Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/rmail.texi @ 50235:fbce6d1d6a36
The following changes consolidate code related to writing and
inserting glyphs, exposing frame, the tool bar, the mouse face,
the output cursor, and help echo from xterm.c, w32term.c and
macterm.c into xdisp.c. It also generalizes the use of the
window_part enum instead of using numeric values throughout.
* xdisp.c: Consolidate gui-independent code here.
Include keymap.h.
(Qhelp_echo): Import.
(mouse_autoselect_window, x_stretch_cursor_p): Declare here.
(help_echo_string, help_echo_window, help_echo_object)
(previous_help_echo_string, help_echo_pos): Declare here.
(output_cursor, last_mouse_frame, last_tool_bar_item): Declare here.
(estimate_mode_line_height): Define here. Handle windowing
systems directly (without using estimate_mode_line_height_hook).
(x_y_to_hpos_vpos, get_tool_bar_item, note_tool_bar_highlight):
(update_window_cursor, update_cursor_in_window_tree)
(fast_find_position, fast_find_string_pos)
(note_mode_line_highlight, note_mode_line_or_margin_highlight)
(expose_area, expose_line, expose_overlaps, expose_window)
(expose_window_tree, phys_cursor_in_rect_p): New generic versions;
declared static as they are only used locally in xdisp.c.
(draw_glyphs): Rename from x_draw_glyphs and make static.
(tool_bar_item_info, notice_overwritten_cursor): Make static.
(frame_to_window_pixel_xy, get_glyph_string_clip_rect)
(set_output_cursor, x_cursor_to, handle_tool_bar_click)
(x_write_glyphs, x_insert_glyphs, x_clear_end_of_line):
(x_fix_overlapping_area, draw_phys_cursor_glyph, erase_phys_cursor)
(display_and_set_cursor, x_update_cursor, x_clear_cursor)
(show_mouse_face, clear_mouse_face, cursor_in_mouse_face_p)
(note_mouse_highlight, x_clear_window_mouse_face)
(cancel_mouse_face, x_draw_vertical_border, expose_frame)
(x_intersect_rectangles): New generic functions for use by xdisp.c
and GUI front-ends.
(syms_of_xdisp): Initialize and staticpro help_echo* variables.
Defvar_bool "x-streach-cursor" and "mouse-autoselect-window" here.
author | Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk> |
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date | Fri, 21 Mar 2003 13:52:28 +0000 |
parents | 23a1cea22d13 |
children | 695cf19ef79e d7ddb3e565de |
rev | line source |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
39287 | 2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,1997,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
4 @node Rmail, Dired, Sending Mail, Top | |
5 @chapter Reading Mail with Rmail | |
6 @cindex Rmail | |
7 @cindex reading mail | |
8 @findex rmail | |
9 @findex rmail-mode | |
10 @vindex rmail-mode-hook | |
11 | |
12 Rmail is an Emacs subsystem for reading and disposing of mail that you | |
13 receive. Rmail stores mail messages in files called Rmail files. | |
14 Reading the message in an Rmail file is done in a special major mode, | |
15 Rmail mode, which redefines most letters to run commands for managing | |
16 mail. The command @code{rmail-mode} is used to switch into Rmail mode, | |
17 and it runs the hook @code{rmail-mode-hook} as usual, but don't run this | |
18 command by hand; it can't do a reasonable job unless the buffer is | |
19 visiting a proper Rmail file. | |
20 | |
21 @menu | |
22 * Basic: Rmail Basics. Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use. | |
23 * Scroll: Rmail Scrolling. Scrolling through a message. | |
24 * Motion: Rmail Motion. Moving to another message. | |
25 * Deletion: Rmail Deletion. Deleting and expunging messages. | |
26 * Inbox: Rmail Inbox. How mail gets into the Rmail file. | |
27 * Files: Rmail Files. Using multiple Rmail files. | |
28 * Output: Rmail Output. Copying message out to files. | |
29 * Labels: Rmail Labels. Classifying messages by labeling them. | |
30 * Attrs: Rmail Attributes. Certain standard labels, called attributes. | |
31 * Reply: Rmail Reply. Sending replies to messages you are viewing. | |
32 * Summary: Rmail Summary. Summaries show brief info on many messages. | |
33 * Sort: Rmail Sorting. Sorting messages in Rmail. | |
34 * Display: Rmail Display. How Rmail displays a message; customization. | |
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35 * Coding: Rmail Coding. How Rmail handles decoding character sets. |
25829 | 36 * Editing: Rmail Editing. Editing message text and headers in Rmail. |
37 * Digest: Rmail Digest. Extracting the messages from a digest message. | |
38 * Out of Rmail:: Converting an Rmail file to mailbox format. | |
39 * Rot13: Rmail Rot13. Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code. | |
40 * Movemail: Movemail. More details of fetching new mail. | |
41 @end menu | |
42 | |
43 @node Rmail Basics | |
44 @section Basic Concepts of Rmail | |
45 | |
46 @cindex primary Rmail file | |
47 @vindex rmail-file-name | |
48 Using Rmail in the simplest fashion, you have one Rmail file | |
49 @file{~/RMAIL} in which all of your mail is saved. It is called your | |
50 @dfn{primary Rmail file}. The command @kbd{M-x rmail} reads your primary | |
51 Rmail file, merges new mail in from your inboxes, displays the first | |
52 message you haven't read yet, and lets you begin reading. The variable | |
53 @code{rmail-file-name} specifies the name of the primary Rmail file. | |
54 | |
55 Rmail uses narrowing to hide all but one message in the Rmail file. | |
56 The message that is shown is called the @dfn{current message}. Rmail | |
57 mode's special commands can do such things as delete the current | |
58 message, copy it into another file, send a reply, or move to another | |
59 message. You can also create multiple Rmail files and use Rmail to move | |
60 messages between them. | |
61 | |
62 @cindex message number | |
63 Within the Rmail file, messages are normally arranged sequentially in | |
64 order of receipt; you can specify other ways to sort them. Messages are | |
65 assigned consecutive integers as their @dfn{message numbers}. The | |
66 number of the current message is displayed in Rmail's mode line, | |
67 followed by the total number of messages in the file. You can move to a | |
68 message by specifying its message number with the @kbd{j} key | |
69 (@pxref{Rmail Motion}). | |
70 | |
71 @kindex s @r{(Rmail)} | |
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72 @findex rmail-expunge-and-save |
25829 | 73 Following the usual conventions of Emacs, changes in an Rmail file |
74 become permanent only when the file is saved. You can save it with | |
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75 @kbd{s} (@code{rmail-expunge-and-save}), which also expunges deleted |
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76 messages from the file first (@pxref{Rmail Deletion}). To save the |
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77 file without expunging, use @kbd{C-x C-s}. Rmail also saves the Rmail |
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78 file after merging new mail from an inbox file (@pxref{Rmail Inbox}). |
25829 | 79 |
80 @kindex q @r{(Rmail)} | |
81 @findex rmail-quit | |
82 @kindex b @r{(Rmail)} | |
83 @findex rmail-bury | |
84 You can exit Rmail with @kbd{q} (@code{rmail-quit}); this expunges and | |
85 saves the Rmail file and then switches to another buffer. But there is | |
36185 | 86 no need to ``exit'' formally. If you switch from Rmail to editing in |
25829 | 87 other buffers, and never happen to switch back, you have exited. (The |
88 Rmail command @kbd{b}, @code{rmail-bury}, does this for you.) Just make | |
89 sure to save the Rmail file eventually (like any other file you have | |
90 changed). @kbd{C-x s} is a good enough way to do this | |
91 (@pxref{Saving}). | |
92 | |
93 @node Rmail Scrolling | |
94 @section Scrolling Within a Message | |
95 | |
96 When Rmail displays a message that does not fit on the screen, you | |
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97 must scroll through it to read the rest. You could do this with |
25829 | 98 @kbd{C-v}, @kbd{M-v} and @kbd{M-<}, but in Rmail scrolling is so |
99 frequent that it deserves to be easier to type. | |
100 | |
101 @table @kbd | |
102 @item @key{SPC} | |
103 Scroll forward (@code{scroll-up}). | |
104 @item @key{DEL} | |
105 Scroll backward (@code{scroll-down}). | |
106 @item . | |
107 Scroll to start of message (@code{rmail-beginning-of-message}). | |
108 @end table | |
109 | |
110 @kindex SPC @r{(Rmail)} | |
111 @kindex DEL @r{(Rmail)} | |
112 Since the most common thing to do while reading a message is to scroll | |
113 through it by screenfuls, Rmail makes @key{SPC} and @key{DEL} synonyms of | |
114 @kbd{C-v} (@code{scroll-up}) and @kbd{M-v} (@code{scroll-down}) | |
115 | |
116 @kindex . @r{(Rmail)} | |
117 @findex rmail-beginning-of-message | |
118 The command @kbd{.} (@code{rmail-beginning-of-message}) scrolls back to the | |
119 beginning of the selected message. This is not quite the same as @kbd{M-<}: | |
120 for one thing, it does not set the mark; for another, it resets the buffer | |
121 boundaries to the current message if you have changed them. | |
122 | |
123 @node Rmail Motion | |
124 @section Moving Among Messages | |
125 | |
126 The most basic thing to do with a message is to read it. The way to | |
127 do this in Rmail is to make the message current. The usual practice is | |
128 to move sequentially through the file, since this is the order of | |
129 receipt of messages. When you enter Rmail, you are positioned at the | |
130 first message that you have not yet made current (that is, the first one | |
131 that has the @samp{unseen} attribute; @pxref{Rmail Attributes}). Move | |
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132 forward to see the other new messages; move backward to re-examine old |
25829 | 133 messages. |
134 | |
135 @table @kbd | |
136 @item n | |
137 Move to the next nondeleted message, skipping any intervening deleted | |
138 messages (@code{rmail-next-undeleted-message}). | |
139 @item p | |
140 Move to the previous nondeleted message | |
141 (@code{rmail-previous-undeleted-message}). | |
142 @item M-n | |
143 Move to the next message, including deleted messages | |
144 (@code{rmail-next-message}). | |
145 @item M-p | |
146 Move to the previous message, including deleted messages | |
147 (@code{rmail-previous-message}). | |
148 @item j | |
149 Move to the first message. With argument @var{n}, move to | |
150 message number @var{n} (@code{rmail-show-message}). | |
151 @item > | |
152 Move to the last message (@code{rmail-last-message}). | |
153 @item < | |
154 Move to the first message (@code{rmail-first-message}). | |
155 | |
156 @item M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
157 Move to the next message containing a match for @var{regexp} | |
158 (@code{rmail-search}). | |
159 | |
160 @item - M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
161 Move to the previous message containing a match for @var{regexp}. | |
162 @end table | |
163 | |
164 @kindex n @r{(Rmail)} | |
165 @kindex p @r{(Rmail)} | |
166 @kindex M-n @r{(Rmail)} | |
167 @kindex M-p @r{(Rmail)} | |
168 @findex rmail-next-undeleted-message | |
169 @findex rmail-previous-undeleted-message | |
170 @findex rmail-next-message | |
171 @findex rmail-previous-message | |
172 @kbd{n} and @kbd{p} are the usual way of moving among messages in | |
173 Rmail. They move through the messages sequentially, but skip over | |
174 deleted messages, which is usually what you want to do. Their command | |
175 definitions are named @code{rmail-next-undeleted-message} and | |
176 @code{rmail-previous-undeleted-message}. If you do not want to skip | |
177 deleted messages---for example, if you want to move to a message to | |
178 undelete it---use the variants @kbd{M-n} and @kbd{M-p} | |
179 (@code{rmail-next-message} and @code{rmail-previous-message}). A | |
180 numeric argument to any of these commands serves as a repeat | |
181 count.@refill | |
182 | |
183 In Rmail, you can specify a numeric argument by typing just the | |
184 digits. You don't need to type @kbd{C-u} first. | |
185 | |
186 @kindex M-s @r{(Rmail)} | |
187 @findex rmail-search | |
188 @cindex searching in Rmail | |
189 The @kbd{M-s} (@code{rmail-search}) command is Rmail's version of | |
190 search. The usual incremental search command @kbd{C-s} works in Rmail, | |
191 but it searches only within the current message. The purpose of | |
192 @kbd{M-s} is to search for another message. It reads a regular | |
193 expression (@pxref{Regexps}) nonincrementally, then searches starting at | |
194 the beginning of the following message for a match. It then selects | |
195 that message. If @var{regexp} is empty, @kbd{M-s} reuses the regexp | |
196 used the previous time. | |
197 | |
198 To search backward in the file for another message, give @kbd{M-s} a | |
199 negative argument. In Rmail you can do this with @kbd{- M-s}. | |
200 | |
201 It is also possible to search for a message based on labels. | |
202 @xref{Rmail Labels}. | |
203 | |
204 @kindex j @r{(Rmail)} | |
205 @kindex > @r{(Rmail)} | |
206 @kindex < @r{(Rmail)} | |
207 @findex rmail-show-message | |
208 @findex rmail-last-message | |
209 @findex rmail-first-message | |
210 To move to a message specified by absolute message number, use @kbd{j} | |
211 (@code{rmail-show-message}) with the message number as argument. With | |
212 no argument, @kbd{j} selects the first message. @kbd{<} | |
213 (@code{rmail-first-message}) also selects the first message. @kbd{>} | |
214 (@code{rmail-last-message}) selects the last message. | |
215 | |
216 @node Rmail Deletion | |
217 @section Deleting Messages | |
218 | |
219 @cindex deletion (Rmail) | |
220 When you no longer need to keep a message, you can @dfn{delete} it. This | |
221 flags it as ignorable, and some Rmail commands pretend it is no longer | |
222 present; but it still has its place in the Rmail file, and still has its | |
223 message number. | |
224 | |
225 @cindex expunging (Rmail) | |
226 @dfn{Expunging} the Rmail file actually removes the deleted messages. | |
227 The remaining messages are renumbered consecutively. Expunging is the only | |
228 action that changes the message number of any message, except for | |
229 undigestifying (@pxref{Rmail Digest}). | |
230 | |
231 @table @kbd | |
232 @item d | |
233 Delete the current message, and move to the next nondeleted message | |
234 (@code{rmail-delete-forward}). | |
235 @item C-d | |
236 Delete the current message, and move to the previous nondeleted | |
237 message (@code{rmail-delete-backward}). | |
238 @item u | |
239 Undelete the current message, or move back to a deleted message and | |
240 undelete it (@code{rmail-undelete-previous-message}). | |
241 @item x | |
242 Expunge the Rmail file (@code{rmail-expunge}). | |
243 @end table | |
244 | |
245 @kindex d @r{(Rmail)} | |
246 @kindex C-d @r{(Rmail)} | |
247 @findex rmail-delete-forward | |
248 @findex rmail-delete-backward | |
249 There are two Rmail commands for deleting messages. Both delete the | |
250 current message and select another message. @kbd{d} | |
251 (@code{rmail-delete-forward}) moves to the following message, skipping | |
252 messages already deleted, while @kbd{C-d} (@code{rmail-delete-backward}) | |
253 moves to the previous nondeleted message. If there is no nondeleted | |
254 message to move to in the specified direction, the message that was just | |
255 deleted remains current. A numeric argument to either command reverses | |
256 the direction of motion after deletion. | |
257 | |
258 @vindex rmail-delete-message-hook | |
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259 Whenever Rmail deletes a message, it runs the hook |
25829 | 260 @code{rmail-delete-message-hook}. When the hook functions are invoked, |
261 the message has been marked deleted, but it is still the current message | |
262 in the Rmail buffer. | |
263 | |
264 @cindex undeletion (Rmail) | |
265 @kindex x @r{(Rmail)} | |
266 @findex rmail-expunge | |
267 @kindex u @r{(Rmail)} | |
268 @findex rmail-undelete-previous-message | |
269 To make all the deleted messages finally vanish from the Rmail file, | |
270 type @kbd{x} (@code{rmail-expunge}). Until you do this, you can still | |
271 @dfn{undelete} the deleted messages. The undeletion command, @kbd{u} | |
272 (@code{rmail-undelete-previous-message}), is designed to cancel the | |
273 effect of a @kbd{d} command in most cases. It undeletes the current | |
274 message if the current message is deleted. Otherwise it moves backward | |
275 to previous messages until a deleted message is found, and undeletes | |
276 that message. | |
277 | |
278 You can usually undo a @kbd{d} with a @kbd{u} because the @kbd{u} | |
279 moves back to and undeletes the message that the @kbd{d} deleted. But | |
280 this does not work when the @kbd{d} skips a few already-deleted messages | |
281 that follow the message being deleted; then the @kbd{u} command | |
282 undeletes the last of the messages that were skipped. There is no clean | |
283 way to avoid this problem. However, by repeating the @kbd{u} command, | |
284 you can eventually get back to the message that you intend to | |
285 undelete. You can also select a particular deleted message with | |
286 the @kbd{M-p} command, then type @kbd{u} to undelete it. | |
287 | |
288 A deleted message has the @samp{deleted} attribute, and as a result | |
289 @samp{deleted} appears in the mode line when the current message is | |
290 deleted. In fact, deleting or undeleting a message is nothing more than | |
291 adding or removing this attribute. @xref{Rmail Attributes}. | |
292 | |
293 @node Rmail Inbox | |
294 @section Rmail Files and Inboxes | |
295 @cindex inbox file | |
296 | |
297 The operating system places incoming mail for you in a file that we | |
298 call your @dfn{inbox}. When you start up Rmail, it runs a C program | |
299 called @code{movemail} to copy the new messages from your inbox into | |
300 your primary Rmail file, which also contains other messages saved from | |
301 previous Rmail sessions. It is in this file that you actually read the | |
302 mail with Rmail. This operation is called @dfn{getting new mail}. You | |
303 can get new mail at any time in Rmail by typing @kbd{g}. | |
304 | |
305 @vindex rmail-primary-inbox-list | |
29107 | 306 @cindex @env{MAIL} environment variable |
25829 | 307 The variable @code{rmail-primary-inbox-list} contains a list of the |
308 files which are inboxes for your primary Rmail file. If you don't set | |
29107 | 309 this variable explicitly, it is initialized from the @env{MAIL} |
25829 | 310 environment variable, or, as a last resort, set to @code{nil}, which |
311 means to use the default inbox. The default inbox is | |
312 @file{/var/mail/@var{username}}, @file{/usr/spool/mail/@var{username}}, | |
313 or @file{/usr/mail/@var{username}}, depending on your operating system. | |
314 | |
315 To see what the default is on your system, use @kbd{C-h v | |
316 rmail-primary-inbox @key{RET}}. You can specify the inbox file(s) for | |
317 any Rmail file with the command @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}; see | |
318 @ref{Rmail Files}. | |
319 | |
320 There are two reasons for having separate Rmail files and inboxes. | |
321 | |
322 @enumerate | |
323 @item | |
324 The inbox file format varies between operating systems and according to | |
325 the other mail software in use. Only one part of Rmail needs to know | |
326 about the alternatives, and it need only understand how to convert all | |
327 of them to Rmail's own format. | |
328 | |
329 @item | |
330 It is very cumbersome to access an inbox file without danger of losing | |
331 mail, because it is necessary to interlock with mail delivery. | |
332 Moreover, different operating systems use different interlocking | |
333 techniques. The strategy of moving mail out of the inbox once and for | |
334 all into a separate Rmail file avoids the need for interlocking in all | |
335 the rest of Rmail, since only Rmail operates on the Rmail file. | |
336 @end enumerate | |
337 | |
338 Rmail was written to use Babyl format as its internal format. Since | |
339 then, we have recognized that the usual inbox format on Unix and GNU | |
340 systems is adequate for the job, and we plan to change Rmail to use that | |
341 as its internal format. However, the Rmail file will still be separate | |
342 from the inbox file, even on systems where their format is the same. | |
343 | |
344 @node Rmail Files | |
345 @section Multiple Rmail Files | |
346 | |
347 Rmail operates by default on your @dfn{primary Rmail file}, which is named | |
348 @file{~/RMAIL} and receives your incoming mail from your system inbox file. | |
349 But you can also have other Rmail files and edit them with Rmail. These | |
350 files can receive mail through their own inboxes, or you can move messages | |
351 into them with explicit Rmail commands (@pxref{Rmail Output}). | |
352 | |
353 @table @kbd | |
354 @item i @var{file} @key{RET} | |
355 Read @var{file} into Emacs and run Rmail on it (@code{rmail-input}). | |
356 | |
357 @item M-x set-rmail-inbox-list @key{RET} @var{files} @key{RET} | |
358 Specify inbox file names for current Rmail file to get mail from. | |
359 | |
360 @item g | |
361 Merge new mail from current Rmail file's inboxes | |
362 (@code{rmail-get-new-mail}). | |
363 | |
364 @item C-u g @var{file} @key{RET} | |
365 Merge new mail from inbox file @var{file}. | |
366 @end table | |
367 | |
368 @kindex i @r{(Rmail)} | |
369 @findex rmail-input | |
370 To run Rmail on a file other than your primary Rmail file, you may use | |
371 the @kbd{i} (@code{rmail-input}) command in Rmail. This visits the file | |
372 in Rmail mode. You can use @kbd{M-x rmail-input} even when not in | |
373 Rmail. | |
374 | |
375 The file you read with @kbd{i} should normally be a valid Rmail file. | |
376 If it is not, Rmail tries to decompose it into a stream of messages in | |
377 various known formats. If it succeeds, it converts the whole file to an | |
378 Rmail file. If you specify a file name that doesn't exist, @kbd{i} | |
379 initializes a new buffer for creating a new Rmail file. | |
380 | |
381 @vindex rmail-secondary-file-directory | |
382 @vindex rmail-secondary-file-regexp | |
383 You can also select an Rmail file from a menu. Choose first the menu | |
384 bar Classify item, then from the Classify menu choose the Input Rmail | |
385 File item; then choose the Rmail file you want. The variables | |
386 @code{rmail-secondary-file-directory} and | |
387 @code{rmail-secondary-file-regexp} specify which files to offer in the | |
388 menu: the first variable says which directory to find them in; the | |
389 second says which files in that directory to offer (all those that match | |
390 the regular expression). These variables also apply to choosing a file | |
391 for output (@pxref{Rmail Output}). | |
392 | |
393 @findex set-rmail-inbox-list | |
394 Each Rmail file can contain a list of inbox file names; you can specify | |
395 this list with @kbd{M-x set-rmail-inbox-list @key{RET} @var{files} | |
396 @key{RET}}. The argument can contain any number of file names, separated | |
397 by commas. It can also be empty, which specifies that this file should | |
398 have no inboxes. Once a list of inboxes is specified, the Rmail file | |
399 remembers it permanently until you specify a different list. | |
400 | |
401 As a special exception, if your primary Rmail file does not specify any | |
402 inbox files, it uses your standard system inbox. | |
403 | |
404 @kindex g @r{(Rmail)} | |
405 @findex rmail-get-new-mail | |
406 The @kbd{g} command (@code{rmail-get-new-mail}) merges mail into the | |
407 current Rmail file from its specified inboxes. If the Rmail file | |
408 has no inboxes, @kbd{g} does nothing. The command @kbd{M-x rmail} | |
409 also merges new mail into your primary Rmail file. | |
410 | |
411 To merge mail from a file that is not the usual inbox, give the | |
412 @kbd{g} key a numeric argument, as in @kbd{C-u g}. Then it reads a file | |
413 name and merges mail from that file. The inbox file is not deleted or | |
414 changed in any way when @kbd{g} with an argument is used. This is, | |
415 therefore, a general way of merging one file of messages into another. | |
416 | |
417 @node Rmail Output | |
418 @section Copying Messages Out to Files | |
419 | |
420 These commands copy messages from an Rmail file into another file. | |
421 | |
422 @table @kbd | |
423 @item o @var{file} @key{RET} | |
424 Append a copy of the current message to the file @var{file}, using Rmail | |
425 file format by default (@code{rmail-output-to-rmail-file}). | |
426 | |
427 @item C-o @var{file} @key{RET} | |
428 Append a copy of the current message to the file @var{file}, using | |
429 system inbox file format by default (@code{rmail-output}). | |
430 | |
431 @item w @var{file} @key{RET} | |
432 Output just the message body to the file @var{file}, taking the default | |
433 file name from the message @samp{Subject} header. | |
434 @end table | |
435 | |
436 @kindex o @r{(Rmail)} | |
437 @findex rmail-output-to-rmail-file | |
438 @kindex C-o @r{(Rmail)} | |
439 @findex rmail-output | |
440 The commands @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} copy the current message into a | |
441 specified file. This file may be an Rmail file or it may be in system | |
442 inbox format; the output commands ascertain the file's format and write | |
443 the copied message in that format. | |
444 | |
445 The @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} commands differ in two ways: each has its | |
446 own separate default file name, and each specifies a choice of format to | |
447 use when the file does not already exist. The @kbd{o} command uses | |
448 Rmail format when it creates a new file, while @kbd{C-o} uses system | |
449 inbox format for a new file. The default file name for @kbd{o} is the | |
450 file name used last with @kbd{o}, and the default file name for | |
451 @kbd{C-o} is the file name used last with @kbd{C-o}. | |
452 | |
453 If the output file is an Rmail file currently visited in an Emacs buffer, | |
454 the output commands copy the message into that buffer. It is up to you | |
455 to save the buffer eventually in its file. | |
456 | |
457 @kindex w @r{(Rmail)} | |
458 @findex rmail-output-body-to-file | |
459 Sometimes you may receive a message whose body holds the contents of a | |
460 file. You can save the body to a file (excluding the message header) | |
461 with the @kbd{w} command (@code{rmail-output-body-to-file}). Often | |
462 these messages contain the intended file name in the @samp{Subject} | |
463 field, so the @kbd{w} command uses the @samp{Subject} field as the | |
464 default for the output file name. However, the file name is read using | |
465 the minibuffer, so you can specify a different name if you wish. | |
466 | |
467 You can also output a message to an Rmail file chosen with a menu. | |
468 Choose first the menu bar Classify item, then from the Classify menu | |
469 choose the Output Rmail File menu item; then choose the Rmail file you want. | |
470 This outputs the current message to that file, like the @kbd{o} command. | |
471 The variables @code{rmail-secondary-file-directory} and | |
472 @code{rmail-secondary-file-regexp} specify which files to offer in the | |
473 menu: the first variable says which directory to find them in; the | |
474 second says which files in that directory to offer (all those that match | |
475 the regular expression). | |
476 | |
477 @vindex rmail-delete-after-output | |
478 Copying a message gives the original copy of the message the | |
479 @samp{filed} attribute, so that @samp{filed} appears in the mode line | |
480 when such a message is current. If you like to keep just a single copy | |
481 of every mail message, set the variable @code{rmail-delete-after-output} | |
482 to @code{t}; then the @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} commands delete the original | |
483 message after copying it. (You can undelete the original afterward if | |
484 you wish.) | |
485 | |
486 Copying messages into files in system inbox format uses the header | |
487 fields that are displayed in Rmail at the time. Thus, if you use the | |
488 @kbd{t} command to view the entire header and then copy the message, the | |
489 entire header is copied. @xref{Rmail Display}. | |
490 | |
491 @vindex rmail-output-file-alist | |
492 The variable @code{rmail-output-file-alist} lets you specify | |
493 intelligent defaults for the output file, based on the contents of the | |
494 current message. The value should be a list whose elements have this | |
495 form: | |
496 | |
497 @example | |
498 (@var{regexp} . @var{name-exp}) | |
499 @end example | |
500 | |
501 @noindent | |
502 If there's a match for @var{regexp} in the current message, then the | |
503 default file name for output is @var{name-exp}. If multiple elements | |
504 match the message, the first matching element decides the default file | |
505 name. The subexpression @var{name-exp} may be a string constant giving | |
506 the file name to use, or more generally it may be any Lisp expression | |
507 that returns a file name as a string. @code{rmail-output-file-alist} | |
508 applies to both @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o}. | |
509 | |
510 @node Rmail Labels | |
511 @section Labels | |
512 @cindex label (Rmail) | |
513 @cindex attribute (Rmail) | |
514 | |
515 Each message can have various @dfn{labels} assigned to it as a means | |
516 of classification. Each label has a name; different names are different | |
517 labels. Any given label is either present or absent on a particular | |
518 message. A few label names have standard meanings and are given to | |
519 messages automatically by Rmail when appropriate; these special labels | |
520 are called @dfn{attributes}. | |
521 @ifinfo | |
522 (@xref{Rmail Attributes}.) | |
523 @end ifinfo | |
524 All other labels are assigned only by users. | |
525 | |
526 @table @kbd | |
527 @item a @var{label} @key{RET} | |
528 Assign the label @var{label} to the current message (@code{rmail-add-label}). | |
529 @item k @var{label} @key{RET} | |
530 Remove the label @var{label} from the current message (@code{rmail-kill-label}). | |
531 @item C-M-n @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
532 Move to the next message that has one of the labels @var{labels} | |
533 (@code{rmail-next-labeled-message}). | |
534 @item C-M-p @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
535 Move to the previous message that has one of the labels @var{labels} | |
536 (@code{rmail-previous-labeled-message}). | |
537 @item C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
538 Make a summary of all messages containing any of the labels @var{labels} | |
539 (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}). | |
540 @end table | |
541 | |
542 @kindex a @r{(Rmail)} | |
543 @kindex k @r{(Rmail)} | |
544 @findex rmail-add-label | |
545 @findex rmail-kill-label | |
546 The @kbd{a} (@code{rmail-add-label}) and @kbd{k} | |
547 (@code{rmail-kill-label}) commands allow you to assign or remove any | |
548 label on the current message. If the @var{label} argument is empty, it | |
549 means to assign or remove the same label most recently assigned or | |
550 removed. | |
551 | |
552 Once you have given messages labels to classify them as you wish, there | |
553 are two ways to use the labels: in moving and in summaries. | |
554 | |
555 @kindex C-M-n @r{(Rmail)} | |
556 @kindex C-M-p @r{(Rmail)} | |
557 @findex rmail-next-labeled-message | |
558 @findex rmail-previous-labeled-message | |
559 The command @kbd{C-M-n @var{labels} @key{RET}} | |
560 (@code{rmail-next-labeled-message}) moves to the next message that has | |
561 one of the labels @var{labels}. The argument @var{labels} specifies one | |
562 or more label names, separated by commas. @kbd{C-M-p} | |
563 (@code{rmail-previous-labeled-message}) is similar, but moves backwards | |
564 to previous messages. A numeric argument to either command serves as a | |
565 repeat count. | |
566 | |
567 The command @kbd{C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET}} | |
568 (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}) displays a summary containing only the | |
569 messages that have at least one of a specified set of labels. The | |
570 argument @var{labels} is one or more label names, separated by commas. | |
571 @xref{Rmail Summary}, for information on summaries.@refill | |
572 | |
573 If the @var{labels} argument to @kbd{C-M-n}, @kbd{C-M-p} or | |
574 @kbd{C-M-l} is empty, it means to use the last set of labels specified | |
575 for any of these commands. | |
576 | |
577 @node Rmail Attributes | |
578 @section Rmail Attributes | |
579 | |
580 Some labels such as @samp{deleted} and @samp{filed} have built-in | |
581 meanings and are assigned to or removed from messages automatically at | |
582 appropriate times; these labels are called @dfn{attributes}. Here is a | |
583 list of Rmail attributes: | |
584 | |
585 @table @samp | |
586 @item unseen | |
587 Means the message has never been current. Assigned to messages when | |
588 they come from an inbox file, and removed when a message is made | |
589 current. When you start Rmail, it initially shows the first message | |
590 that has this attribute. | |
591 @item deleted | |
592 Means the message is deleted. Assigned by deletion commands and | |
593 removed by undeletion commands (@pxref{Rmail Deletion}). | |
594 @item filed | |
595 Means the message has been copied to some other file. Assigned by the | |
596 file output commands (@pxref{Rmail Files}). | |
597 @item answered | |
598 Means you have mailed an answer to the message. Assigned by the @kbd{r} | |
599 command (@code{rmail-reply}). @xref{Rmail Reply}. | |
600 @item forwarded | |
601 Means you have forwarded the message. Assigned by the @kbd{f} command | |
602 (@code{rmail-forward}). @xref{Rmail Reply}. | |
603 @item edited | |
604 Means you have edited the text of the message within Rmail. | |
605 @xref{Rmail Editing}. | |
606 @item resent | |
607 Means you have resent the message. Assigned by the command @kbd{M-x | |
608 rmail-resend}. @xref{Rmail Reply}. | |
609 @end table | |
610 | |
611 All other labels are assigned or removed only by the user, and have no | |
612 standard meaning. | |
613 | |
614 @node Rmail Reply | |
615 @section Sending Replies | |
616 | |
617 Rmail has several commands that use Mail mode to send outgoing mail. | |
618 @xref{Sending Mail}, for information on using Mail mode, including | |
619 certain features meant to work with Rmail. What this section documents | |
620 are the special commands of Rmail for entering Mail mode. Note that the | |
621 usual keys for sending mail---@kbd{C-x m}, @kbd{C-x 4 m}, and @kbd{C-x 5 | |
622 m}---are available in Rmail mode and work just as they usually do. | |
623 | |
624 @table @kbd | |
625 @item m | |
626 Send a message (@code{rmail-mail}). | |
627 @item c | |
628 Continue editing the already started outgoing message (@code{rmail-continue}). | |
629 @item r | |
630 Send a reply to the current Rmail message (@code{rmail-reply}). | |
631 @item f | |
632 Forward the current message to other users (@code{rmail-forward}). | |
633 @item C-u f | |
634 Resend the current message to other users (@code{rmail-resend}). | |
635 @item M-m | |
636 Try sending a bounced message a second time (@code{rmail-retry-failure}). | |
637 @end table | |
638 | |
639 @kindex r @r{(Rmail)} | |
640 @findex rmail-reply | |
641 @cindex reply to a message | |
642 The most common reason to send a message while in Rmail is to reply to | |
643 the message you are reading. To do this, type @kbd{r} | |
644 (@code{rmail-reply}). This displays the @samp{*mail*} buffer in another | |
645 window, much like @kbd{C-x 4 m}, but preinitializes the @samp{Subject}, | |
646 @samp{To}, @samp{CC} and @samp{In-reply-to} header fields based on the | |
647 message you are replying to. The @samp{To} field starts out as the | |
648 address of the person who sent the message you received, and the | |
649 @samp{CC} field starts out with all the other recipients of that | |
650 message. | |
651 | |
652 @vindex rmail-dont-reply-to-names | |
653 You can exclude certain recipients from being placed automatically in | |
654 the @samp{CC}, using the variable @code{rmail-dont-reply-to-names}. Its | |
655 value should be a regular expression (as a string); any recipient that | |
656 the regular expression matches, is excluded from the @samp{CC} field. | |
657 The default value matches your own name, and any name starting with | |
658 @samp{info-}. (Those names are excluded because there is a convention | |
659 of using them for large mailing lists to broadcast announcements.) | |
660 | |
661 To omit the @samp{CC} field completely for a particular reply, enter | |
662 the reply command with a numeric argument: @kbd{C-u r} or @kbd{1 r}. | |
663 | |
664 Once the @samp{*mail*} buffer has been initialized, editing and | |
665 sending the mail goes as usual (@pxref{Sending Mail}). You can edit the | |
666 presupplied header fields if they are not right for you. You can also | |
667 use the commands of Mail mode (@pxref{Mail Mode}), including @kbd{C-c | |
668 C-y} which yanks in the message that you are replying to. You can | |
669 switch to the Rmail buffer, select a different message there, switch | |
670 back, and yank the new current message. | |
671 | |
672 @kindex M-m @r{(Rmail)} | |
673 @findex rmail-retry-failure | |
674 @cindex retrying a failed message | |
675 @vindex rmail-retry-ignored-headers | |
676 Sometimes a message does not reach its destination. Mailers usually | |
677 send the failed message back to you, enclosed in a @dfn{failure | |
678 message}. The Rmail command @kbd{M-m} (@code{rmail-retry-failure}) | |
679 prepares to send the same message a second time: it sets up a | |
680 @samp{*mail*} buffer with the same text and header fields as before. If | |
681 you type @kbd{C-c C-c} right away, you send the message again exactly | |
682 the same as the first time. Alternatively, you can edit the text or | |
683 headers and then send it. The variable | |
684 @code{rmail-retry-ignored-headers}, in the same format as | |
685 @code{rmail-ignored-headers} (@pxref{Rmail Display}), controls which | |
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686 headers are stripped from the failed message when retrying it. |
25829 | 687 |
688 @kindex f @r{(Rmail)} | |
689 @findex rmail-forward | |
690 @cindex forwarding a message | |
691 Another frequent reason to send mail in Rmail is to @dfn{forward} the | |
692 current message to other users. @kbd{f} (@code{rmail-forward}) makes | |
693 this easy by preinitializing the @samp{*mail*} buffer with the current | |
694 message as the text, and a subject designating a forwarded message. All | |
695 you have to do is fill in the recipients and send. When you forward a | |
696 message, recipients get a message which is ``from'' you, and which has | |
697 the original message in its contents. | |
698 | |
699 @findex unforward-rmail-message | |
700 Forwarding a message encloses it between two delimiter lines. It also | |
701 modifies every line that starts with a dash, by inserting @w{@samp{- }} | |
702 at the start of the line. When you receive a forwarded message, if it | |
703 contains something besides ordinary text---for example, program source | |
704 code---you might find it useful to undo that transformation. You can do | |
705 this by selecting the forwarded message and typing @kbd{M-x | |
706 unforward-rmail-message}. This command extracts the original forwarded | |
707 message, deleting the inserted @w{@samp{- }} strings, and inserts it | |
708 into the Rmail file as a separate message immediately following the | |
709 current one. | |
710 | |
711 @findex rmail-resend | |
712 @dfn{Resending} is an alternative similar to forwarding; the | |
713 difference is that resending sends a message that is ``from'' the | |
714 original sender, just as it reached you---with a few added header fields | |
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715 @samp{Resent-From} and @samp{Resent-To} to indicate that it came via |
25829 | 716 you. To resend a message in Rmail, use @kbd{C-u f}. (@kbd{f} runs |
717 @code{rmail-forward}, which is programmed to invoke @code{rmail-resend} | |
718 if you provide a numeric argument.) | |
719 | |
720 @kindex m @r{(Rmail)} | |
721 @findex rmail-mail | |
722 The @kbd{m} (@code{rmail-mail}) command is used to start editing an | |
723 outgoing message that is not a reply. It leaves the header fields empty. | |
724 Its only difference from @kbd{C-x 4 m} is that it makes the Rmail buffer | |
725 accessible for @kbd{C-c C-y}, just as @kbd{r} does. Thus, @kbd{m} can be | |
726 used to reply to or forward a message; it can do anything @kbd{r} or @kbd{f} | |
727 can do.@refill | |
728 | |
729 @kindex c @r{(Rmail)} | |
730 @findex rmail-continue | |
731 The @kbd{c} (@code{rmail-continue}) command resumes editing the | |
732 @samp{*mail*} buffer, to finish editing an outgoing message you were | |
733 already composing, or to alter a message you have sent.@refill | |
734 | |
735 @vindex rmail-mail-new-frame | |
736 If you set the variable @code{rmail-mail-new-frame} to a | |
737 non-@code{nil} value, then all the Rmail commands to start sending a | |
738 message create a new frame to edit it in. This frame is deleted when | |
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739 you send the message, or when you use the @samp{Cancel} item in the |
25829 | 740 @samp{Mail} menu. |
741 | |
742 All the Rmail commands to send a message use the mail-composition | |
743 method that you have chosen (@pxref{Mail Methods}). | |
744 | |
745 @node Rmail Summary | |
746 @section Summaries | |
747 @cindex summary (Rmail) | |
748 | |
749 A @dfn{summary} is a buffer containing one line per message to give | |
750 you an overview of the mail in an Rmail file. Each line shows the | |
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751 message number and date, the sender, the line count, the labels, and |
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752 the subject. Moving point in the summary buffer selects messages as |
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753 you move to their summary lines. Almost all Rmail commands are valid |
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754 in the summary buffer also; when used there, they apply to the message |
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755 described by the current line of the summary. |
25829 | 756 |
757 A summary buffer applies to a single Rmail file only; if you are | |
758 editing multiple Rmail files, each one can have its own summary buffer. | |
759 The summary buffer name is made by appending @samp{-summary} to the | |
760 Rmail buffer's name. Normally only one summary buffer is displayed at a | |
761 time. | |
762 | |
763 @menu | |
764 * Rmail Make Summary:: Making various sorts of summaries. | |
765 * Rmail Summary Edit:: Manipulating messages from the summary. | |
766 @end menu | |
767 | |
768 @node Rmail Make Summary | |
769 @subsection Making Summaries | |
770 | |
771 Here are the commands to create a summary for the current Rmail file. | |
772 Once the Rmail file has a summary buffer, changes in the Rmail file | |
773 (such as deleting or expunging messages, and getting new mail) | |
774 automatically update the summary. | |
775 | |
776 @table @kbd | |
777 @item h | |
778 @itemx C-M-h | |
779 Summarize all messages (@code{rmail-summary}). | |
780 @item l @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
781 @itemx C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
782 Summarize messages that have one or more of the specified labels | |
783 (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}). | |
784 @item C-M-r @var{rcpts} @key{RET} | |
785 Summarize messages that have one or more of the specified recipients | |
786 (@code{rmail-summary-by-recipients}). | |
787 @item C-M-t @var{topic} @key{RET} | |
788 Summarize messages that have a match for the specified regexp | |
789 @var{topic} in their subjects (@code{rmail-summary-by-topic}). | |
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790 @item C-M-s @var{regexp} |
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791 Summarize messages whose headers and the subject line match the |
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792 specified regular expression @var{regexp} |
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793 (@code{rmail-summary-by-regexp}). |
25829 | 794 @end table |
795 | |
796 @kindex h @r{(Rmail)} | |
797 @findex rmail-summary | |
798 The @kbd{h} or @kbd{C-M-h} (@code{rmail-summary}) command fills the summary buffer | |
799 for the current Rmail file with a summary of all the messages in the file. | |
800 It then displays and selects the summary buffer in another window. | |
801 | |
802 @kindex l @r{(Rmail)} | |
803 @kindex C-M-l @r{(Rmail)} | |
804 @findex rmail-summary-by-labels | |
805 @kbd{C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}) makes | |
806 a partial summary mentioning only the messages that have one or more of the | |
807 labels @var{labels}. @var{labels} should contain label names separated by | |
808 commas.@refill | |
809 | |
810 @kindex C-M-r @r{(Rmail)} | |
811 @findex rmail-summary-by-recipients | |
812 @kbd{C-M-r @var{rcpts} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-recipients}) | |
813 makes a partial summary mentioning only the messages that have one or more | |
814 of the recipients @var{rcpts}. @var{rcpts} should contain mailing | |
815 addresses separated by commas.@refill | |
816 | |
817 @kindex C-M-t @r{(Rmail)} | |
818 @findex rmail-summary-by-topic | |
819 @kbd{C-M-t @var{topic} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-topic}) | |
820 makes a partial summary mentioning only the messages whose subjects have | |
821 a match for the regular expression @var{topic}. | |
822 | |
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823 @kindex C-M-s @r{(Rmail)} |
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824 @findex rmail-summary-by-regexp |
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825 @kbd{C-M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-regexp}) |
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826 makes a partial summary which mentions only the messages whose headers |
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827 (including the date and the subject lines) match the regular |
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828 expression @var{regexp}. |
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829 |
25829 | 830 Note that there is only one summary buffer for any Rmail file; making one |
831 kind of summary discards any previously made summary. | |
832 | |
833 @vindex rmail-summary-window-size | |
834 @vindex rmail-summary-line-count-flag | |
835 The variable @code{rmail-summary-window-size} says how many lines to | |
836 use for the summary window. The variable | |
837 @code{rmail-summary-line-count-flag} controls whether the summary line | |
838 for a message should include the line count of the message. | |
839 | |
840 @node Rmail Summary Edit | |
841 @subsection Editing in Summaries | |
842 | |
843 You can use the Rmail summary buffer to do almost anything you can do | |
844 in the Rmail buffer itself. In fact, once you have a summary buffer, | |
845 there's no need to switch back to the Rmail buffer. | |
846 | |
847 You can select and display various messages in the Rmail buffer, from | |
848 the summary buffer, just by moving point in the summary buffer to | |
849 different lines. It doesn't matter what Emacs command you use to move | |
850 point; whichever line point is on at the end of the command, that | |
851 message is selected in the Rmail buffer. | |
852 | |
853 Almost all Rmail commands work in the summary buffer as well as in the | |
854 Rmail buffer. Thus, @kbd{d} in the summary buffer deletes the current | |
855 message, @kbd{u} undeletes, and @kbd{x} expunges. @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} | |
856 output the current message to a file; @kbd{r} starts a reply to it. You | |
857 can scroll the current message while remaining in the summary buffer | |
858 using @key{SPC} and @key{DEL}. | |
859 | |
860 The Rmail commands to move between messages also work in the summary | |
861 buffer, but with a twist: they move through the set of messages included | |
862 in the summary. They also ensure the Rmail buffer appears on the screen | |
863 (unlike cursor motion commands, which update the contents of the Rmail | |
864 buffer but don't display it in a window unless it already appears). | |
865 Here is a list of these commands: | |
866 | |
867 @table @kbd | |
868 @item n | |
869 Move to next line, skipping lines saying `deleted', and select its | |
870 message. | |
871 @item p | |
872 Move to previous line, skipping lines saying `deleted', and select | |
873 its message. | |
874 @item M-n | |
875 Move to next line and select its message. | |
876 @item M-p | |
877 Move to previous line and select its message. | |
878 @item > | |
879 Move to the last line, and select its message. | |
880 @item < | |
881 Move to the first line, and select its message. | |
882 @item M-s @var{pattern} @key{RET} | |
883 Search through messages for @var{pattern} starting with the current | |
884 message; select the message found, and move point in the summary buffer | |
885 to that message's line. | |
886 @end table | |
887 | |
888 @vindex rmail-redisplay-summary | |
889 Deletion, undeletion, and getting new mail, and even selection of a | |
890 different message all update the summary buffer when you do them in the | |
891 Rmail buffer. If the variable @code{rmail-redisplay-summary} is | |
892 non-@code{nil}, these actions also bring the summary buffer back onto | |
893 the screen. | |
894 | |
895 @kindex Q @r{(Rmail summary)} | |
896 @findex rmail-summary-wipe | |
897 @kindex q @r{(Rmail summary)} | |
898 @findex rmail-summary-quit | |
899 When you are finished using the summary, type @kbd{Q} | |
900 (@code{rmail-summary-wipe}) to delete the summary buffer's window. You | |
901 can also exit Rmail while in the summary: @kbd{q} | |
902 (@code{rmail-summary-quit}) deletes the summary window, then exits from | |
903 Rmail by saving the Rmail file and switching to another buffer. | |
904 | |
905 @node Rmail Sorting | |
906 @section Sorting the Rmail File | |
907 | |
908 @table @kbd | |
909 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-date | |
910 Sort messages of current Rmail file by date. | |
911 | |
912 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-subject | |
913 Sort messages of current Rmail file by subject. | |
914 | |
915 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-author | |
916 Sort messages of current Rmail file by author's name. | |
917 | |
918 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-recipient | |
919 Sort messages of current Rmail file by recipient's names. | |
920 | |
921 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-correspondent | |
922 Sort messages of current Rmail file by the name of the other | |
923 correspondent. | |
924 | |
925 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-lines | |
926 Sort messages of current Rmail file by size (number of lines). | |
927 | |
928 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-keywords @key{RET} @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
929 Sort messages of current Rmail file by labels. The argument | |
930 @var{labels} should be a comma-separated list of labels. The order of | |
931 these labels specifies the order of messages; messages with the first | |
932 label come first, messages with the second label come second, and so on. | |
933 Messages which have none of these labels come last. | |
934 @end table | |
935 | |
936 The Rmail sort commands perform a @emph{stable sort}: if there is no | |
937 reason to prefer either one of two messages, their order remains | |
938 unchanged. You can use this to sort by more than one criterion. For | |
939 example, if you use @code{rmail-sort-by-date} and then | |
940 @code{rmail-sort-by-author}, messages from the same author appear in | |
941 order by date. | |
942 | |
943 With a numeric argument, all these commands reverse the order of | |
944 comparison. This means they sort messages from newest to oldest, from | |
945 biggest to smallest, or in reverse alphabetical order. | |
946 | |
947 @node Rmail Display | |
948 @section Display of Messages | |
949 | |
950 Rmail reformats the header of each message before displaying it for | |
951 the first time. Reformatting hides uninteresting header fields to | |
952 reduce clutter. You can use the @kbd{t} command to show the entire | |
953 header or to repeat the header reformatting operation. | |
954 | |
955 @table @kbd | |
956 @item t | |
957 Toggle display of complete header (@code{rmail-toggle-header}). | |
958 @end table | |
959 | |
960 @vindex rmail-ignored-headers | |
961 Reformatting the header involves deleting most header fields, on the | |
962 grounds that they are not interesting. The variable | |
963 @code{rmail-ignored-headers} holds a regular expression that specifies | |
964 which header fields to hide in this way---if it matches the beginning of | |
965 a header field, that whole field is hidden. | |
966 | |
967 @kindex t @r{(Rmail)} | |
968 @findex rmail-toggle-header | |
969 Rmail saves the complete original header before reformatting; to see | |
970 it, use the @kbd{t} command (@code{rmail-toggle-header}). This | |
971 discards the reformatted headers of the current message and displays it | |
972 with the original header. Repeating @kbd{t} reformats the message | |
973 again. Selecting the message again also reformats. | |
974 | |
975 One consequence of this is that if you edit the reformatted header | |
976 (using @kbd{e}; @pxref{Rmail Editing}), subsequent use of @kbd{t} will | |
977 discard your edits. On the other hand, if you use @kbd{e} after | |
978 @kbd{t}, to edit the original (unreformatted) header, those changes are | |
979 permanent. | |
980 | |
981 When the @kbd{t} command has a prefix argument, a positive argument | |
982 means to show the reformatted header, and a zero or negative argument | |
983 means to show the full header. | |
984 | |
985 @vindex rmail-highlighted-headers | |
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986 When the terminal supports multiple fonts or colors, Rmail |
25829 | 987 highlights certain header fields that are especially interesting---by |
988 default, the @samp{From} and @samp{Subject} fields. The variable | |
989 @code{rmail-highlighted-headers} holds a regular expression that | |
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990 specifies the header fields to highlight; if it matches the beginning |
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991 of a header field, that whole field is highlighted. |
25829 | 992 |
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993 If you specify unusual colors for your text foreground and |
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994 background, the colors used for highlighting may not go well with |
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995 them. If so, specify different colors for the face |
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996 @code{rmail-highlight-face}. @xref{Faces}, for how to do this. To |
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997 turn off highlighting entirely in Rmail, set |
25829 | 998 @code{rmail-highlighted-headers} to @code{nil}. |
999 | |
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1000 You can highlight and activate URLs in incoming messages by adding |
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1001 the function @code{goto-address} to the hook |
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1002 @code{rmail-show-message-hook}. Then you can browse these URLs by |
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1003 clicking on them with @kbd{Mouse-2} or by moving to one and typing |
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1004 @kbd{C-c @key{RET}}. @xref{Goto-address, Activating URLs, Activating URLs}. |
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1005 |
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1006 @node Rmail Coding |
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1007 @section Rmail and Coding Systems |
28339 | 1008 |
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1009 @cindex decoding mail messages (Rmail) |
38868 | 1010 Rmail automatically decodes messages which contain non-ASCII |
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1011 characters, just as Emacs does with files you visit and with subprocess |
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1012 output. Rmail uses the standard @samp{charset=@var{charset}} header in |
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1013 the message, if any, to determine how the message was encoded by the |
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1014 sender. It maps @var{charset} into the corresponding Emacs coding |
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1015 system (@pxref{Coding Systems}), and uses that coding system to decode |
38868 | 1016 message text. If the message header doesn't have the @samp{charset} |
1017 specification, or if @var{charset} is not recognized, | |
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1018 Rmail chooses the coding system with the usual Emacs heuristics and |
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1019 defaults (@pxref{Recognize Coding}). |
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1020 |
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1021 @cindex fixing incorrectly decoded mail messages |
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1022 Occasionally, a message is decoded incorrectly, either because Emacs |
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1023 guessed the wrong coding system in the absence of the @samp{charset} |
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1024 specification, or because the specification was inaccurate. For |
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1025 example, a misconfigured mailer could send a message with a |
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1026 @samp{charset=iso-8859-1} header when the message is actually encoded |
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1027 in @code{koi8-r}. When you see the message text garbled, or some of |
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1028 its characters displayed as empty boxes, this may have happened. |
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1029 |
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1030 @findex rmail-redecode-body |
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1031 You can correct the problem by decoding the message again using the |
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1032 right coding system, if you can figure out or guess which one is |
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1033 right. To do this, invoke the @kbd{M-x rmail-redecode-body} command. |
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1034 It reads the name of a coding system, encodes the message body using |
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1035 whichever coding system was used to decode it before, then redecodes |
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1036 it using the coding system you specified. If you specified the right |
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1037 coding system, the result should be readable. |
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1038 |
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1039 Decoding and encoding using the wrong coding system is lossless for |
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1040 most encodings, in particular with 8-bit encodings such as iso-8859 or |
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1041 koi8. So, if the initial attempt to redecode the message didn't |
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1042 result in a legible text, you can try other coding systems until you |
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1043 succeed. |
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1044 |
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1045 With some coding systems, notably those from the iso-2022 family, |
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1046 information can be lost in decoding, so that encoding the message |
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1047 again won't bring back the original incoming text. In such a case, |
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1048 @code{rmail-redecode-body} cannot work. However, the problems that |
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1049 call for use of @code{rmail-redecode-body} rarely occur with those |
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1050 coding systems. So in practice the command works when you need it. |
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1051 |
25829 | 1052 @node Rmail Editing |
1053 @section Editing Within a Message | |
1054 | |
1055 Most of the usual Emacs commands are available in Rmail mode, though a | |
1056 few, such as @kbd{C-M-n} and @kbd{C-M-h}, are redefined by Rmail for | |
1057 other purposes. However, the Rmail buffer is normally read only, and | |
1058 most of the letters are redefined as Rmail commands. If you want to | |
1059 edit the text of a message, you must use the Rmail command @kbd{e}. | |
1060 | |
1061 @table @kbd | |
1062 @item e | |
1063 Edit the current message as ordinary text. | |
1064 @end table | |
1065 | |
1066 @kindex e @r{(Rmail)} | |
1067 @findex rmail-edit-current-message | |
1068 The @kbd{e} command (@code{rmail-edit-current-message}) switches from | |
1069 Rmail mode into Rmail Edit mode, another major mode which is nearly the | |
1070 same as Text mode. The mode line indicates this change. | |
1071 | |
1072 In Rmail Edit mode, letters insert themselves as usual and the Rmail | |
1073 commands are not available. When you are finished editing the message and | |
1074 are ready to go back to Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-c}, which switches back to | |
1075 Rmail mode. Alternatively, you can return to Rmail mode but cancel all the | |
1076 editing that you have done, by typing @kbd{C-c C-]}. | |
1077 | |
1078 @vindex rmail-edit-mode-hook | |
1079 Entering Rmail Edit mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}; then it | |
1080 runs the hook @code{rmail-edit-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}). It adds the | |
1081 attribute @samp{edited} to the message. It also displays the full | |
1082 headers of the message, so that you can edit the headers as well as the | |
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1083 body of the message, and your changes in the headers will be |
25829 | 1084 permanent. |
1085 | |
1086 @node Rmail Digest | |
1087 @section Digest Messages | |
1088 @cindex digest message | |
1089 @cindex undigestify | |
1090 | |
1091 A @dfn{digest message} is a message which exists to contain and carry | |
1092 several other messages. Digests are used on some moderated mailing | |
1093 lists; all the messages that arrive for the list during a period of time | |
1094 such as one day are put inside a single digest which is then sent to the | |
1095 subscribers. Transmitting the single digest uses much less computer | |
1096 time than transmitting the individual messages even though the total | |
1097 size is the same, because the per-message overhead in network mail | |
1098 transmission is considerable. | |
1099 | |
1100 @findex undigestify-rmail-message | |
1101 When you receive a digest message, the most convenient way to read it is | |
1102 to @dfn{undigestify} it: to turn it back into many individual messages. | |
1103 Then you can read and delete the individual messages as it suits you. | |
44326 | 1104 To do this, select the digest message and type the command @kbd{M-x |
25829 | 1105 undigestify-rmail-message}. This extracts the submessages as separate |
1106 Rmail messages, and inserts them following the digest. The digest | |
1107 message itself is flagged as deleted. | |
1108 | |
1109 @node Out of Rmail | |
1110 @section Converting an Rmail File to Inbox Format | |
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1111 @cindex Babyl format to Inbox format |
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1112 @cindex converting Rmail file to mailbox format |
25829 | 1113 |
1114 @findex unrmail | |
1115 The command @kbd{M-x unrmail} converts a file in Rmail format to inbox | |
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1116 format (also known as the system mailbox, or mbox, format), so that |
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1117 you can use it with other mail-editing tools. You must specify two |
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1118 arguments, the name of the Rmail file and the name to use for the |
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1119 converted file. @kbd{M-x unrmail} does not alter the Rmail file itself. |
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1120 |
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1121 @pindex b2m |
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1122 @kbd{M-x unrmail} is useful if you can run Emacs on the machine |
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1123 where the Rmail file resides, or can access the Rmail file remotely |
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1124 (@pxref{Remote Files}) from a machine where Emacs is installed. If |
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1125 accessing Rmail files from Emacs is impossible, you can use the |
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1126 @command{b2m} program instead. @command{b2m} is part of the Emacs |
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1127 distribution, it is installed into the same directory where all the |
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1128 other auxiliary programs (@command{etags} etc.) are installed, and its |
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1129 source is available in the Emacs source distribution, so that you |
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1130 could copy the source to the target machine and compile it there. |
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1131 |
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1132 To convert a file @file{@var{babyl-file}} into @file{@var{mbox-file}}, |
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1133 invoke @command{b2m} like this: |
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1134 |
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1135 @example |
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1136 b2m < @var{babyl-file} > @var{mbox-file} |
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1137 @end example |
25829 | 1138 |
1139 @node Rmail Rot13 | |
1140 @section Reading Rot13 Messages | |
1141 @cindex rot13 code | |
1142 | |
1143 Mailing list messages that might offend some readers are sometimes | |
1144 encoded in a simple code called @dfn{rot13}---so named because it | |
1145 rotates the alphabet by 13 letters. This code is not for secrecy, as it | |
1146 provides none; rather, it enables those who might be offended to avoid | |
1147 ever seeing the real text of the message. | |
1148 | |
1149 @findex rot13-other-window | |
1150 To view a buffer using the rot13 code, use the command @kbd{M-x | |
1151 rot13-other-window}. This displays the current buffer in another window | |
1152 which applies the code when displaying the text. | |
1153 | |
1154 @node Movemail | |
1155 @section @code{movemail} and POP | |
1156 @cindex @code{movemail} program | |
1157 | |
1158 @vindex rmail-preserve-inbox | |
1159 When getting new mail, Rmail first copies the new mail from the inbox | |
1160 file to the Rmail file; then it saves the Rmail file; then it truncates | |
1161 the inbox file. This way, a system crash may cause duplication of mail | |
1162 between the inbox and the Rmail file, but cannot lose mail. If | |
1163 @code{rmail-preserve-inbox} is non-@code{nil}, then Rmail will copy new | |
1164 mail from the inbox file to the Rmail file without truncating the inbox | |
1165 file. You may wish to set this, for example, on a portable computer you | |
1166 use to check your mail via POP while traveling, so that your mail will | |
1167 remain on the server and you can save it later on your workstation. | |
1168 | |
1169 In some cases, Rmail copies the new mail from the inbox file | |
1170 indirectly. First it runs the @code{movemail} program to move the mail | |
1171 from the inbox to an intermediate file called | |
1172 @file{~/.newmail-@var{inboxname}}. Then Rmail merges the new mail from | |
1173 that file, saves the Rmail file, and only then deletes the intermediate | |
1174 file. If there is a crash at the wrong time, this file continues to | |
1175 exist, and Rmail will use it again the next time it gets new mail from | |
1176 that inbox. | |
1177 | |
1178 @pindex movemail | |
1179 If Rmail is unable to convert the data in | |
1180 @file{~/.newmail-@var{inboxname}} into Babyl format, it renames the file | |
1181 to @file{~/RMAILOSE.@var{n}} (@var{n} is an integer chosen to make the | |
1182 name unique) so that Rmail will not have trouble with the data again. | |
1183 You should look at the file, find whatever message confuses Rmail | |
1184 (probably one that includes the control-underscore character, octal code | |
1185 037), and delete it. Then you can use @kbd{1 g} to get new mail from | |
1186 the corrected file. | |
1187 | |
1188 Some sites use a method called POP for accessing users' inbox data | |
1189 instead of storing the data in inbox files. @code{movemail} can work | |
1190 with POP if you compile it with the macro @code{MAIL_USE_POP} defined. | |
1191 (You can achieve that by specifying @samp{--with-pop} when you run | |
1192 @code{configure} during the installation of Emacs.) | |
1193 @code{movemail} only works with POP3, not with older | |
1194 versions of POP. | |
1195 | |
29107 | 1196 @cindex @env{MAILHOST} environment variable |
25829 | 1197 @cindex POP inboxes |
1198 Assuming you have compiled and installed @code{movemail} | |
1199 appropriately, you can specify a POP inbox by using a ``file name'' of | |
1200 the form @samp{po:@var{username}}, in the inbox list of an Rmail file. | |
1201 @code{movemail} handles such a name by opening a connection to the POP | |
29107 | 1202 server. The @env{MAILHOST} environment variable specifies the machine |
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1203 to look for the server on; alternatively, you can specify the POP server |
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1204 host name as part of the mailbox name using the syntax |
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1205 @samp{po:@var{username}:@var{hostname}}. |
25829 | 1206 |
1207 @vindex rmail-pop-password | |
1208 @vindex rmail-pop-password-required | |
1209 Accessing mail via POP may require a password. If the variable | |
1210 @code{rmail-pop-password} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies the password | |
1211 to use for POP. Alternatively, if @code{rmail-pop-password-required} is | |
1212 non-@code{nil}, then Rmail asks you for the password to use. | |
1213 | |
1214 @vindex rmail-movemail-flags | |
1215 If you need to pass additional command-line flags to @code{movemail}, | |
1216 set the variable @code{rmail-movemail-flags} a list of the flags you | |
1217 wish to use. Do not use this variable to pass the @samp{-p} flag to | |
1218 preserve your inbox contents; use @code{rmail-preserve-inbox} instead. | |
1219 | |
1220 @cindex Kerberos POP authentication | |
1221 The @code{movemail} program installed at your site may support | |
1222 Kerberos authentication. If it is | |
1223 supported, it is used by default whenever you attempt to retrieve | |
1224 POP mail when @code{rmail-pop-password} and | |
1225 @code{rmail-pop-password-required} are unset. | |
1226 | |
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1227 @cindex reverse order in POP inboxes |
25829 | 1228 Some POP servers store messages in reverse order. If your server does |
1229 this, and you would rather read your mail in the order in which it was | |
1230 received, you can tell @code{movemail} to reverse the order of | |
1231 downloaded messages by adding the @samp{-r} flag to | |
1232 @code{rmail-movemail-flags}. |