annotate lispref/elisp.texi @ 17165:f36d8f965ab5

Fix typos in comment.
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date Mon, 17 Mar 1997 09:25:32 +0000
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1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c %**start of header
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3 @setfilename elisp
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4 @settitle GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
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5 @c %**end of header
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6
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7 @ifinfo
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8 This version is the edition 2.4.2 of the GNU Emacs Lisp
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9 Reference Manual. It corresponds to Emacs Version 19.34.
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10 @c Please REMEMBER to update edition number in *four* places in this file
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11 @c and also in *one* place in intro.texi
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12
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13 Published by the Free Software Foundation
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14 59 Temple Place, Suite 330
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15 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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16
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17 Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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18
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19 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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20 manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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21 preserved on all copies.
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22
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23 @ignore
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24 Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
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25 results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice
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26 identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this
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27 paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
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28
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29 @end ignore
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30 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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31 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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32 entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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33 permission notice identical to this one.
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34
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35 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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36 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
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37 except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation
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38 approved by the Foundation.
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39
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40 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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41 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
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42 section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
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43 in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
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44 distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
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45 one.
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46
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47 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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48 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
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49 except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
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50 included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
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51 instead of in the original English.
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52 @end ifinfo
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53
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54 @c Combine indices.
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55 @synindex cp fn
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56 @syncodeindex vr fn
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57 @syncodeindex ky fn
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58 @syncodeindex pg fn
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59 @syncodeindex tp fn
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60
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61 @setchapternewpage odd
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62 @finalout
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63
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64 @titlepage
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65 @title GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
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66 @subtitle GNU Emacs Version 19
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67 @subtitle for Unix Users
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68 @c The edition number appears in several places in this file
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69 @c and also in the file intro.texi.
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70 @subtitle Revision 2.4.2, December 1996
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71
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72 @author by Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte, Richard Stallman
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73 @author and the GNU Manual Group
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74 @page
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75 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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76 Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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77
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78 @sp 2
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79 Edition 2.4.2 @*
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80 Revised for Emacs Version 19.34,@*
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81 July 1996.@*
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82 @sp 2
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83 ISBN 1-882114-71-X
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84
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85 @sp 2
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86 Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
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87 59 Temple Place, Suite 330@*
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88 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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89
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90 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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91 manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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92 preserved on all copies.
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93
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94 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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95 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
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96 section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included
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97 exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire resulting
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98 derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
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99 identical to this one.
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100
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101 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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102 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
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103 except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
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104 included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
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105 instead of in the original English.
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106
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107 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
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108 @end titlepage
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109 @page
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110
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111 @node Top, Copying, (dir), (dir)
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112
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113 @ifinfo
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114 This Info file contains edition 2.4.2 of the GNU Emacs Lisp
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115 Reference Manual, corresponding to GNU Emacs version 19.34.
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116 @end ifinfo
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117
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118 @menu
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119 * Copying:: Conditions for copying and changing GNU Emacs.
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120 * Introduction:: Introduction and conventions used.
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121
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122 * Lisp Data Types:: Data types of objects in Emacs Lisp.
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123 * Numbers:: Numbers and arithmetic functions.
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124 * Strings and Characters:: Strings, and functions that work on them.
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125 * Lists:: Lists, cons cells, and related functions.
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126 * Sequences Arrays Vectors:: Lists, strings and vectors are called sequences.
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127 Certain functions act on any kind of sequence.
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128 The description of vectors is here as well.
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129 * Symbols:: Symbols represent names, uniquely.
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130
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131 * Evaluation:: How Lisp expressions are evaluated.
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132 * Control Structures:: Conditionals, loops, nonlocal exits.
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133 * Variables:: Using symbols in programs to stand for values.
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134 * Functions:: A function is a Lisp program
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135 that can be invoked from other functions.
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136 * Macros:: Macros are a way to extend the Lisp language.
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137
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138 * Loading:: Reading files of Lisp code into Lisp.
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139 * Byte Compilation:: Compilation makes programs run faster.
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140 * Debugging:: Tools and tips for debugging Lisp programs.
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141
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142 * Read and Print:: Converting Lisp objects to text and back.
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143 * Minibuffers:: Using the minibuffer to read input.
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144 * Command Loop:: How the editor command loop works,
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145 and how you can call its subroutines.
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146 * Keymaps:: Defining the bindings from keys to commands.
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147 * Modes:: Defining major and minor modes.
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148 * Documentation:: Writing and using documentation strings.
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149
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150 * Files:: Accessing files.
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151 * Backups and Auto-Saving:: Controlling how backups and auto-save
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152 files are made.
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153 * Buffers:: Creating and using buffer objects.
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154 * Windows:: Manipulating windows and displaying buffers.
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155 * Frames:: Making multiple X windows.
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156 * Positions:: Buffer positions and motion functions.
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157 * Markers:: Markers represent positions and update
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158 automatically when the text is changed.
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159
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160 * Text:: Examining and changing text in buffers.
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161 * Searching and Matching:: Searching buffers for strings or regexps.
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162 * Syntax Tables:: The syntax table controls word and list parsing.
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163 * Abbrevs:: How Abbrev mode works, and its data structures.
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164
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165 * Processes:: Running and communicating with subprocesses.
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166 * System Interface:: Getting the user id, system type, environment
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167 variables, and other such things.
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168 * Display:: Parameters controlling screen usage.
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169 The bell. Waiting for input.
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170 * Calendar:: Customizing the calendar and diary.
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171
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172 Appendices
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173
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174 * Tips:: Advice for writing Lisp programs.
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175 * GNU Emacs Internals:: Building and dumping Emacs;
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176 internal data structures.
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177 * Standard Errors:: List of all error symbols.
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178 * Standard Buffer-Local Variables:: List of variables local in all buffers.
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179 * Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps.
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180 * Standard Hooks:: List of standard hook variables.
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181
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182 * Index:: Index including concepts, functions, variables,
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183 and other terms.
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184
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185 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
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186
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187 Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed,
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188 mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
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189
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190 Introduction
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191
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192 * Caveats:: Flaws and a request for help.
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193 * Lisp History:: Emacs Lisp is descended from Maclisp.
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194 * Conventions:: How the manual is formatted.
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195 * Acknowledgements:: The authors, editors, and sponsors of this manual.
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196
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197 Conventions
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198
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199 * Some Terms:: Explanation of terms we use in this manual.
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200 * nil and t:: How the symbols @code{nil} and @code{t} are used.
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201 * Evaluation Notation:: The format we use for examples of evaluation.
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202 * Printing Notation:: The format we use for examples that print output.
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203 * Error Messages:: The format we use for examples of errors.
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204 * Buffer Text Notation:: The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
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205 * Format of Descriptions:: Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.
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206
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207 Format of Descriptions
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208
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209 * A Sample Function Description::
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210 * A Sample Variable Description::
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211
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212 Lisp Data Types
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213
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214 * Printed Representation:: How Lisp objects are represented as text.
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215 * Comments:: Comments and their formatting conventions.
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216 * Programming Types:: Types found in all Lisp systems.
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217 * Editing Types:: Types specific to Emacs.
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218 * Type Predicates:: Tests related to types.
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219 * Equality Predicates:: Tests of equality between any two objects.
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220
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221 Programming Types
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222
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223 * Integer Type:: Numbers without fractional parts.
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224 * Floating Point Type:: Numbers with fractional parts and with a large range.
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225 * Character Type:: The representation of letters, numbers and
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226 control characters.
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227 * Sequence Type:: Both lists and arrays are classified as sequences.
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228 * Cons Cell Type:: Cons cells, and lists (which are made from cons cells).
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229 * Array Type:: Arrays include strings and vectors.
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230 * String Type:: An (efficient) array of characters.
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231 * Vector Type:: One-dimensional arrays.
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232 * Symbol Type:: A multi-use object that refers to a function,
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233 variable, property list, or itself.
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234 * Function Type:: A piece of executable code you can call from elsewhere.
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235 * Macro Type:: A method of expanding an expression into another
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236 expression, more fundamental but less pretty.
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237 * Primitive Function Type:: A function written in C, callable from Lisp.
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238 * Byte-Code Type:: A function written in Lisp, then compiled.
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239 * Autoload Type:: A type used for automatically loading seldom-used
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240 functions.
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241
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242 List Type
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243
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244 * Dotted Pair Notation:: An alternative syntax for lists.
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245 * Association List Type:: A specially constructed list.
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246
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247 Editing Types
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248
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249 * Buffer Type:: The basic object of editing.
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250 * Window Type:: What makes buffers visible.
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251 * Window Configuration Type::Save what the screen looks like.
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252 * Marker Type:: A position in a buffer.
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253 * Process Type:: A process running on the underlying OS.
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254 * Stream Type:: Receive or send characters.
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255 * Keymap Type:: What function a keystroke invokes.
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256 * Syntax Table Type:: What a character means.
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257
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258 Numbers
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259
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260 * Integer Basics:: Representation and range of integers.
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261 * Float Basics:: Representation and range of floating point.
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262 * Predicates on Numbers:: Testing for numbers.
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263 * Comparison of Numbers:: Equality and inequality predicates.
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264 * Arithmetic Operations:: How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
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265 * Bitwise Operations:: Logical and, or, not, shifting.
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266 * Numeric Conversions:: Converting float to integer and vice versa.
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267 * Math Functions:: Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
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268 * Random Numbers:: Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.
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269
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270 Strings and Characters
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271
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272 * String Basics:: Basic properties of strings and characters.
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273 * Predicates for Strings:: Testing whether an object is a string or char.
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274 * Creating Strings:: Functions to allocate new strings.
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275 * Text Comparison:: Comparing characters or strings.
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276 * String Conversion:: Converting characters or strings and vice versa.
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277 * Formatting Strings:: @code{format}: Emacs's analog of @code{printf}.
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278 * Character Case:: Case conversion functions.
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279
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280 Lists
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281
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282 * Cons Cells:: How lists are made out of cons cells.
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283 * Lists as Boxes:: Graphical notation to explain lists.
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284 * List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list? Comparing two lists.
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285 * List Elements:: Extracting the pieces of a list.
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286 * Building Lists:: Creating list structure.
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287 * Modifying Lists:: Storing new pieces into an existing list.
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288 * Sets And Lists:: A list can represent a finite mathematical set.
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289 * Association Lists:: A list can represent a finite relation or mapping.
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290
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291 Modifying Existing List Structure
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292
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293 * Setcar:: Replacing an element in a list.
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294 * Setcdr:: Replacing part of the list backbone.
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295 This can be used to remove or add elements.
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296 * Rearrangement:: Reordering the elements in a list; combining lists.
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297
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298 Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors
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299
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300 * Sequence Functions:: Functions that accept any kind of sequence.
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301 * Arrays:: Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp.
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302 * Array Functions:: Functions specifically for arrays.
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303 * Vectors:: Functions specifically for vectors.
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304
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305 Symbols
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306
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307 * Symbol Components:: Symbols have names, values, function definitions
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308 and property lists.
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309 * Definitions:: A definition says how a symbol will be used.
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310 * Creating Symbols:: How symbols are kept unique.
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311 * Property Lists:: Each symbol has a property list
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312 for recording miscellaneous information.
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313
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314 Evaluation
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315
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316 * Intro Eval:: Evaluation in the scheme of things.
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317 * Eval:: How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly.
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318 * Forms:: How various sorts of objects are evaluated.
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319 * Quoting:: Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in
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320 the program).
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321
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322 Kinds of Forms
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323
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324 * Self-Evaluating Forms:: Forms that evaluate to themselves.
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325 * Symbol Forms:: Symbols evaluate as variables.
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326 * Classifying Lists:: How to distinguish various sorts of list forms.
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327 * Function Forms:: Forms that call functions.
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328 * Macro Forms:: Forms that call macros.
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329 * Special Forms:: ``Special forms'' are idiosyncratic primitives,
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330 most of them extremely important.
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331 * Autoloading:: Functions set up to load files
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332 containing their real definitions.
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333
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334 Control Structures
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335
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336 * Sequencing:: Evaluation in textual order.
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337 * Conditionals:: @code{if}, @code{cond}.
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338 * Combining Conditions:: @code{and}, @code{or}, @code{not}.
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339 * Iteration:: @code{while} loops.
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340 * Nonlocal Exits:: Jumping out of a sequence.
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341
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342 Nonlocal Exits
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343
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344 * Catch and Throw:: Nonlocal exits for the program's own purposes.
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345 * Examples of Catch:: Showing how such nonlocal exits can be written.
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346 * Errors:: How errors are signaled and handled.
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347 * Cleanups:: Arranging to run a cleanup form if an
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348 error happens.
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349
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350 Errors
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351
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352 * Signaling Errors:: How to report an error.
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353 * Processing of Errors:: What Emacs does when you report an error.
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354 * Handling Errors:: How you can trap errors and continue execution.
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355 * Error Symbols:: How errors are classified for trapping them.
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356
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357 Variables
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358
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359 * Global Variables:: Variable values that exist permanently, everywhere.
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360 * Constant Variables:: Certain "variables" have values that never change.
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361 * Local Variables:: Variable values that exist only temporarily.
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362 * Void Variables:: Symbols that lack values.
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363 * Defining Variables:: A definition says a symbol is used as a variable.
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364 * Accessing Variables:: Examining values of variables whose names
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365 are known only at run time.
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366 * Setting Variables:: Storing new values in variables.
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367 * Variable Scoping:: How Lisp chooses among local and global values.
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368 * Buffer-Local Variables:: Variable values in effect only in one buffer.
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369
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370 Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings
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371
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372 * Scope:: Scope means where in the program a value
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373 is visible. Comparison with other languages.
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374 * Extent:: Extent means how long in time a value exists.
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375 * Impl of Scope:: Two ways to implement dynamic scoping.
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376 * Using Scoping:: How to use dynamic scoping carefully and
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377 avoid problems.
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378
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379 Buffer-Local Variables
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380
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381 * Intro to Buffer-Local:: Introduction and concepts.
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382 * Creating Buffer-Local:: Creating and destroying buffer-local bindings.
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383 * Default Value:: The default value is seen in buffers
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384 that don't have their own local values.
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385
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386 Functions
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387
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388 * What Is a Function:: Lisp functions vs primitives; terminology.
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389 * Lambda Expressions:: How functions are expressed as Lisp objects.
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390 * Function Names:: A symbol can serve as the name of a function.
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391 * Defining Functions:: Lisp expressions for defining functions.
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392 * Calling Functions:: How to use an existing function.
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393 * Mapping Functions:: Applying a function to each element of a list, etc.
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394 * Anonymous Functions:: Lambda-expressions are functions with no names.
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395 * Function Cells:: Accessing or setting the function definition
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396 of a symbol.
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397 * Related Topics:: Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives
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398 that have a special bearing on how
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399 functions work.
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400
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401 Lambda Expressions
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402
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403 * Lambda Components:: The parts of a lambda expression.
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404 * Simple Lambda:: A simple example.
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405 * Argument List:: Details and special features of argument lists.
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406 * Function Documentation:: How to put documentation in a function.
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407
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408 Macros
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409
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410 * Simple Macro:: A basic example.
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411 * Expansion:: How, when and why macros are expanded.
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412 * Compiling Macros:: How macros are expanded by the compiler.
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413 * Defining Macros:: How to write a macro definition.
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414 * Backquote:: Easier construction of list structure.
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415 * Problems with Macros:: Don't evaluate the macro arguments too many times.
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416 Don't hide the user's variables.
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417
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418 Loading
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419
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420 * How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others.
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421 * Autoload:: Setting up a function to autoload.
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422 * Named Features:: Loading a library if it isn't already loaded.
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423 * Repeated Loading:: Precautions about loading a file twice.
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424
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425 Byte Compilation
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426
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427 * Compilation Functions:: Byte compilation functions.
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428 * Disassembly:: Disassembling byte-code; how to read byte-code.
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429
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430 Debugging Lisp Programs
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431
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432 * Debugger:: How the Emacs Lisp debugger is implemented.
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433 * Syntax Errors:: How to find syntax errors.
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434 * Compilation Errors:: How to find errors that show up in
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435 byte compilation.
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436 * Edebug:: A source-level Emacs Lisp debugger.
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437
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438 The Lisp Debugger
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439
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440 * Error Debugging:: Entering the debugger when an error happens.
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441 * Function Debugging:: Entering it when a certain function is called.
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442 * Explicit Debug:: Entering it at a certain point in the program.
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443 * Using Debugger:: What the debugger does; what you see while in it.
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444 * Debugger Commands:: Commands used while in the debugger.
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445 * Invoking the Debugger:: How to call the function @code{debug}.
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446 * Internals of Debugger:: Subroutines of the debugger, and global variables.
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447
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448 Debugging Invalid Lisp Syntax
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449
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450 * Excess Open:: How to find a spurious open paren or missing close.
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451 * Excess Close:: How to find a spurious close paren or missing open.
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452
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453 Reading and Printing Lisp Objects
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454
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455 * Streams Intro:: Overview of streams, reading and printing.
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456 * Input Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
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457 input streams.
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458 * Input Functions:: Functions to read Lisp objects from text.
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459 * Output Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
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460 output streams.
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461 * Output Functions:: Functions to print Lisp objects as text.
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462
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463 Minibuffers
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464
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465 * Intro to Minibuffers:: Basic information about minibuffers.
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466 * Text from Minibuffer:: How to read a straight text string.
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467 * Object from Minibuffer:: How to read a Lisp object or expression.
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468 * Completion:: How to invoke and customize completion.
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469 * Yes-or-No Queries:: Asking a question with a simple answer.
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470 * Minibuffer Misc:: Various customization hooks and variables.
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471
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472 Completion
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473
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474 * Basic Completion:: Low-level functions for completing strings.
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475 (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.)
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476 * Minibuffer Completion:: Invoking the minibuffer with completion.
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477 * Completion Commands:: Minibuffer commands that do completion.
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478 * High-Level Completion:: Convenient special cases of completion
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479 (reading buffer name, file name, etc.)
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480 * Reading File Names:: Using completion to read file names.
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481 * Programmed Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
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482
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483 Command Loop
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484
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485 * Command Overview:: How the command loop reads commands.
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486 * Defining Commands:: Specifying how a function should read arguments.
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487 * Interactive Call:: Calling a command, so that it will read arguments.
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488 * Command Loop Info:: Variables set by the command loop for you to examine.
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489 * Input Events:: What input looks like when you read it.
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490 * Reading Input:: How to read input events from the keyboard or mouse.
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491 * Waiting:: Waiting for user input or elapsed time.
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492 * Quitting:: How @kbd{C-g} works. How to catch or defer quitting.
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493 * Prefix Command Arguments:: How the commands to set prefix args work.
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494 * Recursive Editing:: Entering a recursive edit,
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495 and why you usually shouldn't.
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496 * Disabling Commands:: How the command loop handles disabled commands.
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497 * Command History:: How the command history is set up, and how accessed.
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498 * Keyboard Macros:: How keyboard macros are implemented.
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parents:
diff changeset
499
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diff changeset
500 Defining Commands
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501
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502 * Using Interactive:: General rules for @code{interactive}.
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parents:
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503 * Interactive Codes:: The standard letter-codes for reading arguments
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504 in various ways.
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505 * Interactive Examples:: Examples of how to read interactive arguments.
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506
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507 Keymaps
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diff changeset
508
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509 * Keymap Terminology:: Definitions of terms pertaining to keymaps.
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510 * Format of Keymaps:: What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
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511 * Creating Keymaps:: Functions to create and copy keymaps.
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512 * Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings
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513 of another keymap.
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514 * Prefix Keys:: Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
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515 * Menu Keymaps:: A keymap can define a menu for X windows
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516 or for use from the terminal.
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517 * Active Keymaps:: Each buffer has a local keymap
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518 to override the standard (global) bindings.
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519 Each minor mode can also override them.
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520 * Key Lookup:: How extracting elements from keymaps works.
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521 * Functions for Key Lookup:: How to request key lookup.
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522 * Changing Key Bindings:: Redefining a key in a keymap.
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523 * Key Binding Commands:: Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
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524 * Scanning Keymaps:: Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
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525
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526 Major and Minor Modes
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527
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528 * Major Modes:: Defining major modes.
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529 * Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes.
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530 * Mode Line Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the mode line.
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parents:
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531 * Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that
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532 provides hooks.
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diff changeset
533
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diff changeset
534 Major Modes
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diff changeset
535
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536 * Major Mode Conventions:: Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.
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parents:
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537 * Example Major Modes:: Text mode and Lisp modes.
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parents:
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538 * Auto Major Mode:: How Emacs chooses the major mode automatically.
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parents:
diff changeset
539 * Mode Help:: Finding out how to use a mode.
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parents:
diff changeset
540
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diff changeset
541 Minor Modes
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diff changeset
542
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543 * Minor Mode Conventions:: Tips for writing a minor mode.
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544 * Keymaps and Minor Modes:: How a minor mode can have its own keymap.
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545
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546 Mode Line Format
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547
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548 * Mode Line Data:: The data structure that controls the mode line.
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parents:
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549 * Mode Line Variables:: Variables used in that data structure.
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parents:
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550 * %-Constructs:: Putting information into a mode line.
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551
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552 Documentation
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553
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554 * Documentation Basics:: Good style for doc strings.
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diff changeset
555 Where to put them. How Emacs stores them.
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556 * Accessing Documentation:: How Lisp programs can access doc strings.
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557 * Keys in Documentation:: Substituting current key bindings.
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558 * Describing Characters:: Making printable descriptions of
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559 non-printing characters and key sequences.
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parents:
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560 * Help Functions:: Subroutines used by Emacs help facilities.
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561
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562 Files
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diff changeset
563
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564 * Visiting Files:: Reading files into Emacs buffers for editing.
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parents:
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565 * Saving Buffers:: Writing changed buffers back into files.
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parents:
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566 * Reading from Files:: Reading files into other buffers.
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567 * Writing to Files:: Writing new files from parts of buffers.
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568 * File Locks:: Locking and unlocking files, to prevent
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parents:
diff changeset
569 simultaneous editing by two people.
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570 * Information about Files:: Testing existence, accessibility, size of files.
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571 * Contents of Directories:: Getting a list of the files in a directory.
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572 * Changing File Attributes:: Renaming files, changing protection, etc.
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573 * File Names:: Decomposing and expanding file names.
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parents:
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574
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diff changeset
575 Visiting Files
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576
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577 * Visiting Functions:: The usual interface functions for visiting.
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parents:
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578 * Subroutines of Visiting:: Lower-level subroutines that they use.
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579
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580 Information about Files
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parents:
diff changeset
581
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diff changeset
582 * Testing Accessibility:: Is a given file readable? Writable?
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parents:
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583 * Kinds of Files:: Is it a directory? A link?
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584 * File Attributes:: How large is it? Any other names? Etc.
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585
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586 File Names
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587
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588 * File Name Components:: The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
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parents:
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589 * Directory Names:: A directory's name as a directory
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diff changeset
590 is different from its name as a file.
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591 * Relative File Names:: Some file names are relative to a
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592 current directory.
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593 * File Name Expansion:: Converting relative file names to absolute ones.
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594 * Unique File Names:: Generating names for temporary files.
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parents:
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595 * File Name Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
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parents:
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596
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diff changeset
597 Backups and Auto-Saving
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598
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599 * Backup Files:: How backup files are made; how their names
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parents:
diff changeset
600 are chosen.
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diff changeset
601 * Auto-Saving:: How auto-save files are made; how their
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diff changeset
602 names are chosen.
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603 * Reverting:: @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize
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parents:
diff changeset
604 what it does.
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605
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606 Backup Files
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607
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608 * Making Backups:: How Emacs makes backup files, and when.
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parents:
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609 * Rename or Copy:: Two alternatives: renaming the old file
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parents:
diff changeset
610 or copying it.
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parents:
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611 * Numbered Backups:: Keeping multiple backups for each source file.
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612 * Backup Names:: How backup file names are computed; customization.
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parents:
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613
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diff changeset
614 Buffers
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parents:
diff changeset
615
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diff changeset
616 * Buffer Basics:: What is a buffer?
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617 * Buffer Names:: Accessing and changing buffer names.
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618 * Buffer File Name:: The buffer file name indicates which file
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diff changeset
619 is visited.
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diff changeset
620 * Buffer Modification:: A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved.
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parents:
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621 * Modification Time:: Determining whether the visited file was changed
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622 ``behind Emacs's back''.
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623 * Read Only Buffers:: Modifying text is not allowed in a
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diff changeset
624 read-only buffer.
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625 * The Buffer List:: How to look at all the existing buffers.
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parents:
diff changeset
626 * Creating Buffers:: Functions that create buffers.
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parents:
diff changeset
627 * Killing Buffers:: Buffers exist until explicitly killed.
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parents:
diff changeset
628 * Current Buffer:: Designating a buffer as current
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parents:
diff changeset
629 so primitives will access its contents.
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parents:
diff changeset
630
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diff changeset
631 Windows
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632
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633 * Basic Windows:: Basic information on using windows.
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parents:
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634 * Splitting Windows:: Splitting one window into two windows.
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parents:
diff changeset
635 * Deleting Windows:: Deleting a window gives its space to other windows.
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parents:
diff changeset
636 * Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in.
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parents:
diff changeset
637 * Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows.
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parents:
diff changeset
638 * Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
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parents:
diff changeset
639 * Displaying Buffers:: Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
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parents:
diff changeset
640 and choosing a window for it.
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parents:
diff changeset
641 * Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point.
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parents:
diff changeset
642 * Window Start:: The display-start position controls which text
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parents:
diff changeset
643 is on-screen in the window.
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parents:
diff changeset
644 * Vertical Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in the window.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
645 * Scrolling Hooks:: Hooks that run when you scroll a window.
6451
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diff changeset
646 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text sideways on the window.
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parents:
diff changeset
647 * Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window.
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parents:
diff changeset
648 * Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window.
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parents:
diff changeset
649 * Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
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parents:
diff changeset
650
12098
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651 Frames
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diff changeset
652
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diff changeset
653 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames.
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diff changeset
654 * Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other X displays.
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655 * Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
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656 * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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657 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
658 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames.
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diff changeset
659 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows;
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diff changeset
660 display of text always works through windows.
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diff changeset
661 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
662 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
663 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
664 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows;
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
665 lowering it makes the others hide them.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
666 * Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
667 * Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
668 * Mouse Position:: Asking where the mouse is, or moving it.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
669 * Pop-Up Menus:: Displaying a menu for the user to select from.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
670 * Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
671 * Pointer Shapes:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
672 * X Selections:: Transferring text to and from other X clients.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
673 * Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
674 * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
675 * Server Data:: Getting info about the X server.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
676
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diff changeset
677 Positions
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parents:
diff changeset
678
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parents:
diff changeset
679 * Point:: The special position where editing takes place.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680 * Motion:: Changing point.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 * Excursions:: Temporary motion and buffer changes.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 * Narrowing:: Restricting editing to a portion of the buffer.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683
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parents:
diff changeset
684 Motion
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
685
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 * Character Motion:: Moving in terms of characters.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 * Word Motion:: Moving in terms of words.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 * Buffer End Motion:: Moving to the beginning or end of the buffer.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 * Text Lines:: Moving in terms of lines of text.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690 * Screen Lines:: Moving in terms of lines as displayed.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 * List Motion:: Moving by parsing lists and sexps.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692 * Skipping Characters:: Skipping characters belonging to a certain set.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 Markers
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 * Overview of Markers:: The components of a marker, and how it relocates.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 * Predicates on Markers:: Testing whether an object is a marker.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698 * Creating Markers:: Making empty markers or markers at certain places.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 * Information from Markers:: Finding the marker's buffer or character
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 position.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 * Changing Markers:: Moving the marker to a new buffer or position.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 * The Mark:: How ``the mark'' is implemented with a marker.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 * The Region:: How to access ``the region''.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 Text
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 * Near Point:: Examining text in the vicinity of point.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 * Buffer Contents:: Examining text in a general fashion.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 * Insertion:: Adding new text to a buffer.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 * Commands for Insertion:: User-level commands to insert text.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 * Deletion:: Removing text from a buffer.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 * User-Level Deletion:: User-level commands to delete text.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 * The Kill Ring:: Where removed text sometimes is saved for
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 later use.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715 * Undo:: Undoing changes to the text of a buffer.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 * Auto Filling:: How auto-fill mode is implemented to break lines.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717 * Filling:: Functions for explicit filling.
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
718 * Margins:: How to specify margins for filling commands.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
719 * Sorting:: Functions for sorting parts of the buffer.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 * Indentation:: Functions to insert or adjust indentation.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 * Columns:: Computing horizontal positions, and using them.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 * Case Changes:: Case conversion of parts of the buffer.
15725
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
723 * Text Properties:: Assigning Lisp property lists to text characters.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
724 * Substitution:: Replacing a given character wherever it appears.
15725
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
725 * Transposition:: Swapping two portions of a buffer.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
726 * Registers:: How registers are implemented. Accessing
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 the text or position stored in a register.
15725
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
728 * Change Hooks:: Supplying functions to be run when text is changed.
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diff changeset
729
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parents:
diff changeset
730 The Kill Ring
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parents:
diff changeset
731
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 * Kill Ring Concepts:: What text looks like in the kill ring.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 * Kill Functions:: Functions that kill text.
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parents:
diff changeset
734 * Yank Commands:: Commands that access the kill ring.
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 7734
diff changeset
735 * Low-Level Kill Ring:: Functions and variables for kill ring access.
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parents:
diff changeset
736 * Internals of Kill Ring:: Variables that hold kill-ring data.
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parents:
diff changeset
737
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parents:
diff changeset
738 Indentation
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
739
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 * Primitive Indent:: Functions used to count and insert indentation.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 * Mode-Specific Indent:: Customize indentation for different modes.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 * Region Indent:: Indent all the lines in a region.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 * Relative Indent:: Indent the current line based on previous lines.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744 * Indent Tabs:: Adjustable, typewriter-like tab stops.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745 * Motion by Indent:: Move to first non-blank character.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746
15725
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
747 Text Properties
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
748
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
749 * Examining Properties:: Looking at the properties of one character.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
750 * Changing Properties:: Setting the properties of a range of text.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
751 * Property Search:: Searching for where a property changes value.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
752 * Special Properties:: Particular properties with special meanings.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
753 * Format Properties:: Properties for representing formatting of text.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
754 * Sticky Properties:: How inserted text gets properties from
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
755 neighboring text.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
756 * Saving Properties:: Saving text properties in files, and reading
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
757 them back.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
758 * Lazy Properties:: Computing text properties in a lazy fashion
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
759 only when text is examined.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
760 * Not Intervals:: Why text properties do not use
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
761 Lisp-visible text intervals.
bf32c17c153b Changes for Emacs 19.32.
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
762
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diff changeset
763 Searching and Matching
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parents:
diff changeset
764
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parents:
diff changeset
765 * String Search:: Search for an exact match.
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parents:
diff changeset
766 * Regular Expressions:: Describing classes of strings.
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parents:
diff changeset
767 * Regexp Search:: Searching for a match for a regexp.
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parents:
diff changeset
768 * Match Data:: Finding out which part of the text matched
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 various parts of a regexp, after regexp search.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 * Saving Match Data:: Saving and restoring this information.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 * Standard Regexps:: Useful regexps for finding sentences, pages,...
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 * Searching and Case:: Case-independent or case-significant searching.
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parents:
diff changeset
773
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parents:
diff changeset
774 Regular Expressions
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parents:
diff changeset
775
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parents:
diff changeset
776 * Syntax of Regexps:: Rules for writing regular expressions.
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parents:
diff changeset
777 * Regexp Example:: Illustrates regular expression syntax.
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parents:
diff changeset
778
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parents:
diff changeset
779 Syntax Tables
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parents:
diff changeset
780
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parents:
diff changeset
781 * Syntax Descriptors:: How characters are classified.
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parents:
diff changeset
782 * Syntax Table Functions:: How to create, examine and alter syntax tables.
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parents:
diff changeset
783 * Parsing Expressions:: Parsing balanced expressions
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parents:
diff changeset
784 using the syntax table.
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parents:
diff changeset
785 * Standard Syntax Tables:: Syntax tables used by various major modes.
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parents:
diff changeset
786 * Syntax Table Internals:: How syntax table information is stored.
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parents:
diff changeset
787
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parents:
diff changeset
788 Syntax Descriptors
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parents:
diff changeset
789
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parents:
diff changeset
790 * Syntax Class Table:: Table of syntax classes.
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parents:
diff changeset
791 * Syntax Flags:: Additional flags each character can have.
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parents:
diff changeset
792
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parents:
diff changeset
793 Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion
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parents:
diff changeset
794
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parents:
diff changeset
795 * Abbrev Mode:: Setting up Emacs for abbreviation.
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parents:
diff changeset
796 * Tables: Abbrev Tables. Creating and working with abbrev tables.
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parents:
diff changeset
797 * Defining Abbrevs:: Specifying abbreviations and their expansions.
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parents:
diff changeset
798 * Files: Abbrev Files. Saving abbrevs in files.
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parents:
diff changeset
799 * Expansion: Abbrev Expansion. Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines.
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parents:
diff changeset
800 * Standard Abbrev Tables:: Abbrev tables used by various major modes.
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parents:
diff changeset
801
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parents:
diff changeset
802 Processes
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parents:
diff changeset
803
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parents:
diff changeset
804 * Subprocess Creation:: Functions that start subprocesses.
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parents:
diff changeset
805 * Synchronous Processes:: Details of using synchronous subprocesses.
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parents:
diff changeset
806 * Asynchronous Processes:: Starting up an asynchronous subprocess.
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parents:
diff changeset
807 * Deleting Processes:: Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess.
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parents:
diff changeset
808 * Process Information:: Accessing run-status and other attributes.
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parents:
diff changeset
809 * Input to Processes:: Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess.
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parents:
diff changeset
810 * Signals to Processes:: Stopping, continuing or interrupting
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parents:
diff changeset
811 an asynchronous subprocess.
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parents:
diff changeset
812 * Output from Processes:: Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess.
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parents:
diff changeset
813 * Sentinels:: Sentinels run when process run-status changes.
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
814 * Network:: Opening network connections.
6451
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diff changeset
815
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diff changeset
816 Receiving Output from Processes
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parents:
diff changeset
817
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parents:
diff changeset
818 * Process Buffers:: If no filter, output is put in a buffer.
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parents:
diff changeset
819 * Filter Functions:: Filter functions accept output from the process.
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parents:
diff changeset
820 * Accepting Output:: How to wait until process output arrives.
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parents:
diff changeset
821
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822 Operating System Interface
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823
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824 * Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs start-up processing.
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parents:
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825 * Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
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parents:
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826 * System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system.
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parents:
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827 * Terminal Input:: Recording terminal input for debugging.
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parents:
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828 * Terminal Output:: Recording terminal output for debugging.
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parents:
diff changeset
829 * Flow Control:: How to turn output flow control on or off.
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830 * Batch Mode:: Running Emacs without terminal interaction.
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parents:
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831
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832 Starting Up Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
833
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834 * Start-up Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up.
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diff changeset
835 * Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}).
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836 * Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
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parents:
diff changeset
837 * Command Line Arguments:: How command line arguments are processed,
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838 and how you can customize them.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 Getting out of Emacs
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841
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842 * Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly.
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843 * Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly.
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parents:
diff changeset
844
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845 Emacs Display
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parents:
diff changeset
846
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847 * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
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diff changeset
848 * Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines.
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diff changeset
849 * The Echo Area:: Where messages are displayed.
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850 * Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text.
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851 * Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position.
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parents:
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852 * Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically.
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853 * Waiting:: Forcing display update and waiting for user.
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854 * Blinking:: How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
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855 * Usual Display:: How control characters are displayed.
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parents:
diff changeset
856 * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857 * Window Systems:: Which window system is being used.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 GNU Emacs Internals
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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861 * Building Emacs:: How to preload Lisp libraries into Emacs.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862 * Pure Storage:: A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 * Garbage Collection:: Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 * Object Internals:: Data formats of buffers, windows, processes.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 * Writing Emacs Primitives:: Writing C code for Emacs.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867 Object Internals
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 * Buffer Internals:: Components of a buffer structure.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 * Window Internals:: Components of a window structure.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 * Process Internals:: Components of a process structure.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 @end menu
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parents:
diff changeset
873
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 @include intro.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 @include objects.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
876 @include numbers.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 @include strings.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
878
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 @include lists.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 @include sequences.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881 @include symbols.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 @include eval.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 @include control.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 @include variables.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 @include functions.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 @include macros.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 @include loading.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890 @include compile.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
891 @include debugging.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892 @include streams.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
893
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894 @include minibuf.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
895 @include commands.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 @include keymaps.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 @include modes.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
898
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parents:
diff changeset
899 @include help.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
900 @include files.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
901 @include backups.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
902 @include buffers.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
903
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parents:
diff changeset
904 @include windows.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
905 @include frames.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
906 @include positions.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
907 @include markers.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
908 @include text.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
909
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diff changeset
910 @include searching.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
911 @include syntax.texi
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diff changeset
912 @include abbrevs.texi
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diff changeset
913
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diff changeset
914 @include processes.texi
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diff changeset
915 @include os.texi
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diff changeset
916 @include display.texi
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diff changeset
917 @include calendar.texi
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diff changeset
918
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diff changeset
919 @c MOVE to Emacs Manual: include misc-modes.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
920
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diff changeset
921 @c appendices
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diff changeset
922
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diff changeset
923 @c REMOVE this: include non-hacker.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
924
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diff changeset
925 @include tips.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
926 @include internals.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
927 @include errors.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
928 @include locals.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
929 @include maps.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
930 @include hooks.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
931
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parents:
diff changeset
932 @include index.texi
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parents:
diff changeset
933
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diff changeset
934 @c Print the tables of contents
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parents:
diff changeset
935 @summarycontents
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diff changeset
936 @contents
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diff changeset
937 @c That's all
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parents:
diff changeset
938
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 @bye
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diff changeset
940
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diff changeset
941
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diff changeset
942 These words prevent "local variables" above from confusing Emacs.