annotate lispref/display.texi @ 22477:9bc88c123895 gcc-2_8_1-980627 gcc-2_8_1-980705 gcc-2_8_1-980718 libc-980614 libc-980615 libc-980616 libc-980617 libc-980618 libc-980619 libc-980620 libc-980621 libc-980622 libc-980623 libc-980624 libc-980625 libc-980626 libc-980627 libc-980628 libc-980629 libc-980630 libc-980701 libc-980702 libc-980703 libc-980704 libc-980705 libc-980706 libc-980707 libc-980708 libc-980709 libc-980710 libc-980711 libc-980712 libc-980713 libc-980714 libc-980715 libc-980716 libc-980717 libc-980718 libc-980719

(sun4H:SunOS:5.*:*): New case.
author Richard Kenner <kenner@gnu.org>
date Sat, 13 Jun 1998 19:51:10 +0000
parents dfac7398266b
children 63f6e25f0cbd
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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @setfilename ../info/display
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6 @node Display, Calendar, Processes, Top
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7 @chapter Emacs Display
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8
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9 This chapter describes a number of features related to the display
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10 that Emacs presents to the user.
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11
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12 @menu
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13 * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
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14 * Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines.
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15 * The Echo Area:: Where messages are displayed.
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16 * Invisible Text:: Hiding part of the buffer text.
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17 * Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text (the old way).
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18 * Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position.
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19 * Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically.
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20 * Overlays:: Use overlays to highlight parts of the buffer.
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21 * Width:: How wide is a character or string.
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22 * Faces:: A face defines a graphics appearance: font, color, etc.
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23 * Blinking:: How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
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24 * Inverse Video:: Specifying how the screen looks.
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25 * Usual Display:: The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars.
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26 * Display Tables:: How to specify other conventions.
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27 * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user.
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28 * Window Systems:: Which window system is being used.
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29 @end menu
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30
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31 @node Refresh Screen
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32 @section Refreshing the Screen
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33
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34 The function @code{redraw-frame} redisplays the entire contents of a
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35 given frame (@pxref{Frames}).
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36
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37 @c Emacs 19 feature
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38 @defun redraw-frame frame
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39 This function clears and redisplays frame @var{frame}.
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40 @end defun
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41
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42 Even more powerful is @code{redraw-display}:
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43
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44 @deffn Command redraw-display
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45 This function clears and redisplays all visible frames.
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46 @end deffn
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47
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48 Processing user input takes absolute priority over redisplay. If you
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49 call these functions when input is available, they do nothing
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50 immediately, but a full redisplay does happen eventually---after all the
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51 input has been processed.
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52
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53 Normally, suspending and resuming Emacs also refreshes the screen.
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54 Some terminal emulators record separate contents for display-oriented
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55 programs such as Emacs and for ordinary sequential display. If you are
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56 using such a terminal, you might want to inhibit the redisplay on
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57 resumption.
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58
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59 @defvar no-redraw-on-reenter
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60 @cindex suspend (cf. @code{no-redraw-on-reenter})
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61 @cindex resume (cf. @code{no-redraw-on-reenter})
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62 This variable controls whether Emacs redraws the entire screen after it
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63 has been suspended and resumed. Non-@code{nil} means there is no need
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64 to redraw, @code{nil} means redrawing is needed. The default is @code{nil}.
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65 @end defvar
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66
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67 @node Truncation
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68 @section Truncation
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69 @cindex line wrapping
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70 @cindex continuation lines
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71 @cindex @samp{$} in display
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72 @cindex @samp{\} in display
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73
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74 When a line of text extends beyond the right edge of a window, the
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75 line can either be continued on the next screen line, or truncated to
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76 one screen line. The additional screen lines used to display a long
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77 text line are called @dfn{continuation} lines. Normally, a @samp{$} in
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78 the rightmost column of the window indicates truncation; a @samp{\} on
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79 the rightmost column indicates a line that ``wraps'' onto the next line,
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80 which is also called @dfn{continuing} the line. (The display table can
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81 specify alternative indicators; see @ref{Display Tables}.)
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82
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83 Note that continuation is different from filling; continuation happens
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84 on the screen only, not in the buffer contents, and it breaks a line
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85 precisely at the right margin, not at a word boundary. @xref{Filling}.
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86
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87 @defopt truncate-lines
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88 This buffer-local variable controls how Emacs displays lines that extend
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89 beyond the right edge of the window. The default is @code{nil}, which
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90 specifies continuation. If the value is non-@code{nil}, then these
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91 lines are truncated.
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92
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93 If the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is non-@code{nil},
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94 then truncation is always used for side-by-side windows (within one
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95 frame) regardless of the value of @code{truncate-lines}.
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96 @end defopt
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97
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98 @defopt default-truncate-lines
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99 This variable is the default value for @code{truncate-lines}, for
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100 buffers that do not have buffer-local values for it.
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101 @end defopt
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102
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103 @defopt truncate-partial-width-windows
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104 This variable controls display of lines that extend beyond the right
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105 edge of the window, in side-by-side windows (@pxref{Splitting Windows}).
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106 If it is non-@code{nil}, these lines are truncated; otherwise,
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107 @code{truncate-lines} says what to do with them.
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108 @end defopt
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109
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110 When horizontal scrolling (@pxref{Horizontal Scrolling}) is in use in
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111 a window, that forces truncation.
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112
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113 You can override the glyphs that indicate continuation or truncation
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114 using the display table; see @ref{Display Tables}.
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115
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116 If your buffer contains @emph{very} long lines, and you use
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117 continuation to display them, just thinking about them can make Emacs
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118 redisplay slow. The column computation and indentation functions also
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119 become slow. Then you might find it advisable to set
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120 @code{cache-long-line-scans} to @code{t}.
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121
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122 @defvar cache-long-line-scans
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123 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, various indentation and motion
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124 functions, and Emacs redisplay, cache the results of scanning the
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125 buffer, and consult the cache to avoid rescanning regions of the buffer
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126 unless they are modified.
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127
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128 Turning on the cache slows down processing of short lines somewhat.
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129
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130 This variable is automatically buffer-local in every buffer.
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131 @end defvar
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132
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133 @node The Echo Area
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134 @section The Echo Area
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135 @cindex error display
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136 @cindex echo area
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137
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138 The @dfn{echo area} is used for displaying messages made with the
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139 @code{message} primitive, and for echoing keystrokes. It is not the
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140 same as the minibuffer, despite the fact that the minibuffer appears
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141 (when active) in the same place on the screen as the echo area. The
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142 @cite{GNU Emacs Manual} specifies the rules for resolving conflicts
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143 between the echo area and the minibuffer for use of that screen space
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144 (@pxref{Minibuffer,, The Minibuffer, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).
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145 Error messages appear in the echo area; see @ref{Errors}.
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146
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147 You can write output in the echo area by using the Lisp printing
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148 functions with @code{t} as the stream (@pxref{Output Functions}), or as
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149 follows:
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150
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151 @defun message string &rest arguments
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152 This function displays a one-line message in the echo area. The
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153 argument @var{string} is similar to a C language @code{printf} control
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154 string. See @code{format} in @ref{String Conversion}, for the details
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155 on the conversion specifications. @code{message} returns the
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156 constructed string.
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157
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158 In batch mode, @code{message} prints the message text on the standard
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159 error stream, followed by a newline.
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160
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161 @c Emacs 19 feature
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162 If @var{string} is @code{nil}, @code{message} clears the echo area. If
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163 the minibuffer is active, this brings the minibuffer contents back onto
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164 the screen immediately.
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165
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166 @example
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167 @group
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168 (message "Minibuffer depth is %d."
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169 (minibuffer-depth))
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170 @print{} Minibuffer depth is 0.
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171 @result{} "Minibuffer depth is 0."
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172 @end group
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173
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174 @group
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175 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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176 Minibuffer depth is 0.
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177 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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178 @end group
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179 @end example
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180 @end defun
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181
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182 @defun current-message
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183 @tindex current-message
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184 This function returns the message currently being displayed in the
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185 echo area, or @code{nil} if there is none.
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186 @end defun
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187
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188 @defvar cursor-in-echo-area
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189 This variable controls where the cursor appears when a message is
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190 displayed in the echo area. If it is non-@code{nil}, then the cursor
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191 appears at the end of the message. Otherwise, the cursor appears at
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192 point---not in the echo area at all.
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193
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194 The value is normally @code{nil}; Lisp programs bind it to @code{t}
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195 for brief periods of time.
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196 @end defvar
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197
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198 @defvar echo-area-clear-hook
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199 @tindex echo-area-clear-hook
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200 This normal hook is run whenever the echo area is cleared---either by
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201 @code{(message nil)} or for any other reason.
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202 @end defvar
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203
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204 Almost all the messages displayed in the echo area are also recorded
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205 in the @samp{*Messages*} buffer.
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206
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207 @defopt message-log-max
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208 This variable specifies how many lines to keep in the @samp{*Messages*}
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209 buffer. The value @code{t} means there is no limit on how many lines to
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210 keep. The value @code{nil} disables message logging entirely. Here's
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211 how to display a message and prevent it from being logged:
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212
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213 @example
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214 (let (message-log-max)
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215 (message @dots{}))
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216 @end example
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217 @end defopt
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218
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219 @defvar echo-keystrokes
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220 This variable determines how much time should elapse before command
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221 characters echo. Its value must be an integer, which specifies the
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222 number of seconds to wait before echoing. If the user types a prefix
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223 key (such as @kbd{C-x}) and then delays this many seconds before
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224 continuing, the prefix key is echoed in the echo area. (Once echoing
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225 begins in a key sequence, all subsequent characters in the same key
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226 sequence are echoed immediately.)
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227
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228 If the value is zero, then command input is not echoed.
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229 @end defvar
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230
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231 @node Invisible Text
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232 @section Invisible Text
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233
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234 @cindex invisible text
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235 You can make characters @dfn{invisible}, so that they do not appear on
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236 the screen, with the @code{invisible} property. This can be either a
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237 text property (@pxref{Text Properties}) or a property of an overlay
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238 (@pxref{Overlays}).
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239
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240 In the simplest case, any non-@code{nil} @code{invisible} property makes
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241 a character invisible. This is the default case---if you don't alter
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242 the default value of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}, this is how the
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243 @code{invisible} property works.
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244
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245 More generally, you can use the variable @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}
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246 to control which values of the @code{invisible} property make text
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247 invisible. This permits you to classify the text into different subsets
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248 in advance, by giving them different @code{invisible} values, and
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249 subsequently make various subsets visible or invisible by changing the
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250 value of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}.
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251
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252 Controlling visibility with @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} is
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253 especially useful in a program to display the list of entries in a data
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254 base. It permits the implementation of convenient filtering commands to
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255 view just a part of the entries in the data base. Setting this variable
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256 is very fast, much faster than scanning all the text in the buffer
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257 looking for properties to change.
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258
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259 @defvar buffer-invisibility-spec
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260 This variable specifies which kinds of @code{invisible} properties
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261 actually make a character invisible.
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262
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263 @table @asis
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264 @item @code{t}
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265 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property is
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266 non-@code{nil}. This is the default.
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267
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268 @item a list
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269 Each element of the list specifies a criterion for invisibility; if a
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270 character's @code{invisible} property fits any one of these criteria,
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271 the character is invisible. The list can have two kinds of elements:
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272
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273 @table @code
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274 @item @var{atom}
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275 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property value
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276 is @var{atom} or if it is a list with @var{atom} as a member.
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277
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278 @item (@var{atom} . t)
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279 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property value
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280 is @var{atom} or if it is a list with @var{atom} as a member.
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281 Moreover, if this character is at the end of a line and is followed
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282 by a visible newline, it displays an ellipsis.
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283 @end table
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284 @end table
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285 @end defvar
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286
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287 Two functions are specifically provided for adding elements to
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288 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} and removing elements from it.
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289
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290 @defun add-to-invisibility-spec element
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291 @tindex add-to-invisibility-spec
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292 Add the element @var{element} to @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}
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293 (if it is not already present in that list).
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294 @end defun
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295
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296 @defun remove-from-invisibility-spec element
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297 @tindex remove-from-invisibility-spec
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298 Remove the element @var{element} from @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}.
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299 @end defun
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300
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301 One convention about the use of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} is
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302 that a major mode should use the mode's own name as an element of
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303 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} and as the value of the @code{invisible}
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304 property:
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305
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306 @example
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307 ;; @r{If you want to display an ellipsis:}
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308 (add-to-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t))
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309 ;; @r{If you don't want ellipsis:}
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310 (add-to-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol)
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311
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312 (overlay-put (make-overlay beginning end)
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313 'invisible 'my-symbol)
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314
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315 ;; @r{When done with the overlays:}
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316 (remove-from-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t))
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317 ;; @r{Or respectively:}
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318 (remove-from-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol)
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319 @end example
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320
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321 @vindex line-move-ignore-invisible
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322 Ordinarily, commands that operate on text or move point do not care
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323 whether the text is invisible. The user-level line motion commands
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324 explicitly ignore invisible newlines if
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325 @code{line-move-ignore-invisible} is non-@code{nil}, but only because
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326 they are explicitly programmed to do so.
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327
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328 Incremental search can make invisible overlays visible temporarily
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329 and/or permanently when a match includes invisible text. To enable
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330 this, the overlay should have a non-@code{nil}
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331 @code{isearch-open-invisible} property. The property value should be a
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332 function to be called with the overlay as an argument. This function
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333 should make the overlay visible permanently; it is used when the match
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334 overlaps the overlay on exit from the search.
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335
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336 During the search, such overlays are made temporarily visible by
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337 temporarily modifying their invisible and intangible properties. If you
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338 want this to be done differently for a certain overlay, give it an
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339 @code{isearch-open-invisible-temporary} property which is a function.
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340 The function is called with two arguments: the first is the overlay, and
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341 the second is @code{t} to make the overlay visible, or @code{nil} to
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342 make it invisible again.
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343
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344 @node Selective Display
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345 @section Selective Display
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346 @cindex selective display
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347
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348 @dfn{Selective display} refers to a pair of related features for
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349 hiding certain lines on the screen.
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350
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351 The first variant, explicit selective display, is designed for use in
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352 a Lisp program: it controls which lines are hidden by altering the text.
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353 The invisible text feature (@pxref{Invisible Text}) has partially
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354 replaced this feature.
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355
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356 In the second variant, the choice of lines to hide is made
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357 automatically based on indentation. This variant is designed to be a
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358 user-level feature.
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359
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360 The way you control explicit selective display is by replacing a
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361 newline (control-j) with a carriage return (control-m). The text that
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362 was formerly a line following that newline is now invisible. Strictly
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363 speaking, it is temporarily no longer a line at all, since only newlines
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364 can separate lines; it is now part of the previous line.
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365
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366 Selective display does not directly affect editing commands. For
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367 example, @kbd{C-f} (@code{forward-char}) moves point unhesitatingly into
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368 invisible text. However, the replacement of newline characters with
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369 carriage return characters affects some editing commands. For example,
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370 @code{next-line} skips invisible lines, since it searches only for
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371 newlines. Modes that use selective display can also define commands
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372 that take account of the newlines, or that make parts of the text
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373 visible or invisible.
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374
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375 When you write a selectively displayed buffer into a file, all the
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376 control-m's are output as newlines. This means that when you next read
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377 in the file, it looks OK, with nothing invisible. The selective display
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378 effect is seen only within Emacs.
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379
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380 @defvar selective-display
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381 This buffer-local variable enables selective display. This means that
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382 lines, or portions of lines, may be made invisible.
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383
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384 @itemize @bullet
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385 @item
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386 If the value of @code{selective-display} is @code{t}, then any portion
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387 of a line that follows a control-m is not displayed. This is explicit
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388 selective display.
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389
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390 @item
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391 If the value of @code{selective-display} is a positive integer, then
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392 lines that start with more than that many columns of indentation are not
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393 displayed.
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394 @end itemize
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395
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396 When some portion of a buffer is invisible, the vertical movement
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397 commands operate as if that portion did not exist, allowing a single
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398 @code{next-line} command to skip any number of invisible lines.
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399 However, character movement commands (such as @code{forward-char}) do
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400 not skip the invisible portion, and it is possible (if tricky) to insert
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401 or delete text in an invisible portion.
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402
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403 In the examples below, we show the @emph{display appearance} of the
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404 buffer @code{foo}, which changes with the value of
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405 @code{selective-display}. The @emph{contents} of the buffer do not
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406 change.
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407
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408 @example
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409 @group
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410 (setq selective-display nil)
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411 @result{} nil
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412
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413 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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414 1 on this column
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415 2on this column
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416 3n this column
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417 3n this column
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418 2on this column
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419 1 on this column
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420 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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421 @end group
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422
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423 @group
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424 (setq selective-display 2)
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425 @result{} 2
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426
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427 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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428 1 on this column
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429 2on this column
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430 2on this column
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431 1 on this column
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432 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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433 @end group
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434 @end example
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435 @end defvar
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436
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437 @defvar selective-display-ellipses
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438 If this buffer-local variable is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs displays
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439 @samp{@dots{}} at the end of a line that is followed by invisible text.
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440 This example is a continuation of the previous one.
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441
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442 @example
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443 @group
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444 (setq selective-display-ellipses t)
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445 @result{} t
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446
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447 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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448 1 on this column
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449 2on this column ...
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450 2on this column
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451 1 on this column
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452 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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453 @end group
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454 @end example
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455
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456 You can use a display table to substitute other text for the ellipsis
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457 (@samp{@dots{}}). @xref{Display Tables}.
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458 @end defvar
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459
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460 @node Overlay Arrow
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461 @section The Overlay Arrow
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462 @cindex overlay arrow
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463
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464 The @dfn{overlay arrow} is useful for directing the user's attention
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465 to a particular line in a buffer. For example, in the modes used for
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466 interface to debuggers, the overlay arrow indicates the line of code
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467 about to be executed.
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468
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469 @defvar overlay-arrow-string
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470 This variable holds the string to display to call attention to a
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471 particular line, or @code{nil} if the arrow feature is not in use.
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472 @end defvar
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473
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474 @defvar overlay-arrow-position
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475 This variable holds a marker that indicates where to display the overlay
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476 arrow. It should point at the beginning of a line. The arrow text
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477 appears at the beginning of that line, overlaying any text that would
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478 otherwise appear. Since the arrow is usually short, and the line
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479 usually begins with indentation, normally nothing significant is
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480 overwritten.
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481
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482 The overlay string is displayed only in the buffer that this marker
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483 points into. Thus, only one buffer can have an overlay arrow at any
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484 given time.
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485 @c !!! overlay-arrow-position: but the overlay string may remain in the display
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486 @c of some other buffer until an update is required. This should be fixed
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487 @c now. Is it?
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488 @end defvar
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489
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490 You can do a similar job by creating an overlay with a
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491 @code{before-string} property. @xref{Overlay Properties}.
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492
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493 @node Temporary Displays
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494 @section Temporary Displays
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495
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496 Temporary displays are used by Lisp programs to put output into a
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497 buffer and then present it to the user for perusal rather than for
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498 editing. Many help commands use this feature.
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499
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500 @defspec with-output-to-temp-buffer buffer-name forms@dots{}
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501 This function executes @var{forms} while arranging to insert any
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502 output they print into the buffer named @var{buffer-name}. The buffer
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503 is then shown in some window for viewing, displayed but not selected.
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504
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505 The string @var{buffer-name} specifies the temporary buffer, which
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506 need not already exist. The argument must be a string, not a buffer.
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507 The buffer is erased initially (with no questions asked), and it is
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508 marked as unmodified after @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} exits.
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509
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510 @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} binds @code{standard-output} to the
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511 temporary buffer, then it evaluates the forms in @var{forms}. Output
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512 using the Lisp output functions within @var{forms} goes by default to
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513 that buffer (but screen display and messages in the echo area, although
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514 they are ``output'' in the general sense of the word, are not affected).
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515 @xref{Output Functions}.
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516
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517 The value of the last form in @var{forms} is returned.
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518
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519 @example
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520 @group
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521 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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522 This is the contents of foo.
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523 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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524 @end group
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525
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526 @group
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527 (with-output-to-temp-buffer "foo"
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528 (print 20)
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529 (print standard-output))
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530 @result{} #<buffer foo>
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531
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532 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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533 20
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534
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535 #<buffer foo>
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536
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537 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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538 @end group
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539 @end example
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540 @end defspec
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541
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542 @defvar temp-buffer-show-function
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543 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer}
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544 calls it as a function to do the job of displaying a help buffer. The
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545 function gets one argument, which is the buffer it should display.
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546
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547 It is a good idea for this function to run @code{temp-buffer-show-hook}
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548 just as @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} normally would, inside of
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549 @code{save-window-excursion} and with the chosen window and buffer
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550 selected.
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551 @end defvar
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552
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553 @defvar temp-buffer-show-hook
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554 This normal hook is run by @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} after
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555 displaying the help buffer. When the hook runs, the help buffer is
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556 current, and the window it was displayed in is selected.
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557 @end defvar
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558
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559 @defun momentary-string-display string position &optional char message
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560 This function momentarily displays @var{string} in the current buffer at
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561 @var{position}. It has no effect on the undo list or on the buffer's
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562 modification status.
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563
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564 The momentary display remains until the next input event. If the next
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565 input event is @var{char}, @code{momentary-string-display} ignores it
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566 and returns. Otherwise, that event remains buffered for subsequent use
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567 as input. Thus, typing @var{char} will simply remove the string from
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568 the display, while typing (say) @kbd{C-f} will remove the string from
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569 the display and later (presumably) move point forward. The argument
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570 @var{char} is a space by default.
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571
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572 The return value of @code{momentary-string-display} is not meaningful.
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573
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574 If the string @var{string} does not contain control characters, you can
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575 do the same job in a more general way by creating (and then subsequently
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576 deleting) an overlay with a @code{before-string} property.
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577 @xref{Overlay Properties}.
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578
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579 If @var{message} is non-@code{nil}, it is displayed in the echo area
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580 while @var{string} is displayed in the buffer. If it is @code{nil}, a
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581 default message says to type @var{char} to continue.
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582
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583 In this example, point is initially located at the beginning of the
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584 second line:
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585
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586 @example
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587 @group
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588 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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589 This is the contents of foo.
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590 @point{}Second line.
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591 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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592 @end group
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593
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594 @group
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595 (momentary-string-display
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596 "**** Important Message! ****"
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597 (point) ?\r
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598 "Type RET when done reading")
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599 @result{} t
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600 @end group
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601
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602 @group
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603 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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604 This is the contents of foo.
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605 **** Important Message! ****Second line.
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606 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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607
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608 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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609 Type RET when done reading
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610 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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611 @end group
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612 @end example
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613 @end defun
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614
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615 @node Overlays
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616 @section Overlays
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617 @cindex overlays
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618
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619 You can use @dfn{overlays} to alter the appearance of a buffer's text on
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620 the screen, for the sake of presentation features. An overlay is an
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621 object that belongs to a particular buffer, and has a specified
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622 beginning and end. It also has properties that you can examine and set;
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623 these affect the display of the text within the overlay.
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624
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625 @menu
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626 * Overlay Properties:: How to read and set properties.
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627 What properties do to the screen display.
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628 * Managing Overlays:: Creating, moving, finding overlays.
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629 @end menu
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630
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631 @node Overlay Properties
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632 @subsection Overlay Properties
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633
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634 Overlay properties are like text properties in that the properties that
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635 alter how a character is displayed can come from either source. But in
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636 most respects they are different. Text properties are considered a part
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637 of the text; overlays are specifically considered not to be part of the
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638 text. Thus, copying text between various buffers and strings preserves
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639 text properties, but does not try to preserve overlays. Changing a
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640 buffer's text properties marks the buffer as modified, while moving an
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641 overlay or changing its properties does not. Unlike text property
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642 changes, overlay changes are not recorded in the buffer's undo list.
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643 @xref{Text Properties}, for comparison.
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644
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645 @table @code
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646 @item priority
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647 @kindex priority @r{(overlay property)}
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648 This property's value (which should be a nonnegative number) determines
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649 the priority of the overlay. The priority matters when two or more
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650 overlays cover the same character and both specify a face for display;
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
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651 the one whose @code{priority} value is larger takes priority over the
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parents:
diff changeset
652 other, and its face attributes override the face attributes of the lower
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parents:
diff changeset
653 priority overlay.
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parents:
diff changeset
654
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parents:
diff changeset
655 Currently, all overlays take priority over text properties. Please
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parents:
diff changeset
656 avoid using negative priority values, as we have not yet decided just
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
657 what they should mean.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
658
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parents:
diff changeset
659 @item window
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parents:
diff changeset
660 @kindex window @r{(overlay property)}
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diff changeset
661 If the @code{window} property is non-@code{nil}, then the overlay
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parents:
diff changeset
662 applies only on that window.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
663
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73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
664 @item category
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
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665 @kindex category @r{(overlay property)}
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
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666 If an overlay has a @code{category} property, we call it the
12098
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
667 @dfn{category} of the overlay. It should be a symbol. The properties
12067
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
668 of the symbol serve as defaults for the properties of the overlay.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
669
6598
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670 @item face
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671 @kindex face @r{(overlay property)}
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
672 This property controls the way text is displayed---for example, which
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
673 font and which colors. Its value is a face name or a list of face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
674 names. @xref{Faces}, for more information.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
675
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
676 If the property value is a list, elements may also have the form
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
677 @code{(foreground-color . @var{color-name})} or @code{(background-color
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
678 . @var{color-name})}. These elements specify just the foreground color
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
679 or just the background color; therefore, there is no need to create a
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
680 face for each color that you want to use.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
681
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diff changeset
682 @item mouse-face
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parents:
diff changeset
683 @kindex mouse-face @r{(overlay property)}
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parents:
diff changeset
684 This property is used instead of @code{face} when the mouse is within
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
685 the range of the overlay.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
686
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diff changeset
687 @item modification-hooks
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
688 @kindex modification-hooks @r{(overlay property)}
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parents:
diff changeset
689 This property's value is a list of functions to be called if any
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parents:
diff changeset
690 character within the overlay is changed or if text is inserted strictly
12067
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
691 within the overlay.
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
692
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
693 The hook functions are called both before and after each change.
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
694 If the functions save the information they receive, and compare notes
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
695 between calls, they can determine exactly what change has been made
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
696 in the buffer text.
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
697
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
698 When called before a change, each function receives four arguments: the
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
699 overlay, @code{nil}, and the beginning and end of the text range to be
7086
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6598
diff changeset
700 modified.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
701
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
702 When called after a change, each function receives five arguments: the
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
703 overlay, @code{t}, the beginning and end of the text range just
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
704 modified, and the length of the pre-change text replaced by that range.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
705 (For an insertion, the pre-change length is zero; for a deletion, that
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
706 length is the number of characters deleted, and the post-change
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
707 beginning and end are equal.)
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
708
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
709 @item insert-in-front-hooks
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
710 @kindex insert-in-front-hooks @r{(overlay property)}
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
711 This property's value is a list of functions to be called before and
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
712 after inserting text right at the beginning of the overlay. The calling
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
713 conventions are the same as for the @code{modification-hooks} functions.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
715 @item insert-behind-hooks
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
716 @kindex insert-behind-hooks @r{(overlay property)}
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
717 This property's value is a list of functions to be called before and
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
718 after inserting text right at the end of the overlay. The calling
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
719 conventions are the same as for the @code{modification-hooks} functions.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
721 @item invisible
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
722 @kindex invisible @r{(overlay property)}
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
723 The @code{invisible} property can make the text in the overlay
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
724 invisible, which means that it does not appear on the screen.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
725 @xref{Invisible Text}, for details.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
726
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
727 @item intangible
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
728 @kindex intangible @r{(overlay property)}
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
729 The @code{intangible} property on an overlay works just like the
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
730 @code{intangible} text property. @xref{Special Properties}, for details.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
731
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
732 @item isearch-open-invisible
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
733 This property tells incremental search how to make an invisible overlay
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
734 visible, permanently, if the final match overlaps it. @xref{Invisible
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
735 Text}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
736
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
737 @item isearch-open-invisible-temporary
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
738 This property tells incremental search how to make an invisible overlay
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
739 visible, temporarily, during the search. @xref{Invisible Text}.
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
740
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
741 @item before-string
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 @kindex before-string @r{(overlay property)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 This property's value is a string to add to the display at the beginning
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744 of the overlay. The string does not appear in the buffer in any
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
745 sense---only on the screen. The string should contain only characters
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
746 that display as a single column---control characters, including tabs or
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
747 newlines, will give strange results.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 @item after-string
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750 @kindex after-string @r{(overlay property)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
751 This property's value is a string to add to the display at the end of
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 the overlay. The string does not appear in the buffer in any
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
753 sense---only on the screen. The string should contain only characters
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
754 that display as a single column---control characters, including tabs or
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
755 newlines, will give strange results.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
756
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
757 @item evaporate
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
758 @kindex evaporate @r{(overlay property)}
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
759 If this property is non-@code{nil}, the overlay is deleted automatically
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
760 if it ever becomes empty (i.e., if it spans no characters).
16123
ec5f48fe0320 Mention local-value property on an overlay.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 15761
diff changeset
761
ec5f48fe0320 Mention local-value property on an overlay.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 15761
diff changeset
762 @item local-map
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
763 @cindex keymap of character (and overlays)
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
764 @kindex local-map @r{(overlay property)}
16123
ec5f48fe0320 Mention local-value property on an overlay.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 15761
diff changeset
765 If this property is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a keymap for a portion
ec5f48fe0320 Mention local-value property on an overlay.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 15761
diff changeset
766 of the text. The property's value replaces the buffer's local map, when
ec5f48fe0320 Mention local-value property on an overlay.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 15761
diff changeset
767 the character after point is within the overlay. @xref{Active Keymaps}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
768 @end table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
769
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
770 These are the functions for reading and writing the properties of an
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 overlay.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
773 @defun overlay-get overlay prop
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
774 This function returns the value of property @var{prop} recorded in
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
775 @var{overlay}, if any. If @var{overlay} does not record any value for
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
776 that property, but it does have a @code{category} property which is a
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
777 symbol, that symbol's @var{prop} property is used. Otherwise, the value
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
778 is @code{nil}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
779 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
780
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
781 @defun overlay-put overlay prop value
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
782 This function sets the value of property @var{prop} recorded in
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 @var{overlay} to @var{value}. It returns @var{value}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
785
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 See also the function @code{get-char-property} which checks both
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 overlay properties and text properties for a given character.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 @xref{Examining Properties}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
789
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
790 @node Managing Overlays
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 @subsection Managing Overlays
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
793 This section describes the functions to create, delete and move
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
794 overlays, and to examine their contents.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
796 @defun make-overlay start end &optional buffer front-advance rear-advance
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
797 This function creates and returns an overlay that belongs to
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
798 @var{buffer} and ranges from @var{start} to @var{end}. Both @var{start}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 and @var{end} must specify buffer positions; they may be integers or
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 markers. If @var{buffer} is omitted, the overlay is created in the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
801 current buffer.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
802
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
803 The arguments @var{front-advance} and @var{rear-advance} specify the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
804 insertion type for the start of the overlay and for the end of the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
805 overlay. @xref{Marker Insertion Types}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
806 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
807
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
808 @defun overlay-start overlay
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
809 This function returns the position at which @var{overlay} starts,
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
810 as an integer.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
811 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
812
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
813 @defun overlay-end overlay
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
814 This function returns the position at which @var{overlay} ends,
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
815 as an integer.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
816 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
817
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
818 @defun overlay-buffer overlay
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 This function returns the buffer that @var{overlay} belongs to.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
821
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
822 @defun delete-overlay overlay
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
823 This function deletes @var{overlay}. The overlay continues to exist as
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
824 a Lisp object, but ceases to be attached to the buffer it belonged to,
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
825 and ceases to have any effect on display.
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
826
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
827 A deleted overlay is not permanently useless. You can give it
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
828 a new buffer position by calling @code{move-overlay}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
830
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
831 @defun move-overlay overlay start end &optional buffer
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 This function moves @var{overlay} to @var{buffer}, and places its bounds
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 at @var{start} and @var{end}. Both arguments @var{start} and @var{end}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
834 must specify buffer positions; they may be integers or markers. If
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 @var{buffer} is omitted, the overlay stays in the same buffer.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
836
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
837 The return value is @var{overlay}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
838
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
839 This is the only valid way to change the endpoints of an overlay. Do
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 not try modifying the markers in the overlay by hand, as that fails to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 update other vital data structures and can cause some overlays to be
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 ``lost''.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
843 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
844
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
845 @defun overlays-at pos
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846 This function returns a list of all the overlays that contain position
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847 @var{pos} in the current buffer. The list is in no particular order.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 An overlay contains position @var{pos} if it begins at or before
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 @var{pos}, and ends after @var{pos}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
851
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
852 @defun overlays-in beg end
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
853 @tindex overlays-in
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
854 This function returns a list of the overlays that overlap the region
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
855 @var{beg} through @var{end}. ``Overlap'' means that at least one
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
856 character is contained within the overlay and also contained within the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
857 specified region; however, empty overlays are included in the result if
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
858 they are located at @var{beg} or between @var{beg} and @var{end}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
859 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
860
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 @defun next-overlay-change pos
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862 This function returns the buffer position of the next beginning or end
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 of an overlay, after @var{pos}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
866 @defun previous-overlay-change pos
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
867 This function returns the buffer position of the previous beginning or
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
868 end of an overlay, before @var{pos}.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
869 @end defun
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
870
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
871 @node Width
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
872 @section Width
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
873
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
874 Since not all characters have the same width, these functions let you
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
875 check the width of a character. @xref{Primitive Indent}, and
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
876 @ref{Screen Lines}, for related functions.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
877
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
878 @defun char-width char
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
879 @tindex char-width
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
880 This function returns the width in columns of the character @var{char},
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
881 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
882 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
883
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
884 @defun string-width string
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
885 @tindex string-width
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
886 This function returns the width in columns of the string @var{string},
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
887 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
888 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
889
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
890 @defun truncate-string-to-width string width &optional start-column padding
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
891 @tindex truncate-string-to-width
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
892 This function returns the part of @var{string} that fits within
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
893 @var{width} columns, as a new string.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
894
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
895 If @var{string} does not reach @var{width}, then the result ends where
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
896 @var{string} ends. If one multi-column character in @var{string}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
897 extends across the column @var{width}, that character is not included in
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
898 the result. Thus, the result can fall short of @var{width} but cannot
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
899 go beyond it.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
900
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
901 The optional argument @var{start-column} specifies the starting column.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
902 If this is non-@code{nil}, then the first @var{start-column} columns of
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
903 the string are omitted from the value. If one multi-column character in
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
904 @var{string} extends across the column @var{start-column}, that
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
905 character is not included.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
906
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
907 The optional argument @var{padding}, if non-@code{nil}, is a padding
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
908 character added at the beginning and end of the result string, to extend
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
909 it to exactly @var{width} columns. The padding character is used at the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
910 end of the result if it falls short of @var{width}. It is also used at
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
911 the beginning of the result if one multi-column character in
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
912 @var{string} extends across the column @var{start-column}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
913
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
914 @example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
915 (truncate-string-to-width "\tab\t" 12 4)
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
916 @result{} "ab"
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
917 (truncate-string-to-width "\tab\t" 12 4 ?\ )
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
918 @result{} " ab "
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
919 @end example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
920 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
921
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 @node Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 @section Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 @cindex face
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 A @dfn{face} is a named collection of graphical attributes: font,
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
927 foreground color, background color, and optional underlining. Faces
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 control the display of text on the screen.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 @cindex face id
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
931 Each face has its own @dfn{face number}, which distinguishes faces at
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 low levels within Emacs. However, for most purposes, you can refer to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933 faces in Lisp programs by their names.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
935 @defun facep object
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
936 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a face name symbol (or
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
937 if it is a vector of the kind used internally to record face data). It
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
938 returns @code{nil} otherwise.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
939 @end defun
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
940
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 Each face name is meaningful for all frames, and by default it has the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 same meaning in all frames. But you can arrange to give a particular
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 face name a special meaning in one frame if you wish.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 @menu
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 * Standard Faces:: The faces Emacs normally comes with.
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
947 * Defining Faces:: How to define a face with @code{defface}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 * Merging Faces:: How Emacs decides which face to use for a character.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 * Face Functions:: How to define and examine faces.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950 @end menu
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 @node Standard Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 @subsection Standard Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 This table lists all the standard faces and their uses.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 @table @code
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958 @item default
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 @kindex default @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 This face is used for ordinary text.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 @item modeline
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 @kindex modeline @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964 This face is used for mode lines and menu bars.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966 @item region
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 @kindex region @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 This face is used for highlighting the region in Transient Mark mode.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969
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970 @item secondary-selection
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parents:
diff changeset
971 @kindex secondary-selection @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
972 This face is used to show any secondary selection you have made.
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parents:
diff changeset
973
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diff changeset
974 @item highlight
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diff changeset
975 @kindex highlight @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
976 This face is meant to be used for highlighting for various purposes.
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parents:
diff changeset
977
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diff changeset
978 @item underline
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diff changeset
979 @kindex underline @r{(face name)}
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diff changeset
980 This face underlines text.
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parents:
diff changeset
981
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diff changeset
982 @item bold
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diff changeset
983 @kindex bold @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
984 This face uses a bold font, if possible. It uses the bold variant of
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parents:
diff changeset
985 the frame's font, if it has one. It's up to you to choose a default
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
986 font that has a bold variant, if you want to use one.
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parents:
diff changeset
987
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diff changeset
988 @item italic
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989 @kindex italic @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
990 This face uses the italic variant of the frame's font, if it has one.
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parents:
diff changeset
991
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diff changeset
992 @item bold-italic
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diff changeset
993 @kindex bold-italic @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
994 This face uses the bold italic variant of the frame's font, if it has
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parents:
diff changeset
995 one.
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diff changeset
996 @end table
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diff changeset
997
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998 @node Defining Faces
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999 @subsection Defining Faces
21682
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1000
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diff changeset
1001 The way to define a new face is with @code{defface}. This creates a
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diff changeset
1002 kind of customization item (@pxref{Customization}) which the user can
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diff changeset
1003 customize using the Customization buffer (@pxref{Easy Customization,,,
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diff changeset
1004 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).
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diff changeset
1005
22138
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diff changeset
1006 @defmac defface face spec doc [keyword value]...
21682
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diff changeset
1007 @tindex defface
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diff changeset
1008 Declare @var{face} as a customizable face that defaults according to
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diff changeset
1009 @var{spec}. Do not quote the symbol @var{face}. The argument @var{doc}
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diff changeset
1010 specifies the face documentation.
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1011
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1012 When @code{defface} executes, it defines the face according to
22138
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diff changeset
1013 @var{spec}, then uses any customizations that were read from the
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1014 @file{.emacs} file to override that specification.
21682
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1015
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diff changeset
1016 The purpose of @var{spec} is to specify how the face should appear on
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diff changeset
1017 different kinds of terminals. It should be an alist whose elements have
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
1018 the form @code{(@var{display} @var{atts})}. The element's @sc{car},
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diff changeset
1019 @var{display}, specifies a class of terminals. The @sc{cdr},
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diff changeset
1020 @var{atts}, is a list of face attributes and their values; it specifies
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diff changeset
1021 what the face should look like on that kind of terminal. The possible
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diff changeset
1022 attributes are defined in the value of @code{custom-face-attributes}.
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1023
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1024 The @var{display} part of an element of @var{spec} determines which
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diff changeset
1025 frames the element applies to. If more than one element of @var{spec}
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1026 matches a given frame, the first matching element is the only one used
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1027 for that frame. There are two possibilities for @var{display}:
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diff changeset
1028
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1029 @table @asis
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1030 @item @code{t}
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diff changeset
1031 This element of @var{spec} matches all frames. Therefore, any
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diff changeset
1032 subsequent elements of @var{spec} are never used. Normally
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diff changeset
1033 @code{t} is used in the last (or only) element of @var{spec}.
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diff changeset
1034
22138
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diff changeset
1035 @item a list
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diff changeset
1036 If @var{display} is a list, each element should have the form
21682
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diff changeset
1037 @code{(@var{characteristic} @var{value}@dots{})}. Here
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1038 @var{characteristic} specifies a way of classifying frames, and the
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diff changeset
1039 @var{value}s are possible classifications which @var{display} should
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diff changeset
1040 apply to. Here are the possible values of @var{characteristic}:
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diff changeset
1041
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diff changeset
1042 @table @code
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diff changeset
1043 @item type
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1044 The kind of window system the frame uses---either @code{x}, @code{pc}
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diff changeset
1045 (for the MS-DOS console), @code{w32} (for MS Windows 9X/NT), or
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diff changeset
1046 @code{tty}.
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1047
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diff changeset
1048 @item class
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1049 What kinds of colors the frame supports---either @code{color},
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diff changeset
1050 @code{grayscale}, or @code{mono}.
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diff changeset
1051
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1052 @item background
22252
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diff changeset
1053 The kind of background---either @code{light} or @code{dark}.
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diff changeset
1054 @end table
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1055
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diff changeset
1056 If an element of @var{display} specifies more than one @var{value} for a
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1057 given @var{characteristic}, any of those values is acceptable. If
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diff changeset
1058 @var{display} has more than one element, each element should specify a
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diff changeset
1059 different @var{characteristic}; then @emph{each} characteristic of the
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diff changeset
1060 frame must match one of the @var{value}s specified for it in
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diff changeset
1061 @var{display}.
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1062 @end table
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diff changeset
1063 @end defmac
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1064
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diff changeset
1065 Here's how the standard face @code{region} could be defined
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diff changeset
1066 with @code{defface}:
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1067
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diff changeset
1068 @example
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diff changeset
1069 (defface region
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diff changeset
1070 ((((class color) (background dark))
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1071 (:background "blue"))
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diff changeset
1072 (t (:background "gray")))
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diff changeset
1073 "Used for displaying the region.")
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1074 @end example
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1075
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1076 Internally, @code{defface} uses the symbol property
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diff changeset
1077 @code{face-defface-spec} to record the face attributes specified in
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diff changeset
1078 @code{defface}, @code{saved-face} for the attributes saved by the user
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diff changeset
1079 with the customization buffer, and @code{face-documentation} for the
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diff changeset
1080 documentation string.
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1081
22252
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diff changeset
1082 @tindex frame-background-mode
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diff changeset
1083 @defopt frame-background-mode
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diff changeset
1084 This option, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the background type to use for
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diff changeset
1085 interpreting face definitions. If it is @code{dark}, then Emacs treats
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diff changeset
1086 all frames as if they had a dark background, regardless of their actual
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diff changeset
1087 background colors. If it is @code{light}, then Emacs treats all frames
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diff changeset
1088 as if they had a light background.
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diff changeset
1089 @end defopt
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diff changeset
1090
6598
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diff changeset
1091 @node Merging Faces
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diff changeset
1092 @subsection Merging Faces for Display
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parents:
diff changeset
1093
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diff changeset
1094 Here are all the ways to specify which face to use for display of text:
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parents:
diff changeset
1095
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diff changeset
1096 @itemize @bullet
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diff changeset
1097 @item
21682
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diff changeset
1098 With defaults. Each frame has a @dfn{default face}, which is used for
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diff changeset
1099 all text that doesn't somehow specify another face. (We may change this
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diff changeset
1100 in a forthcoming Emacs version to serve as a default for all text.)
6598
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diff changeset
1101
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parents:
diff changeset
1102 @item
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diff changeset
1103 With text properties. A character may have a @code{face} property; if so,
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
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parents: 8925
diff changeset
1104 it is displayed with that face. @xref{Special Properties}.
6598
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diff changeset
1105
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diff changeset
1106 If the character has a @code{mouse-face} property, that is used instead
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parents:
diff changeset
1107 of the @code{face} property when the mouse is ``near enough'' to the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1108 character.
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parents:
diff changeset
1109
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diff changeset
1110 @item
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diff changeset
1111 With overlays. An overlay may have @code{face} and @code{mouse-face}
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diff changeset
1112 properties too; they apply to all the text covered by the overlay.
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diff changeset
1113
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diff changeset
1114 @item
12098
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diff changeset
1115 With a region that is active. In Transient Mark mode, the region is
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diff changeset
1116 highlighted with a particular face (see @code{region-face}, below).
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diff changeset
1117
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diff changeset
1118 @item
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1119 With special glyphs. Each glyph can specify a particular face
6598
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diff changeset
1120 number. @xref{Glyphs}.
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diff changeset
1121 @end itemize
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diff changeset
1122
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diff changeset
1123 If these various sources together specify more than one face for a
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1124 particular character, Emacs merges the attributes of the various faces
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diff changeset
1125 specified. The attributes of the faces of special glyphs come first;
12098
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1126 then comes the face for region highlighting, if appropriate;
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1127 then come attributes of faces from overlays, followed by those from text
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 properties, and last the default face.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130 When multiple overlays cover one character, an overlay with higher
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131 priority overrides those with lower priority. @xref{Overlays}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1132
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1133 If an attribute such as the font or a color is not specified in any of
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1134 the above ways, the frame's own font or color is used.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1135
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136 @node Face Functions
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137 @subsection Functions for Working with Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1138
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1139 The attributes a face can specify include the font, the foreground
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1140 color, the background color, and underlining. The face can also leave
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1141 these unspecified by giving the value @code{nil} for them.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1142
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1143 Here are the primitives for creating and changing faces.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1144
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1145 @defun make-face name
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1146 This function defines a new face named @var{name}, initially with all
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147 attributes @code{nil}. It does nothing if there is already a face named
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 @var{name}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1149 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1150
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1151 @defun face-list
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1152 This function returns a list of all defined face names.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1155 @defun copy-face old-face new-name &optional frame new-frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156 This function defines the face @var{new-name} as a copy of the existing
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 face named @var{old-face}. It creates the face @var{new-name} if that
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 doesn't already exist.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1159
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160 If the optional argument @var{frame} is given, this function applies
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1161 only to that frame. Otherwise it applies to each frame individually,
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1162 copying attributes from @var{old-face} in each frame to @var{new-face}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1163 in the same frame.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1164
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165 If the optional argument @var{new-frame} is given, then @code{copy-face}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166 copies the attributes of @var{old-face} in @var{frame} to @var{new-name}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 in @var{new-frame}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1169
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 You can modify the attributes of an existing face with the following
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 functions. If you specify @var{frame}, they affect just that frame;
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172 otherwise, they affect all frames as well as the defaults that apply to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173 new frames.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1175 @defun set-face-foreground face color &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1176 @defunx set-face-background face color &optional frame
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1177 These functions set the foreground (or background, respectively) color
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1178 of face @var{face} to @var{color}. The argument @var{color} should be a
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1179 string, the name of a color.
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1180
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1181 Certain shades of gray are implemented by stipple patterns on
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1182 black-and-white screens.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1183 @end defun
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1184
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1185 @defun set-face-stipple face pattern &optional frame
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1186 This function sets the background stipple pattern of face @var{face} to
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1187 @var{pattern}. The argument @var{pattern} should be the name of a
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1188 stipple pattern defined by the X server, or @code{nil} meaning don't use
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1189 stipple.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1190
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1191 Normally there is no need to pay attention to stipple patterns, because
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1192 they are used automatically to handle certain shades of gray.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1193 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1194
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1195 @defun set-face-font face font &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1196 This function sets the font of face @var{face}. The argument @var{font}
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1197 should be a string, either a valid font name for your system or the name
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1198 of an Emacs fontset (@pxref{Fontsets}). Note that if you set the font
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1199 explicitly, the bold and italic attributes cease to have any effect,
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1200 because the precise font that you specified is always used.
18234
2e66f4ee4ca8 Add make-face-bold/italic and unbold/unitalic.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16123
diff changeset
1201 @end defun
2e66f4ee4ca8 Add make-face-bold/italic and unbold/unitalic.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16123
diff changeset
1202
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1203 @defun set-face-bold-p face bold-p &optional frame
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1204 @tindex set-face-bold-p
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1205 This function sets the bold attribute of face @var{face}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1206 Non-@code{nil} means bold; @code{nil} means non-bold.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1207 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1208
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1209 @defun set-face-italic-p face italic-p &optional frame
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1210 @tindex set-face-italic-p
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1211 This function sets the italic attribute of face @var{face}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1212 Non-@code{nil} means italic; @code{nil} means non-italic.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1213 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1214
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1215 @defun set-face-underline-p face underline-p &optional frame
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1216 This function sets the underline attribute of face @var{face}.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1217 Non-@code{nil} means do underline; @code{nil} means don't.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1218 @end defun
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1219
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1220 @defun invert-face face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1221 Swap the foreground and background colors of face @var{face}. If the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1222 face doesn't specify both foreground and background, then its foreground
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1223 and background are set to the default background and foreground,
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1224 respectively.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1225 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1226
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1227 These functions examine the attributes of a face. If you don't
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1228 specify @var{frame}, they refer to the default data for new frames.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1229
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1230 @defun face-foreground face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1231 @defunx face-background face &optional frame
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1232 These functions return the foreground color (or background color,
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1233 respectively) of face @var{face}, as a string.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1234 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1236 @defun face-stipple face &optional frame
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1237 This function returns the name of the background stipple pattern of face
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1238 @var{face}, or @code{nil} if it doesn't have one.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1239 @end defun
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1240
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1241 @defun face-font face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1242 This function returns the name of the font of face @var{face}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1243 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1244
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1245 @defun face-bold-p face &optional frame
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1246 @tindex face-bold-p
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1247 This function returns the bold attribute of face @var{face}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1248 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1249
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1250 @defun face-italic-p face &optional frame
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1251 @tindex face-italic-p
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1252 This function returns the italic attribute of face @var{face}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1253 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1254
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1255 @defun face-underline-p face &optional frame
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1256 This function returns the underline attribute of face @var{face}.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1257 @end defun
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1258
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1259 @defun face-id face
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1260 This function returns the face number of face @var{face}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1261 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1262
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1263 @defun face-documentation face
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1264 @tindex face-documentation
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1265 This function returns the documentation string of face @var{face}, or
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1266 @code{nil} if none was specified for it.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1267 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1268
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1269 @defun face-equal face1 face2 &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1270 This returns @code{t} if the faces @var{face1} and @var{face2} have the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1271 same attributes for display.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1272 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1273
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1274 @defun face-differs-from-default-p face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1275 This returns @code{t} if the face @var{face} displays differently from
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1276 the default face. A face is considered to be ``the same'' as the normal
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1277 face if each attribute is either the same as that of the default face or
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1278 @code{nil} (meaning to inherit from the default).
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1279 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1280
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1281 @defvar region-face
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1282 This variable's value specifies the face number to use to display characters
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1283 in the region when it is active (in Transient Mark mode only). The face
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1284 thus specified takes precedence over all faces that come from text
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1285 properties and overlays, for characters in the region. @xref{The Mark},
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1286 for more information about Transient Mark mode.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1287
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1288 Normally, the value is the face number of the face named @code{region}.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1289 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1290
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1291 @tindex frame-update-face-colors
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1292 @defun frame-update-face-colors frame
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
1293 This function updates the way faces display on @var{frame}, for a change
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
1294 in @var{frame}'s foreground or background color.
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
1295 @end defun
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1296
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1297 @node Blinking
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298 @section Blinking Parentheses
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1299 @cindex parenthesis matching
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1300 @cindex blinking
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1301 @cindex balancing parentheses
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1302 @cindex close parenthesis
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1303
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1304 This section describes the mechanism by which Emacs shows a matching
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1305 open parenthesis when the user inserts a close parenthesis.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1306
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1307 @defvar blink-paren-function
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1308 The value of this variable should be a function (of no arguments) to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1309 be called whenever a character with close parenthesis syntax is inserted.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1310 The value of @code{blink-paren-function} may be @code{nil}, in which
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1311 case nothing is done.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1312 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1313
22252
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1314 @defopt blink-matching-paren
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1315 If this variable is @code{nil}, then @code{blink-matching-open} does
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1316 nothing.
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1317 @end defopt
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1318
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1319 @defopt blink-matching-paren-distance
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1320 This variable specifies the maximum distance to scan for a matching
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1321 parenthesis before giving up.
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1322 @end defopt
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1323
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1324 @defopt blink-matching-delay
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1325 This variable specifies the number of seconds for the cursor to remain
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1326 at the matching parenthesis. A fraction of a second often gives
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1327 good results, but the default is 1, which works on all systems.
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1328 @end defopt
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1329
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1330 @deffn Command blink-matching-open
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1331 This function is the default value of @code{blink-paren-function}. It
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1332 assumes that point follows a character with close parenthesis syntax and
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1333 moves the cursor momentarily to the matching opening character. If that
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1334 character is not already on the screen, it displays the character's
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1335 context in the echo area. To avoid long delays, this function does not
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1336 search farther than @code{blink-matching-paren-distance} characters.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1337
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1338 Here is an example of calling this function explicitly.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1339
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1340 @smallexample
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1341 @group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1342 (defun interactive-blink-matching-open ()
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1343 @c Do not break this line! -- rms.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1344 @c The first line of a doc string
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1345 @c must stand alone.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1346 "Indicate momentarily the start of sexp before point."
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1347 (interactive)
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1348 @end group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1349 @group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1350 (let ((blink-matching-paren-distance
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1351 (buffer-size))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1352 (blink-matching-paren t))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1353 (blink-matching-open)))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1354 @end group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1355 @end smallexample
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1356 @end deffn
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1357
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1358 @node Inverse Video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1359 @section Inverse Video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1360 @cindex Inverse Video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1361
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1362 @defopt inverse-video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1363 @cindex highlighting
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1364 This variable controls whether Emacs uses inverse video for all text
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1365 on the screen. Non-@code{nil} means yes, @code{nil} means no. The
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1366 default is @code{nil}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1367 @end defopt
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1368
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1369 @defopt mode-line-inverse-video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1370 This variable controls the use of inverse video for mode lines. If it
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1371 is non-@code{nil}, then mode lines are displayed in inverse video.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1372 Otherwise, mode lines are displayed normally, just like text. The
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1373 default is @code{t}.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1374
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1375 For window frames, this displays mode lines using the face named
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1376 @code{modeline}, which is normally the inverse of the default face
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1377 unless you change it.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1378 @end defopt
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1379
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1380 @node Usual Display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1381 @section Usual Display Conventions
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1382
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1383 The usual display conventions define how to display each character
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1384 code. You can override these conventions by setting up a display table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1385 (@pxref{Display Tables}). Here are the usual display conventions:
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1386
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1387 @itemize @bullet
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1388 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1389 Character codes 32 through 126 map to glyph codes 32 through 126.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1390 Normally this means they display as themselves.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1391
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1392 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1393 Character code 9 is a horizontal tab. It displays as whitespace
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1394 up to a position determined by @code{tab-width}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1395
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1396 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1397 Character code 10 is a newline.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1398
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1399 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1400 All other codes in the range 0 through 31, and code 127, display in one
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1401 of two ways according to the value of @code{ctl-arrow}. If it is
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1402 non-@code{nil}, these codes map to sequences of two glyphs, where the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1403 first glyph is the @sc{ASCII} code for @samp{^}. (A display table can
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1404 specify a glyph to use instead of @samp{^}.) Otherwise, these codes map
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1405 just like the codes in the range 128 to 255.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1406
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1407 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1408 Character codes 128 through 255 map to sequences of four glyphs, where
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1409 the first glyph is the @sc{ASCII} code for @samp{\}, and the others are
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1410 digit characters representing the character code in octal. (A display
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1411 table can specify a glyph to use instead of @samp{\}.)
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1412
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1413 @item
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1414 Multibyte character codes above 256 are displayed as themselves, or as a
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1415 question mark or empty box if the terminal cannot display that
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1416 character.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1417 @end itemize
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1418
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1419 The usual display conventions apply even when there is a display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1420 table, for any character whose entry in the active display table is
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1421 @code{nil}. Thus, when you set up a display table, you need only
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1422 specify the characters for which you want special behavior.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1423
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1424 These variables affect the way certain characters are displayed on the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1425 screen. Since they change the number of columns the characters occupy,
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1426 they also affect the indentation functions. These variables also affect
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1427 how the mode line is displayed; if you want to force redisplay of the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1428 mode line using the new values, call the function
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1429 @code{force-mode-line-update} (@pxref{Mode Line Format}).
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1430
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1431 @defopt ctl-arrow
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1432 @cindex control characters in display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1433 This buffer-local variable controls how control characters are
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1434 displayed. If it is non-@code{nil}, they are displayed as a caret
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1435 followed by the character: @samp{^A}. If it is @code{nil}, they are
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1436 displayed as a backslash followed by three octal digits: @samp{\001}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1437 @end defopt
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1438
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1439 @c Following may have overfull hbox.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1440 @defvar default-ctl-arrow
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1441 The value of this variable is the default value for @code{ctl-arrow} in
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1442 buffers that do not override it. @xref{Default Value}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1443 @end defvar
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1444
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1445 @defopt tab-width
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1446 The value of this variable is the spacing between tab stops used for
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1447 displaying tab characters in Emacs buffers. The default is 8. Note
21007
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parents: 18234
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1448 that this feature is completely independent of the user-settable tab
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1449 stops used by the command @code{tab-to-tab-stop}. @xref{Indent Tabs}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1450 @end defopt
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parents:
diff changeset
1451
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parents:
diff changeset
1452 @node Display Tables
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parents:
diff changeset
1453 @section Display Tables
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parents:
diff changeset
1454
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parents:
diff changeset
1455 @cindex display table
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1456 You can use the @dfn{display table} feature to control how all possible
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1457 character codes display on the screen. This is useful for displaying
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1458 European languages that have letters not in the @sc{ASCII} character
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1459 set.
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parents:
diff changeset
1460
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parents:
diff changeset
1461 The display table maps each character code into a sequence of
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1462 @dfn{glyphs}, each glyph being an image that takes up one character
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1463 position on the screen. You can also define how to display each glyph
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1464 on your terminal, using the @dfn{glyph table}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1465
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1466 Display tables affect how the mode line is displayed; if you want to
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1467 force redisplay of the mode line using a new display table, call
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1468 @code{force-mode-line-update} (@pxref{Mode Line Format}).
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1469
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diff changeset
1470 @menu
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parents:
diff changeset
1471 * Display Table Format:: What a display table consists of.
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parents:
diff changeset
1472 * Active Display Table:: How Emacs selects a display table to use.
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parents:
diff changeset
1473 * Glyphs:: How to define a glyph, and what glyphs mean.
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parents:
diff changeset
1474 @end menu
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parents:
diff changeset
1475
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parents:
diff changeset
1476 @node Display Table Format
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parents:
diff changeset
1477 @subsection Display Table Format
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parents:
diff changeset
1478
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
1479 A display table is actually a char-table (@pxref{Char-Tables}) with
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
1480 @code{display-table} as its subtype.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1481
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parents:
diff changeset
1482 @defun make-display-table
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parents:
diff changeset
1483 This creates and returns a display table. The table initially has
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parents:
diff changeset
1484 @code{nil} in all elements.
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parents:
diff changeset
1485 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1486
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parents: 18234
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1487 The ordinary elements of the display table are indexed by character
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1488 codes; the element at index @var{c} says how to display the character
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1489 code @var{c}. The value should be @code{nil} or a vector of glyph
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1490 values (@pxref{Glyphs}). If an element is @code{nil}, it says to
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1491 display that character according to the usual display conventions
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1492 (@pxref{Usual Display}).
12067
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
1493
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
1494 If you use the display table to change the display of newline
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
1495 characters, the whole buffer will be displayed as one long ``line.''
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1496
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1497 The display table also has six ``extra slots'' which serve special
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1498 purposes. Here is a table of their meanings; @code{nil} in any slot
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1499 means to use the default for that slot, as stated below.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1500
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parents:
diff changeset
1501 @table @asis
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1502 @item 0
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1503 The glyph for the end of a truncated screen line (the default for this
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1504 is @samp{$}). @xref{Glyphs}.
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1505 @item 1
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1506 The glyph for the end of a continued line (the default is @samp{\}).
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1507 @item 2
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1508 The glyph for indicating a character displayed as an octal character
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1509 code (the default is @samp{\}).
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1510 @item 3
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1511 The glyph for indicating a control character (the default is @samp{^}).
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1512 @item 4
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1513 A vector of glyphs for indicating the presence of invisible lines (the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1514 default is @samp{...}). @xref{Selective Display}.
21007
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1515 @item 5
8925
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Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents: 8096
diff changeset
1516 The glyph used to draw the border between side-by-side windows (the
b05788fd41f0 *** empty log message ***
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents: 8096
diff changeset
1517 default is @samp{|}). @xref{Splitting Windows}.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1518 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
1519
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parents:
diff changeset
1520 For example, here is how to construct a display table that mimics the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1521 effect of setting @code{ctl-arrow} to a non-@code{nil} value:
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1522
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1523 @example
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1524 (setq disptab (make-display-table))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1525 (let ((i 0))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1526 (while (< i 32)
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1527 (or (= i ?\t) (= i ?\n)
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1528 (aset disptab i (vector ?^ (+ i 64))))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1529 (setq i (1+ i)))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1530 (aset disptab 127 (vector ?^ ??)))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1531 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
1532
22138
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
1533 @defun display-table-slot display-table slot
21007
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1534 @tindex display-table-slot
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1535 This function returns the value of the extra slot @var{slot} of
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1536 @var{display-table}. The argument @var{slot} may be a number from 0 to
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1537 5 inclusive, or a slot name (symbol). Valid symbols are
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1538 @code{truncation}, @code{wrap}, @code{escape}, @code{control},
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1539 @code{selective-display}, and @code{vertical-border}.
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1540 @end defun
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1541
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
1542 @defun set-display-table-slot display-table slot value
21007
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1543 @tindex set-display-table-slot
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1544 This function stores @var{value} in the extra slot @var{slot} of
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1545 @var{display-table}. The argument @var{slot} may be a number from 0 to
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1546 5 inclusive, or a slot name (symbol). Valid symbols are
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1547 @code{truncation}, @code{wrap}, @code{escape}, @code{control},
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1548 @code{selective-display}, and @code{vertical-border}.
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1549 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1550
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diff changeset
1551 @node Active Display Table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1552 @subsection Active Display Table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1553 @cindex active display table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1554
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1555 Each window can specify a display table, and so can each buffer. When
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1556 a buffer @var{b} is displayed in window @var{w}, display uses the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1557 display table for window @var{w} if it has one; otherwise, the display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1558 table for buffer @var{b} if it has one; otherwise, the standard display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1559 table if any. The display table chosen is called the @dfn{active}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1560 display table.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1561
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1562 @defun window-display-table window
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1563 This function returns @var{window}'s display table, or @code{nil}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1564 if @var{window} does not have an assigned display table.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1565 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1566
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parents:
diff changeset
1567 @defun set-window-display-table window table
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parents:
diff changeset
1568 This function sets the display table of @var{window} to @var{table}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1569 The argument @var{table} should be either a display table or
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1570 @code{nil}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1571 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1572
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parents:
diff changeset
1573 @defvar buffer-display-table
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1574 This variable is automatically buffer-local in all buffers; its value in
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1575 a particular buffer specifies the display table for that buffer. If it
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1576 is @code{nil}, that means the buffer does not have an assigned display
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1577 table.
6598
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diff changeset
1578 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1579
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parents:
diff changeset
1580 @defvar standard-display-table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1581 This variable's value is the default display table, used whenever a
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1582 window has no display table and neither does the buffer displayed in
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1583 that window. This variable is @code{nil} by default.
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parents:
diff changeset
1584 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1585
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parents:
diff changeset
1586 If there is no display table to use for a particular window---that is,
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1587 if the window specifies none, its buffer specifies none, and
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1588 @code{standard-display-table} is @code{nil}---then Emacs uses the usual
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1589 display conventions for all character codes in that window. @xref{Usual
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1590 Display}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1591
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1592 @node Glyphs
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parents:
diff changeset
1593 @subsection Glyphs
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1594
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1595 @cindex glyph
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1596 A @dfn{glyph} is a generalization of a character; it stands for an
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1597 image that takes up a single character position on the screen. Glyphs
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1598 are represented in Lisp as integers, just as characters are.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1599
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1600 @cindex glyph table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1601 The meaning of each integer, as a glyph, is defined by the glyph
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1602 table, which is the value of the variable @code{glyph-table}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1603
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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diff changeset
1604 @defvar glyph-table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1605 The value of this variable is the current glyph table. It should be a
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1606 vector; the @var{g}th element defines glyph code @var{g}. If the value
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1607 is @code{nil} instead of a vector, then all glyphs are simple (see
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1608 below).
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1609 @end defvar
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1610
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1611 Here are the possible types of elements in the glyph table:
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1612
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1613 @table @asis
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1614 @item @var{string}
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1615 Send the characters in @var{string} to the terminal to output
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1616 this glyph. This alternative is available on character terminals,
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1617 but not under a window system.
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1618
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1619 @item @var{integer}
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1620 Define this glyph code as an alias for glyph code @var{integer}. You
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1621 can use an alias to specify a face code for the glyph; see below.
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1622
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1623 @item @code{nil}
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1624 This glyph is simple. On an ordinary terminal, the glyph code mod
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1625 524288 is the character to output. In a window system, the glyph code
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1626 mod 524288 is the character to output, and the glyph code divided by
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1627 524288 specifies the face number (@pxref{Face Functions}) to use while
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1628 outputting it. (524288 is
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1629 @ifinfo
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1630 2**19.)
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1631 @end ifinfo
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1632 @tex
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1633 $2^{19}$.)
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1634 @end tex
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1635 @xref{Faces}.
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1636 @end table
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1637
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1638 If a glyph code is greater than or equal to the length of the glyph
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1639 table, that code is automatically simple.
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1640
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1641 @node Beeping
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1642 @section Beeping
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1643 @cindex beeping
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1644 @cindex bell
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1645
21007
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1646 This section describes how to make Emacs ring the bell (or blink the
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1647 screen) to attract the user's attention. Be conservative about how
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1648 often you do this; frequent bells can become irritating. Also be
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1649 careful not to use just beeping when signaling an error is more
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1650 appropriate. (@xref{Errors}.)
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1651
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1652 @defun ding &optional do-not-terminate
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1653 @cindex keyboard macro termination
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1654 This function beeps, or flashes the screen (see @code{visible-bell} below).
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1655 It also terminates any keyboard macro currently executing unless
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1656 @var{do-not-terminate} is non-@code{nil}.
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1657 @end defun
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1658
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1659 @defun beep &optional do-not-terminate
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1660 This is a synonym for @code{ding}.
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1661 @end defun
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1662
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1663 @defopt visible-bell
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1664 This variable determines whether Emacs should flash the screen to
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1665 represent a bell. Non-@code{nil} means yes, @code{nil} means no. This
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1666 is effective on a window system, and on a character-only terminal
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1667 provided the terminal's Termcap entry defines the visible bell
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1668 capability (@samp{vb}).
22252
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1669 @end defopt
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1670
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1671 @defvar ring-bell-function
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1672 @tindex ring-bell-function
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1673 If this is non-@code{nil}, it specifies how Emacs should ``ring the
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1674 bell.'' Its value should be a function of no arguments.
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1675 @end defvar
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1676
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1677 @node Window Systems
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1678 @section Window Systems
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diff changeset
1679
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1680 Emacs works with several window systems, most notably the X Window
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1681 System. Both Emacs and X use the term ``window'', but use it
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1682 differently. An Emacs frame is a single window as far as X is
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1683 concerned; the individual Emacs windows are not known to X at all.
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1684
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1685 @defvar window-system
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1686 This variable tells Lisp programs what window system Emacs is running
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1687 under. The possible values are
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1688
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1689 @table @code
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1690 @item x
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1691 @cindex X Window System
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1692 Emacs is displaying using X.
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1693 @item pc
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1694 Emacs is displaying using MSDOS.
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1695 @item w32
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1696 Emacs is displaying using Windows NT or Windows 95.
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1697 @item nil
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1698 Emacs is using a character-based terminal.
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1699 @end table
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1700 @end defvar
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1701
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1702 @defvar window-setup-hook
21007
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1703 This variable is a normal hook which Emacs runs after handling the
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1704 initialization files. Emacs runs this hook after it has completed
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1705 loading your @file{.emacs} file, the default initialization file (if
22138
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1706 any), and the terminal-specific Lisp code, and running the hook
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1707 @code{term-setup-hook}.
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1708
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1709 This hook is used for internal purposes: setting up communication with
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1710 the window system, and creating the initial window. Users should not
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diff changeset
1711 interfere with it.
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1712 @end defvar