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annotate man/help.texi @ 69892:ec3278dd3d95
(Mail Sending): In send-mail-function @pxref smtpmail, put info and printed
manual names the right way around.
author | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> |
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date | Sun, 09 Apr 2006 18:44:06 +0000 |
parents | 574797e48b33 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, |
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3 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Help, Mark, M-x, Top | |
6 @chapter Help | |
7 @kindex Help | |
8 @cindex help | |
9 @cindex self-documentation | |
10 @findex help-command | |
11 @kindex C-h | |
12 @kindex F1 | |
13 | |
14 Emacs provides extensive help features accessible through a single | |
68509 | 15 character, @kbd{C-h} (or @key{F1}). @kbd{C-h} is a prefix key that is |
16 used for commands that display documentation. The characters that you | |
17 can type after @kbd{C-h} are called @dfn{help options}. One help | |
18 option is @kbd{C-h}; that is how you ask for help about using | |
19 @kbd{C-h}. To cancel, type @kbd{C-g}. The function key @key{F1} is | |
20 equivalent to @kbd{C-h}. | |
25829 | 21 |
22 @kindex C-h C-h | |
23 @findex help-for-help | |
24 @kbd{C-h C-h} (@code{help-for-help}) displays a list of the possible | |
68509 | 25 help options, each with a brief description. You can look at the |
26 list, using @key{SPC} and @key{DEL} to scroll through it, then type | |
27 the help option you want. To cancel, type @kbd{C-g}. | |
25829 | 28 |
29 @kbd{C-h} or @key{F1} means ``help'' in various other contexts as | |
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30 well. After a prefix key, it displays a list of the alternatives that |
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31 can follow the prefix key. (A few prefix keys don't support |
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32 @kbd{C-h}, because they define other meanings for it, but they all |
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33 support @key{F1}.) |
25829 | 34 |
35 Most help buffers use a special major mode, Help mode, which lets you | |
28433 | 36 scroll conveniently with @key{SPC} and @key{DEL}. It also offers |
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37 hyperlinks to URLs and further help regarding cross-referenced names, Info |
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38 nodes, customization buffers and the like. @xref{Help Mode}. |
25829 | 39 |
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40 @cindex searching documentation efficiently |
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41 @cindex looking for a subject in documentation |
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42 If you are looking for a certain feature, but don't know where |
38745 | 43 exactly it is documented, and aren't sure of the name of a |
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44 related command or variable, we recommend trying these methods. Usually |
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45 it is best to start with an apropos command, then try searching the |
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46 manual index, then finally look in the FAQ and the package keywords. |
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47 |
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48 @table @kbd |
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49 @item C-h a @var{topics} @key{RET} |
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50 This searches for commands whose names match @var{topics}, which |
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51 should be a keyword, a list of keywords, or a regular expression |
67712 | 52 (@pxref{Regexps}). This command displays all the matches in a new |
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53 buffer. @xref{Apropos}. |
32432 | 54 |
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55 @item C-h i d m emacs @key{RET} i @var{topic} @key{RET} |
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56 This looks up @var{topic} in the indices of the Emacs on-line manual. |
36365 | 57 If there are several matches, Emacs displays the first one. You can then |
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58 press @kbd{,} to move to other matches, until you find what you are |
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59 looking for. |
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60 |
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61 @item C-h i d m emacs @key{RET} s @var{topic} @key{RET} |
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62 Similar, but searches for @var{topic} (which can be a regular |
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63 expression) in the @emph{text} of the manual rather than in its |
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64 indices. |
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65 |
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66 @item C-h C-f |
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67 This brings up the Emacs FAQ. You can use the Info commands |
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68 to browse it. |
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69 |
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70 @item C-h p |
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71 Finally, you can try looking up a suitable package using keywords |
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72 pertinent to the feature you need. @xref{Library Keywords}. |
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73 @end table |
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74 |
25829 | 75 @menu |
76 * Help Summary:: Brief list of all Help commands. | |
77 * Key Help:: Asking what a key does in Emacs. | |
78 * Name Help:: Asking about a command, variable or function name. | |
79 * Apropos:: Asking what pertains to a given topic. | |
80 * Library Keywords:: Finding Lisp libraries by keywords (topics). | |
81 * Language Help:: Help relating to international language support. | |
82 * Help Mode:: Special features of Help mode and Help buffers. | |
83 * Misc Help:: Other help commands. | |
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84 * Help Files:: Commands to display pre-written help files. |
28433 | 85 * Help Echo:: Help on active text and tooltips (`balloon help') |
25829 | 86 @end menu |
87 | |
88 @iftex | |
89 @node Help Summary | |
90 @end iftex | |
55626 | 91 @ifnottex |
25829 | 92 @node Help Summary |
93 @section Help Summary | |
55626 | 94 @end ifnottex |
25829 | 95 |
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96 Here is a summary of the Emacs interactive help commands. |
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97 @xref{Help Files}, for other help commands that just display a |
68509 | 98 pre-written file of information. The character that follows |
99 @kbd{C-h} is a ``help option.'' | |
25829 | 100 |
101 @table @kbd | |
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102 @item C-h a @var{topics} @key{RET} |
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103 Display a list of commands whose names match @var{topics} |
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104 (@code{apropos-command}; @pxref{Apropos}). |
25829 | 105 @item C-h b |
106 Display a table of all key bindings in effect now, in this order: minor | |
107 mode bindings, major mode bindings, and global bindings | |
108 (@code{describe-bindings}). | |
109 @item C-h c @var{key} | |
38488 | 110 Show the name of the command that @var{key} runs |
36185 | 111 (@code{describe-key-briefly}). Here @kbd{c} stands for ``character.'' |
112 For more extensive information on @var{key}, use @kbd{C-h k}. | |
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113 @item C-h d @var{topics} @key{RET} |
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114 Display a list of commands and variables whose documentation matches |
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115 @var{topics} (@code{apropos-documentation}). |
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116 @item C-h e |
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117 Display the @code{*Messages*} buffer |
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118 (@code{view-echo-area-messages}). |
25829 | 119 @item C-h f @var{function} @key{RET} |
120 Display documentation on the Lisp function named @var{function} | |
121 (@code{describe-function}). Since commands are Lisp functions, | |
122 a command name may be used. | |
123 @item C-h h | |
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124 Display the @file{HELLO} file, which shows examples of various character |
25829 | 125 sets. |
126 @item C-h i | |
127 Run Info, the program for browsing documentation files (@code{info}). | |
128 The complete Emacs manual is available on-line in Info. | |
129 @item C-h k @var{key} | |
130 Display the name and documentation of the command that @var{key} runs | |
131 (@code{describe-key}). | |
132 @item C-h l | |
133 Display a description of the last 100 characters you typed | |
134 (@code{view-lossage}). | |
135 @item C-h m | |
136 Display documentation of the current major mode (@code{describe-mode}). | |
137 @item C-h p | |
138 Find packages by topic keyword (@code{finder-by-keyword}). | |
139 @item C-h s | |
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140 Display the current contents of the syntax table, plus an explanation of |
25829 | 141 what they mean (@code{describe-syntax}). @xref{Syntax}. |
142 @item C-h t | |
143 Enter the Emacs interactive tutorial (@code{help-with-tutorial}). | |
144 @item C-h v @var{var} @key{RET} | |
38488 | 145 Display the documentation of the Lisp variable @var{var} |
25829 | 146 (@code{describe-variable}). |
147 @item C-h w @var{command} @key{RET} | |
38488 | 148 Show which keys run the command named @var{command} (@code{where-is}). |
25829 | 149 @item C-h C @var{coding} @key{RET} |
38488 | 150 Describe coding system @var{coding} |
25829 | 151 (@code{describe-coding-system}). |
152 @item C-h C @key{RET} | |
153 Describe the coding systems currently in use. | |
154 @item C-h I @var{method} @key{RET} | |
155 Describe an input method (@code{describe-input-method}). | |
156 @item C-h L @var{language-env} @key{RET} | |
38745 | 157 Display information on the character sets, coding systems, and input |
38488 | 158 methods used for language environment @var{language-env} |
25829 | 159 (@code{describe-language-environment}). |
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160 @item C-h F @var{function} @key{RET} |
25829 | 161 Enter Info and go to the node documenting the Emacs function @var{function} |
162 (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}). | |
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163 @item C-h K @var{key} |
25829 | 164 Enter Info and go to the node where the key sequence @var{key} is |
165 documented (@code{Info-goto-emacs-key-command-node}). | |
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166 @item C-h S @var{symbol} @key{RET} |
25829 | 167 Display the Info documentation on symbol @var{symbol} according to the |
168 programming language you are editing (@code{info-lookup-symbol}). | |
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169 @item C-h . |
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170 Display a help message associated with special text areas, such as |
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171 links in @samp{*Help*} buffers (@code{display-local-help}). |
25829 | 172 @end table |
173 | |
174 @node Key Help | |
175 @section Documentation for a Key | |
176 | |
177 @kindex C-h c | |
178 @findex describe-key-briefly | |
68509 | 179 The most basic @kbd{C-h} commands are @kbd{C-h c} |
25829 | 180 (@code{describe-key-briefly}) and @w{@kbd{C-h k}} (@code{describe-key}). |
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181 @kbd{C-h c @var{key}} displays in the echo area the name of the command |
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182 that @var{key} is bound to. For example, @kbd{C-h c C-f} displays |
25829 | 183 @samp{forward-char}. Since command names are chosen to describe what |
184 the commands do, this is a good way to get a very brief description of | |
185 what @var{key} does. | |
186 | |
187 @kindex C-h k | |
188 @findex describe-key | |
189 @kbd{C-h k @var{key}} is similar but gives more information: it | |
190 displays the documentation string of the command as well as its name. | |
191 This is too big for the echo area, so a window is used for the display. | |
192 | |
68509 | 193 @kindex C-h K |
194 @findex Info-goto-emacs-key-command-node | |
195 To find the documentation of a key sequence, type @kbd{C-h K} and | |
196 then enter that key sequence. This looks up the description of the | |
197 command invoked by the key in whichever manual describes it (this need | |
198 not be the Emacs manual). @kbd{C-h K} runs the command | |
199 @code{Info-goto-emacs-key-command-node}. | |
200 | |
201 @kbd{C-h c}, @kbd{C-h k} and @kbd{C-h K} work for any sort of key | |
202 sequences, including function keys, menus, and mouse events. For | |
203 instance, you can type @kbd{C-h k} and then select a menu item from | |
204 the menu bar, to show the documentation string of the command that | |
205 menu item runs. | |
25829 | 206 |
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207 @kindex C-h w |
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208 @findex where-is |
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209 @kbd{C-h w @var{command} @key{RET}} tells you what keys are bound to |
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210 @var{command}. It displays a list of the keys in the echo area. If it |
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211 says the command is not on any key, you must use @kbd{M-x} to run it. |
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212 @kbd{C-h w} runs the command @code{where-is}. |
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213 |
25829 | 214 @node Name Help |
215 @section Help by Command or Variable Name | |
216 | |
217 @kindex C-h f | |
218 @findex describe-function | |
219 @kbd{C-h f} (@code{describe-function}) reads the name of a Lisp function | |
220 using the minibuffer, then displays that function's documentation string | |
221 in a window. Since commands are Lisp functions, you can use this to get | |
222 the documentation of a command that you know by name. For example, | |
223 | |
224 @example | |
225 C-h f auto-fill-mode @key{RET} | |
226 @end example | |
227 | |
228 @noindent | |
229 displays the documentation of @code{auto-fill-mode}. This is the only | |
230 way to get the documentation of a command that is not bound to any key | |
231 (one which you would normally run using @kbd{M-x}). | |
232 | |
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233 @kbd{C-h f} is also useful for Lisp functions that you are planning |
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234 to use in a Lisp program. For example, if you have just written the |
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235 expression @code{(make-vector len)} and want to check that you are |
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236 using @code{make-vector} properly, type @kbd{C-h f make-vector |
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237 @key{RET}}. Because @kbd{C-h f} allows all function names, not just |
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238 command names, you may find that some of your favorite completion |
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239 abbreviations that work in @kbd{M-x} don't work in @kbd{C-h f}. An |
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240 abbreviation may be unique among command names, yet fail to be unique |
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241 when other function names are allowed. |
25829 | 242 |
38488 | 243 The default function name for @kbd{C-h f} to describe, if you type |
244 just @key{RET}, is the name of the function called by the innermost Lisp | |
245 expression in the buffer around point, @emph{provided} that is a valid, | |
246 defined Lisp function name. For example, if point is located following | |
247 the text @samp{(make-vector (car x)}, the innermost list containing | |
248 point is the one that starts with @samp{(make-vector}, so the default is | |
249 to describe the function @code{make-vector}. | |
25829 | 250 |
251 @kbd{C-h f} is often useful just to verify that you have the right | |
252 spelling for the function name. If @kbd{C-h f} mentions a name from the | |
253 buffer as the default, that name must be defined as a Lisp function. If | |
254 that is all you want to know, just type @kbd{C-g} to cancel the @kbd{C-h | |
255 f} command, then go on editing. | |
256 | |
257 @kbd{C-h v} (@code{describe-variable}) is like @kbd{C-h f} but describes | |
258 Lisp variables instead of Lisp functions. Its default is the Lisp symbol | |
259 around or before point, but only if that is the name of a known Lisp | |
60429
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260 variable. @xref{Variables}. |
25829 | 261 |
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262 Help buffers describing Emacs variables and functions normally have |
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263 hyperlinks to the definition, if you have the source files installed. |
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264 (@xref{Hyperlinking}.) If you know Lisp (or C), this provides the |
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265 ultimate documentation. If you don't know Lisp, you should learn it. |
68509 | 266 (The Introduction to Emacs Lisp Programming, available from the FSF |
267 through fsf.org, is a good way to get started.) Emacs won't be happy | |
268 if it feels you are just @emph{using} Emacs, treating it as an object | |
269 program. If you really love Emacs, show that you care by reading the | |
270 source code. | |
271 | |
272 @kindex C-h F | |
273 @findex Info-goto-emacs-command-node | |
274 To find a specific function's documentation in a manual, use | |
275 @kbd{C-h F} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}). This knows | |
276 about various manuals, not just the Emacs manual, and finds the | |
277 right one. | |
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278 |
25829 | 279 @node Apropos |
280 @section Apropos | |
281 | |
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282 A more sophisticated sort of question to ask is, ``What are the |
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283 commands for working with files?'' The @dfn{apropos} commands ask |
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284 such questions---they look for things whose names match an |
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285 @dfn{apropos pattern}, which means either a word, a list of words, or |
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286 a regular expression. Each apropos command displays a list of |
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287 matching items in a special buffer. |
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288 |
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289 @table @kbd |
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290 @item C-h a @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
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291 Search for commands whose names match @var{pattern}. |
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292 |
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293 @item M-x apropos @key{RET} @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
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294 Similar, but it searches for noninteractive functions and for |
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295 variables, as well as commands. |
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296 |
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297 @item M-x apropos-variable @key{RET} @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
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298 Similar, but it searches for variables only. |
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299 |
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300 @item M-x apropos-value @key{RET} @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
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301 Similar, but it searches for variables based on their values, or |
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302 functions based on their definitions. |
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303 |
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304 @item C-h d @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
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305 Search the @emph{documentation strings} (the built-in short |
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306 descriptions) of all variables and functions (not their names) for a |
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307 match for @var{pattern}. |
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308 @end table |
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309 |
25829 | 310 @kindex C-h a |
311 @findex apropos-command | |
312 @cindex apropos | |
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313 To find the commands that work on files, type @kbd{C-h a file |
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314 @key{RET}}. This displays a list of all command names that contain |
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315 @samp{file}, including @code{copy-file}, @code{find-file}, and so on. |
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316 With each command name appears a brief description of how to use the |
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317 command, and what keys you can currently invoke it with. For example, |
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318 it would say that you can invoke @code{find-file} by typing @kbd{C-x |
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319 C-f}. The @kbd{a} in @kbd{C-h a} stands for ``Apropos''; @kbd{C-h a} |
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320 runs the command @code{apropos-command}. This command normally checks |
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321 only commands (interactive functions); if you specify a prefix |
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322 argument, it checks noninteractive functions as well. |
25829 | 323 |
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324 If you want more information about a function definition, variable or |
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325 symbol property listed in the Apropos buffer, you can click on it with |
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326 @kbd{Mouse-1} or @kbd{Mouse-2}, or move there and type @key{RET}. |
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327 |
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328 @kbd{C-h a} with a single word can find too many matches. Don't |
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329 just give up; you can give Apropos a list of words to search for. |
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330 When you specify more than one word in the apropos pattern, a name |
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331 must contain at least two of the words in order to match. Thus, if |
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332 you are looking for commands to kill a chunk of text before point, you |
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333 could try @kbd{C-h a kill back backward behind before @key{RET}}. |
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334 |
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335 For even greater flexibility, you can specify a regular expression |
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336 (@pxref{Regexps}). An apropos pattern is interpreted as a regular |
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337 expression if it contains any of the regular expression special |
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338 characters, @samp{^$*+?.\[}. |
25829 | 339 |
340 Here is a set of arguments to give to @kbd{C-h a} that covers many | |
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341 classes of Emacs commands, since there are strong conventions for |
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342 naming the standard Emacs commands. By giving you a feel for the |
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343 naming conventions, this set should also serve to aid you in |
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344 developing a technique for picking Apropos keywords. |
25829 | 345 |
346 @quotation | |
347 char, line, word, sentence, paragraph, region, page, sexp, list, defun, | |
348 rect, buffer, frame, window, face, file, dir, register, mode, beginning, end, | |
349 forward, backward, next, previous, up, down, search, goto, kill, delete, | |
350 mark, insert, yank, fill, indent, case, change, set, what, list, find, | |
351 view, describe, default. | |
352 @end quotation | |
353 | |
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354 @findex apropos |
67712 | 355 To list all Lisp symbols that contain a match for an Apropos pattern, |
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356 not just the ones that are defined as commands, use the command |
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357 @kbd{M-x apropos} instead of @kbd{C-h a}. This command does not check |
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358 key bindings by default; specify a numeric argument if you want it to |
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359 check them. |
25829 | 360 |
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361 @findex apropos-variable |
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362 To list user-customizable variables that match an apropos pattern, |
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363 use the command @kbd{M-x apropos-variable}. If you specify a prefix |
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364 argument, it checks all variables. |
25829 | 365 |
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366 @kindex C-h d |
25829 | 367 @findex apropos-documentation |
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368 The @code{apropos-documentation} command is like @code{apropos} |
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369 except that it searches documentation strings instead of symbol names |
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370 for matches for the specified Apropos pattern. |
25829 | 371 |
372 @findex apropos-value | |
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373 The @code{apropos-value} command is like @code{apropos} except that |
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374 it searches variables' values for matches for the pattern. With a |
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375 prefix argument, it also checks symbols' function definitions and |
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376 property lists. |
25829 | 377 |
378 @vindex apropos-do-all | |
379 If the variable @code{apropos-do-all} is non-@code{nil}, the commands | |
380 above all behave as if they had been given a prefix argument. | |
381 | |
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382 @vindex apropos-sort-by-scores |
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383 @cindex apropos search results, order by score |
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384 By default, Apropos lists the search results in alphabetical order. |
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385 If the variable @code{apropos-sort-by-scores} is non-@code{nil}, |
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386 Apropos tries to guess the relevance of each result, and displays the |
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387 most relevant ones first. |
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388 |
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389 @vindex apropos-documentation-sort-by-scores |
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390 By default, Apropos lists the search results for |
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391 @code{apropos-documentation} in order of relevance of the match. If |
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392 the variable @code{apropos-documentation-sort-by-scores} is |
67712 | 393 @code{nil}, Apropos lists the symbols found in alphabetical order. |
25829 | 394 |
395 @node Library Keywords | |
396 @section Keyword Search for Lisp Libraries | |
397 | |
398 @kindex C-h p | |
399 @findex finder-by-keyword | |
400 The @kbd{C-h p} command lets you search the standard Emacs Lisp | |
401 libraries by topic keywords. Here is a partial list of keywords you can | |
402 use: | |
403 | |
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404 @multitable {emulations} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} |
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405 @item abbrev@tab abbreviation handling, typing shortcuts, macros. |
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406 @item bib@tab code related to the @code{bib} bibliography processor. |
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407 @item c@tab support for the C language and related languages. |
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408 @item calendar@tab calendar and time management support. |
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409 @item comm@tab communications, networking, remote access to files. |
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410 @item convenience@tab convenience features for faster editing. |
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411 @item data@tab support for editing files of data. |
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412 @item docs@tab support for Emacs documentation. |
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413 @item emulations@tab emulations of other editors. |
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414 @item extensions@tab Emacs Lisp language extensions. |
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415 @item faces@tab support for multiple fonts. |
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416 @item files@tab support for editing and manipulating files. |
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417 @item frames@tab support for Emacs frames and window systems. |
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418 @item games@tab games, jokes and amusements. |
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419 @item hardware@tab support for interfacing with exotic hardware. |
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420 @item help@tab support for on-line help systems. |
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421 @item hypermedia@tab support for links between text or other media types. |
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422 @item i18n@tab internationalization and alternate character-set support. |
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423 @item internal@tab code for Emacs internals, build process, defaults. |
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424 @item languages@tab specialized modes for editing programming languages. |
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425 @item lisp@tab Lisp support, including Emacs Lisp. |
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426 @item local@tab code local to your site. |
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427 @item maint@tab maintenance aids for the Emacs development group. |
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428 @item mail@tab modes for electronic-mail handling. |
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429 @item matching@tab various sorts of searching and matching. |
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430 @item mouse@tab mouse support. |
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431 @item multimedia@tab images and sound support. |
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432 @item news@tab support for netnews reading and posting. |
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433 @item oop@tab support for object-oriented programming. |
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434 @item outlines@tab support for hierarchical outlining. |
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435 @item processes@tab process, subshell, compilation, and job control support. |
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436 @item terminals@tab support for terminal types. |
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437 @item tex@tab supporting code for the @TeX{} formatter. |
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438 @item tools@tab programming tools. |
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439 @item unix@tab front-ends/assistants for, or emulators of, UNIX-like features. |
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440 @item wp@tab word processing. |
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441 @end multitable |
25829 | 442 |
443 @node Language Help | |
444 @section Help for International Language Support | |
445 | |
446 You can use the command @kbd{C-h L} | |
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447 (@code{describe-language-environment}) to find out information about |
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448 the support for a specific language environment. @xref{Language |
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449 Environments}. This tells you which languages this language |
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450 environment is useful for, and lists the character sets, coding |
68509 | 451 systems, and input methods that it operates on. It also shows some |
452 sample text to illustrate scripts. | |
25829 | 453 |
454 The command @kbd{C-h h} (@code{view-hello-file}) displays the file | |
455 @file{etc/HELLO}, which shows how to say ``hello'' in many languages. | |
456 | |
457 The command @kbd{C-h I} (@code{describe-input-method}) describes | |
458 information about input methods---either a specified input method, or by | |
459 default the input method in use. @xref{Input Methods}. | |
460 | |
461 The command @kbd{C-h C} (@code{describe-coding-system}) describes | |
462 information about coding systems---either a specified coding system, or | |
463 the ones currently in use. @xref{Coding Systems}. | |
464 | |
465 @node Help Mode | |
466 @section Help Mode Commands | |
467 | |
38488 | 468 Help buffers provide the same commands as View mode (@pxref{Misc File |
469 Ops}), plus a few special commands of their own. | |
25829 | 470 |
471 @table @kbd | |
472 @item @key{SPC} | |
473 Scroll forward. | |
474 @item @key{DEL} | |
68509 | 475 Scroll backward. |
25829 | 476 @item @key{RET} |
477 Follow a cross reference at point. | |
478 @item @key{TAB} | |
479 Move point forward to the next cross reference. | |
480 @item S-@key{TAB} | |
481 Move point back to the previous cross reference. | |
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482 @item Mouse-1 |
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483 @itemx Mouse-2 |
25829 | 484 Follow a cross reference that you click on. |
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485 @item C-c C-c |
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486 Show all documentation about the symbol at point. |
25829 | 487 @end table |
488 | |
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489 When a function name (@pxref{M-x,, Running Commands by Name}), |
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490 variable name (@pxref{Variables}), or face name (@pxref{Faces}) appears |
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491 in the documentation, it normally appears inside paired single-quotes. |
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492 You can click on the name with @kbd{Mouse-1} or @kbd{Mouse-2}, or move |
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493 point there and type @key{RET}, to view the documentation of that |
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494 command, variable or face. Use @kbd{C-c C-b} to retrace your steps. |
25829 | 495 |
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496 @cindex URL, viewing in help |
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497 @cindex help, viewing web pages |
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498 @cindex viewing web pages in help |
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499 @cindex web pages, viewing in help |
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500 @findex browse-url |
66614 | 501 You can follow cross references to URLs (web pages) as well. When |
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502 you follow a cross reference that is a URL, the @code{browse-url} |
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503 command is used to view the web page in a browser of your choosing. |
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504 @xref{Browse-URL}. |
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505 |
25829 | 506 @kindex @key{TAB} @r{(Help mode)} |
507 @findex help-next-ref | |
508 @kindex S-@key{TAB} @r{(Help mode)} | |
509 @findex help-previous-ref | |
510 There are convenient commands for moving point to cross references in | |
511 the help text. @key{TAB} (@code{help-next-ref}) moves point down to the | |
512 next cross reference. Use @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} to move point up to the | |
513 previous cross reference (@code{help-previous-ref}). | |
514 | |
69742 | 515 You can view all documentation about any symbol name that appears in |
516 the text, by moving point to the symbol name and typing @kbd{C-c C-c} | |
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517 (@code{help-follow-symbol}). This shows all available documentation |
69742 | 518 about the symbol as a variable, function and/or face. @kbd{C-c C-b} |
519 works in this case also, to retrace your steps. | |
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520 |
25829 | 521 @node Misc Help |
522 @section Other Help Commands | |
523 | |
524 @kindex C-h i | |
525 @findex info | |
526 @cindex Info | |
527 @cindex manuals, on-line | |
528 @cindex on-line manuals | |
529 @kbd{C-h i} (@code{info}) runs the Info program, which is used for | |
530 browsing through structured documentation files. The entire Emacs manual | |
38488 | 531 is available within Info. Eventually all the documentation of the GNU |
25829 | 532 system will be available. Type @kbd{h} after entering Info to run |
533 a tutorial on using Info. | |
534 | |
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535 @cindex find Info manual by its file name |
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536 With a numeric argument, @kbd{C-h i} selects an Info buffer with the |
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537 number appended to the default @samp{*info*} buffer name |
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538 (e.g. @samp{*info*<2>}). This is useful if you want to browse |
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539 multiple Info manuals simultaneously. If you specify just @kbd{C-u} |
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540 as the prefix argument, @kbd{C-h i} prompts for the name of a |
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541 documentation file. This way, you can browse a file which doesn't |
25829 | 542 have an entry in the top-level Info menu. It is also handy when you |
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543 need to get to the documentation quickly, and you know the exact name |
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544 of the file. |
25829 | 545 |
68509 | 546 The help commands @kbd{C-h F @var{function} @key{RET}} and @kbd{C-h |
547 K @var{key}}, described above, enter Info and go straight to the | |
548 documentation of @var{function} or @var{key}. | |
25829 | 549 |
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550 @kindex C-h S |
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551 @findex info-lookup-symbol |
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552 When editing a program, if you have an Info version of the manual |
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553 for the programming language, you can use the command @kbd{C-h S} |
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554 (@code{info-lookup-symbol}) to refer to the manual documentation for a |
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555 symbol (keyword, function or variable). The details of how this |
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556 command works depend on the major mode. |
25829 | 557 |
558 @kindex C-h l | |
559 @findex view-lossage | |
560 If something surprising happens, and you are not sure what commands you | |
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561 typed, use @kbd{C-h l} (@code{view-lossage}). @kbd{C-h l} displays the last |
25829 | 562 100 command characters you typed in. If you see commands that you don't |
563 know, you can use @kbd{C-h c} to find out what they do. | |
564 | |
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565 @kindex C-h e |
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566 @findex view-echo-area-messages |
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567 To review messages that recently appeared in the echo area, use |
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568 @kbd{C-h e} (@code{view-echo-area-messages}). This displays the |
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569 buffer @code{*Messages*}, where those messages are kept. |
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570 |
25829 | 571 @kindex C-h m |
572 @findex describe-mode | |
573 Emacs has numerous major modes, each of which redefines a few keys and | |
574 makes a few other changes in how editing works. @kbd{C-h m} | |
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575 (@code{describe-mode}) displays documentation on the current major mode, |
25829 | 576 which normally describes all the commands that are changed in this |
577 mode. | |
578 | |
579 @kindex C-h b | |
580 @findex describe-bindings | |
581 @kbd{C-h b} (@code{describe-bindings}) and @kbd{C-h s} | |
582 (@code{describe-syntax}) present other information about the current | |
583 Emacs mode. @kbd{C-h b} displays a list of all the key bindings now in | |
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584 effect, showing the local bindings defined by the current minor modes first, |
25829 | 585 then the local bindings defined by the current major mode, and finally |
586 the global bindings (@pxref{Key Bindings}). @kbd{C-h s} displays the | |
587 contents of the syntax table, with explanations of each character's | |
588 syntax (@pxref{Syntax}). | |
589 | |
590 You can get a similar list for a particular prefix key by typing | |
591 @kbd{C-h} after the prefix key. (There are a few prefix keys for which | |
592 this does not work---those that provide their own bindings for | |
593 @kbd{C-h}. One of these is @key{ESC}, because @kbd{@key{ESC} C-h} is | |
594 actually @kbd{C-M-h}, which marks a defun.) | |
595 | |
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596 @node Help Files |
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597 @section Help Files |
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598 |
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599 The Emacs help commands described above display the state of data |
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600 bases within Emacs. Emacs has a few other help commands that display |
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601 pre-written help files. These commands all have the form @kbd{C-h |
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602 C-@var{char}}; that is, @kbd{C-h} followed by a control character. |
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603 |
25829 | 604 @kindex C-h C-c |
605 @findex describe-copying | |
606 @kindex C-h C-d | |
607 @findex describe-distribution | |
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608 @kindex C-h C-e |
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609 @findex view-emacs-problems |
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610 @kindex C-h C-f |
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611 @findex view-emacs-FAQ |
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612 @kindex C-h C-n |
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613 @findex view-emacs-news |
25829 | 614 @kindex C-h C-p |
615 @findex describe-project | |
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616 @kindex C-h C-t |
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617 @findex view-emacs-todo |
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618 @kindex C-h C-w |
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619 @findex describe-no-warranty |
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620 The other @kbd{C-h} options display various files containing useful |
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621 information. |
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622 |
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623 @table @kbd |
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624 @item C-h C-c |
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625 Displays the Emacs copying conditions (@code{describe-copying}). |
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626 These are the rules under which you can copy and redistribute Emacs. |
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627 @item C-h C-d |
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628 Displays information on how to download or order the latest version of |
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629 Emacs and other GNU software (@code{describe-distribution}). |
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630 @item C-h C-e |
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631 Displays the list of known Emacs problems, sometimes with suggested |
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632 workarounds (@code{view-emacs-problems}). |
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633 @item C-h C-f |
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634 Displays the Emacs frequently-answered-questions list (@code{view-emacs-FAQ}). |
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635 @item C-h C-n |
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636 Displays the Emacs ``news'' file, which lists new Emacs features, most |
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637 recent first (@code{view-emacs-news}). |
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638 @item C-h C-p |
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639 Displays general information about the GNU Project |
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640 (@code{describe-project}). |
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641 @item C-h C-t |
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642 Displays the Emacs to-do list (@code{view-todo}). |
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643 @item C-h C-w |
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644 Displays the full details on the complete absence of warranty for GNU |
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645 Emacs (@code{describe-no-warranty}). |
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646 @end table |
28433 | 647 |
648 @node Help Echo | |
649 @section Help on Active Text and Tooltips | |
650 | |
651 @cindex tooltips | |
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652 @cindex balloon help |
38745 | 653 When a region of text is ``active,'' so that you can select it with |
36185 | 654 the mouse or a key like @kbd{RET}, it often has associated help text. |
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655 Areas of the mode line are examples. On graphical displays, the help |
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656 text is displayed as a ``tooltip'' (sometimes known as ``balloon |
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657 help''), when you move the mouse over the active text. @xref{Tooltips}. |
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658 On some systems, it is shown in the echo area. On text-only |
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659 terminals, Emacs may not be able to follow the mouse and hence will |
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660 not show the help text on mouse-over. |
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661 |
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662 @kindex C-h . |
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663 @findex display-local-help |
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664 @vindex help-at-pt-display-when-idle |
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665 You can also access text region help info using the keyboard. The |
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666 command @kbd{C-h .} (@code{display-local-help}) displays any help text |
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667 associated with the text at point, using the echo area. If you want |
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668 help text to be displayed automatically whenever it is available at |
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669 point, set the variable @code{help-at-pt-display-when-idle} to |
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670 @code{t}. |
52401 | 671 |
672 @ignore | |
673 arch-tag: 6f33ab62-bc75-4367-8057-fd67cc15c3a1 | |
674 @end ignore |