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annotate man/cmdargs.texi @ 37595:fe04457ea88a
(Initial Options): Add index entries for not loading startup files.
author | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> |
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date | Mon, 07 May 2001 11:12:49 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. | |
4 @node Command Arguments, Antinews, Service, Top | |
5 @appendix Command Line Arguments | |
6 @cindex command line arguments | |
7 @cindex arguments (command line) | |
8 @cindex options (command line) | |
9 @cindex switches (command line) | |
10 @cindex startup (command line arguments) | |
11 | |
12 GNU Emacs supports command line arguments to request various actions | |
13 when invoking Emacs. These are for compatibility with other editors and | |
14 for sophisticated activities. We don't recommend using them for | |
15 ordinary editing. | |
16 | |
17 Arguments starting with @samp{-} are @dfn{options}. Other arguments | |
18 specify files to visit. Emacs visits the specified files while it | |
19 starts up. The last file name on your command line becomes the current | |
20 buffer; the other files are also present in other buffers. As usual, | |
21 the special argument @samp{--} says that all subsequent arguments | |
22 are file names, not options, even if they start with @samp{-}. | |
23 | |
24 Emacs command options can specify many things, such as the size and | |
25 position of the X window Emacs uses, its colors, and so on. A few | |
26 options support advanced usage, such as running Lisp functions on files | |
27 in batch mode. The sections of this chapter describe the available | |
28 options, arranged according to their purpose. | |
29 | |
30 There are two ways of writing options: the short forms that start with | |
31 a single @samp{-}, and the long forms that start with @samp{--}. For | |
32 example, @samp{-d} is a short form and @samp{--display} is the | |
33 corresponding long form. | |
34 | |
35 The long forms with @samp{--} are easier to remember, but longer to | |
36 type. However, you don't have to spell out the whole option name; any | |
37 unambiguous abbreviation is enough. When a long option takes an | |
38 argument, you can use either a space or an equal sign to separate the | |
39 option name and the argument. Thus, you can write either | |
40 @samp{--display sugar-bombs:0.0} or @samp{--display=sugar-bombs:0.0}. | |
41 We recommend an equal sign because it makes the relationship clearer, | |
42 and the tables below always show an equal sign. | |
43 | |
44 @cindex initial options (command line) | |
45 @cindex action options (command line) | |
46 Most options specify how to initialize Emacs, or set parameters for | |
47 the Emacs session. We call them @dfn{initial options}. A few options | |
48 specify things to do: for example, load libraries, call functions, or | |
49 exit Emacs. These are called @dfn{action options}. These and file | |
50 names together are called @dfn{action arguments}. Emacs processes all | |
51 the action arguments in the order they are written. | |
52 | |
53 @menu | |
54 * Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries, | |
55 and call functions. | |
56 * Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs. | |
57 * Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments. | |
58 * Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs. | |
59 * Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses. | |
60 | |
61 * Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login. | |
62 * Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X. | |
63 * Colors X:: Choosing colors, under X. | |
64 * Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X. | |
65 * Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X. | |
66 * Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title. | |
67 * Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X. | |
68 * Resources X:: Advanced use of classes and resources, under X. | |
69 * Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus. | |
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70 * LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus. |
25829 | 71 @end menu |
72 | |
73 @node Action Arguments | |
74 @appendixsec Action Arguments | |
75 | |
76 Here is a table of the action arguments and options: | |
77 | |
78 @table @samp | |
79 @item @var{file} | |
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80 @opindex --visit |
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81 @itemx --visit=@var{file} |
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82 @opindex --file |
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83 @itemx --file=@var{file} |
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84 @cindex visiting files, command-line argument |
25829 | 85 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}. @xref{Visiting}. |
86 | |
87 @item +@var{linenum} @var{file} | |
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88 @opindex +@var{linenum} |
25829 | 89 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number |
90 @var{linenum} in it. | |
91 | |
92 @need 3000 | |
93 @item -l @var{file} | |
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94 @opindex -l |
25829 | 95 @itemx --load=@var{file} |
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96 @opindex --load |
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97 @cindex loading Lisp libraries, command-line argument |
25829 | 98 Load a Lisp library named @var{file} with the function @code{load}. |
99 @xref{Lisp Libraries}. The library can be found either in the current | |
100 directory, or in the Emacs library search path as specified | |
29107 | 101 with @env{EMACSLOADPATH} (@pxref{General Variables}). |
25829 | 102 |
103 @item -f @var{function} | |
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104 @opindex -f |
25829 | 105 @itemx --funcall=@var{function} |
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106 @opindex --funcall |
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107 @cindex call Lisp functions, command-line argument |
25829 | 108 Call Lisp function @var{function} with no arguments. |
109 | |
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110 @item --eval=@var{expression} |
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111 @opindex --eval |
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112 @itemx --execute=@var{expression} |
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113 @opindex --execute |
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114 @cindex evaluate expression, command-line argument |
25829 | 115 Evaluate Lisp expression @var{expression}. |
116 | |
117 @item --insert=@var{file} | |
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118 @opindex --insert |
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119 @cindex insert file contents, command-line argument |
25829 | 120 Insert the contents of @var{file} into the current buffer. This is like |
121 what @kbd{M-x insert-file} does. @xref{Misc File Ops}. | |
122 | |
123 @item --kill | |
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124 @opindex --kill |
25829 | 125 Exit from Emacs without asking for confirmation. |
126 @end table | |
127 | |
128 @vindex command-line-args | |
129 The init file can access the values of the action arguments as the | |
130 elements of a list in the variable @code{command-line-args}. The init | |
131 file can override the normal processing of the action arguments, or | |
132 define new ones, by reading and setting this variable. | |
133 | |
134 @node Initial Options | |
135 @appendixsec Initial Options | |
136 | |
137 The initial options specify parameters for the Emacs session. This | |
138 section describes the more general initial options; some other options | |
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139 specifically related to the X Window System appear in the following |
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140 sections. |
25829 | 141 |
142 Some initial options affect the loading of init files. The normal | |
143 actions of Emacs are to first load @file{site-start.el} if it exists, | |
144 then your own init file @file{~/.emacs} if it exists, and finally | |
145 @file{default.el} if it exists; certain options prevent loading of some | |
146 of these files or substitute other files for them. | |
147 | |
148 @table @samp | |
149 @item -t @var{device} | |
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150 @opindex -t |
25829 | 151 @itemx --terminal=@var{device} |
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152 @opindex --terminal |
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153 @cindex device for Emacs terminal I/O |
25829 | 154 Use @var{device} as the device for terminal input and output. |
155 | |
156 @item -d @var{display} | |
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157 @opindex -d |
25829 | 158 @itemx --display=@var{display} |
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159 @opindex --display |
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160 @cindex display for Emacs frame |
25829 | 161 Use the X Window System and use the display named @var{display} to open |
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162 the initial Emacs frame. @xref{Display X}, for more details. |
25829 | 163 |
164 @item -nw | |
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165 @opindex -nw |
25829 | 166 @itemx --no-windows |
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167 @opindex --no-windows |
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168 @cindex disable window system |
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169 Don't communicate directly with the window system, disregarding the |
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170 @env{DISPLAY} environment variable even if it is set. This forces Emacs |
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171 to run as if the display were a text-only terminal. |
25829 | 172 |
173 @need 3000 | |
174 @cindex batch mode | |
175 @item -batch | |
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176 @opindex --batch |
25829 | 177 @itemx --batch |
178 Run Emacs in @dfn{batch mode}, which means that the text being edited is | |
179 not displayed and the standard terminal interrupt characters such as | |
180 @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-c} continue to have their normal effect. Emacs in | |
181 batch mode outputs to @code{stderr} only what would normally be printed | |
36875 | 182 in the echo area under program control, and functions which would |
183 normally read from the minibuffer take their input from @code{stdin}. | |
25829 | 184 |
185 Batch mode is used for running programs written in Emacs Lisp from | |
186 shell scripts, makefiles, and so on. Normally the @samp{-l} option | |
187 or @samp{-f} option will be used as well, to invoke a Lisp program | |
188 to do the batch processing. | |
189 | |
190 @samp{-batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file). It also causes | |
191 Emacs to kill itself after all command options have been processed. In | |
192 addition, auto-saving is not done except in buffers for which it has been | |
193 explicitly requested. | |
194 | |
195 @item -q | |
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196 @opindex -q |
25829 | 197 @itemx --no-init-file |
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198 @opindex --no-init-file |
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199 @cindex bypassing init and site-start file |
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200 @cindex init file, not loading |
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201 @cindex @file{default.el} file, not loading |
25829 | 202 Do not load your Emacs init file @file{~/.emacs}, or @file{default.el} |
203 either. | |
204 | |
205 @item --no-site-file | |
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206 @opindex --no-site-file |
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207 @cindex @file{site-start.el} file, not loading |
25829 | 208 Do not load @file{site-start.el}. The options @samp{-q}, @samp{-u} |
209 and @samp{-batch} have no effect on the loading of this file---this is | |
210 the only option that blocks it. | |
211 | |
212 @item -u @var{user} | |
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213 @opindex -u |
25829 | 214 @itemx --user=@var{user} |
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215 @opindex --user |
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216 @cindex load init file of another user |
25829 | 217 Load @var{user}'s Emacs init file @file{~@var{user}/.emacs} instead of |
218 your own. | |
219 | |
220 @item --debug-init | |
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221 @opindex --debug-init |
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222 @cindex errors in init file |
25829 | 223 Enable the Emacs Lisp debugger for errors in the init file. |
224 | |
225 @item --unibyte | |
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226 @opindex --unibyte |
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227 @cindex unibyte operation, command-line argument |
25829 | 228 Set up to do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. |
229 All buffers and strings are unibyte unless you (or a Lisp program) | |
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230 explicitly ask for a multibyte buffer or string. (Note that Emacs |
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231 always loads Lisp files in multibyte mode, even if @samp{--unibyte} is |
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232 specified; see @ref{Enabling Multibyte}.) Setting the environment |
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233 variable @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE} has the same effect. |
25829 | 234 |
235 @item --multibyte | |
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236 @opindex --multibyte |
29107 | 237 Inhibit the effect of @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE}, so that Emacs |
25829 | 238 uses multibyte characters by default, as usual. |
239 @end table | |
240 | |
241 @node Command Example | |
242 @appendixsec Command Argument Example | |
243 | |
244 Here is an example of using Emacs with arguments and options. It | |
245 assumes you have a Lisp program file called @file{hack-c.el} which, when | |
246 loaded, performs some useful operation on the current buffer, expected | |
247 to be a C program. | |
248 | |
249 @example | |
250 emacs -batch foo.c -l hack-c -f save-buffer >& log | |
251 @end example | |
252 | |
253 @noindent | |
254 This says to visit @file{foo.c}, load @file{hack-c.el} (which makes | |
255 changes in the visited file), save @file{foo.c} (note that | |
256 @code{save-buffer} is the function that @kbd{C-x C-s} is bound to), and | |
257 then exit back to the shell (because of @samp{-batch}). @samp{-batch} | |
258 also guarantees there will be no problem redirecting output to | |
259 @file{log}, because Emacs will not assume that it has a display terminal | |
260 to work with. | |
261 | |
262 @node Resume Arguments | |
263 @appendixsec Resuming Emacs with Arguments | |
264 | |
265 You can specify action arguments for Emacs when you resume it after | |
266 a suspension. To prepare for this, put the following code in your | |
267 @file{.emacs} file (@pxref{Hooks}): | |
268 | |
269 @example | |
270 (add-hook 'suspend-hook 'resume-suspend-hook) | |
271 (add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook 'resume-process-args) | |
272 @end example | |
273 | |
274 As further preparation, you must execute the shell script | |
275 @file{emacs.csh} (if you use csh as your shell) or @file{emacs.bash} (if | |
276 you use bash as your shell). These scripts define an alias named | |
277 @code{edit}, which will resume Emacs giving it new command line | |
278 arguments such as files to visit. | |
279 | |
280 Only action arguments work properly when you resume Emacs. Initial | |
281 arguments are not recognized---it's too late to execute them anyway. | |
282 | |
283 Note that resuming Emacs (with or without arguments) must be done from | |
284 within the shell that is the parent of the Emacs job. This is why | |
285 @code{edit} is an alias rather than a program or a shell script. It is | |
286 not possible to implement a resumption command that could be run from | |
287 other subjobs of the shell; no way to define a command that could be | |
29107 | 288 made the value of @env{EDITOR}, for example. Therefore, this feature |
25829 | 289 does not take the place of the Emacs Server feature (@pxref{Emacs |
290 Server}). | |
291 | |
292 The aliases use the Emacs Server feature if you appear to have a | |
293 server Emacs running. However, they cannot determine this with complete | |
294 accuracy. They may think that a server is still running when in | |
295 actuality you have killed that Emacs, because the file | |
296 @file{/tmp/.esrv@dots{}} still exists. If this happens, find that | |
297 file and delete it. | |
298 | |
299 @node Environment | |
300 @appendixsec Environment Variables | |
301 @cindex environment variables | |
302 | |
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303 The @dfn{environment} is a feature of the operating system; it |
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304 consists of a collection of variables with names and values. Each |
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305 variable is called an @dfn{environment variable}; environment variable |
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306 names are case-sensitive, and it is conventional to use upper case |
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307 letters only. The values are all text strings. |
25829 | 308 |
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309 What makes the environment useful is that subprocesses inherit the |
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310 environment automatically from their parent process. This means you |
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311 can set up an environment variable in your login shell, and all the |
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312 programs you run (including Emacs) will automatically see it. |
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313 Subprocesses of Emacs (such as shells, compilers, and version-control |
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314 software) inherit the environment from Emacs, too. |
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315 |
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316 @findex setenv |
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317 @findex getenv |
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318 Inside Emacs, the command @kbd{M-x getenv} gets the value of an |
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319 environment variable. @kbd{M-x setenv} sets a variable in the Emacs |
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320 environment. The way to set environment variables outside of Emacs |
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321 depends on the operating system, and especially the shell that you are |
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322 using. For example, here's how to set the environment variable |
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323 @env{ORGANIZATION} to @samp{not very much} using Bash: |
25829 | 324 |
325 @example | |
326 export ORGANIZATION="not very much" | |
327 @end example | |
328 | |
329 @noindent | |
330 and here's how to do it in csh or tcsh: | |
331 | |
332 @example | |
333 setenv ORGANIZATION "not very much" | |
334 @end example | |
335 | |
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336 When Emacs is set-up to use the X Window System, it inherits the use |
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337 of a large number of environment variables from the X libraries. See |
25829 | 338 the X documentation for more information. |
339 | |
340 @menu | |
341 * General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use. | |
342 * Misc Variables:: Certain system-specific variables. | |
343 @end menu | |
344 | |
345 @node General Variables | |
346 @appendixsubsec General Variables | |
347 | |
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348 Here is an alphabetical list of specific environment variables that |
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349 have special meanings in Emacs, giving the name of each variable and |
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350 its meaning. Most of these variables are also used by some other |
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351 programs. Emacs does not require any of these environment variables |
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352 to be set, but it uses their values if they are set. |
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353 |
29107 | 354 @table @env |
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355 @item CDPATH |
25829 | 356 Used by the @code{cd} command to search for the directory you specify, |
357 when you specify a relative directory name. | |
358 @item DOMAINNAME | |
359 The name of the Internet domain that the machine running Emacs is | |
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360 located in. Used by the Gnus package. |
25829 | 361 @item EMACS_UNIBYTE |
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362 @cindex unibyte operation, environment variable |
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363 Defining this environment variable with a nonempty value directs Emacs |
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364 to do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. It is |
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365 equivalent to using the @samp{--unibyte} command-line option on each |
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366 invocation. @xref{Initial Options}. |
25829 | 367 @item EMACSDATA |
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368 Directory for the architecture-independent files that come with Emacs. |
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369 This is used to initialize the Lisp variable @code{data-directory}. |
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370 @item EMACSDOC |
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371 Directory for the documentation string file, |
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372 @file{DOC-@var{emacsversion}}. This is used to initialize the Lisp |
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373 variable @code{doc-directory}. |
25829 | 374 @item EMACSLOADPATH |
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375 A colon-separated list of directories@footnote{ |
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376 Here and below, whenever we say ``colon-separated list of directories'', |
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377 it pertains to Unix and GNU/Linux systems. On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, |
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378 the directories are separated by semi-colons instead, since DOS/Windows |
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379 file names might include a colon after a drive letter.} |
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380 to search for Emacs Lisp files---used to initialize @code{load-path}. |
25829 | 381 @item EMACSPATH |
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382 A colon-separated list of directories to search for executable |
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383 files---used to initialize @code{exec-path}. |
25829 | 384 @item ESHELL |
29107 | 385 Used for shell-mode to override the @env{SHELL} environment variable. |
25829 | 386 @item HISTFILE |
387 The name of the file that shell commands are saved in between logins. | |
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388 This variable defaults to @file{~/.bash_history} if you use Bash, to |
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389 @file{~/.sh_history} if you use ksh, and to @file{~/.history} |
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390 otherwise. |
25829 | 391 @item HOME |
392 The location of the user's files in the directory tree; used for | |
393 expansion of file names starting with a tilde (@file{~}). On MS-DOS, it | |
394 defaults to the directory from which Emacs was started, with @samp{/bin} | |
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395 removed from the end if it was present. On Windows, the default value |
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396 of @code{HOME} is @file{C:/}, the root directory of drive @file{C:}. |
25829 | 397 @item HOSTNAME |
398 The name of the machine that Emacs is running on. | |
399 @item INCPATH | |
400 A colon-separated list of directories. Used by the @code{complete} package | |
401 to search for files. | |
402 @item INFOPATH | |
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403 A colon-separated list of directories in which to search for Info files. |
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404 @item LC_ALL |
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405 @itemx LC_COLLATE |
25829 | 406 @itemx LC_CTYPE |
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407 @itemx LC_MESSAGES |
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408 @itemx LC_MONETARY |
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409 @itemx LC_NUMERIC |
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410 @itemx LC_TIME |
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411 @itemx LANG |
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412 The user's preferred locale. The locale has six categories, specified |
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413 by the environment variables @env{LC_COLLATE} for sorting, |
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414 @env{LC_CTYPE} for character encoding, @env{LC_MESSAGES} for system |
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415 messages, @env{LC_MONETARY} for monetary formats, @env{LC_NUMERIC} for |
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416 numbers, and @env{LC_TIME} for dates and times. If one of these |
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417 variables is not set, the category defaults to the value of the |
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418 @env{LANG} environment variable, or to the default @samp{C} locale if |
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419 @env{LANG} is not set. But if @env{LC_ALL} is specified, it overrides |
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420 the settings of all the other locale environment variables. |
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421 |
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422 The value of the LC_CTYPE category is |
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423 matched against entries in @code{locale-language-names}, |
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424 @code{locale-charset-language-names}, and |
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425 @code{locale-preferred-coding-systems}, to select a default language |
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426 environment and coding system. @xref{Language Environments}. |
25829 | 427 @item LOGNAME |
29107 | 428 The user's login name. See also @env{USER}. |
25829 | 429 @item MAIL |
430 The name of the user's system mail inbox. | |
431 @item MAILRC | |
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432 Name of file containing mail aliases. (The default is |
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433 @file{~/.mailrc}.) |
25829 | 434 @item MH |
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435 Name of setup file for the mh system. (The default is @file{~/.mh_profile}.) |
25829 | 436 @item NAME |
437 The real-world name of the user. | |
438 @item NNTPSERVER | |
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439 The name of the news server. Used by the mh and Gnus packages. |
25829 | 440 @item ORGANIZATION |
441 The name of the organization to which you belong. Used for setting the | |
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442 `Organization:' header in your posts from the Gnus package. |
25829 | 443 @item PATH |
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444 A colon-separated list of directories in which executables reside. This |
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445 is used to initialize the Emacs Lisp variable @code{exec-path}. |
25829 | 446 @item PWD |
447 If set, this should be the default directory when Emacs was started. | |
448 @item REPLYTO | |
449 If set, this specifies an initial value for the variable | |
450 @code{mail-default-reply-to}. @xref{Mail Headers}. | |
451 @item SAVEDIR | |
452 The name of a directory in which news articles are saved by default. | |
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453 Used by the Gnus package. |
25829 | 454 @item SHELL |
455 The name of an interpreter used to parse and execute programs run from | |
456 inside Emacs. | |
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457 @cindex background mode, on @code{xterm} |
25829 | 458 @item TERM |
459 The name of the terminal that Emacs is running on. The variable must be | |
460 set unless Emacs is run in batch mode. On MS-DOS, it defaults to | |
461 @samp{internal}, which specifies a built-in terminal emulation that | |
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462 handles the machine's own display. If the value of @env{TERM} indicates |
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463 that Emacs runs in non-windowed mode from @code{xterm} or a similar |
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464 terminal emulator, the background mode defaults to @samp{light}, and |
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465 Emacs will choose colors that are appropriate for a light background. |
25829 | 466 @item TERMCAP |
467 The name of the termcap library file describing how to program the | |
29107 | 468 terminal specified by the @env{TERM} variable. This defaults to |
25829 | 469 @file{/etc/termcap}. |
470 @item TMPDIR | |
471 Used by the Emerge package as a prefix for temporary files. | |
472 @item TZ | |
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473 This specifies the current time zone and possibly also daylight |
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474 saving time information. On MS-DOS, if @code{TZ} is not set in the |
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475 environment when Emacs starts, Emacs defines a default value as |
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476 appropriate for the country code returned by DOS. On MS-Windows, Emacs |
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477 does not use @code{TZ} at all. |
25829 | 478 @item USER |
29107 | 479 The user's login name. See also @env{LOGNAME}. On MS-DOS, this |
25829 | 480 defaults to @samp{root}. |
481 @item VERSION_CONTROL | |
482 Used to initialize the @code{version-control} variable (@pxref{Backup | |
483 Names}). | |
484 @end table | |
485 | |
486 @node Misc Variables | |
487 @appendixsubsec Miscellaneous Variables | |
488 | |
489 These variables are used only on particular configurations: | |
490 | |
29107 | 491 @table @env |
25829 | 492 @item COMSPEC |
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493 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, the name of the command interpreter to use |
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494 when invoking batch files and commands internal to the shell. On MS-DOS |
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495 this is also used to make a default value for the @env{SHELL} environment |
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496 variable. |
25829 | 497 |
498 @item NAME | |
29107 | 499 On MS-DOS, this variable defaults to the value of the @env{USER} |
25829 | 500 variable. |
501 | |
502 @item TEMP | |
503 @itemx TMP | |
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504 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, these specify the name of the directory for |
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505 storing temporary files in. |
25829 | 506 |
507 @item EMACSTEST | |
508 On MS-DOS, this specifies a file to use to log the operation of the | |
509 internal terminal emulator. This feature is useful for submitting bug | |
510 reports. | |
511 | |
512 @item EMACSCOLORS | |
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513 On MS-DOS, this specifies the screen colors. It is useful to set them |
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514 this way, since otherwise Emacs would display the default colors |
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515 momentarily when it starts up. |
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516 |
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517 The value of this variable should be the two-character encoding of the |
25829 | 518 foreground (the first character) and the background (the second |
519 character) colors of the default face. Each character should be the | |
520 hexadecimal code for the desired color on a standard PC text-mode | |
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521 display. For example, to get blue text on a lightgray backgraound, |
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522 specify @samp{EMACSCOLORS=17}, since 1 is the code of the blue color and |
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523 7 is the code of the lightgray color. |
25829 | 524 |
525 The PC display usually supports only eight background colors. However, | |
526 Emacs switches the DOS display to a mode where all 16 colors can be used | |
527 for the background, so all four bits of the background color are | |
528 actually used. | |
529 | |
530 @item WINDOW_GFX | |
531 Used when initializing the Sun windows system. | |
532 @end table | |
533 | |
534 @node Display X | |
535 @appendixsec Specifying the Display Name | |
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536 @cindex display name (X Window System) |
29107 | 537 @cindex @env{DISPLAY} environment variable |
25829 | 538 |
29107 | 539 The environment variable @env{DISPLAY} tells all X clients, including |
25829 | 540 Emacs, where to display their windows. Its value is set up by default |
541 in ordinary circumstances, when you start an X server and run jobs | |
542 locally. Occasionally you may need to specify the display yourself; for | |
543 example, if you do a remote login and want to run a client program | |
544 remotely, displaying on your local screen. | |
545 | |
546 With Emacs, the main reason people change the default display is to | |
547 let them log into another system, run Emacs on that system, but have the | |
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548 window displayed at their local terminal. You might need to log in |
25829 | 549 to another system because the files you want to edit are there, or |
550 because the Emacs executable file you want to run is there. | |
551 | |
29107 | 552 The syntax of the @env{DISPLAY} environment variable is |
25829 | 553 @samp{@var{host}:@var{display}.@var{screen}}, where @var{host} is the |
554 host name of the X Window System server machine, @var{display} is an | |
555 arbitrarily-assigned number that distinguishes your server (X terminal) | |
556 from other servers on the same machine, and @var{screen} is a | |
557 rarely-used field that allows an X server to control multiple terminal | |
558 screens. The period and the @var{screen} field are optional. If | |
559 included, @var{screen} is usually zero. | |
560 | |
561 For example, if your host is named @samp{glasperle} and your server is | |
562 the first (or perhaps the only) server listed in the configuration, your | |
29107 | 563 @env{DISPLAY} is @samp{glasperle:0.0}. |
25829 | 564 |
565 You can specify the display name explicitly when you run Emacs, either | |
29107 | 566 by changing the @env{DISPLAY} variable, or with the option @samp{-d |
25829 | 567 @var{display}} or @samp{--display=@var{display}}. Here is an example: |
568 | |
569 @smallexample | |
570 emacs --display=glasperle:0 & | |
571 @end smallexample | |
572 | |
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573 You can inhibit the direct use of the window system and GUI with the |
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574 @samp{-nw} option. It tells Emacs to display using ordinary ASCII on |
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575 its controlling terminal. This is also an initial option. |
25829 | 576 |
577 Sometimes, security arrangements prevent a program on a remote system | |
578 from displaying on your local system. In this case, trying to run Emacs | |
579 produces messages like this: | |
580 | |
581 @smallexample | |
582 Xlib: connection to "glasperle:0.0" refused by server | |
583 @end smallexample | |
584 | |
585 @noindent | |
586 You might be able to overcome this problem by using the @code{xhost} | |
587 command on the local system to give permission for access from your | |
588 remote machine. | |
589 | |
590 @node Font X | |
591 @appendixsec Font Specification Options | |
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592 @cindex font name (X Window System) |
25829 | 593 |
594 By default, Emacs displays text in the font named @samp{9x15}, which | |
595 makes each character nine pixels wide and fifteen pixels high. You can | |
596 specify a different font on your command line through the option | |
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597 @samp{-fn @var{name}} (or @samp{--font}, which is an alias for |
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598 @samp{-fn}). |
25829 | 599 |
600 @table @samp | |
601 @item -fn @var{name} | |
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602 @opindex -fn |
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603 @itemx --font=@var{name} |
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604 @opindex --font |
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605 @cindex specify default font from the command line |
25829 | 606 Use font @var{name} as the default font. |
607 @end table | |
608 | |
609 Under X, each font has a long name which consists of eleven words or | |
610 numbers, separated by dashes. Some fonts also have shorter | |
611 nicknames---@samp{9x15} is such a nickname. You can use either kind of | |
612 name. You can use wildcard patterns for the font name; then Emacs lets | |
613 X choose one of the fonts that match the pattern. Here is an example, | |
614 which happens to specify the font whose nickname is @samp{6x13}: | |
615 | |
616 @smallexample | |
617 emacs -fn "-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1" & | |
618 @end smallexample | |
619 | |
620 @noindent | |
621 You can also specify the font in your @file{.Xdefaults} file: | |
622 | |
623 @smallexample | |
624 emacs.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1 | |
625 @end smallexample | |
626 | |
627 A long font name has the following form: | |
628 | |
629 @smallexample | |
630 -@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{} | |
631 @dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{charset} | |
632 @end smallexample | |
633 | |
634 @table @var | |
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635 @item maker |
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636 This is the name of the font manufacturer. |
25829 | 637 @item family |
638 This is the name of the font family---for example, @samp{courier}. | |
639 @item weight | |
640 This is normally @samp{bold}, @samp{medium} or @samp{light}. Other | |
641 words may appear here in some font names. | |
642 @item slant | |
643 This is @samp{r} (roman), @samp{i} (italic), @samp{o} (oblique), | |
644 @samp{ri} (reverse italic), or @samp{ot} (other). | |
645 @item widthtype | |
646 This is normally @samp{condensed}, @samp{extended}, @samp{semicondensed} | |
647 or @samp{normal}. Other words may appear here in some font names. | |
648 @item style | |
649 This is an optional additional style name. Usually it is empty---most | |
650 long font names have two hyphens in a row at this point. | |
651 @item pixels | |
652 This is the font height, in pixels. | |
653 @item height | |
654 This is the font height on the screen, measured in tenths of a printer's | |
655 point---approximately 1/720 of an inch. In other words, it is the point | |
656 size of the font, times ten. For a given vertical resolution, | |
657 @var{height} and @var{pixels} are proportional; therefore, it is common | |
658 to specify just one of them and use @samp{*} for the other. | |
659 @item horiz | |
660 This is the horizontal resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for | |
661 which the font is intended. | |
662 @item vert | |
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663 This is the vertical resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for |
25829 | 664 which the font is intended. Normally the resolution of the fonts on |
665 your system is the right value for your screen; therefore, you normally | |
666 specify @samp{*} for this and @var{horiz}. | |
667 @item spacing | |
668 This is @samp{m} (monospace), @samp{p} (proportional) or @samp{c} | |
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669 (character cell). |
25829 | 670 @item width |
671 This is the average character width, in pixels, multiplied by ten. | |
672 @item charset | |
673 This is the character set that the font depicts. | |
674 Normally you should use @samp{iso8859-1}. | |
675 @end table | |
676 | |
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677 @cindex listing system fonts |
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678 You will probably want to use a fixed-width default font---that is, |
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679 a font in which all characters have the same width. Any font with |
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680 @samp{m} or @samp{c} in the @var{spacing} field of the long name is a |
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681 fixed-width font. Here's how to use the @code{xlsfonts} program to |
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682 list all the fixed-width fonts available on your system: |
25829 | 683 |
684 @example | |
685 xlsfonts -fn '*x*' | egrep "^[0-9]+x[0-9]+" | |
686 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-m*' | |
687 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-c*' | |
688 @end example | |
689 | |
690 @noindent | |
691 To see what a particular font looks like, use the @code{xfd} command. | |
692 For example: | |
693 | |
694 @example | |
695 xfd -fn 6x13 | |
696 @end example | |
697 | |
698 @noindent | |
699 displays the entire font @samp{6x13}. | |
700 | |
701 While running Emacs, you can set the font of the current frame | |
702 (@pxref{Frame Parameters}) or for a specific kind of text | |
703 (@pxref{Faces}). | |
704 | |
705 @node Colors X | |
706 @appendixsec Window Color Options | |
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707 @cindex color of window |
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708 @cindex text colors, from command line |
25829 | 709 |
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710 @findex list-colors-display |
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711 @cindex available colors |
25829 | 712 On a color display, you can specify which color to use for various |
713 parts of the Emacs display. To find out what colors are available on | |
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714 your system, type @kbd{M-x list-colors-display}, or press |
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715 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} and select @samp{Display Colors} from the pop-up menu. |
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716 If you do not specify colors, on windowed displays the default for the |
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717 background is white and the default for all other colors is black. On a |
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718 monochrome display, the foreground is black, the background is white, |
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719 and the border is gray if the display supports that. On terminals, the |
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720 background is usually black and the foreground is white. |
25829 | 721 |
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722 Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying colors: |
25829 | 723 |
724 @table @samp | |
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725 @item -fg @var{color} |
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726 @opindex -fg |
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727 @itemx --foreground-color=@var{color} |
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728 @opindex --foreground-color |
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729 @cindex foreground color, command-line argument |
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730 Specify the foreground color. @var{color} should be a standard color |
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731 name, or a numeric specification of the color's red, green, and blue |
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732 components as in @samp{#4682B4} or @samp{RGB:46/82/B4}. |
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733 @item -bg @var{color} |
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734 @opindex -bg |
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735 @itemx --background-color=@var{color} |
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736 @opindex --background-color |
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737 @cindex background color, command-line argument |
25829 | 738 Specify the background color. |
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739 @item -bd @var{color} |
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740 @opindex -bd |
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741 @itemx --border-color=@var{color} |
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742 @opindex --border-color |
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743 @cindex border color, command-line argument |
25829 | 744 Specify the color of the border of the X window. |
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745 @item -cr @var{color} |
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746 @opindex -cr |
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747 @itemx --cursor-color=@var{color} |
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748 @opindex --cursor-color |
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749 @cindex cursor color, command-line argument |
25829 | 750 Specify the color of the Emacs cursor which indicates where point is. |
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751 @item -ms @var{color} |
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752 @opindex -ms |
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753 @itemx --mouse-color=@var{color} |
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754 @opindex --mouse-color |
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755 @cindex mouse pointer color, command-line argument |
25829 | 756 Specify the color for the mouse cursor when the mouse is in the Emacs window. |
757 @item -r | |
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758 @opindex -r |
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759 @itemx -rv |
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760 @opindex -rv |
25829 | 761 @itemx --reverse-video |
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762 @opindex --reverse-video |
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763 @cindex reverse video, command-line argument |
25829 | 764 Reverse video---swap the foreground and background colors. |
765 @end table | |
766 | |
767 For example, to use a coral mouse cursor and a slate blue text cursor, | |
768 enter: | |
769 | |
770 @example | |
771 emacs -ms coral -cr 'slate blue' & | |
772 @end example | |
773 | |
774 You can reverse the foreground and background colors through the | |
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775 @samp{-rv} option or with the X resource @samp{reverseVideo}. |
25829 | 776 |
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777 The @samp{-fg}, @samp{-bg}, and @samp{-rv} options function on |
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778 text-only terminals as well as on window systems. |
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779 |
25829 | 780 @node Window Size X |
781 @appendixsec Options for Window Geometry | |
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782 @cindex geometry of Emacs window |
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783 @cindex position and size of Emacs frame |
25829 | 784 |
785 The @samp{-geometry} option controls the size and position of the | |
786 initial Emacs frame. Here is the format for specifying the window | |
787 geometry: | |
788 | |
789 @table @samp | |
790 @item -g @var{width}x@var{height}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset} | |
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791 @opindex -g |
25829 | 792 Specify window size @var{width} and @var{height} (measured in character |
793 columns and lines), and positions @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} | |
794 (measured in pixels). | |
795 | |
796 @item --geometry=@var{width}x@var{height}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset} | |
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797 @opindex --geometry |
25829 | 798 This is another way of writing the same thing. |
799 @end table | |
800 | |
801 @noindent | |
802 @code{@r{@{}+-@r{@}}} means either a plus sign or a minus sign. A plus | |
803 sign before @var{xoffset} means it is the distance from the left side of | |
804 the screen; a minus sign means it counts from the right side. A plus | |
805 sign before @var{yoffset} means it is the distance from the top of the | |
806 screen, and a minus sign there indicates the distance from the bottom. | |
807 The values @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} may themselves be positive or | |
808 negative, but that doesn't change their meaning, only their direction. | |
809 | |
810 Emacs uses the same units as @code{xterm} does to interpret the geometry. | |
811 The @var{width} and @var{height} are measured in characters, so a large font | |
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812 creates a larger frame than a small font. (If you specify a proportional |
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813 font, Emacs uses its maximum bounds width as the width unit.) The |
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814 @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are measured in pixels. |
25829 | 815 |
816 Since the mode line and the echo area occupy the last 2 lines of the | |
817 frame, the height of the initial text window is 2 less than the height | |
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818 specified in your geometry. In non-X-toolkit versions of Emacs, the |
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819 menu bar also takes one line of the specified number. But in the X |
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820 toolkit version, the menu bar is additional and does not count against |
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821 the specified height. The tool bar, if present, is also additional. |
25829 | 822 |
823 You do not have to specify all of the fields in the geometry | |
824 specification. | |
825 | |
826 If you omit both @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset}, the window manager | |
827 decides where to put the Emacs frame, possibly by letting you place | |
828 it with the mouse. For example, @samp{164x55} specifies a window 164 | |
829 columns wide, enough for two ordinary width windows side by side, and 55 | |
830 lines tall. | |
831 | |
832 The default width for Emacs is 80 characters and the default height is | |
833 40 lines. You can omit either the width or the height or both. If | |
834 you start the geometry with an integer, Emacs interprets it as the | |
835 width. If you start with an @samp{x} followed by an integer, Emacs | |
836 interprets it as the height. Thus, @samp{81} specifies just the width; | |
837 @samp{x45} specifies just the height. | |
838 | |
839 If you start with @samp{+} or @samp{-}, that introduces an offset, | |
840 which means both sizes are omitted. Thus, @samp{-3} specifies the | |
841 @var{xoffset} only. (If you give just one offset, it is always | |
842 @var{xoffset}.) @samp{+3-3} specifies both the @var{xoffset} and the | |
843 @var{yoffset}, placing the frame near the bottom left of the screen. | |
844 | |
845 You can specify a default for any or all of the fields in | |
846 @file{.Xdefaults} file, and then override selected fields with a | |
847 @samp{--geometry} option. | |
848 | |
849 @node Borders X | |
850 @appendixsec Internal and External Borders | |
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851 @cindex borders (X Window System) |
25829 | 852 |
853 An Emacs frame has an internal border and an external border. The | |
854 internal border is an extra strip of the background color around all | |
855 four edges of the frame. Emacs itself adds the internal border. The | |
856 external border is added by the window manager outside the internal | |
857 border; it may contain various boxes you can click on to move or iconify | |
858 the window. | |
859 | |
860 @table @samp | |
861 @item -ib @var{width} | |
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862 @opindex -ib |
25829 | 863 @itemx --internal-border=@var{width} |
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864 @opindex --internal-border |
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865 @cindex border width, command-line argument |
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866 Specify @var{width} as the width of the internal border, in pixels. |
25829 | 867 |
868 @item -bw @var{width} | |
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869 @opindex -bw |
25829 | 870 @itemx --border-width=@var{width} |
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871 @opindex --border-width |
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872 Specify @var{width} as the width of the main border, in pixels. |
25829 | 873 @end table |
874 | |
875 When you specify the size of the frame, that does not count the | |
876 borders. The frame's position is measured from the outside edge of the | |
877 external border. | |
878 | |
879 Use the @samp{-ib @var{n}} option to specify an internal border | |
880 @var{n} pixels wide. The default is 1. Use @samp{-bw @var{n}} to | |
881 specify the width of the external border (though the window manager may | |
882 not pay attention to what you specify). The default width of the | |
883 external border is 2. | |
884 | |
885 @node Title X | |
886 @appendixsec Frame Titles | |
887 | |
888 An Emacs frame may or may not have a specified title. The frame | |
889 title, if specified, appears in window decorations and icons as the name | |
890 of the frame. If an Emacs frame has no specified title, the default | |
891 title is the name of the executable program (if there is only one frame) | |
892 or the selected window's buffer name (if there is more than one frame). | |
893 | |
894 You can specify a title for the initial Emacs frame with a command | |
895 line option: | |
896 | |
897 @table @samp | |
898 @item -title @var{title} | |
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899 @opindex --title |
25829 | 900 @itemx --title=@var{title} |
901 @itemx -T @var{title} | |
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902 @opindex -T |
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903 @cindex frame title, command-line argument |
25829 | 904 Specify @var{title} as the title for the initial Emacs frame. |
905 @end table | |
906 | |
907 The @samp{--name} option (@pxref{Resources X}) also specifies the title | |
908 for the initial Emacs frame. | |
909 | |
910 @node Icons X | |
911 @appendixsec Icons | |
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912 @cindex icons (X Window System) |
25829 | 913 |
914 Most window managers allow the user to ``iconify'' a frame, removing | |
915 it from sight, and leaving a small, distinctive ``icon'' window in its | |
916 place. Clicking on the icon window makes the frame itself appear again. | |
917 If you have many clients running at once, you can avoid cluttering up | |
918 the screen by iconifying most of the clients. | |
919 | |
920 @table @samp | |
921 @item -i | |
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922 @opindex -i |
25829 | 923 @itemx --icon-type |
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924 @opindex --icon-type |
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925 @cindex Emacs icon, a gnu |
25829 | 926 Use a picture of a gnu as the Emacs icon. |
927 | |
928 @item -iconic | |
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929 @opindex --iconic |
25829 | 930 @itemx --iconic |
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931 @cindex start iconified, command-line argument |
25829 | 932 Start Emacs in iconified state. |
933 @end table | |
934 | |
935 The @samp{-i} or @samp{--icon-type} option tells Emacs to use an icon | |
936 window containing a picture of the GNU gnu. If omitted, Emacs lets the | |
937 window manager choose what sort of icon to use---usually just a small | |
938 rectangle containing the frame's title. | |
939 | |
940 The @samp{-iconic} option tells Emacs to begin running as an icon, | |
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941 rather than showing a frame right away. In this situation, the icon |
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942 is the only indication that Emacs has started; the text frame doesn't |
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943 appear until you deiconify it. |
25829 | 944 |
945 @node Resources X | |
946 @appendixsec X Resources | |
947 @cindex resources | |
948 | |
949 Programs running under the X Window System organize their user options | |
950 under a hierarchy of classes and resources. You can specify default | |
951 values for these options in your X resources file, usually named | |
952 @file{~/.Xdefaults}. | |
953 | |
954 Each line in the file specifies a value for one option or for a | |
955 collection of related options, for one program or for several programs | |
956 (optionally even for all programs). | |
957 | |
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958 @cindex Registry (MS-Windows) |
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959 MS-Windows systems don't support @file{~/.Xdefaults} files, but |
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960 Emacs compiled for Windows looks for X resources in the Windows |
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961 Registry, under the keys @samp{HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs} |
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962 and @samp{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs}. |
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963 |
25829 | 964 Programs define named resources with particular meanings. They also |
965 define how to group resources into named classes. For instance, in | |
966 Emacs, the @samp{internalBorder} resource controls the width of the | |
967 internal border, and the @samp{borderWidth} resource controls the width | |
968 of the external border. Both of these resources are part of the | |
969 @samp{BorderWidth} class. Case distinctions are significant in these | |
970 names. | |
971 | |
972 In @file{~/.Xdefaults}, you can specify a value for a single resource | |
973 on one line, like this: | |
974 | |
975 @example | |
976 emacs.borderWidth: 2 | |
977 @end example | |
978 | |
979 @noindent | |
980 Or you can use a class name to specify the same value for all resources | |
981 in that class. Here's an example: | |
982 | |
983 @example | |
984 emacs.BorderWidth: 2 | |
985 @end example | |
986 | |
987 If you specify a value for a class, it becomes the default for all | |
988 resources in that class. You can specify values for individual | |
989 resources as well; these override the class value, for those particular | |
990 resources. Thus, this example specifies 2 as the default width for all | |
991 borders, but overrides this value with 4 for the external border: | |
992 | |
993 @example | |
994 emacs.Borderwidth: 2 | |
995 emacs.borderwidth: 4 | |
996 @end example | |
997 | |
998 The order in which the lines appear in the file does not matter. | |
999 Also, command-line options always override the X resources file. | |
1000 | |
1001 The string @samp{emacs} in the examples above is also a resource | |
1002 name. It actually represents the name of the executable file that you | |
1003 invoke to run Emacs. If Emacs is installed under a different name, it | |
1004 looks for resources under that name instead of @samp{emacs}. | |
1005 | |
1006 @table @samp | |
1007 @item -name @var{name} | |
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1008 @opindex --name |
25829 | 1009 @itemx --name=@var{name} |
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1010 @cindex resource name, command-line argument |
25829 | 1011 Use @var{name} as the resource name (and the title) for the initial |
1012 Emacs frame. This option does not affect subsequent frames, but Lisp | |
1013 programs can specify frame names when they create frames. | |
1014 | |
1015 If you don't specify this option, the default is to use the Emacs | |
1016 executable's name as the resource name. | |
1017 | |
1018 @item -xrm @var{resource-values} | |
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1019 @opindex --xrm |
25829 | 1020 @itemx --xrm=@var{resource-values} |
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1021 @cindex resource values, command-line argument |
25829 | 1022 Specify X resource values for this Emacs job (see below). |
1023 @end table | |
1024 | |
1025 For consistency, @samp{-name} also specifies the name to use for | |
1026 other resource values that do not belong to any particular frame. | |
1027 | |
1028 The resources that name Emacs invocations also belong to a class; its | |
1029 name is @samp{Emacs}. If you write @samp{Emacs} instead of | |
1030 @samp{emacs}, the resource applies to all frames in all Emacs jobs, | |
1031 regardless of frame titles and regardless of the name of the executable | |
1032 file. Here is an example: | |
1033 | |
1034 @example | |
1035 Emacs.BorderWidth: 2 | |
1036 Emacs.borderWidth: 4 | |
1037 @end example | |
1038 | |
1039 You can specify a string of additional resource values for Emacs to | |
1040 use with the command line option @samp{-xrm @var{resources}}. The text | |
1041 @var{resources} should have the same format that you would use inside a file | |
1042 of X resources. To include multiple resource specifications in | |
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1043 @var{resources}, put a newline between them, just as you would in a file. |
25829 | 1044 You can also use @samp{#include "@var{filename}"} to include a file full |
1045 of resource specifications. Resource values specified with @samp{-xrm} | |
1046 take precedence over all other resource specifications. | |
1047 | |
1048 The following table lists the resource names that designate options | |
1049 for Emacs, each with the class that it belongs to: | |
1050 | |
1051 @table @asis | |
1052 @item @code{background} (class @code{Background}) | |
1053 Background color name. | |
1054 | |
1055 @item @code{bitmapIcon} (class @code{BitmapIcon}) | |
1056 Use a bitmap icon (a picture of a gnu) if @samp{on}, let the window | |
1057 manager choose an icon if @samp{off}. | |
1058 | |
1059 @item @code{borderColor} (class @code{BorderColor}) | |
1060 Color name for the external border. | |
1061 | |
1062 @item @code{borderWidth} (class @code{BorderWidth}) | |
1063 Width in pixels of the external border. | |
1064 | |
1065 @item @code{cursorColor} (class @code{Foreground}) | |
1066 Color name for text cursor (point). | |
1067 | |
1068 @item @code{font} (class @code{Font}) | |
1069 Font name for text (or fontset name, @pxref{Fontsets}). | |
1070 | |
1071 @item @code{foreground} (class @code{Foreground}) | |
1072 Color name for text. | |
1073 | |
1074 @item @code{geometry} (class @code{Geometry}) | |
1075 Window size and position. Be careful not to specify this resource as | |
1076 @samp{emacs*geometry}, because that may affect individual menus as well | |
1077 as the Emacs frame itself. | |
1078 | |
1079 If this resource specifies a position, that position applies only to the | |
1080 initial Emacs frame (or, in the case of a resource for a specific frame | |
1081 name, only that frame). However, the size if specified here applies to | |
1082 all frames. | |
1083 | |
1084 @item @code{iconName} (class @code{Title}) | |
1085 Name to display in the icon. | |
1086 | |
1087 @item @code{internalBorder} (class @code{BorderWidth}) | |
1088 Width in pixels of the internal border. | |
1089 | |
30861 | 1090 @item @code{lineSpacing} (class LineSpacing) |
1091 @cindex line spacing | |
1092 @cindex leading | |
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1093 Additional space (@dfn{leading}) between lines, in pixels. |
30861 | 1094 |
25829 | 1095 @item @code{menuBar} (class @code{MenuBar}) |
1096 Give frames menu bars if @samp{on}; don't have menu bars if @samp{off}. | |
1097 | |
34221 | 1098 @item @code{toolBar} (class @code{ToolBar}) |
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1099 Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. A zero value suppresses |
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1100 the tool bar. If the value is non-zero and |
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1101 @code{auto-resize-tool-bars} is non-@code{nil}, the tool bar's size |
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1102 will be changed automatically so that all tool bar items are visible. |
34221 | 1103 |
25829 | 1104 @item @code{minibuffer} (class @code{Minibuffer}) |
1105 If @samp{none}, don't make a minibuffer in this frame. | |
1106 It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead. | |
1107 | |
1108 @item @code{paneFont} (class @code{Font}) | |
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1109 @cindex font for menus |
25829 | 1110 Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs. |
1111 | |
1112 @item @code{pointerColor} (class @code{Foreground}) | |
1113 Color of the mouse cursor. | |
1114 | |
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1115 @ignore |
30861 | 1116 @item @code{privateColormap} (class @code{PrivateColormap}) |
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1117 If @samp{on}, use a private colormap, in the case where the ``default |
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1118 visual'' of class PseudoColor and Emacs is using it. |
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1119 @end ignore |
30861 | 1120 |
25829 | 1121 @item @code{reverseVideo} (class @code{ReverseVideo}) |
1122 Switch foreground and background default colors if @samp{on}, use colors as | |
1123 specified if @samp{off}. | |
1124 | |
30861 | 1125 @item @code{screenGamma} (class @code{ScreenGamma}) |
1126 @cindex gamma correction | |
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1127 Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter |
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1128 @code{screen-gamma}. |
25829 | 1129 |
1130 @item @code{selectionFont} (class @code{Font}) | |
1131 Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs. (For | |
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1132 toolkit versions, see @ref{Lucid Resources}, also see @ref{LessTif |
25829 | 1133 Resources}.) |
1134 | |
30861 | 1135 @item @code{synchronous} (class @code{Synchronous}) |
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1136 @cindex debugging X problems |
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1137 @cindex synchronous X mode |
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1138 Run Emacs in synchronous mode if @samp{on}. Synchronous mode is |
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1139 useful for debugging X problems. |
30861 | 1140 |
25829 | 1141 @item @code{title} (class @code{Title}) |
1142 Name to display in the title bar of the initial Emacs frame. | |
30861 | 1143 |
1144 @item @code{verticalScrollBars} (class @code{ScrollBars}) | |
1145 Give frames scroll bars if @samp{on}; don't have scroll bars if | |
1146 @samp{off}. | |
25829 | 1147 @end table |
1148 | |
1149 Here are resources for controlling the appearance of particular faces | |
1150 (@pxref{Faces}): | |
1151 | |
1152 @table @code | |
1153 @item @var{face}.attributeFont | |
1154 Font for face @var{face}. | |
1155 @item @var{face}.attributeForeground | |
1156 Foreground color for face @var{face}. | |
1157 @item @var{face}.attributeBackground | |
1158 Background color for face @var{face}. | |
1159 @item @var{face}.attributeUnderline | |
1160 Underline flag for face @var{face}. Use @samp{on} or @samp{true} for | |
1161 yes. | |
1162 @end table | |
1163 | |
1164 @node Lucid Resources | |
1165 @section Lucid Menu X Resources | |
1166 @cindex Menu X Resources (Lucid widgets) | |
1167 @cindex Lucid Widget X Resources | |
1168 | |
1169 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit | |
1170 with the Lucid menu widgets, then the menu bar is a separate widget and | |
1171 has its own resources. The resource names contain @samp{pane.menubar} | |
1172 (following, as always, the name of the Emacs invocation or @samp{Emacs} | |
1173 which stands for all Emacs invocations). Specify them like this: | |
1174 | |
1175 @example | |
1176 Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{resource}: @var{value} | |
1177 @end example | |
1178 | |
1179 @noindent | |
1180 For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, | |
1181 write this: | |
1182 | |
1183 @example | |
1184 Emacs.pane.menubar.font: 8x16 | |
1185 @end example | |
1186 | |
1187 @noindent | |
1188 Resources for @emph{non-menubar} toolkit pop-up menus have | |
1189 @samp{menu*}, in like fashion. For example, to specify the font | |
1190 @samp{8x16} for the pop-up menu items, write this: | |
1191 | |
1192 @example | |
1193 Emacs.menu*.font: 8x16 | |
1194 @end example | |
1195 | |
1196 @noindent | |
1197 For dialog boxes, use @samp{dialog} instead of @samp{menu}: | |
1198 | |
1199 @example | |
1200 Emacs.dialog*.font: 8x16 | |
1201 @end example | |
1202 | |
1203 @noindent | |
1204 Experience shows that on some systems you may need to add | |
1205 @samp{shell.}@: before the @samp{pane.menubar} or @samp{menu*}. On | |
1206 some other systems, you must not add @samp{shell.}. | |
1207 | |
1208 Here is a list of the specific resources for menu bars and pop-up menus: | |
1209 | |
1210 @table @code | |
1211 @item font | |
1212 Font for menu item text. | |
1213 @item foreground | |
1214 Color of the foreground. | |
1215 @item background | |
1216 Color of the background. | |
1217 @item buttonForeground | |
1218 In the menu bar, the color of the foreground for a selected item. | |
1219 @item horizontalSpacing | |
1220 Horizontal spacing in pixels between items. Default is 3. | |
1221 @item verticalSpacing | |
1222 Vertical spacing in pixels between items. Default is 1. | |
1223 @item arrowSpacing | |
1224 Horizontal spacing between the arrow (which indicates a submenu) and | |
1225 the associated text. Default is 10. | |
1226 @item shadowThickness | |
1227 Thickness of shadow line around the widget. | |
30923 | 1228 @item margin |
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1229 The margin of the menu bar, in characters. The default of 4 makes the |
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1230 menu bar appear like the LessTif/Motif one. |
25829 | 1231 @end table |
1232 | |
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1233 @node LessTif Resources |
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1234 @section LessTif Menu X Resources |
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1235 @cindex Menu X Resources (LessTif widgets) |
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1236 @cindex LessTif Widget X Resources |
25829 | 1237 |
1238 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit | |
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1239 with the LessTif or Motif widgets, then the menu bar is a separate |
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1240 widget and has its own resources. The resource names contain |
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1241 @samp{pane.menubar} (following, as always, the name of the Emacs |
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1242 invocation or @samp{Emacs} which stands for all Emacs invocations). |
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1243 Specify them like this: |
25829 | 1244 |
1245 @smallexample | |
1246 Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{subwidget}.@var{resource}: @var{value} | |
1247 @end smallexample | |
1248 | |
1249 Each individual string in the menu bar is a subwidget; the subwidget's | |
1250 name is the same as the menu item string. For example, the word | |
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1251 @samp{File} in the menu bar is part of a subwidget named |
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1252 @samp{emacs.pane.menubar.File}. Most likely, you want to specify the |
25829 | 1253 same resources for the whole menu bar. To do this, use @samp{*} instead |
1254 of a specific subwidget name. For example, to specify the font | |
1255 @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, write this: | |
1256 | |
1257 @smallexample | |
1258 Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16 | |
1259 @end smallexample | |
1260 | |
1261 @noindent | |
1262 This also specifies the resource value for submenus. | |
1263 | |
1264 Each item in a submenu in the menu bar also has its own name for X | |
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1265 resources; for example, the @samp{File} submenu has an item named |
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1266 @samp{Save (current buffer)}. A resource specification for a submenu |
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1267 item looks like this: |
25829 | 1268 |
1269 @smallexample | |
1270 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{item}.@var{resource}: @var{value} | |
1271 @end smallexample | |
1272 | |
1273 @noindent | |
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1274 For example, here's how to specify the font for the @samp{Save (current |
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1275 buffer)} item: |
25829 | 1276 |
1277 @smallexample | |
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1278 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.File.Save (current buffer).fontList: 8x16 |
25829 | 1279 @end smallexample |
1280 | |
1281 @noindent | |
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1282 For an item in a second-level submenu, such as @samp{Spell-Check Message} |
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1283 under @samp{Spell Checking} under @samp{Tools}, the resource fits this |
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1284 template: |
25829 | 1285 |
1286 @smallexample | |
1287 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{resource}: @var{value} | |
1288 @end smallexample | |
1289 | |
1290 @noindent | |
1291 For example, | |
1292 | |
1293 @smallexample | |
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1294 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.Spell Checking.Spell-Check Message: @var{value} |
25829 | 1295 @end smallexample |
1296 | |
1297 It's impossible to specify a resource for all the menu-bar items | |
1298 without also specifying it for the submenus as well. So if you want the | |
1299 submenu items to look different from the menu bar itself, you must ask | |
1300 for that in two steps. First, specify the resource for all of them; | |
1301 then, override the value for submenus alone. Here is an example: | |
1302 | |
1303 @smallexample | |
1304 Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16 | |
1305 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.fontList: 8x16 | |
1306 @end smallexample | |
1307 | |
1308 @noindent | |
1309 For toolkit pop-up menus, use @samp{menu*} instead of | |
1310 @samp{pane.menubar}. For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for | |
1311 the pop-up menu items, write this: | |
1312 | |
1313 @smallexample | |
1314 Emacs.menu*.fontList: 8x16 | |
1315 @end smallexample | |
1316 | |
1317 @iftex | |
1318 @medbreak | |
1319 @end iftex | |
1320 Here is a list of the specific resources for menu bars and pop-up menus: | |
1321 | |
1322 @table @code | |
1323 @item armColor | |
1324 The color to show in an armed button. | |
1325 @item fontList | |
1326 The font to use. | |
1327 @item marginBottom | |
1328 @itemx marginHeight | |
1329 @itemx marginLeft | |
1330 @itemx marginRight | |
1331 @itemx marginTop | |
1332 @itemx marginWidth | |
1333 Amount of space to leave around the item, within the border. | |
1334 @item borderWidth | |
1335 The width of border around the menu item, on all sides. | |
1336 @item shadowThickness | |
1337 The width of the border shadow. | |
1338 @item bottomShadowColor | |
1339 The color for the border shadow, on the bottom and the right. | |
1340 @item topShadowColor | |
1341 The color for the border shadow, on the top and the left. | |
1342 @end table |