annotate man/xresmini.texi @ 71234:f565df3b3c04

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author Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
date Mon, 05 Jun 2006 19:47:51 +0000
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children c7e4f78b81a6
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2003,
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3 @c 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @node X Resources, Antinews, Emacs Invocation, Top
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6 @appendix X Options and Resources
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7
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8 You can customize some X-related aspects of Emacs behavior using X
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9 resources, as is usual for programs that use X. On MS-Windows, you
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10 can customize some of the same aspects using the system registry.
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11 @xref{MS-Windows Registry}. Likewise, Emacs on MacOS Carbon emulates X
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12 resources using the Preferences system. @xref{Mac Environment Variables}.
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13
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14 When Emacs is built using an ``X toolkit'', such as Lucid or
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15 LessTif, you need to use X resources to customize the appearance of
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16 the widgets, including the menu-bar, scroll-bar, and dialog boxes.
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17 This is because the libraries that implement these don't provide for
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18 customization through Emacs. GTK+ widgets use a separate system of
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19 ``GTK resources''. In this chapter we describe the most commonly used
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20 resource specifications. For full documentation, see the online
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21 manual.
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22
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23 @c Add xref for LessTif/Motif menu resources.
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24
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25 @menu
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26 * Resources:: Using X resources with Emacs (in general).
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27 * Table of Resources:: Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs.
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28 * Face Resources:: X resources for customizing faces.
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29 * Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus.
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30 * GTK resources:: Resources for GTK widgets.
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31 @end menu
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32
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33 @node Resources
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34 @appendixsec X Resources
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35 @cindex resources
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36 @cindex X resources
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37 @cindex @file{~/.Xdefaults} file
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38 @cindex @file{~/.Xresources} file
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39
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40 Programs running under the X Window System organize their user
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41 options under a hierarchy of classes and resources. You can specify
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42 default values for these options in your X resources file, usually
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43 named @file{~/.Xdefaults} or @file{~/.Xresources}.
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44 If changes in @file{~/.Xdefaults} do not
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45 take effect, it is because your X server stores its own list of
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46 resources; to update them, use the shell command @command{xrdb}---for
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47 instance, @samp{xrdb ~/.Xdefaults}.
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48
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49 Each line in the file specifies a value for one option or for a
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50 collection of related options, for one program or for several programs
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51 (optionally even for all programs).
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52
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53 @cindex Registry (MS-Windows)
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54 MS-Windows systems don't support @file{~/.Xdefaults} files, but
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55 Emacs compiled for Windows looks for X resources in the Windows
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56 Registry, under the key @samp{HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs}
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57 and then under the key @samp{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs}.
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58 The menu and scrollbars are native widgets on MS-Windows, so they are
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59 only customizable via the system-wide settings in the Display Control
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60 Panel. You can also set resources using the @samp{-xrm} command line
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61 option (see below.)
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62
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63 Applications such as Emacs look for resources with specific names
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64 and their particular meanings. Case distinctions are significant in
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65 these names. Each resource specification in @file{~/.Xdefaults}
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66 states the name of the program and the name of the resource. For
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67 Emacs, the program name is @samp{Emacs}. It looks like this:
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68
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69 @example
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70 Emacs.borderWidth: 2
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71 @end example
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72
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73 The order in which the lines appear in the file does not matter.
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74 Also, command-line options always override the X resources file.
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75
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76 You can experiment with the effect of different resource settings
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77 with the @code{editres} program. Select @samp{Get Tree} from the
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78 @samp{Commands} menu, then click on an Emacs frame. This will display
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79 a tree showing the structure of X toolkit widgets used in an Emacs
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80 frame. Select one of them, such as @samp{menubar}, then select
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81 @samp{Show Resource Box} from the @samp{Commands} menu. This displays
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82 a list of all the meaningful X resources for that widget, and allows
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83 you to edit them. Changes take effect when you click on the
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84 @samp{Apply} button. (See the @code{editres} man page for more
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85 details.)
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86
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87 @node Table of Resources
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88 @appendixsec Table of X Resources for Emacs
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89
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90 This table lists the resource names that designate options for
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91 Emacs, not counting those for the appearance of the menu bar, each
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92 with the class that it belongs to:
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93
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94 @table @asis
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95 @item @code{background} (class @code{Background})
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96 Background color name.
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97
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98 @item @code{borderColor} (class @code{BorderColor})
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99 Color name for the external border.
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100
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101 @item @code{cursorColor} (class @code{Foreground})
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102 Color name for text cursor (point).
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103
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104 @item @code{font} (class @code{Font})
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105 Font name (or fontset name, @pxref{Fontsets}) for @code{default} font.
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106
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107 @item @code{foreground} (class @code{Foreground})
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108 Color name for text.
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109
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110 @item @code{geometry} (class @code{Geometry})
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111 Window size and position. Be careful not to specify this resource as
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112 @samp{emacs*geometry}, because that may affect individual menus as well
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113 as the Emacs frame itself.
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114
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115 If this resource specifies a position, that position applies only to the
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116 initial Emacs frame (or, in the case of a resource for a specific frame
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117 name, only that frame). However, the size, if specified here, applies to
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118 all frames.
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119
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120 @item @code{iconName} (class @code{Title})
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121 Name to display in the icon.
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122
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123 @item @code{internalBorder} (class @code{BorderWidth})
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124 Width in pixels of the internal border.
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125
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126 @item @code{lineSpacing} (class @code{LineSpacing})
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127 @cindex line spacing
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128 @cindex leading
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129 Additional space (@dfn{leading}) between lines, in pixels.
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130
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131 @item @code{menuBar} (class @code{MenuBar})
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132 @cindex menu bar
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133 Give frames menu bars if @samp{on}; don't have menu bars if
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134 @samp{off}. @xref{Lucid Resources}, for how to control the appearance
4e4de282af95 (Table of Resources): Remove xref to non-existent node "LessTif Resources".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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135 of the menu bar if you have one.
70192
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136
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137 @item @code{pointerColor} (class @code{Foreground})
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138 Color of the mouse cursor.
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139
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140 @item @code{screenGamma} (class @code{ScreenGamma})
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141 @cindex gamma correction
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142 Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter
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143 @code{screen-gamma}.
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144
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145 @item @code{title} (class @code{Title})
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146 Name to display in the title bar of the initial Emacs frame.
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147
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148 @item @code{toolBar} (class @code{ToolBar})
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149 @cindex tool bar
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150 Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. A zero value suppresses
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151 the tool bar. If the value is non-zero and
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152 @code{auto-resize-tool-bars} is non-@code{nil}, the tool bar's size
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153 will be changed automatically so that all tool bar items are visible.
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154
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155 @item @code{useXIM} (class @code{UseXIM})
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156 @cindex XIM
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157 @cindex X input methods
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158 @cindex input methods, X
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159 Turn off use of X input methods (XIM) if @samp{false} or @samp{off}.
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160 This is only relevant if your Emacs is actually built with XIM
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161 support. It is potentially useful to turn off XIM for efficiency,
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diff changeset
162 especially slow X client/server links.
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163
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164 @item @code{verticalScrollBars} (class @code{ScrollBars})
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165 Give frames scroll bars if @samp{on}; don't have scroll bars if
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166 @samp{off}.
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167 @end table
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168
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169 @node Face Resources
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170 @appendixsec X Resources for Faces
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171
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172 You can use resources to customize the appearance of particular
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173 faces (@pxref{Faces}):
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174
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175 @table @code
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176 @item @var{face}.attributeForeground
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177 Foreground color for face @var{face}.
174ade98e30b New file, a shortened version of xresmini.texi.
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178 @item @var{face}.attributeBackground
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179 Background color for face @var{face}.
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180 @item @var{face}.attributeUnderline
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181 Underline flag for face @var{face}. Use @samp{on} or @samp{true} for
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182 yes.
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diff changeset
183 @item @var{face}.attributeStrikeThrough
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184 @itemx @var{face}.attributeOverline
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185 @itemx @var{face}.attributeBox
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186 @itemx @var{face}.attributeInverse
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diff changeset
187 Likewise, for other boolean font attributes.
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188 @item @var{face}.attributeStipple
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189 The name of a pixmap data file to use for the stipple pattern, or
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190 @code{false} to not use stipple for the face @var{face}.
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191 @item @var{face}.attributeBackgroundPixmap
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192 The background pixmap for the face @var{face}. Should be a name of a
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193 pixmap file or @code{false}.
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194 @item @var{face}.attributeFont
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195 Font name (full XFD name or valid X abbreviation) for face @var{face}.
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196 Instead of this, you can specify the font through separate attributes.
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197 @end table
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198
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199 Instead of using @code{attributeFont} to specify a font name, you can
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200 select a font through these separate attributes:
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201
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diff changeset
202 @table @code
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203 @item @var{face}.attributeFamily
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204 Font family for face @var{face}.
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205 @item @var{face}.attributeHeight
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206 Height of the font to use for face @var{face}: either an integer
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207 specifying the height in units of 1/10@dmn{pt}, or a floating point
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208 number that specifies a scale factor to scale the underlying face's
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diff changeset
209 default font, or a function to be called with the default height which
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diff changeset
210 will return a new height.
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211 @item @var{face}.attributeWidth
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212 @itemx @var{face}.attributeWeight
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213 @itemx @var{face}.attributeSlant
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diff changeset
214 Each of these resources corresponds to a like-named font attribute,
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diff changeset
215 and you write the resource value the same as the symbol you would use
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216 for the font attribute value.
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217 @item @var{face}.attributeBold
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218 Bold flag for face @var{face}---instead of @code{attributeWeight}. Use @samp{on} or @samp{true} for
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diff changeset
219 yes.
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220 @item @var{face}.attributeItalic
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diff changeset
221 Italic flag for face @var{face}---instead of @code{attributeSlant}.
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diff changeset
222 @end table
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223
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224 @node Lucid Resources
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diff changeset
225 @appendixsec Lucid Menu X Resources
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226 @cindex Menu X Resources (Lucid widgets)
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227 @cindex Lucid Widget X Resources
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diff changeset
228
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diff changeset
229 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit
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230 with the Lucid menu widgets, then the menu bar is a separate widget
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231 and has its own resources. The resource specifications start with
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diff changeset
232 @samp{Emacs.pane.menubar}---for instance, to specify the font
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diff changeset
233 @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, write this:
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234
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diff changeset
235 @example
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diff changeset
236 Emacs.pane.menubar.font: 8x16
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diff changeset
237 @end example
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238
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diff changeset
239 @noindent
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diff changeset
240 Resources for @emph{non-menubar} toolkit pop-up menus have
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diff changeset
241 @samp{menu*} instead of @samp{pane.menubar}. For example, to specify
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diff changeset
242 the font @samp{8x16} for the pop-up menu items, write this:
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diff changeset
243
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diff changeset
244 @example
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diff changeset
245 Emacs.menu*.font: 8x16
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diff changeset
246 @end example
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247
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diff changeset
248 @noindent
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diff changeset
249 For dialog boxes, use @samp{dialog*}:
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diff changeset
250
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diff changeset
251 @example
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diff changeset
252 Emacs.dialog*.font: 8x16
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diff changeset
253 @end example
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254
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diff changeset
255 @noindent
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256 The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. For
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diff changeset
257 more information about fontsets see the man page for
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diff changeset
258 @code{XCreateFontSet}. To enable multilingual menu text you specify a
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diff changeset
259 @code{fontSet} resource instead of the font resource. If both
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diff changeset
260 @code{font} and @code{fontSet} resources are specified, the
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diff changeset
261 @code{fontSet} resource is used.
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diff changeset
262
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diff changeset
263 Thus, to specify @samp{-*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*}
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diff changeset
264 for both the popup and menu bar menus, write this:
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diff changeset
265
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diff changeset
266 @example
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diff changeset
267 Emacs*menu*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*
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diff changeset
268 @end example
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269
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diff changeset
270 @noindent
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271 The @samp{*menu*} as a wildcard matches @samp{pane.menubar} and
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272 @samp{menu@dots{}}.
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273
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274 Experience shows that on some systems you may need to add
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275 @samp{shell.}@: before the @samp{pane.menubar} or @samp{menu*}. On
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276 some other systems, you must not add @samp{shell.}. The generic wildcard
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277 approach should work on both kinds of systems.
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278
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279 Here is a list of the specific resources for menu bars and pop-up menus:
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280
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281 @table @code
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282 @item font
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283 Font for menu item text.
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284 @item fontSet
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285 Fontset for menu item text.
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286 @item foreground
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287 Color of the foreground.
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288 @item background
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289 Color of the background.
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290 @item buttonForeground
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291 In the menu bar, the color of the foreground for a selected item.
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292 @item margin
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293 The margin of the menu bar, in characters. Default is 1.
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294 @end table
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295
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296 @node GTK resources
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297 @appendixsec GTK resources
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298
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299 The most common way to customize the GTK widgets Emacs uses (menus, dialogs
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300 tool bars and scroll bars) is by choosing an appropriate theme, for example
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301 with the GNOME theme selector. You can also do Emacs specific customization
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302 by inserting GTK style directives in the file @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}. Some GTK
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303 themes ignore customizations in @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc} so not everything
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304 works with all themes. To customize Emacs font, background, faces, etc., use
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305 the normal X resources (@pxref{Resources}). We will present some examples of
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306 customizations here, but for a more detailed description, see the online manual.
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307
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308 The first example is just one line. It changes the font on all GTK widgets
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309 to courier with size 12:
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310
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311 @smallexample
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312 gtk-font-name = "courier 12"
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313 @end smallexample
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314
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315 The thing to note is that the font name is not an X font name, like
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316 -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*, but a Pango font name. A Pango
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317 font name is basically of the format "family style size", where the style
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318 is optional as in the case above. A name with a style could be for example:
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319
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320 @smallexample
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321 gtk-font-name = "helvetica bold 10"
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322 @end smallexample
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323
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324 To customize widgets you first define a style and then apply the style to
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325 the widgets. Here is an example that sets the font for menus, but not
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326 for other widgets:
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327
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328 @smallexample
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329 # @r{Define the style @samp{menufont}.}
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330 style "menufont"
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331 @{
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332 font_name = "helvetica bold 14" # This is a Pango font name
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333 @}
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334
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335 # @r{Specify that widget type @samp{*emacs-menuitem*} uses @samp{menufont}.}
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336 widget "*emacs-menuitem*" style "menufont"
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337 @end smallexample
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338
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339 The widget name in this example contains wildcards, so the style will be
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340 applied to all widgets that match "*emacs-menuitem*". The widgets are
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341 named by the way they are contained, from the outer widget to the inner widget.
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342 So to apply the style "my_style" (not shown) with the full, absolute name, for
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343 the menubar and the scroll bar in Emacs we use:
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344
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345 @smallexample
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346 widget "Emacs.pane.menubar" style "my_style"
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347 widget "Emacs.pane.emacs.verticalScrollBar" style "my_style"
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348 @end smallexample
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349
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350 But to avoid having to type it all, wildcards are often used. @samp{*}
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351 matches zero or more characters and @samp{?} matches one character. So "*"
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352 matches all widgets.
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353
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354 Each widget has a class (for example GtkMenuItem) and a name (emacs-menuitem).
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355 You can assign styles by name or by class. In this example we have used the
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356 class:
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357
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358 @smallexample
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359 style "menufont"
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360 @{
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361 font_name = "helvetica bold 14"
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362 @}
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363
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364 widget_class "*GtkMenuBar" style "menufont"
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365 @end smallexample
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366
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367 @noindent
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368 The names and classes for the GTK widgets Emacs uses are:
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369
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370 @multitable {@code{verticalScrollbar plus}} {@code{GtkFileSelection} and some}
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371 @item @code{emacs-filedialog}
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372 @tab @code{GtkFileSelection}
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373 @item @code{emacs-dialog}
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374 @tab @code{GtkDialog}
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375 @item @code{Emacs}
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376 @tab @code{GtkWindow}
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377 @item @code{pane}
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378 @tab @code{GtkVHbox}
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379 @item @code{emacs}
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380 @tab @code{GtkFixed}
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381 @item @code{verticalScrollBar}
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382 @tab @code{GtkVScrollbar}
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383 @item @code{emacs-toolbar}
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384 @tab @code{GtkToolbar}
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385 @item @code{menubar}
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386 @tab @code{GtkMenuBar}
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387 @item @code{emacs-menuitem}
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388 @tab anything in menus
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389 @end multitable
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390
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391 GTK absolute names are quite strange when it comes to menus
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392 and dialogs. The names do not start with @samp{Emacs}, as they are
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393 free-standing windows and not contained (in the GTK sense) by the
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394 Emacs GtkWindow. To customize the dialogs and menus, use wildcards like this:
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395
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396 @smallexample
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397 widget "*emacs-dialog*" style "my_dialog_style"
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398 widget "*emacs-filedialog* style "my_file_style"
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399 widget "*emacs-menuitem* style "my_menu_style"
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400 @end smallexample
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401
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402 If you specify a customization in @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}, then it
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403 automatically applies only to Emacs, since other programs don't read
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404 that file. For example, the drop down menu in the file dialog can not
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405 be customized by any absolute widget name, only by an absolute class
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406 name. This is because the widgets in the drop down menu do not
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407 have names and the menu is not contained in the Emacs GtkWindow. To
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408 have all menus in Emacs look the same, use this in
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409 @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}:
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410
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411 @smallexample
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412 widget_class "*Menu*" style "my_menu_style"
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413 @end smallexample
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414
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415 Here is a more elaborate example, showing how to change the parts of
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416 the scroll bar:
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417
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Jan Djärv <jan.h.d@swipnet.se>
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418 @smallexample
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419 style "scroll"
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420 @{
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421 fg[NORMAL] = "red"@ @ @ @ @ # @r{The arrow color.}
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422 bg[NORMAL] = "yellow"@ @ # @r{The thumb and background around the arrow.}
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423 bg[ACTIVE] = "blue"@ @ @ @ # @r{The trough color.}
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424 bg[PRELIGHT] = "white"@ # @r{The thumb color when the mouse is over it.}
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425 @}
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426
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427 widget "*verticalScrollBar*" style "scroll"
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428 @end smallexample
70207
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Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
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429
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Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
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430 @ignore
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431 arch-tag: e1856f29-2482-42c0-a990-233cdccd1f21
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432 @end ignore