comparison man/misc.texi @ 29107:203ba1f77b7b

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29106:a0dc7fa92f5d

returns the command's exit status when it is called from a Lisp program.

@vindex shell-file-name
@cindex environment
  Both @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} use @code{shell-file-name} to specify the
shell to use.  This variable is initialized based on your @code{SHELL}
environment variable when Emacs is started.  If the file name does not
specify a directory, the directories in the list @code{exec-path} are
searched; this list is initialized based on the environment variable
@code{PATH} when Emacs is started.  Your @file{.emacs} file can override
either or both of these default initializations.@refill

  Both @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} wait for the shell command to complete.
To stop waiting, type @kbd{C-g} to quit; that terminates the shell
command with the signal @code{SIGINT}---the same signal that @kbd{C-c}

shell} again to create a new buffer @samp{*shell*} with its own
subshell.  If you rename this buffer as well, you can create a third
one, and so on.  All the subshells run independently and in parallel.

@vindex explicit-shell-file-name
@cindex @code{ESHELL} environment variable
@cindex @code{SHELL} environment variable
  The file name used to load the subshell is the value of the variable
@code{explicit-shell-file-name}, if that is non-@code{nil}.  Otherwise,
the environment variable @code{ESHELL} is used, or the environment
variable @code{SHELL} if there is no @code{ESHELL}.  If the file name
specified is relative, the directories in the list @code{exec-path} are
searched; this list is initialized based on the environment variable
@code{PATH} when Emacs is started.  Your @file{.emacs} file can override
either or both of these default initializations.

  To specify a coding system for the shell, you can use the command
@kbd{C-x @key{RET} c} immediately before @kbd{M-x shell}.  You can also
specify a coding system after starting the shell by using @kbd{C-x

@findex dirtrack-mode
  You can also use @kbd{M-x dirtrack-mode} to enable (or disable) an
alternative and more aggressive method of tracking changes in the
current directory.

  Emacs defines the environment variable @code{EMACS} in the subshell,
with value @code{t}.  A shell script can check this variable to
determine whether it has been run from an Emacs subshell.

@node Shell Mode
@subsection Shell Mode

When you log in to a different machine, you need to specify the
type of terminal your using.  Terminal types @samp{ansi}
or @samp{vt100} will work on most systems.

@c   If you are talking to a Bourne-compatible
@c shell, and your system understands the @code{TERMCAP} variable,
@c you can use the command @kbd{M-x shell-send-termcap}, which
@c sends a string specifying the terminal type and size.
@c (This command is also useful after the window has changed size.)

@c You can of course run @samp{gdb} on that remote computer.  One useful

@node Emacs Server, Hardcopy, Shell, Top
@section Using Emacs as a Server
@pindex emacsclient
@cindex Emacs as a server
@cindex server, using Emacs as
@cindex @code{EDITOR} environment variable

  Various programs such as @code{mail} can invoke your choice of editor
to edit a particular piece of text, such as a message that you are
sending.  By convention, most of these programs use the environment
variable @code{EDITOR} to specify which editor to run.  If you set
@code{EDITOR} to @samp{emacs}, they invoke Emacs---but in an
inconvenient fashion, by starting a new, separate Emacs process.  This
is inconvenient because it takes time and because the new Emacs process
doesn't share the buffers in the existing Emacs process.

  You can arrange to use your existing Emacs process as the editor for
programs like @code{mail} by using the Emacs client and Emacs server
programs.  Here is how.

@cindex @code{TEXEDIT} environment variable
  First, the preparation.  Within Emacs, call the function
@code{server-start}.  (Your @file{.emacs} file can do this automatically
if you add the expression @code{(server-start)} to it.)  Then, outside
Emacs, set the @code{EDITOR} environment variable to @samp{emacsclient}.
(Note that some programs use a different environment variable; for
example, to make @TeX{} use @samp{emacsclient}, you should set the
@code{TEXEDIT} environment variable to @samp{emacsclient +%d %s}.)

@kindex C-x #
@findex server-edit
  Then, whenever any program invokes your specified @code{EDITOR}
program, the effect is to send a message to your principal Emacs telling
it to visit a file.  (That's what the program @code{emacsclient} does.)
Emacs displays the buffer immediately and you can immediately begin
editing it.

  When you've finished editing that buffer, type @kbd{C-x #}
(@code{server-edit}).  This saves the file and sends a message back to
the @code{emacsclient} program telling it to exit.  The programs that
use @code{EDITOR} wait for the ``editor'' (actually, @code{emacsclient})
to exit.  @kbd{C-x #} also checks for other pending external requests
to edit various files, and selects the next such file.

  You can switch to a server buffer manually if you wish; you don't have
to arrive at it with @kbd{C-x #}.  But @kbd{C-x #} is the only way to

29107:203ba1f77b7b

returns the command's exit status when it is called from a Lisp program.

@vindex shell-file-name
@cindex environment
  Both @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} use @code{shell-file-name} to specify the
shell to use.  This variable is initialized based on your @env{SHELL}
environment variable when Emacs is started.  If the file name does not
specify a directory, the directories in the list @code{exec-path} are
searched; this list is initialized based on the environment variable
@env{PATH} when Emacs is started.  Your @file{.emacs} file can override
either or both of these default initializations.@refill

  Both @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} wait for the shell command to complete.
To stop waiting, type @kbd{C-g} to quit; that terminates the shell
command with the signal @code{SIGINT}---the same signal that @kbd{C-c}

shell} again to create a new buffer @samp{*shell*} with its own
subshell.  If you rename this buffer as well, you can create a third
one, and so on.  All the subshells run independently and in parallel.

@vindex explicit-shell-file-name
@cindex @env{ESHELL} environment variable
@cindex @env{SHELL} environment variable
  The file name used to load the subshell is the value of the variable
@code{explicit-shell-file-name}, if that is non-@code{nil}.  Otherwise,
the environment variable @env{ESHELL} is used, or the environment
variable @env{SHELL} if there is no @env{ESHELL}.  If the file name
specified is relative, the directories in the list @code{exec-path} are
searched; this list is initialized based on the environment variable
@env{PATH} when Emacs is started.  Your @file{.emacs} file can override
either or both of these default initializations.

  To specify a coding system for the shell, you can use the command
@kbd{C-x @key{RET} c} immediately before @kbd{M-x shell}.  You can also
specify a coding system after starting the shell by using @kbd{C-x

@findex dirtrack-mode
  You can also use @kbd{M-x dirtrack-mode} to enable (or disable) an
alternative and more aggressive method of tracking changes in the
current directory.

  Emacs defines the environment variable @env{EMACS} in the subshell,
with value @code{t}.  A shell script can check this variable to
determine whether it has been run from an Emacs subshell.

@node Shell Mode
@subsection Shell Mode

When you log in to a different machine, you need to specify the
type of terminal your using.  Terminal types @samp{ansi}
or @samp{vt100} will work on most systems.

@c   If you are talking to a Bourne-compatible
@c shell, and your system understands the @env{TERMCAP} variable,
@c you can use the command @kbd{M-x shell-send-termcap}, which
@c sends a string specifying the terminal type and size.
@c (This command is also useful after the window has changed size.)

@c You can of course run @samp{gdb} on that remote computer.  One useful

@node Emacs Server, Hardcopy, Shell, Top
@section Using Emacs as a Server
@pindex emacsclient
@cindex Emacs as a server
@cindex server, using Emacs as
@cindex @env{EDITOR} environment variable

  Various programs such as @code{mail} can invoke your choice of editor
to edit a particular piece of text, such as a message that you are
sending.  By convention, most of these programs use the environment
variable @env{EDITOR} to specify which editor to run.  If you set
@env{EDITOR} to @samp{emacs}, they invoke Emacs---but in an
inconvenient fashion, by starting a new, separate Emacs process.  This
is inconvenient because it takes time and because the new Emacs process
doesn't share the buffers in the existing Emacs process.

  You can arrange to use your existing Emacs process as the editor for
programs like @code{mail} by using the Emacs client and Emacs server
programs.  Here is how.

@cindex @env{TEXEDIT} environment variable
  First, the preparation.  Within Emacs, call the function
@code{server-start}.  (Your @file{.emacs} file can do this automatically
if you add the expression @code{(server-start)} to it.)  Then, outside
Emacs, set the @env{EDITOR} environment variable to @samp{emacsclient}.
(Note that some programs use a different environment variable; for
example, to make @TeX{} use @samp{emacsclient}, you should set the
@env{TEXEDIT} environment variable to @samp{emacsclient +%d %s}.)

@kindex C-x #
@findex server-edit
  Then, whenever any program invokes your specified @env{EDITOR}
program, the effect is to send a message to your principal Emacs telling
it to visit a file.  (That's what the program @code{emacsclient} does.)
Emacs displays the buffer immediately and you can immediately begin
editing it.

  When you've finished editing that buffer, type @kbd{C-x #}
(@code{server-edit}).  This saves the file and sends a message back to
the @code{emacsclient} program telling it to exit.  The programs that
use @env{EDITOR} wait for the ``editor'' (actually, @code{emacsclient})
to exit.  @kbd{C-x #} also checks for other pending external requests
to edit various files, and selects the next such file.

  You can switch to a server buffer manually if you wish; you don't have
to arrive at it with @kbd{C-x #}.  But @kbd{C-x #} is the only way to