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1 ;;; eshell.el --- the Emacs command shell
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2
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3 ;; Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
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4 ;; 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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5
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6 ;; Author: John Wiegley <johnw@gnu.org>
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7 ;; Version: 2.4.2
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8 ;; Keywords: processes
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9
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10 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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11
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12 ;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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13 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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14 ;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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15 ;; (at your option) any later version.
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16
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17 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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18 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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19 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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20 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
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21
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22 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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23 ;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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24
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25 ;;; Commentary:
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26
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27 ;;;_* What does Eshell offer you?
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28 ;;
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29 ;; Despite the sheer fact that running an Emacs shell can be fun, here
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30 ;; are a few of the unique features offered by Eshell:
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31 ;;
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32 ;; @ Integration with the Emacs Lisp programming environment
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33 ;;
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34 ;; @ A high degree of configurability
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35 ;;
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36 ;; @ The ability to have the same shell on every system Emacs has been
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37 ;; ported to. Since Eshell imposes no external requirements, and
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38 ;; relies upon only the Lisp functions exposed by Emacs, it is quite
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39 ;; operating system independent. Several of the common UNIX
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40 ;; commands, such as ls, mv, rm, ln, etc., have been implemented in
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41 ;; Lisp in order to provide a more consistent work environment.
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42 ;;
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43 ;; For those who might be using an older version of Eshell, version
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44 ;; 2.1 represents an entirely new, module-based architecture. It
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45 ;; supports most of the features offered by modern shells. Here is a
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46 ;; brief list of some of its more visible features:
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47 ;;
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48 ;; @ Command argument completion (tcsh, zsh)
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49 ;; @ Input history management (bash)
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50 ;; @ Intelligent output scrolling
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51 ;; @ Pseudo-devices (such as "/dev/clip" for copying to the clipboard)
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52 ;; @ Extended globbing (zsh)
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53 ;; @ Argument and globbing predication (zsh)
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54 ;; @ I/O redirection to buffers, files, symbols, processes, etc.
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55 ;; @ Many niceties otherwise seen only in 4DOS
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56 ;; @ Alias functions, both Lisp and Eshell-syntax
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57 ;; @ Piping, sequenced commands, background jobs, etc...
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58 ;;
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59 ;;;_* How to begin
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60 ;;
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61 ;; To start using Eshell, simply type `M-x eshell'.
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62 ;;
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63 ;;;_* Philosophy
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64 ;;
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65 ;; A shell is a layer which metaphorically surrounds the kernel, or
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66 ;; heart of an operating system. This kernel can be seen as an engine
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67 ;; of pure functionality, waiting to serve, while the user programs
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68 ;; take advantage of that functionality to accomplish their purpose.
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69 ;;
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70 ;; The shell's role is to make that functionality accessible to the
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71 ;; user in an unformed state. Very roughly, it associates kernel
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72 ;; functionality with textual commands, allowing the user to interact
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73 ;; with the operating system via linguistic constructs. Process
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74 ;; invocation is perhaps the most significant form this takes, using
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75 ;; the kernel's `fork' and `exec' functions.
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76 ;;
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77 ;; Other programs also interact with the functionality of the kernel,
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78 ;; but these user applications typically offer a specific range of
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79 ;; functionality, and thus are not classed as "shells" proper.
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80 ;; (What they lose in quiddity, they gain in rigidity).
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81 ;;
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82 ;; Emacs is also a user application, but it does make the
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83 ;; functionality of the kernel accessible through an interpreted
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84 ;; language -- namely, Lisp. For that reason, there is little
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85 ;; preventing Emacs from serving the same role as a modern shell. It
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86 ;; too can manipulate the kernel in an unpredetermined way to cause
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87 ;; system changes. All it's missing is the shell-ish linguistic
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88 ;; model.
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89 ;;
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90 ;; Enter Eshell. Eshell translates "shell-like" syntax into Lisp
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91 ;; in order to exercise the kernel in the same manner as typical
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92 ;; system shells. There is a fundamental difference here, however,
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93 ;; although it may seem subtle at first...
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94 ;;
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95 ;; Shells like csh and Bourne shell were written several decades ago,
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96 ;; in different times, under more restrictive circumstances. This
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97 ;; confined perspective shows itself in the paradigm used by nearly
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98 ;; all command-line shells since. They are linear in conception, byte
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99 ;; stream-based, sequential, and confined to movement within a single
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100 ;; host machine.
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101 ;;
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102 ;; Emacs, on the other hand, is more than just a limited translator
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103 ;; that can invoke subprocesses and redirect file handles. It also
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104 ;; manages character buffers, windowing frames, network connections,
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105 ;; registers, bookmarks, processes, etc. In other words, it's a very
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106 ;; multi-dimensional environment, within which eshell emulates a highly
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107 ;; linear methodology.
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108 ;;
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109 ;; Taking a moment, let's look at how this could affect the future of
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110 ;; a shell allowed to develop in such a wider field of play:
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111 ;;
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112 ;; @ There is no reason why directory movement should be linear, and
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113 ;; confined to a single file-system. Emacs, through w3 and ange-ftp,
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114 ;; has access to the entire Web. Why not allow a user to cd to
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115 ;; multiple directories simultaneously, for example? It might make
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116 ;; some tasks easier, such as diff'ing files separated by very long
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117 ;; pathnames.
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118 ;;
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119 ;; @ Data sources are available from anywhere Emacs can derive
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120 ;; information from: not just from files or the output of other
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121 ;; processes.
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122 ;;
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123 ;; @ Multiple shell invocations all share the same environment -- even
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124 ;; the same process list! It would be possible to have "process
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125 ;; views", so that one buffer is watching standard output, another
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126 ;; standard error, and another the result of standard output grep'd
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127 ;; through a regular expression...
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128 ;;
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129 ;; @ It is not necessary to "leave" the shell, losing all input and
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130 ;; output history, environment variables, directory stack, etc.
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131 ;; Emacs could save the contents of your eshell environment, and
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132 ;; restore all of it (or at least as much as possible) each time you
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133 ;; restart. This could occur automatically, without requiring
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134 ;; complex initialization scripts.
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135 ;;
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136 ;; @ Typos occur all of the time; many of them are repeats of common
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137 ;; errors, such as 'dri' for `dir'. Since executing non-existent
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138 ;; programs is rarely the intention of the user, eshell could prompt
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139 ;; for the replacement string, and then record that in a database of
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140 ;; known misspellings. (Note: The typo at the beginning of this
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141 ;; paragraph wasn't discovered until two months after I wrote the
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142 ;; text; it was not intentional).
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143 ;;
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144 ;; @ Emacs' register and bookmarking facilities can be used for
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145 ;; remembering where you've been, and what you've seen -- to varying
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146 ;; levels of persistence. They could perhaps even be tied to
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147 ;; specific "moments" during eshell execution, which would include
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148 ;; the environment at that time, as well as other variables.
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149 ;; Although this would require functionality orthogonal to Emacs'
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150 ;; own bookmarking facilities, the interface used could be made to
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151 ;; operate very similarly.
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152 ;;
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153 ;; This presents a brief idea of what the fuller dimensionality of an
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154 ;; Emacs shell could offer. It's not just the language of a shell
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155 ;; that determines how it's used, but also the Weltanschauung
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156 ;; underlying its design -- and which is felt behind even the smallest
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157 ;; feature. I would hope the freedom provided by using Emacs as a
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158 ;; parent environment will invite rich ideas from others. It
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159 ;; certainly feels as though all I've done so far is to tie down the
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160 ;; horse, so to speak, so that he will run at a man's pace.
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161 ;;
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162 ;;;_* Influences
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163 ;;
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164 ;; The author of Eshell has been a long-time user of the following
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165 ;; shells, all of which contributed to Eshell's design:
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166 ;;
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167 ;; @ rc
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168 ;; @ bash
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169 ;; @ zsh
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170 ;; @ sh
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171 ;; @ 4nt
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172 ;; @ csh
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173
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174 ;;;_* Speeding up load time
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175 ;;
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176 ;; If you find that Eshell loads too slowly, there is something you
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177 ;; can do to speed it up.
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178 ;;
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179 ;; Create a file, named /tmp/elc, containing this filelist:
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180 ;;
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181 ;; esh-util.elc
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182 ;; eshell.elc
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183 ;; esh-module.elc
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184 ;; esh-var.elc
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185 ;; esh-proc.elc
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186 ;; esh-arg.elc
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187 ;; esh-io.elc
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188 ;; esh-ext.elc
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189 ;; esh-cmd.elc
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190 ;; esh-mode.elc
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191 ;; esh-opt.elc
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192 ;; em-alias.elc
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193 ;; em-banner.elc
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194 ;; em-basic.elc
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195 ;; em-cmpl.elc
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196 ;; em-dirs.elc
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197 ;; em-pred.elc
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198 ;; em-glob.elc
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199 ;; em-hist.elc
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200 ;; em-ls.elc
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201 ;; em-prompt.elc
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202 ;; em-rebind.elc
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203 ;; em-script.elc
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204 ;; em-smart.elc
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205 ;; em-term.elc
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206 ;; em-unix.elc
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207 ;; em-xtra.elc
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208 ;;
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209 ;; The order is very important. Remove from the filelist any features
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210 ;; you don't use. These all begin with "em-". If you don't use
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211 ;; Eshell's key rebinding module, you can remove "em-rebind.elc" from
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212 ;; the filelist. The modules you are currently using are listed in
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213 ;; `eshell-modules-list'.
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214 ;;
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215 ;; Now, concatenating all of the above mentioned .elc files, in that
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216 ;; order, to another file. Here is how to do this on UNIX:
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217 ;;
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218 ;; cat `cat /tmp/elc` > tmp.elc ; mv tmp.elc eshell.elc
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219 ;;
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220 ;; Now your eshell.elc file contains all of the .elc files that make
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221 ;; up Eshell, in the right load order. When you next load Eshell, it
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222 ;; will only have to read in this one file, which will greatly speed
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223 ;; things up.
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224
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225 (eval-when-compile
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226 (require 'cl)
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227 (require 'esh-util))
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228 (require 'esh-util)
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229 (require 'esh-mode)
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230
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231 (defgroup eshell nil
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232 "Eshell is a command shell implemented entirely in Emacs Lisp. It
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233 invokes no external processes beyond those requested by the user. It
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234 is intended to be a functional replacement for command shells such as
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235 bash, zsh, rc, 4dos; since Emacs itself is capable of handling most of
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236 the tasks accomplished by such tools."
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237 :tag "The Emacs shell"
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238 :link '(info-link "(eshell)Top")
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239 :version "21.1"
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240 :group 'applications)
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241
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242 ;; This is hack to force make-autoload to put the whole definition
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243 ;; into the autoload file (see esh-module.el).
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244 (defalias 'eshell-defgroup 'defgroup)
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245
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246 ;;;_* User Options
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247 ;;
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248 ;; The following user options modify the behavior of Eshell overall.
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249 (defvar eshell-buffer-name)
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250
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251 (defsubst eshell-add-to-window-buffer-names ()
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252 "Add `eshell-buffer-name' to `same-window-buffer-names'."
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253 (add-to-list 'same-window-buffer-names eshell-buffer-name))
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254
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255 (defsubst eshell-remove-from-window-buffer-names ()
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256 "Remove `eshell-buffer-name' from `same-window-buffer-names'."
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257 (setq same-window-buffer-names
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258 (delete eshell-buffer-name same-window-buffer-names)))
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259
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260 (defcustom eshell-load-hook nil
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261 "A hook run once Eshell has been loaded."
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262 :type 'hook
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263 :group 'eshell)
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264
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265 (defcustom eshell-unload-hook
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266 '(eshell-remove-from-window-buffer-names
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267 eshell-unload-all-modules)
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268 "A hook run when Eshell is unloaded from memory."
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269 :type 'hook
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270 :group 'eshell)
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271
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272 (defcustom eshell-buffer-name "*eshell*"
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273 "The basename used for Eshell buffers."
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274 :set (lambda (symbol value)
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275 ;; remove the old value of `eshell-buffer-name', if present
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276 (if (boundp 'eshell-buffer-name)
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277 (eshell-remove-from-window-buffer-names))
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278 (set symbol value)
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279 ;; add the new value
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280 (eshell-add-to-window-buffer-names)
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281 value)
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282 :type 'string
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283 :group 'eshell)
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284
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285 (eshell-deftest mode same-window-buffer-names
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286 "`eshell-buffer-name' is a member of `same-window-buffer-names'"
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287 (member eshell-buffer-name same-window-buffer-names))
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288
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289 (defcustom eshell-directory-name (convert-standard-filename "~/.eshell/")
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290 "The directory where Eshell control files should be kept."
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291 :type 'directory
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292 :group 'eshell)
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293
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294 (eshell-deftest mode eshell-directory-exists
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295 "`eshell-directory-name' exists and is writable"
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296 (file-writable-p eshell-directory-name))
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297
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298 (eshell-deftest mode eshell-directory-modes
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299 "`eshell-directory-name' has correct access protections"
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300 (or (eshell-under-windows-p)
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301 (= (file-modes eshell-directory-name)
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302 eshell-private-directory-modes)))
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303
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304 ;;;_* Running Eshell
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305 ;;
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306 ;; There are only three commands used to invoke Eshell. The first two
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307 ;; are intended for interactive use, while the third is meant for
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308 ;; programmers. They are:
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309
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310 ;;;###autoload
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311 (defun eshell (&optional arg)
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312 "Create an interactive Eshell buffer.
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313 The buffer used for Eshell sessions is determined by the value of
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314 `eshell-buffer-name'. If there is already an Eshell session active in
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315 that buffer, Emacs will simply switch to it. Otherwise, a new session
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316 will begin. A numeric prefix arg (as in `C-u 42 M-x eshell RET')
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317 switches to the session with that number, creating it if necessary. A
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318 nonnumeric prefix arg means to create a new session. Returns the
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319 buffer selected (or created)."
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320 (interactive "P")
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321 (assert eshell-buffer-name)
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322 (let ((buf (cond ((numberp arg)
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323 (get-buffer-create (format "%s<%d>"
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324 eshell-buffer-name
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325 arg)))
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326 (arg
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327 (generate-new-buffer eshell-buffer-name))
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328 (t
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329 (get-buffer-create eshell-buffer-name)))))
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330 ;; Simply calling `pop-to-buffer' will not mimic the way that
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331 ;; shell-mode buffers appear, since they always reuse the same
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332 ;; window that that command was invoked from. To achieve this,
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333 ;; it's necessary to add `eshell-buffer-name' to the variable
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334 ;; `same-window-buffer-names', which is done when Eshell is loaded
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335 (assert (and buf (buffer-live-p buf)))
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336 (pop-to-buffer buf)
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337 (unless (eq major-mode 'eshell-mode)
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338 (eshell-mode))
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339 buf))
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340
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341 (defun eshell-return-exits-minibuffer ()
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342 (define-key eshell-mode-map [(control ?g)] 'abort-recursive-edit)
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343 (define-key eshell-mode-map [return] 'exit-minibuffer)
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344 (define-key eshell-mode-map [(control ?m)] 'exit-minibuffer)
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345 (define-key eshell-mode-map [(control ?j)] 'exit-minibuffer)
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346 (define-key eshell-mode-map [(meta return)] 'exit-minibuffer)
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347 (define-key eshell-mode-map [(meta control ?m)] 'exit-minibuffer))
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348
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349 (defvar eshell-non-interactive-p nil
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350 "A variable which is non-nil when Eshell is not running interactively.
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351 Modules should use this variable so that they don't clutter
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352 non-interactive sessions, such as when using `eshell-command'.")
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353
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354 ;;;###autoload
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355 (defun eshell-command (&optional command arg)
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356 "Execute the Eshell command string COMMAND.
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357 With prefix ARG, insert output into the current buffer at point."
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358 (interactive)
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359 (require 'esh-cmd)
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360 (unless arg
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361 (setq arg current-prefix-arg))
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362 (unwind-protect
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363 (let ((eshell-non-interactive-p t))
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364 (add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'eshell-mode)
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365 (add-hook 'minibuffer-exit-hook 'eshell-add-command-to-history)
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366 (add-hook 'eshell-mode-hook 'eshell-return-exits-minibuffer)
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367 (unless command
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368 (setq command (read-from-minibuffer "Emacs shell command: "))))
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369 (remove-hook 'eshell-mode-hook 'eshell-return-exits-minibuffer)
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370 (remove-hook 'minibuffer-exit-hook 'eshell-add-command-to-history)
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371 (remove-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'eshell-mode))
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372 (unless command
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373 (error "No command specified!"))
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374 ;; redirection into the current buffer is achieved by adding an
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375 ;; output redirection to the end of the command, of the form
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376 ;; 'COMMAND >>> #<buffer BUFFER>'. This will not interfere with
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377 ;; other redirections, since multiple redirections merely cause the
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378 ;; output to be copied to multiple target locations
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379 (if arg
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380 (setq command
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381 (concat command
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382 (format " >>> #<buffer %s>"
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383 (buffer-name (current-buffer))))))
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384 (save-excursion
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385 (let ((buf (set-buffer (generate-new-buffer " *eshell cmd*")))
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386 (eshell-non-interactive-p t))
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387 (eshell-mode)
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388 (let* ((proc (eshell-eval-command
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389 (list 'eshell-commands
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390 (eshell-parse-command command))))
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391 intr
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392 (bufname (if (and proc (listp proc))
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393 "*EShell Async Command Output*"
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394 (setq intr t)
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395 "*EShell Command Output*")))
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396 (if (buffer-live-p (get-buffer bufname))
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397 (kill-buffer bufname))
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398 (rename-buffer bufname)
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399 ;; things get a little coarse here, since the desire is to
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400 ;; make the output as attractive as possible, with no
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401 ;; extraneous newlines
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402 (when intr
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403 (if (eshell-interactive-process)
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404 (eshell-wait-for-process (eshell-interactive-process)))
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405 (assert (not (eshell-interactive-process)))
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406 (goto-char (point-max))
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407 (while (and (bolp) (not (bobp)))
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408 (delete-backward-char 1)))
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409 (assert (and buf (buffer-live-p buf)))
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410 (unless arg
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411 (let ((len (if (not intr) 2
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412 (count-lines (point-min) (point-max)))))
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413 (cond
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414 ((= len 0)
|
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415 (message "(There was no command output)")
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416 (kill-buffer buf))
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417 ((= len 1)
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418 (message "%s" (buffer-string))
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419 (kill-buffer buf))
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420 (t
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421 (save-selected-window
|
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422 (select-window (display-buffer buf))
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423 (goto-char (point-min))
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424 ;; cause the output buffer to take up as little screen
|
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425 ;; real-estate as possible, if temp buffer resizing is
|
|
426 ;; enabled
|
|
427 (and intr temp-buffer-resize-mode
|
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428 (resize-temp-buffer-window)))))))))))
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429
|
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430 ;;;###autoload
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431 (defun eshell-command-result (command &optional status-var)
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432 "Execute the given Eshell COMMAND, and return the result.
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433 The result might be any Lisp object.
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434 If STATUS-VAR is a symbol, it will be set to the exit status of the
|
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435 command. This is the only way to determine whether the value returned
|
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436 corresponding to a successful execution."
|
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437 ;; a null command produces a null, successful result
|
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438 (if (not command)
|
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439 (ignore
|
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440 (if (and status-var (symbolp status-var))
|
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441 (set status-var 0)))
|
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442 (with-temp-buffer
|
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443 (let ((eshell-non-interactive-p t))
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444 (eshell-mode)
|
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445 (let ((result (eshell-do-eval
|
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446 (list 'eshell-commands
|
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447 (list 'eshell-command-to-value
|
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448 (eshell-parse-command command))) t)))
|
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449 (assert (eq (car result) 'quote))
|
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450 (if (and status-var (symbolp status-var))
|
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451 (set status-var eshell-last-command-status))
|
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452 (cadr result))))))
|
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453
|
|
454 (eshell-deftest mode simple-command-result
|
|
455 "`eshell-command-result' works with a simple command."
|
|
456 (= (eshell-command-result "+ 1 2") 3))
|
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457
|
|
458 ;;;_* Reporting bugs
|
|
459 ;;
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460 ;; If you do encounter a bug, on any system, please report
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461 ;; it -- in addition to any particular oddities in your configuration
|
|
462 ;; -- so that the problem may be corrected for the benefit of others.
|
|
463
|
|
464 ;;;###autoload
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465 (define-obsolete-function-alias 'eshell-report-bug 'report-emacs-bug "23.1")
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466
|
|
467 ;;; Code:
|
|
468
|
|
469 (defun eshell-unload-all-modules ()
|
|
470 "Unload all modules that were loaded by Eshell, if possible.
|
|
471 If the user has require'd in any of the modules, or customized a
|
|
472 variable with a :require tag (such as `eshell-prefer-to-shell'), it
|
|
473 will be impossible to unload Eshell completely without restarting
|
|
474 Emacs."
|
|
475 ;; if the user set `eshell-prefer-to-shell' to t, but never loaded
|
|
476 ;; Eshell, then `eshell-subgroups' will be unbound
|
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477 (when (fboundp 'eshell-subgroups)
|
|
478 (eshell-for module (eshell-subgroups 'eshell)
|
|
479 ;; this really only unloads as many modules as possible,
|
|
480 ;; since other `require' references (such as by customizing
|
|
481 ;; `eshell-prefer-to-shell' to a non-nil value) might make it
|
|
482 ;; impossible to unload Eshell completely
|
|
483 (if (featurep module)
|
|
484 (ignore-errors
|
|
485 (message "Unloading %s..." (symbol-name module))
|
|
486 (unload-feature module)
|
|
487 (message "Unloading %s...done" (symbol-name module)))))
|
|
488 (message "Unloading eshell...done")))
|
|
489
|
|
490 (run-hooks 'eshell-load-hook)
|
|
491
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492 (provide 'eshell)
|
|
493
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494 ;; arch-tag: 9d4d5214-0e4e-4e02-b349-39add640d63f
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495 ;;; eshell.el ends here
|