comparison man/files.texi @ 29107:203ba1f77b7b

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29106:a0dc7fa92f5d

first slash in the double slash; the result is @samp{/x1/rms/foo}.
@xref{Minibuffer File}.

  @samp{$} in a file name is used to substitute environment variables.
For example, if you have used the shell command @samp{export
FOO=rms/hacks} to set up an environment variable named @code{FOO}, then
you can use @file{/u/$FOO/test.c} or @file{/u/$@{FOO@}/test.c} as an
abbreviation for @file{/u/rms/hacks/test.c}.  The environment variable
name consists of all the alphanumeric characters after the @samp{$};
alternatively, it may be enclosed in braces after the @samp{$}.  Note
that shell commands to set environment variables affect Emacs only if

You can set @code{version-control} locally in an individual buffer to
control the making of backups for that buffer's file.  For example,
Rmail mode locally sets @code{version-control} to @code{never} to make sure
that there is only one backup for an Rmail file.  @xref{Locals}.

@cindex @code{VERSION_CONTROL} environment variable
  If you set the environment variable @code{VERSION_CONTROL}, to tell
various GNU utilities what to do with backup files, Emacs also obeys the
environment variable by setting the Lisp variable @code{version-control}
accordingly at startup.  If the environment variable's value is @samp{t}
or @samp{numbered}, then @code{version-control} becomes @code{t}; if the
value is @samp{nil} or @samp{existing}, then @code{version-control}

  Under CVS, the default is not to use locking; anyone can change a work
file at any time.  However, there are ways to restrict this, resulting
in behavior that resembles locking.

@cindex CVSREAD environment variable (CVS)
  For one thing, you can set the @code{CVSREAD} environment variable to
an arbitrary value.  If this variable is defined, CVS makes your work
files read-only by default.  In Emacs, you must type @kbd{C-x C-q} to
make the file writeable, so that editing works in fact similar as if
locking was used.  Note however, that no actual locking is performed, so
several users can make their files writeable at the same time.  When
setting @code{CVSREAD} for the first time, make sure to check out all
your modules anew, so that the file protections are set correctly.

@cindex cvs watch feature
@cindex watching files (CVS)
  Another way to achieve something similar to locking is to use the

29107:203ba1f77b7b

first slash in the double slash; the result is @samp{/x1/rms/foo}.
@xref{Minibuffer File}.

  @samp{$} in a file name is used to substitute environment variables.
For example, if you have used the shell command @samp{export
FOO=rms/hacks} to set up an environment variable named @env{FOO}, then
you can use @file{/u/$FOO/test.c} or @file{/u/$@{FOO@}/test.c} as an
abbreviation for @file{/u/rms/hacks/test.c}.  The environment variable
name consists of all the alphanumeric characters after the @samp{$};
alternatively, it may be enclosed in braces after the @samp{$}.  Note
that shell commands to set environment variables affect Emacs only if

You can set @code{version-control} locally in an individual buffer to
control the making of backups for that buffer's file.  For example,
Rmail mode locally sets @code{version-control} to @code{never} to make sure
that there is only one backup for an Rmail file.  @xref{Locals}.

@cindex @env{VERSION_CONTROL} environment variable
  If you set the environment variable @env{VERSION_CONTROL}, to tell
various GNU utilities what to do with backup files, Emacs also obeys the
environment variable by setting the Lisp variable @code{version-control}
accordingly at startup.  If the environment variable's value is @samp{t}
or @samp{numbered}, then @code{version-control} becomes @code{t}; if the
value is @samp{nil} or @samp{existing}, then @code{version-control}

  Under CVS, the default is not to use locking; anyone can change a work
file at any time.  However, there are ways to restrict this, resulting
in behavior that resembles locking.

@cindex CVSREAD environment variable (CVS)
  For one thing, you can set the @env{CVSREAD} environment variable to
an arbitrary value.  If this variable is defined, CVS makes your work
files read-only by default.  In Emacs, you must type @kbd{C-x C-q} to
make the file writeable, so that editing works in fact similar as if
locking was used.  Note however, that no actual locking is performed, so
several users can make their files writeable at the same time.  When
setting @env{CVSREAD} for the first time, make sure to check out all
your modules anew, so that the file protections are set correctly.

@cindex cvs watch feature
@cindex watching files (CVS)
  Another way to achieve something similar to locking is to use the