Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/gnus-faq.texi @ 83220:fe1db7935e1a
Fix core dump in redisplay window. (Reported by Yoshiaki Kasahara.) Plus cleanups.
* src/xdisp.c (handle_single_display_prop): Use FRAME_WINDOW_P instead of
checking against specific frame types. Ignore images on non-window
frames.
(echo_area_display): Use FRAME_INITIAL_P to check for initial frame.
(redisplay_preserve_echo_area): Update for multi-tty support.
(redisplay_window): Don't bother with toolbars, fringe bitmaps or
vertical borders on tty frames.
(display_line): Remove superflous #ifdefs.
git-archimport-id: lorentey@elte.hu--2004/emacs--multi-tty--0--patch-260
author | Karoly Lorentey <lorentey@elte.hu> |
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date | Thu, 14 Oct 2004 14:58:43 +0000 |
parents | f7785a1e8cf8 |
children | ec047d4f2cfc ff0e824afa37 |
rev | line source |
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9c198c1dc72f
Update from version 5.1 of the Gnus repository.
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1 @c Insert "\input texinfo" at 1st line before texing this file alone. |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1995, 2001, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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4 @setfilename gnus-faq.info |
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5 |
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6 @c Frequently Asked Questions, FAQ - Introduction, Emacs for Heathens, Top |
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8 @node Frequently Asked Questions | |
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9 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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10 |
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11 @c @chapter Frequently Asked Questions |
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13 @cindex FAQ |
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14 @cindex Frequently Asked Questions |
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15 |
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16 @c - Uncomment @chapter, comment @section |
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17 @c - run (texinfo-every-node-update) |
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18 @c - revert it. |
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20 @menu | |
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21 * FAQ - Introduction:: About Gnus and this FAQ. |
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22 * FAQ 1 - Installation:: Installation of Gnus. |
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23 * FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer:: Start up questions and the first |
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24 buffer Gnus shows you. |
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25 * FAQ 3 - Getting messages:: Making Gnus read your mail and news. |
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26 * FAQ 4 - Reading messages:: How to efficiently read messages. |
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27 * FAQ 5 - Composing messages:: Composing mails or Usenet postings. |
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28 * FAQ 6 - Old messages:: Importing, archiving, searching |
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29 and deleting messages. |
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30 * FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment:: Reading mail and news while offline. |
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31 * FAQ 8 - Getting help:: When this FAQ isn't enough. |
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32 * FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus:: How to make Gnus faster. |
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33 * FAQ - Glossary:: Terms used in the FAQ explained. |
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35 | |
36 | |
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37 @subheading Abstract |
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38 |
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39 This is the new Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list. If you have a |
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40 Web browser, the official hypertext version is at |
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41 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}, the Docbook source is available from |
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42 @uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnus/}. |
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43 |
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44 |
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45 Please submit features and suggestions to the |
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46 @email{faq-discuss@@my.gnus.org,FAQ discussion list}. |
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47 The list is protected against junk mail with |
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48 @uref{http://smarden.org/qconfirm/index.html,qconfirm, qconfirm}. As |
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49 a subscriber, your submissions will automatically pass. You can |
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50 also subscribe to the list by sending a blank email to |
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51 @email{faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org} |
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52 and |
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53 @uref{http://mail1.kens.com/cgi-bin/ezmlm-browse?command=monthbythread%26list=faq-discuss,browse |
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54 the archive, browse the archive}. |
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55 |
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56 @node FAQ - Introduction, FAQ 1 - Installation, Frequently Asked Questions, Frequently Asked Questions |
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57 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
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58 @heading Introduction |
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59 |
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60 This is the Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list. |
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61 |
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62 Gnus is a Usenet Newsreader and Electronic Mail User Agent implemented |
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63 as a part of Emacs. It's been around in some form for almost a decade |
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64 now, and has been distributed as a standard part of Emacs for much of |
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65 that time. Gnus 5 is the latest (and greatest) incarnation. The |
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66 original version was called GNUS, and was written by Masanobu UMEDA. |
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67 When autumn crept up in '94, Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen grew bored and |
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68 decided to rewrite Gnus. |
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69 |
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70 Its biggest strength is the fact that it is extremely |
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71 customizable. It is somewhat intimidating at first glance, but |
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72 most of the complexity can be ignored until you're ready to take |
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73 advantage of it. If you receive a reasonable volume of e-mail |
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74 (you're on various mailing lists), or you would like to read |
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75 high-volume mailing lists but cannot keep up with them, or read |
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76 high volume newsgroups or are just bored, then Gnus is what you |
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77 want. |
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78 |
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79 This FAQ was maintained by Justin Sheehy until March 2002. He |
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80 would like to thank Steve Baur and Per Abrahamsen for doing a wonderful |
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81 job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same - thanks, |
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82 Justin! |
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83 |
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84 |
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85 If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at:@* |
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86 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}. |
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87 This version is much nicer than the unofficial hypertext |
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88 versions that are archived at Utrecht, Oxford, Smart Pages, Ohio |
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89 State, and other FAQ archives. See the resources question below |
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90 if you want information on obtaining it in another format. |
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91 |
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92 |
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93 The information contained here was compiled with the assistance |
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94 of the Gnus development mailing list, and any errors or |
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95 misprints are the my.gnus.org team's fault, sorry. |
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96 |
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97 |
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98 @ifnottex |
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99 @node FAQ 1 - Installation, FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ - Introduction, Frequently Asked Questions |
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100 @end ifnottex |
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102 | |
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103 @menu |
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104 * [1.1]:: What is the latest version of Gnus? |
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105 * [1.2]:: What's new in 5.10? |
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106 * [1.3]:: Where and how to get Gnus? |
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107 * [1.4]:: What to do with the tarball now? |
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108 * [1.5]:: Which version of Emacs do I need? |
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109 * [1.6]:: How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs? |
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110 @end menu |
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111 |
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112 |
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113 @ifnottex |
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114 @node [1.1], [1.2], FAQ 1 - Installation, FAQ 1 - Installation |
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115 @end ifnottex |
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116 @subsubheading Question 1.1: |
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117 |
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118 What is the latest version of Gnus? |
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119 |
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120 Answer: |
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121 |
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122 Jingle please: Gnus 5.10 is released, get it while it's |
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123 hot! As well as the step in version number is rather |
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124 small, Gnus 5.10 has tons of new features which you |
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125 shouldn't miss, however if you are cautious, you might |
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126 prefer to stay with 5.8.8 respectively 5.9 (they are |
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127 basically the same) until some bugfix releases are out. |
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128 |
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129 @ifnottex |
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130 @node [1.2], [1.3], [1.1], FAQ 1 - Installation |
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131 @end ifnottex |
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132 @subsubheading Question 1.2: |
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133 |
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134 What's new in 5.10? |
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135 |
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136 Answer: |
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137 |
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138 First of all, you should have a look into the file |
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139 GNUS-NEWS in the toplevel directory of the Gnus tarball, |
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140 there the most important changes are listed. Here's a |
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141 short list of the changes I find especially |
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142 important/interesting: |
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143 |
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144 |
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145 |
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146 |
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147 @itemize @bullet{} |
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149 @item | |
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150 Major rewrite of the Gnus agent, Gnus agent is now |
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151 active by default. |
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152 |
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153 @item |
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154 Many new article washing functions for dealing with |
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155 ugly formatted articles. |
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156 |
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157 @item |
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158 Anti Spam features. |
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159 |
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160 @item |
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161 message-utils now included in Gnus. |
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162 |
25829 | 163 @item |
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164 New format specifiers for summary lines, e.g. %B for |
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165 a complex trn-style thread tree. |
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166 |
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167 @end itemize |
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168 |
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169 @ifnottex |
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170 @node [1.3], [1.4], [1.2], FAQ 1 - Installation |
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171 @end ifnottex |
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172 @subsubheading Question 1.3: |
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173 |
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174 Where and how to get Gnus? |
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175 |
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176 Answer: |
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177 |
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178 The latest released version of Gnus isn't included in |
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179 Emacs 21 and until now it also isn't available through the |
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180 package system of XEmacs 21.4, therefor you should get the |
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181 Gnus tarball from |
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182 @uref{http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz} |
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183 or via anonymous FTP from |
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184 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/gnus.tar.gz}. |
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185 |
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186 @ifnottex |
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187 @node [1.4], [1.5], [1.3], FAQ 1 - Installation |
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188 @end ifnottex |
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189 @subsubheading Question 1.4: |
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190 |
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191 What to do with the tarball now? |
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192 |
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193 |
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194 Answer: |
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195 |
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196 Untar it via @samp{tar xvzf gnus.tar.gz} and do the common |
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197 @samp{./configure; make; make install} circle. |
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198 (under MS-Windows either get the Cygwin environment from |
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199 @uref{http://www.cygwin.com} |
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200 which allows you to do what's described above or unpack the |
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201 tarball with some packer (e.g. Winace from |
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202 @uref{http://www.winace.com}) |
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203 and use the batch-file make.bat included in the tarball to install |
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204 Gnus. If you don't want to (or aren't allowed to) install Gnus |
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205 system-wide, you can install it in your home directory and add the |
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206 following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el or ~/.emacs: |
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207 |
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208 |
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209 @example |
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210 (add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/gnus/lisp") |
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211 (if (featurep 'xemacs) |
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212 (add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/") |
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213 (add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/")) |
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214 @end example |
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215 |
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216 @noindent |
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217 Make sure that you don't have any Gnus related stuff |
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218 before this line, on MS Windows use something like |
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219 "C:/path/to/lisp" (yes, "/"). |
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220 |
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221 @ifnottex |
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222 @node [1.5], [1.6], [1.4], FAQ 1 - Installation |
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223 @end ifnottex |
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224 @subsubheading Question 1.5: |
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225 |
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226 Which version of Emacs do I need? |
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227 |
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228 Answer: |
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229 |
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230 Gnus 5.10 requires an Emacs version that is greater |
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231 than or equal to Emacs 20.7 or XEmacs 21.1. |
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232 |
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233 @ifnottex |
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234 @node [1.6], , [1.5], FAQ 1 - Installation |
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235 @end ifnottex |
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236 @subsubheading Question 1.6: |
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237 |
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238 How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs? |
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239 |
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240 Answer: |
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241 |
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242 You can't use the same copy of Gnus in both as the Lisp |
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243 files are byte-compiled to a format which is different |
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244 depending on which Emacs did the compilation. Get one copy |
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245 of Gnus for Emacs and one for XEmacs. |
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246 |
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247 @ifnottex |
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248 @node FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 1 - Installation, Frequently Asked Questions |
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249 @end ifnottex |
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250 @subsection Startup / Group buffer |
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251 |
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252 @menu |
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253 * [2.1]:: Every time I start Gnus I get a message |
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254 "Gnus auto-save file exists. Do you want to read it?", |
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255 what does this mean and how to prevent it? |
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256 * [2.2]:: Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, what's this? |
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257 * [2.3]:: How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer? |
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258 * [2.4]:: My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to sort my |
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259 groups into categories so I can easier browse through them? |
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260 * [2.5]:: How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to sort the |
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261 groups in a topic? |
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262 @end menu |
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263 |
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264 @ifnottex |
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265 @node [2.1], [2.2], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer |
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266 @end ifnottex |
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267 @subsubheading Question 2.1: |
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268 |
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269 Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save |
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270 file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean |
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271 and how to prevent it? |
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272 |
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273 |
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274 Answer: |
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275 |
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276 This message means that the last time you used Gnus, it |
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277 wasn't properly exited and therefor couldn't write its |
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278 informations to disk (e.g. which messages you read), you |
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279 are now asked if you want to restore those informations |
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280 from the auto-save file. |
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281 |
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282 |
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283 To prevent this message make sure you exit Gnus |
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284 via @samp{q} in group buffer instead of |
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285 just killing Emacs. |
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286 |
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287 @ifnottex |
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288 @node [2.2], [2.3], [2.1], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer |
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289 @end ifnottex |
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290 @subsubheading Question: 2.2 |
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291 |
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292 Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, |
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293 what's this? |
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294 |
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295 |
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296 Answer: |
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297 |
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298 You get the message described in the q/a pair above while |
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299 starting Gnus, right? It's an other symptom for the same |
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300 problem, so read the answer above. |
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301 |
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302 @ifnottex |
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303 @node [2.3], [2.4], [2.2], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer |
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304 @end ifnottex |
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305 @subsubheading Question 2.3: |
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306 |
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307 How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer? |
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308 |
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309 |
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310 Answer: |
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311 |
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312 You've got to tweak the value of the variable |
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313 gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line |
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314 Specification" for information on how to do this. An |
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315 example for this (guess from whose .gnus :-)): |
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316 |
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317 |
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318 @example |
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319 |
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320 (setq gnus-group-line-format "%P%M%S[%5t]%5y : %(%g%)\n") |
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321 |
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322 @end example |
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323 |
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324 @ifnottex |
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325 @node [2.4], [2.5], [2.3], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer |
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326 @end ifnottex |
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327 @subsubheading Question 2.4: |
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328 |
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329 My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to |
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330 sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse |
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331 through them? |
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332 |
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333 |
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334 Answer: |
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335 |
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336 Gnus offers the topic mode, it allows you to sort your |
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337 groups in, well, topics, e.g. all groups dealing with |
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338 Linux under the topic linux, all dealing with music under |
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339 the topic music and all dealing with scottish music under |
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340 the topic scottish which is a subtopic of music. |
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341 |
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342 |
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343 To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now |
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344 you can use @samp{T n} to create a topic |
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345 at point and @samp{T m} to move a group to |
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346 a specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the |
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347 menu. You might want to include the %P specifier at the |
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348 beginning of your gnus-group-line-format variable to have |
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349 the groups nicely indented. |
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350 |
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351 @ifnottex |
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352 @node [2.5], , [2.4], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer |
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353 @end ifnottex |
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354 @subsubheading Question 2.5: |
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355 |
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356 How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to |
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357 sort the groups in a topic? |
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358 |
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359 |
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360 Answer: |
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361 |
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362 Move point over the group you want to move and |
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363 hit @samp{C-k}, now move point to the |
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364 place where you want the group to be and |
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365 hit @samp{C-y}. |
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366 |
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367 @ifnottex |
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368 @node FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, Frequently Asked Questions |
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369 @end ifnottex |
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370 @subsection Getting messages |
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371 |
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372 @menu |
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373 * [3.1]:: I just installed Gnus, started it via M-x gnus but it only says |
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374 "nntp (news) open error", what to do? |
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375 * [3.2]:: I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus means. |
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376 * [3.3]:: My news server requires authentication, how to store user name |
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377 and password on disk? |
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378 * [3.4]:: Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to |
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379 subscribe to a group. |
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380 * [3.5]:: Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to |
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381 post on this server as well as I am, what's that? |
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382 * [3.6]:: I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible? |
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383 * [3.7]:: And how about local spool files? |
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384 * [3.8]:: OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail |
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385 with Gnus, too. How to do it? |
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386 * [3.9]:: And what about IMAP? |
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387 * [3.10]:: At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, |
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388 can I use Gnus to read my mail from it? |
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389 * [3.11]:: Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server |
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390 it retrieves via POP3? |
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391 @end menu |
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392 |
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393 @ifnottex |
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394 @node [3.1], [3.2], FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 3 - Getting messages |
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395 @end ifnottex |
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396 @subsubheading Question 3.1: |
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397 |
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398 I just installed Gnus, started it via |
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399 @samp{M-x gnus} |
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400 but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do? |
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401 |
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402 |
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403 Answer: |
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404 |
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405 You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read |
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406 the documentation for information on how to do this. As a |
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407 first start, put those lines in ~/.gnus: |
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408 |
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409 |
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410 @example |
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411 (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.yourprovider.net")) |
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412 (setq user-mail-address "you@@yourprovider.net") |
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413 (setq user-full-name "Your Name") |
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414 @end example |
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415 |
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416 @ifnottex |
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417 @node [3.2], [3.3], [3.1], FAQ 3 - Getting messages |
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418 @end ifnottex |
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419 @subsubheading Question 3.2: |
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420 |
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421 I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus means. |
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422 |
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423 |
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424 Answer: |
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425 |
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426 The ~/ means the home directory where Gnus and Emacs look for the |
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427 configuration files. However, you don't really need to know what this |
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428 means, it suffices that Emacs knows what it means :-) You can type |
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429 @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET } (yes, with the forward slash, even on |
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430 Windows), and Emacs will open the right file for you. (It will most |
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431 likely be new, and thus empty.) However, I'd discourage you from |
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432 doing so, since the directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not be |
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433 what you want, so let's do it the correct way. The first thing you've |
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434 got to do is to create a suitable directory (no blanks in directory |
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435 name please) e.g. @file{c:\myhome}. Then you must set the environment |
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436 variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Win9x or Me include |
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437 the line |
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438 |
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439 |
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440 @example |
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441 |
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442 SET HOME=C:\myhome |
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443 |
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444 @end example |
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445 |
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446 @noindent |
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447 in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP, |
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448 hit Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it |
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449 doesn't work, go to Control Panel -> System). There you'll |
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450 find the possibility to set environment variables, create |
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451 a new one with name HOME and value @file{c:\myhome}, a reboot is |
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452 not necessary. |
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453 |
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454 |
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455 Now to create ~/.gnus, say |
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456 @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET C-x C-s}. |
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457 in Emacs. |
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458 |
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459 @ifnottex |
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460 @node [3.3], [3.4], [3.2], FAQ 3 - Getting messages |
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461 @end ifnottex |
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462 @subsubheading Question 3.3: |
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463 |
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464 My news server requires authentication, how to store |
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465 user name and password on disk? |
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466 |
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467 |
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468 Answer: |
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469 |
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470 Create a file ~/.authinfo which includes for each server a line like this |
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471 |
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472 |
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473 @example |
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474 machine news.yourprovider.net login YourUserName password YourPassword |
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475 @end example |
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476 |
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477 @noindent |
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478 . |
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479 Make sure that the file isn't readable to others if you |
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480 work on a OS which is capable of doing so. (Under Unix |
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481 say |
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482 |
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483 @example |
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484 chmod 600 ~/.authinfo |
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485 @end example |
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486 |
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487 @noindent |
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488 in a shell.) |
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489 |
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490 @ifnottex |
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491 @node [3.4], [3.5], [3.3], FAQ 3 - Getting messages |
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492 @end ifnottex |
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493 @subsubheading Question 3.4: |
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494 |
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495 Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to |
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496 subscribe to a group. |
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497 |
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498 |
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499 Answer: |
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500 |
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501 If you know the name of the group say @samp{U |
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502 name.of.group RET} in group buffer (use the |
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503 tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group buffer, |
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504 this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the |
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505 cursor) over the server which carries the group you want, |
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506 hit @samp{RET}, move point to the group |
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507 you want to subscribe to and say @samp{u} |
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508 to subscribe to it. |
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509 |
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510 @ifnottex |
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511 @node [3.5], [3.6], [3.4], FAQ 3 - Getting messages |
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512 @end ifnottex |
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513 @subsubheading Question 3.5: |
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514 |
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515 Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to |
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516 post on this server as well as I am, what's that? |
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517 |
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518 |
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519 Answer: |
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520 |
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521 Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full |
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522 access only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo |
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523 to those servers append |
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524 |
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525 |
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526 @example |
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527 force yes |
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528 @end example |
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529 |
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530 |
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531 @noindent |
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532 to the line for those servers in ~/.authinfo. |
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533 |
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534 @ifnottex |
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535 @node [3.6], [3.7], [3.5], FAQ 3 - Getting messages |
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536 @end ifnottex |
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537 @subsubheading Question 3.6: |
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538 |
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539 I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible? |
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540 |
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541 |
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542 Answer: |
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543 |
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544 Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the |
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545 variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like |
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546 this in ~/.gnus: |
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547 |
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548 |
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549 @example |
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550 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods |
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551 '(nntp "news.yourSecondProvider.net")) |
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552 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods |
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553 '(nntp "news.yourThirdProvider.net")) |
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554 @end example |
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555 |
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556 @ifnottex |
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557 @node [3.7], [3.8], [3.6], FAQ 3 - Getting messages |
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558 @end ifnottex |
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559 @subsubheading Question 3.7: |
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560 |
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561 And how about local spool files? |
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562 |
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563 |
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564 Answer: |
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565 |
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566 No problem, this is just one more select method called |
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567 nnspool, so you want this: |
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568 |
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569 |
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570 @example |
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571 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnspool "")) |
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572 @end example |
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573 |
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574 @noindent |
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575 Or this if you don't want an NNTP Server as primary news source: |
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576 |
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577 |
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578 @example |
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579 (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool "")) |
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580 @end example |
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581 |
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582 @noindent |
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583 Gnus will look for the spool file in /usr/spool/news, if you |
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584 want something different, change the line above to something like this: |
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585 |
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586 |
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587 @example |
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588 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods |
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589 '(nnspool "" (nnspool-directory "/usr/local/myspoolddir"))) |
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590 @end example |
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591 |
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592 @noindent |
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593 This sets the spool directory for this server only. |
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594 You might have to specify more stuff like the program used |
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595 to post articles, see the Gnus manual on how to do this. |
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596 |
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597 @ifnottex |
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598 @node [3.8], [3.9], [3.7], FAQ 3 - Getting messages |
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599 @end ifnottex |
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600 @subsubheading Question 3.8: |
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601 |
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602 OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail |
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603 with Gnus, too. How to do it? |
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604 |
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605 |
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606 Answer: |
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607 |
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608 That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources |
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609 for mail, many possible ways for storing mail and many |
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610 different ways for sending mail. The most common cases are |
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611 these: 1: You want to read your mail from a pop3 server and |
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612 send them directly to a SMTP Server 2: Some program like |
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613 fetchmail retrieves your mail and stores it on disk from |
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614 where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is sent by |
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615 Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA. Sometimes, you even |
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616 need a combination of the above cases. |
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617 |
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618 |
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619 However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way |
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620 it should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end |
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621 to use. Gnus supports many different back ends, the most |
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622 commonly used one is nnml. It stores every mail in one file |
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623 and is therefor quite fast. However you might prefer a one |
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624 file per group approach if your file system has problems with |
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625 many small files, the nnfolder back end is then probably the |
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626 choice for you. To use nnml add the following to ~/.gnus: |
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627 |
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628 |
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629 @example |
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630 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnml "")) |
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631 @end example |
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632 |
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633 @noindent |
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634 As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's |
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635 |
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636 |
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637 @example |
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638 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnfolder "")) |
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639 @end example |
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640 |
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641 |
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642 Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get it's mail from. If |
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643 it's a POP3 server, then you need something like this: |
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644 |
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645 |
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646 @example |
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647 (eval-after-load "mail-source" |
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648 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(pop :server "pop.YourProvider.net" |
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649 :user "yourUserName" |
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650 :password "yourPassword"))) |
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651 @end example |
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652 |
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653 @noindent |
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654 Make sure ~/.gnus isn't readable to others if you store |
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655 your password there. If you want to read your mail from a |
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656 traditional spool file on your local machine, it's |
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657 |
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658 |
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659 @example |
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660 (eval-after-load "mail-source" |
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661 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(file :path "/path/to/spool/file"))) |
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662 @end example |
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663 |
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664 @noindent |
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665 If it's a Maildir, with one file per message as used by |
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666 postfix, Qmail and (optionally) fetchmail it's |
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667 |
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668 |
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669 @example |
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670 (eval-after-load "mail-source" |
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671 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(maildir :path "/path/to/Maildir/" |
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672 :subdirs ("cur" "new"))) |
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673 @end example |
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674 |
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675 @noindent |
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676 And finally if you want to read your mail from several files |
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677 in one directory, for example because procmail already split your |
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678 mail, it's |
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679 |
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680 |
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681 @example |
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682 (eval-after-load "mail-source" |
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683 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(directory :path "/path/to/procmail-dir/" |
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684 :suffix ".prcml")) |
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685 @end example |
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686 |
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687 @noindent |
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688 Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the |
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689 suffix .prcml. |
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690 |
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691 |
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692 OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you |
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693 want to send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing |
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694 the role of sendmail on your system), you don't need to do |
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695 anything. However, if you want to send your mail to an |
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696 SMTP Server you need the following in your ~/.gnus |
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697 |
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698 |
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699 @example |
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700 (setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) |
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701 (setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) |
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702 (setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.yourProvider.net") |
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703 @end example |
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704 |
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705 @ifnottex |
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706 @node [3.9], [3.10], [3.8], FAQ 3 - Getting messages |
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707 @end ifnottex |
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708 @subsubheading Question 3.9: |
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709 |
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710 And what about IMAP? |
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711 |
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712 |
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713 Answer: |
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714 |
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715 There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is |
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716 to use IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from |
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717 the IMAP server and stores it on disk. If you want to do |
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718 this (you don't really want to do this) add the following to |
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719 ~/.gnus |
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720 |
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721 |
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722 @example |
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723 (add-to-list 'mail-sources '(imap :server "mail.mycorp.com" |
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724 :user "username" |
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725 :pass "password" |
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726 :stream network |
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727 :authentication login |
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728 :mailbox "INBOX" |
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729 :fetchflag "\\Seen")) |
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730 @end example |
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731 |
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732 @noindent |
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733 You might have to tweak the values for stream and/or |
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734 authentification, see the Gnus manual node "Mail Source |
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735 Specifiers" for possible values. |
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736 |
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737 |
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738 If you want to use IMAP the way it's intended, you've got to |
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739 follow a different approach. You've got to add the nnimap |
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740 back end to your select method and give the information |
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741 about the server there. |
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742 |
25829 | 743 |
744 @example | |
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745 (add-to-list |
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746 'gnus-secondary-select-methods |
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747 '(nnimap "Give the baby a name" |
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748 (nnimap-address "imap.yourProvider.net") |
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749 (nnimap-port 143) |
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750 (nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*"))) |
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751 @end example |
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752 |
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753 @noindent |
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754 Again, you might have to specify how to authenticate to the |
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755 server if Gnus can't guess the correct way, see the Manual |
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756 Node "IMAP" for detailed information. |
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757 |
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758 @ifnottex |
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759 @node [3.10], [3.11], [3.9], FAQ 3 - Getting messages |
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760 @end ifnottex |
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761 @subsubheading Question 3.10: |
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762 |
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763 At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use |
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764 Gnus to read my mail from it? |
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765 |
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766 |
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767 Answer: |
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768 |
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769 Offer your administrator a pair of new running shoes for |
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770 activating IMAP on the server and follow the instructions |
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771 above. |
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772 |
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773 @ifnottex |
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774 @node [3.11], , [3.10], FAQ 3 - Getting messages |
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775 @end ifnottex |
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776 @subsubheading Question 3.11: |
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777 |
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778 Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it |
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779 retrieves via POP3? |
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780 |
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781 |
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782 Answer: |
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783 |
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784 First of all, that's not the way POP3 is intended to work, |
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785 if you have the possibility, you should use the IMAP |
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786 Protocol if you want your messages to stay on the |
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787 server. Nevertheless there might be situations where you |
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788 need the feature, but sadly Gnus itself has no predefined |
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789 functionality to do so. |
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790 |
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791 |
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792 However this is Gnus county so there are possibilities to |
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793 achieve what you want. The easiest way is to get an external |
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794 program which retrieves copies of the mail and stores them |
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795 on disk, so Gnus can read it from there. On Unix systems you |
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796 could use e.g. fetchmail for this, on MS Windows you can use |
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797 Hamster, an excellent local news and mail server. |
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798 |
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799 |
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800 The other solution would be, to replace the method Gnus |
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801 uses to get mail from POP3 servers by one which is capable |
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802 of leaving the mail on the server. If you use XEmacs, get |
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803 the package mail-lib, it includes an enhanced pop3.el, |
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804 look in the file, there's documentation on how to tell |
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805 Gnus to use it and not to delete the retrieved mail. For |
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806 GNU Emacs look for the file epop3.el which can do the same |
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807 (If you know the home of this file, please send me an |
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808 e-mail). You can also tell Gnus to use an external program |
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809 (e.g. fetchmail) to fetch your mail, see the info node |
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810 "Mail Source Specifiers" in the Gnus manual on how to do |
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811 it. |
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812 |
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813 |
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814 @ifnottex |
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815 @node FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 3 - Getting messages, Frequently Asked Questions |
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816 @end ifnottex |
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817 @subsection Reading messages |
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818 |
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819 @menu |
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820 * [4.1]:: When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. |
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821 How to view them again? |
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822 * [4.2]:: How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time |
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823 I enter a group, even when it's read? |
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824 * [4.3]:: How to view the headers of a message? |
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825 * [4.4]:: How to view the raw unformatted message? |
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826 * [4.5]:: How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at the |
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827 top of the article buffer? |
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828 * [4.6]:: I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the |
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829 text part if it's available. How to do it? |
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830 * [4.7]:: Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails? |
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831 * [4.8]:: Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails |
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832 more readable? |
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833 * [4.9]:: Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific authors |
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834 or with specific words in the subject? And can I highlight more |
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835 interesting ones in some way? |
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836 * [4.10]:: How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set |
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837 other variables specific for some groups? |
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838 * [4.11]:: Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to those? |
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839 * [4.12]:: The number of total messages in a group which Gnus displays in |
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840 group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail groups. |
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841 Is this a bug? |
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842 * [4.13]:: I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, |
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843 how to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display? |
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844 * [4.14]:: I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it? |
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845 * [4.15]:: How to split incoming mails in several groups? |
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846 @end menu |
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847 |
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848 @ifnottex |
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849 @node [4.1], [4.2], FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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850 @end ifnottex |
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851 @subsubheading Question 4.1: |
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852 |
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853 When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again? |
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854 |
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855 |
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856 Answer: |
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857 |
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858 If you enter the group by saying |
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859 @samp{RET} |
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860 in summary buffer with point over the group, only unread and ticked messages are loaded. Say |
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861 @samp{C-u RET} |
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862 instead to load all available messages. If you want only the e.g. 300 newest say |
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863 @samp{C-u 300 RET} |
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864 |
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865 |
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866 Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded view enabled, say |
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867 |
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868 |
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869 @example |
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870 (setq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some) |
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871 @end example |
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872 |
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873 |
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874 @noindent |
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875 in ~/.gnus to load enough old articles to prevent teared threads, replace 'some with t to load |
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876 all articles (Warning: Both settings enlarge the amount of data which is |
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877 fetched when you enter a group and slow down the process of entering a group). |
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878 |
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879 |
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880 If you already use Gnus 5.10, you can say |
56927
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881 @samp{/o N} |
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882 In summary buffer to load the last N messages, this feature is not available in 5.8.8 |
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883 |
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884 |
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885 If you don't want all old messages, but the parent of the message you're just reading, |
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886 you can say @samp{^}, if you want to retrieve the whole thread |
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887 the message you're just reading belongs to, @samp{A T} is your friend. |
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888 |
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889 @ifnottex |
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890 @node [4.2], [4.3], [4.1], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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891 @end ifnottex |
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892 @subsubheading Question 4.2: |
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893 |
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894 How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I |
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895 enter a group, even when it's read? |
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896 |
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897 |
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898 Answer: |
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899 |
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900 You can tick important messages. To do this hit |
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901 @samp{u} while point is in summary buffer |
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902 over the message. When you want to remove the mark, hit |
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903 either @samp{d} (this deletes the tick |
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904 mark and set's unread mark) or @samp{M c} |
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905 (which deletes all marks for the message). |
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906 |
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907 @ifnottex |
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908 @node [4.3], [4.4], [4.2], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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909 @end ifnottex |
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910 @subsubheading Question 4.3: |
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911 |
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912 How to view the headers of a message? |
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913 |
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914 |
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915 Answer: |
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916 |
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917 Say @samp{t} |
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918 to show all headers, one more |
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919 @samp{t} |
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920 hides them again. |
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921 |
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922 @ifnottex |
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923 @node [4.4], [4.5], [4.3], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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924 @end ifnottex |
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925 @subsubheading Question 4.4: |
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926 |
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927 How to view the raw unformatted message? |
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928 |
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929 |
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930 Answer: |
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931 |
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932 Say |
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933 @samp{C-u g} |
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934 to show the raw message |
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935 @samp{g} |
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936 returns to normal view. |
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937 |
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938 @ifnottex |
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939 @node [4.5], [4.6], [4.4], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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940 @end ifnottex |
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941 @subsubheading Question 4.5: |
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942 |
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943 How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at |
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944 the top of the article buffer? |
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945 |
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946 |
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947 Answer: |
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948 |
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949 The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers |
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950 are shown, its value is a regular expression, header lines |
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951 which match it are shown. So if you want author, subject, |
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952 date, and if the header exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA |
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953 say this in ~/.gnus: |
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954 |
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955 @example |
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956 (setq gnus-visible-headers |
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957 "^\\(From:\\|Subject:\\|Date:\\|Followup-To:\ |
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958 \\|X-Newsreader:\\|User-Agent:\\|X-Mailer:\\)") |
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959 @end example |
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960 |
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961 @ifnottex |
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962 @node [4.6], [4.7], [4.5], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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963 @end ifnottex |
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964 @subsubheading Question 4.6: |
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965 |
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966 I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the |
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967 text part if it's available. How to do it? |
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968 |
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969 |
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970 Answer: |
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971 |
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972 Say |
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973 |
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974 |
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975 @example |
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976 (eval-after-load "mm-decode" |
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977 '(progn |
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978 (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/html") |
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979 (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/richtext"))) |
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980 @end example |
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981 |
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982 @noindent |
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983 in ~/.gnus. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no text alternative add |
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984 |
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985 |
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986 @example |
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987 (setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display)) |
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988 @end example |
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989 |
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990 @noindent |
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991 too. |
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992 |
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993 @ifnottex |
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994 @node [4.7], [4.8], [4.6], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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995 @end ifnottex |
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996 @subsubheading Question 4.7: |
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997 |
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998 Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails? |
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999 |
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1000 |
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1001 Answer: |
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1002 |
57224
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1003 Only if you use Gnus 5.10 or younger. In this case you've got the |
56927
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1004 choice between w3, w3m, links, lynx and html2text, which |
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1005 one is used can be specified in the variable |
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1006 mm-text-html-renderer, so if you want links to render your |
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1007 mail say |
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1008 |
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1009 |
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1010 @example |
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1011 (setq mm-text-html-renderer 'links) |
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1012 @end example |
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1013 |
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1014 @ifnottex |
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1015 @node [4.8], [4.9], [4.7], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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1016 @end ifnottex |
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1017 @subsubheading Question 4.8: |
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1018 |
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1019 Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails |
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1020 more readable? |
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1021 |
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1022 |
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1023 Answer: |
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1024 |
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1025 Gnus offers you several functions to "wash" incoming mail, |
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1026 you can find them if you browse through the menu, item Article->Washing. The most |
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1027 interesting ones are probably "Wrap long lines" ( |
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1028 @samp{W w} |
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1029 ), "Decode ROT13" ( |
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1030 @samp{W r} |
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1031 ) and "Outlook Deuglify" which repairs the dumb quoting used |
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1032 by many users of Microsoft products ( |
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1033 @samp{W Y f} gives you full deuglify. |
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1034 See @samp{W Y C-h} or |
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1035 have a look at the menus for other deuglifications). |
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1036 Outlook deuglify is only available since Gnus 5.10. |
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1037 |
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1038 @ifnottex |
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1039 @node [4.9], [4.10], [4.8], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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1040 @end ifnottex |
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1041 @subsubheading Question 4.9: |
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1042 |
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1043 Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific |
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1044 authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I |
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1045 highlight more interesting ones in some way? |
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1046 |
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1047 |
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1048 Answer: |
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1049 |
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1050 You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules |
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1051 which assign each message an integer value. Depending on |
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1052 the value the message is highlighted in summary buffer (if |
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1053 it's high, say +2000) or automatically marked read (if the |
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1054 value is low, say -800) or some other action happens. |
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1055 |
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1056 |
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1057 There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign |
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1058 the scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set |
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1059 up rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're |
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1060 reading a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want |
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1061 to ignore his messages in the future. Hit |
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1062 @samp{L}, to set up a rule which lowers the score. |
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1063 Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering the Score shall |
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1064 be. Hit @samp{?} twice to see all possibilities, |
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1065 we want @samp{a} which means the author (the from |
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1066 header). Now Gnus wants to know which kind of matching we want. |
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1067 Hit either @samp{e} for an exact match or |
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1068 @samp{s} for substring-match and delete afterwards |
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1069 everything but the name to score down all authors with the given |
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1070 name no matter which email address is used. Now you need to tell |
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1071 Gnus when to apply the rule and how long it should last, hit e.g. |
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1072 @samp{p} to apply the rule now and let it last |
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1073 forever. If you want to raise the score instead of lowering it say |
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1074 @samp{I} instead of @samp{L}. |
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1075 |
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1076 |
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1077 You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say @samp{V |
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1078 f} in summary buffer. Then you are asked for the name |
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1079 of the score file, it's name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in |
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1080 only one group or all.Score for rules valid in all groups. See the |
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1081 Gnus manual for the exact syntax, basically it's one big list |
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1082 whose elements are lists again. the first element of those lists |
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1083 is the header to score on, then one more list with what to match, |
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1084 which score to assign, when to expire the rule and how to do the |
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1085 matching. If you find me very interesting, you could e.g. add the |
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1086 following to your all.Score: |
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1087 |
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1088 |
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1089 @example |
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1090 (("references" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 500 nil s)) |
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1091 ("message-id" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 999 nil s))) |
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1092 @end example |
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1093 |
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1094 @noindent |
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1095 This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me |
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1096 and 500 to the score of messages which are a (possibly |
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1097 indirect) answer to a message written by me. Of course |
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1098 nobody with a sane mind would do this :-) |
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1099 |
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1100 |
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1101 The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus |
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1102 watches you and tries to find out what you find |
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1103 interesting and what annoying and sets up rules |
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1104 which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can be a huge help |
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1105 when reading high traffic groups. If you want to activate |
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1106 adaptive scoring say |
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1107 |
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1108 |
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1109 @example |
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1110 (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring t) |
25829 | 1111 @end example |
1112 | |
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1113 @noindent |
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1114 in ~/.gnus. |
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1115 |
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1116 @ifnottex |
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1117 @node [4.10], [4.11], [4.9], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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1118 @end ifnottex |
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1119 @subsubheading Question 4.10: |
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1120 |
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1121 How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or |
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1122 set other variables specific for some groups? |
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1123 |
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1124 |
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1125 Answer: |
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1126 |
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1127 While in group buffer move point over the group and hit |
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1128 @samp{G c}, this opens a buffer where you |
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1129 can set options for the group. At the bottom of the buffer |
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1130 you'll find an item that allows you to set variables |
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1131 locally for the group. To disable threading enter |
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1132 gnus-show-threads as name of variable and nil as |
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1133 value. Hit button done at the top of the buffer when |
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1134 you're ready. |
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1135 |
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1136 @ifnottex |
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1137 @node [4.11], [4.12], [4.10], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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1138 @end ifnottex |
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1139 @subsubheading Question 4.11: |
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1140 |
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1141 Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to |
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1142 those? |
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1143 |
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1144 |
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1145 Answer: |
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1146 |
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1147 Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes |
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1148 in Gnus Country :-). It's a three step process: First we |
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1149 make faces (specifications of how summary-line shall look |
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1150 like) for those postings, then we'll give them some |
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1151 special score and finally we'll tell Gnus to use the new |
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1152 faces. You can find detailed instructions on how to do it on |
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1153 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/Members/dzimmerm/HowTo%2C2002-07-25%2C1027619165012198456/view,my.gnus.org} |
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1154 |
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1155 @ifnottex |
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1156 @node [4.12], [4.13], [4.11], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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1157 @end ifnottex |
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1158 @subsubheading Question 4.12: |
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1159 |
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1160 The number of total messages in a group which Gnus |
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1161 displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in |
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1162 mail groups. Is this a bug? |
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1163 |
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1164 |
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1165 Answer: |
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1166 |
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1167 No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would |
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1168 mean reimplementation of major parts of Gnus' |
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1169 back ends. Gnus thinks "highest-article-number - |
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1170 lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles". This |
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1171 works OK for Usenet groups, but if you delete and move |
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1172 many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the |
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1173 symptom, enter the group via @samp{C-u RET} |
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1174 (this makes Gnus get all messages), then |
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1175 hit @samp{M P b} to mark all messages and |
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1176 then say @samp{B m name.of.group} to move |
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1177 all messages to the group they have been in before, they |
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1178 get new message numbers in this process and the count is |
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1179 right again (until you delete and move your mail to other |
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1180 groups again). |
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1181 |
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1182 @ifnottex |
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1183 @node [4.13], [4.14], [4.12], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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1184 @end ifnottex |
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1185 @subsubheading Question 4.13: |
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1186 |
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1187 I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how |
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1188 to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display? |
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1189 |
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1190 |
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1191 Answer: |
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1192 |
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1193 You can control the windows configuration by calling the |
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1194 function gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit |
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1195 complicated but explained very well in the manual node |
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1196 "Window Layout". Some popular examples: |
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1197 |
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1198 |
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1199 Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65% |
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1200 article (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining |
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1201 space"): |
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1202 |
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1203 |
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1204 @example |
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1205 (gnus-add-configuration |
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1206 '(article (vertical 1.0 |
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1207 (summary .35 point) |
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1208 (article 1.0)))) |
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1209 @end example |
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1210 |
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1211 |
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1212 A three pane layout, Group buffer on the left, summary |
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1213 buffer top-right, article buffer bottom-right: |
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1214 |
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1215 |
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1216 @example |
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1217 (gnus-add-configuration |
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1218 '(article |
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1219 (horizontal 1.0 |
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1220 (vertical 25 |
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1221 (group 1.0)) |
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1222 (vertical 1.0 |
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1223 (summary 0.25 point) |
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1224 (article 1.0))))) |
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1225 (gnus-add-configuration |
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1226 '(summary |
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1227 (horizontal 1.0 |
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1228 (vertical 25 |
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1229 (group 1.0)) |
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1230 (vertical 1.0 |
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1231 (summary 1.0 point))))) |
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1232 @end example |
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1233 |
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1234 @ifnottex |
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1235 @node [4.14], [4.15], [4.13], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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1236 @end ifnottex |
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1237 @subsubheading Question 4.14: |
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1238 |
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1239 I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it? |
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1240 |
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1241 |
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1242 Answer: |
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1243 |
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1244 You've got to play around with the variable |
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1245 gnus-summary-line-format. It's value is a string of |
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1246 symbols which stand for things like author, date, subject |
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1247 etc. A list of the available specifiers can be found in the |
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1248 manual node "Summary Buffer Lines" and the often forgotten |
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1249 node "Formatting Variables" and it's sub-nodes. There |
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1250 you'll find useful things like positioning the cursor and |
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1251 tabulators which allow you a summary in table form, but |
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1252 sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8. |
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1253 |
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1254 |
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1255 Since 5.10, Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers, |
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1256 e.g. %B which draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which |
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1257 gives you a date where the details are dependent of the |
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1258 articles age. Here's an example which uses both: |
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1259 |
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1260 |
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1261 @example |
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1262 (setq gnus-summary-line-format |
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1263 ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date; \n") |
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1264 @end example |
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1265 |
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1266 @noindent |
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1267 resulting in: |
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1268 |
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1269 |
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1270 @smallexample |
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1271 :O Re: [Richard Stallman] rfc2047.el | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:06 |
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1272 :O Re: Revival of the ding-patches list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:12 |
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1273 :R > Re: Find correct list of articles for a gro| 25 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:16 |
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1274 :O \-> ... | 21 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:01 |
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1275 :R > Re: Cry for help: deuglify.el - moving stuf| 28 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:34 |
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1276 :O \-> ... | 115 |Raymond Scholz | 1:24 |
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1277 :O \-> ... | 19 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |15:33 |
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1278 :O Slow mailing list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:49 |
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1279 :O Re: `@@' mark not documented | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:50 |
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1280 :R > Re: Gnus still doesn't count messages prope| 23 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:57 |
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1281 :O \-> ... | 18 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:35 |
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1282 :O \-> ... | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt | 0:56 |
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1283 @end smallexample |
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1284 |
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1285 @ifnottex |
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1286 @node [4.15], , [4.14], FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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1287 @end ifnottex |
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1288 @subsubheading Question 4.15: |
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1289 |
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1290 How to split incoming mails in several groups? |
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1291 |
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1292 |
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1293 Answer: |
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1294 |
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1295 Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy |
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1296 nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail |
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1297 Splitting. I'll only talk about the first one, refer to |
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1298 the manual, node "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter. |
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1299 |
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1300 |
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1301 The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element |
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1302 is a list which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has |
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1303 the form "group where matching articles should go to", |
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1304 "regular expression which has to be matched", the first |
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1305 rule which matches wins. The last rule must always be a |
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1306 general rule (regular expression .*) which denotes where |
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1307 articles should go which don't match any other rule. If |
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1308 the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon |
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1309 as an article lands there. By default the mail will be |
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1310 send to all groups whose rules match. If you |
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1311 don't want that (you probably don't want), say |
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1312 |
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1313 |
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1314 @example |
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1315 (setq nnmail-crosspost nil) |
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1316 @end example |
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1317 |
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1318 @noindent |
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1319 in ~/.gnus. |
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1320 |
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1321 |
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1322 An example might be better than thousand words, so here's |
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1323 my nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a |
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1324 special group and that the default group is spam, since I |
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1325 filter all mails out which are from some list I'm |
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1326 subscribed to or which are addressed directly to me |
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1327 before. Those rules kill about 80% of the Spam which |
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1328 reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent spammers |
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1329 from using them): |
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1330 |
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1331 |
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1332 @example |
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1333 (setq nnmail-split-methods |
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1334 '(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate") |
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1335 ("XEmacs-NT" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@xemacs.bla.*") |
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1336 ("Gnus-Tut" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@socha.bla.*") |
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1337 ("tcsh" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@mx.gw.bla.*") |
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1338 ("BAfH" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@.*uni-muenchen.bla.*") |
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1339 ("Hamster-src" |
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1340 "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*hamster-sourcen@@yahoogroups.\\(de\\|com\\).*") |
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1341 ("Tagesschau" "^From: tagesschau <localpart@@www.tagesschau.bla>$") |
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1342 ("Replies" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@Frank-Schmitt.bla.*") |
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1343 ("EK" |
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1344 "^From:.*\\(localpart@@privateprovider.bla\\|localpart@@workplace.bla\\).*") |
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1345 ("Spam" |
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1346 "^Content-Type:.*\\(ks_c_5601-1987\\|EUC-KR\\|big5\\|iso-2022-jp\\).*") |
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1347 ("Spam" |
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1348 "^Subject:.*\\(This really work\\|XINGA\\|ADV:\\|XXX\\|adult\\|sex\\).*") |
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1349 ("Spam" |
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1350 "^Subject:.*\\(\=\?ks_c_5601-1987\?\\|\=\?euc-kr\?\\|\=\?big5\?\\).*") |
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1351 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*BulkMailer.*\\|.*MIME::Lite.*\\|\\)") |
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1352 ("Spam" |
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1353 "^X-Mailer:\\(.*CyberCreek Avalanche\\|.*http\:\/\/GetResponse\.com\\)") |
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1354 ("Spam" |
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1355 "^From:.*\\(verizon\.net\\|prontomail\.com\\|money\\|ConsumerDirect\\).*") |
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1356 ("Spam" "^Delivered-To: GMX delivery to spamtrap@@gmx.bla$") |
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1357 ("Spam" "^Received: from link2buy.com") |
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1358 ("Spam" "^CC: .*azzrael@@t-online.bla") |
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1359 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer-Version: 1.50 BETA") |
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1360 ("Uni" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@uni-koblenz.bla.*") |
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1361 ("Inbox" |
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1362 "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*\\(my\ name\\|address@@one.bla\\|adress@@two.bla\\)") |
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1363 ("Spam" ""))) |
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1364 @end example |
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1365 |
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1366 |
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1367 @ifnottex |
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1368 @node FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 4 - Reading messages, Frequently Asked Questions |
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1369 @end ifnottex |
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1370 @subsection Composing messages |
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1371 |
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1372 @menu |
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1373 * [5.1]:: What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and |
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1374 postings? |
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1375 * [5.2]:: How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages? |
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1376 * [5.3]:: How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...? |
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1377 * [5.4]:: Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the |
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1378 group I post too? |
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1379 * [5.5]:: Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking? |
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1380 * [5.6]:: Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to? |
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1381 * [5.7]:: Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember all |
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1382 those email addresses? |
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1383 * [5.8]:: Sometimes I see little images at the top of article buffer. |
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1384 What's that and how can I send one with my postings, too? |
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1385 * [5.9]:: Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in newsgroups. |
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1386 Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in newsgroups? |
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1387 * [5.10]:: How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header? |
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1388 * [5.11]:: I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and news, |
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1389 how to do it? |
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1390 * [5.12]:: People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, |
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1391 why aren't they and how to fix it? |
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1392 @end menu |
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1393 |
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1394 @ifnottex |
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1395 @node [5.1], [5.2], FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1396 @end ifnottex |
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1397 @subsubheading Question 5.1: |
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1398 |
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1399 What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and postings? |
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1400 |
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1401 |
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1402 Answer: |
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1403 |
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1404 To start composing a new mail hit @samp{m} |
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1405 either in Group or Summary buffer, for a posting, it's |
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1406 either @samp{a} in Group buffer and |
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1407 filling the Newsgroups header manually |
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1408 or @samp{a} in the Summary buffer of the |
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1409 group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail |
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1410 is |
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1411 @samp{r} if you don't want to cite the |
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1412 author, or import the cited text manually and |
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1413 @samp{R} to cite the text of the original |
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1414 message. For a follow up to a newsgroup, it's |
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1415 @samp{f} and @samp{F} |
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1416 (analog to @samp{r} and |
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1417 @samp{R}. |
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1418 |
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1419 |
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1420 Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows |
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1421 this line--", enter the text below the line. When ready |
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1422 hit @samp{C-c C-c}, to send the message, |
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1423 if you want to finish it later hit @samp{C-c |
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1424 C-d} to save it in the drafts group, where you |
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1425 can start editing it again by saying @samp{D |
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1426 e}. |
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1427 |
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1428 @ifnottex |
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1429 @node [5.2], [5.3], [5.1], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1430 @end ifnottex |
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1431 @subsubheading Question 5.2: |
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1432 |
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1433 How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages? |
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1434 |
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1435 |
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1436 Answer: |
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1437 |
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1438 Say |
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1439 |
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1440 |
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1441 @example |
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1442 (add-hook 'message-mode-hook |
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1443 (lambda () |
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1444 (setq fill-column 72) |
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1445 (turn-on-auto-fill))) |
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1446 @end example |
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1447 |
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1448 @noindent |
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1449 in ~/.gnus. You can reformat a paragraph by hitting |
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1450 @samp{M-q} (as usual) |
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1451 |
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1452 @ifnottex |
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1453 @node [5.3], [5.4], [5.2], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1454 @end ifnottex |
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1455 @subsubheading Question 5.3: |
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1456 |
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1457 How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...? |
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1458 |
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1459 |
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1460 Answer: |
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1461 |
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1462 There are other ways, but you should use posting styles |
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1463 for this. (See below why). |
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1464 This example should make the syntax clear: |
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1465 |
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1466 |
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1467 @example |
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1468 (setq gnus-posting-styles |
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1469 '((".*" |
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1470 (name "Frank Schmitt") |
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1471 (address "me@@there.bla") |
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1472 (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi") |
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1473 (signature-file "~/.signature") |
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1474 ("X-SampleHeader" "foobar") |
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1475 (eval (setq some-variable "Foo bar"))))) |
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1476 @end example |
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1477 |
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1478 @noindent |
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1479 The ".*" means that this settings are the default ones |
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1480 (see below), valid values for the first element of the |
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1481 following lists are signature, signature-file, |
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1482 organization, address, name or body. The attribute name |
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1483 can also be a string. In that case, this will be used as |
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1484 a header name, and the value will be inserted in the |
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1485 headers of the article; if the value is `nil', the header |
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1486 name will be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)), |
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1487 then the function foo will be evaluated with argument bar |
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1488 and the result will be thrown away. |
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1489 |
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1490 @ifnottex |
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1491 @node [5.4], [5.5], [5.3], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1492 @end ifnottex |
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1493 @subsubheading Question 5.4: |
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1494 |
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1495 Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group I post too? |
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1496 |
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1497 |
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1498 Answer: |
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1499 |
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1500 That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*" |
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1501 to set the default for all groups. You can use a regexp |
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1502 like "^gmane" and the following settings are only applied |
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1503 to postings you send to the gmane hierarchy, use |
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1504 ".*binaries" instead and they will be applied to postings |
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1505 send to groups containing the string binaries in their |
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1506 name etc. |
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1507 |
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1508 |
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1509 You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function |
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1510 which is evaluated, only if it returns true, the |
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1511 corresponding settings take effect. Two interesting |
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1512 candidates for this are message-news-p which returns t if |
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1513 the current Group is a newsgroup and the corresponding |
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1514 message-mail-p. |
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1515 |
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1516 |
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1517 Note that all forms that match are applied, that means in |
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1518 the example below, when I post to |
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1519 gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general, the settings under |
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1520 ".*" are applied and the settings under message-news-p and |
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1521 those under "^gmane" and those under |
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1522 "^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because |
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1523 of this put general settings at the top and specific ones |
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1524 at the bottom. |
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1525 |
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1526 |
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1527 @example |
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1528 (setq gnus-posting-styles |
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1529 '((".*" ;;default |
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1530 (name "Frank Schmitt") |
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1531 (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi") |
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1532 (signature-file "~/.signature")) |
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1533 ((message-news-p) ;;Usenet news? |
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1534 (address "mySpamTrap@@Frank-Schmitt.bla") |
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1535 ("Reply-To" "hereRealRepliesOnlyPlease@@Frank-Schmitt.bla")) |
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1536 ((message-mail-p) ;;mail? |
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1537 (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.bla")) |
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1538 ("^gmane" ;;this is mail, too in fact |
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1539 (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.net") |
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1540 ("Reply-To" nil)) |
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1541 ("^gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general$" |
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1542 (eval (setq mail-envelope-from "Azzrael@@rz-online.de")) |
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1543 (address "Azzrael@@rz-online.de")))) |
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1544 @end example |
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1545 |
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1546 @ifnottex |
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1547 @node [5.5], [5.6], [5.4], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1548 @end ifnottex |
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1549 @subsubheading Question 5.5: |
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1550 |
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1551 Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking? |
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1552 |
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1553 |
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1554 Answer: |
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1555 |
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1556 You can use ispell.el to spell-check stuff in Emacs. So the first |
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1557 thing to do is to make sure that you've got either |
25829 | 1558 @itemize @bullet |
1559 @item | |
56927
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1560 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/fmg-members/geoff/ispell.html,ispell} |
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1561 or |
25829 | 1562 @item |
56927
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1563 @uref{http://aspell.sourceforge.net/,aspell} |
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1564 @end itemize |
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1565 @noindent |
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1566 installed and in your Path. |
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1567 |
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1568 Then you need |
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1569 @uref{http://www.kdstevens.com/~stevens/ispell-page.html,ispell.el,ispell.el} |
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1570 and for on-the-fly spell-checking |
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1571 @uref{http://www-sop.inria.fr/mimosa/personnel/Manuel.Serrano/flyspell/flyspell.html,flyspell.el,flyspell.el}. |
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1572 Ispell.el is shipped with Gnus Emacs and available through the Emacs |
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1573 package system, flyspell.el is shipped with Emacs and part of XEmacs |
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1574 text-modes package which is available through the package system, so |
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1575 there should be no need to install them manually. |
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1576 |
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1577 |
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1578 Ispell.el assumes you use ispell, if you choose aspell say |
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1579 |
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1580 |
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1581 @example |
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1582 (setq ispell-program-name "aspell") |
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1583 @end example |
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1584 |
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1585 |
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1586 @noindent |
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1587 in your Emacs configuration file. |
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1588 |
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1589 |
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1590 If you want your outgoing messages to be spell-checked, say |
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1591 |
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1592 |
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1593 @example |
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1594 (add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message) |
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1595 @end example |
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1596 |
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1597 @noindent |
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1598 In your ~/.gnus, if you prefer on-the-fly spell-checking say |
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1599 |
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1600 |
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1601 @example |
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1602 (add-hook 'message-mode-hook (lambda () (flyspell-mode 1))) |
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1603 @end example |
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1604 |
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1605 @ifnottex |
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1606 @node [5.6], [5.7], [5.5], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1607 @end ifnottex |
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1608 @subsubheading Question 5.6: |
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1609 |
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1610 Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to? |
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1611 |
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1612 |
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1613 Answer: |
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1614 |
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1615 Yes, say something like |
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1616 |
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1617 |
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1618 @example |
25829 | 1619 (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook |
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1620 (lambda () |
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1621 (cond |
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1622 ((string-match |
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1623 "^de\\." (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name)) |
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1624 (ispell-change-dictionary "deutsch8")) |
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1625 (t |
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1626 (ispell-change-dictionary "english"))))) |
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1627 @end example |
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1628 |
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1629 |
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1630 @noindent |
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1631 in ~/.gnus. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something |
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1632 that suits your needs. |
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1633 |
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1634 @ifnottex |
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1635 @node [5.7], [5.8], [5.6], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1636 @end ifnottex |
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1637 @subsubheading Question 5.7: |
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1638 |
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1639 Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember |
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1640 all those email addresses? |
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1641 |
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1642 |
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1643 Answer: |
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1644 |
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1645 There's an very basic solution for this, mail aliases. |
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1646 You can store your mail addresses in a ~/.mailrc file using a simple |
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1647 alias syntax: |
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1648 |
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1649 |
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1650 @example |
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1651 alias al "Al <al@@english-heritage.bla>" |
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1652 @end example |
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1653 |
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1654 @noindent |
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1655 Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation |
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1656 character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will |
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1657 cause Gnus to insert the full address for you. See the |
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1658 node "Mail Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for |
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1659 details. |
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1660 |
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1661 |
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1662 However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother |
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1663 Database bbdb. Get it through the XEmacs package system or from |
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1664 @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/,bbdb's homepage}. |
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1665 Now place the following in ~/.gnus, to activate bbdb for Gnus: |
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1666 |
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1667 |
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1668 @example |
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1669 (require 'bbdb) |
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1670 (bbdb-initialize 'gnus 'message) |
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1671 @end example |
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1672 |
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1673 @noindent |
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1674 Now you probably want some general bbdb configuration, |
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1675 place them in ~/.emacs: |
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1676 |
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1677 |
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1678 @example |
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1679 (require 'bbdb) |
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1680 ;;If you don't live in Northern America, you should disable the |
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1681 ;;syntax check for telephone numbers by saying |
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1682 (setq bbdb-north-american-phone-numbers-p nil) |
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1683 ;;Tell bbdb about your email address: |
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1684 (setq bbdb-user-mail-names |
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1685 (regexp-opt '("Your.Email@@here.bla" |
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1686 "Your.other@@mail.there.bla"))) |
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1687 ;;cycling while completing email addresses |
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1688 (setq bbdb-complete-name-allow-cycling t) |
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1689 ;;No popup-buffers |
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1690 (setq bbdb-use-pop-up nil) |
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1691 @end example |
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1692 |
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1693 @noindent |
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1694 Now you should be ready to go. Say @samp{M-x bbdb RET |
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1695 RET} to open a bbdb buffer showing all |
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1696 entries. Say @samp{c} to create a new |
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1697 entry, @samp{b} to search your BBDB and |
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1698 @samp{C-o} to add a new field to an |
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1699 entry. If you want to add a sender to the BBDB you can |
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1700 also just hit `:' on the posting in the summary buffer and |
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1701 you are done. When you now compose a new mail, |
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1702 hit @samp{TAB} to cycle through know |
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1703 recipients. |
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1704 |
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1705 @ifnottex |
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1706 @node [5.8], [5.9], [5.7], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1707 @end ifnottex |
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1708 @subsubheading Question 5.8: |
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1709 |
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1710 Sometimes I see little images at the top of article |
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1711 buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my |
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1712 postings, too? |
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1713 |
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1714 |
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1715 Answer: |
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1716 |
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1717 Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w |
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1718 pictures, encoded in a header line. If you want to include |
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1719 one in your posts, you've got to convert some image to a |
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1720 X-Face. So fire up some image manipulation program (say |
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1721 Gimp), open the image you want to include, cut out the |
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1722 relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit, resize to |
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1723 48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface |
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1724 package from |
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1725 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/,this site}. |
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1726 and create the actual X-face by saying |
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1727 |
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1728 |
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1729 @example |
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1730 cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon |compface > file.face |
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1731 cat ./file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g' | sed 's/\"/\\\"/g' > ./file.face.quoted |
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1732 @end example |
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1733 |
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1734 @noindent |
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1735 If you can't use compface, there's an online X-face converter at@* |
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1736 @uref{http://www.dairiki.org/xface/}. If you use MS Windows, you |
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1737 could also use the WinFace program from |
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1738 @uref{http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/}. |
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1739 |
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1740 Now you only have to tell Gnus to include the X-face in your postings |
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1741 by saying |
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1742 |
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1743 @example |
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1744 (setq message-default-headers |
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1745 (with-temp-buffer |
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1746 (insert "X-Face: ") |
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1747 (insert-file-contents "~/.xemacs/xface") |
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1748 (buffer-string))) |
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1749 @end example |
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1750 |
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1751 @noindent |
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1752 in ~/.gnus. |
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1753 |
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1754 @ifnottex |
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1755 @node [5.9], [5.10], [5.8], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1756 @end ifnottex |
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1757 @subsubheading Question 5.9: |
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1758 |
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1759 Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in |
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1760 newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in |
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1761 newsgroups? |
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1762 |
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1763 |
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1764 Answer: |
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1765 |
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1766 Put this in ~/.gnus: |
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1767 |
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1768 |
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1769 @example |
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1770 (setq gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news t) |
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1771 @end example |
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1772 |
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1773 @noindent |
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1774 if you already use Gnus 5.10, if you still use 5.8.8 or |
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1775 5.9 try this instead: |
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1776 |
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1777 |
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1778 @example |
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1779 (eval-after-load "gnus-msg" |
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1780 '(unless (boundp 'gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news) |
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1781 (defadvice gnus-summary-reply (around reply-in-news activate) |
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1782 "Request confirmation when replying to news." |
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1783 (interactive) |
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1784 (when (or (not (gnus-news-group-p gnus-newsgroup-name)) |
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1785 (y-or-n-p "Really reply by mail to article author? ")) |
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1786 ad-do-it)))) |
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1787 @end example |
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1788 |
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1789 @ifnottex |
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1790 @node [5.10], [5.11], [5.9], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1791 @end ifnottex |
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1792 @subsubheading Question 5.10: |
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1793 |
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1794 How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header? |
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1795 |
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1796 |
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1797 Answer: |
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1798 |
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1799 Since 5.10 Gnus doesn't generate a sender header by |
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1800 default. For older Gnus' try this in ~/.gnus: |
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1801 |
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1802 |
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1803 @example |
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1804 (eval-after-load "message" |
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1805 '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))) |
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1806 @end example |
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1807 |
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1808 |
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1809 @ifnottex |
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1810 @node [5.11], [5.12], [5.10], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1811 @end ifnottex |
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1812 @subsubheading Question 5.11: |
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1813 |
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1814 I want gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and |
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1815 news, how to do it? |
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1816 |
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1817 |
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1818 Answer: |
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1819 |
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1820 You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do |
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1821 this. You can set it to a string giving the name of the |
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1822 group where the copies shall go or like in the example |
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1823 below use a function which is evaluated and which returns |
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1824 the group to use. |
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1825 |
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1826 |
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1827 @example |
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1828 (setq gnus-message-archive-group |
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1829 '((if (message-news-p) |
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1830 "nnml:Send-News" |
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1831 "nnml:Send-Mail"))) |
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1832 @end example |
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1833 |
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1834 |
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1835 @ifnottex |
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1836 @node [5.12], , [5.11], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1837 @end ifnottex |
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1838 @subsubheading Question 5.12: |
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1839 |
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1840 People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why |
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1841 aren't they and how to fix it? |
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1842 |
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1843 |
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1844 Answer: |
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1845 |
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1846 The message-ID is an unique identifier for messages you |
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1847 send. To make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine |
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1848 name to put after the "@@". If the name of the machine |
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1849 where Gnus is running isn't suitable (it probably isn't |
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1850 at most private machines) you can tell Gnus what to use |
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1851 by saying |
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1852 @example |
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1853 (setq message-user-fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld") |
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1854 @end example |
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1855 @noindent |
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1856 in ~/.gnus. If you use Gnus 5.9 or ealier, you can use this |
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1857 instead (works for newer versions a well): |
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1858 @example |
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1859 (eval-after-load "message" |
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1860 '(let ((fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld"));; <-- Edit this! |
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1861 (if (boundp 'message-user-fqdn) |
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1862 (setq message-user-fqdn fqdn) |
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1863 (gnus-message 1 "Redefining `message-make-fqdn'.") |
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1864 (defun message-make-fqdn () |
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1865 "Return user's fully qualified domain name." |
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1866 fqdn)))) |
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1867 @end example |
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1868 |
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1869 If you have no idea what to insert for |
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1870 "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several |
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1871 choices. You can either ask your provider if he allows |
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1872 you to use something like |
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1873 yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use |
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1874 somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain |
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1875 yourdomain.tld, or you can register at a service which |
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1876 gives private users a FQDN for free, e.g. |
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1877 @uref{http://www.stura.tu-freiberg.de/~dlx/addfqdn.html}. |
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1878 (Sorry but this website is in German, if you know of an |
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1879 English one offering the same, drop me a note). |
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1880 |
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1881 |
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1882 Finally you can tell Gnus not to generate a Message-ID |
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1883 for News at all (and letting the server do the job) by saying |
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1884 |
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1885 |
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1886 @example |
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1887 (setq message-required-news-headers |
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1888 (remove' Message-ID message-required-news-headers)) |
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1889 @end example |
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1890 |
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1891 @noindent |
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1892 you can also tell Gnus not to generate Message-IDs for mail by saying |
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1893 |
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1894 |
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1895 @example |
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1896 (setq message-required-mail-headers |
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1897 (remove' Message-ID message-required-mail-headers)) |
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1898 @end example |
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1899 |
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1900 @noindent |
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1901 , however some mail servers don't generate proper |
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1902 Message-IDs, too, so test if your Mail Server behaves |
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1903 correctly by sending yourself a Mail and looking at the Message-ID. |
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1904 |
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1905 |
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1906 @ifnottex |
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1907 @node FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 5 - Composing messages, Frequently Asked Questions |
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1908 @end ifnottex |
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1909 @subsection Old messages |
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1910 |
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1911 @menu |
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1912 * [6.1]:: How to import my old mail into Gnus? |
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1913 * [6.2]:: How to archive interesting messages? |
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1914 * [6.3]:: How to search for a specific message? |
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1915 * [6.4]:: How to get rid of old unwanted mail? |
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1916 * [6.5]:: I want that all read messages are expired (at least in some |
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1917 groups). How to do it? |
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1918 * [6.6]:: I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them |
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1919 to another group. |
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1920 @end menu |
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1921 |
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1922 @ifnottex |
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1923 @node [6.1], [6.2], FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 6 - Old messages |
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1924 @end ifnottex |
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1925 @subsubheading Question 6.1: |
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1926 |
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1927 How to import my old mail into Gnus? |
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1928 |
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1929 |
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1930 Answer: |
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1931 |
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1932 The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to |
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1933 export the messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers |
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1934 are able to do this, if you come from the MS Windows |
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1935 world, you may find tools at |
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1936 @uref{http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/}. |
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1937 |
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1938 |
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1939 Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do |
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1940 this, create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by |
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1941 saying @samp{G f /path/file.mbox RET} in |
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1942 Group buffer. You now have read-only access to your |
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1943 mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal |
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1944 Gnus mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've |
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1945 just created by saying @samp{C-u RET} |
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1946 (thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark all |
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1947 messages by saying @samp{M P b} and |
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1948 either copy them to the desired group by saying |
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1949 @samp{B c name.of.group RET} or send them |
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1950 through nnmail-split-methods (respool them) by saying |
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1951 @samp{B r}. |
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1952 |
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1953 @ifnottex |
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1954 @node [6.2], [6.3], [6.1], FAQ 6 - Old messages |
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1955 @end ifnottex |
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1956 @subsubheading Question 6.2: |
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1957 |
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1958 How to archive interesting messages? |
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1959 |
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1960 |
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1961 Answer: |
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1962 |
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1963 If you stumble across an interesting message, say in |
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1964 gnu.emacs.gnus and want to archive it there are several |
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1965 solutions. The first and easiest is to save it to a file |
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1966 by saying @samp{O f}. However, wouldn't |
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1967 it be much more convenient to have more direct access to |
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1968 the archived message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this |
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1969 snippet by Frank Haun <pille3003@@fhaun.de> in |
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1970 ~/.gnus: |
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1971 |
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1972 |
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1973 @example |
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1974 (defun my-archive-article (&optional n) |
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1975 "Copies one or more article(s) to a corresponding `nnml:' group, e.g. |
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1976 `gnus.ding' goes to `nnml:1.gnus.ding'. And `nnml:List-gnus.ding' goes |
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1977 to `nnml:1.List-gnus-ding'. |
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1978 |
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1979 Use process marks or mark a region in the summary buffer to archive |
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1980 more then one article." |
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1981 (interactive "P") |
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1982 (let ((archive-name |
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1983 (format |
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1984 "nnml:1.%s" |
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1985 (if (featurep 'xemacs) |
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1986 (replace-in-string gnus-newsgroup-name "^.*:" "") |
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1987 (replace-regexp-in-string "^.*:" "" gnus-newsgroup-name))))) |
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1988 (gnus-summary-copy-article n archive-name))) |
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1989 @end example |
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1990 |
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1991 @noindent |
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1992 You can now say @samp{M-x |
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1993 my-archive-article} in summary buffer to |
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1994 archive the article under the cursor in a nnml |
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1995 group. (Change nnml to your preferred back end) |
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1996 |
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1997 |
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1998 Of course you can also make sure the cache is enabled by saying |
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1999 |
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2000 |
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2001 @example |
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2002 (setq gnus-use-cache t) |
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2003 @end example |
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2004 |
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2005 @noindent |
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2006 then you only have to set either the tick or the dormant |
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2007 mark for articles you want to keep, setting the read |
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2008 mark will remove them from cache. |
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2009 |
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2010 @ifnottex |
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2011 @node [6.3], [6.4], [6.2], FAQ 6 - Old messages |
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2012 @end ifnottex |
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2013 @subsubheading Question 6.3: |
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2014 |
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2015 How to search for a specific message? |
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2016 |
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2017 |
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2018 Answer: |
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2019 |
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2020 There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from |
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2021 a Usenet group the easiest solution is probably to ask |
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2022 @uref{http://groups.google.com,groups.google.com}, |
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2023 if you found the posting there, tell Google to display |
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2024 the raw message, look for the message-id, and say |
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2025 @samp{M-^ the@@message.id RET} in a |
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2026 summary buffer. |
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2027 Since Gnus 5.10 there's also a Gnus interface for |
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2028 groups.google.com which you can call with |
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2029 @samp{G W}) in group buffer. |
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2030 |
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2031 |
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2032 Another idea which works for both mail and news groups |
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2033 is to enter the group where the message you are |
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2034 searching is and use the standard Emacs search |
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2035 @samp{C-s}, it's smart enough to look at |
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2036 articles in collapsed threads, too. If you want to |
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2037 search bodies, too try @samp{M-s} |
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2038 instead. Further on there are the |
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2039 gnus-summary-limit-to-foo functions, which can help you, |
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2040 too. |
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2041 |
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2042 |
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2043 Of course you can also use grep to search through your |
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2044 local mail, but this is both slow for big archives and |
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2045 inconvenient since you are not displaying the found mail |
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2046 in Gnus. Here comes nnir into action. Nnir is a front end |
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2047 to search engines like swish-e or swish++ and |
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2048 others. You index your mail with one of those search |
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2049 engines and with the help of nnir you can search trough |
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2050 the indexed mail and generate a temporary group with all |
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2051 messages which met your search criteria. If this sound |
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2052 cool to you get nnir.el from the contrib directory of the Gnus |
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2053 distribution or |
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2054 @uref{http://quimby.gnus.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/~checkout~/gnus/contrib/nnir.el?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain} |
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2055 Instructions on how to use it are at the top of the file. |
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2056 |
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2057 @ifnottex |
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2058 @node [6.4], [6.5], [6.3], FAQ 6 - Old messages |
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2059 @end ifnottex |
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2060 @subsubheading Question 6.4: |
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2061 |
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2062 How to get rid of old unwanted mail? |
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2063 |
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2064 |
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2065 Answer: |
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2066 |
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2067 You can of course just mark the mail you don't need |
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2068 anymore by saying @samp{#} with point |
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2069 over the mail and then say @samp{B DEL} |
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2070 to get rid of them forever. You could also instead of |
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2071 actually deleting them, send them to a junk-group by |
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2072 saying @samp{B m nnml:trash-bin} which |
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2073 you clear from time to time, but both are not the intended |
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2074 way in Gnus. |
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2075 |
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2076 |
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2077 In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news |
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2078 server. That means you tell Gnus the message is |
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2079 expirable (you tell Gnus "I don't need this mail |
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2080 anymore") by saying @samp{E} with point |
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2081 over the mail in summary buffer. Now when you leave the |
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2082 group, Gnus looks at all messages which you marked as |
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2083 expirable before and if they are old enough (default is |
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2084 older than a week) they are deleted. |
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2085 |
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2086 @ifnottex |
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2087 @node [6.5], [6.6], [6.4], FAQ 6 - Old messages |
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2088 @end ifnottex |
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2089 @subsubheading Question 6.5: |
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2090 |
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2091 I want that all read messages are expired (at least in |
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2092 some groups). How to do it? |
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2093 |
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2094 |
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2095 Answer: |
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2096 |
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2097 If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g. in |
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2098 mailing lists where there's an online archive), you've |
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2099 got two choices: auto-expire and |
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2100 total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article |
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2101 which has no marks set and is selected for reading is |
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2102 marked as expirable, Gnus hits @samp{E} |
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2103 for you every time you read a message. Total-expire |
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2104 follows a slightly different approach, here all article |
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2105 where the read mark is set are expirable. |
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2106 |
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2107 |
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2108 To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the |
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2109 Group parameters for the group. (Hit @samp{G |
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2110 c} in summary buffer with point over the |
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2111 group to change group parameters). For total-expire add |
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2112 total-expire to the group-parameters. |
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2113 |
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2114 |
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2115 Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste: |
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2116 Auto-expire is faster, but it doesn't play together with |
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2117 Adaptive Scoring, so if you want to use this feature, |
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2118 you should use total-expire. |
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2119 |
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2120 |
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2121 If you want a message to be excluded from expiration in |
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2122 a group where total or auto expire is active, set either |
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2123 tick (hit @samp{u}) or dormant mark (hit |
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2124 @samp{u}), when you use auto-expire, you |
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2125 can also set the read mark (hit |
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2126 @samp{d}). |
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2127 |
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2128 @ifnottex |
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2129 @node [6.6], , [6.5], FAQ 6 - Old messages |
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2130 @end ifnottex |
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2131 @subsubheading Question 6.6: |
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2132 |
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2133 I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them |
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2134 to another group. |
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2135 |
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2136 |
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2137 Answer: |
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2138 |
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2139 Say something like this in ~/.gnus: |
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2140 |
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2141 |
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2142 @example |
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2143 (setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired") |
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2144 @end example |
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2145 |
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2146 @noindent |
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2147 (If you want to change the value of nnmail-expiry-target |
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2148 on a per group basis see the question "How can I disable |
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2149 threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set other |
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2150 variables specific for some groups?") |
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2151 |
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2152 |
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2153 @ifnottex |
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2154 @node FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 6 - Old messages, Frequently Asked Questions |
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2155 @end ifnottex |
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2156 @subsection Gnus in a dial-up environment |
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2157 |
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2158 @menu |
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2159 * [7.1]:: I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I |
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2160 minimize the time I've got to be connected? |
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2161 * [7.2]:: So what was this thing about the Agent? |
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2162 * [7.3]:: I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it? |
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2163 * [7.4]:: How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings while |
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2164 I'm offline? |
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2165 @end menu |
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2166 |
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2167 |
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2168 @ifnottex |
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2169 @node [7.1], [7.2], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment |
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2170 @end ifnottex |
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2171 @subsubheading Question 7.1: |
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2172 |
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2173 I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can |
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2174 I minimize the time I've got to be connected? |
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2175 |
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2176 |
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2177 Answer: |
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2178 |
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2179 You've got basically two options: Either you use the |
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2180 Gnus Agent (see below) for this, or you can install |
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2181 programs which fetch your news and mail to your local |
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2182 disk and Gnus reads the stuff from your local |
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2183 machine. |
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2184 |
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2185 |
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2186 If you want to follow the second approach, you need a |
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2187 program which fetches news and offers them to Gnus, a |
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2188 program which does the same for mail and a program which |
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2189 receives the mail you write from Gnus and sends them |
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2190 when you're online. |
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2191 |
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2192 |
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2193 Let's talk about Unix systems first: For the news part, the easiest |
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2194 solution is a small nntp server like |
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2195 @uref{http://www.leafnode.org/,Leafnode} or |
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2196 @uref{http://infa.abo.fi/~patrik/sn/,sn}, of course you can also |
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2197 install a full featured news server like |
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2198 @uref{http://www.isc.org/products/INN/,inn}. |
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2199 |
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2200 Then you want to fetch your Mail, popular choices are |
25829 | 2201 @itemize @bullet |
2202 @item | |
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2203 @uref{http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/,fetchmail} and |
25829 | 2204 @item |
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2205 @uref{http://www.qcc.ca/~charlesc/software/getmail-3.0/,getmail}. |
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2206 @end itemize |
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2207 You should tell those to write the mail to your disk and Gnus to read |
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2208 it from there. Last but not least the mail sending part: This can be |
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2209 done with every MTA like @uref{http://www.sendmail.org/,sendmail}, |
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2210 @uref{http://www.qmail.org/,postfix}, @uref{http://www.exim.org/,exim} |
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2211 or @uref{http://www.qmail.org/,qmail}. |
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2212 |
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2213 |
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2214 On windows boxes I'd vote for |
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2215 @uref{http://www.tglsoft.de/,Hamster}, |
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2216 it's a small freeware, open-source program which fetches |
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2217 your mail and news from remote servers and offers them |
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2218 to Gnus (or any other mail and/or news reader) via nntp |
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2219 respectively POP3 or IMAP. It also includes a smtp |
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2220 server for receiving mails from Gnus. |
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2221 |
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2222 @ifnottex |
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2223 @node [7.2], [7.3], [7.1], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment |
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2224 @end ifnottex |
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2225 @subsubheading Question 7.2: |
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2226 |
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2227 So what was this thing about the Agent? |
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2228 |
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2229 |
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2230 Answer: |
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2231 |
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2232 The Gnus agent is part of Gnus, it allows you to fetch |
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2233 mail and news and store them on disk for reading them |
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2234 later when you're offline. It kind of mimics offline |
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2235 newsreaders like e.g. Forte Agent. If you want to use |
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2236 the Agent place the following in ~/.gnus if you are |
57224
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2237 still using 5.8.8 or 5.9 (it's the default since 5.10): |
56927
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2238 |
25829 | 2239 |
2240 @example | |
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2241 (setq gnus-agent t) |
25829 | 2242 @end example |
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2243 |
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2244 |
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2245 Now you've got to select the servers whose groups can be |
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2246 stored locally. To do this, open the server buffer |
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2247 (that is press @samp{^} while in the |
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2248 group buffer). Now select a server by moving point to |
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2249 the line naming that server. Finally, agentize the |
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2250 server by typing @samp{J a}. If you |
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2251 make a mistake, or change your mind, you can undo this |
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2252 action by typing @samp{J r}. When |
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2253 you're done, type 'q' to return to the group buffer. |
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2254 Now the next time you enter a group on a agentized |
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2255 server, the headers will be stored on disk and read from |
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2256 there the next time you enter the group. |
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2257 |
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2258 @ifnottex |
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2259 @node [7.3], [7.4], [7.2], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment |
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2260 @end ifnottex |
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2261 @subsubheading Question 7.3: |
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2262 |
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2263 I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it? |
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2264 |
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2265 |
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2266 Answer: |
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2267 |
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2268 You can tell the agent to automatically fetch the bodies |
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2269 of articles which fulfill certain predicates, this is |
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2270 done in a special buffer which can be reached by |
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2271 saying @samp{J c} in group |
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2272 buffer. Please refer to the documentation for |
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2273 information which predicates are possible and how |
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2274 exactly to do it. |
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2275 |
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2276 |
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2277 Further on you can tell the agent manually which |
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2278 articles to store on disk. There are two ways to do |
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2279 this: Number one: In the summary buffer, process mark a |
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2280 set of articles that shall be stored in the agent by |
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2281 saying @samp{#} with point over the |
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2282 article and then type @samp{J s}. The |
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2283 other possibility is to set, again in the summary |
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2284 buffer, downloadable (%) marks for the articles you |
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2285 want by typing @samp{@@} with point over |
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2286 the article and then typing @samp{J u}. |
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2287 What's the difference? Well, process marks are erased as |
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2288 soon as you exit the summary buffer while downloadable |
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2289 marks are permanent. You can actually set downloadable |
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2290 marks in several groups then use fetch session ('J s' in |
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2291 the GROUP buffer) to fetch all of those articles. The |
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2292 only downside is that fetch session also fetches all of |
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2293 the headers for every selected group on an agentized |
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2294 server. Depending on the volume of headers, the initial |
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2295 fetch session could take hours. |
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2296 |
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2297 @ifnottex |
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2298 @node [7.4], , [7.3], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment |
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2299 @end ifnottex |
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2300 @subsubheading Question 7.4: |
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2301 |
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2302 How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings |
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2303 while I'm offline? |
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2304 |
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2305 |
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2306 Answer: |
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2307 |
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2308 All you've got to do is to tell Gnus when you are online |
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2309 (plugged) and when you are offline (unplugged), the rest |
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2310 works automatically. You can toggle plugged/unplugged |
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2311 state by saying @samp{J j} in group |
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2312 buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say @samp{M-x |
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2313 gnus-unplugged} instead of |
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2314 @samp{M-x gnus}. Note that for this to |
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2315 work, the agent must be active. |
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2316 |
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2317 |
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2318 @ifnottex |
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2319 @node FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, Frequently Asked Questions |
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2320 @end ifnottex |
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2321 @subsection Getting help |
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2322 |
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2323 @menu |
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2324 * [8.1]:: How to find information and help inside Emacs? |
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2325 * [8.2]:: I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X |
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2326 (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented? |
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2327 * [8.3]:: Which websites should I know? |
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2328 * [8.4]:: Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there? |
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2329 * [8.5]:: Where to report bugs? |
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2330 * [8.6]:: I need real-time help, where to find it? |
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2331 @end menu |
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2332 |
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2333 @ifnottex |
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2334 @node [8.1], [8.2], FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 8 - Getting help |
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2335 @end ifnottex |
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2336 @subsubheading Question 8.1: |
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2337 |
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2338 How to find information and help inside Emacs? |
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2339 |
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2340 |
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2341 Answer: |
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2342 |
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2343 The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say |
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2344 @samp{C-h i d m Gnus RET} to start the |
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2345 Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a |
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2346 full-text search with @samp{s}). Then |
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2347 there are the general Emacs help commands starting with |
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2348 C-h, type @samp{C-h ? ?} to get a list |
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2349 of all available help commands and their meaning. Finally |
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2350 @samp{M-x apropos-command} lets you |
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2351 search through all available functions and @samp{M-x |
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2352 apropos} searches the bound variables. |
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2353 |
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2354 @ifnottex |
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2355 @node [8.2], [8.3], [8.1], FAQ 8 - Getting help |
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2356 @end ifnottex |
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2357 @subsubheading Question 8.2: |
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2358 |
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2359 I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X |
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2360 (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented? |
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2361 |
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2362 |
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2363 Answer: |
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2364 |
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2365 There's not only the Gnus manual but also the manuals |
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2366 for message, emacs-mime, sieve and pgg. Those packages |
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2367 are distributed with Gnus and used by Gnus but aren't |
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2368 really part of core Gnus, so they are documented in |
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2369 different info files, you should have a look in those |
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2370 manuals, too. |
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2371 |
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2372 @ifnottex |
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2373 @node [8.3], [8.4], [8.2], FAQ 8 - Getting help |
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2374 @end ifnottex |
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2375 @subsubheading Question 8.3: |
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2376 |
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2377 Which websites should I know? |
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2378 |
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2379 |
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2380 Answer: |
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2381 |
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2382 The two most important ones are the |
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2383 @uref{http://www.gnus.org,official Gnus website}. |
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2384 and it's sister site |
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2385 @uref{http://my.gnus.org,my.gnus.org (MGO)}, |
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2386 hosting an archive of lisp snippets, howtos, a (not |
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2387 really finished) tutorial and this FAQ. |
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2388 |
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2389 |
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2390 Tell me about other sites which are interesting. |
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2391 |
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2392 @ifnottex |
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2393 @node [8.4], [8.5], [8.3], FAQ 8 - Getting help |
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2394 @end ifnottex |
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2395 @subsubheading Question 8.4: |
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2396 |
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2397 Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there? |
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2398 |
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2399 |
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2400 Answer: |
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2401 |
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2402 There's the newsgroup gnu.emacs.gnus (pull it from |
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2403 e.g. news.gnus.org) which deals with general questions |
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2404 and the ding mailing list (ding@@gnus.org) dealing with |
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2405 development of Gnus. You can read the ding list via |
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2406 NNTP, too under the name gnus.ding from news.gnus.org. |
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2407 |
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2408 |
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2409 If you want to stay in the big8, |
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2410 news.software.newssreaders is also read by some Gnus |
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2411 users (but chances for qualified help are much better in |
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2412 the above groups) and if you speak German, there's |
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2413 de.comm.software.gnus. |
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2414 |
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2415 @ifnottex |
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2416 @node [8.5], [8.6], [8.4], FAQ 8 - Getting help |
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2417 @end ifnottex |
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2418 @subsubheading Question 8.5: |
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2419 |
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2420 Where to report bugs? |
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2421 |
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2422 |
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2423 Answer: |
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2424 |
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2425 Say @samp{M-x gnus-bug}, this will start a message to the |
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2426 @email{bugs@@gnus.org,gnus bug mailing list} including information |
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2427 about your environment which make it easier to help you. |
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2428 |
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2429 @ifnottex |
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2430 @node [8.6], , [8.5], FAQ 8 - Getting help |
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2431 @end ifnottex |
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2432 @subsubheading Question 8.6: |
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2433 |
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2434 I need real-time help, where to find it? |
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2435 |
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2436 |
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2437 Answer: |
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2438 |
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2439 Point your IRC client to irc.my.gnus.org channel |
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2440 #mygnus. Don't be afraid if people there speak German, |
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2441 they are willing and capable of switching to |
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2442 English when people from outside Germany enter. |
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2443 |
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2444 |
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2445 @ifnottex |
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2446 @node FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ - Glossary, FAQ 8 - Getting help, Frequently Asked Questions |
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2447 @end ifnottex |
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2448 @subsection Tuning Gnus |
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2449 |
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2450 @menu |
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2451 * [9.1]:: Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up? |
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2452 * [9.2]:: How to speed up the process of entering a group? |
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2453 * [9.3]:: Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up? |
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2454 @end menu |
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2455 |
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2456 @ifnottex |
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2457 @node [9.1], [9.2], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus |
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2458 @end ifnottex |
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2459 @subsubheading Question 9.1: |
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2460 |
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2461 Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up? |
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2462 |
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2463 |
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2464 Answer: |
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2465 |
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2466 The reason for this could be the way Gnus reads it's |
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2467 active file, see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus |
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2468 manual for things you might try to speed the process up. |
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2469 An other idea would be to byte compile your ~/.gnus (say |
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2470 @samp{M-x byte-compile-file RET ~/.gnus |
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2471 RET} to do it). Finally, if you have require |
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2472 statements in your .gnus, you could replace them with |
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2473 eval-after-load, which loads the stuff not at startup |
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2474 time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your |
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2475 ~/.gnus: |
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2476 |
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2477 |
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2478 @example |
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2479 (require 'message) |
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2480 (add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)) |
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2481 @end example |
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2482 |
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2483 @noindent |
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2484 then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If |
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2485 you replace it with |
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2486 |
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2487 |
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2488 @example |
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2489 (eval-after-load "message" |
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2490 '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))) |
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2491 @end example |
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2492 |
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2493 @noindent |
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2494 it's loaded when it's needed. |
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2495 |
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2496 @ifnottex |
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2497 @node [9.2], [9.3], [9.1], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus |
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2498 @end ifnottex |
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2499 @subsubheading Question 9.2: |
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2500 |
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2501 How to speed up the process of entering a group? |
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2502 |
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2503 |
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2504 Answer: |
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2505 |
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2506 A speed killer is setting the variable |
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2507 gnus-fetch-old-headers to anything different from nil, |
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2508 so don't do this if speed is an issue. To speed up |
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2509 building of summary say |
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2510 |
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2511 |
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2512 @example |
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2513 (gnus-compile) |
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2514 @end example |
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2515 |
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2516 @noindent |
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2517 at the bottom of your ~/.gnus, this will make gnus |
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2518 byte-compile things like |
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2519 gnus-summary-line-format. |
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2520 then you could increase the value of gc-cons-threshold |
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2521 by saying something like |
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2522 |
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2523 |
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2524 @example |
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2525 (setq gc-cons-threshold 3500000) |
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2526 @end example |
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2527 |
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2528 @noindent |
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2529 in ~/.emacs. If you don't care about width of CJK |
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2530 characters or use Gnus 5.10 or younger together with a |
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2531 recent GNU Emacs, you should say |
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2532 |
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2533 |
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2534 @example |
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2535 (setq gnus-use-correct-string-widths nil) |
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2536 @end example |
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2537 |
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2538 |
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2539 @noindent |
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2540 in ~/.gnus (thanks to Jesper harder for the last |
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2541 two suggestions). Finally if you are still using 5.8.8 |
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2542 or 5.9 and experience speed problems with summary |
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2543 buffer generation, you definitely should update to |
57224
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2544 5.10 since there quite some work on improving it has |
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2545 been done. |
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2546 |
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2547 @ifnottex |
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2548 @node [9.3], , [9.2], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus |
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2549 @end ifnottex |
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2550 @subsubheading Question 9.3: |
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2551 |
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2552 Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up? |
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2553 |
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2554 |
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2555 Answer: |
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2556 |
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2557 The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the |
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2558 messages you wrote by setting |
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2559 gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml group |
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2560 instead of an archive group, this should bring you back |
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2561 to normal speed. |
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2562 |
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2563 |
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2564 @ifnottex |
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2565 @node FAQ - Glossary, , FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, Frequently Asked Questions |
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2566 @end ifnottex |
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2567 @subsection Glossary |
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2568 |
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2569 @table @dfn |
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2570 |
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2571 @item ~/.gnus |
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2572 When the term ~/.gnus is used it just means your Gnus |
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2573 configuration file. You might as well call it ~/.gnus.el or |
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2574 specify another name. |
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2575 |
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2576 |
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2577 @item Back End |
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2578 In Gnus terminology a back end is a virtual server, a layer |
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2579 between core Gnus and the real NNTP-, POP3-, IMAP- or |
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2580 whatever-server which offers Gnus a standardized interface |
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2581 to functions like "get message", "get Headers" etc. |
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2582 |
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2583 |
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2584 @item Emacs |
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2585 When the term Emacs is used in this FAQ, it means either GNU |
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2586 Emacs or XEmacs. |
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2587 |
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2588 |
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2589 @item Message |
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2590 In this FAQ message means a either a mail or a posting to a |
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2591 Usenet Newsgroup or to some other fancy back end, no matter |
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2592 of which kind it is. |
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2593 |
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2594 |
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2595 @item MUA |
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2596 MUA is an acronym for Mail User Agent, it's the program you |
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2597 use to read and write e-mails. |
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2598 |
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2599 |
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2600 @item NUA |
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2601 NUA is an acronym for News User Agent, it's the program you |
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2602 use to read and write Usenet news. |
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2603 |
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2604 @end table |
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2605 |
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2606 @c @bye |
25829 | 2607 |
52401 | 2608 @ignore |
2609 arch-tag: 64dc5692-edb4-4848-a965-7aa0181acbb8 | |
2610 @end ignore |