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annotate lispref/customize.texi @ 34113:fa597347c65f
(x-select-enable-clipboard): Customize (as per the Emacs Lisp manual)
author | Jason Rumney <jasonr@gnu.org> |
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date | Sat, 02 Dec 2000 14:47:35 +0000 |
parents | 7e53fab4d2a3 |
children | d80f2bfd0e05 |
rev | line source |
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21006 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
21006 | 4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @setfilename ../info/customize | |
6 @node Customization, Loading, Macros, Top | |
7 @chapter Writing Customization Definitions | |
8 | |
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9 This chapter describes how to declare user options for customization, |
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10 and also customization groups for classifying them. We use the term |
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11 @dfn{customization item} to include both kinds of customization |
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12 definitions---as well as face definitions (@pxref{Defining Faces}). |
21006 | 13 |
14 @menu | |
15 * Common Keywords:: | |
16 * Group Definitions:: | |
17 * Variable Definitions:: | |
18 * Customization Types:: | |
19 @end menu | |
20 | |
21 @node Common Keywords | |
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22 @section Common Item Keywords |
21006 | 23 |
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24 All kinds of customization declarations (for variables and groups, and |
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25 for faces) accept keyword arguments for specifying various information. |
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26 This section describes some keywords that apply to all kinds. |
21006 | 27 |
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28 All of these keywords, except @code{:tag}, can be used more than once |
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29 in a given item. Each use of the keyword has an independent effect. |
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30 The keyword @code{:tag} is an exception because any given item can only |
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31 display one name. |
21006 | 32 |
33 @table @code | |
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34 @item :tag @var{label} |
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35 Use @var{label}, a string, instead of the item's name, to label the item |
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36 in customization menus and buffers. |
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37 |
21006 | 38 @item :group @var{group} |
39 Put this customization item in group @var{group}. When you use | |
40 @code{:group} in a @code{defgroup}, it makes the new group a subgroup of | |
41 @var{group}. | |
42 | |
43 If you use this keyword more than once, you can put a single item into | |
44 more than one group. Displaying any of those groups will show this | |
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45 item. Please don't overdo this, since the result would be annoying. |
21006 | 46 |
47 @item :link @var{link-data} | |
48 Include an external link after the documentation string for this item. | |
49 This is a sentence containing an active field which references some | |
50 other documentation. | |
51 | |
52 There are three alternatives you can use for @var{link-data}: | |
53 | |
54 @table @code | |
55 @item (custom-manual @var{info-node}) | |
56 Link to an Info node; @var{info-node} is a string which specifies the | |
57 node name, as in @code{"(emacs)Top"}. The link appears as | |
58 @samp{[manual]} in the customization buffer. | |
59 | |
60 @item (info-link @var{info-node}) | |
61 Like @code{custom-manual} except that the link appears | |
62 in the customization buffer with the Info node name. | |
63 | |
64 @item (url-link @var{url}) | |
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65 Link to a web page; @var{url} is a string which specifies the @sc{url}. |
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66 The link appears in the customization buffer as @var{url}. |
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67 |
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68 @item (emacs-commentary-link @var{library}) |
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69 Link to the commentary section of a library; @var{library} is a string |
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70 which specifies the library name. |
21006 | 71 @end table |
72 | |
73 You can specify the text to use in the customization buffer by adding | |
74 @code{:tag @var{name}} after the first element of the @var{link-data}; | |
75 for example, @code{(info-link :tag "foo" "(emacs)Top")} makes a link to | |
76 the Emacs manual which appears in the buffer as @samp{foo}. | |
77 | |
78 An item can have more than one external link; however, most items have | |
79 none at all. | |
80 | |
81 @item :load @var{file} | |
82 Load file @var{file} (a string) before displaying this customization | |
83 item. Loading is done with @code{load-library}, and only if the file is | |
84 not already loaded. | |
85 | |
86 @item :require @var{feature} | |
87 Require feature @var{feature} (a symbol) when installing a value for | |
88 this item (an option or a face) that was saved using the customization | |
89 feature. This is done by calling @code{require}. | |
90 | |
91 The most common reason to use @code{:require} is when a variable enables | |
92 a feature such as a minor mode, and just setting the variable won't have | |
93 any effect unless the code which implements the mode is loaded. | |
94 @end table | |
95 | |
96 @node Group Definitions | |
97 @section Defining Custom Groups | |
98 | |
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99 Each Emacs Lisp package should have one main customization group which |
21006 | 100 contains all the options, faces and other groups in the package. If the |
101 package has a small number of options and faces, use just one group and | |
102 put everything in it. When there are more than twelve or so options and | |
103 faces, then you should structure them into subgroups, and put the | |
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104 subgroups under the package's main customization group. It is OK to |
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105 put some of the options and faces in the package's main group alongside |
21006 | 106 the subgroups. |
107 | |
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108 The package's main or only group should be a member of one or more of |
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109 the standard customization groups. (To display the full list of them, |
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110 use @kbd{M-x customize}.) Choose one or more of them (but not too |
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111 many), and add your group to each of them using the @code{:group} |
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112 keyword. |
21006 | 113 |
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114 The way to declare new customization groups is with @code{defgroup}. |
21006 | 115 |
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116 @defmac defgroup group members doc [keyword value]... |
21006 | 117 Declare @var{group} as a customization group containing @var{members}. |
118 Do not quote the symbol @var{group}. The argument @var{doc} specifies | |
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119 the documentation string for the group. It should not start with a |
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120 @samp{*} as in @code{defcustom}; that convention is for variables only. |
21006 | 121 |
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122 The argument @var{members} is a list specifying an initial set of |
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123 customization items to be members of the group. However, most often |
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124 @var{members} is @code{nil}, and you specify the group's members by |
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125 using the @code{:group} keyword when defining those members. |
21006 | 126 |
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127 If you want to specify group members through @var{members}, each element |
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128 should have the form @code{(@var{name} @var{widget})}. Here @var{name} |
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129 is a symbol, and @var{widget} is a widget type for editing that symbol. |
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130 Useful widgets are @code{custom-variable} for a variable, |
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131 @code{custom-face} for a face, and @code{custom-group} for a group. |
21006 | 132 |
33150 | 133 When a new group is introduced into Emacs, use this keyword in |
134 @code{defgroup}: | |
135 | |
136 @table @code | |
137 @item :version @var{version} | |
138 This option specifies that the group was first introduced in Emacs | |
139 version @var{version}. The value @var{version} must be a string. | |
140 @end table | |
141 | |
142 Tag the group with a version like this when it is introduced, rather | |
143 than the individual members (@pxref{Variable Definitions}). | |
144 | |
21006 | 145 In addition to the common keywords (@pxref{Common Keywords}), you can |
33150 | 146 also use this keyword in @code{defgroup}: |
21006 | 147 |
148 @table @code | |
149 @item :prefix @var{prefix} | |
150 If the name of an item in the group starts with @var{prefix}, then the | |
151 tag for that item is constructed (by default) by omitting @var{prefix}. | |
152 | |
153 One group can have any number of prefixes. | |
154 @end table | |
155 @end defmac | |
156 | |
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157 The prefix-discarding feature is currently turned off, which means |
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158 that @code{:prefix} currently has no effect. We did this because we |
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159 found that discarding the specified prefixes often led to confusing |
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160 names for options. This happened because the people who wrote the |
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161 @code{defgroup} definitions for various groups added @code{:prefix} |
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162 keywords whenever they make logical sense---that is, whenever the |
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163 variables in the library have a common prefix. |
21006 | 164 |
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165 In order to obtain good results with @code{:prefix}, it would be |
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166 necessary to check the specific effects of discarding a particular |
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167 prefix, given the specific items in a group and their names and |
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168 documentation. If the resulting text is not clear, then @code{:prefix} |
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169 should not be used in that case. |
21006 | 170 |
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171 It should be possible to recheck all the customization groups, delete |
21006 | 172 the @code{:prefix} specifications which give unclear results, and then |
173 turn this feature back on, if someone would like to do the work. | |
174 | |
175 @node Variable Definitions | |
176 @section Defining Customization Variables | |
177 | |
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178 Use @code{defcustom} to declare user-editable variables. |
21006 | 179 |
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180 @defmac defcustom option default doc [keyword value]... |
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181 Declare @var{option} as a customizable user option variable. Do not |
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182 quote @var{option}. The argument @var{doc} specifies the documentation |
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183 string for the variable; it should normally start with a @samp{*}. This |
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184 marks the variable, for other purposes, as one that users may want to |
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185 customize. |
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186 |
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187 If @var{option} is void, @code{defcustom} initializes it to |
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188 @var{default}. @var{default} should be an expression to compute the |
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189 value; be careful in writing it, because it can be evaluated on more |
21006 | 190 than one occasion. |
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191 |
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192 When you evaluate a @code{defcustom} form with @kbd{C-M-x} in Emacs Lisp |
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193 mode (@code{eval-defun}), a special feature of @code{eval-defun} |
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194 arranges to set the variable unconditionally, without testing whether |
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195 its value is void. (The same feature applies to @code{defvar}.) |
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196 @xref{Defining Variables}. |
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197 @end defmac |
21006 | 198 |
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199 @code{defcustom} accepts the following additional keywords: |
21006 | 200 |
201 @table @code | |
202 @item :type @var{type} | |
203 Use @var{type} as the data type for this option. It specifies which | |
204 values are legitimate, and how to display the value. | |
205 @xref{Customization Types}, for more information. | |
206 | |
207 @item :options @var{list} | |
208 Specify @var{list} as the list of reasonable values for use in this | |
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209 option. The user is not restricted to using only these values, but they |
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210 are offered as convenient alternatives. |
21006 | 211 |
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212 This is meaningful only for certain types, currently including |
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213 @code{hook}, @code{plist} and @code{alist}. See the definition of the |
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214 individual types for a description of how to use @code{:options}. |
21006 | 215 |
216 @item :version @var{version} | |
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217 This option specifies that the variable was first introduced, or its |
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218 default value was changed, in Emacs version @var{version}. The value |
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219 @var{version} must be a string. For example, |
21006 | 220 |
221 @example | |
222 (defcustom foo-max 34 | |
223 "*Maximum number of foo's allowed." | |
224 :type 'integer | |
225 :group 'foo | |
226 :version "20.3") | |
227 @end example | |
228 | |
229 @item :set @var{setfunction} | |
230 Specify @var{setfunction} as the way to change the value of this option. | |
231 The function @var{setfunction} should take two arguments, a symbol and | |
232 the new value, and should do whatever is necessary to update the value | |
233 properly for this option (which may not mean simply setting the option | |
234 as a Lisp variable). The default for @var{setfunction} is | |
235 @code{set-default}. | |
236 | |
237 @item :get @var{getfunction} | |
238 Specify @var{getfunction} as the way to extract the value of this | |
239 option. The function @var{getfunction} should take one argument, a | |
240 symbol, and should return the ``current value'' for that symbol (which | |
241 need not be the symbol's Lisp value). The default is | |
242 @code{default-value}. | |
243 | |
244 @item :initialize @var{function} | |
245 @var{function} should be a function used to initialize the variable when | |
246 the @code{defcustom} is evaluated. It should take two arguments, the | |
247 symbol and value. Here are some predefined functions meant for use in | |
248 this way: | |
249 | |
250 @table @code | |
251 @item custom-initialize-set | |
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252 Use the variable's @code{:set} function to initialize the variable, but |
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253 do not reinitialize it if it is already non-void. This is the default |
21006 | 254 @code{:initialize} function. |
255 | |
256 @item custom-initialize-default | |
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257 Like @code{custom-initialize-set}, but use the function |
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258 @code{set-default} to set the variable, instead of the variable's |
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259 @code{:set} function. This is the usual choice for a variable whose |
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260 @code{:set} function enables or disables a minor mode; with this choice, |
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261 defining the variable will not call the minor mode function, but |
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262 customizing the variable will do so. |
21006 | 263 |
264 @item custom-initialize-reset | |
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265 Always use the @code{:set} function to initialize the variable. If the |
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266 variable is already non-void, reset it by calling the @code{:set} |
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267 function using the current value (returned by the @code{:get} method). |
21006 | 268 |
269 @item custom-initialize-changed | |
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270 Use the @code{:set} function to initialize the variable, if it is |
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271 already set or has been customized; otherwise, just use |
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272 @code{set-default}. |
21006 | 273 @end table |
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274 |
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275 @item :set-after @var{variables} |
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276 When setting variables according to saved customizations, make sure to |
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277 set the variables @var{variables} before this one; in other words, delay |
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278 setting this variable until after those others have been handled. Use |
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279 @code{:set-after} if setting this variable won't work properly unless |
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280 those other variables already have their intended values. |
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281 @end table |
21006 | 282 |
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283 The @code{:require} option is useful for an option that turns on the |
21006 | 284 operation of a certain feature. Assuming that the package is coded to |
285 check the value of the option, you still need to arrange for the package | |
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286 to be loaded. You can do that with @code{:require}. @xref{Common |
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287 Keywords}. Here is an example, from the library @file{paren.el}: |
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288 |
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289 @example |
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290 (defcustom show-paren-mode nil |
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291 "Toggle Show Paren mode..." |
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292 :set (lambda (symbol value) |
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293 (show-paren-mode (or value 0))) |
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294 :initialize 'custom-initialize-default |
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295 :type 'boolean |
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296 :group 'paren-showing |
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297 :require 'paren) |
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298 @end example |
21006 | 299 |
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300 If a customization item has a type such as @code{hook} or @code{alist}, |
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301 which supports @code{:options}, you can add additional options to the |
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302 item, outside the @code{defcustom} declaration, by calling |
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303 @code{custom-add-option}. For example, if you define a function |
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304 @code{my-lisp-mode-initialization} intended to be called from |
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305 @code{emacs-lisp-mode-hook}, you might want to add that to the list of |
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306 options for @code{emacs-lisp-mode-hook}, but not by editing its |
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307 definition. You can do it thus: |
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308 |
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309 @example |
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310 (custom-add-option 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook |
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311 'my-lisp-mode-initialization) |
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312 @end example |
21006 | 313 |
314 @defun custom-add-option symbol option | |
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315 To the customization @var{symbol}, add @var{option}. |
21006 | 316 |
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317 The precise effect of adding @var{option} depends on the customization |
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318 type of @var{symbol}. |
21006 | 319 @end defun |
320 | |
321 Internally, @code{defcustom} uses the symbol property | |
322 @code{standard-value} to record the expression for the default value, | |
323 and @code{saved-value} to record the value saved by the user with the | |
324 customization buffer. The @code{saved-value} property is actually a | |
325 list whose car is an expression which evaluates to the value. | |
326 | |
327 @node Customization Types | |
328 @section Customization Types | |
329 | |
330 When you define a user option with @code{defcustom}, you must specify | |
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331 its @dfn{customization type}. That is a Lisp object which describes (1) |
21006 | 332 which values are legitimate and (2) how to display the value in the |
333 customization buffer for editing. | |
334 | |
335 You specify the customization type in @code{defcustom} with the | |
336 @code{:type} keyword. The argument of @code{:type} is evaluated; since | |
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337 types that vary at run time are rarely useful, normally you use a quoted |
21006 | 338 constant. For example: |
339 | |
340 @example | |
341 (defcustom diff-command "diff" | |
342 "*The command to use to run diff." | |
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343 :type '(string) |
21006 | 344 :group 'diff) |
345 @end example | |
346 | |
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347 In general, a customization type is a list whose first element is a |
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348 symbol, one of the customization type names defined in the following |
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349 sections. After this symbol come a number of arguments, depending on |
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350 the symbol. Between the type symbol and its arguments, you can |
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351 optionally write keyword-value pairs (@pxref{Type Keywords}). |
21006 | 352 |
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353 Some of the type symbols do not use any arguments; those are called |
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354 @dfn{simple types}. For a simple type, if you do not use any |
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355 keyword-value pairs, you can omit the parentheses around the type |
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356 symbol. For example just @code{string} as a customization type is |
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357 equivalent to @code{(string)}. |
21006 | 358 |
359 @menu | |
360 * Simple Types:: | |
361 * Composite Types:: | |
362 * Splicing into Lists:: | |
363 * Type Keywords:: | |
364 @end menu | |
365 | |
366 @node Simple Types | |
367 @subsection Simple Types | |
368 | |
369 This section describes all the simple customization types. | |
370 | |
371 @table @code | |
372 @item sexp | |
373 The value may be any Lisp object that can be printed and read back. You | |
374 can use @code{sexp} as a fall-back for any option, if you don't want to | |
375 take the time to work out a more specific type to use. | |
376 | |
377 @item integer | |
378 The value must be an integer, and is represented textually | |
379 in the customization buffer. | |
380 | |
381 @item number | |
382 The value must be a number, and is represented textually in the | |
383 customization buffer. | |
384 | |
385 @item string | |
386 The value must be a string, and the customization buffer shows just the | |
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387 contents, with no delimiting @samp{"} characters and no quoting with |
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388 @samp{\}. |
21006 | 389 |
390 @item regexp | |
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391 Like @code{string} except that the string must be a valid regular |
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392 expression. |
21006 | 393 |
394 @item character | |
395 The value must be a character code. A character code is actually an | |
396 integer, but this type shows the value by inserting the character in the | |
397 buffer, rather than by showing the number. | |
398 | |
399 @item file | |
400 The value must be a file name, and you can do completion with | |
401 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. | |
402 | |
403 @item (file :must-match t) | |
404 The value must be a file name for an existing file, and you can do | |
405 completion with @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. | |
406 | |
407 @item directory | |
408 The value must be a directory name, and you can do completion with | |
409 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. | |
410 | |
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411 @item hook |
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412 The value must be a list of functions (or a single function, but that is |
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413 obsolete usage). This customization type is used for hook variables. |
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414 You can use the @code{:options} keyword in a hook variable's |
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415 @code{defcustom} to specify a list of functions recommended for use in |
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416 the hook; see @ref{Variable Definitions}. |
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417 |
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418 @item alist |
24952 | 419 The value must be a list of cons-cells, the @sc{car} of each cell |
420 representing a key, and the @sc{cdr} of the same cell representing an | |
421 associated value. The user can add and delete key/value pairs, and | |
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422 edit both the key and the value of each pair. |
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423 |
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424 You can specify the key and value types like this: |
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425 |
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426 @smallexample |
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427 (alist :key-type @var{key-type} :value-type @var{value-type}) |
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428 @end smallexample |
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429 |
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430 @noindent |
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431 where @var{key-type} and @var{value-type} are customization type |
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432 specifications. The default key type is @code{sexp}, and the default |
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433 value type is @code{sexp}. |
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434 |
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435 The user can add any key matching the specified key type, but you can |
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436 give some keys a preferential treatment by specifying them with the |
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437 @code{:options} (see @ref{Variable Definitions}). The specified keys |
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438 will always be shown in the customize buffer (together with a suitable |
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439 value), with a checkbox to include or exclude or disable the key/value |
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440 pair from the alist. The user will not be able to edit the keys |
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441 specified by the @code{:options} keyword argument. |
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442 |
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443 The argument to the @code{:options} keywords should be a list of option |
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444 specifications. Ordinarily, the options are simply atoms, which are the |
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445 specified keys. For example: |
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446 |
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447 @smallexample |
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448 :options '("foo" "bar" "baz") |
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449 @end smallexample |
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450 |
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451 @noindent |
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452 specifies that there are three ``known'' keys, namely @code{"foo"}, |
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453 @code{"bar"} and @code{"baz"}, which will always be shown first. |
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454 |
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455 You may want to restrict the value type for specific keys, for example, |
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456 the value associated with the @code{"bar"} key can only be an integer. |
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457 You can specify this by using a list instead of an atom in the option |
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458 specification. The first element will specify the key, like before, |
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459 while the second element will specify the value type. |
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460 |
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461 @smallexample |
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462 :options '("foo" ("bar" integer) "baz") |
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463 @end smallexample |
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464 |
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465 Finally, you may want to change how the key is presented. By default, |
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466 the key is simply shown as a @code{const}, since the user cannot change |
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467 the special keys specified with the @code{:options} keyword. However, |
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468 you may want to use a more specialized type for presenting the key, like |
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469 @code{function-item} if you know it is a symbol with a function binding. |
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470 This is done by using a customization type specification instead of a |
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471 symbol for the key. |
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472 |
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473 @smallexample |
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474 :options '("foo" ((function-item some-function) integer) "baz") |
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475 @end smallexample |
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476 |
24952 | 477 Many alists use lists with two elements, instead of cons cells. For |
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478 example, |
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479 |
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480 @smallexample |
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481 (defcustom list-alist '(("foo" 1) ("bar" 2) ("baz" 3)) |
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482 "Each element is a list of the form (KEY VALUE).") |
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483 @end smallexample |
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484 |
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485 @noindent |
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486 instead of |
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487 |
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488 @smallexample |
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489 (defcustom cons-alist '(("foo" . 1) ("bar" . 2) ("baz" . 3)) |
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490 "Each element is a cons-cell (KEY . VALUE).") |
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491 @end smallexample |
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492 |
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493 Because of the way lists are implemented on top of cons cells, you can |
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494 treat @code{list-alist} in the example above as a cons cell alist, where |
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495 the value type is a list with a single element containing the real |
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496 value. |
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497 |
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498 @smallexample |
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499 (defcustom list-alist '(("foo" 1) ("bar" 2) ("baz" 3)) |
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500 "Each element is a list of the form (KEY VALUE)." |
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501 :type '(alist :value-type (group integer))) |
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502 @end smallexample |
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503 |
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504 The @code{group} widget is used here instead of @code{list} only because |
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505 the formatting is better suited for the purpose. |
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506 |
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507 Similarily, you can have alists with more values associated with each |
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508 key, using variations of this trick: |
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509 |
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510 @smallexample |
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511 (defcustom person-data '(("brian" 50 t) |
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512 ("dorith" 55 nil) |
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513 ("ken" 52 t)) |
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514 "Alist of basic info about people. |
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515 Each element has the form (NAME AGE MALE-FLAG)." |
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516 :type '(alist :value-type (group age boolean))) |
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517 |
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518 (defcustom pets '(("brian") |
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519 ("dorith" "dog" "guppy") |
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520 ("ken" "cat")) |
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521 "Alist of people's pets. |
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522 In an element (KEY . VALUE), KEY is the person's name, |
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523 and the VALUE is a list of that person's pets." |
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524 :type '(alist :value-type (repeat string))) |
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525 @end smallexample |
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526 |
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527 @item plist |
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528 The @code{plist} custom type is similar to the @code{alist} (see above), |
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529 except that the information is stored as a property list, i.e. a list of |
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530 this form: |
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531 |
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532 @smallexample |
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533 (@var{key} @var{value} @var{key} @var{value} @var{key} @var{value} @dots{}) |
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534 @end smallexample |
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535 |
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536 The default @code{:key-type} for @code{plist} is @code{symbol}, |
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537 rather than @code{sexp}. |
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538 |
21006 | 539 @item symbol |
540 The value must be a symbol. It appears in the customization buffer as | |
541 the name of the symbol. | |
542 | |
543 @item function | |
544 The value must be either a lambda expression or a function name. When | |
545 it is a function name, you can do completion with @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. | |
546 | |
547 @item variable | |
548 The value must be a variable name, and you can do completion with | |
549 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. | |
550 | |
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551 @item face |
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552 The value must be a symbol which is a face name, and you can do |
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553 completion with @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. |
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554 |
21006 | 555 @item boolean |
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556 The value is boolean---either @code{nil} or @code{t}. Note that by |
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557 using @code{choice} and @code{const} together (see the next section), |
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558 you can specify that the value must be @code{nil} or @code{t}, but also |
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559 specify the text to describe each value in a way that fits the specific |
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560 meaning of the alternative. |
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561 |
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562 @item coding-system |
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563 The value must be a coding-system name, and you can do completion with |
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564 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. |
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565 |
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566 @item color |
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567 The value must be a valid color name, and you can do completion with |
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568 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. A sample is provided, |
21006 | 569 @end table |
570 | |
571 @node Composite Types | |
572 @subsection Composite Types | |
573 | |
574 When none of the simple types is appropriate, you can use composite | |
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575 types, which build new types from other types. Here are several ways of |
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576 doing that: |
21006 | 577 |
578 @table @code | |
579 @item (restricted-sexp :match-alternatives @var{criteria}) | |
580 The value may be any Lisp object that satisfies one of @var{criteria}. | |
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581 @var{criteria} should be a list, and each element should be |
21006 | 582 one of these possibilities: |
583 | |
584 @itemize @bullet | |
585 @item | |
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586 A predicate---that is, a function of one argument that has no side |
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587 effects, and returns either @code{nil} or non-@code{nil} according to |
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588 the argument. Using a predicate in the list says that objects for which |
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589 the predicate returns non-@code{nil} are acceptable. |
21006 | 590 |
591 @item | |
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592 A quoted constant---that is, @code{'@var{object}}. This sort of element |
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593 in the list says that @var{object} itself is an acceptable value. |
21006 | 594 @end itemize |
595 | |
596 For example, | |
597 | |
598 @example | |
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599 (restricted-sexp :match-alternatives |
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600 (integerp 't 'nil)) |
21006 | 601 @end example |
602 | |
603 @noindent | |
604 allows integers, @code{t} and @code{nil} as legitimate values. | |
605 | |
606 The customization buffer shows all legitimate values using their read | |
607 syntax, and the user edits them textually. | |
608 | |
609 @item (cons @var{car-type} @var{cdr-type}) | |
610 The value must be a cons cell, its @sc{car} must fit @var{car-type}, and | |
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611 its @sc{cdr} must fit @var{cdr-type}. For example, @code{(cons string |
21006 | 612 symbol)} is a customization type which matches values such as |
613 @code{("foo" . foo)}. | |
614 | |
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615 In the customization buffer, the @sc{car} and the @sc{cdr} are |
21006 | 616 displayed and edited separately, each according to the type |
617 that you specify for it. | |
618 | |
619 @item (list @var{element-types}@dots{}) | |
620 The value must be a list with exactly as many elements as the | |
621 @var{element-types} you have specified; and each element must fit the | |
622 corresponding @var{element-type}. | |
623 | |
624 For example, @code{(list integer string function)} describes a list of | |
625 three elements; the first element must be an integer, the second a | |
626 string, and the third a function. | |
627 | |
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628 In the customization buffer, each element is displayed and edited |
21006 | 629 separately, according to the type specified for it. |
630 | |
631 @item (vector @var{element-types}@dots{}) | |
632 Like @code{list} except that the value must be a vector instead of a | |
633 list. The elements work the same as in @code{list}. | |
634 | |
635 @item (choice @var{alternative-types}...) | |
636 The value must fit at least one of @var{alternative-types}. | |
637 For example, @code{(choice integer string)} allows either an | |
638 integer or a string. | |
639 | |
640 In the customization buffer, the user selects one of the alternatives | |
641 using a menu, and can then edit the value in the usual way for that | |
642 alternative. | |
643 | |
644 Normally the strings in this menu are determined automatically from the | |
645 choices; however, you can specify different strings for the menu by | |
646 including the @code{:tag} keyword in the alternatives. For example, if | |
647 an integer stands for a number of spaces, while a string is text to use | |
648 verbatim, you might write the customization type this way, | |
649 | |
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650 @example |
21006 | 651 (choice (integer :tag "Number of spaces") |
652 (string :tag "Literal text")) | |
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653 @end example |
21006 | 654 |
655 @noindent | |
656 so that the menu offers @samp{Number of spaces} and @samp{Literal Text}. | |
657 | |
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658 In any alternative for which @code{nil} is not a valid value, other than |
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659 a @code{const}, you should specify a valid default for that alternative |
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660 using the @code{:value} keyword. @xref{Type Keywords}. |
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661 |
21006 | 662 @item (const @var{value}) |
663 The value must be @var{value}---nothing else is allowed. | |
664 | |
665 The main use of @code{const} is inside of @code{choice}. For example, | |
666 @code{(choice integer (const nil))} allows either an integer or | |
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667 @code{nil}. |
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668 |
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669 @code{:tag} is often used with @code{const}, inside of @code{choice}. |
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670 For example, |
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671 |
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672 @example |
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673 (choice (const :tag "Yes" t) |
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674 (const :tag "No" nil) |
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675 (const :tag "Ask" foo)) |
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676 @end example |
21006 | 677 |
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678 @noindent |
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679 describes a variable for which @code{t} means yes, @code{nil} means no, |
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680 and @code{foo} means ``ask.'' |
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681 |
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682 @item (other @var{value}) |
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683 This alternative can match any Lisp value, but if the user chooses this |
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684 alternative, that selects the value @var{value}. |
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685 |
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686 The main use of @code{other} is as the last element of @code{choice}. |
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687 For example, |
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688 |
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689 @example |
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690 (choice (const :tag "Yes" t) |
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691 (const :tag "No" nil) |
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692 (other :tag "Ask" foo)) |
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693 @end example |
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694 |
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695 @noindent |
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696 describes a variable for which @code{t} means yes, @code{nil} means no, |
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697 and anything else means ``ask.'' If the user chooses @samp{Ask} from |
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698 the menu of alternatives, that specifies the value @code{foo}; but any |
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699 other value (not @code{t}, @code{nil} or @code{foo}) displays as |
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700 @samp{Ask}, just like @code{foo}. |
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701 |
21006 | 702 @item (function-item @var{function}) |
703 Like @code{const}, but used for values which are functions. This | |
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704 displays the documentation string as well as the function name. |
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705 The documentation string is either the one you specify with |
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706 @code{:doc}, or @var{function}'s own documentation string. |
21006 | 707 |
708 @item (variable-item @var{variable}) | |
709 Like @code{const}, but used for values which are variable names. This | |
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710 displays the documentation string as well as the variable name. The |
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711 documentation string is either the one you specify with @code{:doc}, or |
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712 @var{variable}'s own documentation string. |
21006 | 713 |
23902 | 714 @item (set @var{types}@dots{}) |
715 The value must be a list, and each element of the list must match one of | |
716 the @var{types} specified. | |
717 | |
718 This appears in the customization buffer as a checklist, so that each of | |
719 @var{types} may have either one corresponding element or none. It is | |
720 not possible to specify two different elements that match the same one | |
721 of @var{types}. For example, @code{(set integer symbol)} allows one | |
722 integer and/or one symbol in the list; it does not allow multiple | |
723 integers or multiple symbols. As a result, it is rare to use | |
724 nonspecific types such as @code{integer} in a @code{set}. | |
725 | |
726 Most often, the @var{types} in a @code{set} are @code{const} types, as | |
727 shown here: | |
728 | |
729 @example | |
730 (set (const :bold) (const :italic)) | |
731 @end example | |
732 | |
733 Sometimes they describe possible elements in an alist: | |
734 | |
735 @example | |
736 (set (cons :tag "Height" (const height) integer) | |
737 (cons :tag "Width" (const width) integer)) | |
738 @end example | |
739 | |
740 @noindent | |
741 That lets the user specify a height value optionally | |
742 and a width value optionally. | |
21006 | 743 |
744 @item (repeat @var{element-type}) | |
745 The value must be a list and each element of the list must fit the type | |
746 @var{element-type}. This appears in the customization buffer as a | |
747 list of elements, with @samp{[INS]} and @samp{[DEL]} buttons for adding | |
748 more elements or removing elements. | |
749 @end table | |
750 | |
751 @node Splicing into Lists | |
752 @subsection Splicing into Lists | |
753 | |
754 The @code{:inline} feature lets you splice a variable number of | |
755 elements into the middle of a list or vector. You use it in a | |
756 @code{set}, @code{choice} or @code{repeat} type which appears among the | |
757 element-types of a @code{list} or @code{vector}. | |
758 | |
759 Normally, each of the element-types in a @code{list} or @code{vector} | |
760 describes one and only one element of the list or vector. Thus, if an | |
761 element-type is a @code{repeat}, that specifies a list of unspecified | |
762 length which appears as one element. | |
763 | |
764 But when the element-type uses @code{:inline}, the value it matches is | |
765 merged directly into the containing sequence. For example, if it | |
766 matches a list with three elements, those become three elements of the | |
767 overall sequence. This is analogous to using @samp{,@@} in the backquote | |
768 construct. | |
769 | |
770 For example, to specify a list whose first element must be @code{t} | |
771 and whose remaining arguments should be zero or more of @code{foo} and | |
772 @code{bar}, use this customization type: | |
773 | |
774 @example | |
775 (list (const t) (set :inline t foo bar)) | |
776 @end example | |
777 | |
778 @noindent | |
779 This matches values such as @code{(t)}, @code{(t foo)}, @code{(t bar)} | |
780 and @code{(t foo bar)}. | |
781 | |
782 When the element-type is a @code{choice}, you use @code{:inline} not | |
783 in the @code{choice} itself, but in (some of) the alternatives of the | |
784 @code{choice}. For example, to match a list which must start with a | |
785 file name, followed either by the symbol @code{t} or two strings, use | |
786 this customization type: | |
787 | |
788 @example | |
789 (list file | |
790 (choice (const t) | |
791 (list :inline t string string))) | |
792 @end example | |
793 | |
794 @noindent | |
795 If the user chooses the first alternative in the choice, then the | |
796 overall list has two elements and the second element is @code{t}. If | |
797 the user chooses the second alternative, then the overall list has three | |
798 elements and the second and third must be strings. | |
799 | |
800 @node Type Keywords | |
801 @subsection Type Keywords | |
802 | |
803 You can specify keyword-argument pairs in a customization type after the | |
804 type name symbol. Here are the keywords you can use, and their | |
805 meanings: | |
806 | |
807 @table @code | |
808 @item :value @var{default} | |
809 This is used for a type that appears as an alternative inside of | |
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810 @code{choice}; it specifies the default value to use, at first, if and |
21006 | 811 when the user selects this alternative with the menu in the |
812 customization buffer. | |
813 | |
814 Of course, if the actual value of the option fits this alternative, it | |
815 will appear showing the actual value, not @var{default}. | |
816 | |
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817 If @code{nil} is not a valid value for the alternative, then it is |
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818 essential to specify a valid default with @code{:value}. |
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819 |
21006 | 820 @item :format @var{format-string} |
821 This string will be inserted in the buffer to represent the value | |
822 corresponding to the type. The following @samp{%} escapes are available | |
823 for use in @var{format-string}: | |
824 | |
825 @table @samp | |
826 @item %[@var{button}%] | |
827 Display the text @var{button} marked as a button. The @code{:action} | |
828 attribute specifies what the button will do if the user invokes it; | |
829 its value is a function which takes two arguments---the widget which | |
830 the button appears in, and the event. | |
831 | |
832 There is no way to specify two different buttons with different | |
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833 actions. |
21006 | 834 |
835 @item %@{@var{sample}%@} | |
836 Show @var{sample} in a special face specified by @code{:sample-face}. | |
837 | |
838 @item %v | |
839 Substitute the item's value. How the value is represented depends on | |
840 the kind of item, and (for variables) on the customization type. | |
841 | |
842 @item %d | |
843 Substitute the item's documentation string. | |
844 | |
845 @item %h | |
846 Like @samp{%d}, but if the documentation string is more than one line, | |
847 add an active field to control whether to show all of it or just the | |
848 first line. | |
849 | |
850 @item %t | |
851 Substitute the tag here. You specify the tag with the @code{:tag} | |
852 keyword. | |
853 | |
854 @item %% | |
855 Display a literal @samp{%}. | |
856 @end table | |
857 | |
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858 @item :action @var{action} |
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859 Perform @var{action} if the user clicks on a button. |
21006 | 860 |
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861 @item :button-face @var{face} |
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862 Use the face @var{face} (a face name or a list of face names) for button |
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863 text displayed with @samp{%[@dots{}%]}. |
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864 |
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865 @item :button-prefix @var{prefix} |
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866 @itemx :button-suffix @var{suffix} |
21006 | 867 These specify the text to display before and after a button. |
868 Each can be: | |
869 | |
870 @table @asis | |
871 @item @code{nil} | |
872 No text is inserted. | |
873 | |
874 @item a string | |
875 The string is inserted literally. | |
876 | |
877 @item a symbol | |
878 The symbol's value is used. | |
879 @end table | |
880 | |
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881 @item :tag @var{tag} |
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882 Use @var{tag} (a string) as the tag for the value (or part of the value) |
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883 that corresponds to this type. |
21006 | 884 |
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885 @item :doc @var{doc} |
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886 Use @var{doc} as the documentation string for this value (or part of the |
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887 value) that corresponds to this type. In order for this to work, you |
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888 must specify a value for @code{:format}, and use @samp{%d} or @samp{%h} |
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889 in that value. |
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890 |
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891 The usual reason to specify a documentation string for a type is to |
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892 provide more information about the meanings of alternatives inside a |
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893 @code{:choice} type or the parts of some other composite type. |
21006 | 894 |
895 @item :help-echo @var{motion-doc} | |
896 When you move to this item with @code{widget-forward} or | |
30500 | 897 @code{widget-backward}, it will display the string @var{motion-doc} in |
898 the echo area. In addition, @var{motion-doc} is used as the mouse | |
899 @code{help-echo} string and may actually be a function or form evaluated | |
900 to yield a help string as for @code{help-echo} text properties. | |
30904 | 901 @c @xref{Text help-echo}. |
21006 | 902 |
903 @item :match @var{function} | |
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904 Specify how to decide whether a value matches the type. The |
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905 corresponding value, @var{function}, should be a function that accepts |
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906 two arguments, a widget and a value; it should return non-@code{nil} if |
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907 the value is acceptable. |
21006 | 908 |
909 @ignore | |
910 @item :indent @var{columns} | |
911 Indent this item by @var{columns} columns. The indentation is used for | |
912 @samp{%n}, and automatically for group names, for checklists and radio | |
913 buttons, and for editable lists. It affects the whole of the | |
914 item except for the first line. | |
915 | |
916 @item :offset @var{columns} | |
917 An integer indicating how many extra spaces to indent the subitems of | |
918 this item. By default, subitems are indented the same as their parent. | |
919 | |
920 @item :extra-offset | |
921 An integer indicating how many extra spaces to add to this item's | |
922 indentation, compared to its parent. | |
923 | |
924 @item :notify | |
925 A function called each time the item or a subitem is changed. The | |
926 function is called with two or three arguments. The first argument is | |
927 the item itself, the second argument is the item that was changed, and | |
928 the third argument is the event leading to the change, if any. | |
929 | |
930 @item :menu-tag | |
931 Tag used in the menu when the widget is used as an option in a | |
932 @code{menu-choice} widget. | |
933 | |
934 @item :menu-tag-get | |
935 Function used for finding the tag when the widget is used as an option | |
936 in a @code{menu-choice} widget. By default, the tag used will be either the | |
937 @code{:menu-tag} or @code{:tag} property if present, or the @code{princ} | |
938 representation of the @code{:value} property if not. | |
939 | |
940 @item :validate | |
941 A function which takes a widget as an argument, and return nil if the | |
942 widgets current value is valid for the widget. Otherwise, it should | |
943 return the widget containing the invalid data, and set that widgets | |
944 @code{:error} property to a string explaining the error. | |
945 | |
946 You can use the function @code{widget-children-validate} for this job; | |
947 it tests that all children of @var{widget} are valid. | |
948 | |
949 @item :tab-order | |
950 Specify the order in which widgets are traversed with | |
951 @code{widget-forward} or @code{widget-backward}. This is only partially | |
952 implemented. | |
953 | |
954 @enumerate a | |
955 @item | |
956 Widgets with tabbing order @code{-1} are ignored. | |
957 | |
958 @item | |
959 (Unimplemented) When on a widget with tabbing order @var{n}, go to the | |
960 next widget in the buffer with tabbing order @var{n+1} or @code{nil}, | |
961 whichever comes first. | |
962 | |
963 @item | |
964 When on a widget with no tabbing order specified, go to the next widget | |
965 in the buffer with a positive tabbing order, or @code{nil} | |
966 @end enumerate | |
967 | |
968 @item :parent | |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
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969 The parent of a nested widget (e.g., a @code{menu-choice} item or an |
21006 | 970 element of a @code{editable-list} widget). |
971 | |
972 @item :sibling-args | |
973 This keyword is only used for members of a @code{radio-button-choice} or | |
974 @code{checklist}. The value should be a list of extra keyword | |
975 arguments, which will be used when creating the @code{radio-button} or | |
976 @code{checkbox} associated with this item. | |
977 @end ignore | |
978 @end table |