n) | |
772 (setq n (math-trunc n))) | |
773 (let ((res)) | |
774 (while (> iters 0) | |
775 (setq res | |
776 (cond ((and (integerp n) (<= n 5003)) | |
777 (list (= (math-next-small-prime n) n))) | |
778 ((not (Math-integerp n)) | |
779 (error "Argument must be an integer")) | |
780 ((Math-integer-negp n) | |
781 '(nil)) | |
782 ((Math-natnum-lessp n '(bigpos 0 0 8)) | |
783 (setq n (math-fixnum n)) | |
784 (let ((i -1) v) | |
785 (while (and (> (% n (setq v (aref math-primes-table | |
786 (setq i (1+ i))))) | |
787 0) | |
788 (< (* v v) n))) | |
789 (if (= (% n v) 0) | |
790 (list nil v) | |
791 '(t)))) | |
792 ((not (equal n (car math-prime-test-cache))) | |
793 (cond ((= (% (nth 1 n) 2) 0) '(nil 2)) | |
794 ((= (% (nth 1 n) 5) 0) '(nil 5)) | |
795 (t (let ((dig (cdr n)) (sum 0)) | |
796 (while dig | |
797 (if (cdr dig) | |
798 (setq sum (% (+ (+ sum (car dig)) | |
799 (* (nth 1 dig) 1000)) | |
800 111111) | |
801 dig (cdr (cdr dig))) | |
802 (setq sum (% (+ sum (car dig)) 111111) | |
803 dig nil))) | |
804 (cond ((= (% sum 3) 0) '(nil 3)) | |
805 ((= (% sum 7) 0) '(nil 7)) | |
806 ((= (% sum 11) 0) '(nil 11)) | |
807 ((= (% sum 13) 0) '(nil 13)) | |
808 ((= (% sum 37) 0) '(nil 37)) | |
809 (t | |
810 (setq math-prime-test-cache-k 1 | |
811 math-prime-test-cache-q | |
812 (math-div2 n) | |
813 math-prime-test-cache-nm1 | |
814 (math-add n -1)) | |
815 (while (math-evenp | |
816 math-prime-test-cache-q) | |
817 (setq math-prime-test-cache-k | |
818 (1+ math-prime-test-cache-k) | |
819 math-prime-test-cache-q | |
820 (math-div2 | |
821 math-prime-test-cache-q))) | |
822 (setq iters (1+ iters)) | |
823 (list 'maybe | |
824 0 | |
825 (math-sub | |
826 100 | |
827 (math-div | |
828 '(float 232 0) | |
829 (math-numdigs n)))))))))) | |
830 ((not (eq (car (nth 1 math-prime-test-cache)) 'maybe)) | |
831 (nth 1 math-prime-test-cache)) | |
832 (t ; Fermat step | |
833 (let* ((x (math-add (calcFunc-random (math-add n -2)) 2)) | |
834 (y (math-pow-mod x math-prime-test-cache-q n)) | |
835 (j 0)) | |
836 (while (and (not (eq y 1)) | |
837 (not (equal y math-prime-test-cache-nm1)) | |
838 (< (setq j (1+ j)) math-prime-test-cache-k)) | |
839 (setq y (math-mod (math-mul y y) n))) | |
840 (if (or (equal y math-prime-test-cache-nm1) | |
841 (and (eq y 1) (eq j 0))) | |
842 (list 'maybe | |
843 (1+ (nth 1 (nth 1 math-prime-test-cache))) | |
844 (math-mul (nth 2 (nth 1 math-prime-test-cache)) | |
845 '(float 25 -2))) | |
846 '(nil unknown)))))) | |
847 (setq math-prime-test-cache (list n res) | |
848 iters (if (eq (car res) 'maybe) | |
849 (1- iters) | |
850 0))) | |
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851 res)) |
40785 | 852 (defvar math-prime-test-cache '(-1)) |
853 | |
854 (defun calcFunc-prime (n &optional iters) | |
855 (or (math-num-integerp n) (math-reject-arg n 'integerp)) | |
856 (or (not iters) (math-num-integerp iters) (math-reject-arg iters 'integerp)) | |
857 (if (car (math-prime-test (math-trunc n) (math-trunc (or iters 1)))) | |
858 1 | |
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859 0)) |
40785 | 860 |
861 ;;; Theory: summing base-10^6 digits modulo 111111 is "casting out 999999s". | |
862 ;;; Initial probability that N is prime is 1/ln(N) = log10(e)/log10(N). | |
863 ;;; After culling [2,3,5,7,11,13,37], probability of primality is 5.36 x more. | |
864 ;;; Initial reported probability of non-primality is thus 100% - this. | |
865 ;;; Each Fermat step multiplies this probability by 25%. | |
866 ;;; The Fermat step is algorithm P from Knuth section 4.5.4. | |
867 | |
868 | |
869 (defun calcFunc-prfac (n) | |
870 (setq math-prime-factors-finished t) | |
871 (if (Math-messy-integerp n) | |
872 (setq n (math-trunc n))) | |
873 (if (Math-natnump n) | |
874 (if (Math-natnum-lessp 2 n) | |
875 (let (factors res p (i 0)) | |
876 (while (and (not (eq n 1)) | |
877 (< i (length math-primes-table))) | |
878 (setq p (aref math-primes-table i)) | |
879 (while (eq (cdr (setq res (cond ((eq n p) (cons 1 0)) | |
880 ((eq n 1) (cons 0 1)) | |
881 ((consp n) (math-idivmod n p)) | |
882 (t (cons (/ n p) (% n p)))))) | |
883 0) | |
884 (math-working "factor" p) | |
885 (setq factors (nconc factors (list p)) | |
886 n (car res))) | |
887 (or (eq n 1) | |
888 (Math-natnum-lessp p (car res)) | |
889 (setq factors (nconc factors (list n)) | |
890 n 1)) | |
891 (setq i (1+ i))) | |
892 (or (setq math-prime-factors-finished (eq n 1)) | |
893 (setq factors (nconc factors (list n)))) | |
894 (cons 'vec factors)) | |
895 (list 'vec n)) | |
896 (if (Math-integerp n) | |
897 (if (eq n -1) | |
898 (list 'vec n) | |
899 (cons 'vec (cons -1 (cdr (calcFunc-prfac (math-neg n)))))) | |
900 (calc-record-why 'integerp n) | |
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901 (list 'calcFunc-prfac n)))) |
40785 | 902 |
903 (defun calcFunc-totient (n) | |
904 (if (Math-messy-integerp n) | |
905 (setq n (math-trunc n))) | |
906 (if (Math-natnump n) | |
907 (if (Math-natnum-lessp n 2) | |
908 (if (Math-negp n) | |
909 (calcFunc-totient (math-abs n)) | |
910 n) | |
911 (let ((factors (cdr (calcFunc-prfac n))) | |
912 p) | |
913 (if math-prime-factors-finished | |
914 (progn | |
915 (while factors | |
916 (setq p (car factors) | |
917 n (math-mul (math-div n p) (math-add p -1))) | |
918 (while (equal p (car factors)) | |
919 (setq factors (cdr factors)))) | |
920 n) | |
921 (calc-record-why "*Number too big to factor" n) | |
922 (list 'calcFunc-totient n)))) | |
923 (calc-record-why 'natnump n) | |
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924 (list 'calcFunc-totient n))) |
40785 | 925 |
926 (defun calcFunc-moebius (n) | |
927 (if (Math-messy-integerp n) | |
928 (setq n (math-trunc n))) | |
929 (if (and (Math-natnump n) (not (eq n 0))) | |
930 (if (Math-natnum-lessp n 2) | |
931 (if (Math-negp n) | |
932 (calcFunc-moebius (math-abs n)) | |
933 1) | |
934 (let ((factors (cdr (calcFunc-prfac n))) | |
935 (mu 1)) | |
936 (if math-prime-factors-finished | |
937 (progn | |
938 (while factors | |
939 (setq mu (if (equal (car factors) (nth 1 factors)) | |
940 0 (math-neg mu)) | |
941 factors (cdr factors))) | |
942 mu) | |
943 (calc-record-why "Number too big to factor" n) | |
944 (list 'calcFunc-moebius n)))) | |
945 (calc-record-why 'posintp n) | |
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946 (list 'calcFunc-moebius n))) |
40785 | 947 |
948 | |
949 (defun calcFunc-nextprime (n &optional iters) | |
950 (if (Math-integerp n) | |
951 (if (Math-integer-negp n) | |
952 2 | |
953 (if (and (integerp n) (< n 5003)) | |
954 (math-next-small-prime (1+ n)) | |
955 (if (math-evenp n) | |
956 (setq n (math-add n -1))) | |
957 (let (res) | |
958 (while (not (car (setq res (math-prime-test | |
959 (setq n (math-add n 2)) | |
960 (or iters 1)))))) | |
961 (if (and calc-verbose-nextprime | |
962 (eq (car res) 'maybe)) | |
963 (calc-report-prime-test res))) | |
964 n)) | |
965 (if (Math-realp n) | |
966 (calcFunc-nextprime (math-trunc n) iters) | |
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967 (math-reject-arg n 'integerp)))) |
40785 | 968 (setq calc-verbose-nextprime nil) |
969 | |
970 (defun calcFunc-prevprime (n &optional iters) | |
971 (if (Math-integerp n) | |
972 (if (Math-lessp n 4) | |
973 2 | |
974 (if (math-evenp n) | |
975 (setq n (math-add n 1))) | |
976 (let (res) | |
977 (while (not (car (setq res (math-prime-test | |
978 (setq n (math-add n -2)) | |
979 (or iters 1)))))) | |
980 (if (and calc-verbose-nextprime | |
981 (eq (car res) 'maybe)) | |
982 (calc-report-prime-test res))) | |
983 n) | |
984 (if (Math-realp n) | |
985 (calcFunc-prevprime (math-ceiling n) iters) | |
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986 (math-reject-arg n 'integerp)))) |
40785 | 987 |
988 (defun math-next-small-prime (n) | |
989 (if (and (integerp n) (> n 2)) | |
990 (let ((lo -1) | |
991 (hi (length math-primes-table)) | |
992 mid) | |
993 (while (> (- hi lo) 1) | |
994 (if (> n (aref math-primes-table | |
995 (setq mid (ash (+ lo hi) -1)))) | |
996 (setq lo mid) | |
997 (setq hi mid))) | |
998 (aref math-primes-table hi)) | |
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999 2)) |
40785 | 1000 |
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1001 |
40785 | 1002 |
1003 | |
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1004 ;;; calc-comb.el ends here |