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annotate man/dired.texi @ 51577:f624d43a48fb
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author | Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> |
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date | Sun, 15 Jun 2003 21:46:53 +0000 |
parents | 09a72d736076 |
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rev | line source |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
39287 | 2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001 |
28126 | 3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Dired, Calendar/Diary, Rmail, Top | |
6 @chapter Dired, the Directory Editor | |
7 @cindex Dired | |
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8 @cindex file management |
25829 | 9 |
10 Dired makes an Emacs buffer containing a listing of a directory, and | |
11 optionally some of its subdirectories as well. You can use the normal | |
12 Emacs commands to move around in this buffer, and special Dired commands | |
13 to operate on the files listed. | |
14 | |
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15 The Dired buffer is ``read-only,'' and inserting text in it is not |
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16 useful, so ordinary printing characters such as @kbd{d} and @kbd{x} are |
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17 used for special Dired commands. Some Dired commands @dfn{mark} or |
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18 @dfn{flag} the @dfn{current file} (that is, the file on the current |
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19 line); other commands operate on the marked files or on the flagged |
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20 files. |
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21 |
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22 The Dired-X package provides various extra features for Dired mode. |
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23 @xref{Top, Dired-X,,dired-x, Dired Extra Version 2 User's Manual}. |
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24 |
25829 | 25 @menu |
26 * Enter: Dired Enter. How to invoke Dired. | |
38745 | 27 * Navigation: Dired Navigation. Special motion commands in the Dired buffer. |
25829 | 28 * Deletion: Dired Deletion. Deleting files with Dired. |
29 * Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names. | |
30 * Visit: Dired Visiting. Other file operations through Dired. | |
31 * Marks vs Flags:: Flagging for deletion vs marking. | |
32 * Operating on Files:: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc. | |
33 either one file or several files. | |
34 * Shell Commands in Dired:: Running a shell command on the marked files. | |
35 * Transforming File Names:: Using patterns to rename multiple files. | |
36 * Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired. | |
37 * Subdirectories in Dired:: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer. | |
38 * Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down. | |
39 * Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible. | |
40 * Updating: Dired Updating. Discarding lines for files of no interest. | |
41 * Find: Dired and Find. Using `find' to choose the files for Dired. | |
42 @end menu | |
43 | |
44 @node Dired Enter | |
45 @section Entering Dired | |
46 | |
47 @findex dired | |
48 @kindex C-x d | |
49 @vindex dired-listing-switches | |
50 To invoke Dired, do @kbd{C-x d} or @kbd{M-x dired}. The command reads | |
51 a directory name or wildcard file name pattern as a minibuffer argument | |
52 to specify which files to list. Where @code{dired} differs from | |
53 @code{list-directory} is in putting the buffer into Dired mode so that | |
54 the special commands of Dired are available. | |
55 | |
56 The variable @code{dired-listing-switches} specifies the options to | |
57 give to @code{ls} for listing directory; this string @emph{must} contain | |
58 @samp{-l}. If you use a numeric prefix argument with the @code{dired} | |
59 command, you can specify the @code{ls} switches with the minibuffer | |
60 before you enter the directory specification. | |
61 | |
62 @findex dired-other-window | |
63 @kindex C-x 4 d | |
64 @findex dired-other-frame | |
65 @kindex C-x 5 d | |
66 To display the Dired buffer in another window rather than in the | |
67 selected window, use @kbd{C-x 4 d} (@code{dired-other-window}) instead | |
68 of @kbd{C-x d}. @kbd{C-x 5 d} (@code{dired-other-frame}) uses a | |
69 separate frame to display the Dired buffer. | |
70 | |
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71 @node Dired Navigation |
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72 @section Navigation in the Dired Buffer |
25829 | 73 |
74 @kindex C-n @r{(Dired)} | |
75 @kindex C-p @r{(Dired)} | |
76 All the usual Emacs cursor motion commands are available in Dired | |
77 buffers. Some special-purpose cursor motion commands are also | |
78 provided. The keys @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} are redefined to put the | |
79 cursor at the beginning of the file name on the line, rather than at the | |
80 beginning of the line. | |
81 | |
82 @kindex SPC @r{(Dired)} | |
83 For extra convenience, @key{SPC} and @kbd{n} in Dired are equivalent | |
84 to @kbd{C-n}. @kbd{p} is equivalent to @kbd{C-p}. (Moving by lines is | |
85 so common in Dired that it deserves to be easy to type.) @key{DEL} | |
86 (move up and unflag) is often useful simply for moving up. | |
87 | |
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88 Some additional navigation commands are available when the Dired |
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89 buffer includes several directories. @xref{Subdirectory Motion}. |
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90 |
25829 | 91 @node Dired Deletion |
92 @section Deleting Files with Dired | |
93 @cindex flagging files (in Dired) | |
94 @cindex deleting files (in Dired) | |
95 | |
38745 | 96 One of the most frequent uses of Dired is to first @dfn{flag} files for |
97 deletion, then delete the files that were flagged. | |
25829 | 98 |
99 @table @kbd | |
100 @item d | |
101 Flag this file for deletion. | |
102 @item u | |
103 Remove deletion flag on this line. | |
104 @item @key{DEL} | |
105 Move point to previous line and remove the deletion flag on that line. | |
106 @item x | |
107 Delete the files that are flagged for deletion. | |
108 @end table | |
109 | |
110 @kindex d @r{(Dired)} | |
111 @findex dired-flag-file-deletion | |
112 You can flag a file for deletion by moving to the line describing the | |
113 file and typing @kbd{d} (@code{dired-flag-file-deletion}). The deletion flag is visible as a @samp{D} at | |
114 the beginning of the line. This command moves point to the next line, | |
115 so that repeated @kbd{d} commands flag successive files. A numeric | |
116 argument serves as a repeat count. | |
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117 |
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118 @cindex recursive deletion |
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119 @vindex dired-recursive-deletes |
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120 The variable @code{dired-recursive-deletes} controls whether the |
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121 delete command will delete non-empty directories (including their |
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122 contents). The default is to delete only empty directories. |
25829 | 123 |
124 @kindex u @r{(Dired deletion)} | |
125 @kindex DEL @r{(Dired)} | |
126 The files are flagged for deletion rather than deleted immediately to | |
127 reduce the danger of deleting a file accidentally. Until you direct | |
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128 Dired to delete the flagged files, you can remove deletion flags using |
25829 | 129 the commands @kbd{u} and @key{DEL}. @kbd{u} (@code{dired-unmark}) works |
130 just like @kbd{d}, but removes flags rather than making flags. | |
131 @key{DEL} (@code{dired-unmark-backward}) moves upward, removing flags; | |
132 it is like @kbd{u} with argument @minus{}1. | |
133 | |
134 @kindex x @r{(Dired)} | |
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135 @findex dired-do-flagged-delete |
25829 | 136 @cindex expunging (Dired) |
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137 To delete the flagged files, type @kbd{x} (@code{dired-do-flagged-delete}). |
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138 (This is also known as @dfn{expunging}.) |
25829 | 139 This command first displays a list of all the file names flagged for |
140 deletion, and requests confirmation with @kbd{yes}. If you confirm, | |
141 Dired deletes the flagged files, then deletes their lines from the text | |
142 of the Dired buffer. The shortened Dired buffer remains selected. | |
143 | |
144 If you answer @kbd{no} or quit with @kbd{C-g} when asked to confirm, you | |
145 return immediately to Dired, with the deletion flags still present in | |
146 the buffer, and no files actually deleted. | |
147 | |
148 @node Flagging Many Files | |
149 @section Flagging Many Files at Once | |
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150 @cindex flagging many files for deletion (in Dired) |
25829 | 151 |
152 @table @kbd | |
153 @item # | |
154 Flag all auto-save files (files whose names start and end with @samp{#}) | |
155 for deletion (@pxref{Auto Save}). | |
156 | |
157 @item ~ | |
158 Flag all backup files (files whose names end with @samp{~}) for deletion | |
159 (@pxref{Backup}). | |
160 | |
161 @item & | |
162 Flag for deletion all files with certain kinds of names, names that | |
163 suggest you could easily create the files again. | |
164 | |
165 @item .@: @r{(Period)} | |
166 Flag excess numeric backup files for deletion. The oldest and newest | |
167 few backup files of any one file are exempt; the middle ones are | |
168 flagged. | |
169 | |
170 @item % d @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
171 Flag for deletion all files whose names match the regular expression | |
172 @var{regexp}. | |
173 @end table | |
174 | |
175 The @kbd{#}, @kbd{~}, @kbd{&}, and @kbd{.} commands flag many files for | |
176 deletion, based on their file names. These commands are useful | |
177 precisely because they do not themselves delete any files; you can | |
178 remove the deletion flags from any flagged files that you really wish to | |
179 keep.@refill | |
180 | |
181 @kindex & @r{(Dired)} | |
182 @findex dired-flag-garbage-files | |
183 @vindex dired-garbage-files-regexp | |
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184 @cindex deleting some backup files |
25829 | 185 @kbd{&} (@code{dired-flag-garbage-files}) flags files whose names |
186 match the regular expression specified by the variable | |
187 @code{dired-garbage-files-regexp}. By default, this matches certain | |
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188 files produced by @TeX{}, @samp{.bak} files, and the @samp{.orig} and |
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189 @samp{.rej} files produced by @code{patch}. |
25829 | 190 |
191 @kindex # @r{(Dired)} | |
192 @findex dired-flag-auto-save-files | |
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193 @cindex deleting auto-save files |
25829 | 194 @kbd{#} (@code{dired-flag-auto-save-files}) flags for deletion all |
195 files whose names look like auto-save files (@pxref{Auto Save})---that | |
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196 is, files whose names begin and end with @samp{#}. |
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197 |
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198 @kindex ~ @r{(Dired)} |
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199 @findex dired-flag-backup-files |
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200 @kbd{~} (@code{dired-flag-backup-files}) flags for deletion all files |
38745 | 201 whose names say they are backup files (@pxref{Backup})---that is, files |
202 whose names end in @samp{~}. | |
25829 | 203 |
204 @kindex . @r{(Dired)} | |
205 @vindex dired-kept-versions | |
206 @findex dired-clean-directory | |
207 @kbd{.} (period, @code{dired-clean-directory}) flags just some of the | |
208 backup files for deletion: all but the oldest few and newest few backups | |
209 of any one file. Normally @code{dired-kept-versions} (@strong{not} | |
210 @code{kept-new-versions}; that applies only when saving) specifies the | |
211 number of newest versions of each file to keep, and | |
212 @code{kept-old-versions} specifies the number of oldest versions to | |
213 keep. | |
214 | |
215 Period with a positive numeric argument, as in @kbd{C-u 3 .}, | |
216 specifies the number of newest versions to keep, overriding | |
217 @code{dired-kept-versions}. A negative numeric argument overrides | |
218 @code{kept-old-versions}, using minus the value of the argument to | |
219 specify the number of oldest versions of each file to keep. | |
220 | |
221 @findex dired-flag-files-regexp | |
222 @kindex % d @r{(Dired)} | |
223 The @kbd{% d} command flags all files whose names match a specified | |
224 regular expression (@code{dired-flag-files-regexp}). Only the | |
225 non-directory part of the file name is used in matching. You can use | |
226 @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor matches. You can exclude subdirectories | |
227 by hiding them (@pxref{Hiding Subdirectories}). | |
228 | |
229 @node Dired Visiting | |
230 @section Visiting Files in Dired | |
231 | |
232 There are several Dired commands for visiting or examining the files | |
233 listed in the Dired buffer. All of them apply to the current line's | |
234 file; if that file is really a directory, these commands invoke Dired on | |
235 that subdirectory (making a separate Dired buffer). | |
236 | |
237 @table @kbd | |
238 @item f | |
239 @kindex f @r{(Dired)} | |
240 @findex dired-find-file | |
241 Visit the file described on the current line, like typing @kbd{C-x C-f} | |
242 and supplying that file name (@code{dired-find-file}). @xref{Visiting}. | |
243 | |
244 @item @key{RET} | |
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245 @itemx e |
25829 | 246 @kindex RET @r{(Dired)} |
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247 @kindex e @r{(Dired)} |
25829 | 248 Equivalent to @kbd{f}. |
249 | |
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250 @item a |
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251 @kindex a @r{(Dired)} |
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252 @findex dired-find-alternate-file |
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253 Like @kbd{f}, but replaces the contents of the Dired buffer with |
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254 that of an alternate file or directory (@code{dired-find-alternate-file}). |
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255 |
25829 | 256 @item o |
257 @kindex o @r{(Dired)} | |
258 @findex dired-find-file-other-window | |
259 Like @kbd{f}, but uses another window to display the file's buffer | |
260 (@code{dired-find-file-other-window}). The Dired buffer remains visible | |
261 in the first window. This is like using @kbd{C-x 4 C-f} to visit the | |
262 file. @xref{Windows}. | |
263 | |
264 @item C-o | |
265 @kindex C-o @r{(Dired)} | |
266 @findex dired-display-file | |
267 Visit the file described on the current line, and display the buffer in | |
268 another window, but do not select that window (@code{dired-display-file}). | |
269 | |
270 @item Mouse-2 | |
271 @findex dired-mouse-find-file-other-window | |
272 Visit the file named by the line you click on | |
273 (@code{dired-mouse-find-file-other-window}). This uses another window | |
274 to display the file, like the @kbd{o} command. | |
275 | |
276 @item v | |
277 @kindex v @r{(Dired)} | |
278 @findex dired-view-file | |
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279 View the file described on the current line, using either an external |
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280 viewing program or @kbd{M-x view-file} (@code{dired-view-file}). |
25829 | 281 |
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282 @vindex dired-view-command-alist |
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283 External viewers are used for certain file types under the control of |
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284 @code{dired-view-command-alist}. Viewing a file with @code{view-file} |
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285 is like visiting it, but is slanted toward moving around in the file |
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286 conveniently and does not allow changing the file. @xref{Misc File |
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287 Ops,View File, Miscellaneous File Operations}. |
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288 |
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289 @item ^ |
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290 @kindex ^ @r{(Dired)} |
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291 @findex dired-up-directory |
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292 Visit the parent directory of the current directory |
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293 (@code{dired-up-directory}). This is more convenient than moving to |
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294 the parent directory's line and typing @kbd{f} there. |
25829 | 295 @end table |
296 | |
297 @node Marks vs Flags | |
298 @section Dired Marks vs. Flags | |
299 | |
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300 @cindex marking many files (in Dired) |
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301 Instead of flagging a file with @samp{D}, you can @dfn{mark} the |
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302 file with some other character (usually @samp{*}). Most Dired |
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303 commands to operate on files use the files marked with @samp{*}, the |
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304 exception being @kbd{x} which deletes the flagged files. |
25829 | 305 |
306 Here are some commands for marking with @samp{*}, or for unmarking or | |
307 operating on marks. (@xref{Dired Deletion}, for commands to flag and | |
308 unflag files.) | |
309 | |
310 @table @kbd | |
311 @item m | |
312 @itemx * m | |
313 @kindex m @r{(Dired)} | |
314 @kindex * m @r{(Dired)} | |
315 @findex dired-mark | |
316 Mark the current file with @samp{*} (@code{dired-mark}). With a numeric | |
317 argument @var{n}, mark the next @var{n} files starting with the current | |
318 file. (If @var{n} is negative, mark the previous @minus{}@var{n} | |
319 files.) | |
320 | |
321 @item * * | |
322 @kindex * * @r{(Dired)} | |
323 @findex dired-mark-executables | |
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324 @cindex marking executable files (in Dired) |
25829 | 325 Mark all executable files with @samp{*} |
326 (@code{dired-mark-executables}). With a numeric argument, unmark all | |
327 those files. | |
328 | |
329 @item * @@ | |
330 @kindex * @@ @r{(Dired)} | |
331 @findex dired-mark-symlinks | |
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332 @cindex marking symlinks (in Dired) |
25829 | 333 Mark all symbolic links with @samp{*} (@code{dired-mark-symlinks}). |
334 With a numeric argument, unmark all those files. | |
335 | |
336 @item * / | |
337 @kindex * / @r{(Dired)} | |
338 @findex dired-mark-directories | |
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339 @cindex marking subdirectories (in Dired) |
25829 | 340 Mark with @samp{*} all files which are actually directories, except for |
341 @file{.} and @file{..} (@code{dired-mark-directories}). With a numeric | |
342 argument, unmark all those files. | |
343 | |
344 @item * s | |
345 @kindex * s @r{(Dired)} | |
346 @findex dired-mark-subdir-files | |
347 Mark all the files in the current subdirectory, aside from @file{.} | |
348 and @file{..} (@code{dired-mark-subdir-files}). | |
349 | |
350 @item u | |
351 @itemx * u | |
352 @kindex u @r{(Dired)} | |
353 @kindex * u @r{(Dired)} | |
354 @findex dired-unmark | |
355 Remove any mark on this line (@code{dired-unmark}). | |
356 | |
357 @item @key{DEL} | |
358 @itemx * @key{DEL} | |
359 @kindex * DEL @r{(Dired)} | |
360 @findex dired-unmark-backward | |
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361 @cindex unmarking files (in Dired) |
25829 | 362 Move point to previous line and remove any mark on that line |
363 (@code{dired-unmark-backward}). | |
364 | |
365 @item * ! | |
366 @kindex * ! @r{(Dired)} | |
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367 @findex dired-unmark-all-marks |
25829 | 368 Remove all marks from all the files in this Dired buffer |
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369 (@code{dired-unmark-all-marks}). |
25829 | 370 |
371 @item * ? @var{markchar} | |
372 @kindex * ? @r{(Dired)} | |
373 @findex dired-unmark-all-files | |
374 Remove all marks that use the character @var{markchar} | |
375 (@code{dired-unmark-all-files}). The argument is a single | |
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376 character---do not use @key{RET} to terminate it. See the description |
36507 | 377 of the @kbd{* c} command below, which lets you replace one mark |
378 character with another. | |
25829 | 379 |
380 With a numeric argument, this command queries about each marked file, | |
381 asking whether to remove its mark. You can answer @kbd{y} meaning yes, | |
382 @kbd{n} meaning no, or @kbd{!} to remove the marks from the remaining | |
383 files without asking about them. | |
384 | |
385 @item * C-n | |
386 @findex dired-next-marked-file | |
387 @kindex * C-n @r{(Dired)} | |
388 Move down to the next marked file (@code{dired-next-marked-file}) | |
389 A file is ``marked'' if it has any kind of mark. | |
390 | |
391 @item * C-p | |
392 @findex dired-prev-marked-file | |
393 @kindex * C-p @r{(Dired)} | |
394 Move up to the previous marked file (@code{dired-prev-marked-file}) | |
395 | |
396 @item * t | |
397 @kindex * t @r{(Dired)} | |
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398 @findex dired-toggle-marks |
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399 @cindex toggling marks (in Dired) |
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400 Toggle all marks (@code{dired-toggle-marks}): files marked with @samp{*} |
25829 | 401 become unmarked, and unmarked files are marked with @samp{*}. Files |
402 marked in any other way are not affected. | |
403 | |
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404 @item * c @var{old-markchar} @var{new-markchar} |
25829 | 405 @kindex * c @r{(Dired)} |
406 @findex dired-change-marks | |
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407 Replace all marks that use the character @var{old-markchar} with marks |
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408 that use the character @var{new-markchar} (@code{dired-change-marks}). |
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409 This command is the primary way to create or use marks other than |
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410 @samp{*} or @samp{D}. The arguments are single characters---do not use |
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411 @key{RET} to terminate them. |
25829 | 412 |
413 You can use almost any character as a mark character by means of this | |
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414 command, to distinguish various classes of files. If @var{old-markchar} |
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415 is a space (@samp{ }), then the command operates on all unmarked files; |
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416 if @var{new-markchar} is a space, then the command unmarks the files it |
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417 acts on. |
25829 | 418 |
419 To illustrate the power of this command, here is how to put @samp{D} | |
420 flags on all the files that have no marks, while unflagging all those | |
421 that already have @samp{D} flags: | |
422 | |
423 @example | |
424 * c D t * c SPC D * c t SPC | |
425 @end example | |
426 | |
36507 | 427 This assumes that no files were already marked with @samp{t}. |
25829 | 428 |
429 @item % m @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
430 @itemx * % @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
431 @findex dired-mark-files-regexp | |
432 @kindex % m @r{(Dired)} | |
433 @kindex * % @r{(Dired)} | |
434 Mark (with @samp{*}) all files whose names match the regular expression | |
435 @var{regexp} (@code{dired-mark-files-regexp}). This command is like | |
436 @kbd{% d}, except that it marks files with @samp{*} instead of flagging | |
437 with @samp{D}. @xref{Flagging Many Files}. | |
438 | |
439 Only the non-directory part of the file name is used in matching. Use | |
440 @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor matches. Exclude subdirectories by | |
441 hiding them (@pxref{Hiding Subdirectories}). | |
442 | |
443 @item % g @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
444 @findex dired-mark-files-containing-regexp | |
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445 @kindex % g @r{(Dired)} |
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446 @cindex finding files containing regexp matches (in Dired) |
25829 | 447 Mark (with @samp{*}) all files whose @emph{contents} contain a match for |
448 the regular expression @var{regexp} | |
449 (@code{dired-mark-files-containing-regexp}). This command is like | |
450 @kbd{% m}, except that it searches the file contents instead of the file | |
451 name. | |
452 | |
453 @item C-_ | |
454 @kindex C-_ @r{(Dired)} | |
455 @findex dired-undo | |
456 Undo changes in the Dired buffer, such as adding or removing | |
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457 marks (@code{dired-undo}). @emph{This command does not revert the |
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458 actual file operations, nor recover lost files!} It just undoes |
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459 changes in the buffer itself. For example, if used after renaming one |
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460 or more files, @code{dired-undo} restores the original names, which |
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461 will get the Dired buffer out of sync with the actual contents of the |
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462 directory. |
25829 | 463 @end table |
464 | |
465 @node Operating on Files | |
466 @section Operating on Files | |
467 @cindex operating on files in Dired | |
468 | |
469 This section describes the basic Dired commands to operate on one file | |
470 or several files. All of these commands are capital letters; all of | |
471 them use the minibuffer, either to read an argument or to ask for | |
472 confirmation, before they act. All of them give you several ways to | |
473 specify which files to manipulate: | |
474 | |
475 @itemize @bullet | |
476 @item | |
477 If you give the command a numeric prefix argument @var{n}, it operates | |
478 on the next @var{n} files, starting with the current file. (If @var{n} | |
479 is negative, the command operates on the @minus{}@var{n} files preceding | |
480 the current line.) | |
481 | |
482 @item | |
483 Otherwise, if some files are marked with @samp{*}, the command operates | |
484 on all those files. | |
485 | |
486 @item | |
487 Otherwise, the command operates on the current file only. | |
488 @end itemize | |
489 | |
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490 @vindex dired-dwim-target |
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491 @cindex two directories (in Dired) |
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492 Commands which ask for a destination directory, such as those which |
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493 copy and rename files or create links for them, try to guess the default |
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494 target directory for the operation. Normally, they suggest the Dired |
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495 buffer's default directory, but if the variable @code{dired-dwim-target} |
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496 is non-@code{nil}, and if there is another Dired buffer displayed in the |
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497 next window, that other buffer's directory is suggested instead. |
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498 |
25829 | 499 Here are the file-manipulating commands that operate on files in this |
500 way. (Some other Dired commands, such as @kbd{!} and the @samp{%} | |
501 commands, also use these conventions to decide which files to work on.) | |
502 | |
503 @table @kbd | |
504 @findex dired-do-copy | |
505 @kindex C @r{(Dired)} | |
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506 @cindex copying files (in Dired) |
25829 | 507 @item C @var{new} @key{RET} |
508 Copy the specified files (@code{dired-do-copy}). The argument @var{new} | |
509 is the directory to copy into, or (if copying a single file) the new | |
510 name. | |
511 | |
512 @vindex dired-copy-preserve-time | |
513 If @code{dired-copy-preserve-time} is non-@code{nil}, then copying with | |
514 this command sets the modification time of the new file to be the same | |
515 as that of the old file. | |
516 | |
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517 @vindex dired-recursive-copies |
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518 @cindex recursive copying |
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519 The variable @code{dired-recursive-copies} controls whether |
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520 directories are copied recursively. The default is to not copy |
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521 recursively, which means that directories cannot be copied. |
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522 |
25829 | 523 @item D |
524 @findex dired-do-delete | |
525 @kindex D @r{(Dired)} | |
526 Delete the specified files (@code{dired-do-delete}). Like the other | |
527 commands in this section, this command operates on the @emph{marked} | |
528 files, or the next @var{n} files. By contrast, @kbd{x} | |
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529 (@code{dired-do-flagged-delete}) deletes all @dfn{flagged} files. |
25829 | 530 |
531 @findex dired-do-rename | |
532 @kindex R @r{(Dired)} | |
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533 @cindex renaming files (in Dired) |
25829 | 534 @item R @var{new} @key{RET} |
535 Rename the specified files (@code{dired-do-rename}). The argument | |
536 @var{new} is the directory to rename into, or (if renaming a single | |
537 file) the new name. | |
538 | |
539 Dired automatically changes the visited file name of buffers associated | |
540 with renamed files so that they refer to the new names. | |
541 | |
542 @findex dired-do-hardlink | |
543 @kindex H @r{(Dired)} | |
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544 @cindex hard links (in Dired) |
25829 | 545 @item H @var{new} @key{RET} |
546 Make hard links to the specified files (@code{dired-do-hardlink}). The | |
547 argument @var{new} is the directory to make the links in, or (if making | |
548 just one link) the name to give the link. | |
549 | |
550 @findex dired-do-symlink | |
551 @kindex S @r{(Dired)} | |
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552 @cindex symlinks (in Dired) |
25829 | 553 @item S @var{new} @key{RET} |
554 Make symbolic links to the specified files (@code{dired-do-symlink}). | |
555 The argument @var{new} is the directory to make the links in, or (if | |
556 making just one link) the name to give the link. | |
557 | |
558 @findex dired-do-chmod | |
559 @kindex M @r{(Dired)} | |
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560 @cindex changing file permissions (in Dired) |
25829 | 561 @item M @var{modespec} @key{RET} |
562 Change the mode (also called ``permission bits'') of the specified files | |
563 (@code{dired-do-chmod}). This uses the @code{chmod} program, so | |
564 @var{modespec} can be any argument that @code{chmod} can handle. | |
565 | |
566 @findex dired-do-chgrp | |
567 @kindex G @r{(Dired)} | |
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568 @cindex changing file group (in Dired) |
25829 | 569 @item G @var{newgroup} @key{RET} |
570 Change the group of the specified files to @var{newgroup} | |
571 (@code{dired-do-chgrp}). | |
572 | |
573 @findex dired-do-chown | |
574 @kindex O @r{(Dired)} | |
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575 @cindex changing file owner (in Dired) |
25829 | 576 @item O @var{newowner} @key{RET} |
577 Change the owner of the specified files to @var{newowner} | |
578 (@code{dired-do-chown}). (On most systems, only the superuser can do | |
579 this.) | |
580 | |
581 @vindex dired-chown-program | |
582 The variable @code{dired-chown-program} specifies the name of the | |
583 program to use to do the work (different systems put @code{chown} in | |
584 different places). | |
585 | |
586 @findex dired-do-print | |
587 @kindex P @r{(Dired)} | |
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588 @cindex printing files (in Dired) |
25829 | 589 @item P @var{command} @key{RET} |
590 Print the specified files (@code{dired-do-print}). You must specify the | |
591 command to print them with, but the minibuffer starts out with a | |
592 suitable guess made using the variables @code{lpr-command} and | |
593 @code{lpr-switches} (the same variables that @code{lpr-buffer} uses; | |
594 @pxref{Hardcopy}). | |
595 | |
596 @findex dired-do-compress | |
597 @kindex Z @r{(Dired)} | |
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598 @cindex compressing files (in Dired) |
25829 | 599 @item Z |
600 Compress the specified files (@code{dired-do-compress}). If the file | |
601 appears to be a compressed file already, it is uncompressed instead. | |
602 | |
603 @findex dired-do-load | |
604 @kindex L @r{(Dired)} | |
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605 @cindex loading several files (in Dired) |
25829 | 606 @item L |
607 Load the specified Emacs Lisp files (@code{dired-do-load}). | |
608 @xref{Lisp Libraries}. | |
609 | |
610 @findex dired-do-byte-compile | |
611 @kindex B @r{(Dired)} | |
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612 @cindex byte-compiling several files (in Dired) |
25829 | 613 @item B |
614 Byte compile the specified Emacs Lisp files | |
615 (@code{dired-do-byte-compile}). @xref{Byte Compilation,, Byte | |
616 Compilation, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
617 | |
618 @kindex A @r{(Dired)} | |
619 @findex dired-do-search | |
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620 @cindex search multiple files (in Dired) |
25829 | 621 @item A @var{regexp} @key{RET} |
622 Search all the specified files for the regular expression @var{regexp} | |
623 (@code{dired-do-search}). | |
624 | |
625 This command is a variant of @code{tags-search}. The search stops at | |
626 the first match it finds; use @kbd{M-,} to resume the search and find | |
627 the next match. @xref{Tags Search}. | |
628 | |
629 @kindex Q @r{(Dired)} | |
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630 @findex dired-do-query-replace-regexp |
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631 @cindex search and replace in multiple files (in Dired) |
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632 @item Q @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} |
25829 | 633 Perform @code{query-replace-regexp} on each of the specified files, |
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634 replacing matches for @var{regexp} with the string |
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635 @var{to} (@code{dired-do-query-replace-regexp}). |
25829 | 636 |
637 This command is a variant of @code{tags-query-replace}. If you exit the | |
638 query replace loop, you can use @kbd{M-,} to resume the scan and replace | |
639 more matches. @xref{Tags Search}. | |
640 @end table | |
641 | |
642 @kindex + @r{(Dired)} | |
643 @findex dired-create-directory | |
644 One special file-operation command is @kbd{+} | |
645 (@code{dired-create-directory}). This command reads a directory name and | |
646 creates the directory if it does not already exist. | |
647 | |
648 @node Shell Commands in Dired | |
649 @section Shell Commands in Dired | |
650 @cindex shell commands, Dired | |
651 | |
652 @findex dired-do-shell-command | |
653 @kindex ! @r{(Dired)} | |
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654 @kindex X @r{(Dired)} |
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655 The Dired command @kbd{!} (@code{dired-do-shell-command}) reads a shell |
25829 | 656 command string in the minibuffer and runs that shell command on all the |
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657 specified files. @kbd{X} is a synonym for @kbd{!}. You can specify the |
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658 files to operate on in the usual ways for Dired commands |
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659 (@pxref{Operating on Files}). There are two ways of applying a shell |
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660 command to multiple files: |
25829 | 661 |
662 @itemize @bullet | |
663 @item | |
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664 If you use @samp{*} surrounded by whitespace in the shell command, |
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665 then the command runs just once, with the list of file names |
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666 substituted for the @samp{*}. The order of file names is the order of |
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667 appearance in the Dired buffer. |
25829 | 668 |
669 Thus, @kbd{! tar cf foo.tar * @key{RET}} runs @code{tar} on the entire | |
670 list of file names, putting them into one tar file @file{foo.tar}. | |
671 | |
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672 If you want to use @samp{*} as a shell wildcard with whitespace around |
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673 it, write @samp{*""}. In the shell, this is equivalent to @samp{*}; |
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674 but since the @samp{*} is not surrounded by whitespace, Dired does |
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675 not treat it specially. |
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676 |
25829 | 677 @item |
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678 If the command string doesn't contain @samp{*} surrounded by |
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679 whitespace, then it runs once @emph{for each file}. Normally the file |
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680 name is added at the end. |
25829 | 681 |
682 For example, @kbd{! uudecode @key{RET}} runs @code{uudecode} on each | |
683 file. | |
684 | |
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685 @item |
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686 If the command string contains @samp{?} surrounded by whitespace, the |
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687 current file name is substituted for @samp{?}. You can use @samp{?} |
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688 this way more than once in the command, and each occurrence is |
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689 replaced. For instance, here is how to uuencode each file, making the |
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690 output file name by appending @samp{.uu} to the input file name: |
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691 |
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692 @example |
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693 uuencode ? ? > ?.uu |
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694 @end example |
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695 @end itemize |
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696 |
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697 To iterate over the file names in a more complicated fashion, use an |
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698 explicit shell loop. For example, this shell command is another way |
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699 to uuencode each file: |
25829 | 700 |
701 @example | |
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702 for file in * ; do uuencode "$file" "$file" >"$file".uu; done |
25829 | 703 @end example |
704 | |
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705 @noindent |
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706 This simple example doesn't require a shell loop (you can do it |
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707 with @samp{?}, but it illustrates the technique. |
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708 |
25829 | 709 The working directory for the shell command is the top-level directory |
710 of the Dired buffer. | |
711 | |
712 The @kbd{!} command does not attempt to update the Dired buffer to show | |
713 new or modified files, because it doesn't really understand shell | |
714 commands, and does not know what files the shell command changed. Use | |
715 the @kbd{g} command to update the Dired buffer (@pxref{Dired | |
716 Updating}). | |
717 | |
718 @node Transforming File Names | |
719 @section Transforming File Names in Dired | |
720 | |
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721 This section describes Dired commands which alter file names in a |
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722 systematic way. |
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723 |
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724 Like the basic Dired file-manipulation commands (@pxref{Operating on |
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725 Files}), the commands described here operate either on the next |
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726 @var{n} files, or on all files marked with @samp{*}, or on the current |
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727 file. (To mark files, use the commands described in @ref{Marks vs |
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728 Flags}.) |
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729 |
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730 All of the commands described in this section work |
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731 @emph{interactively}: they ask you to confirm the operation for each |
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732 candidate file. Thus, you can select more files than you actually |
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733 need to operate on (e.g., with a regexp that matches many files), and |
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734 then refine the selection by typing @kbd{y} or @kbd{n} when the |
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735 command prompts for confirmation. |
25829 | 736 |
737 @table @kbd | |
738 @findex dired-upcase | |
739 @kindex % u @r{(Dired)} | |
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740 @cindex upcase file names |
25829 | 741 @item % u |
742 Rename each of the selected files to an upper-case name | |
743 (@code{dired-upcase}). If the old file names are @file{Foo} | |
744 and @file{bar}, the new names are @file{FOO} and @file{BAR}. | |
745 | |
746 @item % l | |
747 @findex dired-downcase | |
748 @kindex % l @r{(Dired)} | |
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749 @cindex downcase file names |
25829 | 750 Rename each of the selected files to a lower-case name |
751 (@code{dired-downcase}). If the old file names are @file{Foo} and | |
752 @file{bar}, the new names are @file{foo} and @file{bar}. | |
753 | |
754 @item % R @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
755 @kindex % R @r{(Dired)} | |
756 @findex dired-do-rename-regexp | |
757 @itemx % C @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
758 @kindex % C @r{(Dired)} | |
759 @findex dired-do-copy-regexp | |
760 @itemx % H @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
761 @kindex % H @r{(Dired)} | |
762 @findex dired-do-hardlink-regexp | |
763 @itemx % S @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
764 @kindex % S @r{(Dired)} | |
765 @findex dired-do-symlink-regexp | |
766 These four commands rename, copy, make hard links and make soft links, | |
767 in each case computing the new name by regular-expression substitution | |
768 from the name of the old file. | |
769 @end table | |
770 | |
771 The four regular-expression substitution commands effectively perform | |
772 a search-and-replace on the selected file names in the Dired buffer. | |
773 They read two arguments: a regular expression @var{from}, and a | |
774 substitution pattern @var{to}. | |
775 | |
776 The commands match each ``old'' file name against the regular | |
777 expression @var{from}, and then replace the matching part with @var{to}. | |
778 You can use @samp{\&} and @samp{\@var{digit}} in @var{to} to refer to | |
779 all or part of what the pattern matched in the old file name, as in | |
780 @code{replace-regexp} (@pxref{Regexp Replace}). If the regular expression | |
781 matches more than once in a file name, only the first match is replaced. | |
782 | |
783 For example, @kbd{% R ^.*$ @key{RET} x-\& @key{RET}} renames each | |
784 selected file by prepending @samp{x-} to its name. The inverse of this, | |
785 removing @samp{x-} from the front of each file name, is also possible: | |
786 one method is @kbd{% R ^x-\(.*\)$ @key{RET} \1 @key{RET}}; another is | |
787 @kbd{% R ^x- @key{RET} @key{RET}}. (Use @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor | |
788 matches that should span the whole filename.) | |
789 | |
790 Normally, the replacement process does not consider the files' | |
791 directory names; it operates on the file name within the directory. If | |
792 you specify a numeric argument of zero, then replacement affects the | |
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793 entire absolute file name including directory name. (Non-zero |
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794 argument specifies the number of files to operate on.) |
25829 | 795 |
796 Often you will want to select the set of files to operate on using the | |
797 same @var{regexp} that you will use to operate on them. To do this, | |
798 mark those files with @kbd{% m @var{regexp} @key{RET}}, then use the | |
799 same regular expression in the command to operate on the files. To make | |
800 this easier, the @kbd{%} commands to operate on files use the last | |
801 regular expression specified in any @kbd{%} command as a default. | |
802 | |
803 @node Comparison in Dired | |
804 @section File Comparison with Dired | |
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805 @cindex file comparison (in Dired) |
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806 @cindex compare files (in Dired) |
25829 | 807 |
808 Here are two Dired commands that compare specified files using | |
809 @code{diff}. | |
810 | |
811 @table @kbd | |
812 @item = | |
813 @findex dired-diff | |
814 @kindex = @r{(Dired)} | |
815 Compare the current file (the file at point) with another file (the file | |
816 at the mark) using the @code{diff} program (@code{dired-diff}). The | |
817 file at the mark is the first argument of @code{diff}, and the file at | |
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818 point is the second argument. Use @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} |
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819 (@code{set-mark-command}) to set the mark at the first file's line |
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820 (@pxref{Setting Mark}), since @code{dired-diff} ignores the files marked |
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821 with the Dired's @kbd{m} command. |
25829 | 822 |
823 @findex dired-backup-diff | |
824 @kindex M-= @r{(Dired)} | |
825 @item M-= | |
826 Compare the current file with its latest backup file | |
827 (@code{dired-backup-diff}). If the current file is itself a backup, | |
828 compare it with the file it is a backup of; this way, you can compare | |
829 a file with any backup version of your choice. | |
830 | |
831 The backup file is the first file given to @code{diff}. | |
832 @end table | |
833 | |
834 @node Subdirectories in Dired | |
835 @section Subdirectories in Dired | |
836 @cindex subdirectories in Dired | |
837 @cindex expanding subdirectories in Dired | |
838 | |
839 A Dired buffer displays just one directory in the normal case; | |
840 but you can optionally include its subdirectories as well. | |
841 | |
842 The simplest way to include multiple directories in one Dired buffer is | |
843 to specify the options @samp{-lR} for running @code{ls}. (If you give a | |
844 numeric argument when you run Dired, then you can specify these options | |
845 in the minibuffer.) That produces a recursive directory listing showing | |
846 all subdirectories at all levels. | |
847 | |
848 But usually all the subdirectories are too many; usually you will | |
849 prefer to include specific subdirectories only. You can do this with | |
850 the @kbd{i} command: | |
851 | |
852 @table @kbd | |
853 @findex dired-maybe-insert-subdir | |
854 @kindex i @r{(Dired)} | |
855 @item i | |
856 @cindex inserted subdirectory (Dired) | |
857 @cindex in-situ subdirectory (Dired) | |
858 Insert the contents of a subdirectory later in the buffer. | |
859 @end table | |
860 | |
861 Use the @kbd{i} (@code{dired-maybe-insert-subdir}) command on a line | |
862 that describes a file which is a directory. It inserts the contents of | |
863 that directory into the same Dired buffer, and moves there. Inserted | |
864 subdirectory contents follow the top-level directory of the Dired | |
865 buffer, just as they do in @samp{ls -lR} output. | |
866 | |
867 If the subdirectory's contents are already present in the buffer, the | |
868 @kbd{i} command just moves to it. | |
869 | |
870 In either case, @kbd{i} sets the Emacs mark before moving, so @kbd{C-u | |
871 C-@key{SPC}} takes you back to the old position in the buffer (the line | |
872 describing that subdirectory). | |
873 | |
874 Use the @kbd{l} command (@code{dired-do-redisplay}) to update the | |
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875 subdirectory's contents. Use @kbd{C-u k} on the subdirectory header |
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876 line to delete the subdirectory. @xref{Dired Updating}. |
25829 | 877 |
878 @node Subdirectory Motion | |
879 @section Moving Over Subdirectories | |
880 | |
881 When a Dired buffer lists subdirectories, you can use the page motion | |
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882 commands @kbd{C-x [} and @kbd{C-x ]} to move by entire directories |
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883 (@pxref{Pages}). |
25829 | 884 |
885 @cindex header line (Dired) | |
886 @cindex directory header lines | |
887 The following commands move across, up and down in the tree of | |
888 directories within one Dired buffer. They move to @dfn{directory header | |
889 lines}, which are the lines that give a directory's name, at the | |
890 beginning of the directory's contents. | |
891 | |
892 @table @kbd | |
893 @findex dired-next-subdir | |
894 @kindex C-M-n @r{(Dired)} | |
895 @item C-M-n | |
896 Go to next subdirectory header line, regardless of level | |
897 (@code{dired-next-subdir}). | |
898 | |
899 @findex dired-prev-subdir | |
900 @kindex C-M-p @r{(Dired)} | |
901 @item C-M-p | |
902 Go to previous subdirectory header line, regardless of level | |
903 (@code{dired-prev-subdir}). | |
904 | |
905 @findex dired-tree-up | |
906 @kindex C-M-u @r{(Dired)} | |
907 @item C-M-u | |
908 Go up to the parent directory's header line (@code{dired-tree-up}). | |
909 | |
910 @findex dired-tree-down | |
911 @kindex C-M-d @r{(Dired)} | |
912 @item C-M-d | |
913 Go down in the directory tree, to the first subdirectory's header line | |
914 (@code{dired-tree-down}). | |
915 | |
916 @findex dired-prev-dirline | |
917 @kindex < @r{(Dired)} | |
918 @item < | |
919 Move up to the previous directory-file line (@code{dired-prev-dirline}). | |
920 These lines are the ones that describe a directory as a file in its | |
921 parent directory. | |
922 | |
923 @findex dired-next-dirline | |
924 @kindex > @r{(Dired)} | |
925 @item > | |
926 Move down to the next directory-file line (@code{dired-prev-dirline}). | |
927 @end table | |
928 | |
929 @node Hiding Subdirectories | |
930 @section Hiding Subdirectories | |
931 | |
932 @cindex hiding in Dired (Dired) | |
933 @dfn{Hiding} a subdirectory means to make it invisible, except for its | |
934 header line, via selective display (@pxref{Selective Display}). | |
935 | |
936 @table @kbd | |
937 @item $ | |
938 @findex dired-hide-subdir | |
939 @kindex $ @r{(Dired)} | |
940 Hide or reveal the subdirectory that point is in, and move point to the | |
941 next subdirectory (@code{dired-hide-subdir}). A numeric argument serves | |
942 as a repeat count. | |
943 | |
944 @item M-$ | |
945 @findex dired-hide-all | |
946 @kindex M-$ @r{(Dired)} | |
947 Hide all subdirectories in this Dired buffer, leaving only their header | |
948 lines (@code{dired-hide-all}). Or, if any subdirectory is currently | |
949 hidden, make all subdirectories visible again. You can use this command | |
950 to get an overview in very deep directory trees or to move quickly to | |
951 subdirectories far away. | |
952 @end table | |
953 | |
954 Ordinary Dired commands never consider files inside a hidden | |
955 subdirectory. For example, the commands to operate on marked files | |
956 ignore files in hidden directories even if they are marked. Thus you | |
957 can use hiding to temporarily exclude subdirectories from operations | |
958 without having to remove the markers. | |
959 | |
960 The subdirectory hiding commands toggle; that is, they hide what was | |
961 visible, and show what was hidden. | |
962 | |
963 @node Dired Updating | |
964 @section Updating the Dired Buffer | |
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965 @cindex updating Dired buffer |
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966 @cindex refreshing displayed files |
25829 | 967 |
968 This section describes commands to update the Dired buffer to reflect | |
969 outside (non-Dired) changes in the directories and files, and to delete | |
970 part of the Dired buffer. | |
971 | |
972 @table @kbd | |
973 @item g | |
974 Update the entire contents of the Dired buffer (@code{revert-buffer}). | |
975 | |
976 @item l | |
977 Update the specified files (@code{dired-do-redisplay}). | |
978 | |
979 @item k | |
980 Delete the specified @emph{file lines}---not the files, just the lines | |
981 (@code{dired-do-kill-lines}). | |
982 | |
983 @item s | |
984 Toggle between alphabetical order and date/time order | |
985 (@code{dired-sort-toggle-or-edit}). | |
986 | |
987 @item C-u s @var{switches} @key{RET} | |
988 Refresh the Dired buffer using @var{switches} as | |
989 @code{dired-listing-switches}. | |
990 @end table | |
991 | |
992 @kindex g @r{(Dired)} | |
993 @findex revert-buffer @r{(Dired)} | |
994 Type @kbd{g} (@code{revert-buffer}) to update the contents of the | |
995 Dired buffer, based on changes in the files and directories listed. | |
996 This preserves all marks except for those on files that have vanished. | |
997 Hidden subdirectories are updated but remain hidden. | |
998 | |
999 @kindex l @r{(Dired)} | |
1000 @findex dired-do-redisplay | |
1001 To update only some of the files, type @kbd{l} | |
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1002 (@code{dired-do-redisplay}). Like the Dired file-operating commands, |
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1003 this command operates on the next @var{n} files (or previous |
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1004 @minus{}@var{n} files), or on the marked files if any, or on the |
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1005 current file. Updating the files means reading their current status, |
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1006 then updating their lines in the buffer to indicate that status. |
25829 | 1007 |
1008 If you use @kbd{l} on a subdirectory header line, it updates the | |
1009 contents of the corresponding subdirectory. | |
1010 | |
1011 @kindex k @r{(Dired)} | |
1012 @findex dired-do-kill-lines | |
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1013 To delete the specified @emph{file lines} from the buffer---not |
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1014 delete the files---type @kbd{k} (@code{dired-do-kill-lines}). Like |
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1015 the file-operating commands, this command operates on the next @var{n} |
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1016 files, or on the marked files if any; but it does not operate on the |
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1017 current file as a last resort. |
25829 | 1018 |
1019 If you kill the line for a file that is a directory, the directory's | |
1020 contents are also deleted from the buffer. Typing @kbd{C-u k} on the | |
1021 header line for a subdirectory is another way to delete a subdirectory | |
1022 from the Dired buffer. | |
1023 | |
1024 The @kbd{g} command brings back any individual lines that you have | |
1025 killed in this way, but not subdirectories---you must use @kbd{i} to | |
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1026 reinsert a subdirectory. |
25829 | 1027 |
1028 @cindex Dired sorting | |
1029 @cindex sorting Dired buffer | |
1030 @kindex s @r{(Dired)} | |
1031 @findex dired-sort-toggle-or-edit | |
1032 The files in a Dired buffers are normally listed in alphabetical order | |
1033 by file names. Alternatively Dired can sort them by date/time. The | |
1034 Dired command @kbd{s} (@code{dired-sort-toggle-or-edit}) switches | |
1035 between these two sorting modes. The mode line in a Dired buffer | |
1036 indicates which way it is currently sorted---by name, or by date. | |
1037 | |
1038 @kbd{C-u s @var{switches} @key{RET}} lets you specify a new value for | |
1039 @code{dired-listing-switches}. | |
1040 | |
1041 @node Dired and Find | |
1042 @section Dired and @code{find} | |
1043 @cindex @code{find} and Dired | |
1044 | |
1045 You can select a set of files for display in a Dired buffer more | |
1046 flexibly by using the @code{find} utility to choose the files. | |
1047 | |
1048 @findex find-name-dired | |
1049 To search for files with names matching a wildcard pattern use | |
1050 @kbd{M-x find-name-dired}. It reads arguments @var{directory} and | |
1051 @var{pattern}, and chooses all the files in @var{directory} or its | |
1052 subdirectories whose individual names match @var{pattern}. | |
1053 | |
1054 The files thus chosen are displayed in a Dired buffer in which the | |
1055 ordinary Dired commands are available. | |
1056 | |
1057 @findex find-grep-dired | |
1058 If you want to test the contents of files, rather than their names, | |
1059 use @kbd{M-x find-grep-dired}. This command reads two minibuffer | |
1060 arguments, @var{directory} and @var{regexp}; it chooses all the files in | |
1061 @var{directory} or its subdirectories that contain a match for | |
1062 @var{regexp}. It works by running the programs @code{find} and | |
1063 @code{grep}. See also @kbd{M-x grep-find}, in @ref{Compilation}. | |
1064 Remember to write the regular expression for @code{grep}, not for Emacs. | |
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1065 (An alternative method of showing files whose contents match a given |
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1066 regexp is the @kbd{% g @var{regexp}} command, see @ref{Marks vs Flags}.) |
25829 | 1067 |
1068 @findex find-dired | |
1069 The most general command in this series is @kbd{M-x find-dired}, which | |
1070 lets you specify any condition that @code{find} can test. It takes two | |
1071 minibuffer arguments, @var{directory} and @var{find-args}; it runs | |
1072 @code{find} in @var{directory}, passing @var{find-args} to tell | |
1073 @code{find} what condition to test. To use this command, you need to | |
1074 know how to use @code{find}. | |
1075 | |
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1076 @findex locate |
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1077 @findex locate-with-filter |
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1078 @cindex file database (locate) |
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1079 @vindex locate-command |
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1080 @kbd{M-x locate} provides a similar interface to the @code{locate} |
38156 | 1081 program. @kbd{M-x locate-with-filter} is similar, but keeps only lines |
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1082 matching a given regular expression. |
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1083 |
25829 | 1084 @vindex find-ls-option |
1085 The format of listing produced by these commands is controlled by the | |
1086 variable @code{find-ls-option}, whose default value specifies using | |
1087 options @samp{-ld} for @code{ls}. If your listings are corrupted, you | |
1088 may need to change the value of this variable. |