Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/picture.texi @ 45379:eadb2403fb8a
(f90-change-keywords): Doc fix.
author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
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date | Sun, 19 May 2002 23:22:50 +0000 |
parents | 23f63206a867 |
children | 695cf19ef79e d7ddb3e565de |
rev | line source |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. | |
4 @node Picture, Sending Mail, Abbrevs, Top | |
5 @chapter Editing Pictures | |
6 @cindex pictures | |
7 @cindex making pictures out of text characters | |
8 @findex edit-picture | |
9 | |
10 To edit a picture made out of text characters (for example, a picture | |
11 of the division of a register into fields, as a comment in a program), | |
12 use the command @kbd{M-x edit-picture} to enter Picture mode. | |
13 | |
14 In Picture mode, editing is based on the @dfn{quarter-plane} model of | |
15 text, according to which the text characters lie studded on an area that | |
16 stretches infinitely far to the right and downward. The concept of the end | |
17 of a line does not exist in this model; the most you can say is where the | |
18 last nonblank character on the line is found. | |
19 | |
20 Of course, Emacs really always considers text as a sequence of | |
21 characters, and lines really do have ends. But Picture mode replaces | |
22 the most frequently-used commands with variants that simulate the | |
23 quarter-plane model of text. They do this by inserting spaces or by | |
24 converting tabs to spaces. | |
25 | |
26 Most of the basic editing commands of Emacs are redefined by Picture mode | |
27 to do essentially the same thing but in a quarter-plane way. In addition, | |
28 Picture mode defines various keys starting with the @kbd{C-c} prefix to | |
29 run special picture editing commands. | |
30 | |
31 One of these keys, @kbd{C-c C-c}, is pretty important. Often a | |
32 picture is part of a larger file that is usually edited in some other | |
33 major mode. @kbd{M-x edit-picture} records the name of the previous | |
34 major mode so you can use the @kbd{C-c C-c} command | |
35 (@code{picture-mode-exit}) later to go back to that mode. @kbd{C-c C-c} | |
36 also deletes spaces from the ends of lines, unless given a numeric | |
37 argument. | |
38 | |
39 The special commands of Picture mode all work in other modes (provided | |
40 the @file{picture} library is loaded), but are not bound to keys except | |
41 in Picture mode. The descriptions below talk of moving ``one column'' | |
42 and so on, but all the picture mode commands handle numeric arguments as | |
43 their normal equivalents do. | |
44 | |
45 @vindex picture-mode-hook | |
46 Turning on Picture mode runs the hook @code{picture-mode-hook} | |
47 (@pxref{Hooks}). | |
48 | |
49 @menu | |
50 * Basic Picture:: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode. | |
51 * Insert in Picture:: Controlling direction of cursor motion | |
52 after "self-inserting" characters. | |
53 * Tabs in Picture:: Various features for tab stops and indentation. | |
54 * Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles. | |
55 @end menu | |
56 | |
57 @node Basic Picture, Insert in Picture, Picture, Picture | |
58 @section Basic Editing in Picture Mode | |
59 | |
60 @findex picture-forward-column | |
61 @findex picture-backward-column | |
62 @findex picture-move-down | |
63 @findex picture-move-up | |
64 @cindex editing in Picture mode | |
65 | |
66 Most keys do the same thing in Picture mode that they usually do, but | |
67 do it in a quarter-plane style. For example, @kbd{C-f} is rebound to | |
68 run @code{picture-forward-column}, a command which moves point one | |
69 column to the right, inserting a space if necessary so that the actual | |
70 end of the line makes no difference. @kbd{C-b} is rebound to run | |
71 @code{picture-backward-column}, which always moves point left one | |
72 column, converting a tab to multiple spaces if necessary. @kbd{C-n} and | |
73 @kbd{C-p} are rebound to run @code{picture-move-down} and | |
74 @code{picture-move-up}, which can either insert spaces or convert tabs | |
75 as necessary to make sure that point stays in exactly the same column. | |
76 @kbd{C-e} runs @code{picture-end-of-line}, which moves to after the last | |
77 nonblank character on the line. There is no need to change @kbd{C-a}, | |
78 as the choice of screen model does not affect beginnings of | |
79 lines. | |
80 | |
81 @findex picture-newline | |
82 Insertion of text is adapted to the quarter-plane screen model through | |
83 the use of Overwrite mode (@pxref{Minor Modes}). Self-inserting characters | |
84 replace existing text, column by column, rather than pushing existing text | |
85 to the right. @key{RET} runs @code{picture-newline}, which just moves to | |
86 the beginning of the following line so that new text will replace that | |
87 line. | |
88 | |
89 @findex picture-backward-clear-column | |
90 @findex picture-clear-column | |
91 @findex picture-clear-line | |
92 Picture mode provides erasure instead of deletion and killing of | |
93 text. @key{DEL} (@code{picture-backward-clear-column}) replaces the | |
94 preceding character with a space rather than removing it; this moves | |
95 point backwards. @kbd{C-d} (@code{picture-clear-column}) replaces the | |
96 next character or characters with spaces, but does not move point. (If | |
97 you want to clear characters to spaces and move forward over them, use | |
98 @key{SPC}.) @kbd{C-k} (@code{picture-clear-line}) really kills the | |
99 contents of lines, but does not delete the newlines from the | |
100 buffer. | |
101 | |
102 @findex picture-open-line | |
103 To do actual insertion, you must use special commands. @kbd{C-o} | |
104 (@code{picture-open-line}) creates a blank line after the current line; | |
105 it never splits a line. @kbd{C-M-o} (@code{split-line}) makes sense in | |
106 Picture mode, so it is not changed. @kbd{C-j} | |
107 (@code{picture-duplicate-line}) inserts below the current line another | |
108 line with the same contents.@refill | |
109 | |
110 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(Picture mode)} | |
111 To do actual deletion in Picture mode, use @kbd{C-w}, @kbd{C-c C-d} | |
112 (which is defined as @code{delete-char}, as @kbd{C-d} is in other | |
113 modes), or one of the picture rectangle commands (@pxref{Rectangles in | |
114 Picture}). | |
115 | |
116 @node Insert in Picture, Tabs in Picture, Basic Picture, Picture | |
117 @section Controlling Motion after Insert | |
118 | |
119 @findex picture-movement-up | |
120 @findex picture-movement-down | |
121 @findex picture-movement-left | |
122 @findex picture-movement-right | |
123 @findex picture-movement-nw | |
124 @findex picture-movement-ne | |
125 @findex picture-movement-sw | |
126 @findex picture-movement-se | |
127 @kindex C-c < @r{(Picture mode)} | |
128 @kindex C-c > @r{(Picture mode)} | |
129 @kindex C-c ^ @r{(Picture mode)} | |
130 @kindex C-c . @r{(Picture mode)} | |
131 @kindex C-c ` @r{(Picture mode)} | |
132 @kindex C-c ' @r{(Picture mode)} | |
133 @kindex C-c / @r{(Picture mode)} | |
134 @kindex C-c \ @r{(Picture mode)} | |
135 Since ``self-inserting'' characters in Picture mode overwrite and move | |
136 point, there is no essential restriction on how point should be moved. | |
137 Normally point moves right, but you can specify any of the eight | |
138 orthogonal or diagonal directions for motion after a ``self-inserting'' | |
139 character. This is useful for drawing lines in the buffer. | |
140 | |
141 @table @kbd | |
142 @item C-c < | |
143 Move left after insertion (@code{picture-movement-left}). | |
144 @item C-c > | |
145 Move right after insertion (@code{picture-movement-right}). | |
146 @item C-c ^ | |
147 Move up after insertion (@code{picture-movement-up}). | |
148 @item C-c . | |
149 Move down after insertion (@code{picture-movement-down}). | |
150 @item C-c ` | |
151 Move up and left (``northwest'') after insertion (@code{picture-movement-nw}). | |
152 @item C-c ' | |
153 Move up and right (``northeast'') after insertion | |
154 (@code{picture-movement-ne}). | |
155 @item C-c / | |
156 Move down and left (``southwest'') after insertion | |
157 @*(@code{picture-movement-sw}). | |
158 @item C-c \ | |
159 Move down and right (``southeast'') after insertion | |
160 @*(@code{picture-movement-se}). | |
161 @end table | |
162 | |
163 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(Picture mode)} | |
164 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(Picture mode)} | |
165 @findex picture-motion | |
166 @findex picture-motion-reverse | |
167 Two motion commands move based on the current Picture insertion | |
168 direction. The command @kbd{C-c C-f} (@code{picture-motion}) moves in the | |
169 same direction as motion after ``insertion'' currently does, while @kbd{C-c | |
170 C-b} (@code{picture-motion-reverse}) moves in the opposite direction. | |
171 | |
172 @node Tabs in Picture, Rectangles in Picture, Insert in Picture, Picture | |
173 @section Picture Mode Tabs | |
174 | |
175 @kindex M-TAB @r{(Picture mode)} | |
176 @findex picture-tab-search | |
177 @vindex picture-tab-chars | |
178 Two kinds of tab-like action are provided in Picture mode. Use | |
179 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} (@code{picture-tab-search}) for context-based tabbing. | |
180 With no argument, it moves to a point underneath the next | |
181 ``interesting'' character that follows whitespace in the previous | |
182 nonblank line. ``Next'' here means ``appearing at a horizontal position | |
183 greater than the one point starts out at.'' With an argument, as in | |
184 @kbd{C-u M-@key{TAB}}, this command moves to the next such interesting | |
185 character in the current line. @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} does not change the | |
186 text; it only moves point. ``Interesting'' characters are defined by | |
187 the variable @code{picture-tab-chars}, which should define a set of | |
188 characters. The syntax for this variable is like the syntax used inside | |
189 of @samp{[@dots{}]} in a regular expression---but without the @samp{[} | |
190 and the @samp{]}. Its default value is @code{"!-~"}. | |
191 | |
192 @findex picture-tab | |
193 @key{TAB} itself runs @code{picture-tab}, which operates based on the | |
194 current tab stop settings; it is the Picture mode equivalent of | |
195 @code{tab-to-tab-stop}. Normally it just moves point, but with a numeric | |
196 argument it clears the text that it moves over. | |
197 | |
198 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(Picture mode)} | |
199 @findex picture-set-tab-stops | |
200 The context-based and tab-stop-based forms of tabbing are brought | |
201 together by the command @kbd{C-c @key{TAB}} (@code{picture-set-tab-stops}). | |
202 This command sets the tab stops to the positions which @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} | |
203 would consider significant in the current line. The use of this command, | |
204 together with @key{TAB}, can get the effect of context-based tabbing. But | |
205 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} is more convenient in the cases where it is sufficient. | |
206 | |
207 It may be convenient to prevent use of actual tab characters in | |
208 pictures. For example, this prevents @kbd{C-x @key{TAB}} from messing | |
209 up the picture. You can do this by setting the variable | |
210 @code{indent-tabs-mode} to @code{nil}. @xref{Just Spaces}. | |
211 | |
212 @node Rectangles in Picture,, Tabs in Picture, Picture | |
213 @section Picture Mode Rectangle Commands | |
214 @cindex rectangles and Picture mode | |
215 @cindex Picture mode and rectangles | |
216 | |
217 Picture mode defines commands for working on rectangular pieces of the | |
218 text in ways that fit with the quarter-plane model. The standard rectangle | |
219 commands may also be useful (@pxref{Rectangles}). | |
220 | |
221 @table @kbd | |
222 @item C-c C-k | |
223 Clear out the region-rectangle with spaces | |
224 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle}). With argument, delete the text. | |
225 @item C-c C-w @var{r} | |
38461
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
25829
diff
changeset
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226 Similar, but save rectangle contents in register @var{r} first |
25829 | 227 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle-to-register}). |
228 @item C-c C-y | |
229 Copy last killed rectangle into the buffer by overwriting, with upper | |
230 left corner at point (@code{picture-yank-rectangle}). With argument, | |
231 insert instead. | |
232 @item C-c C-x @var{r} | |
233 Similar, but use the rectangle in register @var{r} | |
234 (@code{picture-yank-rectangle-from-register}). | |
235 @end table | |
236 | |
237 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(Picture mode)} | |
238 @kindex C-c C-w @r{(Picture mode)} | |
239 @findex picture-clear-rectangle | |
240 @findex picture-clear-rectangle-to-register | |
241 The picture rectangle commands @kbd{C-c C-k} | |
242 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle}) and @kbd{C-c C-w} | |
243 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle-to-register}) differ from the standard | |
244 rectangle commands in that they normally clear the rectangle instead of | |
245 deleting it; this is analogous with the way @kbd{C-d} is changed in Picture | |
246 mode. | |
247 | |
248 However, deletion of rectangles can be useful in Picture mode, so | |
249 these commands delete the rectangle if given a numeric argument. | |
250 @kbd{C-c C-k} either with or without a numeric argument saves the | |
251 rectangle for @kbd{C-c C-y}. | |
252 | |
253 @kindex C-c C-y @r{(Picture mode)} | |
254 @kindex C-c C-x @r{(Picture mode)} | |
255 @findex picture-yank-rectangle | |
256 @findex picture-yank-rectangle-from-register | |
257 The Picture mode commands for yanking rectangles differ from the | |
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23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
25829
diff
changeset
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258 standard ones in that they overwrite instead of inserting. This is |
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
25829
diff
changeset
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259 the same way that Picture mode insertion of other text differs from |
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
25829
diff
changeset
|
260 other modes. @kbd{C-c C-y} (@code{picture-yank-rectangle}) inserts |
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
25829
diff
changeset
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261 (by overwriting) the rectangle that was most recently killed, while |
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
25829
diff
changeset
|
262 @kbd{C-c C-x} (@code{picture-yank-rectangle-from-register}) does |
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
25829
diff
changeset
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263 likewise for the rectangle found in a specified register. |