annotate doc/lispref/os.texi @ 101062:f3c2e48fc800

* elisp.texi (Top): Update node listing. * display.texi (PostScript Images): Node deleted.
author Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
date Sat, 10 Jan 2009 13:09:20 +0000
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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2001,
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4 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
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6 @setfilename ../../info/os
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7 @node System Interface, Antinews, Display, Top
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8 @chapter Operating System Interface
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9
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10 This chapter is about starting and getting out of Emacs, access to
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11 values in the operating system environment, and terminal input, output,
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12 and flow control.
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13
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14 @xref{Building Emacs}, for related information. See also
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15 @ref{Display}, for additional operating system status information
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16 pertaining to the terminal and the screen.
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17
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18 @menu
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19 * Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs startup processing.
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20 * Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
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21 * System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system.
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22 * User Identification:: Finding the name and user id of the user.
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23 * Time of Day:: Getting the current time.
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24 * Time Conversion:: Converting a time from numeric form to
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25 calendrical data and vice versa.
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26 * Time Parsing:: Converting a time from numeric form to text
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27 and vice versa.
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28 * Processor Run Time:: Getting the run time used by Emacs.
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29 * Time Calculations:: Adding, subtracting, comparing times, etc.
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30 * Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function at a certain time.
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31 * Idle Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function when Emacs has
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32 been idle for a certain length of time.
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33 * Terminal Input:: Accessing and recording terminal input.
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34 * Terminal Output:: Controlling and recording terminal output.
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35 * Sound Output:: Playing sounds on the computer's speaker.
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36 * X11 Keysyms:: Operating on key symbols for X Windows
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37 * Batch Mode:: Running Emacs without terminal interaction.
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38 * Session Management:: Saving and restoring state with X Session Management.
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39 @end menu
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40
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41 @node Starting Up
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42 @section Starting Up Emacs
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43
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44 This section describes what Emacs does when it is started, and how you
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45 can customize these actions.
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46
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47 @menu
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48 * Startup Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at startup.
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49 * Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}).
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50 * Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
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51 * Command-Line Arguments:: How command-line arguments are processed,
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52 and how you can customize them.
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53 @end menu
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54
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55 @node Startup Summary
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56 @subsection Summary: Sequence of Actions at Startup
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57 @cindex initialization of Emacs
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58 @cindex startup of Emacs
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59 @cindex @file{startup.el}
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60
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61 The order of operations performed (in @file{startup.el}) by Emacs when
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62 it is started up is as follows:
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63
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64 @enumerate
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65 @item
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66 It adds subdirectories to @code{load-path}, by running the file named
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67 @file{subdirs.el} in each directory in the list. Normally this file
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68 adds the directory's subdirectories to the list, and these will be
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69 scanned in their turn. The files @file{subdirs.el} are normally
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70 generated automatically by Emacs installation.
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71
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72 @vindex before-init-time
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73 @item
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74 It records in the variable @code{before-init-time} the value of
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75 @code{current-time} (@pxref{Time of Day}). It also sets
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76 @code{after-init-time} to @code{nil}, so as to signal Lisp programs
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77 that Emacs initialization is in progress.
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78
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79 @vindex initial-window-system@r{, and startup}
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80 @vindex window-system-initialization-alist
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81 @item
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82 It loads the initialization library for the window system specified by
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83 the variable @code{initial-window-system} (@pxref{Window Systems,
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84 initial-window-system}). This library's name is
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85 @file{term/@var{windowsystem}-win.el}, where @var{windowsystem} is the
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86 value of @code{initial-window-system}. From that library, it calls
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87 the appropriate initialization function. The initialization function
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88 is specified by @code{window-system-initialization-alist}, for each
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89 supported window system.
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90
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91 @item
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92 It sets the language environment and the terminal coding system,
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93 if requested by environment variables such as @code{LANG}.
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94
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95 @item
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96 It processes the initial options. (Some of them are handled
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97 even earlier than this.)
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98
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99 @item
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100 It runs the normal hook @code{before-init-hook}.
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101
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102 @item
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103 It initializes the window frame and faces, if appropriate, and turns
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104 on the menu bar and tool bar, if the initial frame needs them.
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105
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106 @item
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107 It registers the default colors for text-only terminals.
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108
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109 @item
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110 It loads the library @file{site-start} (if any), unless the option
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111 @samp{-Q} (or @samp{--no-site-file}) was specified. The library's file
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112 name is usually @file{site-start.el}.
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113 @cindex @file{site-start.el}
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114
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115 @item
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116 It loads your init file (usually @file{~/.emacs}), unless the option
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117 @samp{-q} (or @samp{--no-init-file}), @samp{-Q}, or @samp{--batch} was
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118 specified on the command line. The @samp{-u} option can specify
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119 another user whose home directory should be used instead of @file{~}.
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120
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121 @item
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122 It loads the library @file{default} (if any), unless
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123 @code{inhibit-default-init} is non-@code{nil}. (This is not done in
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124 @samp{-batch} mode, or if @samp{-Q} or @samp{-q} was specified on the
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125 command line.) The library's file name is usually @file{default.el}.
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126 @cindex @file{default.el}
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127
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128 @item
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129 It loads your abbrevs from the file specified by
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130 @code{abbrev-file-name} (@pxref{Abbrev Files, abbrev-file-name}), if
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131 that file exists and can be read. (This is not done in @samp{-batch}
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132 mode.)
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133
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134 @vindex after-init-time
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135 @item
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136 It records in the variable @code{after-init-time} the value of
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137 @code{current-time}. This variable was set to @code{nil} at the
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138 beginning of the Emacs session initialization (see above), so setting
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139 it to the current time both signals that the initialization phase is
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140 over, and, together with @code{before-init-time}, provides the
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141 measurement of how long it took.
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142
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143 @item
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144 It runs the normal hook @code{after-init-hook}.
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145
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146 @item
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147 It sets the major mode according to @code{initial-major-mode}, provided
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148 the buffer @samp{*scratch*} is still current and still in Fundamental
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149 mode.
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150
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151 @item
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152 It loads the terminal-specific Lisp library, if any, except when in
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153 batch mode or when the variable @code{initial-window-system} (see
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154 above) specifies a non-@code{nil} window system. The name of this
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155 library is computed from the value of the variable
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156 @code{term-file-prefix}; for the details, see @ref{Terminal-Specific}.
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157
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158 If the value of @code{term-file-prefix} is @code{nil}, this step is skipped.
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159
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160 @item
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161 It displays the initial echo area message, unless you have suppressed
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162 that with @code{inhibit-startup-echo-area-message}.
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163
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164 @item
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165 It processes the action arguments from the command line.
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166
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167 @item
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168 It runs @code{emacs-startup-hook} and then @code{term-setup-hook}.
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169
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170 @item
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171 It calls @code{frame-notice-user-settings}, which modifies the
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172 parameters of the selected frame according to whatever the init files
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173 specify.
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174
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175 @item
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176 It runs @code{window-setup-hook}. @xref{Window Systems}.
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177
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178 @item
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179 It displays copyleft, nonwarranty, and basic use information, provided
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180 the value of @code{inhibit-startup-screen} is @code{nil}, you didn't
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181 specify @samp{--no-splash} or @samp{-Q}.
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182
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183 @item
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184 If the command-line arguments specified @option{--daemon}, @c FIXME: xref
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185 it calls @code{server-start} (@pxref{Emacs Server,,, emacs, The GNU
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186 Emacs Manual}).
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187
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188 @item
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189 If started by the X session manager, it calls
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190 @code{emacs-session-restore} passing it as argument the ID of the
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191 previous session. @c FIXME: add an xref to the Emacs manual!
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192 @end enumerate
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193
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194 @defopt inhibit-startup-screen
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195 This variable inhibits the initial startup messages (the nonwarranty,
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196 etc.). If it is non-@code{nil}, then the messages are not printed.
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197
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198 This variable exists so you can set it in your personal init file, once
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199 you are familiar with the contents of the startup message. Do not set
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200 this variable in the init file of a new user, or in a way that affects
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201 more than one user, because that would prevent new users from receiving
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202 the information they are supposed to see.
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203
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204 @code{inhibit-startup-message} is an alias for this variable, for
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205 back-compatibility.
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206 @end defopt
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207
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208 @defopt inhibit-startup-echo-area-message
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209 This variable controls the display of the startup echo area message.
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210 You can suppress the startup echo area message by adding text with this
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211 form to your init file:
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212
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213 @example
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214 (setq inhibit-startup-echo-area-message
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215 "@var{your-login-name}")
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216 @end example
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217
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218 Emacs explicitly checks for an expression as shown above in your init
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219 file; your login name must appear in the expression as a Lisp string
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220 constant. Other methods of setting
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221 @code{inhibit-startup-echo-area-message} to the same value do not
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222 inhibit the startup message.
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223
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224 This way, you can easily inhibit the message for yourself if you wish,
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225 but thoughtless copying of your init file will not inhibit the message
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226 for someone else.
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227 @end defopt
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228
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229 @node Init File
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230 @subsection The Init File, @file{.emacs}
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231 @cindex init file
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232 @cindex @file{.emacs}
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233
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234 When you start Emacs, it normally attempts to load your @dfn{init
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235 file}, a file in your home directory. Its normal name is
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236 @file{.emacs}, but you can also call it @file{.emacs.el}.
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237 Alternatively, you can use a file named @file{init.el} in a
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238 subdirectory @file{.emacs.d}. Whichever place you use, you can also
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239 compile the file (@pxref{Byte Compilation}); then the actual file
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240 loaded will be @file{.emacs.elc} or @file{init.elc}.
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241
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242 The command-line switches @samp{-q}, @samp{-Q}, and @samp{-u}
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243 control whether and where to find the init file; @samp{-q} (and the
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244 stronger @samp{-Q}) says not to load an init file, while @samp{-u
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245 @var{user}} says to load @var{user}'s init file instead of yours.
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246 @xref{Entering Emacs,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. If neither
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247 option is specified, Emacs uses the @code{LOGNAME} environment
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248 variable, or the @code{USER} (most systems) or @code{USERNAME} (MS
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249 systems) variable, to find your home directory and thus your init
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250 file; this way, even if you have su'd, Emacs still loads your own init
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251 file. If those environment variables are absent, though, Emacs uses
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252 your user-id to find your home directory.
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253
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254 @cindex default init file
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255 A site may have a @dfn{default init file}, which is the library
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256 named @file{default.el}. Emacs finds the @file{default.el} file
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257 through the standard search path for libraries (@pxref{How Programs Do
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258 Loading}). The Emacs distribution does not come with this file; sites
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259 may provide one for local customizations. If the default init file
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260 exists, it is loaded whenever you start Emacs, except in batch mode or
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261 if @samp{-q} (or @samp{-Q}) is specified. But your own personal init
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262 file, if any, is loaded first; if it sets @code{inhibit-default-init}
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263 to a non-@code{nil} value, then Emacs does not subsequently load the
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264 @file{default.el} file.
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265
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266 Another file for site-customization is @file{site-start.el}. Emacs
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267 loads this @emph{before} the user's init file. You can inhibit the
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268 loading of this file with the option @samp{--no-site-file}.
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269
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270 @defvar site-run-file
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271 This variable specifies the site-customization file to load before the
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272 user's init file. Its normal value is @code{"site-start"}. The only
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273 way you can change it with real effect is to do so before dumping
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274 Emacs.
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275 @end defvar
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276
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277 @xref{Init Examples,, Init File Examples, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for
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278 examples of how to make various commonly desired customizations in your
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279 @file{.emacs} file.
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280
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281 @defopt inhibit-default-init
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282 This variable prevents Emacs from loading the default initialization
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283 library file for your session of Emacs. If its value is non-@code{nil},
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284 then the default library is not loaded. The default value is
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285 @code{nil}.
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286 @end defopt
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287
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288 @defvar before-init-hook
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289 This normal hook is run, once, just before loading all the init files
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290 (the user's init file, @file{default.el}, and/or @file{site-start.el}).
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291 (The only way to change it with real effect is before dumping Emacs.)
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292 @end defvar
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293
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294 @defvar after-init-hook
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295 This normal hook is run, once, just after loading all the init files
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296 (the user's init file, @file{default.el}, and/or @file{site-start.el}),
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297 before loading the terminal-specific library and processing the
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298 command-line action arguments.
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299 @end defvar
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300
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301 @defvar emacs-startup-hook
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302 This normal hook is run, once, just after handling the command line
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303 arguments, just before @code{term-setup-hook}.
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304 @end defvar
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305
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306 @defvar user-init-file
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307 This variable holds the absolute file name of the user's init file. If the
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308 actual init file loaded is a compiled file, such as @file{.emacs.elc},
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309 the value refers to the corresponding source file.
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310 @end defvar
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311
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312 @defvar user-emacs-directory
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313 This variable holds the name of the @file{.emacs.d} directory. It is
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314 ordinarily @file{~/.emacs.d}, but differs on some platforms.
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315 @end defvar
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316
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317 @node Terminal-Specific
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318 @subsection Terminal-Specific Initialization
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319 @cindex terminal-specific initialization
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320
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321 Each terminal type can have its own Lisp library that Emacs loads when
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322 run on that type of terminal. The library's name is constructed by
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323 concatenating the value of the variable @code{term-file-prefix} and the
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324 terminal type (specified by the environment variable @code{TERM}).
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325 Normally, @code{term-file-prefix} has the value
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326 @code{"term/"}; changing this is not recommended. Emacs finds the file
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327 in the normal manner, by searching the @code{load-path} directories, and
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328 trying the @samp{.elc} and @samp{.el} suffixes.
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329
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330 @cindex Termcap
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331 The usual function of a terminal-specific library is to enable
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332 special keys to send sequences that Emacs can recognize. It may also
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333 need to set or add to @code{input-decode-map} if the Termcap or
84093
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334 Terminfo entry does not specify all the terminal's function keys.
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335 @xref{Terminal Input}.
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336
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337 When the name of the terminal type contains a hyphen, and no library
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338 is found whose name is identical to the terminal's name, Emacs strips
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339 from the terminal's name the last hyphen and everything that follows
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340 it, and tries again. This process is repeated until Emacs finds a
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341 matching library or until there are no more hyphens in the name (the
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342 latter means the terminal doesn't have any library specific to it).
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343 Thus, for example, if there are no @samp{aaa-48} and @samp{aaa-30}
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344 libraries, Emacs will try the same library @file{term/aaa.el} for
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345 terminal types @samp{aaa-48} and @samp{aaa-30-rv}. If necessary, the
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346 library can evaluate @code{(getenv "TERM")} to find the full name of
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347 the terminal type.@refill
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348
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349 Your init file can prevent the loading of the
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350 terminal-specific library by setting the variable
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351 @code{term-file-prefix} to @code{nil}. This feature is useful when
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352 experimenting with your own peculiar customizations.
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353
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354 You can also arrange to override some of the actions of the
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355 terminal-specific library by setting the variable
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356 @code{term-setup-hook}. This is a normal hook which Emacs runs using
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357 @code{run-hooks} at the end of Emacs initialization, after loading both
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358 your init file and any terminal-specific libraries. You can
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359 use this variable to define initializations for terminals that do not
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360 have their own libraries. @xref{Hooks}.
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361
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362 @defvar term-file-prefix
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363 @cindex @code{TERM} environment variable
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364 If the @code{term-file-prefix} variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs loads
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365 a terminal-specific initialization file as follows:
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366
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367 @example
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368 (load (concat term-file-prefix (getenv "TERM")))
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369 @end example
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370
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371 @noindent
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372 You may set the @code{term-file-prefix} variable to @code{nil} in your
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373 init file if you do not wish to load the
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374 terminal-initialization file. To do this, put the following in
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375 your init file: @code{(setq term-file-prefix nil)}.
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376
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377 On MS-DOS, if the environment variable @code{TERM} is not set, Emacs
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378 uses @samp{internal} as the terminal type.
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379 @end defvar
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380
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381 @defvar term-setup-hook
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382 This variable is a normal hook that Emacs runs after loading your
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383 init file, the default initialization file (if any) and the
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384 terminal-specific Lisp file.
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385
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386 You can use @code{term-setup-hook} to override the definitions made by a
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387 terminal-specific file.
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388 @end defvar
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389
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390 See @code{window-setup-hook} in @ref{Window Systems}, for a related
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391 feature.
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392
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393 @node Command-Line Arguments
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394 @subsection Command-Line Arguments
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395 @cindex command-line arguments
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396
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397 You can use command-line arguments to request various actions when you
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398 start Emacs. Since you do not need to start Emacs more than once per
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399 day, and will often leave your Emacs session running longer than that,
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400 command-line arguments are hardly ever used. As a practical matter, it
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401 is best to avoid making the habit of using them, since this habit would
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402 encourage you to kill and restart Emacs unnecessarily often. These
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403 options exist for two reasons: to be compatible with other editors (for
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404 invocation by other programs) and to enable shell scripts to run
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405 specific Lisp programs.
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406
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407 This section describes how Emacs processes command-line arguments,
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408 and how you can customize them.
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409
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410 @ignore
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411 (Note that some other editors require you to start afresh each time
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412 you want to edit a file. With this kind of editor, you will probably
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413 specify the file as a command-line argument. The recommended way to
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414 use GNU Emacs is to start it only once, just after you log in, and do
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415 all your editing in the same Emacs process. Each time you want to edit
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416 a different file, you visit it with the existing Emacs, which eventually
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417 comes to have many files in it ready for editing. Usually you do not
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418 kill the Emacs until you are about to log out.)
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419 @end ignore
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420
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421 @defun command-line
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422 This function parses the command line that Emacs was called with,
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423 processes it, loads the user's init file and displays the
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424 startup messages.
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425 @end defun
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426
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427 @defvar command-line-processed
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428 The value of this variable is @code{t} once the command line has been
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429 processed.
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430
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431 If you redump Emacs by calling @code{dump-emacs}, you may wish to set
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432 this variable to @code{nil} first in order to cause the new dumped Emacs
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433 to process its new command-line arguments.
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434 @end defvar
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435
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436 @defvar command-switch-alist
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437 @cindex switches on command line
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438 @cindex options on command line
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439 @cindex command-line options
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440 The value of this variable is an alist of user-defined command-line
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441 options and associated handler functions. This variable exists so you
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442 can add elements to it.
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443
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444 A @dfn{command-line option} is an argument on the command line, which
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diff changeset
445 has the form:
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446
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447 @example
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diff changeset
448 -@var{option}
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449 @end example
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450
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parents:
diff changeset
451 The elements of the @code{command-switch-alist} look like this:
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diff changeset
452
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diff changeset
453 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
454 (@var{option} . @var{handler-function})
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455 @end example
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diff changeset
456
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parents:
diff changeset
457 The @sc{car}, @var{option}, is a string, the name of a command-line
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diff changeset
458 option (not including the initial hyphen). The @var{handler-function}
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parents:
diff changeset
459 is called to handle @var{option}, and receives the option name as its
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diff changeset
460 sole argument.
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diff changeset
461
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diff changeset
462 In some cases, the option is followed in the command line by an
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diff changeset
463 argument. In these cases, the @var{handler-function} can find all the
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diff changeset
464 remaining command-line arguments in the variable
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diff changeset
465 @code{command-line-args-left}. (The entire list of command-line
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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466 arguments is in @code{command-line-args}.)
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467
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diff changeset
468 The command-line arguments are parsed by the @code{command-line-1}
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diff changeset
469 function in the @file{startup.el} file. See also @ref{Emacs
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diff changeset
470 Invocation, , Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation, emacs, The
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diff changeset
471 GNU Emacs Manual}.
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472 @end defvar
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473
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474 @defvar command-line-args
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diff changeset
475 The value of this variable is the list of command-line arguments passed
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476 to Emacs.
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477 @end defvar
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diff changeset
478
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479 @defvar command-line-functions
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480 This variable's value is a list of functions for handling an
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481 unrecognized command-line argument. Each time the next argument to be
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diff changeset
482 processed has no special meaning, the functions in this list are called,
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diff changeset
483 in order of appearance, until one of them returns a non-@code{nil}
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484 value.
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diff changeset
485
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486 These functions are called with no arguments. They can access the
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487 command-line argument under consideration through the variable
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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488 @code{argi}, which is bound temporarily at this point. The remaining
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parents:
diff changeset
489 arguments (not including the current one) are in the variable
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490 @code{command-line-args-left}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
491
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492 When a function recognizes and processes the argument in @code{argi}, it
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
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493 should return a non-@code{nil} value to say it has dealt with that
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494 argument. If it has also dealt with some of the following arguments, it
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diff changeset
495 can indicate that by deleting them from @code{command-line-args-left}.
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496
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parents:
diff changeset
497 If all of these functions return @code{nil}, then the argument is used
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diff changeset
498 as a file name to visit.
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parents:
diff changeset
499 @end defvar
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diff changeset
500
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501 @node Getting Out
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parents:
diff changeset
502 @section Getting Out of Emacs
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503 @cindex exiting Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
504
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diff changeset
505 There are two ways to get out of Emacs: you can kill the Emacs job,
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506 which exits permanently, or you can suspend it, which permits you to
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diff changeset
507 reenter the Emacs process later. As a practical matter, you seldom kill
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diff changeset
508 Emacs---only when you are about to log out. Suspending is much more
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diff changeset
509 common.
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diff changeset
510
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diff changeset
511 @menu
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parents:
diff changeset
512 * Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly.
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parents:
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513 * Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly.
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diff changeset
514 @end menu
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515
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diff changeset
516 @node Killing Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
517 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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diff changeset
518 @subsection Killing Emacs
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519 @cindex killing Emacs
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520
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521 Killing Emacs means ending the execution of the Emacs process. The
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diff changeset
522 parent process normally resumes control. The low-level primitive for
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parents:
diff changeset
523 killing Emacs is @code{kill-emacs}.
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parents:
diff changeset
524
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diff changeset
525 @defun kill-emacs &optional exit-data
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diff changeset
526 This function exits the Emacs process and kills it.
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parents:
diff changeset
527
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528 If @var{exit-data} is an integer, then it is used as the exit status
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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529 of the Emacs process. (This is useful primarily in batch operation; see
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diff changeset
530 @ref{Batch Mode}.)
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parents:
diff changeset
531
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diff changeset
532 If @var{exit-data} is a string, its contents are stuffed into the
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
533 terminal input buffer so that the shell (or whatever program next reads
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diff changeset
534 input) can read them.
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parents:
diff changeset
535 @end defun
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diff changeset
536
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parents:
diff changeset
537 All the information in the Emacs process, aside from files that have
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
538 been saved, is lost when the Emacs process is killed. Because killing
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
539 Emacs inadvertently can lose a lot of work, Emacs queries for
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
540 confirmation before actually terminating if you have buffers that need
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
541 saving or subprocesses that are running. This is done in the function
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
542 @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}, the higher level function from which
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
543 @code{kill-emacs} is usually called.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
544
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parents:
diff changeset
545 @defvar kill-emacs-query-functions
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parents:
diff changeset
546 After asking the standard questions, @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547 calls the functions in the list @code{kill-emacs-query-functions}, in
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
548 order of appearance, with no arguments. These functions can ask for
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549 additional confirmation from the user. If any of them returns
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
550 @code{nil}, @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs} does not kill Emacs, and
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parents:
diff changeset
551 does not run the remaining functions in this hook. Calling
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parents:
diff changeset
552 @code{kill-emacs} directly does not run this hook.
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parents:
diff changeset
553 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
554
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parents:
diff changeset
555 @defvar kill-emacs-hook
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parents:
diff changeset
556 This variable is a normal hook; once @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs} is
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parents:
diff changeset
557 finished with all file saving and confirmation, it calls
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parents:
diff changeset
558 @code{kill-emacs} which runs the functions in this hook.
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parents:
diff changeset
559 @code{kill-emacs} does not run this hook in batch mode.
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parents:
diff changeset
560
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parents:
diff changeset
561 @code{kill-emacs} may be invoked directly (that is not via
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parents:
diff changeset
562 @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}) if the terminal is disconnected, or in
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
563 similar situations where interaction with the user is not possible.
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parents:
diff changeset
564 Thus, if your hook needs to interact with the user, put it on
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
565 @code{kill-emacs-query-functions}; if it needs to run regardless of
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566 how Emacs is killed, put it on @code{kill-emacs-hook}.
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parents:
diff changeset
567 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
568
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parents:
diff changeset
569 @node Suspending Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
570 @subsection Suspending Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
571 @cindex suspending Emacs
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
572
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parents:
diff changeset
573 @dfn{Suspending Emacs} means stopping Emacs temporarily and returning
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
574 control to its superior process, which is usually the shell. This
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
575 allows you to resume editing later in the same Emacs process, with the
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
576 same buffers, the same kill ring, the same undo history, and so on. To
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
577 resume Emacs, use the appropriate command in the parent shell---most
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
578 likely @code{fg}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
579
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parents:
diff changeset
580 Some operating systems do not support suspension of jobs; on these
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
581 systems, ``suspension'' actually creates a new shell temporarily as a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
582 subprocess of Emacs. Then you would exit the shell to return to Emacs.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
583
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
584 Suspension is not useful with window systems, because the Emacs job
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
585 may not have a parent that can resume it again, and in any case you can
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
586 give input to some other job such as a shell merely by moving to a
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
587 different window. Therefore, suspending is not allowed when Emacs is using
97043
9592c50233ab Remove support for Mac Carbon.
Dan Nicolaescu <dann@ics.uci.edu>
parents: 96303
diff changeset
588 a window system (X, MS Windows).
84093
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
589
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
590 @defun suspend-emacs &optional string
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
591 This function stops Emacs and returns control to the superior process.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
592 If and when the superior process resumes Emacs, @code{suspend-emacs}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
593 returns @code{nil} to its caller in Lisp.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
594
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
595 If @var{string} is non-@code{nil}, its characters are sent to be read
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
596 as terminal input by Emacs's superior shell. The characters in
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
597 @var{string} are not echoed by the superior shell; only the results
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
598 appear.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
599
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parents:
diff changeset
600 Before suspending, @code{suspend-emacs} runs the normal hook
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parents:
diff changeset
601 @code{suspend-hook}.
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parents:
diff changeset
602
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parents:
diff changeset
603 After the user resumes Emacs, @code{suspend-emacs} runs the normal hook
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parents:
diff changeset
604 @code{suspend-resume-hook}. @xref{Hooks}.
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parents:
diff changeset
605
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parents:
diff changeset
606 The next redisplay after resumption will redraw the entire screen,
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parents:
diff changeset
607 unless the variable @code{no-redraw-on-reenter} is non-@code{nil}
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parents:
diff changeset
608 (@pxref{Refresh Screen}).
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
609
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parents:
diff changeset
610 In the following example, note that @samp{pwd} is not echoed after
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parents:
diff changeset
611 Emacs is suspended. But it is read and executed by the shell.
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parents:
diff changeset
612
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parents:
diff changeset
613 @smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
614 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
615 (suspend-emacs)
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parents:
diff changeset
616 @result{} nil
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diff changeset
617 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
618
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parents:
diff changeset
619 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
620 (add-hook 'suspend-hook
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parents:
diff changeset
621 (function (lambda ()
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parents:
diff changeset
622 (or (y-or-n-p
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parents:
diff changeset
623 "Really suspend? ")
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parents:
diff changeset
624 (error "Suspend canceled")))))
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parents:
diff changeset
625 @result{} (lambda nil
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diff changeset
626 (or (y-or-n-p "Really suspend? ")
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parents:
diff changeset
627 (error "Suspend canceled")))
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parents:
diff changeset
628 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
629 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
630 (add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook
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diff changeset
631 (function (lambda () (message "Resumed!"))))
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diff changeset
632 @result{} (lambda nil (message "Resumed!"))
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diff changeset
633 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
634 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
635 (suspend-emacs "pwd")
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diff changeset
636 @result{} nil
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diff changeset
637 @end group
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diff changeset
638 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
639 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
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parents:
diff changeset
640 Really suspend? @kbd{y}
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parents:
diff changeset
641 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
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parents:
diff changeset
642 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
643
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parents:
diff changeset
644 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
645 ---------- Parent Shell ----------
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parents:
diff changeset
646 lewis@@slug[23] % /user/lewis/manual
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parents:
diff changeset
647 lewis@@slug[24] % fg
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parents:
diff changeset
648 @end group
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diff changeset
649
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parents:
diff changeset
650 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
651 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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parents:
diff changeset
652 Resumed!
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parents:
diff changeset
653 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
654 @end smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
655 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
656
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parents:
diff changeset
657 @defvar suspend-hook
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parents:
diff changeset
658 This variable is a normal hook that Emacs runs before suspending.
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parents:
diff changeset
659 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
660
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parents:
diff changeset
661 @defvar suspend-resume-hook
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parents:
diff changeset
662 This variable is a normal hook that Emacs runs on resuming
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663 after a suspension.
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parents:
diff changeset
664 @end defvar
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665
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parents:
diff changeset
666 @node System Environment
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parents:
diff changeset
667 @section Operating System Environment
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parents:
diff changeset
668 @cindex operating system environment
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669
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parents:
diff changeset
670 Emacs provides access to variables in the operating system environment
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
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diff changeset
671 through various functions. These variables include the name of the
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parents:
diff changeset
672 system, the user's @acronym{UID}, and so on.
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parents:
diff changeset
673
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 @defvar system-configuration
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parents:
diff changeset
675 This variable holds the standard GNU configuration name for the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 hardware/software configuration of your system, as a string. The
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
677 convenient way to test parts of this string is with
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parents:
diff changeset
678 @code{string-match}.
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parents:
diff changeset
679 @end defvar
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 @cindex system type and name
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parents:
diff changeset
682 @defvar system-type
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 The value of this variable is a symbol indicating the type of operating
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
684 system Emacs is operating on. Here is a table of the possible values:
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685
97144
3e9c34bd95b3 * os.texi: Fix previous change.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 97142
diff changeset
686 @table @code
84093
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parents:
diff changeset
687 @item aix-v3
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parents:
diff changeset
688 AIX.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690 @item berkeley-unix
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 Berkeley BSD.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692
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parents:
diff changeset
693 @item cygwin
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parents:
diff changeset
694 Cygwin.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695
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parents:
diff changeset
696 @item gnu
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parents:
diff changeset
697 the GNU system (using the GNU kernel, which consists of the HURD and Mach).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 @item gnu/linux
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
700 A GNU/Linux system---that is, a variant GNU system, using the Linux
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
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parents:
diff changeset
701 kernel. (These systems are the ones people often call ``Linux,'' but
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 actually Linux is just the kernel, not the whole system.)
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 @item hpux
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 Hewlett-Packard HPUX operating system.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 @item irix
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parents:
diff changeset
708 Silicon Graphics Irix system.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709
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parents:
diff changeset
710 @item ms-dos
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parents:
diff changeset
711 Microsoft MS-DOS ``operating system.'' Emacs compiled with DJGPP for
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parents:
diff changeset
712 MS-DOS binds @code{system-type} to @code{ms-dos} even when you run it on
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 MS-Windows.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714
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parents:
diff changeset
715 @item usg-unix-v
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parents:
diff changeset
716 AT&T System V.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717
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parents:
diff changeset
718 @item windows-nt
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parents:
diff changeset
719 Microsoft windows NT. The same executable supports Windows 9X, but the
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 value of @code{system-type} is @code{windows-nt} in either case.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721
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parents:
diff changeset
722 @end table
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723
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parents:
diff changeset
724 We do not wish to add new symbols to make finer distinctions unless it
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725 is absolutely necessary! In fact, we hope to eliminate some of these
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 alternatives in the future. We recommend using
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 @code{system-configuration} to distinguish between different operating
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 systems.
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parents:
diff changeset
729 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
730
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parents:
diff changeset
731 @defun system-name
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 This function returns the name of the machine you are running on.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 @example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 (system-name)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 @result{} "www.gnu.org"
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
737 @end defun
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 The symbol @code{system-name} is a variable as well as a function. In
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 fact, the function returns whatever value the variable
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 @code{system-name} currently holds. Thus, you can set the variable
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 @code{system-name} in case Emacs is confused about the name of your
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 system. The variable is also useful for constructing frame titles
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744 (@pxref{Frame Titles}).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 @defvar mail-host-address
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it is used instead of
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 @code{system-name} for purposes of generating email addresses. For
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 example, it is used when constructing the default value of
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750 @code{user-mail-address}. @xref{User Identification}. (Since this is
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 done when Emacs starts up, the value actually used is the one saved when
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 Emacs was dumped. @xref{Building Emacs}.)
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 @end defvar
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 @deffn Command getenv var
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 @cindex environment variable access
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 This function returns the value of the environment variable @var{var},
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 as a string. @var{var} should be a string. If @var{var} is undefined
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 in the environment, @code{getenv} returns @code{nil}. If returns
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 @samp{""} if @var{var} is set but null. Within Emacs, the environment
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 variable values are kept in the Lisp variable @code{process-environment}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 @example
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 (getenv "USER")
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 @result{} "lewis"
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 lewis@@slug[10] % printenv
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 PATH=.:/user/lewis/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 USER=lewis
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 TERM=ibmapa16
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 SHELL=/bin/csh
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 HOME=/user/lewis
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 @end example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 @end deffn
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 @c Emacs 19 feature
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 @deffn Command setenv variable &optional value
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 This command sets the value of the environment variable named
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 @var{variable} to @var{value}. @var{variable} should be a string.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 Internally, Emacs Lisp can handle any string. However, normally
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 @var{variable} should be a valid shell identifier, that is, a sequence
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 of letters, digits and underscores, starting with a letter or
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 underscore. Otherwise, errors may occur if subprocesses of Emacs try
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 to access the value of @var{variable}. If @var{value} is omitted or
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 @code{nil}, @code{setenv} removes @var{variable} from the environment.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 Otherwise, @var{value} should be a string.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 @code{setenv} works by modifying @code{process-environment}; binding
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 that variable with @code{let} is also reasonable practice.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 @code{setenv} returns the new value of @var{variable}, or @code{nil}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 if it removed @var{variable} from the environment.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 @end deffn
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 @defvar process-environment
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 This variable is a list of strings, each describing one environment
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 variable. The functions @code{getenv} and @code{setenv} work by means
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 of this variable.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 @smallexample
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 process-environment
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 @result{} ("l=/usr/stanford/lib/gnuemacs/lisp"
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 "PATH=.:/user/lewis/bin:/usr/class:/nfsusr/local/bin"
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 "USER=lewis"
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 "TERM=ibmapa16"
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 "SHELL=/bin/csh"
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816 "HOME=/user/lewis")
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 @end smallexample
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 If @code{process-environment} contains ``duplicate'' elements that
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821 specify the same environment variable, the first of these elements
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 specifies the variable, and the other ``duplicates'' are ignored.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 @end defvar
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 @defvar path-separator
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 This variable holds a string which says which character separates
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 directories in a search path (as found in an environment variable). Its
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 value is @code{":"} for Unix and GNU systems, and @code{";"} for MS-DOS
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 and MS-Windows.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830 @end defvar
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 @defun parse-colon-path path
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 This function takes a search path string such as would be the value of
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 the @code{PATH} environment variable, and splits it at the separators,
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 returning a list of directory names. @code{nil} in this list stands for
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 ``use the current directory.'' Although the function's name says
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 ``colon,'' it actually uses the value of @code{path-separator}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 @example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 (parse-colon-path ":/foo:/bar")
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 @result{} (nil "/foo/" "/bar/")
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 @end example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 @end defun
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845 @defvar invocation-name
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846 This variable holds the program name under which Emacs was invoked. The
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847 value is a string, and does not include a directory name.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 @end defvar
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 @defvar invocation-directory
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 This variable holds the directory from which the Emacs executable was
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852 invoked, or perhaps @code{nil} if that directory cannot be determined.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 @end defvar
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855 @defvar installation-directory
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
856 If non-@code{nil}, this is a directory within which to look for the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857 @file{lib-src} and @file{etc} subdirectories. This is non-@code{nil}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858 when Emacs can't find those directories in their standard installed
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 locations, but can find them in a directory related somehow to the one
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860 containing the Emacs executable.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 @end defvar
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 @defun load-average &optional use-float
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 This function returns the current 1-minute, 5-minute, and 15-minute load
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 averages, in a list.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867 By default, the values are integers that are 100 times the system load
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868 averages, which indicate the average number of processes trying to run.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 If @var{use-float} is non-@code{nil}, then they are returned
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 as floating point numbers and without multiplying by 100.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 If it is impossible to obtain the load average, this function signals
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873 an error. On some platforms, access to load averages requires
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 installing Emacs as setuid or setgid so that it can read kernel
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 information, and that usually isn't advisable.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 If the 1-minute load average is available, but the 5- or 15-minute
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 averages are not, this function returns a shortened list containing
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 the available averages.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881 @example
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 (load-average)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 @result{} (169 48 36)
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 (load-average t)
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888 @result{} (1.69 0.48 0.36)
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891 @group
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892 lewis@@rocky[5] % uptime
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 11:55am up 1 day, 19:37, 3 users,
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894 load average: 1.69, 0.48, 0.36
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895 @end group
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 @end example
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 @defun emacs-pid
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 This function returns the process @acronym{ID} of the Emacs process,
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 as an integer.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 @defvar tty-erase-char
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 This variable holds the erase character that was selected
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 in the system's terminal driver, before Emacs was started.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 The value is @code{nil} if Emacs is running under a window system.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 @end defvar
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 @node User Identification
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 @section User Identification
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 @cindex user identification
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 @defvar init-file-user
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 This variable says which user's init files should be used by
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 Emacs---or @code{nil} if none. @code{""} stands for the user who
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917 originally logged in. The value reflects command-line options such as
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 @samp{-q} or @samp{-u @var{user}}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 Lisp packages that load files of customizations, or any other sort of
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 user profile, should obey this variable in deciding where to find it.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 They should load the profile of the user name found in this variable.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 If @code{init-file-user} is @code{nil}, meaning that the @samp{-q}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 option was used, then Lisp packages should not load any customization
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 files or user profile.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 @end defvar
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 @defvar user-mail-address
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 This holds the nominal email address of the user who is using Emacs.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 Emacs normally sets this variable to a default value after reading your
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 init files, but not if you have already set it. So you can set the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 variable to some other value in your init file if you do not
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933 want to use the default value.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 @end defvar
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 @defun user-login-name &optional uid
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 If you don't specify @var{uid}, this function returns the name under
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 which the user is logged in. If the environment variable @code{LOGNAME}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 is set, that value is used. Otherwise, if the environment variable
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940 @code{USER} is set, that value is used. Otherwise, the value is based
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 on the effective @acronym{UID}, not the real @acronym{UID}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 If you specify @var{uid}, the value is the user name that corresponds
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 to @var{uid} (which should be an integer), or @code{nil} if there is
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 no such user.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 @example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 (user-login-name)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950 @result{} "lewis"
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 @end example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 @end defun
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 @defun user-real-login-name
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956 This function returns the user name corresponding to Emacs's real
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 @acronym{UID}. This ignores the effective @acronym{UID} and ignores the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958 environment variables @code{LOGNAME} and @code{USER}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 @end defun
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961 @defun user-full-name &optional uid
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 This function returns the full name of the logged-in user---or the value
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 of the environment variable @code{NAME}, if that is set.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965 @c "Bil" is the correct spelling.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966 @example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 (user-full-name)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 @result{} "Bil Lewis"
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971 @end example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 If the Emacs job's user-id does not correspond to any known user (and
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 provided @code{NAME} is not set), the value is @code{"unknown"}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 If @var{uid} is non-@code{nil}, then it should be a number (a user-id)
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977 or a string (a login name). Then @code{user-full-name} returns the full
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 name corresponding to that user-id or login name. If you specify a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 user-id or login name that isn't defined, it returns @code{nil}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 @vindex user-full-name
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 @vindex user-real-login-name
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984 @vindex user-login-name
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985 The symbols @code{user-login-name}, @code{user-real-login-name} and
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986 @code{user-full-name} are variables as well as functions. The functions
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987 return the same values that the variables hold. These variables allow
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 you to ``fake out'' Emacs by telling the functions what to return. The
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
989 variables are also useful for constructing frame titles (@pxref{Frame
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
990 Titles}).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992 @defun user-real-uid
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993 This function returns the real @acronym{UID} of the user.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994 The value may be a floating point number.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996 @example
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998 (user-real-uid)
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999 @result{} 19
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1000 @end group
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1001 @end example
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004 @defun user-uid
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1005 This function returns the effective @acronym{UID} of the user.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1006 The value may be a floating point number.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1009 @node Time of Day
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1010 @section Time of Day
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1011
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012 This section explains how to determine the current time and the time
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1013 zone.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1014
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1015 @defun current-time-string &optional time-value
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1016 This function returns the current time and date as a human-readable
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1017 string. The format of the string is unvarying; the number of characters
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1018 used for each part is always the same, so you can reliably use
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1019 @code{substring} to extract pieces of it. It is wise to count the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1020 characters from the beginning of the string rather than from the end, as
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1021 additional information may some day be added at the end.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1022
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1023 @c Emacs 19 feature
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024 The argument @var{time-value}, if given, specifies a time to format
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025 instead of the current time. The argument should be a list whose first
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1026 two elements are integers. Thus, you can use times obtained from
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1027 @code{current-time} (see below) and from @code{file-attributes}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1028 (@pxref{Definition of file-attributes}). @var{time-value} can also be
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1029 a cons of two integers, but this is considered obsolete.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1030
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1031 @example
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1032 @group
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1033 (current-time-string)
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1034 @result{} "Wed Oct 14 22:21:05 1987"
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1035 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1036 @end example
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 @c Emacs 19 feature
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040 @defun current-time
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041 This function returns the system's time value as a list of three
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1042 integers: @code{(@var{high} @var{low} @var{microsec})}. The integers
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 @var{high} and @var{low} combine to give the number of seconds since
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 0:00 January 1, 1970 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), which is
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045 @ifnottex
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1046 @var{high} * 2**16 + @var{low}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047 @end ifnottex
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048 @tex
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049 $high*2^{16}+low$.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050 @end tex
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052 The third element, @var{microsec}, gives the microseconds since the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1053 start of the current second (or 0 for systems that return time with
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1054 the resolution of only one second).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1056 The first two elements can be compared with file time values such as you
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1057 get with the function @code{file-attributes}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1058 @xref{Definition of file-attributes}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1059 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1060
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1061 @c Emacs 19 feature
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1062 @defun current-time-zone &optional time-value
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1063 This function returns a list describing the time zone that the user is
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1064 in.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1065
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1066 The value has the form @code{(@var{offset} @var{name})}. Here
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 @var{offset} is an integer giving the number of seconds ahead of UTC
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068 (east of Greenwich). A negative value means west of Greenwich. The
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069 second element, @var{name}, is a string giving the name of the time
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1070 zone. Both elements change when daylight saving time begins or ends;
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1071 if the user has specified a time zone that does not use a seasonal time
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072 adjustment, then the value is constant through time.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 If the operating system doesn't supply all the information necessary to
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1075 compute the value, the unknown elements of the list are @code{nil}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 The argument @var{time-value}, if given, specifies a time to analyze
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1078 instead of the current time. The argument should have the same form
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079 as for @code{current-time-string} (see above). Thus, you can use
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1080 times obtained from @code{current-time} (see above) and from
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1081 @code{file-attributes}. @xref{Definition of file-attributes}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1082 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084 @defun set-time-zone-rule tz
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 This function specifies the local time zone according to @var{tz}. If
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 @var{tz} is @code{nil}, that means to use an implementation-defined
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 default time zone. If @var{tz} is @code{t}, that means to use
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088 Universal Time. Otherwise, @var{tz} should be a string specifying a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 time zone rule.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090 @end defun
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1092 @defun float-time &optional time-value
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1093 This function returns the current time as a floating-point number of
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1094 seconds since the epoch. The argument @var{time-value}, if given,
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1095 specifies a time to convert instead of the current time. The argument
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 should have the same form as for @code{current-time-string} (see
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1097 above). Thus, it accepts the output of @code{current-time} and
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1098 @code{file-attributes}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100 @emph{Warning}: Since the result is floating point, it may not be
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1101 exact. Do not use this function if precise time stamps are required.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102 @end defun
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1103
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1104 @node Time Conversion
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1105 @section Time Conversion
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107 These functions convert time values (lists of two or three integers)
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108 to calendrical information and vice versa. You can get time values
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 from the functions @code{current-time} (@pxref{Time of Day}) and
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1110 @code{file-attributes} (@pxref{Definition of file-attributes}).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1111
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1112 Many operating systems are limited to time values that contain 32 bits
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1113 of information; these systems typically handle only the times from
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1114 1901-12-13 20:45:52 UTC through 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC. However, some
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1115 operating systems have larger time values, and can represent times far
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1116 in the past or future.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1117
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118 Time conversion functions always use the Gregorian calendar, even
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 for dates before the Gregorian calendar was introduced. Year numbers
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120 count the number of years since the year 1 B.C., and do not skip zero
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121 as traditional Gregorian years do; for example, the year number
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1122 @minus{}37 represents the Gregorian year 38 B.C@.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1123
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1124 @defun decode-time &optional time
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1125 This function converts a time value into calendrical information. If
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1126 you don't specify @var{time}, it decodes the current time. The return
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1127 value is a list of nine elements, as follows:
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129 @example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130 (@var{seconds} @var{minutes} @var{hour} @var{day} @var{month} @var{year} @var{dow} @var{dst} @var{zone})
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131 @end example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1132
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1133 Here is what the elements mean:
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1134
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1135 @table @var
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136 @item seconds
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137 The number of seconds past the minute, as an integer between 0 and 59.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1138 On some operating systems, this is 60 for leap seconds.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1139 @item minutes
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1140 The number of minutes past the hour, as an integer between 0 and 59.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1141 @item hour
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1142 The hour of the day, as an integer between 0 and 23.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1143 @item day
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1144 The day of the month, as an integer between 1 and 31.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1145 @item month
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1146 The month of the year, as an integer between 1 and 12.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147 @item year
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 The year, an integer typically greater than 1900.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1149 @item dow
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1150 The day of week, as an integer between 0 and 6, where 0 stands for
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1151 Sunday.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1152 @item dst
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 @code{t} if daylight saving time is effect, otherwise @code{nil}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154 @item zone
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1155 An integer indicating the time zone, as the number of seconds east of
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156 Greenwich.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 @end table
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1159 @strong{Common Lisp Note:} Common Lisp has different meanings for
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160 @var{dow} and @var{zone}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1161 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1162
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1163 @defun encode-time seconds minutes hour day month year &optional zone
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1164 This function is the inverse of @code{decode-time}. It converts seven
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165 items of calendrical data into a time value. For the meanings of the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166 arguments, see the table above under @code{decode-time}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 Year numbers less than 100 are not treated specially. If you want them
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1169 to stand for years above 1900, or years above 2000, you must alter them
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 yourself before you call @code{encode-time}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172 The optional argument @var{zone} defaults to the current time zone and
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173 its daylight saving time rules. If specified, it can be either a list
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174 (as you would get from @code{current-time-zone}), a string as in the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1175 @code{TZ} environment variable, @code{t} for Universal Time, or an
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1176 integer (as you would get from @code{decode-time}). The specified
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177 zone is used without any further alteration for daylight saving time.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1178
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1179 If you pass more than seven arguments to @code{encode-time}, the first
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1180 six are used as @var{seconds} through @var{year}, the last argument is
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1181 used as @var{zone}, and the arguments in between are ignored. This
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1182 feature makes it possible to use the elements of a list returned by
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1183 @code{decode-time} as the arguments to @code{encode-time}, like this:
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1184
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1185 @example
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1186 (apply 'encode-time (decode-time @dots{}))
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1187 @end example
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1188
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1189 You can perform simple date arithmetic by using out-of-range values for
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1190 the @var{seconds}, @var{minutes}, @var{hour}, @var{day}, and @var{month}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1191 arguments; for example, day 0 means the day preceding the given month.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1192
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1193 The operating system puts limits on the range of possible time values;
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1194 if you try to encode a time that is out of range, an error results.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1195 For instance, years before 1970 do not work on some systems;
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1196 on others, years as early as 1901 do work.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1197 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1198
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1199 @node Time Parsing
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1200 @section Parsing and Formatting Times
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1201
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1202 These functions convert time values (lists of two or three integers)
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1203 to text in a string, and vice versa.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1204
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1205 @defun date-to-time string
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1206 This function parses the time-string @var{string} and returns the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1207 corresponding time value.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1208 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1209
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1210 @defun format-time-string format-string &optional time universal
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1211 This function converts @var{time} (or the current time, if @var{time} is
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1212 omitted) to a string according to @var{format-string}. The argument
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1213 @var{format-string} may contain @samp{%}-sequences which say to
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1214 substitute parts of the time. Here is a table of what the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1215 @samp{%}-sequences mean:
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1216
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1217 @table @samp
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1218 @item %a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1219 This stands for the abbreviated name of the day of week.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1220 @item %A
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1221 This stands for the full name of the day of week.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1222 @item %b
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1223 This stands for the abbreviated name of the month.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1224 @item %B
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1225 This stands for the full name of the month.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1226 @item %c
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1227 This is a synonym for @samp{%x %X}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1228 @item %C
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1229 This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named C), it
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1230 is equivalent to @samp{%A, %B %e, %Y}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1231 @item %d
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1232 This stands for the day of month, zero-padded.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1233 @item %D
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1234 This is a synonym for @samp{%m/%d/%y}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235 @item %e
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1236 This stands for the day of month, blank-padded.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1237 @item %h
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1238 This is a synonym for @samp{%b}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1239 @item %H
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1240 This stands for the hour (00-23).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1241 @item %I
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1242 This stands for the hour (01-12).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1243 @item %j
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1244 This stands for the day of the year (001-366).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1245 @item %k
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1246 This stands for the hour (0-23), blank padded.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1247 @item %l
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1248 This stands for the hour (1-12), blank padded.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1249 @item %m
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1250 This stands for the month (01-12).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1251 @item %M
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1252 This stands for the minute (00-59).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1253 @item %n
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1254 This stands for a newline.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1255 @item %p
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1256 This stands for @samp{AM} or @samp{PM}, as appropriate.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1257 @item %r
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1258 This is a synonym for @samp{%I:%M:%S %p}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1259 @item %R
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1260 This is a synonym for @samp{%H:%M}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1261 @item %S
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1262 This stands for the seconds (00-59).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1263 @item %t
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1264 This stands for a tab character.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1265 @item %T
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1266 This is a synonym for @samp{%H:%M:%S}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1267 @item %U
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1268 This stands for the week of the year (01-52), assuming that weeks
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1269 start on Sunday.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1270 @item %w
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1271 This stands for the numeric day of week (0-6). Sunday is day 0.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1272 @item %W
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1273 This stands for the week of the year (01-52), assuming that weeks
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1274 start on Monday.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1275 @item %x
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1276 This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1277 @samp{C}), it is equivalent to @samp{%D}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1278 @item %X
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1279 This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1280 @samp{C}), it is equivalent to @samp{%T}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1281 @item %y
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1282 This stands for the year without century (00-99).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1283 @item %Y
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1284 This stands for the year with century.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1285 @item %Z
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1286 This stands for the time zone abbreviation (e.g., @samp{EST}).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1287 @item %z
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1288 This stands for the time zone numerical offset (e.g., @samp{-0500}).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1289 @end table
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1290
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291 You can also specify the field width and type of padding for any of
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1292 these @samp{%}-sequences. This works as in @code{printf}: you write
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1293 the field width as digits in the middle of a @samp{%}-sequences. If you
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1294 start the field width with @samp{0}, it means to pad with zeros. If you
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1295 start the field width with @samp{_}, it means to pad with spaces.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1297 For example, @samp{%S} specifies the number of seconds since the minute;
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298 @samp{%03S} means to pad this with zeros to 3 positions, @samp{%_3S} to
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1299 pad with spaces to 3 positions. Plain @samp{%3S} pads with zeros,
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1300 because that is how @samp{%S} normally pads to two positions.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1301
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1302 The characters @samp{E} and @samp{O} act as modifiers when used between
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1303 @samp{%} and one of the letters in the table above. @samp{E} specifies
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1304 using the current locale's ``alternative'' version of the date and time.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1305 In a Japanese locale, for example, @code{%Ex} might yield a date format
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1306 based on the Japanese Emperors' reigns. @samp{E} is allowed in
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1307 @samp{%Ec}, @samp{%EC}, @samp{%Ex}, @samp{%EX}, @samp{%Ey}, and
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1308 @samp{%EY}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1309
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1310 @samp{O} means to use the current locale's ``alternative''
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1311 representation of numbers, instead of the ordinary decimal digits. This
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1312 is allowed with most letters, all the ones that output numbers.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1313
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1314 If @var{universal} is non-@code{nil}, that means to describe the time as
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1315 Universal Time; @code{nil} means describe it using what Emacs believes
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1316 is the local time zone (see @code{current-time-zone}).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1317
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1318 This function uses the C library function @code{strftime}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1319 (@pxref{Formatting Calendar Time,,, libc, The GNU C Library Reference
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1320 Manual}) to do most of the work. In order to communicate with that
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1321 function, it first encodes its argument using the coding system
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1322 specified by @code{locale-coding-system} (@pxref{Locales}); after
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1323 @code{strftime} returns the resulting string,
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1324 @code{format-time-string} decodes the string using that same coding
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1325 system.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1326 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1327
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1328 @defun seconds-to-time seconds
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1329 This function converts @var{seconds}, a floating point number of
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1330 seconds since the epoch, to a time value and returns that. To perform
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1331 the inverse conversion, use @code{float-time}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1332 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1333
98802
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1334 @defun format-seconds format-string seconds
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1335 This function converts its argument @var{seconds} into a string of
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1336 years, days, hours, etc., according to @var{format-string}. The
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1337 argument @var{format-string} may contain @samp{%}-sequences which
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1338 control the conversion. Here is a table of what the
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1339 @samp{%}-sequences mean:
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1340
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1341 @table @samp
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1342 @item %y
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1343 @itemx %Y
98811
e51cb1bd0e3a (Time Parsing, Processor Run Time): Fix last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98802
diff changeset
1344 The integer number of 365-day years.
98802
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1345 @item %d
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1346 @itemx %D
98811
e51cb1bd0e3a (Time Parsing, Processor Run Time): Fix last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98802
diff changeset
1347 The integer number of days.
98802
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1348 @item %h
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1349 @itemx %H
98811
e51cb1bd0e3a (Time Parsing, Processor Run Time): Fix last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98802
diff changeset
1350 The integer number of hours.
98802
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1351 @item %m
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1352 @itemx %M
98811
e51cb1bd0e3a (Time Parsing, Processor Run Time): Fix last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98802
diff changeset
1353 The integer number of minutes.
98802
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1354 @item %s
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1355 @itemx %S
98811
e51cb1bd0e3a (Time Parsing, Processor Run Time): Fix last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98802
diff changeset
1356 The integer number of seconds.
98802
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1357 @item %z
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1358 Non-printing control flag. When it is used, other specifiers must be
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1359 given in the order of decreasing size, i.e.@: years before days, hours
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1360 before minutes, etc. Nothing will be produced in the result string to
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1361 the left of @samp{%z} until the first non-zero conversion is
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1362 encountered. For example, the default format used by
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1363 @code{emacs-uptime} (@pxref{Processor Run Time, emacs-uptime})
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1364 @w{@code{"%Y, %D, %H, %M, %z%S"}} means that the number of seconds
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1365 will always be produced, but years, days, hours, and minutes will only
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1366 be shown if they are non-zero.
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1367 @item %%
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1368 Produces a literal @samp{%}.
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1369 @end table
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1370
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1371 Upper-case format sequences produce the units in addition to the
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1372 numbers, lower-case formats produce only the numbers.
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1373
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1374 You can also specify the field width by following the @samp{%} with a
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1375 number; shorter numbers will be padded with blanks. An optional
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1376 period before the width requests zero-padding instead. For example,
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1377 @code{"%.3Y"} might produce @code{"004 years"}.
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1378
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1379 @emph{Warning:} This function works only with values of @var{seconds}
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1380 that don't exceed @code{most-positive-fixnum} (@pxref{Integer Basics,
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1381 most-positive-fixnum}).
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1382 @end defun
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1383
84093
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1384 @node Processor Run Time
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1385 @section Processor Run time
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1386 @cindex processor run time
98802
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1387 @cindex Emacs process run time
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1388
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1389 Emacs provides several functions and primitives that return time,
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1390 both elapsed and processor time, used by the Emacs process.
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1391
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1392 @defun emacs-uptime &optional format
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1393 This function returns a string representing the Emacs
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1394 @dfn{uptime}---the elapsed wall-clock time this instance of Emacs is
98811
e51cb1bd0e3a (Time Parsing, Processor Run Time): Fix last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98802
diff changeset
1395 running. The string is formatted by @code{format-seconds} according
e51cb1bd0e3a (Time Parsing, Processor Run Time): Fix last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98802
diff changeset
1396 to the optional argument @var{format}. For the available format
e51cb1bd0e3a (Time Parsing, Processor Run Time): Fix last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98802
diff changeset
1397 descriptors, see @ref{Time Parsing, format-seconds}. If @var{format}
99908
3a3bc9606291 (Processor Run Time): Fix typo.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 98811
diff changeset
1398 is @code{nil} or omitted, it defaults to @code{"%Y, %D, %H, %M,
3a3bc9606291 (Processor Run Time): Fix typo.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 98811
diff changeset
1399 %z%S"}.
98802
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1400 @end defun
84093
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1401
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1402 @defun get-internal-run-time
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1403 This function returns the processor run time used by Emacs as a list
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1404 of three integers: @code{(@var{high} @var{low} @var{microsec})}. The
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1405 integers @var{high} and @var{low} combine to give the number of
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1406 seconds, which is
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1407 @ifnottex
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1408 @var{high} * 2**16 + @var{low}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1409 @end ifnottex
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1410 @tex
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1411 $high*2^{16}+low$.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1412 @end tex
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1413
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1414 The third element, @var{microsec}, gives the microseconds (or 0 for
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1415 systems that return time with the resolution of only one second).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1416
98802
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1417 Note that the time returned by this function excludes the time Emacs
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1418 was not using the processor, and if the Emacs process has several
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1419 threads, the returned value is the sum of the processor times used up
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1420 by all Emacs threads.
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1421
84093
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1422 If the system doesn't provide a way to determine the processor run
98802
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1423 time, @code{get-internal-run-time} returns the same time as
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1424 @code{current-time}.
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1425 @end defun
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1426
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1427 @defun emacs-init-time
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1428 This function returns the duration of the Emacs initialization
b6dc8bf48796 (Processor Run Time): Document `emacs-uptime' and `emacs-init-time'.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 98796
diff changeset
1429 (@pxref{Startup Summary}) in seconds, as a string.
84093
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1430 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1431
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1432 @node Time Calculations
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1433 @section Time Calculations
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1434
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1435 These functions perform calendrical computations using time values
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1436 (the kind of list that @code{current-time} returns).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1437
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1438 @defun time-less-p t1 t2
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1439 This returns @code{t} if time value @var{t1} is less than time value
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1440 @var{t2}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1441 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1442
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1443 @defun time-subtract t1 t2
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1444 This returns the time difference @var{t1} @minus{} @var{t2} between
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1445 two time values, in the same format as a time value.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1446 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1447
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1448 @defun time-add t1 t2
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1449 This returns the sum of two time values, one of which ought to
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1450 represent a time difference rather than a point in time.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1451 Here is how to add a number of seconds to a time value:
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1452
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1453 @example
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1454 (time-add @var{time} (seconds-to-time @var{seconds}))
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1455 @end example
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1456 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1457
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1458 @defun time-to-days time
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1459 This function returns the number of days between the beginning of year
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1460 1 and @var{time}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1461 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1462
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1463 @defun time-to-day-in-year time
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1464 This returns the day number within the year corresponding to @var{time}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1465 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1466
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1467 @defun date-leap-year-p year
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1468 This function returns @code{t} if @var{year} is a leap year.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1469 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1470
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1471 @node Timers
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1472 @section Timers for Delayed Execution
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1473 @cindex timer
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1474
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1475 You can set up a @dfn{timer} to call a function at a specified
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1476 future time or after a certain length of idleness.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1477
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1478 Emacs cannot run timers at any arbitrary point in a Lisp program; it
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1479 can run them only when Emacs could accept output from a subprocess:
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1480 namely, while waiting or inside certain primitive functions such as
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1481 @code{sit-for} or @code{read-event} which @emph{can} wait. Therefore, a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1482 timer's execution may be delayed if Emacs is busy. However, the time of
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1483 execution is very precise if Emacs is idle.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1484
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1485 Emacs binds @code{inhibit-quit} to @code{t} before calling the timer
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1486 function, because quitting out of many timer functions can leave
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1487 things in an inconsistent state. This is normally unproblematical
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1488 because most timer functions don't do a lot of work. Indeed, for a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1489 timer to call a function that takes substantial time to run is likely
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1490 to be annoying. If a timer function needs to allow quitting, it
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1491 should use @code{with-local-quit} (@pxref{Quitting}). For example, if
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1492 a timer function calls @code{accept-process-output} to receive output
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1493 from an external process, that call should be wrapped inside
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1494 @code{with-local-quit}, to ensure that @kbd{C-g} works if the external
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1495 process hangs.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1496
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1497 It is usually a bad idea for timer functions to alter buffer
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1498 contents. When they do, they usually should call @code{undo-boundary}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1499 both before and after changing the buffer, to separate the timer's
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1500 changes from user commands' changes and prevent a single undo entry
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1501 from growing to be quite large.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1502
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1503 Timer functions should also avoid calling functions that cause Emacs
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1504 to wait, such as @code{sit-for} (@pxref{Waiting}). This can lead to
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1505 unpredictable effects, since other timers (or even the same timer) can
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1506 run while waiting. If a timer function needs to perform an action
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1507 after a certain time has elapsed, it can do this by scheduling a new
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1508 timer.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1509
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1510 If a timer function calls functions that can change the match data,
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1511 it should save and restore the match data. @xref{Saving Match Data}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1512
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1513 @deffn Command run-at-time time repeat function &rest args
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1514 This sets up a timer that calls the function @var{function} with
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1515 arguments @var{args} at time @var{time}. If @var{repeat} is a number
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1516 (integer or floating point), the timer is scheduled to run again every
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1517 @var{repeat} seconds after @var{time}. If @var{repeat} is @code{nil},
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1518 the timer runs only once.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1519
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1520 @var{time} may specify an absolute or a relative time.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1521
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1522 Absolute times may be specified using a string with a limited variety
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1523 of formats, and are taken to be times @emph{today}, even if already in
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1524 the past. The recognized forms are @samp{@var{xxxx}},
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1525 @samp{@var{x}:@var{xx}}, or @samp{@var{xx}:@var{xx}} (military time),
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1526 and @samp{@var{xx}am}, @samp{@var{xx}AM}, @samp{@var{xx}pm},
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1527 @samp{@var{xx}PM}, @samp{@var{xx}:@var{xx}am},
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1528 @samp{@var{xx}:@var{xx}AM}, @samp{@var{xx}:@var{xx}pm}, or
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1529 @samp{@var{xx}:@var{xx}PM}. A period can be used instead of a colon
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1530 to separate the hour and minute parts.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1531
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1532 To specify a relative time as a string, use numbers followed by units.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1533 For example:
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1534
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1535 @table @samp
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1536 @item 1 min
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1537 denotes 1 minute from now.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1538 @item 1 min 5 sec
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1539 denotes 65 seconds from now.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1540 @item 1 min 2 sec 3 hour 4 day 5 week 6 fortnight 7 month 8 year
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1541 denotes exactly 103 months, 123 days, and 10862 seconds from now.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1542 @end table
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1543
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1544 For relative time values, Emacs considers a month to be exactly thirty
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1545 days, and a year to be exactly 365.25 days.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1546
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1547 Not all convenient formats are strings. If @var{time} is a number
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1548 (integer or floating point), that specifies a relative time measured in
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1549 seconds. The result of @code{encode-time} can also be used to specify
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1550 an absolute value for @var{time}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1551
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1552 In most cases, @var{repeat} has no effect on when @emph{first} call
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1553 takes place---@var{time} alone specifies that. There is one exception:
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1554 if @var{time} is @code{t}, then the timer runs whenever the time is a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1555 multiple of @var{repeat} seconds after the epoch. This is useful for
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1556 functions like @code{display-time}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1557
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1558 The function @code{run-at-time} returns a timer value that identifies
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1559 the particular scheduled future action. You can use this value to call
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1560 @code{cancel-timer} (see below).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1561 @end deffn
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1562
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1563 A repeating timer nominally ought to run every @var{repeat} seconds,
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1564 but remember that any invocation of a timer can be late. Lateness of
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1565 one repetition has no effect on the scheduled time of the next
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1566 repetition. For instance, if Emacs is busy computing for long enough
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1567 to cover three scheduled repetitions of the timer, and then starts to
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1568 wait, it will immediately call the timer function three times in
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1569 immediate succession (presuming no other timers trigger before or
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1570 between them). If you want a timer to run again no less than @var{n}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1571 seconds after the last invocation, don't use the @var{repeat} argument.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1572 Instead, the timer function should explicitly reschedule the timer.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1573
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1574 @defvar timer-max-repeats
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1575 This variable's value specifies the maximum number of times to repeat
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1576 calling a timer function in a row, when many previously scheduled
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1577 calls were unavoidably delayed.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1578 @end defvar
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1579
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1580 @defmac with-timeout (seconds timeout-forms@dots{}) body@dots{}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1581 Execute @var{body}, but give up after @var{seconds} seconds. If
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1582 @var{body} finishes before the time is up, @code{with-timeout} returns
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1583 the value of the last form in @var{body}. If, however, the execution of
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1584 @var{body} is cut short by the timeout, then @code{with-timeout}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1585 executes all the @var{timeout-forms} and returns the value of the last
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1586 of them.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1587
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1588 This macro works by setting a timer to run after @var{seconds} seconds. If
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1589 @var{body} finishes before that time, it cancels the timer. If the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1590 timer actually runs, it terminates execution of @var{body}, then
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1591 executes @var{timeout-forms}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1592
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1593 Since timers can run within a Lisp program only when the program calls a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1594 primitive that can wait, @code{with-timeout} cannot stop executing
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1595 @var{body} while it is in the midst of a computation---only when it
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1596 calls one of those primitives. So use @code{with-timeout} only with a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1597 @var{body} that waits for input, not one that does a long computation.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1598 @end defmac
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1599
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1600 The function @code{y-or-n-p-with-timeout} provides a simple way to use
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1601 a timer to avoid waiting too long for an answer. @xref{Yes-or-No
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1602 Queries}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1603
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1604 @defun cancel-timer timer
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1605 This cancels the requested action for @var{timer}, which should be a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1606 timer---usually, one previously returned by @code{run-at-time} or
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1607 @code{run-with-idle-timer}. This cancels the effect of that call to
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1608 one of these functions; the arrival of the specified time will not
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1609 cause anything special to happen.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1610 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1611
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1612 @node Idle Timers
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1613 @section Idle Timers
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1614
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1615 Here is how to set up a timer that runs when Emacs is idle for a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1616 certain length of time. Aside from how to set them up, idle timers
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1617 work just like ordinary timers.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1618
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1619 @deffn Command run-with-idle-timer secs repeat function &rest args
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1620 Set up a timer which runs when Emacs has been idle for @var{secs}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1621 seconds. The value of @var{secs} may be an integer or a floating point
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1622 number; a value of the type returned by @code{current-idle-time}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1623 is also allowed.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1624
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1625 If @var{repeat} is @code{nil}, the timer runs just once, the first time
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1626 Emacs remains idle for a long enough time. More often @var{repeat} is
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1627 non-@code{nil}, which means to run the timer @emph{each time} Emacs
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1628 remains idle for @var{secs} seconds.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1629
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1630 The function @code{run-with-idle-timer} returns a timer value which you
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1631 can use in calling @code{cancel-timer} (@pxref{Timers}).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1632 @end deffn
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1633
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1634 @cindex idleness
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1635 Emacs becomes ``idle'' when it starts waiting for user input, and it
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1636 remains idle until the user provides some input. If a timer is set for
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1637 five seconds of idleness, it runs approximately five seconds after Emacs
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1638 first becomes idle. Even if @var{repeat} is non-@code{nil}, this timer
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1639 will not run again as long as Emacs remains idle, because the duration
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1640 of idleness will continue to increase and will not go down to five
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1641 seconds again.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1642
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1643 Emacs can do various things while idle: garbage collect, autosave or
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1644 handle data from a subprocess. But these interludes during idleness do
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1645 not interfere with idle timers, because they do not reset the clock of
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1646 idleness to zero. An idle timer set for 600 seconds will run when ten
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1647 minutes have elapsed since the last user command was finished, even if
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1648 subprocess output has been accepted thousands of times within those ten
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1649 minutes, and even if there have been garbage collections and autosaves.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1650
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1651 When the user supplies input, Emacs becomes non-idle while executing the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1652 input. Then it becomes idle again, and all the idle timers that are
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1653 set up to repeat will subsequently run another time, one by one.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1654
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1655 @c Emacs 19 feature
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1656 @defun current-idle-time
85688
b210bba3f477 Merge from emacs--rel--22
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 85106
diff changeset
1657 If Emacs is idle, this function returns the length of time Emacs has
b210bba3f477 Merge from emacs--rel--22
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 85106
diff changeset
1658 been idle, as a list of three integers: @code{(@var{high} @var{low}
b210bba3f477 Merge from emacs--rel--22
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 85106
diff changeset
1659 @var{microsec})}. The integers @var{high} and @var{low} combine to
b210bba3f477 Merge from emacs--rel--22
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 85106
diff changeset
1660 give the number of seconds of idleness, which is
84093
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1661 @ifnottex
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1662 @var{high} * 2**16 + @var{low}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1663 @end ifnottex
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1664 @tex
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1665 $high*2^{16}+low$.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1666 @end tex
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1667
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1668 The third element, @var{microsec}, gives the microseconds since the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1669 start of the current second (or 0 for systems that return time with
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1670 the resolution of only one second).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1671
85688
b210bba3f477 Merge from emacs--rel--22
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 85106
diff changeset
1672 When Emacs is not idle, @code{current-idle-time} returns @code{nil}.
b210bba3f477 Merge from emacs--rel--22
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 85106
diff changeset
1673 This is a convenient way to test whether Emacs is idle.
b210bba3f477 Merge from emacs--rel--22
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 85106
diff changeset
1674
84093
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1675 The main use of this function is when an idle timer function wants to
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1676 ``take a break'' for a while. It can set up another idle timer to
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1677 call the same function again, after a few seconds more idleness.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1678 Here's an example:
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1679
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1680 @smallexample
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1681 (defvar resume-timer nil
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1682 "Timer that `timer-function' used to reschedule itself, or nil.")
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1683
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1684 (defun timer-function ()
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1685 ;; @r{If the user types a command while @code{resume-timer}}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1686 ;; @r{is active, the next time this function is called from}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1687 ;; @r{its main idle timer, deactivate @code{resume-timer}.}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1688 (when resume-timer
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1689 (cancel-timer resume-timer))
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1690 ...@var{do the work for a while}...
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1691 (when @var{taking-a-break}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1692 (setq resume-timer
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1693 (run-with-idle-timer
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1694 ;; Compute an idle time @var{break-length}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1695 ;; more than the current value.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1696 (time-add (current-idle-time)
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1697 (seconds-to-time @var{break-length}))
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1698 nil
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1699 'timer-function))))
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1700 @end smallexample
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1701 @end defun
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1702
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1703 Some idle timer functions in user Lisp packages have a loop that
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1704 does a certain amount of processing each time around, and exits when
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1705 @code{(input-pending-p)} is non-@code{nil}. That approach seems very
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1706 natural but has two problems:
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1707
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1708 @itemize
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1709 @item
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1710 It blocks out all process output (since Emacs accepts process output
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1711 only while waiting).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1712
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1713 @item
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1714 It blocks out any idle timers that ought to run during that time.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1715 @end itemize
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1716
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1717 @noindent
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1718 To avoid these problems, don't use that technique. Instead, write
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1719 such idle timers to reschedule themselves after a brief pause, using
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1720 the method in the @code{timer-function} example above.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1721
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1722 @node Terminal Input
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1723 @section Terminal Input
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1724 @cindex terminal input
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1725
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1726 This section describes functions and variables for recording or
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1727 manipulating terminal input. See @ref{Display}, for related
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1728 functions.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1729
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1730 @menu
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1731 * Input Modes:: Options for how input is processed.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1732 * Recording Input:: Saving histories of recent or all input events.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1733 @end menu
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1734
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1735 @node Input Modes
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1736 @subsection Input Modes
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1737 @cindex input modes
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1738 @cindex terminal input modes
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1739
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1740 @defun set-input-mode interrupt flow meta &optional quit-char
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1741 This function sets the mode for reading keyboard input. If
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1742 @var{interrupt} is non-null, then Emacs uses input interrupts. If it is
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1743 @code{nil}, then it uses @sc{cbreak} mode. The default setting is
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1744 system-dependent. Some systems always use @sc{cbreak} mode regardless
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1745 of what is specified.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1746
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1747 When Emacs communicates directly with X, it ignores this argument and
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1748 uses interrupts if that is the way it knows how to communicate.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1749
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1750 If @var{flow} is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs uses @sc{xon/xoff}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1751 (@kbd{C-q}, @kbd{C-s}) flow control for output to the terminal. This
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1752 has no effect except in @sc{cbreak} mode.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1753
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1754 @c Emacs 19 feature
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1755 The argument @var{meta} controls support for input character codes
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1756 above 127. If @var{meta} is @code{t}, Emacs converts characters with
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1757 the 8th bit set into Meta characters. If @var{meta} is @code{nil},
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1758 Emacs disregards the 8th bit; this is necessary when the terminal uses
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1759 it as a parity bit. If @var{meta} is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil},
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1760 Emacs uses all 8 bits of input unchanged. This is good for terminals
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1761 that use 8-bit character sets.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1762
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1763 @c Emacs 19 feature
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1764 If @var{quit-char} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies the character to
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1765 use for quitting. Normally this character is @kbd{C-g}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1766 @xref{Quitting}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1767 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1768
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1769 The @code{current-input-mode} function returns the input mode settings
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1770 Emacs is currently using.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1771
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1772 @c Emacs 19 feature
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1773 @defun current-input-mode
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1774 This function returns the current mode for reading keyboard input. It
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1775 returns a list, corresponding to the arguments of @code{set-input-mode},
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1776 of the form @code{(@var{interrupt} @var{flow} @var{meta} @var{quit})} in
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1777 which:
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1778 @table @var
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1779 @item interrupt
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1780 is non-@code{nil} when Emacs is using interrupt-driven input. If
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1781 @code{nil}, Emacs is using @sc{cbreak} mode.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1782 @item flow
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1783 is non-@code{nil} if Emacs uses @sc{xon/xoff} (@kbd{C-q}, @kbd{C-s})
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1784 flow control for output to the terminal. This value is meaningful only
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1785 when @var{interrupt} is @code{nil}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1786 @item meta
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1787 is @code{t} if Emacs treats the eighth bit of input characters as
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1788 the meta bit; @code{nil} means Emacs clears the eighth bit of every
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1789 input character; any other value means Emacs uses all eight bits as the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1790 basic character code.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1791 @item quit
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1792 is the character Emacs currently uses for quitting, usually @kbd{C-g}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1793 @end table
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1794 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1795
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1796 @node Recording Input
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1797 @subsection Recording Input
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1798 @cindex recording input
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1799
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1800 @defun recent-keys
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1801 This function returns a vector containing the last 300 input events from
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1802 the keyboard or mouse. All input events are included, whether or not
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1803 they were used as parts of key sequences. Thus, you always get the last
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1804 100 input events, not counting events generated by keyboard macros.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1805 (These are excluded because they are less interesting for debugging; it
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1806 should be enough to see the events that invoked the macros.)
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1807
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1808 A call to @code{clear-this-command-keys} (@pxref{Command Loop Info})
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1809 causes this function to return an empty vector immediately afterward.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1810 @end defun
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1811
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1812 @deffn Command open-dribble-file filename
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1813 @cindex dribble file
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1814 This function opens a @dfn{dribble file} named @var{filename}. When a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1815 dribble file is open, each input event from the keyboard or mouse (but
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1816 not those from keyboard macros) is written in that file. A
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1817 non-character event is expressed using its printed representation
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1818 surrounded by @samp{<@dots{}>}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1819
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1820 You close the dribble file by calling this function with an argument
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1821 of @code{nil}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1822
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1823 This function is normally used to record the input necessary to
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1824 trigger an Emacs bug, for the sake of a bug report.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1825
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1826 @example
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1827 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1828 (open-dribble-file "~/dribble")
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1829 @result{} nil
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1830 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1831 @end example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1832 @end deffn
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1833
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1834 See also the @code{open-termscript} function (@pxref{Terminal Output}).
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1835
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1836 @node Terminal Output
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1837 @section Terminal Output
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1838 @cindex terminal output
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1839
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1840 The terminal output functions send output to a text terminal, or keep
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1841 track of output sent to the terminal. The variable @code{baud-rate}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1842 tells you what Emacs thinks is the output speed of the terminal.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1843
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1844 @defvar baud-rate
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1845 This variable's value is the output speed of the terminal, as far as
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1846 Emacs knows. Setting this variable does not change the speed of actual
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1847 data transmission, but the value is used for calculations such as
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1848 padding.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1849
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1850 It also affects decisions about whether to scroll part of the
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1851 screen or repaint on text terminals. @xref{Forcing Redisplay},
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1852 for the corresponding functionality on graphical terminals.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1853
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1854 The value is measured in baud.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1855 @end defvar
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1856
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1857 If you are running across a network, and different parts of the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1858 network work at different baud rates, the value returned by Emacs may be
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1859 different from the value used by your local terminal. Some network
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1860 protocols communicate the local terminal speed to the remote machine, so
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1861 that Emacs and other programs can get the proper value, but others do
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1862 not. If Emacs has the wrong value, it makes decisions that are less
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1863 than optimal. To fix the problem, set @code{baud-rate}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1864
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1865 @defun baud-rate
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1866 This obsolete function returns the value of the variable
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1867 @code{baud-rate}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1868 @end defun
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1869
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1870 @defun send-string-to-terminal string
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1871 This function sends @var{string} to the terminal without alteration.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1872 Control characters in @var{string} have terminal-dependent effects.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1873 This function operates only on text terminals.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1874
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1875 One use of this function is to define function keys on terminals that
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1876 have downloadable function key definitions. For example, this is how (on
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1877 certain terminals) to define function key 4 to move forward four
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1878 characters (by transmitting the characters @kbd{C-u C-f} to the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1879 computer):
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1880
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1881 @example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1882 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1883 (send-string-to-terminal "\eF4\^U\^F")
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1884 @result{} nil
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1885 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1886 @end example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1887 @end defun
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1888
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1889 @deffn Command open-termscript filename
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1890 @cindex termscript file
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1891 This function is used to open a @dfn{termscript file} that will record
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1892 all the characters sent by Emacs to the terminal. It returns
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1893 @code{nil}. Termscript files are useful for investigating problems
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1894 where Emacs garbles the screen, problems that are due to incorrect
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1895 Termcap entries or to undesirable settings of terminal options more
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1896 often than to actual Emacs bugs. Once you are certain which characters
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1897 were actually output, you can determine reliably whether they correspond
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1898 to the Termcap specifications in use.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1899
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1900 You close the termscript file by calling this function with an
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1901 argument of @code{nil}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1902
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1903 See also @code{open-dribble-file} in @ref{Recording Input}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1904
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1905 @example
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1906 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1907 (open-termscript "../junk/termscript")
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1908 @result{} nil
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1909 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1910 @end example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1911 @end deffn
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1912
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1913 @node Sound Output
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1914 @section Sound Output
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1915 @cindex sound
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1916
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1917 To play sound using Emacs, use the function @code{play-sound}. Only
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1918 certain systems are supported; if you call @code{play-sound} on a system
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1919 which cannot really do the job, it gives an error. Emacs version 20 and
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1920 earlier did not support sound at all.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1921
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1922 The sound must be stored as a file in RIFF-WAVE format (@samp{.wav})
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1923 or Sun Audio format (@samp{.au}).
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1924
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1925 @defun play-sound sound
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1926 This function plays a specified sound. The argument, @var{sound}, has
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1927 the form @code{(sound @var{properties}...)}, where the @var{properties}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1928 consist of alternating keywords (particular symbols recognized
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1929 specially) and values corresponding to them.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1930
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1931 Here is a table of the keywords that are currently meaningful in
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1932 @var{sound}, and their meanings:
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1933
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parents:
diff changeset
1934 @table @code
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1935 @item :file @var{file}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1936 This specifies the file containing the sound to play.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1937 If the file name is not absolute, it is expanded against
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1938 the directory @code{data-directory}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1939
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1940 @item :data @var{data}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1941 This specifies the sound to play without need to refer to a file. The
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1942 value, @var{data}, should be a string containing the same bytes as a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1943 sound file. We recommend using a unibyte string.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1944
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1945 @item :volume @var{volume}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1946 This specifies how loud to play the sound. It should be a number in the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1947 range of 0 to 1. The default is to use whatever volume has been
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1948 specified before.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1949
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1950 @item :device @var{device}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1951 This specifies the system device on which to play the sound, as a
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1952 string. The default device is system-dependent.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1953 @end table
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1954
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1955 Before actually playing the sound, @code{play-sound}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1956 calls the functions in the list @code{play-sound-functions}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1957 Each function is called with one argument, @var{sound}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1958 @end defun
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1959
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1960 @defun play-sound-file file &optional volume device
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1961 This function is an alternative interface to playing a sound @var{file}
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1962 specifying an optional @var{volume} and @var{device}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1963 @end defun
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1964
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1965 @defvar play-sound-functions
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1966 A list of functions to be called before playing a sound. Each function
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1967 is called with one argument, a property list that describes the sound.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1968 @end defvar
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1969
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1970 @node X11 Keysyms
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1971 @section Operating on X11 Keysyms
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1972 @cindex X11 keysyms
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1973
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1974 To define system-specific X11 keysyms, set the variable
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1975 @code{system-key-alist}.
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1976
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1977 @defvar system-key-alist
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1978 This variable's value should be an alist with one element for each
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1979 system-specific keysym. Each element has the form @code{(@var{code}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1980 . @var{symbol})}, where @var{code} is the numeric keysym code (not
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1981 including the ``vendor specific'' bit,
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diff changeset
1982 @ifnottex
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parents:
diff changeset
1983 -2**28),
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diff changeset
1984 @end ifnottex
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diff changeset
1985 @tex
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parents:
diff changeset
1986 $-2^{28}$),
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diff changeset
1987 @end tex
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parents:
diff changeset
1988 and @var{symbol} is the name for the function key.
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parents:
diff changeset
1989
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parents:
diff changeset
1990 For example @code{(168 . mute-acute)} defines a system-specific key (used
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1991 by HP X servers) whose numeric code is
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parents:
diff changeset
1992 @ifnottex
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parents:
diff changeset
1993 -2**28
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parents:
diff changeset
1994 @end ifnottex
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diff changeset
1995 @tex
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parents:
diff changeset
1996 $-2^{28}$
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diff changeset
1997 @end tex
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parents:
diff changeset
1998 + 168.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1999
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2000 It is not crucial to exclude from the alist the keysyms of other X
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2001 servers; those do no harm, as long as they don't conflict with the ones
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2002 used by the X server actually in use.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2003
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2004 The variable is always local to the current terminal, and cannot be
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2005 buffer-local. @xref{Multiple Displays}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2006 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
2007
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2008 You can specify which keysyms Emacs should use for the Meta, Alt, Hyper, and Super modifiers by setting these variables:
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2009
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2010 @defvar x-alt-keysym
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2011 @defvarx x-meta-keysym
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2012 @defvarx x-hyper-keysym
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2013 @defvarx x-super-keysym
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2014 The name of the keysym that should stand for the Alt modifier
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2015 (respectively, for Meta, Hyper, and Super). For example, here is
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2016 how to swap the Meta and Alt modifiers within Emacs:
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2017 @lisp
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parents:
diff changeset
2018 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta)
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parents:
diff changeset
2019 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2020 @end lisp
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parents:
diff changeset
2021 @end defvar
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2022
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2023 @node Batch Mode
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2024 @section Batch Mode
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2025 @cindex batch mode
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2026
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2027 The command-line option @samp{-batch} causes Emacs to run
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2028 noninteractively. In this mode, Emacs does not read commands from the
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2029 terminal, it does not alter the terminal modes, and it does not expect
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2030 to be outputting to an erasable screen. The idea is that you specify
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2031 Lisp programs to run; when they are finished, Emacs should exit. The
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2032 way to specify the programs to run is with @samp{-l @var{file}}, which
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2033 loads the library named @var{file}, or @samp{-f @var{function}}, which
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2034 calls @var{function} with no arguments, or @samp{--eval @var{form}}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2035
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2036 Any Lisp program output that would normally go to the echo area,
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2037 either using @code{message}, or using @code{prin1}, etc., with @code{t}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2038 as the stream, goes instead to Emacs's standard error descriptor when
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2039 in batch mode. Similarly, input that would normally come from the
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2040 minibuffer is read from the standard input descriptor.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2041 Thus, Emacs behaves much like a noninteractive
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2042 application program. (The echo area output that Emacs itself normally
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2043 generates, such as command echoing, is suppressed entirely.)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2044
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2045 @defvar noninteractive
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2046 This variable is non-@code{nil} when Emacs is running in batch mode.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2047 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
2048
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parents:
diff changeset
2049 @node Session Management
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2050 @section Session Management
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2051 @cindex session manager
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2052
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2053 Emacs supports the X Session Management Protocol for suspension and
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2054 restart of applications. In the X Window System, a program called the
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2055 @dfn{session manager} has the responsibility to keep track of the
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2056 applications that are running. During shutdown, the session manager
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2057 asks applications to save their state, and delays the actual shutdown
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2058 until they respond. An application can also cancel the shutdown.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2059
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2060 When the session manager restarts a suspended session, it directs
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2061 these applications to individually reload their saved state. It does
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2062 this by specifying a special command-line argument that says what
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2063 saved session to restore. For Emacs, this argument is @samp{--smid
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2064 @var{session}}.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2065
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parents:
diff changeset
2066 @defvar emacs-save-session-functions
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parents:
diff changeset
2067 Emacs supports saving state by using a hook called
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2068 @code{emacs-save-session-functions}. Each function in this hook is
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2069 called when the session manager tells Emacs that the window system is
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2070 shutting down. The functions are called with no arguments and with the
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2071 current buffer set to a temporary buffer. Each function can use
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2072 @code{insert} to add Lisp code to this buffer. At the end, Emacs
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2073 saves the buffer in a file that a subsequent Emacs invocation will
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2074 load in order to restart the saved session.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2075
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2076 If a function in @code{emacs-save-session-functions} returns
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2077 non-@code{nil}, Emacs tells the session manager to cancel the
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2078 shutdown.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2079 @end defvar
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2080
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2081 Here is an example that just inserts some text into @samp{*scratch*} when
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2082 Emacs is restarted by the session manager.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2083
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2084 @example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2085 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2086 (add-hook 'emacs-save-session-functions 'save-yourself-test)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2087 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2088
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2089 @group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2090 (defun save-yourself-test ()
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2091 (insert "(save-excursion
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2092 (switch-to-buffer \"*scratch*\")
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2093 (insert \"I am restored\"))")
8ed9b6f83833 Move here from ../../lispref
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2094 nil)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2095 @end group
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2096 @end example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2097
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2098 @ignore
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parents:
diff changeset
2099 arch-tag: 8378814a-30d7-467c-9615-74a80b9988a7
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parents:
diff changeset
2100 @end ignore