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annotate etc/tutorials/TUTORIAL.pl @ 110969:f8cb84d0e6ee

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src/makefile.w32-in: Simplify OBJ macros. * makefile.w32-in (TLIB2): Rename from TLIBW32. (OBJ2): New macro. (WIN32OBJ, FONTOBJ): Remove. (OBJ1): Redistribute object files with OBJ2. (LIBS, $(TEMACS)): Use TLIB2. (make-buildobj-CMD, make-buildobj-SH): Use OBJ2. ($(TLIB2), TAGS, TAGS-LISP, TAGS-gmake): Depend on OBJ2.
author Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
date Thu, 14 Oct 2010 01:08:58 +0200 (2010-10-13)
parents 1d1d5d9bd884
children 376148b31b5e
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 Kr�tki samouczek Emacsa. Warunki kopiowania znajduj� sie na ko�cu pliku.
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2
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3 Polecenia Emacsa wymagaj� na og鶻 wci�ni�cia klawisza CONTROL (oznaczanego
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4 czasami Ctrl lub CTL) lub klawisza META (oznaczanego czasami EDIT
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5 albo ALT). Dalej b�dziemy stosowa� nast�puj�ce skr�ty:
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6
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7 C-<znak> oznacza przytrzymanie klawisza CONTROL przy naciskaniu
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8 klawisza <znak>. Na przyk�ad C-f b�dzie odpowiada�o
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9 naci�ni�ciu f przy wci�ni�tym klawiszu CONTROL.
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10 M-<znak> oznacza przytrzymanie klawisza META lub ALT przy naciskaniu
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11 klawisza <znak>. Zamiast tego mo�na nacisn掩 i pu�ci� klawisz
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12 ESC, a potem nacisn掩 klawisz <znak>.
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13
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14 Uwaga: aby zako�czy� sesj� Emacsa, naci�nij C-x C-c (kolejno dwa znaki).
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15 Znaki ">>" na lewym marginesie oznaczaj� w dalszej cz蟠ci tego samouczka
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16 �wiczenia dla Ciebie. Na przyk�ad:
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17 <<Blank lines inserted around following line by help-with-tutorial>>
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18 [Dodatkowe odst�py zosta�y zrobione w celach dydaktycznych.]
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19 >> Teraz naci�nij C-v (nast�pny ekran), aby przej倶 na nast�pny ekran
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20 samouczka (zr�b to naciskaj�c jednocze�nie klawisze CONTROL i v).
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21 Od tego momentu powiniene� robi� to zawsze, gdy dojdziesz
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22 do ko�ca ekranu.
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23
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24 Zwr黽 uwag� na to, �e kilka linii si� powtarza, gdy przechodzisz z
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25 ekranu na nast�pny; ma to zapewni� wra�enie ci�g�o�ci podczas przesuwania
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26 si� w obr�bie pliku.
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27
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28 Pierwsz� umiej�tno�ci�, kt�ra powiniene� opanowa�, jest spos�b
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29 przesuwania si� z miejsca na miejsce. Wiesz ju�, jak przesuwa� si�
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30 o jeden ekran do przodu. Aby przesun掩 si� o jeden ekran do ty�u,
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31 wci�nij kombinacj� klawiszy M-v (to znaczy wci�nij i przytrzymaj
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32 klawisz META lub Alt i jednocze�nie naci�nij v albo naci�nij kolejno
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33 klawisze <ESC> v, je�li nie masz klawisza META lub Alt).
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34
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35 >> Spr�buj nacisn掩 M-v, a potem C-v, by przesun掩 si� w prz�d i w ty�
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36 kilka razy.
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37
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38
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39 PODSUMOWANIE
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40 ------------
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41
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42 Nast�puj�ce polecenia s�u娠 do przegl�dania tekstu po jednym ekranie:
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43
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44 C-v Przesu� si� o jeden ekran do przodu
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45 M-v Przesu� si� o jeden ekran do ty�u
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46 C-l Wyczy倶 ekran i wy�wietl go na nowo, umieszczaj�c
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47 tekst z okolic kursora w �rodku ekranu.
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48 (Ta kombinacja to CONTROL-L, a nie CONTROL-1.)
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49
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50 >> Znajd� kursor i zapami�taj, jaki tekst jest w jego pobli�u.
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51 Naci�nij nast�pnie C-l.
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52 Znajd� kursor jeszcze raz i zwr黽 uwag�, �e znajduje si� on
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53 w pobli�u tego samego tekstu.
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54
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55 Mo�esz tak�e u�y� klawiszy PageUp i PageDn, je�li s� dost�pne na
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56 Twojej klawiaturze, do przemieszczania si� mi�dzy stronami, ale u�ycie
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57 C-v i M-v jest bardziej efektywne.
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58
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59 PODSTAWY KIEROWANIA KURSOREM
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60 ----------------------------
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61
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62 Przesuwanie si� z ekranu na ekran jest u�yteczne, ale jak przej倶 do
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63 okre�lonego miejsca w obr�bie jednego ekranu?
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64
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65 Mo�na to zrobi� na kilka sposob�w. Najprostszym jest u�ycie polece�
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66 C-p, C-b, C-f oraz C-n. Ka�de z nich przesuwa kursor o jeden wiersz
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67 albo kolumn� w okre�lonym kierunku. Oto schemat, kt�ry to obrazuje:
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68
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69 Poprzednia linia, C-p
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70 (ang. previous line)
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71 :
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72 :
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73 Do ty�u, C-b .... Kursor .... Do przodu, C-f
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74 (ang. back) : (ang. forward)
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75 :
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76 :
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77 Nast�pna linia, C-n
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78 (ang. next line)
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79
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80 >> Przesu� kursor na �rodek tego schematu za pomoc� C-n lub C-p.
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81 Potem naci�nij C-l, by zobaczy� ca�y diagram na �rodku ekranu.
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82
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83 To s� podstawowe polecenia kieruj�ce po�o�eniem kursora, kt�rych
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84 b�dziesz u�ywa� bardzo cz�sto, warto wi�c je zapami�ta�.
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85
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86 >> Naci�nij kilka razy C-n, by przesun掩 kursor do tej linii.
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87
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88 >> Przesu� si� w g咳b linii za pomoc� C-f, a potem do g�ry za pomoc�
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89 C-p. Zwr黽 uwag� na zachowanie si� C-p, gdy kursor jest w �rodku
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90 linii.
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91
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92 Ka�da linia tekstu ko�czy si� znakiem nowej linii, kt�ry oddziela j�
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93 od nast�pnej. Ka�dy Tw�j plik powinien si� ko�czy� znakiem nowej
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94 linii (ale Emacs tego nie wymaga).
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95
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96 >> Spr�buj nacisn掩 C-b na pocz�tku linii. Powinno Ci� to przenie倶
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97 na koniec poprzedniej linii. Dzieje si� tak dlatego, �e kursor
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98 przechodzi w�wczas nad znakiem nowej linii.
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99
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100 C-f przechodzi nad znakiem nowej linii tak samo jak C-b.
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101
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102 >> Naci�nij kilka razy C-b i obserwuj po�o�enie kursora.
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103 Naciskaj potem C-f, by wr�ci� na koniec linii. W ko�cu naci�nij
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104 jeszcze raz C-f, by przej倶 do nast�pnej linii.
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105
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106 Gdy przesuwasz kursor poza doln� kraw�d� ekranu, tekst po�o�ony
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107 za kraw�dzi� przesuwa si� na ekran (ang. scrolling). Dzi�ki temu
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108 Emacs mo�e przesun掩 kursor do okre�lonego miejsca bez umieszczania
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109 go poza ekranem.
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110
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111 >> Spr�buj przesun掩 kursor poza doln� granic� ekranu za pomoc� C-n
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112 i zobacz, co si� stanie.
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113
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114 Je�li przesuwanie si� o jeden znak na raz jest dla Ciebie zbyt wolne,
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115 to spr�buj przesuwa� si� o s�owa. M-f (Meta-f) przesuwa kursor o s�owo
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116 do przodu, a M-b przesuwa go o s�owo do ty�u.
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117
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118 >> Naci�nij kilka razy M-f i M-b.
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119
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120 Gdy jeste� w �rodku s�owa, to M-f przesuwa kursor na jego koniec.
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121 Je�li natomiast jeste� w przerwie miedzy s�owami, to M-f przesuwa
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122 kursor na koniec nast�pnego s�owa. M-b zachowuje si� podobnie
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123 dla ruchu do ty�u.
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124
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125 >> Naci�nij M-f i M-b kilka razy na przemian z C-f i C-b, tak by�
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126 m�g� zauwa�y� dzia�anie M-f i M-b naci�ni�tych w r鷽nych miejscach
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127 wewn�trz i mi�dzy s�owami.
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128
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129 Zauwa� podobie�stwo mi�dzy C-f i C-b oraz M-f i M-b. Bardzo cz�sto
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130 kombinacje zawieraj�ce Meta (Alt) oznaczaj� operacje zwi�zane
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parents:
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131 z jednostkami j�zykowymi (s�owa, zdania, akapity), podczas gdy
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132 kombinacje z klawiszem Control dzia�aj� na jednostkach podstawowych,
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parents:
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133 niezale�nych od tego, co edytujesz (znaki, linie, itd.).
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134
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135 Oto zale�no倶, kt�ra stosuje si� do linii i zda�: C-a i C-e przesuwaj�
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136 kursor na pocz�tek i koniec linii, a M-a i M-e przesuwaj� go na pocz�tek
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parents:
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137 i koniec zdania.
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138
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139 >> Naci�nij kilka razy C-a, a potem kilka razy C-e.
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140 Powt�rz to z M-a, a potem z M-e.
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141
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parents:
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142 Czy zauwa�y�e�, �e powtarzanie C-a nic nie zmienia, natomiast powt�rne
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parents:
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143 M-a przesuwa Ci� o jedno zdanie? Chocia� nie ma tu pe�nej analogii,
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parents:
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144 wydaje si� to jednak naturalne.
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145
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parents:
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146 Po�o�enie kursora w tek�cie jest okre�lane mianem "punktu".
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147
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148 Oto podsumowanie prostych polece� s�u娠cych do przesuwania kursora,
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parents:
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149 w咳cznie z operacjami dotycz�cymi s鞄w i zda�:
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150
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151 C-f Do przodu o jeden znak
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152 C-b Do ty�u o jeden znak
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153
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154 M-f Do przodu o s�owo
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155 M-b Do ty�u o s�owo
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156
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157 C-n Nast�pna linia
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158 C-p Poprzednia linia
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159
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160 C-a Pocz�tek linii
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161 C-e Koniec linii
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162
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163 M-a Do ty�u na pocz�tek zdania
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164 M-e Do przodu na koniec zdania
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165
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parents:
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166 >> Prze�wicz kilka razy dla wprawy wszystkie powy�sze polecenia.
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parents:
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167 Nale娠 one do najcz蟠ciej u�ywanych.
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168
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169 Dwa inne wa�ne polecenia przesuwaj�ce kursor to M-< (Meta lub Alt
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170 i znak mniejszo�ci), kt�re przesuwa kursor na pocz�tek ca�ego tekstu
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parents:
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171 i M-> (Meta lub Alt i znak wi�kszo�ci), kt�re przesuwa kursor na koniec
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172 ca�ego tekstu.
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173
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174 Na wi�kszo�ci klawiatur "<" jest nad przecinkiem, musisz wi�c u�y�
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175 klawisza Shift, by nacisn掩 "<", i podobnie musisz u�y� klawisza Shift,
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parents:
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176 by nacisn掩 M-<. Bez Shift uzyska�by� M-przecinek.
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177
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178 >> Naci�nij M-<, by przej倶 na pocz�tek samouczka, a potem kilka razy
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179 u�yj C-v, by powr�ci� do tego miejsca.
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180
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181 >> Teraz naci�nij M->, by przej倶 na koniec samouczka, i wr黽 do tego
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parents:
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182 miejsca za pomoc� kilkakrotnego M-v.
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183
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184 Je�li Twoja klawiatura ma klawisze strza�ek, to mo�esz ich u�y� do
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parents:
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185 przesuwania kursora. Radzimy Ci nauczy� si� si� kombinacji C-b, C-f,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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186 C-n i C-p z trzech powod�w. Po pierwsze, dzia�aj� one na wszystkich
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187 typach terminali. Po drugie, gdy ju� zdob�dziesz pewn� praktyk� w
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parents:
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188 pos�ugiwaniu si� Emacsem, to b�dzie Ci szybciej nacisn掩 te kombinacje
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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189 ni� klawisze strza�ek (poniewa� nie wymaga to przenoszenia d�oni z
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parents:
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190 miejsca, kt�re zajmuj� podczas szybkiego pisania za pomoc� 10 palc�w).
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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191 Po trzecie wreszcie, gdy ju� wyrobisz sobie zwyczaj pos�ugiwania si�
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parents:
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192 tymi poleceniami z klawiszem Control, to �atwo przyjdzie Ci nauczy� si�
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parents:
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193 bardziej zaawansowanych polece� przesuwaj�cych kursor.
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194
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195 Wi�kszo倶 polece� Emacsa akceptuje argument liczbowy; dla wi�kszo�ci
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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196 polece� oznacza on liczb� powt�rze�. Aby okre�li� liczb� powt�rze�
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parents:
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197 polecenia, powiniene� je poprzedzi� naci�ni�ciem C-u a potem cyfr.
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198 Je�li masz na klawiaturze klawisz META (lub EDIT albo ALT), to
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199 alternatywnym sposobem wprowadzenia argumentu liczbowego jest u�ycie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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200 tego klawisza i wciskanie cyfr argumentu. Radzimy jednak przyswoi�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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201 sobie metod� z klawiszem C-u, poniewa� dzia�a ona na wszystkich
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parents:
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202 terminalach.
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203
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204 Na przyk�ad C-u 8 C-f przesuwa kursor do przodu o osiem znak�w.
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205
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parents:
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206 >> Spr�buj u�y� C-n i C-p z argumentem liczbowym, by przesun掩 kursor
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parents:
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207 do jednej z linii w pobli�u tego zdania za pomoc� tylko jednego
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parents:
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208 polecenia.
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parents:
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209
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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210 Wi�kszo倶 polece� u�ywa argumentu liczbowego jako liczby powt�rze�.
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parents:
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211 Jest kilka polece�, kt�re u�ywaj� go w inny spos�b. Do takich wyj�tk�w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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212 nale娠 C-v i M-v. Je�li poda si� im argument, to przesuwaj� zawarto倶
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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213 ekranu w g�r� lub w d鶻 o podan� liczb� linii zamiast o tyle� ekran�w.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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214 Na przyk�ad C-u 4 C-v przewija ekran o 4 linie.
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215
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parents:
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216 >> Spr�buj nacisn掩 C-u 8 C-v.
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217
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parents:
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218 To powinno by�o przewin掩 ekran do g�ry o 8 linii. Je�li chcia�by�
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parents:
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219 przewin掩 ekran w d鶻, to powiniene� poda� argument przed poleceniem M-v.
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parents:
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220
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221 Je�li pracujesz w systemie z okienkowym trybem graficznym, jak X11
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222 lub MS-Windows, to prawdopodobnie po lewej stronie okna Emacsa znajduje
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parents:
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223 si� prostok�tny obszar nazywany po angielsku "scrollbar", a po polsku
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parents:
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224 suwakiem. Za jego pomoc� mo�esz przewija� tekst, u�ywaj�c do tego myszy.
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parents:
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225
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226 >> Spr�buj nacisn掩 �rodkowy klawisz myszy u g�ry pod�wietlonego
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parents:
diff changeset
227 obszaru na suwaku. To powinno przewin掩 tekst do miejsca
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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228 okre�lonego przez wysoko倶, na kt�rej nacisn嘘e� klawisz myszy.
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229
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230 >> Przesu� mysz do miejsca oddalonego od g�rnego ko�ca suwaka o mniej
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parents:
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231 wi�cej trzy linie i naci�nij lewy klawisz myszy kilka razy.
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parents:
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232
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233
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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234 * GDY EMACS JEST ZABLOKOWANY
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parents:
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235 ----------------------------
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236
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237 Je�li Emacs przestaje odpowiada� na Twoje polecenia, to mo�esz go
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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238 bezpiecznie zatrzyma�, przyciskaj�c C-g. Klawisza C-g mo�esz te� u�y� do
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parents:
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239 przerwania polecenia, kt�re zabiera zbyt wiele czasu.
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parents:
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240
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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241 Mo�esz tak�e u�y� C-g do anulowania argumentu liczbowego albo pocz�tku
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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242 polecenia, kt�rego nie zamierzasz doko�czy�.
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parents:
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243
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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244 >> Napisz C-u 100 jako argument liczbowy, po czym naci�nij C-g.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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245 Teraz naci�nij C-f. Powinno to przesun掩 kursor zaledwie o
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parents:
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246 jeden znak, poniewa� argument liczbowy anulowa�e� za pomoc� C-g.
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247
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248 Za pomoc� klawisza C-g mo�esz te� anulowa� skutki omy�kowego
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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249 wci�ni�cia klawisza <ESC>.
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250
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251
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parents:
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252 * ZABLOKOWANE POLECENIA
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253 -----------------------
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254
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255 Pewne polecenia Emacsa s� ,,zablokowane'' -- po to, by pocz�tkuj�cy
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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256 u�ytkownicy nie mogli ich wywo�a� przez przypadek.
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257
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258 Je�li wywo�asz jedno z zablokowanych polece�, to Emacs wypisze komunikat
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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259 informuj�cy o tym, co to za polecenie, i zapyta Ci�, czy istotnie chcesz
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parents:
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260 je wywo�a�.
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parents:
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261
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262 Je�li naprawd� chcesz wywo�a� to polecenie, to odpowiedz na pytanie,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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263 naciskaj�c spacj�. Je�li nie chcesz wywo�a� zablokowanego polecenia,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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264 to na pytanie odpowiedz, naciskaj�c n.
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265
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266 >> Napisz `C-x C-l' (co jest zablokowanym poleceniem) i odpowiedz n
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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267 na zadane pytanie.
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268
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269
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270 * OKNA
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271 ------
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272
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273 Emacs mo�e mie� otwartych kilka okien, z kt�rych ka�de wy�wietla
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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274 w�asny tekst. Poj�cie ,,okna'', je�li chodzi o Emacsa, nie odnosi
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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275 si� do osobnego okienka systemu okienkowego, lecz do pojedynczego
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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276 panelu wewn�trz okienka systemowego. (Emacs mo�e te� pracowa�
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parents:
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277 na kilku oknach systemowych (X-oknach); w terminologii Emacsa
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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278 nazywaj� si� one ramkami. Opisane jest to poni�ej.)
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279
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parents:
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280 Na tym etapie lepiej jest si� nie zag滑bia� w techniki wykorzystuj�ce
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parents:
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281 kilka okien. Powiniene� jedynie wiedzie�, w jaki spos�b pozby� si�
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parents:
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282 nadmiaru okien, kt�re mog� si� pojawi� w wyniku wywo�ania Emacsowego
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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283 systemu pomocy albo niekt�rych polece�. Robi si� to w prosty spos�b:
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284
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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285 C-x 1 Jedno okno (tzn. zlikwiduj wszystkie pozosta�e okna).
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286
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287 Kombinacja ta to klawisz Control-x, po kt�rym wyst�puje cyfra 1.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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288 Powi�ksza ona okno, w kt�rym jest kursor tak, by wype�ni�o ono ekran,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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289 kasuj�c zarazem pozosta�e okna Emacsa.
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290
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291 >> Przesu� kursor do tej linii i naci�nij C-u 0 C-l.
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292
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293 (C-l, jak pami�tasz od�wie�a zawarto倶 ekranu. Je�li temu poleceniu
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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294 poda si� argument liczbowy, to b�dzie to oznacza�o ,,od�wie� zawarto倶
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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295 ekranu i umie倶 bie娠ca lini� o tyle linii od g�ry ekranu''. Tak wi�c,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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296 C-u 0 C-1 oznacza ,,od�wie� ekran, umieszczaj�c bie娠ca lini� na samej
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parents:
diff changeset
297 g�rze''.)
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298
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299 >> Naci�nij Control-x 2
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300 Zauwa�, �e okno si� kurczy, a jednocze�nie pojawia si� nowe,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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301 wy�wietlaj�ce ten sam tekst.
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302
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303 >> Naci�nij C-x 1, a nowe okno zniknie.
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304
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305
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
306 * WSTAWIANIE I USUWANIE
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307 -----------------------
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308
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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309 Je�li chcesz wstawi� nowy tekst, to po prostu go napisz. Znaki, kt�re da
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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310 si� wy�wietli�, takie jak A, 7, *, itd., Emacs traktuje jako tekst i
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
311 natychmiast wstawia do dotychczasowego tekstu. Aby wstawi� znak nowej
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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312 linii, trzeba nacisn掩 klawisz <Return> (na maszynach do pisania tak
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parents:
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313 oznacza�o si� znak powrotu karetki).
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314
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315 Ostatnio napisany znak mo�esz skasowa�, naciskaj�c klawisz <Delback>.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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316 Chodzi tu o klawisz, kt�rego normalnie u�ywasz do skasowania ostatnio
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
diff changeset
317 napisanego znaku. Na wi�kszo�ci klawiatur wyr鷽nia si� on wielko�ci�,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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318 le�y nad klawiszem <Return> i jest oznaczony napisem "Delete", "Del"
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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319 albo "Backspace".
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320
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
321 Je�li masz na klawiaturze klawisz oznaczony "Backspace", to w�a�nie on
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
322 jest wspomnianym <Delback>. Opr�cz niego mo�e jeszcze wyst�powa�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
diff changeset
323 klawisz oznaczony s�owem "Delete", ale to nie on pe�ni rol� <Delback>.
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parents:
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324
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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325 M�wi�c bardziej og�lnie, <Delback> usuwa znak bezpo�rednio
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
326 poprzedzaj�cy bie娠c� pozycj� kursora.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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327
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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328 >> Sprawd� to teraz: wstaw kilka znak�w, po czym usu� je, kilka razy
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
diff changeset
329 naciskaj�c <Delback>. Nie martw si�, �e zmieniasz w ten spos�b
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
330 niniejszy plik, w istocie nie zmieniasz g鞄wnego pliku samouczka.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
331 Pracujesz teraz na jego kopii.
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parents:
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332
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
333 Gdy linia tekstu staje si� zbyt d�uga, by zmie�ci� si� w jednym
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
334 wierszu ekranu, to jest ona ,,kontynuowana'' w wierszu nast�pnym.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
diff changeset
335 Znak ,,backslash'' (`\') (albo - je�li pracujesz w okienkowym
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
336 trybie graficznym - zagi�ta strza�ka) umieszczony na prawym marginesie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
337 wskazuje, �e dana linia jest kontynuowana w nast�pnym wierszu ekranu.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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338
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
339 >> Wpisuj jaki� tekst tak d�ugo, a� dojdziesz do prawego marginesu, i
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
340 potem nie przestawaj. Zauwa�ysz, �e pojawi si� linia kontynuacji.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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341
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
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342 >> U�yj klawisza <Delback>, by usun掩 znaki tekstu, tak by linia znowu
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
343 mie�ci�a si� na ekranie; linia kontynuacji zniknie.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
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parents:
diff changeset
344
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
345 Znak nowej linii mo�na skasowa� tak jak ka�dy inny znak. Usuni�cie znaku
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
346 nowej linii mi�dzy dwiema liniami spowoduje ich po咳czenie. Je�li powsta�a
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
347 w wyniku tego linia tekstu jest zbyt d�uga, by zmie�ci� si� na szeroko倶
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
348 ekranu, to zostanie wy�wietlona z lini� kontynuacji.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
349
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
350 >> Przesu� kursor na pocz�tek linii i naci�nij <Delback>. Bie娠ca
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
351 linia zostanie po咳czona z poprzedni�.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
352
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
353 >> Naci�nij <Return>, by z powrotem wstawi� znak nowej linii, kt�ry
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
354 skasowa�e�.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
355
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
356 Jak ju� wiesz, wi�kszo倶 polece� Emacsa mo�na wywo�a� z parametrem
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
357 liczby powt�rze�; dotyczy to tak�e znak�w tekstu. Argument liczbowy
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
358 powoduje wstawienie znaku odpowiadaj�c� mu liczb� razy.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
359
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
360 >> Wypr�buj to teraz -- naci�nij C-u 8 *, a uzyskasz ********.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
361
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
362 Nauczy�e� si� ju� wi�kszej cz蟠ci podstawowych sposob�w pisania oraz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
363 poprawiania b滑d�w. W Emacsie mo�esz usuwa� r�wnie� ca�e s�owa lub
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
364 linie. Oto podsumowanie operacji usuwania znak�w:
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
365
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
366 <Delback> usu� znak bezpo�rednio przed kursorem
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
367 C-d usu� znak bezpo�rednio za kursorem
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
368
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
369 M-<Delback> wytnij s�owo bezpo�rednio przed kursorem
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
370 M-d wytnij s�owo bezpo�rednio za kursorem
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
371
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
372 C-k wytnij zawarto倶 linii od kursora do jej ko�ca
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
373 M-k wytnij wszystkie znaki od kursora do ko�ca zdania
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
374
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
375 Warto zauwa�y�, �e stosunek <Delete> i C-d do M-<Delete> i M-d
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
376 rozszerza analogi� wyst�puj�c� w zestawieniu C-f i M-f (<Delete> tak
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
377 naprawd� nie jest znakiem steruj�cym, ale nie jest to tutaj
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
378 istotne). C-k i M-k s� podobne do C-e i M-e w tym sensie, �e linie s�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
379 odpowiednikami zda�.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
380
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
381
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
382 Oto metoda wycinania cz蟠ci tekstu. Umie倶 kursor na pocz�tku fragmentu,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
383 kt�ry chcesz wyci掩, i naci�nij C-@ lub C-SPC (SPC-spacja). Teraz przejd�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
384 na drugi koniec wybranego fragmentu i naci�nij C-w. To wytnie ca�y tekst
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
385 zawarty mi�dzy punktami pocz�tkowym i ko�cowym.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
386
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
387 >> Przesu� kursor na liter� O na pocz�tku poprzedniego paragrafu.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
388
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
389 >> Naci�nij C-SPC. Emacs wy�wietli "Mark set" (znacznik ustawiony)
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
390 na dole ekranu.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
391
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
392 >> Przesu� kursor do litery o w s�owie ,,kursor'' w drugim zdaniu.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
393
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
394 >> Naci�nij C-w. Ta komenda wytnie ca�y fragment zaczynaj�cy si� od O,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
395 a ko�cz�cy tu� przed o.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
396
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
397 Gdy usuwasz wi�cej ni� jeden znak naraz, Emacs zachowuje usuni�ty
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
398 tekst po to, by m�g� go z powrotem gdzie� wstawi�. Wstawianie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
399 usuni�tego tekstu nazywa si� ,,wklejaniem''. Usuni�ty tekst
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
400 mo�esz wklei� zar�wno w to samo miejsce, z kt�rego zosta� usuni�ty,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
401 b�d� te� w inne miejsca. Ten sam tekst mo�esz wklei� wielokrotnie,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
402 w celu uzyskania wielu kopii. Poleceniem wklejenia tekstu jest C-y.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
403
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
404 Zauwa� r鷽nic� mi�dzy ,,wycinaniem'' i ,,usuwaniem'', polegaj�c� na tym,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
405 �e rzeczy wyci�te mo�na na nowo wkleja�, usuni�tych natomiast wkleja� nie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
406 mo�na. Na og鶻 polecenia Emacsa, kt�re kasuj� du�o tekstu, zachowuj� go,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
407 podczas gdy polecenia, kt�re po prostu kasuj� jeden znak albo puste
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
408 linie lub odst�py, skasowanego tekstu nie zachowuj�.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
409
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
410 >> Przesu� kursor na pocz�tek linii, kt�ra nie jest pusta. Naci�nij
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
411 C-k, by wyci掩 tekst z tej linii.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
412
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
413 >> Naci�nij C-k jeszcze raz. Zauwa�, �e wycina to znak nowej linii,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
414 kt�ry znajduje si� za ta lini�.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
415
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
416 Zwr黽 uwag�, �e pojedyncze C-k wycina zawarto倶 linii, a powt�rne C-k
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
417 wycina sam� lini�, tak �e pozosta�e linie przesuwaj� si� do g�ry. C-k
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
418 traktuje argument liczbowy w spos�b specjalny: wycina ono tyle linii,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
419 ile wynosi warto倶 argumentu, ORAZ ich zawarto倶. To nie jest jedynie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
420 powt�rzenie kilka razy C-k. C-u 2 C-k wycina dwie linie wraz z ich
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
421 znakami nowej linii; dwukrotne naci�niecie C-k nie zrobi�oby tego.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
422
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
423 By odzyska� ostatnio wyci�ty tekst i wstawi� go w miejsce kursora,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
424 naci�nij C-y.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
425
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
426 >> Twoja kolej. Naci�nij C-y, by z powrotem wstawi� tekst.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
427
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
428 Zwr黽 uwag�, �e je�li naci�niesz C-k kilka razy z rz�du, to ca�y wyci�ty
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
429 tekst zostanie zachowywany w jednym kawa�ku, tak �e pojedyncze C-y wklei
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
430 wszystkie linie.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
431
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
432 >> Naci�nij C-k kilka razy.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
433
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
434 A by odzyska� ten wyci�ty tekst...
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
435
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
436 >> ...naci�nij C-y. Przesu� potem kursor o kilka linii w d鶻 i
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
437 naci�nij C-y jeszcze raz. Widzisz, �e wstawia to ten sam tekst.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
438
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
439 Co zrobi�, je�li chcesz wstawi� tekst, kt�ry wcze�niej wyci嘘e�,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
440 a potem wycinasz co� innego? C-y wstawia tekst ostatnio wyci�ty.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
441 Poprzedni fragment nie jest jednak stracony. Mo�esz do niego wr�ci�,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
442 u�ywaj�c polecenia M-y. Naciskaj�c C-y, wstawiasz tekst ostatnio
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
443 wyci�ty, a naciskaj�c M-y, zast�pujesz ten tekst wyci�tym uprzednio.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
444 Dalsze naciskanie M-y przywo�uje coraz wcze�niejsze fragmenty tekstu.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
445 Gdy dojdziesz do tekstu, kt�rego szuka�e�, po prostu kontynuuj edycj�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
446 tekstu, pozostawiaj�c wklejony tekst tam, gdzie si� znajduje.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
447
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
448 Naciskaj�c M-y wystarczaj�co wiele razy, dojdziesz do punktu,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
449 z kt�rego wystartowa�e� (czyli tekstu wyci�tego ostatnio).
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
450
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
451 >> Wytnij jak蔚 lini�, zmie� pozycj� kursora i wytnij inn�. Naci�nij
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
452 potem C-y, by wstawi� drug� z wyci�tych linii. Potem naci�nij M-y
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
453 i linia ta zostanie zast�piona przez t� pierwsz�. Naci�nij M-y
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
454 jeszcze kilka razy, by zobaczy�, co si� dzieje. Powtarzaj to a�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
455 do ponownego pojawienia si� drugiej z linii. Mo�esz te� wypr�bowa�,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
456 co si� stanie, gdy polecenie M-y poprzedzisz argumentem dodatnim
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
457 albo ujemnym.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
458
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
459
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
460 * COFNIJ
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
461 --------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
462
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
463 Je�li wprowadzisz zmiany do tekstu, a potem dojdziesz do wniosku, �e
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
464 to by�a pomy�ka, to mo�esz cofn掩 zmiany, wydaj�c polecenie ,,cofnij''
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
465 (ang. undo), C-x u.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
466
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
467 C-x u cofa zmiany wprowadzone przez jedno polecenie; je�li powt�rzysz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
468 C-x u kilka razy z rz�du, to ka�de powt�rzenie cofa kolejne polecenie.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
469
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
470 Od tej regu�y s� dwa wyj�tki: polecenia, kt�re nie zmieniaj� tekstu nie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
471 licz� si� jako polecenia, kt�re mo�na wycofa� (dotyczy to zar�wno
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
472 przesuni裝 kursora, jak i przewijania tekstu), oraz znaki wstawiane do
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
473 tekstu (np. litery) 咳czone s� w grupy do 20. (Redukuje to liczb�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
474 naci�ni裝 C-x u, kt�re musia�by� wykona�, by wycofa� si� z niechcianych
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
475 zmian.)
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
476
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
477 >> Wytnij t� lini� za pomoc� C-k, a potem naci�nij C-x u; linia
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
478 powinna si� pojawi� ponownie.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
479
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
480 C-_ jest innym sposobem wywo�ania polecenia "cofnij"; dzia�a to
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
481 dok�adnie tak samo jak C-x u, jest jednak �atwiejsze do naci�ni�cia
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
482 kilka razy z rz�du. Wad� kombinacji C-_ jest to, �e nie jest oczywiste
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
483 w jaki spos�b j� uzyska� na niekt�rych klawiaturach. To w�a�nie dlatego
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
484 dost�pna jest te� kombinacja C-x u. Na niekt�rych terminalach mo�esz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
485 nacisn掩 C-_ poprzez przytrzymanie Ctrl i naci�ni�cie /.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
486
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
487 Argument liczbowy podany przed C-_ lub C-x u okre�la liczb� powt�rze�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
488 tego polecenia.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
489
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
490
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
491 * PLIKI
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
492 -------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
493
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
494 Aby edytowany przez Ciebie tekst zosta� na trwa�e zachowany, musisz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
495 umie�ci� go w pliku. Je�li tego nie zrobisz, to tekst zniknie, gdy
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
496 zamkni�ty zostanie Emacs, za pomoc� kt�rego go edytowa�e�. Aby zachowa�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
497 tekst w pliku, najpierw musisz ten plik ,,znale惹'', i to zanim
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
498 zaczniesz wprowadza� tekst. Czynno倶 znajdowania pliku (ang. "file
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
499 finding") bywa te� nazywana ,,odwiedzaniem pliku'' (ang. "file
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
500 visiting").
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
501
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
502 Odwiedzanie pliku w Emacsie powoduje wy�wietlenie jego zawarto�ci.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
503 Bardzo cz�sto jest to pocz�tek edycji pliku. Jednak�e zmiany, kt�re
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
504 wprowadzasz do pliku, nie s� w nim utrwalone, zanim go nie ,,zachowasz''
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
505 (ang. save). Ma to zapobiec pozostawieniu w systemie pliku, kt�ry zosta�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506 zmieniony tylko w po�owie, a tego chcesz unikn掩. Gdy zachowujesz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
507 zmieniony plik, Emacs zostawia orygina� (pod inna nazw�) na wypadek,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
508 gdyby� doszed� do wniosku, �e wprowadzone zmiany by�y b滑dne.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
509
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510 Je�li popatrzysz na d鶻 ekranu, to zauwa�ysz lini�, kt�ra zaczyna si�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
511 i ko�czy my�lnikami, a zawiera tekst ,,TUTORIAL''. W tej
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
512 cz蟠ci ekranu zawsze mo�esz znale惹 nazw� pliku, kt�ry w�a�nie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
513 odwiedzasz. W tej chwili odwiedzasz plik o nazwie TUTORIAL, kt�ry
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
514 jest Twoj� w�asn� kopi� samouczka Emacsa. Oboj�tnie, kt�ry plik
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
515 odwiedzisz, w�a�nie w tym miejscu pojawi si� jego nazwa.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
517 Polecenia s�u娠ce do odwiedzania i zachowywania plik�w r鷽ni� si�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518 od innych polece�, kt�re ju� pozna�e�, tym, �e sk�adaj� si� z dw�ch
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
519 znak�w. Obydwa zaczynaj� si� od znaku Control-x. Jest mn�stwo
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520 polece�, kt�re zaczynaj� si� od tego w�a�nie znaku; wiele z nich
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
521 dotyczy plik�w, bufor�w oraz rzeczy z nimi zwi�zanych. Polecenia
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
522 te maj� d�ugo倶 dw�ch, trzech lub czterech znak�w.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
524 Kolejn� nowo�ci� odno�nie polecenia odwiedzania pliku jest to, �e
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
525 musisz mu poda� nazw� pliku, kt�ry chcesz znale惹. M�wimy o tym, �e
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
526 polecenie ,,czyta argument z terminala'' (w tym wypadku argument jest
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
527 nazw� pliku). Po wpisaniu polecenia
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
528
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
529 C-x C-f znajd� plik (ang. find a file)
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
530
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
531 Emacs poprosi Ci� o wpisanie nazwy pliku. Pojawia si� ona w dolnej linii
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
532 ekranu. Gdy ta linia jest u�ywana do wprowadzania tego typu danych,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
533 nazywa si� j� ,,minibuforem'' (ang. "minibuffer"). Do edycji nazwy pliku
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
534 w minibuforze mo�esz u�ywa� zwyk�ych polece� Emacsa.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
535
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
536 Wprowadzanie nazwy pliku (lub jakichkolwiek innych danych w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
537 minibuforze) mo�na anulowa� klawiszem C-g.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
538
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
539 >> Naci�nij C-x C-f, po czym naci�nij C-g. Na skutek tego zniknie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
540 minibufor oraz przerwane zostanie wykonanie polecenia C-x C-f, kt�re
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
541 tego minibufora u�ywa�o. W rezultacie nie odwiedzisz �adnego pliku.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
542
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
543 Gdy sko�czysz wpisywa� nazw� pliku, naci�nij <Return>. W�wczas
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
544 polecenie C-x C-f zabierze si� do roboty i znajdzie plik, kt�ry
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545 wybra�e�. Z chwil� zako�czenia wykonywania polecenia C-x C-f
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
546 zniknie te� minibufor.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
548 Zawarto倶 znalezionego pliku po chwili pojawia si� na ekranie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549 i mo�esz j� edytowa�. Gdy chcesz zachowa� zmiany, by je utrwali�,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
550 wydaj polecenie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
551
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
552 C-x C-s zachowaj plik (ang. save).
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
553
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554 Kopiuje to tekst z Emacsa do pliku. Za pierwszym razem, gdy to
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555 robisz, Emacs zmienia nazw� oryginalnego pliku, dodaj�c na
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556 ko�cu jego nazwy znak ~. W ten spos�b powstaje zapasowa kopia
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
557 oryginalnego pliku.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559 Gdy zachowywanie pliku si� ko�czy, Emacs wypisuje jego nazw� u do�u
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 ekranu. Pliki powiniene� zachowywa� stosunkowo cz�sto, aby nie straci�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561 za du�o w wypadku za�amania systemu.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
562
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
563 >> Naci�nij C-x C-s, by zachowa� dla siebie kopi� samouczka. Emacs
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
564 powinien wypisa� "Wrote ...TUTORIAL" na dole ekranu.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
565
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566 Odwiedzi� w celu edycji lub odczytu mo�esz plik istniej�cy ju� w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
567 systemie. Mo�esz te� odwiedzi� plik, kt�rego jeszcze nie ma w systemie i
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
568 w�a�nie w taki spos�b tworzy si� w Emacsie nowe pliki. Gdy poleceniem
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
569 C-x C-f odwiedzisz plik o nazwie nieistniej�cej w systemie, w�wczas
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
570 Emacs wy�wietli puste miejsce, do kt�rego b�dziesz m�g� zacz掩 wpisywa�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
571 tekst. Gdy za娠dasz zachowania wpisanego tekstu, Emacs utworzy w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
572 systemie plik z tym tekstem. Od tego momentu mo�esz uwa�a�, �e edytujesz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
573 plik ju� istniej�cy.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
574
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
575
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
576 * BUFORY
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
577 --------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
578
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
579 Je�li za pomoc� C-x C-f odwiedzisz inny plik, to plik odwiedzony
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
580 poprzednio pozostanie w Emacsie. Mo�esz si� na niego prze咳czy�,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
581 odwiedzaj�c go jeszcze raz za pomoc� C-x C-f. W ten spos�b mo�esz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
582 mie� w Emacsie odwiedzonych jednocze�nie wiele plik�w.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
583
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
584 >> Utw�rz plik o nazwie "foo" za pomoc� C-x C-f foo <Return>.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
585 Wpisz w niego jaki� tekst i zachowaj "foo" za pomoc� C-x C-s.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
586 W ko�cu napisz C-x C-f TUTORIAL <Return>, by wr�ci� do samouczka.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
587
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
588 Emacs przechowuje tekst ka�dego pliku w obiekcie, zwanym ,,buforem''.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
589 Odwiedzenie pliku powoduje utworzenie nowego bufora wewn�trz Emacsa. By
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
590 zobaczy� list� bufor�w, kt�re istniej� w Twoim Emacsie, naci�nij
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
591
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
592 C-x C-b lista bufor�w (ang. list buffers).
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
593
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
594 >> Naci�nij C-x C-b.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
595
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
596 Zwr黽 uwag�, �e ka�dy bufor ma w�asn� nazw�, mo�e te� mie� skojarzon� z
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
597 nim nazw� pliku, kt�ry odwiedza. KA�DY tekst, kt�ry ogl�dasz w Emacsie,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
598 jest zawsze cz蟠ci� jednego z bufor�w.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
599
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
600 >> Naci�nij C-x 1 by pozby� si� listy bufor�w.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
601
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
602 Je�li masz kilka bufor�w to tylko jeden z nich jest aktualny, ten
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
603 kt�ry w�a�nie edytujesz. Je�li chcesz edytowa� inny bufer musisz si�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
604 do niego "prze咳czy�" (ang. switch). Je�li chcesz prze咳czy� si� do
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
605 bufora, kt�ry odwiedza jaki� plik, mo�esz to zrobi� poprzez ponowne
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
606 odwiedzenie pliku za pomoc� C-x C-f. Ale istnieje tak�e �atwiejszy
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
607 spos�b: u�yj C-x b. U�ywaj�c tej komendy musisz poda� nazw� bufora, do
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
608 kt�rego zamierzasz si� prze咳czy�.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
609
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
610 >> Naci�nij C-x b foo <Return> by wr�ci� do bufora "foo", kt�ry
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
611 przechowuje tekst pliku "foo". Nast�pnie naci�nij C-x b TUTORIAL
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
612 <Return> by wr�ci� do samouczka.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
614 Zwykle nazwa bufora odpowiada nazwie pliku (bez �cie�ki), cho� czasami
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
615 zdarza si� inaczej. Lista bufor�w, kt�r� tworzysz za pomoc� C-x C-b
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
616 pokazuje nazwy wszystkich bufor�w.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
617
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
618 KA�DY tekst, kt�ry pojawia si� w oknie Emacsa jest cz蟠ci� jakiego�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619 bufora. Niekt�re bufory nie odpowiadaj� �adnemu odwiedzanemu
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
620 plikowi. Na przyk�ad bufor "*Buffer List*" nie odwiedza �adnego pliku;
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
621 zawiera on list� bufor�w, utworzon� w reakcji na naci�ni�cie przez
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622 Ciebie C-x C-b. Bufor "*Messages*" tak�e nie odwiedza �adnego pliku;
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623 zawiera komunikaty, kt�re pojawia�y si� podczas Twojej sesji z
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624 Emacsem.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626 >> Naci�nij C-x b *Messages* <Return> by obejrze� bufor zawieraj�cy
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 komunikaty. Nast�pnie naci�nij C-x b TUTORIAL <Return> by wr�ci� do
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628 samouczka.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630 Je�li zmieniasz tekst w jakim� pliku, a potem odwiedzisz inny plik, to
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631 zawarto倶 tego pierwszego NIE jest automatycznie zachowywana. Zmiany,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632 kt�re wprowadzi�e�, pozostaj� w Emacsie, w buforze tego� pliku.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633 Tworzenie czy edytowanie innego bufora nie ma �adnego wp�ywu na
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
634 pozosta�e. Jest to bardzo przydatne, ale te� oznacza, �e potrzebny jest
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635 Ci wygodny spos�b zachowywania zawarto�ci bufor�w. Niewygodne na
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636 przyk�ad by�oby, aby zawsze w celu zachowania bufora trzeba by�o do
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637 niego przechodzi� za pomoc� C-x C-f i dopiero potem wywo�ywa� C-x C-s.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 Dlatego istnieje polecenie:
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640 C-x s Zachowaj bufory (ang. save some buffers)
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 W reakcji na polecenie C-x s Emacs dla ka�dego z bufor�w, w kt�rym
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
643 wyst�puj� nie zachowane do tej pory zmiany, zadaje pytanie, czy go
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644 w tej chwili zachowa�.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
646 >> Wstaw jak蔚 lini� tekstu, a potem naci�nij C-x s.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
647 Powiniene� zosta� zapytany o to, czy chcesz zachowa� bufor
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
648 TUTORIAL. Odpowiedz na to pytanie twierdz�co, naciskaj�c y.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
649
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
650
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
651 * ROZSZERZANIE ZESTAWU POLECE�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652 ------------------------------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
653
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654 Polece� Emacsa jest znacznie, znacznie wi�cej, ni� mo�na by skojarzy�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
655 z klawiszami klawiatury, uwzgl�dniaj�c nawet kombinacje z META lub Ctrl.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656 Emacs radzi sobie z tym problemem, udost�pniaj�c polecenia X (ang.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657 eXtend). Istniej� dwa rodzaje tych polece�:
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659 C-x Rozszerzenie o znak. Nast�puje po nim jeden znak.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660 M-x Rozszerzenie o nazwane polecenie. Nast�puje po nim
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
661 pe�na, niekiedy d�uga nazwa polecenia.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
662
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663 Polecenia te s� u�yteczne, ale u�ywa si� ich nie tak cz�sto, jak tych,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664 kt�rych ju� si� nauczy�e�. Mia�e� ju� okazj� pozna� dwa z nich: C-x C-f,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 s�u娠ce do odwiedzania plik�w, oraz C-x C-s do ich zachowywania. Innym
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 przyk�adem mo�e by� polecenie C-x C-c, kt�re ko�czy sesj� Emacsa. (Nie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 martw si�, �e w ten spos�b stracisz zmiany, kt�re wprowadzi�e� do
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 tekst�w; przed zamkni�ciem sesji Emacs proponuje Ci zachowania
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 ka�dego ze zmodyfikowanych plik�w.)
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 C-z jest poleceniem, kt�re wychodzi z Emacsa *na chwil�*, tak by� m�g�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 wr�ci� do niej wr�ci� po jakim� czasie.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 W systemach, w kt�rych jest to mo�liwe, C-z zawiesza proces Emacsa;
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675 powoduje to powr�t do pow�oki (ang. shell), ale nie niszczy Emacsa.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 W najpopularniejszych pow�okach mo�esz wr�ci� do Emacsa za pomoc�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677 polecenia `fg' lub `%emacs'.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 W systemach, w kt�rych nie ma zawieszania proces�w, C-z tworzy proces
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680 podpow�oki (ang. "subshell"), kt�ry dzia�a pod Emacsem i daje Ci szans�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 uruchamiania innych program�w oraz powrotu do Emacsa po ich sko�czeniu; w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 systemach tych C-z w istocie nie powoduje wyj�cia z Emacsa i w�wczas
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 normalnym poleceniem powrotu do Emacsa jest wyj�cie z podpow�oki za
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 pomoc� polecenia "exit".
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 Polecenia C-x C-c powiniene� u�ywa�, gdy masz zamiar si� wylogowa�.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 Zalecane jest tak�e wychodzenie z Emacsa wystartowanego na przyk�ad przez
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 programy obs�uguj�ce poczt� elektroniczn� lub innego rodzaju narz�dzia,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 poniewa� mog� one nie wiedzie�, jak sobie poradzi� z zawieszeniem
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690 Emacsa. Jednak�e w zwyk�ych okoliczno�ciach, je�li nie musisz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 wylogowywa� si� z systemu, korzystniej jest zawiesi� Emacsa za pomoc�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692 C-z, ni� z niego wyj倶.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 Istnieje wiele polece� zaczynaj�cych si� od C-x. Oto lista tych,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695 kt�rych ju� si� nauczy�e�:
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 C-x C-f odwied� plik
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698 C-x C-s zachowaj plik
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 C-x C-b wy�wietl list� bufor�w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 C-x C-c wyjd� z Emacsa
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 C-x u cofnij
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 Polece� podawanych za pomoc� nazwy u�ywa si� jeszcze rzadziej lub u�ywa
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 si� tylko w niekt�rych trybach. Przyk�adem mo�e by� polecenie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 replace-string, kt�re zast�puje jeden �a�cuch innym w ca�ym tek�cie. Gdy
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 naciskasz M-x, Emacs czeka na dalszy ci�g polecenia, wy�wietlaj�c na
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 dole ekranu (w minibuforze) napis "M-x". Powiniene� tam wpisa� nazw�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 polecenia, w tym wypadku replace-string. Wystarczy przy tym, �e napisz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 jedynie repl s<Tab>; Emacs doko�czy nazw� automatycznie. Wprowadzanie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 nazwy zako�cz naci�ni�ciem klawisza <Return>.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 Polecenie replace-string wymaga dw�ch argument�w: �a�cucha, kt�ry ma
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 zosta� zast�piony, i �a�cucha, kt�ry ma zosta� wstawiony w miejsce tego�.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 Wpisywanie ka�dego z tych �a�cuch�w trzeba zako�czy� przyci�ni�ciem
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715 klawisza <Return>.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717 >> Przesu� kursor do czystej linii, dwie linie poni�ej tej.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 Naci�nij M-x repl s<Return>zmieni<Return>zmodyfikuje<Return>.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 Zwr黽 uwag�, jak ta linia si� zmieni�a: zast�pi�e� s�owem
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 ,,zmodyfikuje'' ka�de wyst�pienie s�owa z-m-i-e-n-i poni�ej pocz�tkowej
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 pozycji kursora.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725 * AUTOMATYCZNE ZACHOWYWANIE
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 ---------------------------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 Je�li zmian wprowadzonych do pliku nie zachowasz, to mo�esz je straci� w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 wypadku, gdy Tw�j komputer przestanie dzia�a�. By Ci� przed tym
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 uchroni�, Emacs okresowo zachowuje wprowadzone zmiany w specjalnym
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731 pliku, kt�ry ma znak # na pocz�tku i na ko�cu swojej nazwy. Przyjmijmy
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 na przyk�ad, �e Tw�j plik nazywa si� "hello.c". Odpowiadaj�cy mu plik
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 zachowywany automatycznie b�dzie nosi� nazw� "#hello.c#". Gdy
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 zachowasz plik w zwyk�y spos�b, Emacs skasuje plik
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 zachowany automatycznie.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 Je�li Tw�j komputer przestanie dzia�a�, mo�esz odzyska� Twoje dane z
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 pliku automatycznie zachowanego przez zwyk�e odwiedzenie tego pliku,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 kt�ry edytowa�e� (a nie pliku automatycznie zachowanego!) i napisanie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 M-x recover file<Return>. Gdy Emacs zapyta o potwierdzenie, to
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 dane zachowane automatycznie odzyskasz, je�li odpowiesz yes<Return>.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744 * OBSZAR ECHA
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745 -------------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 Je�li polecenia dla Emacsa wpisujesz dostatecznie wolno, b�d� one
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 pokazywane w specjalnym obszarze na dole ekranu, zwanym obszarem echa
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 (ang. echo area). Obszar echa zawiera ostatni� doln� lini� ekranu.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 * LINIA STANU
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 -------------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 Linia, kt�ra znajduje si� bezpo�rednio nad obszarem echa, zwana jest
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 lini� trybu (ang. modeline). Pokazuje ona tekst podobny do
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 nast�puj�cego:
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 --:** TUTORIAL (Fundamental)--L670--58%----------------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 Linia ta podaje u�yteczne informacje o stanie Emacsa i tekstu, kt�ry
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 edytujesz.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 Wiesz ju�, jakie jest znaczenie nazwy: oznacza ona plik,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 kt�ry odwiedzi�e�. --NN%-- informuje o bie娠cej pozycji wewn�trz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 tekstu; oznacza to, �e NN procent tekstu znajduje si� ponad g�rnym
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 brzegiem ekranu. Je�li pocz�tek pliku znajduje si� na pocz�tku
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 ekranu, to zamiast liczby --00%-- zobaczysz w tym miejscu --Top--.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 Podobnie dla ko�ca tekstu pojawi si� tam napis --Bot-- (ang. bottom).
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 Je�li wy�wietlasz tekst na tyle kr�tki, �e mie�ci si� w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 ca�o�ci na ekranie, to linia trybu b�dzie zawiera�a napis --All--.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 Litera L, po kt�rej wyst�puj� cyfry, tak�e opisuje Twoj� bie娠c�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 pozycj�: cyfry oznaczaj� numer linii, na kt�rej obecnie ustawiony jest
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 kursor.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 Gwiazdki blisko pocz�tku linii trybu oznaczaj�, �e wprowadzi�e� do
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 tekstu jakie� zmiany. Tu� po odwiedzeniu, a tak�e po zachowaniu pliku
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 nie b�dzie w tym miejscu gwiazdek, lecz my�lniki.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 Wewn�trz nawias�w znajdziesz informacje na temat trybu edycji, w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 kt�rym w�a�nie jest Emacs. Domy�lnym trybem edycji nazywa si�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 podstawowym (ang. fundamental); jest to tryb u�ywanym w�a�nie w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 tej chwili. Jest to przyk�ad ,,trybu g鞄wnego'' (ang. major mode).
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 Emacs mo�e dzia�a� w wielu trybach g鞄wnych. Zosta�y one zaprojektowane,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 aby u�atwi� edycj� napis�w w rozmaitych j�zykach programowania, takich
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 jak tryb Lisp czy C, oraz rodzajach tekst�w, jak tryb tekstowy. W danej
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 chwili mo�e by� aktywny tylko jeden g鞄wny tryb pracy i to jego nazwa
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 jest wy�wietlana w linii trybu w miejscu, w kt�rym teraz jest
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 "Fundamental".
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 Ka�dy z g鞄wnych tryb�w edycyjnych mo�e zmieni� zachowanie niekt�rych
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 polece�. Na przyk�ad w Emacsie istniej� polecenia s�u娠ce do tworzenia
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 komentarzy w programach. Skoro ka�dy j�zyk programowania sam okre�la,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 jak powinien wygl�da� komentarz, to ka�dy z g鞄wnych tryb�w edycyjnych
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 musi wstawia� komentarze w odpowiedni spos�b. Trybowi edycyjnemu
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 odpowiada nazwa polecenia, kt�re mo�esz wykona�, by prze咳czy� si� w ten
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 tryb lub go wy咳czy�. Przyk�adem mo�e by� M-x fundamental-mode, kt�re
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 jest poleceniem prze咳czaj�cym tryb podstawowy.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 Je�li zamierzasz edytowa� tekst w j�zyku angielskim, taki jak na
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 przyk�ad oryginalna wersja tego samouczka, to prawdopodobnie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 powiniene� u�y� trybu tekstowego (ang. text mode).
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 >> Napisz M-x text-mode<Return>.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 Nie musisz si� martwi�, bo �adne z polece�, kt�re do tej pory pozna�e�,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 nie zmienia Emacsa w powa�ny spos�b. Mo�esz jednak zauwa�y�, �e teraz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 M-f i M-b traktuj� apostrofy jako cz蟠ci s鞄w. Poprzednio, w trybie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 podstawowym, polecenia te traktowa�y apostrofy jako separatory s鞄w.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 G鞄wne tryby edycji wprowadzaj� zwykle subtelne zmiany, takie jak
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 opisana powy�ej; wi�kszo倶 polece� nadal robi ,,to samo'', chocia�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 by� mo�e w troszeczk� inny spos�b.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 By zobaczy� dokumentacj� na temat bie娠cego g鞄wnego trybu edycji,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 naci�nij C-h m.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 >> Naci�nij C-u C-v raz lub wi�cej razy, tak by ta linia znalaz�a si�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821 blisko g�ry ekranu.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 >> Naci�nij C-h m, by odczyta� dokumentacj� na temat tego, czym tryb
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824 tekstowy r鷽ni si� od trybu podstawowego.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 >> Naci�nij q, by usun掩 dokumentacj� trybu z ekranu.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 G鞄wne tryby edycji nazywaj� si� w�a�nie ,,g鞄wnymi'', gdy� wyst�puj�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 tak�e ,,podrz�dne'' tryby edycji (ang. minor modes). Podrz�dne tryby
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830 edycji nie s� alternatyw� dla tryb�w g鞄wnych, lecz jedynie ich
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 niewielk� modyfikacj�. Ka�dy podrz�dny tryb edycji mo�na w咳czy� lub
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 wy咳czy� niezale�nie od pozosta�ych tryb�w podrz�dnych, a tak�e
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 niezale�nie od trybu g鞄wnego. Mo�esz wiec u�ywa� jednego,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 kombinacji dowolnych, albo nie u�ywa� �adnego trybu podrz�dnego.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 Jednym z podrz�dnych tryb�w edycji, kt�ry jest bardzo u�yteczny,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 szczeg�lnie do edycji tekstu angielskiego lub polskiego, jest tryb
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838 automatycznego wype�niania (ang. auto fill mode). Je�li jest on
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 w咳czony, to Emacs �amie linie pomi�dzy s�owami automatycznie, gdy
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 podczas wstawiania tekstu linia robi si� za szeroka.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 Tryb automatycznego wstawiania w咳cza si� na przyk�ad poleceniem M-x
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 auto-fill-mode<Return>. Powt�rzenie tego polecenie powoduje wy咳czenie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 trybu, ponowne powt�rzenie --- jego w咳czenie, i tak dalej. M�wimy, �e
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845 polecenie ,,prze咳cza tryb''.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847 >> Napisz M-x auto-fill-mode<Return>. Wstaw potem wiele napis�w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 ,,asdf '' tak d�ugo, a� zobaczysz, �e linia podzieli na dwie.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 Mi�dzy literami musisz wstawia� spacje, poniewa� tryb
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 automatycznego wype�niania �amie linie tylko tam, gdzie s� spacje.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852 Margines jest zazwyczaj ustawiony na 70 znak�w, ale mo�esz to zmieni�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 poleceniem C-x f. Powiniene� poleceniu poda� argument liczbowy
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854 m�wi�cy, w kt�rej kolumnie ma zosta� ustawiony margines.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
856 >> Wywo�aj C-x f z argumentem r�wnym 20. (C-u 2 0 C-x f).
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857 Napisz potem jaki� tekst i zauwa�, �e Emacs wype�nia linie do
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858 d�ugo�ci co najwy�ej 20 znak�w. Ustaw margines z powrotem na
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 70 znak�w, wywo�uj�c jeszcze raz C-x f z odpowiednim argumentem.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 Je�li zmieniasz tekst wewn�trz akapitu, to tryb automatycznego
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862 wype�niania sam z siebie nie wyr�wna marginesu. Mo�esz go wyr�wna�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 samodzielnie, wydaj�c polecenie M-q (Meta-q) (kursor powinien si�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 w�wczas znajdowa� wewn�trz akapitu).
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866 >> Przesu� kursor do poprzedniego akapitu i naci�nij M-q.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 * SZUKANIE
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 ----------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 Emacs potrafi szuka� �a�cuch�w (zwartych ci�g�w znak�w lub s鞄w)
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873 zar�wno wstecz jak i do przodu. Szukanie �a�cucha jest poleceniem,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 kt�re przesuwa kursor --- do nast�pnego miejsca, w kt�rym dany
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 �a�cuch wyst�puje.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 Polecenie Emacsa "search" r鷽ni si� od podobnych polece� w innych
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 edytorach tym, �e jest przyrostowe. Znaczy to, �e szukanie odbywa
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 si� w trakcie, gdy wpisujesz kolejne znaki �a�cucha, kt�ry ma zosta�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 znaleziony.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 Poleceniami rozpoczynaj�cymi szukanie s�: C-s dla szukania w prz�d
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 oraz C-r dla szukania wstecz. POCZEKAJ PROSZ�! Nie pr�buj ich w tej
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 chwili.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 Gdy naci�niesz C-s, zauwa�ysz, �e w obszarze echa pojawi si�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 tekst "I-search". Jest to informacja, �e Emacs znajduje si� w trybie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888 "incremental search" i czeka, by� napisa� tekst, kt�ry ma znale惹.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 Naci�ni�cie <Return> ko�czy proces szukania.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891 >> Rozpocznij teraz szukanie, naciskaj�c C-s. POWOLI, litera po
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892 literze, napisz s�owo kursor, zatrzymuj�c si� po ka�dym znaku
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 i obserwuj�c, gdzie zatrzymuje si� kursor. Gdy naci�niesz drugie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894 r, b�dzie mo�na powiedzie�, �e szuka�e� s�owa kursor
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895 jednokrotnie. Naci�nij jeszcze raz C-s, by znale惹 nast�pne
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 wyst�pienie s�owa kursor. Naci�nij teraz cztery razy <Delback>
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 i zobacz, co si� dzieje z kursorem. Naci�nij <Return>, by sko�czy�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 szukanie.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 Widzia�e�, co si� dzia�o? Podczas szukania przyrostowego Emacs pr�buje
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 przej倶 do miejsca wyst�pienia �a�cucha, kt�ry wpisa�e� do tej pory,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902 i pod�wietla go dla Twojej wygody. By znale惹 nast�pne wyst�pienie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903 s�owa kursor, po prostu jeszcze raz naci�nij C-s. Je�li takiego
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 wyst�pienia nie ma, to Emacs zapiszczy i napisze, �e szukanie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 ,,sko�czy�o si� pora�k�''.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 Kombinacja C-g przerywa proces szukania, podobnie jak to czyni
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 z innymi poleceniami.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 UWAGA: W niekt�rych systemach naci�niecie C-s zamra�a ekran i w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 rezultacie Emacs nie mo�e pokazywa� tekstu. Oznacza to, �e sk�adowa
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 systemu operacyjnego, zwana kontrol� przep�ywu (ang. "flow control"),
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 przechwyci�a znak C-s i nie pozwoli�a mu dotrze� do Emacsa. By odzyska�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 kontrol� nad ekranem, naci�nij C-q. Dodatkowej pomocy poszukaj w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 rozdziale "Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search" w podr�czniku
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 Emacsa.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 Je�li podczas szukania przyrostowego naci�niesz <Delback>, to zauwa�ysz,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919 �e w minibuforze znika ostatni znak wpisanego przez ciebie �a�cucha, a
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 kursor wraca do poprzedniego miejsca. Przypu倶my na przyk�ad, �e
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 nacisn嘘e� k i znalaz�e� pierwsze wyst�pienie tej litery. Je�li teraz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 naci�niesz u, to kursor przesunie si� tu� za najbli�sze litery
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 ku. Naci�nij teraz <Delback>. Spowoduje to skasowanie z wyszukiwanego
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 �a�cucha litery u, a kursor wr�ci do pierwszego wyst�pienia litery k.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 Je�li podczas szukania naci�niesz jaki� klawisz w kombinacji z META lub
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 Ctrl (z nielicznymi wyj�tkami --- znakami, kt�re maj� specjalne
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 znaczenie podczas szukania, takimi jak C-s i C-r), to szukanie zostanie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 przerwane.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 C-s rozpoczyna proces szukania do przodu, czyli ZA bie娠c� pozycj�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 kursora. Je�li chcesz szuka� czego� po�o�onego w tek�cie wcze�niej,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933 to naci�nij C-r. Wszystko, co powiedzieli�my o poleceniu C-s, stosuje
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 si� te� do C-r, oczywi�cie w odniesieniu do szukania wstecz.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 * WIELE OKIEN
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 -------------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940 Jedn� z u�ytecznych cech Emacsa jest mo�liwo倶 wy�wietlania wi�cej ni�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 jednego okna na raz.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 >> Przesu� kursor do tej linii i naci�nij C-u 0 C-l.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 >> Naci�nij teraz C-x 2, co podzieli ekran na dwa okna. Obydwa okna
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 wy�wietlaj� ten samouczek. Kursor pozostaje w g�rnym oknie.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 >> Naci�nij C-M-v by przewin掩 dolne okno. (Je�li nie masz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 klawisza Meta lub Alt, to naci�nij ESC C-v.)
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 >> Naci�nij C-x o ("o" jak angielskie "other") by przesun掩 kursor do
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 dolnego okna. U�yj C-v i M-v w dolnym oknie, by przewin掩 jego
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 zawarto倶. Polecenia, kt�re masz wykona�, odczytuj z g�rnego okna.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 >> Naci�nij C-x o jeszcze raz tak, by kursor wr�ci� do g�rnego okna.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956 Kursor w g�rnym oknie nie zmieni� po�o�enia.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958 Ka�de okno pami�ta po�o�enie swojego kursora, lecz w danej chwili
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 tylko jedno z okien wy�wietla kursor. Wszystkie polecenia edycyjne
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 stosuj� si� do okna, w kt�rym jest kursor. To okno nazywane jest
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961 ,,oknem wybranym''.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 Polecenie C-M-v przyda Ci si�, gdy b�dziesz chcia� edytowa� tekst w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964 jednym oknie, a drugiego u�ywa� jako punktu odniesienia. Dzi�ki niemu
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965 kursor mo�e zawsze znajdowa� si� w oknie, kt�rego zawarto倶 edytujesz, a
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966 Ty mo�esz przesuwa� drugie okno.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 C-M-v to przyk�ad kombinacji, kt�ry uzyskuje si�, wciskaj�c jednocze�nie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 klawisze Ctrl i Meta (Alt). Je�li masz prawdziwy klawisz META (Alt), to
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970 C-M-v mo�esz uzyska� przytrzymuj�c jednocze�nie Ctrl oraz META (Alt) i
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971 naciskaj�c v. Nie jest wa�ne, co zosta�o naci�ni�te wcze�niej, Ctrl czy
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972 META, poniewa� obydwa te klawisze dzia�aj� jako modyfikatory znaczenia
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 znak�w.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975 Je�li nie masz klawisza META (Alt) i w jego zast�pstwie u�ywasz ESC, to
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 kolejno倶 naciskania klawiszy ma znaczenie: musisz najpierw nacisn掩 i
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977 pu�ci� ESC, po czym nacisn掩 Ctrl-v; kombinacja Ctrl-ESC v nie zadzia�a.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 Wynika to z tego, �e ESC jest znakiem, a nie modyfikatorem.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 >> Naci�nij C-x 1 (w g�rnym oknie), by pozby� si� okna dolnego.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 (Je�li nacisn嘘by� C-x 1 w dolnym oknie, to g�rne by znik�o. Mo�esz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 sobie to polecenie t�umaczy� jako ,,pozostaw tylko jedno okno --- to w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984 kt�rym w�a�nie jestem''.)
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986 Nie musi by� tak, �e obydwa okna pokazuj� ten sam bufor. Je�li u�yjesz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987 C-x C-f, by odwiedzi� jaki� plik w jednym z nich, to zawarto倶 drugiego
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 si� nie zmieni. Z zasady w r鷽nych oknach mo�esz niezale�nie wy�wietla�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
989 r鷽ne pliki.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
990
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991 Oto inny spos�b u�ywania dw�ch okien do wy�wietlania dw�ch r鷽nych
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992 rzeczy:
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994 >> Naci�nij C-x 4 C-f i nazw� jednego z Twoich plik�w. Zako�cz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995 wprowadzanie klawiszem <Return>. Podany plik pojawi si� w dolnym
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996 oknie razem z kursorem, kt�ry tam przeskakuje.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998 >> Naci�nij C-x o, by wr�ci� do g�rnego okna, oraz C-x 1 by usun掩
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999 dolne okno.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1000
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1001
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002 * REKURSYWNE POZIOMY EDYCJI
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 ---------------------------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1005 Czasami mo�esz znale惹 si� w czym�, co nazywa si� "rekursywnym
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1006 poziomem edycji". Mo�esz to rozpozna� po nawiasach kwadratowych w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007 linii trybu, obejmuj�cych nawiasy okr�g�e zawieraj�ce nazw� g鞄wnego
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008 trybu edycji. M�g�by� na przyk�ad zobaczy� [(Fundamental)] zamiast
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1009 (Fundamental).
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1010
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1011 By wyj倶 z rekursywnego poziomu edycji, naci�nij ESC ESC ESC. Jest to
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012 og�lnego przeznaczenia polecenie ,,wychodzimy''. Mo�esz go u�y� tak�e,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1013 by pozby� si� nadmiaru okien albo wyj倶 z minibufora.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1014
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1015 >> Naci�nij M-x by wej倶 do minibufora, potem naci�nij ESC ESC ESC, by
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1016 z niego wyj倶.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1017
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1018 Aby wyj倶 z rekursywnego poziomu edycji, nie wystarczy u�y� C-g. Dzieje
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1019 si� tak dlatego, �e klawisz C-g jest u�ywany do anulowania polece� i
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1020 argument�w WEWN�TRZ pojedynczego rekursywnego poziomu edycji.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1021
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1022
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1023 SZUKANIE POMOCY
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024 ---------------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1026 W tym samouczku dostarczyli�my tylko tyle informacji, ile jest
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1027 niezb�dne, by� m�g� zacz掩 u�ywa� Emacsa. Emacs jest istn� kopalni�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1028 najr鷽niejszych rzeczy, kt�rych nie spos�b tutaj opisa�. B�dziesz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1029 zapewne chcia� dowiedzie� si� o Emacsie wi�cej, poniewa� posiada on
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1030 wiele po�ytecznych cech, o kt�rych na razie nic nie wiesz. Mi�dzy innymi
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1031 jest w nim zaszyte mn�stwo wewn�trznej dokumentacji. Dotrze� do tej
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1032 dokumentacji mo�esz po naci�ni�ciu kombinacji C-h.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1033
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1034 By uzyska� pomoc, naci�nij C-h, a potem znak, kt�ry okre�la jakiego
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1035 rodzaju pomocy oczekujesz. Je�li poczujesz si� NAPRAWD� zagubiony, to
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1036 napisz C-h?, a Emacs podpowie, jakiego rodzaju pomocy mo�e Ci
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037 dostarczy�. Je�li naci�niesz C-h, a potem zadecydujesz, �e pomoc nie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038 jest Ci jednak potrzebna, to aby anulowa� zapocz�tkowane polecenie C-h,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 po prostu wci�nij C-g.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041 Najprostsz� pomoc mo�esz uzyska� naciskaj�c C-h c. Naci�nij C-h a potem
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1042 c, po czym kombinacj� klawiszy, kt�rej znaczenie chcesz pozna�; Emacs
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 wy�wietli kr�tki opis polecenia odpowiadaj�cego tej kombinacji.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045 >> Naci�nij C-h c C-p.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1046
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047 Powinno to przywo�a� komunikat, o tre�ci podobnej do
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049 C-p runs the command previous-line
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051 W ten spos�b mo�esz uzyska� ,,nazw� funkcji'' przypisanej kombinacji
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052 klawiszy. Przydaje si� to podczas pisania kodu w Lispie, w kt�rym
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1053 zapisane s� rozszerzenia Emacsa; wystarcza to tak�e do przypomnienia
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1054 Ci, co dane polecenie robi, je�li widzia�e� je ju� wcze�niej, lecz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055 go nie zapami�ta�e�.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1056
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1057 Jako dope�nienie polecenia C-h c Emacs dopuszcza te� wieloznakowe
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1058 kombinacje klawiszy, na przyk�ad C-x C-s albo (je�li nie masz klawisza
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1059 META lub Alt) <ESC>v.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1060
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1061 By uzyska� wi�cej informacji na temat polecenia, naci�nij C-h k
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1062 zamiast C-h c.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1063
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1064 >> Naci�nij C-h k C-p.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1065
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1066 To polecenie wy�wietla dokumentacj� na temat danej funkcji oraz jej
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 nazw� w oknie Emacsa. Gdy sko�czysz �ledzi� wynik tego polecenia
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068 naci�nij C-x 1, by pozby� si� tekstu pomocy. Nie musisz tego robi� od
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069 razu. Mo�esz wykona� pewne operacje w oparciu o tekst pomocy zanim
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1070 naci�niesz C-x 1.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1071
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072 Oto kilka innych u�ytecznych wariant�w C-h:
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 C-h f Opisz funkcje o podanej nazwie.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1075
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 >> Napisz C-h f previous-line<Return>. Wypisze to na ekranie ca咳
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 informacje, jak� Emacs ma na temat funkcji, kt�ra implementuje
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1078 polecenie C-p.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1080 Podobnie komenda C-h v pokazuje na ekranie dokumentacj� zmiennych,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1081 kt�rych warto�ci mo�esz zmieni�, aby dostosowa� Emacsa do swoich
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1082 preferencji. Wpisz nazw� zmiennej, gdy Emacs o ni� poprosi.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 C-h a Apropos. Wpisz s�owo, a Emacs wypisze list�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 wszystkich polece�, kt�rych nazwa zawiera to s�owo.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 Polecenia te mo�na wywo�ywa� za pomoc� Meta-x.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088 Dla niekt�rych polece� Apropos wypisze jedno- lub
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 dwuznakowe sekwencje, kt�re wywo�uj� te polecenia.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091 >> Napisz C-h a file<Return>.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1092
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1093 Zobaczysz list� wszystkich polece�,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1094 dost�pnych za pomoc� M-x, kt�re maja s�owo "file" w swojej nazwie.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1095 Zauwa�ysz tam tak�e polecenia takie, jak C-x C-f oraz C-x C-w,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 umieszczone obok nazw polece� "find-file" i "write-file".
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1097
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1098 >> Napisz C-M-v, aby przewin掩 okno pomocy. Zr�b to kilka razy.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099 >> Napisz C-x 1, aby usun掩 okno pomocy.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1101 C-h i Czytanie elektronicznych podr�cznik�w (w formacie Info). To
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102 polecenie prze咳czy Ci� do specjalnego bufora o nazwie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1103 *info*, gdzie b�dziesz m�g� przeczyta� podr�czniki
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1104 dotycz�ce pakiet�w zainstalowanych w Twoim
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1105 systemie. Napisz m emacs <Return>, aby zapozna� si� z
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 podr�cznikiem Emacsa. Je�eli nigdy wcze�niej nie u�ywa�e�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107 trybu Info, to napisz ?, a Emacs przedstawi Ci mo�liwo�ci
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108 tego trybu. Po tym, jak zapoznasz si� z niniejszym kr�tkim
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 samouczkiem, w dalszej pracy dost�p do dokumentacji
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1110 b�dziesz uzyskiwa� w�a�nie za pomoc� Emacs Info.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1111
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1112
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1113 DODATKOWE FUNKCJE
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1114 -----------------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1115
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1116 Wi�cej o Emacsie mo�esz si� nauczy� czytaj�c jego podr�cznik, w formie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1117 ksi運kowej lub on-line w postaci Info (u�yj menu Help lub naci�nij F10
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118 h r). Dwie dodatkowe w�a�ciwo�ci, kt�re szczeg�lnie mog� si� przyda�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 to dope�nianie wprowadzanych danych i dired u�atwiaj�ce zarz�dzanie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120 plikami.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1122 Dope�nianie pozwala unikn掩 niepotrzebnego wpisywania. Na przyk�ad
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1123 je�li chcesz si� prze咳czy� do bufora *Messages*, mo�esz nacisn掩 C-x
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1124 b *M<Tab> a Emacs dope�ni dalsz� cz蟠� nazwy za Ciebie na tyle, na ile
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1125 b�dzie w stanie ustali� na podstawie tego, co do tej pory wpisa�e�. Dope�nianie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1126 jest opisane w Info w podr�czniku Emacsa w cz蟠ci zatytu�owanej
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1127 "Dop�nianie" (ang. Completion).
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129 Dired umo�liwia Ci zrobienie wykazu plik�w w danym katalogu (dodatkowo
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130 w podkatalogach), przemieszczanie si� wewn�trz tej listy, odwiedzanie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131 plik�w, zmienianie nazw, usuwanie i inne operacje na plikach. Dired
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1132 jest opisane w Info w podr�czniku Emacsa w cz蟠ci zatytu�owanej
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1133 "Dired".
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1134
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1135 Podr�cznik dodatkowo opisuje wiele innych w�a�ciwo�ci Emacsa.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1138 * KIEROWANIE KURSOREM Z X TERMINALA (akapit dodany przez autor�w wersji polskiej)
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1139 -----------------------------------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1140
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1141 Je�li pracujesz na terminalu graficznym, to do kierowania kursorem
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1142 prawdopodobnie �atwiej Ci b�dzie u�ywa� klawiszy strza�ek po prawej
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1143 stronie klawiatury. Klawisze strza�ek: w lewo, w prawo, w g�r� i w d鶻
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1144 dzia�aj� zgodnie z oczekiwaniem; odpowiadaj� one dok�adnie C-b, C-f, C-p
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1145 i C-n, ale s� �atwiejsze do zapami�tania. Mo�esz tak�e u�ywa� C-lewo i
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1146 C-prawo, by przesuwa� si� o s�owa, oraz C-g�ra i C-d鶻, by przesuwa� si�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147 o bloki (np. akapity, je�li edytujesz tekst). Je�li masz klawisze
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 oznaczone Home (lub Begin) oraz End, to przenios� Ci� one na pocz�tek i,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1149 odpowiednio, na koniec linii, a C-Home i C-End na pocz�tek i koniec
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1150 pliku. Je�li na Twojej klawiaturze s� klawisze PgUp i PgDn, to mo�esz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1151 ich u�y� do przesuwania si� o jeden ekran, tak jak M-v i C-v.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1152
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 Wszystkie te polecenia akceptuj� argument liczbowy, tak jak to
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154 opisano powy�ej. Wpisanie argumentu mo�esz sobie upro�ci�:
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1155 naci�nij i trzymaj CONTROL lub META i wpisz liczb�. Na
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156 przyk�ad, aby przesun掩 kursor o 12 s鞄w w prawo, naci�nij C-1 C-2
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 C-prawo. Zwr黽 uwag�, �e jest to �atwe do wpisania, poniewa� nie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 musisz puszcza� klawisza CONTROL podczas wpisywania cyfr.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1159
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1161 * U�YWANIE MENU (akapit dodany przez autor�w wersji polskiej)
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1162 ---------------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1163
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1164 Je�li pracujesz na X-terminalu, to u g�ry okna Emacsa powiniene� zauwa�y�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165 pasek z menu. Tego menu mo�esz u�ywa�, by wywo�ywa� najcz蟠ciej
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166 potrzebne polecenia Emacsa, takie jak "find file". Na pocz�tku b�dziesz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 s�dzi�, �e jest to �atwiejsze ni� u�ywanie klawiatury, poniewa� nie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 musisz si� na pami裝 uczy� kombinacji klawiszy, kt�re uruchamiaj�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1169 poszczeg�lne polecenia. Gdy ju� jednak poznasz Emacsa, to zaczniesz
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 sobie te kombinacje przyswaja� --- dla wygody przy pozycjach menu
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 pokazywane s� odpowiadaj�ce im kombinacje klawiszy.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173 Zwr黽 uwag�, �e niekt�re pozycje wyst�puj�ce w menu nie maj�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174 odpowiednik�w klawiszowych. Na przyk�ad pozycja "Buffers" powoduje
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1175 wy�wietlenie listy wszystkich dost�pnych bufor�w. Do ka�dego z nich
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1176 mo�esz si� prze咳czy�, wybieraj�c jego nazw�, wy�wietlon� pod pozycj�
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177 Buffers.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1178
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1179
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1180 PODSUMOWANIE
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1181 ------------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1182
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1183 Pami�taj, �e by wyj倶 z Emacsa na sta�e, trzeba wyda� polecenie C-x C-c.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1184 By wyj倶 do pow�oki na chwil� tak, by jeszcze Do Emacsa wr�ci�, trzeba
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1185 u�y� C-z. (To nie dzia�a pod X-Windows, poniewa� tam nie ma prawdziwego
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1186 konceptu przej�cia na chwil� do pow�oki. Zamiast tego C-z ,,ikonizuje''
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1187 okno Emacsa.)
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1188
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1189 Ten samouczek by� pisany tak, by wszyscy nowi u�ytkownicy mogli go
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1190 zrozumie�. Je�li co� pozostawi� niejasnym, nie sied� cicho i nie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1191 obwiniaj siebie, tylko daj nam zna�!
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1192
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1193
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1194 KOPIOWANIE
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1195 ----------
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1196
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1197 Niniejszy samouczek jest potomkiem w d�ugiej linii samouczk�w
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1198 Emacsa, kt�ra rozpoczyna si� od tego, kt�ry zosta� napisany przez
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1199 Stuarta Cracrafta dla oryginalnego Emacsa. Zosta� on zmodyfikowany we
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1200 wrze�niu 1994 przez Bena Winga, kt�ry zaktualizowa� go w celu uwzgl�dnienia
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1201 pracy pod X-Windows.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1202
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1203 Autorem pierwszego t�umaczenia na j�zyk polski by� Remek Trzaska
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1204 <remek@npac.syr.edu>, a pomaga� mu Ryszard Kubiak
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1205 <rysiek@ipipan.gda.pl>. Tamto t�umaczenie zosta�o uaktualnione dla
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1206 wersji GNU Emacs 21 przez Beat� Wierzcho�owsk� <beataw@orient.uw.edu.pl>
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1207 z pomoc� Ryszarda Kubiaka i Janusza S. Bienia <jsbien@mail.uw.edu.pl>.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1208
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1209 Ta wersja samouczka, podobnie jak GNU Emacs, jest chroniona prawem
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1210 autorskim, ale wolno j� kopiowa� pod nast�puj�cymi warunkami:
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1211
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1212 Copyright (C) 1985, 1994, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
106815
1d1d5d9bd884 Add 2010 to copyright years.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 100972
diff changeset
1213 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
82718
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1214
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1215 Zezwala si� na wykonywanie lub rozpowszechnianie
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1216 wiernych kopii tego dokumentu w otrzymanej formie, na dowolnym
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1217 no�niku, pod warunkiem zachowania informacji o
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1218 prawach autorskich i niniejszym zezwoleniu oraz pod
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1219 warunkiem, �e dystrybutor udzieli odbiorcy pozwolenia na
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1220 dalsze rozpowszechnianie zgodnie z niniejszym zezwoleniem.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1221
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1222
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1223 Zezwala si� r�wnie� na rozpowszechnianie na warunkach podanych
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1224 powy�ej zmodyfikowanych wersji tego dokumentu lub jego cz蟠ci,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1225 pod warunkiem, �e zostan� wyra�nie uwidocznione
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1226 informacje o tym, kto dokona� modyfikacji jako ostatni.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1227
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1228
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1229 Warunki kopiowania samego Emacsa s� bardziej skomplikowane, ale zgodne
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1230 z t� ide�. Prosz�, przeczytaj plik COPYING, po czym rozdaj swoim
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1231 znajomym kopie Emacsa. Pom鷽 t�pi� obstrukcjonizm w informatyce,
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1232 u�ywaj�c, tworz�c i dziel�c si� oprogramowaniem swobodnym.
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1233
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1234 ;;; Local Variables:
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235 ;;; mode: fundamental
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1236 ;;; coding: latin-2
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1237 ;;; sentence-end-double-space: nil
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1238 ;;; End:
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1239
115ba1ca6c1f Move tutorials from etc/ to etc/tutorials/
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1240 ;;; arch-tag: 6c6b7445-4cd5-44ca-a101-7f4697b92f60