comparison doc/misc/org.texi @ 87836:22ad67b23797

(Property inheritance): New section (Conventions): New section. (Structure editing): Document C-RET, the prefix arg to the cut/cpy commands, and the new bindings for refiling. (Sparse trees): Document the new special command for sparse trees. (References): Be more clear about the counting of hilines. (Handling links): Document M-p/n for accessing links. (Fast access to TODO states): New section. (Per file keywords): New section. (Property inheritance): New section. (Column attributes): New summary types. (Capturing Column View): New section. (The date/time prompt): Cover the new features in the date/time prompt. Compactify the table of keys for the calendar remote control. (Clocking work time): Document the new :scope parameter. (Remember): Promoted to chapter. (Quoted examples): New section. (Enhancing text): New verbatim environments.

87835:4180a8a753f6

\input texinfo
@c %**start of header
@setfilename ../../info/org
@settitle Org Mode Manual

@set VERSION 5.07
@set DATE August 2007

@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
* Org Mode: (org).      Outline-based notes management and organizer
@end direntry

@c Version and Contact Info
@set MAINTAINERSITE @uref{http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org/,maintainers webpage}
@set AUTHOR Carsten Dominik
@set MAINTAINER Carsten Dominik
@set MAINTAINEREMAIL @email{dominik at science dot uva dot nl}
@set MAINTAINERCONTACT @uref{mailto:dominik at science dot uva dot nl,contact the maintainer}
@c %**end of header
@finalout

@c Macro definitions

@end macro

@copying
This manual is for Org-mode (version @value{VERSION}).

Copyright @copyright{} 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation

@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no

* Document structure::          A tree works like your brain
* Tables::                      Pure magic for quick formatting
* Hyperlinks::                  Notes in context
* TODO items::                  Every tree branch can be a TODO item
* Tags::                        Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags
* Properties and columns::      
* Timestamps::                  Assign date and time to items
* Agenda views::                Collecting information into views
* Embedded LaTeX::              LaTeX fragments and formulas
* Exporting::                   Sharing and publishing of notes
* Publishing::                  Create a web site of linked Org-mode files
* Miscellaneous::               All the rest which did not fit elsewhere
* Extensions and Hacking::      It is possible to write add-on code
* History and Acknowledgments::  How Org-mode came into being 
* Index::                       The fast road to specific information
* Key Index::                   Key bindings and where they are described

@detailmenu
 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---

* Summary::                     Brief summary of what Org-mode does
* Installation::                How to install a downloaded version of Org-mode
* Activation::                  How to activate Org-mode for certain buffers.
* Feedback::                    Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.

Document Structure

* Outlines::                    Org-mode is based on outline-mode
* Headlines::                   How to typeset org-tree headlines

* Handling links::              Creating, inserting and following
* Using links outside Org-mode::  Linking from my C source code?
* Link abbreviations::          Shortcuts for writing complex links
* Search options::              Linking to a specific location
* Custom searches::             When the default search is not enough
* Remember::                    Org-trees store quick notes

Internal links

* Radio targets::               Make targets trigger links in plain text.

Remember

* Setting up remember::         Some code for .emacs to get things going
* Remember templates::          Define the outline of different note types
* Storing notes::               Directly get the note to where it belongs

TODO items

* TODO basics::                 Marking and displaying TODO entries
* TODO extensions::             Workflow and assignments
* Priorities::                  Some things are more important than others
* Breaking down tasks::         Splitting a task into manageable pieces
* Checkboxes::                  Tick-off lists

Extended use of TODO keywords

* Workflow states::             From TODO to DONE in steps
* TODO types::                  I do this, Fred the rest
* Multiple sets in one file::   Mixing it all, and still finding your way
* Per file keywords::           Different files, different requirements

Tags

* Tag inheritance::             Tags use the tree structure of the outline
* Setting tags::                How to assign tags to a headline
* Tag searches::                Searching for combinations of tags

Properties and Columns

* Property syntax::             How properties are spelled out
* Special properties::          Access to other Org-mode features
* Property searches::           Matching property values
* Column view::                 Tabular viewing and editing
* Property API::                Properties for Lisp programmers

Column View

* Defining columns::            The COLUMNS format property
* Using column view::           How to create and use column view

Defining Columns

* Scope of column definitions::  Where defined, where valid?
* Column attributes::           Appearance and content of a column

Timestamps

* Time stamps::                 Assigning a time to a tree entry
* Creating timestamps::         Commands which insert timestamps
* Deadlines and scheduling::    Planning your work
* Progress logging::            Documenting when what work was done.

Creating timestamps

* The date/time prompt::        How org-mode helps you entering date and time
* Custom time format::          Making dates look differently

Deadlines and Scheduling

* Inserting deadline/schedule::  Planning items
* Repeated tasks::              Items that show up again and again

Progress Logging

* Closing items::               When was this entry marked DONE?
* Tracking TODO state changes::  When did the status change?
* Clocking work time::          When exactly did you work on this item?

Agenda Views

* Agenda files::                Files being searched for agenda information
* Agenda dispatcher::           Keyboard access to agenda views

LaTeX export

* LaTeX export commands::       How to invoke LaTeX export
* Quoting LaTeX code::          Incorporating literal LaTeX code

Text interpretation by the exporter

* Comment lines::               Some lines will not be exported
* Initial text::                Text before the first headline
* Footnotes::                   Numbers like [1]
* Enhancing text::              Subscripts, symbols and more
* Export options::              How to influence the export settings

Publishing

* Tables in arbitrary syntax::  Orgtbl for LaTeX and other programs
* Dynamic blocks::              Automatically filled blocks
* Special agenda views::        Customized views
* Using the property API::      Writing programs that use entry properties

Tables in arbitrary syntax

* Radio tables::                Sending and receiving
* A LaTeX example::             Step by step, almost a tutorial
* Translator functions::        Copy and modify

@end detailmenu
@end menu

@node Introduction, Document structure, Top, Top

@menu
* Summary::                     Brief summary of what Org-mode does
* Installation::                How to install a downloaded version of Org-mode
* Activation::                  How to activate Org-mode for certain buffers.
* Feedback::                    Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
@end menu

@node Summary, Installation, Introduction, Introduction
@section Summary
@cindex summary

time stamps, and scheduling.  It dynamically compiles entries into an
agenda that utilizes and smoothly integrates much of the Emacs calendar
and diary.  Plain text URL-like links connect to websites, emails,
Usenet messages, BBDB entries, and any files related to the projects.
For printing and sharing of notes, an Org-mode file can be exported as a
structured ASCII file, as HTML, or (todo and agenda items only) as an
iCalendar file.  It can also serve as a publishing tool for a set of
linked webpages.

An important design aspect that distinguishes Org-mode from for example
Planner/Muse is that it encourages to store every piece of information

@r{@bullet{} ASCII table editor with spreadsheet-like capabilities}
@r{@bullet{} TODO list editor}
@r{@bullet{} full agenda and planner with deadlines and work scheduling}
@r{@bullet{} environment to implement David Allen's GTD system}
@r{@bullet{} a basic database application}
@r{@bullet{} simple hypertext system, with HTML export}
@r{@bullet{} publishing tool to create a set of interlinked webpages}
@end example

Org-mode's automatic, context sensitive table editor with spreadsheet
capabilities can be integrated into any major mode by activating the

@cindex FAQ
There is a website for Org-mode which provides links to the newest
version of Org-mode, as well as additional information, frequently asked
questions (FAQ), links to tutorials etc.  This page is located at
@uref{http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org/}.

@page


@node Installation, Activation, Summary, Introduction

@noindent which will select Org-mode for this buffer no matter what
the file's name is.  See also the variable
@code{org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file}.

@node Feedback,  , Activation, Introduction
@section Feedback
@cindex feedback
@cindex bug reports
@cindex maintainer
@cindex author

@item
When you hit the error, a @file{*Backtrace*} buffer will appear on the
screen.  Save this buffer to a file (for example using @kbd{C-x C-w}) and
attach it to your bug report.
@end enumerate

@node Document structure, Tables, Introduction, Top
@chapter Document Structure
@cindex document structure
@cindex structure of document

Show all.
@kindex C-c C-r
@item C-c C-r
Reveal context around point, showing the current entry, the following
heading and the hierarchy above.  Useful for working near a location
exposed by a sparse tree command (@pxref{Sparse trees}) or an agenda
command (@pxref{Agenda commands}).  With prefix arg show, on each
level, all sibling headings.
@kindex C-c C-x b
@item C-c C-x b
Show the current subtree in an indirect buffer@footnote{The indirect
buffer

headline, the new headline is created before the current line.  If at
the beginning of any other line, the content of that line is made the
new heading.  If the command is used at the end of a folded subtree
(i.e. behind the ellipses at the end of a headline), then a headline
like the current one will be inserted after the end of the subtree.
@kindex M-S-@key{RET}
@item M-S-@key{RET}
Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading.
@kindex M-@key{left}
@item M-@key{left}

@kindex C-c C-x C-w
@kindex C-c C-x C-k
@item C-c C-x C-w
@itemx C-c C-x C-k
Kill subtree, i.e. remove it from buffer but save in kill ring.
@kindex C-c C-x M-w
@item C-c C-x M-w
Copy subtree to kill ring.
@kindex C-c C-x C-y
@item C-c C-x C-y
Yank subtree from kill ring.  This does modify the level of the subtree to
make sure the tree fits in nicely at the yank position.  The yank
level can also be specified with a prefix arg, or by yanking after a
headline marker like @samp{****}.
@kindex C-c ^
@item C-c ^
Sort same-level entries.  When there is an active region, all entries in
the region will be sorted.  Otherwise the children of the current
headline are sorted.  The command prompts for the sorting method, which
can be alphabetically, numerically, by time (using the first time stamp
in each entry), by priority, and each of these in reverse order.  With a
@kbd{C-u} prefix, sorting will be case-sensitive.  With two @kbd{C-u
C-u} prefixes, duplicate entries will also be removed.
@end table

@cindex region, active

The default archive location is a file in the same directory as the
current file, with the name derived by appending @file{_archive} to the
current file name.  For information and examples on how to change this,
see the documentation string of the variable
@code{org-archive-location}.  There is also an in-buffer option for
setting this variable, for example

@example
#+ARCHIVE: %s_done::
@end example

@noindent
You may have several such lines in the buffer, they will then be valid
for the entries following the line (the first will also apply to any
text before it).

@node Sparse trees, Plain lists, Archiving, Document structure
@section Sparse trees
@cindex sparse trees
@cindex trees, sparse
@cindex folding, sparse trees
@cindex occur, command

An important feature of Org-mode is the ability to construct
@emph{sparse trees} for selected information in an outline tree.  A
sparse tree means that the entire document is folded as much as
possible, but the selected information is made visible along with the
headline structure above it@footnote{See also the variables
@code{org-show-hierarchy-above}, @code{org-show-following-heading}, and
@code{org-show-siblings} for detailed control on how much context is
shown around each match.}.  Just try it out and you will see immediately
how it works.

Org-mode contains several commands creating such trees.  The most
basic one is @command{org-occur}:

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c /
@item C-c /
Occur.  Prompts for a regexp and shows a sparse tree with all matches.
If the match is in a headline, the headline is made visible.  If the
match is in the body of an entry, headline and body are made visible.
In order to provide minimal context, also the full hierarchy of
headlines above the match is shown, as well as the headline following
the match.  Each match is also highlighted; the highlights disappear
when the buffer is changed by an editing command, or by pressing
@kbd{C-c C-c}.  When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, previous
highlights are kept, so several calls to this command can be stacked.
@end table
@noindent
For frequently used sparse trees of specific search strings, you can
use the variable @code{org-agenda-custom-commands} to define fast
keyboard access to specific sparse trees.  These commands will then be
accessible through the agenda dispatcher (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).

@end lisp

@noindent will define the key @kbd{C-c a f} as a shortcut for creating
a sparse tree matching the string @samp{FIXME}.

Other commands use sparse trees as well.  For example @kbd{C-c
C-v} creates a sparse TODO tree (@pxref{TODO basics}).

@kindex C-c C-e v
@cindex printing sparse trees
@cindex visible text, printing
To print a sparse tree, you can use the Emacs command

@cindex ordered lists

Within an entry of the outline tree, hand-formatted lists can provide
additional structure.  They also provide a way to create lists of
checkboxes (@pxref{Checkboxes}).  Org-mode supports editing such lists,
and the HTML exporter (@pxref{Exporting}) does parse and format them.

Org-mode knows ordered and unordered lists.  Unordered list items start
with @samp{-}, @samp{+}, or @samp{*}@footnote{When using @samp{*} as a
bullet, lines must be indented or they will be seen as top-level
headlines.  Also, when you are hiding leading stars to get a clean
outline view, plain list items starting with a star are visually
indistinguishable from true headlines.  In short: even though @samp{*}
is supported, it may be better not to use it for plain list items.} as
bullets.  Ordered list items start with @samp{1.} or @samp{1)}.  Items
belonging to the same list must have the same indentation on the first
line.  In particular, if an ordered list reaches number @samp{10.}, then
the 2--digit numbers must be written left-aligned with the other numbers
in the list.  Indentation also determines the end of a list item.  It
ends before the next line that is indented like the bullet/number, or

would imply a different hierarchy.  To use the new hierarchy, break
the command chain with a cursor motion or so.
@kindex C-c C-c
@item C-c C-c
If there is a checkbox (@pxref{Checkboxes}) in the item line, toggle the
state of the checkbox.  If not, make this command makes sure that all
the items on this list level use the same bullet.  Furthermore, if this
is an ordered list, make sure the numbering is ok.
@kindex C-c -
@item C-c -
Cycle the entire list level through the different itemize/enumerate
bullets (@samp{-}, @samp{+}, @samp{*}, @samp{1.}, @samp{1)}).
With prefix arg, select the nth bullet from this list.

@cindex drawers
@cindex visibility cycling, drawers

Sometimes you want to keep information associated with an entry, but you
normally don't want to see it.  For this, Org-mode has @emph{drawers}.
Drawers need to be configured with the variable @code{org-drawers}, and
look like this:

@example
** This is a headline
   Still outside the drawer

@node Tables, Hyperlinks, Document structure, Top
@chapter Tables
@cindex tables
@cindex editing tables

Org-mode has a very fast and intuitive table editor built-in.
Spreadsheet-like calculations are supported in connection with the
Emacs @file{calc} package.

@menu
* Built-in table editor::       Simple tables
* Narrow columns::              Stop wasting space in tables   
* Column groups::               Grouping to trigger vertical lines

@tsubheading{Creation and conversion}
@kindex C-c |
@item C-c |
Convert the active region to table. If every line contains at least one
TAB character, the function assumes that the material is tab separated.
If not, lines are split at whitespace into fields.  You can use a prefix
argument to indicate the minimum number of consecutive spaces required
to identify a field separator (default: just one).@* 
If there is no active region, this command creates an empty Org-mode
table.  But it's easier just to start typing, like
@kbd{|Name|Phone|Age @key{RET} |- @key{TAB}}.

@tsubheading{Re-aligning and field motion}

Edit the current field in a separate window.  This is useful for fields
that are not fully visible (@pxref{Narrow columns}).  When called with a
@kbd{C-u} prefix, just make the full field visible, so that it can be
edited in place.
@c
@kindex C-c @key{TAB}
@item C-c @key{TAB}
This is an alias for @kbd{C-u C-c `} to make the current field fully
visible.
@c
@item M-x org-table-import
Import a file as a table.  The table should be TAB- or whitespace
separated.  Useful, for example, to import an Excel table or data from a
database, because these programs generally can write TAB-separated text
files.  This command works by inserting the file into the buffer and
then converting the region to a table.  Any prefix argument is passed on
to the converter, which uses it to determine the separator.
@item C-c |
Tables can also be imported by pasting tabular text into the org-mode
buffer, selecting the pasted text with @kbd{C-x C-x} and then using the
@kbd{C-c |} command (see above under @i{Creation and conversion}.
@c
@item M-x org-table-export
Export the table as a TAB-separated file.  Useful for data exchange with,
for example, Excel or database programs.
@end table

If you don't like the automatic table editor because it gets in your
way on lines which you would like to start with @samp{|}, you can turn
it off with

The row specification only counts data lines and ignores horizontal
separator lines (hlines).  You can use absolute row numbers
@samp{1}...@samp{N}, and row numbers relative to the current row like
@samp{+3} or @samp{-1}.  Or specify the row relative to one of the
hlines: @samp{I} refers to the first hline, @samp{II} to the second etc.
@samp{-I} refers to the first such line above the current line,
@samp{+I} to the first such line below the current line.  You can also
write @samp{III+2} which is the second data line after the third hline
in the table.  Relative row numbers like @samp{-3} will not cross hlines
if the current line is too close to the hline.  Instead, the value
directly at the hline is used.

@samp{0} refers to the current row and column.  Also, if you omit
either the column or the row part of the reference, the current
row/column is implied. 

#+CONSTANTS: c=299792458. pi=3.14 eps=2.4e-6
@end example

@noindent
Also properties (@pxref{Properties and columns}) can be used as
constants in table formulas: For a property @samp{:XYZ:} use the name
@samp{$PROP_XYZ}, and the property will be searched in the current
outline entry and in the hierarchy above it.  If you have the
@file{constants.el} package, it will also be used to resolve constants,
including natural constants like @samp{$h} for Planck's constant, and
units like @samp{$km} for kilometers@footnote{@file{Constant.el} can
supply the values of constants in two different unit systems, @code{SI}

@node Hyperlinks, TODO items, Tables, Top
@chapter Hyperlinks
@cindex hyperlinks

Just like HTML, Org-mode provides links inside a file, and external
links to other files, Usenet articles, emails, and much more.

@menu
* Link format::                 How links in Org-mode are formatted
* Internal links::              Links to other places in the current file
* External links::              URL-like links to the world
* Handling links::              Creating, inserting and following
* Using links outside Org-mode::  Linking from my C source code?
* Link abbreviations::          Shortcuts for writing complex links
* Search options::              Linking to a specific location
* Custom searches::             When the default search is not enough
* Remember::                    Org-trees store quick notes
@end menu

@node Link format, Internal links, Hyperlinks, Hyperlinks
@section Link format
@cindex link format

@item C-c C-l
Insert a link.  This prompts for a link to be inserted into the buffer.
You can just type a link, using text for an internal link, or one of the
link type prefixes mentioned in the examples above.  All links stored
during the current session are part of the history for this prompt, so
you can access them with @key{up} and @key{down}.  Completion, on the
other hand, will help you to insert valid link prefixes like
@samp{http:} or @samp{ftp:}, including the prefixes defined through link
abbreviations (@pxref{Link abbreviations}).  The link will be inserted
into the buffer@footnote{After insertion of a stored link, the link will
be removed from the list of stored links.  To keep it in the list later
use, use a triple @kbd{C-u} prefix to @kbd{C-c C-l}, or configure the
option @code{org-keep-stored-link-after-insertion}.}, along with a
descriptive text.  If some text was selected when this command is
called, the selected text becomes the default description.@* Note that
you don't have to use this command to insert a link.  Links in Org-mode
are plain text, and you can type or paste them straight into the buffer.
By using this command, the links are automatically enclosed in double
brackets, and you will be asked for the optional descriptive text.
@c
@c  If the link is a @samp{file:} link and
@c the linked file is located in the same directory as the current file or
@c a subdirectory of it, the path of the file will be inserted relative to
@c the current directory.

As a degenerate case, a file link with an empty file name can be used
to search the current file.  For example, @code{[[file:::find me]]} does
a search for @samp{find me} in the current file, just as
@samp{[[find me]]} would.

@node Custom searches, Remember, Search options, Hyperlinks
@section Custom Searches
@cindex custom search strings
@cindex search strings, custom

The default mechanism for creating search strings and for doing the

for Bib@TeX{} database files, and you can use the corresponding code as
an implementation example.  Search for @samp{BibTeX links} in the source
file.


@node Remember,  , Custom searches, Hyperlinks
@section Remember
@cindex @file{remember.el}

Another way to create org entries with links to other files is through
the @i{remember} package by John Wiegley.  @i{Remember} lets you store
quick notes with little interruption of your work flow.  See
@uref{http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/RememberMode} for more
information.  The notes produced by @i{Remember} can be stored in
different ways, and Org-mode files are a good target.  Org-mode
significantly expands the possibilities of @i{remember}: You may define
templates for different note types, and to associate target files and
headlines with specific templates.  It also allows you to select the
location where a note should be stored interactively, on the fly.

@menu
* Setting up remember::         Some code for .emacs to get things going
* Remember templates::          Define the outline of different note types
* Storing notes::               Directly get the note to where it belongs
@end menu

@node Setting up remember, Remember templates, Remember, Remember
@subsection Setting up remember

The following customization will tell @i{remember} to use org files as
target, and to create annotations compatible with Org-mode links.

@example
(setq org-directory "~/path/to/my/orgfiles/")
(setq org-default-notes-file "~/.notes")
(setq remember-annotation-functions '(org-remember-annotation))
(setq remember-handler-functions '(org-remember-handler))
(add-hook 'remember-mode-hook 'org-remember-apply-template)
@end example

@node Remember templates, Storing notes, Setting up remember, Remember
@subsection Remember templates
@cindex templates, for remember

In combination with Org-mode, you can use templates to generate
different types of @i{remember} notes.  For example, if you would like
to use one template to create general TODO entries, another one for
journal entries, and a third one for collecting random ideas, you could
use:

@example
(setq org-remember-templates
 '((?t "* TODO %?\n  %i\n  %a" "~/org/TODO.org")
   (?j "* %U %?\n\n  %i\n  %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org")
   (?i "* %^@{Title@}\n  %i\n  %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org" "New Ideas")))
@end example

@noindent In these entries, the character specifies how to select the
template.  The first string specifies the template.  Two more (optional)
strings give the file in which, and the headline under which the new
note should be stored.  The file defaults (if not present or @code{nil})
to @code{org-default-notes-file}, the heading to
@code{org-remember-default-headline}.  Both defaults help to get to the
storing location quickly, but you can change the location interactively
while storing the note.

When you call @kbd{M-x remember} (or @kbd{M-x org-remember}) to remember
something, org will prompt for a key to select the template (if you have
more than one template) and then prepare the buffer like
@example
* TODO
  [[file:link to where you called remember]]
@end example

@noindent or

@example
* [2006-03-21 Tue 15:37]

  [[file:link to where you called remember]]
@end example

@noindent
During expansion of the template, special @kbd{%}-escapes allow dynamic
insertion of content:
@example
%^@{prompt@}  @r{prompt the user for a string and replace this sequence with it.}
%t          @r{time stamp, date only}
%T          @r{time stamp with date and time}
%u, %U      @r{like the above, but inactive time stamps}
%^t         @r{like @code{%t}, but prompt for date.  Similarly @code{%^T}, @code{%^u}, @code{%^U}}
            @r{You may define a prompt like @code{%^@{Birthday@}t}}
%n          @r{user name (taken from @code{user-full-name})}
%a          @r{annotation, normally the link created with @code{org-store-link}}
%i          @r{initial content, the region when remember is called with C-u.}
            @r{The entire text will be indented like @code{%i} itself.}
%^g         @r{prompt for tags, with completion on tags in target file.}
%^G         @r{prompt for tags, with completion all tags in all agenda files.}
%:keyword   @r{specific information for certain link types, see below}
@end example

@noindent
For specific link types, the following keywords will be defined:

@example
Link type          |  Available keywords
-------------------+----------------------------------------------
bbdb               |  %:name %:company
vm, wl, mh, rmail  |  %:type %:subject %:message-id
                   |  %:from %:fromname %:fromaddress
                   |  %:to   %:toname   %:toaddress
                   |  %:fromto @r{(either "to NAME" or "from NAME")@footnote{This will always be the other, not the user.  See the variable @code{org-from-is-user-regexp}.}}       
gnus               |  %:group, @r{for messages also all email fields}
w3, w3m            |  %:url
info               |  %:file %:node
calendar           |  %:date"
@end example

@noindent
To place the cursor after template expansion use:

@example
%?          @r{After completing the template, position cursor here.}
@end example

@noindent
If you change you mind about which template to use, call
@code{org-remember} in the remember buffer.  You may then select a new
template that will be filled with the previous context information.

@node Storing notes,  , Remember templates, Remember
@subsection Storing notes

When you are finished preparing a note with @i{remember}, you have to press
@kbd{C-c C-c} to file the note away.  The handler first prompts for a
target file - if you press @key{RET}, the value specified for the
template is used.  Then the command offers the headings tree of the
selected file, with the cursor position at the default headline (if you
had specified one in the template).  You can either immediately press
@key{RET} to get the note placed there.  Or you can use the following
keys to find a better location:
@example
@key{TAB}         @r{Cycle visibility.}
@key{down} / @key{up}   @r{Next/previous visible headline.}
n / p        @r{Next/previous visible headline.}
f / b        @r{Next/previous headline same level.}
u            @r{One level up.}
@c 0-9          @r{Digit argument.}
@end example
@noindent
Pressing @key{RET} or @key{left} or @key{right}
then leads to the following result.

@multitable @columnfractions 0.2 0.15 0.65
@item @b{Cursor position} @tab @b{Key} @tab @b{Note gets inserted}
@item buffer-start @tab @key{RET} @tab as level 2 heading at end of file
@item on headline @tab @key{RET} @tab as sublevel of the heading at cursor
@item             @tab @key{left}/@key{right} @tab as same level, before/after current heading
@item not on headline @tab @key{RET}
      @tab at cursor position, level taken from context.
@end multitable

So a fast way to store the note to its default location is to press
@kbd{C-c C-c @key{RET} @key{RET}}.  Even shorter would be @kbd{C-u C-c
C-c}, which does the same without even asking for a file or showing the
tree.

Before inserting the text into a tree, the function ensures that the
text has a headline, i.e. a first line that starts with a @samp{*}.
If not, a headline is constructed from the current date and some
additional data.  If the variable @code{org-adapt-indentation} is
non-nil, the entire text is also indented so that it starts in the
same column as the headline (after the asterisks).


@node TODO items, Tags, Hyperlinks, Top
@chapter TODO items
@cindex TODO items

Org-mode does not maintain TODO lists as a separate document.  TODO
items are an integral part of the notes file, because TODO items
usually come up while taking notes!  With Org-mode, you simply mark
any entry in a tree as being a TODO item.  In this way, the
information is not duplicated, and the entire context from which the
item emerged is always present when you check.

Of course, this technique causes TODO items to be scattered throughout
your file.  Org-mode provides methods to give you an overview over all
things you have to do.

@menu
* TODO basics::                 Marking and displaying TODO entries
* TODO extensions::             Workflow and assignments
* Priorities::                  Some things are more important than others
* Breaking down tasks::         Splitting a task into manageable pieces
* Checkboxes::                  Tick-off lists
@end menu

@node TODO basics, TODO extensions, TODO items, TODO items
@section Basic TODO functionality

Any headline can become a TODO item by starting it with the word TODO,
for example:

@example
*** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune
@end example

'--------------------------------'
@end example

The same rotation can also be done ``remotely'' from the timeline and
agenda buffers with the @kbd{t} command key (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
@kindex S-@key{right}
@kindex S-@key{left}
@item S-@key{right}
@itemx S-@key{left}
Select the following/preceding TODO state, similar to cycling.  Mostly
useful if more than two TODO states are possible (@pxref{TODO
extensions}).
@kindex C-c C-c
@item C-c C-c
Use the fast tag interface to quickly and directly select a specific
TODO state.  For this you need to assign keys to TODO state, like this:
@example
#+SEQ_TODO: TODO(t) STARTED(s) WAITING(w) | DONE(d)
@end example
@noindent See @ref{Per file keywords} and @ref{Setting tags} for more
information.
@kindex C-c C-v
@cindex sparse tree, for TODO
@item C-c C-v
View TODO items in a @emph{sparse tree} (@pxref{Sparse trees}).  Folds
the entire buffer, but shows all TODO items and the headings hierarchy
above them.  With prefix arg, search for a specific TODO.  You will be
prompted for the keyword, and you can also give a list of keywords like
@code{kwd1|kwd2|...}.  With numerical prefix N, show the tree for the
Nth keyword in the variable @code{org-todo-keywords}.  With two prefix
args, find all TODO and DONE entries.
@kindex C-c a t
@item C-c a t
Show the global TODO list.  This collects the TODO items from all
agenda files (@pxref{Agenda views}) into a single buffer.  The buffer is in
@code{agenda-mode}, so there are commands to examine and manipulate
the TODO entries directly from that buffer (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
@xref{Global TODO list}, for more information.
@kindex S-M-@key{RET}
@item S-M-@key{RET}
Insert a new TODO entry below the current one.
@end table

@node TODO extensions, Priorities, TODO basics, TODO items
@section Extended use of TODO keywords
@cindex extended TODO keywords

The default implementation of TODO entries is just two states: TODO and
DONE.  You can use the TODO feature for more complicated things by
configuring the variable @code{org-todo-keywords}.  With special setup,
the TODO keyword system can work differently in different files.

Note that @i{tags} are another way to classify headlines in general and
TODO items in particular (@pxref{Tags}).

@menu
* Workflow states::             From TODO to DONE in steps
* TODO types::                  I do this, Fred the rest
* Multiple sets in one file::   Mixing it all, and still finding your way
* Per file keywords::           Different files, different requirements
@end menu

@node Workflow states, TODO types, TODO extensions, TODO extensions
@subsection TODO keywords as workflow states
@cindex TODO workflow

to @kbd{C-c C-v}.  For example, to see all things Lucy has to do, you
would use @kbd{C-3 C-c C-v}.  To collect Lucy's items from all agenda
files into a single buffer, you would use the prefix arg as well when
creating the global todo list: @kbd{C-3 C-c t}.

@node Multiple sets in one file, Per file keywords, TODO types, TODO extensions
@subsection Multiple keyword sets in one file
@cindex todo keyword sets

Sometimes you may want to use different sets of TODO keywords in
parallel.  For example, you may want to have the basic

@kbd{S-@key{<left>}} and @kbd{S-@key{<right>}} and walk through
@emph{all} keywords from all sets, so for example @kbd{S-@key{<right>}}
would switch from @code{DONE} to @code{REPORT} in the example above.
@end table

@node Per file keywords,  , Multiple sets in one file, TODO extensions
@subsection Setting up keywords for individual files
@cindex keyword options
@cindex per file keywords

It can be very useful to use different aspects of the TODO mechanism in
different files.  For file-local settings, you need to add special lines
to the file which set the keywords and interpretation for that file
only.  For example, to set one of the two examples discussed above, you

known to Org-mode@footnote{Org-mode parses these lines only when
Org-mode is activated after visiting a file.  @kbd{C-c C-c} with the
cursor in a line starting with @samp{#+} is simply restarting Org-mode
for the current buffer.}.

@node Priorities, Breaking down tasks, TODO extensions, TODO items
@section Priorities
@cindex priorities

If you use Org-mode extensively to organize your work, you may end up
with a number of TODO entries so large that you'd like to prioritize
them.  This can be done by placing a @emph{priority cookie} into the
headline, like this

@example
*** TODO [#A] Write letter to Sam Fortune
@end example

@noindent
With its standard setup, Org-mode supports priorities @samp{A},
@samp{B}, and @samp{C}.  @samp{A} is the highest priority.  An entry
without a cookie is treated as priority @samp{B}.  Priorities make a
difference only in the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}).

@table @kbd
@kindex @kbd{C-c ,}
@item @kbd{C-c ,}
Set the priority of the current headline.  The command prompts for a

@c
@kindex S-@key{up}
@kindex S-@key{down}
@item S-@key{up}
@itemx S-@key{down}
Increase/decrease priority of current headline.  Note that these keys
are also used to modify time stamps (@pxref{Creating timestamps}).
Furthermore, these keys are also used by CUA-mode (@pxref{Conflicts}).
@end table

You can change the range of allowed priorities by setting the variables
@code{org-highest-priority}, @code{org-lowest-priority}, and

@node Checkboxes,  , Breaking down tasks, TODO items
@section Checkboxes
@cindex checkboxes

Every item in a plain list (@pxref{Plain lists}) can be made a checkbox
by starting it with the string @samp{[ ]}.  This feature is similar to
TODO items (@pxref{TODO items}), but more lightweight.  Checkboxes are
not included into the global TODO list, so they are often great to split
a task into a number of simple steps.  Or you can use them in a shopping
list.  To toggle a checkbox, use @kbd{C-c C-c}, or try Piotr Zielinski's
@file{org-mouse.el}.  Here is an example of a checkbox list.

@example
* TODO Organize party [3/6]
  - call people [1/3]
    - [ ] Peter

@end example

@cindex statistics, for checkboxes
@cindex checkbox statistics
The @samp{[3/6]} and @samp{[1/3]} in the first and second line are
cookies indicating how many checkboxes are present in this entry, and
how many of them have been checked off.  This can give you an idea on
how many checkboxes remain, even without opening a folded entry.  The
cookies can be placed into a headline or into (the first line of) a
plain list item. Each cookie covers all checkboxes structurally below
that headline/item.  You have to insert the cookie yourself by typing
either @samp{[/]} or @samp{[%]}.  In the first case you get an @samp{n
out of m} result, in the second case you get information about the
percentage of checkboxes checked (in the above example, this would be
@samp{[50%]} and @samp{[33%], respectively}).

@noindent The following commands work with checkboxes:

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-c

with @kbd{C-c C-c} and make new ones with @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}}.  If you
delete boxes or add/change them by hand, use this command to get things
back into synch.  Or simply toggle any checkbox twice with @kbd{C-c C-c}.
@end table


@node Tags, Properties and columns, TODO items, Top
@chapter Tags
@cindex tags
@cindex headline tagging
@cindex matching, tags
@cindex sparse tree, tag based

If you wish to implement a system of labels and contexts for
cross-correlating information, an excellent way is to assign @i{tags} to
headlines.  Org-mode has extensive support for using tags.

Every headline can contain a list of tags, at the end of the headline.
Tags are normal words containing letters, numbers, @samp{_}, and
@samp{@@}.  Tags must be preceded and followed by a single colon; like
@samp{:WORK:}.  Several tags can be specified like @samp{:WORK:URGENT:}.

@menu
* Tag inheritance::             Tags use the tree structure of the outline
* Setting tags::                How to assign tags to a headline
* Tag searches::                Searching for combinations of tags
@end menu

@node Tag inheritance, Setting tags, Tags, Tags
@section Tag inheritance
@cindex inheritance, of tags
@cindex sublevels, inclusion into tags match

@i{Tags} make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees.  If a
heading has a certain tag, all subheadings will inherit the tag as
well.  For example, in the list

@example
* Meeting with the French group      :WORK:
** Summary by Frank                  :BOSS:NOTES:
*** TODO Prepare slides for him      :ACTION:
@end example

@noindent
the final heading will have the tags @samp{:WORK:}, @samp{:BOSS:},
@samp{:NOTES:}, and @samp{:ACTION:}.  When executing tag searches and
Org-mode finds that a certain headline matches the search criterion, it
will not check any sublevel headline, assuming that these likely also
match, and that the list of matches can become very long.  This may
not be what you want, however, and you can influence inheritance and
searching using the variables @code{org-use-tag-inheritance} and
@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}.

@node Setting tags, Tag searches, Tag inheritance, Tags
@section Setting tags
@cindex setting tags
@cindex tags, setting

currently used in the buffer.  You may also globally specify a hard list
of tags with the variable @code{org-tag-alist}.  Finally you can set
the default tags for a given file with lines like

@example
#+TAGS: @@WORK @@HOME @@TENNISCLUB
#+TAGS: Laptop Car PC Sailboat
@end example

If you have globally defined your preferred set of tags using the
variable @code{org-tag-alist}, but would like to use a dynamic tag list
in a specific file: Just add an empty TAGS option line to that file:

@example
#+TAGS:
@end example

selection}.  This method allows to select and deselect tags with a
single key per tag.  To function efficiently, you should assign unique
keys to most tags.  This can be done globally with

@lisp
(setq org-tag-alist '(("@@WORK" . ?w) ("@@HOME" . ?h) ("Laptop" . ?l)))
@end lisp

@noindent or on a per-file basis with

@example
#+TAGS: @@WORK(w)  @@HOME(h)  @@TENNISCLUB(t)  Laptop(l)  PC(p)
@end example

@noindent
You can also group together tags that are mutually exclusive.  With
curly braces@footnote{In @code{org-mode-alist} use
@code{'(:startgroup)} and @code{'(:endgroup)}, respectively.  Several
groups are allowed.}

@example
#+TAGS: @{ @@WORK(w)  @@HOME(h)  @@TENNISCLUB(t) @}  Laptop(l)  PC(p)
@end example

@noindent you indicate that at most one of @samp{@@WORK}, @samp{@@HOME},
and @samp{@@TENNISCLUB} should be selected.

@noindent Don't forget to press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in one of
these lines to activate any changes.

If at least one tag has a selection key, pressing @kbd{C-c C-c} will

selection window.
@end table

@noindent
This method lets you assign tags to a headline with very few keys.  With
the above setup, you could clear the current tags and set @samp{@@HOME},
@samp{Laptop} and @samp{PC} tags with just the following keys: @kbd{C-c
C-c @key{SPC} h l p @key{RET}}.  Switching from @samp{@@HOME} to
@samp{@@WORK} would be done with @kbd{C-c C-c w @key{RET}} or
alternatively with @kbd{C-c C-c C-c w}.  Adding the non-predefined tag
@samp{Sarah} could be done with @kbd{C-c C-c @key{TAB} S a r a h
@key{RET} @key{RET}}.

If you find that most of the time, you need only a single keypress to

@node Tag searches,  , Setting tags, Tags
@section Tag searches
@cindex tag searches
@cindex searching for tags

Once a tags system has been set up, it can be used to collect related
information into special lists.

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c \
@item C-c \
Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search.  With a
@kbd{C-u} prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not a TODO line.
@kindex C-c a m
@item C-c a m
Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files.

by @samp{-}, to select against it, and @samp{+} is syntactic sugar for
positive selection.  The AND operator @samp{&} is optional when @samp{+}
or @samp{-} is present.  Examples:

@table @samp
@item +WORK-BOSS
Select headlines tagged @samp{:WORK:}, but discard those also tagged
@samp{:BOSS:}.
@item WORK|LAPTOP
Selects lines tagged @samp{:WORK:} or @samp{:LAPTOP:}.
@item WORK|LAPTOP&NIGHT
Like before, but require the @samp{:LAPTOP:} lines to be tagged also
@samp{NIGHT}.
@end table

@cindex TODO keyword matching, with tags search
If you are using multi-state TODO keywords (@pxref{TODO extensions}), it
can be useful to also match on the TODO keyword.  This can be done by

lines are checked that actually have any TODO keyword, use @kbd{C-c a
M}, or equivalently start the todo part after the slash with @samp{!}.
Examples:

@table @samp
@item WORK/WAITING
Select @samp{:WORK:}-tagged TODO lines with the specific TODO
keyword @samp{WAITING}.
@item WORK/!-WAITING-NEXT
Select @samp{:WORK:}-tagged TODO lines that are neither @samp{WAITING}
nor @samp{NEXT}
@item WORK/+WAITING|+NEXT
Select @samp{:WORK:}-tagged TODO lines that are either @samp{WAITING} or
@samp{NEXT}.
@end table

@cindex regular expressions, with tags search
Any element of the tag/todo match can be a regular expression - in this
case it must be enclosed in curly braces.  For example,
@samp{WORK+@{^BOSS.*@}} matches headlines that contain the tag
@samp{WORK} and any tag @i{starting} with @samp{BOSS}.

@cindex level, require for tags match
You can also require a headline to be of a certain level, by writing
instead of any TAG an expression like @samp{LEVEL=3}.  For example, a
search @samp{+LEVEL=3+BOSS/-DONE} lists all level three headlines that
have the tag BOSS and are @emph{not} marked with the todo keyword DONE.

@node Properties and columns, Timestamps, Tags, Top
@chapter Properties and Columns
@cindex properties

Properties are a set of key-value pairs associated with an entry.  There
are two main applications for properties in Org-mode.  First, properties
are like tags, but with a value.  For example, in a file where you
document bugs and plan releases of a piece of software, instead of using
tags like @code{:release_1:}, @code{:release_2:}, it can be more
efficient to use a property @code{RELEASE} with a value @code{1.0} or
@code{2.0}.  Second, you can use properties to implement (very basic)
database capabilities in an Org-mode buffer, for example to create a
list of Music CD's you own.  You can edit and view properties
conveniently in column view (@pxref{Column view}).

@menu
* Property syntax::             How properties are spelled out
* Special properties::          Access to other Org-mode features
* Property searches::           Matching property values
* Column view::                 Tabular viewing and editing
* Property API::                Properties for Lisp programmers
@end menu

@node Property syntax, Special properties, Properties and columns, Properties and columns

    :Publisher: Deutsche Grammphon
    :NDisks:    1
    :END:       
@end example

You may define the allowed values for a particular property @samp{XYZ}
by setting a property @samp{XYZ_ALL}.  This special property is
@emph{inherited}, so if you set it in a level 1 entry, it will apply to
the entire tree.  When allowed values are defined, setting the
corresponding property becomes easier and is less prone to typing
errors.  For the example with the CD collection, we can predefine
publishers and the number of disks in a box like this:

@table @kbd
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
@item M-@key{TAB}
After an initial colon in a line, complete property keys.  All keys used
in the current file will be offered as possible completions.
@item M-x org-insert-property-drawer
Insert a property drawer into the current entry.  The drawer will be
inserted early in the entry, but after the lines with planning
information like deadlines.
@kindex C-c C-c

Switch property at point to the next/previous allowed value.
@item C-c C-c d
Remove a property from the current entry.
@item C-c C-c D
Globally remove a property, from all entries in the current file.
@end table

@node Special properties, Property searches, Property syntax, Properties and columns
@section Special Properties
@cindex properties, special

Special properties provide alternative access method to Org-mode
features discussed in the previous chapters, like the TODO state or the
priority of an entry.  This interface exists so that you can include
these states into columns view (@pxref{Column view}).  The following
property names are special and should not be used as keys in the
properties drawer:

@example
TODO         @r{The TODO keyword of the entry.}
TAGS         @r{The tags defined directly in the headline.}
ALLTAGS      @r{All tags, including inherited ones.}
PRIORITY     @r{The priority of the entry, a string with a single letter.}
DEADLINE     @r{The deadline time string, without the angular brackets.}
SCHEDULED    @r{The scheduling time stamp, without the angular brackets.}
@end example

@node Property searches, Column view, Special properties, Properties and columns
@section Property searches
@cindex properties, searching

To create sparse trees and special lists with selection based on
properties, the same commands are used as for tag searches (@pxref{Tag
searches}), and the same logic applies.  For example, a search string

@example
+WORK-BOSS+PRIORITY="A"+coffee="unlimited"+with=@{Sarah\|Denny@}
@end example

@noindent
finds entries tagged @samp{:WORK:} but not @samp{:BOSS:}, which
also have a priority value @samp{A}, a @samp{:coffee:} property with the
value @samp{unlimited}, and a @samp{:with:} property that is matched by
the regular expression @samp{Sarah\|Denny}.

@node Column view, Property API, Property searches, Properties and columns
@section Column View

A great way to view and edit properties in an outline tree is
@emph{column view}.  In column view, each outline item is turned into a
table row.  Columns in this table provide access to properties of the

queries have collected selected items, possibly from a number of files.

@menu
* Defining columns::            The COLUMNS format property
* Using column view::           How to create and use column view
@end menu

@node Defining columns, Using column view, Column view, Column view
@subsection Defining Columns
@cindex column view, for properties

@example
#+COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO
@end example

To specify a format that only applies to a specific tree, add a COLUMNS
property to the top node of that tree, for example
@example
** Top node for columns view
   :PROPERTIES:
   :COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO
   :END:
@end example

If a @code{COLUMNS} property is present in an entry, it defines columns
for the entry itself, and for the entire subtree below it.  Since the
column definition is part of the hierarchical structure of the document,
you can define columns on level 1 that are general enough for all
sublevels, and more specific columns further down, when you edit a
deeper part of the tree.

(title)         @r{The header text for the column. If omitted, the}
                @r{property name is used.}
@{summary-type@}  @r{The summary type.  If specified, the column values for}
                @r{parent nodes are computed from the children.}
                @r{Supported summary types are:}
                @{+@}  @r{Sum numbers in this column.}
                @{:@}  @r{Sum times, HH:MM:SS, plain numbers are hours.}
                @{X@}  @r{Checkbox status, [X] if all children are [X].}
@end example

@noindent
Here is an example for a complete columns definition, along with allowed
values.

@example
:COLUMNS:  %20ITEM %9Approved(Approved?)@{X@} %Owner %11Status %10Time_Spent@{:@}
:Owner_ALL:    Tammy Mark Karl Lisa Don
:Status_ALL:   "In progress" "Not started yet" "Finished" ""
:Approved_ALL: "[ ]" "[X]"
@end example

@samp{Status} with four different possible values, and for a checkbox
field @samp{Approved}.  When no width is given after the @samp{%}
character, the column will be exactly as wide as it needs to be in order
to fully display all values.  The @samp{Approved} column does have a
modified title (@samp{Approved?}, with a question mark).  Summaries will
be created for the @samp{Time_Spent} column by adding time duration
expressions like HH:MM, and for the @samp{Approved} column, by providing
an @samp{[X]} status if all children have been checked.

@node Using column view,  , Defining columns, Column view
@subsection Using Column View

@table @kbd
@tsubheading{Turning column view on and off}
@kindex C-c C-x C-c
@item C-c C-x C-c
Create the column view for the local environment.  This command searches
the hierarchy, up from point, for a @code{COLUMNS} property that defines
a format.  When one is found, the column view table is established for
the entire tree, starting from the entry that contains the @code{COLUMNS}
property.  If none is found, the format is taken from the @code{#+COLUMNS}
line or from the variable @code{org-columns-default-format}, and column
view is established for the current entry and its subtree.
@kindex q
@item q

@item e
Edit the property at point.  For the special properties, this will
invoke the same interface that you normally use to change that
property.  For example, when editing a TAGS property, the tag completion
or fast selection interface will pop up.
@kindex v
@item v
View the full value of this property.  This is useful if the width of
the column is smaller than that of the value.
@kindex a

@kindex S-M-@key{left}
@item S-M-@key{left}
Delete the current column.
@end table

@node Property API,  , Column view, Properties and columns
@section The Property API
@cindex properties, API
@cindex API, for properties

There is a full API for accessing and changing properties.  This API can
be used by Emacs Lisp programs to work with properties and to implement
features based on them.  For more information see @ref{Using the
property API}.

@node Timestamps, Agenda views, Properties and columns, Top
@chapter Timestamps
@cindex time stamps
@cindex date stamps

Items can be labeled with timestamps to make them useful for project
planning.

@menu
* Time stamps::                 Assigning a time to a tree entry
* Creating timestamps::         Commands which insert timestamps
* Deadlines and scheduling::    Planning your work
* Progress logging::            Documenting when what work was done.
@end menu


@node Time stamps, Creating timestamps, Timestamps, Timestamps
@section Time stamps, deadlines and scheduling
@cindex time stamps
@cindex ranges, time
@cindex date stamps
@cindex deadlines
@cindex scheduling

A time stamp is a specification of a date (possibly with time or a range
of times) in a special format, either @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue>} or
@samp{<2003-09-16 Tue 09:39>} or @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue
12:00-12:30>}@footnote{This is the standard ISO date/time format.  If
you cannot get used to these, see @ref{Custom time format}}.  A time
stamp can appear anywhere in the headline or body of an org-tree entry.
Its presence causes entries to be shown on specific dates in the agenda
(@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}).  We distinguish:

@table @var
@item Plain time stamp
@cindex timestamp
A simple time stamp just assigns a date/time to an item.  This is just
like writing down an appointment in a paper agenda, or like writing down
an event in a diary, when you want to take note of when something
happened.  In the timeline and agenda displays, the headline of an entry
associated with a plain time stamp will be shown exactly on that date.

@example
* Meet Peter at the movies <2006-11-01 Wed 19:15>
* Discussion on climate change <2006-11-02 Thu 20:00-22:00>
@end example

* Gillian comes late for the fifth time [2006-11-01 Wed]
@end example

@end table

@node Creating timestamps, Deadlines and scheduling, Time stamps, Timestamps
@section Creating timestamps
@cindex creating timestamps
@cindex timestamps, creating

For Org-mode to recognize time stamps, they need to be in the specific

@node The date/time prompt, Custom time format, Creating timestamps, Creating timestamps
@subsection The date/time prompt
@cindex date, reading in minibuffer
@cindex time, reading in minibuffer

When Org-mode prompts for a date/time, the prompt suggests to enter an
ISO date.  But it will in fact accept any string containing some date
and/or time information.  You can, for example, use @kbd{C-y} to paste a
(possibly multi-line) string copied from an email message.  Org-mode
will find whatever information is in there and will replace anything not
specified with the current date and time.  For example:

@example
  3-2-5         --> 2003-02-05
  feb 15        --> currentyear-02-15
  sep 12 9      --> 2009-09-12
  12:45         --> today 12:45
  22 sept 0:34  --> currentyear-09-22 0:34
  12            --> currentyear-currentmonth-12
  Fri           --> nearest Friday (today or later)
  +4            --> 4 days from now (if +N is the only thing given)
@end example

The function understands English month and weekday abbreviations.  If
you want to use unabbreviated names and/or other languages, configure
the variables @code{parse-time-months} and @code{parse-time-weekdays}.

prompt, either by clicking on a date in the calendar, or by pressing
@key{RET}, the date selected in the calendar will be combined with the
information entered at the prompt.  You can control the calendar fully
from the minibuffer:

@table @kbd
@kindex <
@item <
Scroll calendar backwards by one month.
@kindex >
@item >
Scroll calendar forwards by one month.
@kindex mouse-1
@item mouse-1
Select date by clicking on it.
@kindex S-@key{right}
@item S-@key{right}
One day forward.
@kindex S-@key{left}
@item S-@key{left}
One day back.
@kindex S-@key{down}
@item S-@key{down}
One week forward.
@kindex S-@key{up}
@item S-@key{up}
One week back.
@kindex M-S-@key{right}
@item M-S-@key{right}
One month forward.
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
@item M-S-@key{left}
One month back.
@kindex @key{RET}
@item @key{RET}
Choose date in calendar (only if nothing was typed into minibuffer).
@end table

@node Custom time format,  , The date/time prompt, Creating timestamps
@subsection Custom time format
@cindex custom date/time format
@cindex time format, custom

using dates in tables, table alignment will be messed up.  If the custom
format is shorter, things do work as expected.
@end itemize


@node Deadlines and scheduling, Progress logging, Creating timestamps, Timestamps
@section Deadlines and Scheduling

A time stamp may be preceded by special keywords to facilitate planning
of work:

@table @var
@item DEADLINE
@cindex DEADLINE keyword
The task (most likely a TODO item) is supposed to be finished on that
date, and it will be listed then.  In addition, the compilation for
@emph{today} will carry a warning about the approaching or missed
deadline, starting @code{org-deadline-warning-days} before the due date,
and continuing until the entry is marked DONE.  An example:

@example
*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide
    The editor in charge is [[bbdb:Ford Prefect]]
    DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun>

deadlines using the following syntax.  Here is an example with a warning
period of 5 days @code{DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun -5d>}.

@item SCHEDULED
@cindex SCHEDULED keyword
You are planning to start working on that task on the given date. The
headline will be listed under the given date@footnote{It will still be
listed on that date after it has been marked DONE.  If you don't like
this, set the variable @code{org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done}.}.  In
addition, a reminder that the scheduled date has passed will be present
in the compilation for @emph{today}, until the entry is marked DONE.
I.e., the task will automatically be forwarded until completed.

@example
*** TODO Call Trillian for a date on New Years Eve.
    SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat>
@end example
@end table

@menu
* Inserting deadline/schedule::  Planning items
* Repeated tasks::              Items that show up again and again
@end menu

@table @kbd
@c
@kindex C-c C-d
@item C-c C-d
Insert @samp{DEADLINE} keyword along with a stamp.  The insertion will
happen in the line directly following the headline.
@c FIXME Any CLOSED timestamp will be removed.????????
@c
@kindex C-c C-w
@cindex sparse tree, for deadlines
@item C-c C-w
Create a sparse tree with all deadlines that are either past-due, or
which will become due within @code{org-deadline-warning-days}.
With @kbd{C-u} prefix, show all deadlines in the file.  With a numeric
prefix, check that many days.  For example, @kbd{C-1 C-c C-w} shows
all deadlines due tomorrow.
@c
@kindex C-c C-s
@item C-c C-s
Insert @samp{SCHEDULED} keyword along with a stamp.  The insertion will
happen in the line directly following the headline.  Any CLOSED
timestamp will be removed.
@end table

@node Repeated tasks,  , Inserting deadline/schedule, Deadlines and scheduling
@subsection Repeated Tasks

Some tasks need to be repeated again and again, and Org-mode therefore
allows to use a repeater in a DEADLINE or SCHEDULED time stamp, for
example:
@example
** TODO Pay the rent
   DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m>
@end example

Deadlines and scheduled items produce entries in the agenda when they
are over-due, so it is important to be able to mark such an entry as
completed once you have done so.  When you mark a DEADLINE or a SCHEDULE
with the todo keyword DONE, it will no longer produce entries in the

@example
** TODO Pay the rent
   DEADLINE: <2005-11-01 Tue +1m>
@end example

You will also be prompted for a note that will be put under the DEADLINE
line to keep a record that you actually acted on the previous instance
of this deadline.

As a consequence of shifting the base date, this entry will no longer be
visible in the agenda when checking past dates, but all future instances
will be visible.

You may have both scheduling and deadline information for a specific
task - just make sure that the repeater intervals on both are the same.

@node Progress logging,  , Deadlines and scheduling, Timestamps
@section Progress Logging
@cindex progress logging
@cindex logging, of progress

Org-mode can automatically record a time stamp when you mark a TODO item
as DONE, or even each time when you change the state of a TODO item.
You can also measure precisely the time you spent on specific items in a
project by starting and stopping a clock when you start and stop working
on an aspect of a project.

@menu
* Closing items::               When was this entry marked DONE?
* Tracking TODO state changes::  When did the status change?
* Clocking work time::          When exactly did you work on this item?
@end menu

@node Closing items, Tracking TODO state changes, Progress logging, Progress logging
@subsection Closing items

If you want to keep track of @emph{when} a certain TODO item was
finished, turn on logging with@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer
setting is: @code{#+STARTUP: logdone}}

@lisp
(setq org-log-done t)
@end lisp

@noindent
Then each time you turn a TODO entry into DONE using either @kbd{C-c
C-t} in the Org-mode buffer or @kbd{t} in the agenda buffer, a line
@samp{CLOSED: [timestamp]} will be inserted just after the headline.  If
you turn the entry back into a TODO item through further state cycling,
that line will be removed again.  In the timeline (@pxref{Timeline}) and
in the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}), you can then use the
@kbd{l} key to display the TODO items closed on each day, giving you an
overview of what has been done on a day.  If you want to record a note
along with the timestamp, use@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer
setting is: @code{#+STARTUP: lognotedone}}

@lisp
(setq org-log-done '(done))
@end lisp

@node Tracking TODO state changes, Clocking work time, Closing items, Progress logging
@subsection Tracking TODO state changes

When TODO keywords are used as workflow states (@pxref{Workflow
states}), you might want to keep track of when a state change occurred,
and you may even want to attach notes to that state change.  With the
setting

@lisp
(setq org-log-done '(state))
@end lisp

@noindent
each state change will prompt you for a note that will be attached to
the current headline.  Very likely you do not want this verbose tracking
all the time, so it is probably better to configure this behavior with
in-buffer options.  For example, if you are tracking purchases, put
these into a separate file that starts with:

@example
#+SEQ_TODO: TODO ORDERED INVOICE PAYED RECEIVED SENT
#+STARTUP: lognotestate
@end example


@node Clocking work time,  , Tracking TODO state changes, Progress logging
@subsection Clocking work time

Org-mode allows you to clock the time you spent on specific tasks in a
project.  When you start working on an item, you can start the clock.
When you stop working on that task, or when you mark the task done, the
clock is stopped and the corresponding time interval is recorded.  It

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-x C-i
@item C-c C-x C-i
Start the clock on the current item (clock-in).  This inserts the CLOCK
keyword together with a timestamp.
@kindex C-c C-x C-o
@item C-c C-x C-o
Stop the clock (clock-out).  The inserts another timestamp at the same
location where the clock was last started.  It also directly computes
the resulting time in inserts it after the time range as @samp{=>

if it is running in this same item.
@kindex C-c C-x C-x
@item C-c C-x C-x
Cancel the current clock.  This is useful if a clock was started by
mistake, or if you ended up working on something else.
@kindex C-c C-x C-d
@item C-c C-x C-d
Display time summaries for each subtree in the current buffer.  This
puts overlays at the end of each headline, showing the total time
recorded under that heading, including the time of any subheadings. You

when you change the buffer (see variable
@code{org-remove-highlights-with-change}) or press @kbd{C-c C-c}.
@kindex C-c C-x C-r
@item C-c C-x C-r
Insert a dynamic block (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}) containing a clock
report as an org-mode table into the current file.
@example
#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :emphasize nil

#+END: clocktable
@end example
@noindent
If such a block already exists, its content is replaced by the new
table.  The @samp{BEGIN} line can specify options:
@example
:maxlevels   @r{Maximum level depth to which times are listed in the table.}
:emphasize   @r{When @code{t}, emphasize level one and level two items}
:block       @r{The time block to consider.  This block is specified relative}
             @r{to the current time and may be any of these keywords:}
             @r{@code{today}, @code{yesterday}, @code{thisweek}, @code{lastweek},}
             @r{@code{thismonth}, @code{lastmonth}, @code{thisyear}, or @code{lastyear}}.
:tstart      @r{A time string specifying when to start considering times}
:tend        @r{A time string specifying when to stop considering times}
@end example
So to get a clock summary for the current day, you could write
@example
#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :block today

#+END: clocktable
@end example
and to use a specific time range you could write@footnote{Note that all
parameters must be specified in a single line - the line is broken here

#+BEGIN: clocktable :tstart "<2006-08-10 Thu 10:00>" 
                    :tend "<2006-08-10 Thu 12:00>"

#+END: clocktable
@end example
@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-u
@item C-u C-c C-x C-u
Update all dynamic blocks (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}).  This is useful if
you have several clocktable blocks in a buffer.
@end table

The @kbd{l} key may be used in the timeline (@pxref{Timeline}) and in
the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}) to show which tasks have been
worked on or closed during a day.

@node Agenda views, Embedded LaTeX, Timestamps, Top
@chapter Agenda Views
@cindex agenda views

Due to the way Org-mode works, TODO items, time-stamped items, and
tagged headlines can be scattered throughout a file or even a number of
files.  To get an overview over open action items, or over events that
are important for a particular date, this information must be collected,
sorted and displayed in an organized way.

Org-mode can select items based on various criteria, and display them
in a separate buffer.  Six different view types are provided:

@node Agenda files, Agenda dispatcher, Agenda views, Agenda views
@section Agenda files
@cindex agenda files
@cindex files for agenda

The information to be shown is collected from all @emph{agenda files},
the files listed in the variable @code{org-agenda-files}@footnote{If the
value of that variable is not a list, but a single file name, then the
list of agenda files will be maintained in that external file.}.  Thus even
if you only work with a single Org-mode file, this file should be put
into that list@footnote{When using the dispatcher, pressing @kbd{1}
before selecting a command will actually limit the command to the
current file, and ignore @code{org-agenda-files} until the next
dispatcher command.}.  You can customize @code{org-agenda-files}, but
the easiest way to maintain it is through the following commands

@cindex files, adding to agenda list
@table @kbd

@end table

@noindent
The Org menu contains the current list of files and can be used
to visit any of them.

@node Agenda dispatcher, Built-in agenda views, Agenda files, Agenda views
@section The agenda dispatcher
@cindex agenda dispatcher
@cindex dispatching agenda commands

tags and properties}).
@item L
Create the timeline view for the current buffer (@pxref{Timeline}).
@item # @r{/} !
Create a list of stuck projects (@pxref{Stuck projects}).
@item 1
Restrict an agenda command to the current buffer.  After pressing
@kbd{1}, you still need to press the character selecting the command.
@item 0
If there is an active region, restrict the following agenda command to
the region.  Otherwise, restrict it to the current subtree.  After
pressing @kbd{0}, you still need to press the character selecting the
command.
@end table

You can also define custom commands that will be accessible through the
dispatcher, just like the default commands.  This includes the
possibility to create extended agenda buffers that contain several

@table @kbd
@cindex org-agenda, command
@kindex C-c a a
@item C-c a a
Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of org files.  The
agenda shows the entries for each day.  With a @kbd{C-u} prefix (or
when the variable @code{org-agenda-include-all-todo} is @code{t}), all
unfinished TODO items (including those without a date) are also listed at
the beginning of the buffer, before the first date.@*
@end table

Remote editing from the agenda buffer means, for example, that you can
change the dates of deadlines and appointments from the agenda buffer.
The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in @ref{Agenda

%%(org-calendar-holiday)   ; special function for holiday names
#+CATEGORY: Ann
%%(diary-anniversary 14  5 1956) Arthur Dent is %d years old
%%(diary-anniversary  2 10 1869) Mahatma Gandhi would be %d years old
@end example

@node Global TODO list, Matching tags and properties, Weekly/Daily agenda, Built-in agenda views
@subsection The global TODO list
@cindex global TODO list
@cindex TODO list, global

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c a m
@item C-c a m
Produce a list of all headlines that match a given set of tags.  The
command prompts for a selection criterion, which is a boolean logic
expression with tags, like @samp{+WORK+URGENT-WITHBOSS} or
@samp{WORK|HOME} (@pxref{Tags}).  If you often need a specific search,
define a custom command for it (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).
@kindex C-c a M
@item C-c a M
Like @kbd{C-c a m}, but only select headlines that are also TODO items
and force checking subitems (see variable

@subsection Categories

@cindex category
The category is a broad label assigned to each agenda item.  By default,
the category is simply derived from the file name, but you can also
specify it with a special line in the buffer, like this:

@example
#+CATEGORY: Thesis
@end example

If there are several such lines in a file, each specifies the category
for the text below it (but the first category also applies to any text
before the first CATEGORY line).  The display in the agenda buffer looks
best if the category is not longer than 10 characters.

@node Time-of-day specifications, Sorting of agenda items, Categories, Presentation and sorting
@subsection Time-of-Day Specifications
@cindex time-of-day specification

@table @kbd
@tsubheading{Motion}
@cindex motion commands in agenda
@kindex n
@item n
Next line (same as @key{up}).
@kindex p
@item p
Previous line (same as @key{down}).
@tsubheading{View/GoTo org file}
@kindex mouse-3
@kindex @key{SPC}
@item mouse-3
@itemx @key{SPC}

S-@key{right}.  When the buffer is the global todo list, a prefix
argument is interpreted to create a selective list for a specific TODO
keyword.
@c
@kindex s
@item s
Save all Org-mode buffers in the current Emacs session.
@c
@kindex @key{right}
@item @key{right}
Display the following @code{org-agenda-ndays} days.  For example, if

Show all tags associated with the current item.  Because of
inheritance, this may be more than the tags listed in the line itself.
@c
@kindex :
@item :
Set tags for the current headline.
@c
@kindex a
@item a
Toggle the ARCHIVE tag for the current headline.
@c

@c
@kindex X
@item X
Cancel the currently running clock.

@tsubheading{Calendar commands}
@cindex calendar commands, from agenda
@kindex c
@item c
Open the Emacs calendar and move to the date at the agenda cursor.

@lisp
@group
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("w" todo "WAITING")
        ("W" todo-tree "WAITING")
        ("u" tags "+BOSS-URGENT")
        ("v" tags-todo "+BOSS-URGENT")
        ("U" tags-tree "+BOSS-URGENT")
        ("f" occur-tree "\\<FIXME\\>")))
@end group
@end lisp

@noindent
The initial single-character string in each entry defines the character
you have to press after the dispatcher command @kbd{C-c a} in order to
access the command.   The second parameter is the search type, followed
by the string or regular expression to be used for the matching.  The
example above will therefore define:

@table @kbd
@item C-c a w
as a global search for TODO entries with @samp{WAITING} as the TODO
keyword
@item C-c a W
as the same search, but only in the current buffer and displaying the
results as a sparse tree
@item C-c a u
as a global tags search for headlines marked @samp{:BOSS:} but not
@samp{:URGENT:}
@item C-c a v
as the same search as @kbd{C-c a u}, but limiting the search to
headlines that are also TODO items
@item C-c a U
as the same search as @kbd{C-c a u}, but only in the current buffer and
displaying the result as a sparse tree
@item C-c a f
to create a sparse tree (again: current buffer only) with all entries
containing the word @samp{FIXME}.
@end table

@node Block agenda, Setting Options, Storing searches, Custom agenda views
@subsection Block agenda
@cindex block agenda

@lisp
@group
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
         ((agenda)
          (tags-todo "HOME")
          (tags "GARDEN")))
        ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
         ((agenda)
          (tags-todo "WORK")
          (tags "OFFICE")))))
@end group
@end lisp

@noindent
This will define @kbd{C-c a h} to create a multi-block view for stuff
you need to attend to at home.  The resulting agenda buffer will contain
your agenda for the current week, all TODO items that carry the tag
@samp{HOME}, and also all lines tagged with @samp{GARDEN}.  Finally the
command @kbd{C-c a o} provides a similar view for office tasks.


@node Setting Options, Exporting Agenda Views, Block agenda, Custom agenda views
@subsection Setting Options for custom commands

@group
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("w" todo "WAITING"
         ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down))
          (org-agenda-prefix-format "  Mixed: ")))
        ("U" tags-tree "+BOSS-URGENT"
         ((org-show-following-heading nil)
          (org-show-hierarchy-above nil)))))
@end group
@end lisp

@noindent
Now the @kbd{C-c a w} command will sort the collected entries only by
priority, and the prefix format is modified to just say @samp{  Mixed:}
instead of giving the category of the entry.  The sparse tags tree of
@kbd{C-c a U} will now turn out ultra-compact, because neither the
headline hierarchy above the match, nor the headline following the match
will be shown.

@lisp
@group
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
         ((agenda)
          (tags-todo "HOME")
          (tags "GARDEN"
                ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-up)))))
         ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down))))
        ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
         ((agenda)
          (tags-todo "WORK")
          (tags "OFFICE")))))
@end group
@end lisp

As you see, the values and parenthesis setting is a little complex.
When in doubt, use the customize interface to set this variable - it

(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("X" agenda "" nil ("agenda.html" "agenda.ps"))
        ("Y" alltodo "" nil ("todo.html" "todo.txt" "todo.ps"))
        ("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
         ((agenda)
          (tags-todo "HOME")
          (tags "GARDEN"))
         nil
         ("~/views/home.html"))
        ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
         ((agenda)
          (tags-todo "WORK")
          (tags "OFFICE"))
         nil
         ("~/views/office.ps"))))
@end group
@end lisp

@noindent
or, if you need to modify some parameters
@example
emacs -eval '(org-batch-store-agenda-views                      \
              org-agenda-ndays 30                               \
              org-agenda-include-diary nil                      \
              org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))'  \
      -kill
@end example
@noindent

Export as ASCII file.  For an org file @file{myfile.org}, the ASCII file
will be @file{myfile.txt}.  The file will be overwritten without
warning.  If there is an active region, only the region will be
exported. If the selected region is a single tree, the tree head will
become the document title.  If the tree head entry has or inherits an
EXPORT_FILE_NAME property, that name will be used for the export.
@kindex C-c C-e v a
@item C-c C-e v a
Export only the visible part of the document.
@end table

Export as HTML file @file{myfile.html}.  For an org file
@file{myfile.org}, the ASCII file will be @file{myfile.html}.  The file
will be overwritten without warning.  If there is an active region, only
the region will be exported. If the selected region is a single tree,
the tree head will become the document title.  If the tree head entry
has or inherits an EXPORT_FILE_NAME property, that name will be used for
the export.
@kindex C-c C-e b
@item C-c C-e b
Export as HTML file and immediately open it with a browser.
@kindex C-c C-e H
@item C-c C-e H
Export to a temporary buffer, do not create a file.
@kindex C-c C-e R
@item C-c C-e H
Export the active region to a temporary buffer.  With prefix arg, do not
produce file header and foot, but just the plain HTML section for the
region.  This is good for cut-and-paste operations.
@kindex C-c C-e v h
@kindex C-c C-e v b

Org-mode contains a La@TeX{} exporter written by Bastien Guerry.

@menu
* LaTeX export commands::       How to invoke LaTeX export
* Quoting LaTeX code::          Incorporating literal LaTeX code
@end menu

@node LaTeX export commands, Quoting LaTeX code, LaTeX export, LaTeX export
@subsection LaTeX export commands

@end example

@noindent
creates two levels of headings and does the rest as items.

@node Quoting LaTeX code,  , LaTeX export commands, LaTeX export
@subsection Quoting LaTeX code

Embedded La@TeX{} as described in @ref{Embedded LaTeX} will be correctly
inserted into the La@TeX{} file.  Forthermore, you can add special code
that should only be present in La@TeX{} export with the following

@example
#+BEGIN_LaTeX
All lines between these markers are exported literally
#+END_LaTeX
@end example
@node XOXO export, iCalendar export, LaTeX export, Exporting
@section XOXO export
@cindex XOXO export

Org-mode contains an exporter that produces XOXO-style output.

Create a single large iCalendar file from all files in
@code{org-agenda-files} and write it to the file given by
@code{org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file}.
@end table

How this calendar is best read and updated, depends on the application
you are using.  The FAQ covers this issue.


@node Text interpretation,  , iCalendar export, Exporting

@menu
* Comment lines::               Some lines will not be exported
* Initial text::                Text before the first headline
* Footnotes::                   Numbers like [1]
* Enhancing text::              Subscripts, symbols and more
* Export options::              How to influence the export settings
@end menu

@node Comment lines, Initial text, Text interpretation, Text interpretation

#+TEXT: We place the table of contents here:
#+TEXT: [TABLE-OF-CONTENTS]
#+TEXT: This goes between the table of contents and the first headline
@end example

@node Footnotes, Enhancing text, Initial text, Text interpretation
@subsection Footnotes
@cindex footnotes
@cindex @file{footnote.el}

Numbers in square brackets are treated as footnotes, so that you can use

@example
The org-mode homepage[1] clearly needs help from
a good web designer.

[1] The link is: http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org
@end example

@noindent
@kindex C-c !
Note that the @file{footnote} package uses @kbd{C-c !} to invoke its

@code{footnote-prefix} to switch footnotes commands to another key.  Or,
if you are too used to this binding, you could use
@code{org-replace-disputed-keys} and @code{org-disputed-keys} to change
the settings in Org-mode.

@node Enhancing text, Export options, Footnotes, Text interpretation
@subsection Enhancing text for export
@cindex enhancing text
@cindex richer text

Some of the export backends of Org-mode allow for sophisticated text
formatting, this is true in particular for the HTML and La@TeX{}
backends. Org-mode has a number of typing conventions that allow to
produce a richly formatted output.

@itemize @bullet

@cindex hand-formatted lists

backend supports lists.  See @xref{Plain lists}.

@cindex underlined text
@cindex bold text
@cindex italic text
@item
You can make words @b{*bold*}, @i{/italic/}, _underlined_,
@code{=code=}, and even @samp{+strikethrough+}@footnote{but remember
that strikethrough is typographically evil and should @i{never} be
used.}.

@cindex horizontal rules, in exported files
@item
A line consisting of only dashes, and at least 5 of them, will be
exported as a horizontal line (@samp{<hr/>} in HTML).

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c :
@item C-c :
Toggle fixed-width for entry (QUOTE) or region, see below.
@end table

@cindex linebreak, forced
@item 
A double backslash @emph{at the end of a line} enforces a line break at
this position.
@end itemize

If these conversions conflict with your habits of typing ASCII text,
they can all be turned off with corresponding variables.  See the
customization group @code{org-export-general}, and the following section

@end table

@example
#+TITLE:     the title to be shown (default is the buffer name)
#+AUTHOR:    the author (default taken from @code{user-full-name})
#+EMAIL:     his/her email address (default from @code{user-mail-address})
#+LANGUAGE:  language for HTML, e.g. @samp{en} (@code{org-export-default-language})
#+TEXT:      Some descriptive text to be inserted at the beginning.
#+TEXT:      Several lines may be given.
#+OPTIONS:   H:2 num:t toc:t \n:nil @@:t ::t |:t ^:t f:t TeX:t ...

@cindex quoted HTML tags
@cindex fixed-width sections
@cindex tables
@cindex @TeX{}-like syntax for sub- and superscripts
@cindex footnotes
@cindex emphasized text
@cindex @TeX{} macros
@cindex La@TeX{} fragments
@cindex author info, in export
@cindex time info, in export

::         @r{turn on/off fixed-width sections}
|:         @r{turn on/off tables}
^:         @r{turn on/off @TeX{}-like syntax for sub- and superscripts.  If}
           @r{you write "^:@{@}", @code{a_@{b@}} will be interpreted, but}
           @r{the simple @code{a_b} will be left as it is.}
f:         @r{turn on/off foototes like this[1].}
*:         @r{turn on/off emphasized text (bold, italic, underlined)}
TeX:       @r{turn on/off simple @TeX{} macros in plain text}
LaTeX:     @r{turn on/off La@TeX{} fragments}
skip:      @r{turn on/off skipping the text before the first heading}
author:    @r{turn on/off inclusion of author name/email into exported file}
timestamp: @r{turn on/off inclusion creation time into exported file}
@end example

These options take effect in both the HTML and La@TeX{} export, except
for @code{TeX} and @code{LaTeX}, which are respectively @code{t} and
@code{nil} for the La@TeX{} export.

one variable, called @code{org-publish-project-alist}.
Each element of the list configures one project, and may be in one of
the two following forms:

@lisp
("project-name"  :property value :property value ...)

@r{or} 
 
("project-name"  :components ("project-name" "project-name" ...))

@end lisp

In both cases, projects are configured by specifying property values.
A project defines the set of files that will be published, as well as

@item @code{:section-numbers}       @tab @code{org-export-with-section-numbers}
@item @code{:table-of-contents}     @tab @code{org-export-with-toc}
@item @code{:archived-trees}        @tab @code{org-export-with-archived-trees}
@item @code{:emphasize}             @tab @code{org-export-with-emphasize}
@item @code{:sub-superscript}       @tab @code{org-export-with-sub-superscripts}
@item @code{:TeX-macros}            @tab @code{org-export-with-TeX-macros}
@item @code{:LaTeX-fragments}       @tab @code{org-export-with-LaTeX-fragments}
@item @code{:fixed-width}           @tab @code{org-export-with-fixed-width}
@item @code{:timestamps}           .@tab @code{org-export-with-timestamps}
@item @code{:tags}                 .@tab @code{org-export-with-tags}

@item @code{:auto-postamble}        @tab @code{org-export-html-auto-postamble}
@item @code{:author}                @tab @code{user-full-name}
@item @code{:email}                 @tab @code{user-mail-address}
@end multitable

Most of the @code{org-export-with-*} variables have the same effect in
both HTML and La@TeX{} exporters, except for @code{:TeX-macros} and
@code{:LaTeX-fragments}, respectively @code{nil} and @code{t} in the
La@TeX{} export.

When a property is given a value in org-publish-project-alist, its
setting overrides the value of the corresponding user variable (if any)
during publishing.  Options set within a file (@pxref{Export
options}), however, override everything.

@node Publishing links, Project page index, Publishing options, Configuration
@subsection Links between published files
@cindex links, publishing

pages of your "org web" project and the links will work as expected when
you publish them to HTML.

You may also link to related files, such as images. Provided you are
careful with relative pathnames, and provided you have also configured
org-publish to upload the related files, these links will work
too. @ref{Complex example} for an example of this usage.

Sometime an Org-mode file to be published may contain links that are
only valid in your production environment, but not in the publishing
location.  In this case, use the property 

This line sets the category for the agenda file.  The category applies
for all subsequent lines until the next @samp{#+CATEGORY} line, or the
end of the file.  The first such line also applies to any entries before it.
@item #+COLUMNS: %25ITEM .....
Set the default format for columns view.  This format applies when
columns view is invoked in location where no COLUMNS property applies.
@item #+CONSTANTS: name1=value1 ...
Set file-local values for constants to be used in table formulas.  This
line set the local variable @code{org-table-formula-constants-local}.
The global version of theis variable is
@code{org-table-formula-constants}.
corresponding 
@item #+LINK:  linkword replace
These lines (several are allowed) specify link abbreviations.
@xref{Link abbreviations}.  The corresponding variable is
@code{org-link-abbrev-alist}.
@item #+PRIORITIES: highest lowest default

@cindex @code{noalign}, STARTUP keyword
@example
align      @r{align all tables}
noalign    @r{don't align tables on startup}
@end example
Logging TODO state changes and clock intervals (variable
@code{org-log-done}) can be configured using these options.
@cindex @code{logdone}, STARTUP keyword
@cindex @code{nologging}, STARTUP keyword
@cindex @code{lognotedone}, STARTUP keyword
@cindex @code{lognoteclock-out}, STARTUP keyword
@cindex @code{lognotestate}, STARTUP keyword

These lines (several such lines are allowed) specify the legal tags in
this file, and (potentially) the corresponding @emph{fast tag selection}
keys.  The corresponding variable is @code{org-tag-alist}.
@item #+TBLFM:
This line contains the formulas for the table directly above the line.
@item #+TITLE:, #+AUTHOR:, #+EMAIL:, #+LANGUAGE:, #+TEXT:, #+OPTIONS:
These lines provide settings for exporting files.  For more details see
@ref{Export options}.
@item #+SEQ_TODO:   #+TYP_TODO:
These lines set the TODO keywords and their interpretation in the
current file.  The corresponding variables are @code{org-todo-keywords}

If the cursor is in a plain list item with a checkbox, toggle the status
of the checkbox.
@item
If the cursor is on a numbered item in a plain list, renumber the
ordered list.
@end itemize

@node Clean view, TTY keys, The very busy C-c C-c key, Miscellaneous
@section A cleaner outline view
@cindex hiding leading stars

@node TTY keys, Interaction, Clean view, Miscellaneous
@section Using org-mode on a tty
@cindex tty keybindings

Org-mode uses a number of keys that are not accessible on a tty.  This
applies to most special keys like cursor keys, @key{TAB} and
@key{RET}, when these are combined with modifier keys like @key{Meta}
and/or @key{Shift}.  Org-mode uses these bindings because it needs to
provide keys for a large number of commands, and because these keys
appeared particularly easy to remember.  In order to still be able to
access the core functionality of Org-mode on a tty, alternative
bindings are provided.  Here is a complete list of these bindings,
which are obviously more cumbersome to use.  Note that sometimes a
work-around can be better.  For example changing a time stamp is
really only fun with @kbd{S-@key{cursor}} keys.  On a tty you would
rather use @kbd{C-c .}  to re-insert the timestamp.

@multitable @columnfractions 0.15 0.2 0.2
@item @b{Default} @tab @b{Alternative 1} @tab @b{Alternative 2}
@item @kbd{S-@key{TAB}}     @tab @kbd{C-u @key{TAB}}       @tab
@item @kbd{M-@key{left}}    @tab @kbd{C-c C-x l}           @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{left}}

@file{constants.el}.
@item @file{cdlatex.el} by Carsten Dominik
@cindex @file{cdlatex.el}
Org-mode can make use of the cdlatex package to efficiently enter
La@TeX{} fragments into Org-mode files. See @ref{CDLaTeX mode}.
@item @file{remember.el} by John Wiegley
@cindex @file{remember.el}
Org mode cooperates with remember, see @ref{Remember}.
@file{Remember.el} is not part of Emacs, find it on the web.
@cindex @file{table.el}
@item @file{table.el} by Takaaki Ota
@kindex C-c C-c
@cindex table editor, @file{table.el}
@cindex @file{table.el}

is loaded @emph{before} @file{allout.el}, for example by putting
@code{(require 'org)} early enough into your @file{.emacs} file.

@cindex @file{CUA.el}
@item @file{CUA.el} by Kim. F. Storm
Keybindings in Org-mode conflict with the @kbd{S-<cursor>} keys
used by CUA-mode (as well as pc-select-mode and s-region-mode) to
select and extend the region.  If you want to use one of these
packages along with Org-mode, configure the variable
@code{org-CUA-compatible}.  When set, Org-mode will move the following
keybindings in Org-mode files, and in the agenda buffer (but not
during date selection).

@example
S-UP    -> M-p             S-DOWN  -> M-n
S-LEFT  -> M--             S-RIGHT -> M-+
@end example

blogs. @url{http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/blorg.html}.
@cindex @file{org2rem.el}
@item @file{org2rem.el} by Bastien Guerry
Translates Org-mode files into something readable by
Remind. @url{http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/u/org2rem.el}.
@end table

@page

@node Adding hyperlink types, Tables in arbitrary syntax, Extensions, Extensions and Hacking

can also set the @code{:description} property to provide a default for
the link description when the link is later inserted into tan Org-mode
buffer with @kbd{C-c C-l}.

@node Tables in arbitrary syntax, Dynamic blocks, Adding hyperlink types, Extensions and Hacking
@section Tables in arbitrary syntax
@cindex tables, in other modes
@cindex orgtbl-mode

Since Orgtbl-mode can be used as a minor mode in arbitrary buffers, a
frequent feature request has been to make it work with native tables in
specific languages, for example La@TeX{}.  However, this is extremely hard
to do in a general way, would lead to a customization nightmare, and
would take away much of the simplicity of the Orgtbl-mode table editor.

This appendix describes a different approach.  We keep the Orgtbl-mode
table in its native format (the @i{source table}), and use a custom
function to @i{translate} the table to the correct syntax, and to
@i{install} it in the right location (the @i{target table}).  This puts
the burden of writing conversion functions on the user, but it allows
for a very flexible system.

@menu
* Radio tables::                Sending and receiving
* A LaTeX example::             Step by step, almost a tutorial
* Translator functions::        Copy and modify
@end menu

@node Radio tables, A LaTeX example, Tables in arbitrary syntax, Tables in arbitrary syntax
@subsection Radio tables
@cindex radio tables

make this comment-toggling very easy, in particular if you bind it to a
key.
@end itemize

@node A LaTeX example, Translator functions, Radio tables, Tables in arbitrary syntax
@subsection A LaTeX example
@cindex LaTeX, and orgtbl-mode

The best way to wrap the source table in La@TeX{} is to use the
@code{comment} environment provided by @file{comment.sty}.  It has to be
activated by placing @code{\usepackage@{comment@}} into the document

@code{:efmt (2 "$%s\\times10^@{%s@}$" 4 "$%s\\cdot10^@{%s@}$")}.  After
@code{efmt} has been applied to a value, @code{fmt} will also be
applied.
@end table

@node Translator functions,  , A LaTeX example, Tables in arbitrary syntax
@subsection Translator functions
@cindex HTML, and orgtbl-mode
@cindex translator function

Orgtbl-mode has several translator functions built-in:

@samp{#+ORGTBL: SEND} line.  The function must return a single string
containing the formatted table.  If you write a generally useful
translator, please post it on @code{emacs-orgmode@@gnu.org} so that
others can benefit from your work.

@node Dynamic blocks, Special agenda views, Tables in arbitrary syntax, Extensions and Hacking
@section Dynamic blocks
@cindex dynamic blocks

Org-mode documents can contain @emph{dynamic blocks}.  These are

@lisp
(defun my-skip-unless-waiting ()
  "Skip trees that are not waiting"
  (let ((subtree-end (save-excursion (org-end-of-subtree t))))
    (if (re-search-forward ":WAITING:" subtree-end t)
        nil          ; tag found, do not skip
      subtree-end))) ; tag not found, continue after end of subtree
@end lisp

Now you may use this function in an agenda custom command, for example

@item '(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'deadline)
Skip current entry if it has a deadline.
@item '(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'scheduled 'deadline)
Skip current entry if it has a deadline, or if it is scheduled.
@item '(org-agenda-skip-entry 'regexp "regular expression")
Skip current entry if the regular expression contained in the variable
@code{org-agenda-skip-regexp} matches in the entry.
@item '(org-agenda-skip-subtree-if 'regexp "regular expression")
Same as above, but check and skip the entire subtree.
@end table

Therefore we could also have written the search for WAITING projects

@lisp
(org-add-agenda-custom-command
 '("b" todo "PROJECT"
   ((org-agenda-skip-function '(org-agenda-skip-subtree-if
                                'regexp ":WAITING:"))
    (org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: "))))
@end lisp


@node Using the property API,  , Special agenda views, Extensions and Hacking

`special' or `standard', only get that subclass.
@end defun
@defun org-entry-get pom property &optional inherit
Get value of PROPERTY for entry at point-or-marker POM.
If INHERIT is non-nil and the entry does not have the property,
then also check higher levels of the hierarchy.
@end defun

@defun org-entry-delete pom property
Delete the property PROPERTY from entry at point-or-marker POM.
@end defun

@defun org-insert-property-drawer
Insert a property drawer at point.
@end defun

@node History and Acknowledgments, Index, Extensions and Hacking, Top
@appendix History and Acknowledgments
@cindex acknowledgments
@cindex history
@cindex thanks

@i{Nic Ferrier} contributed mailcap and XOXO support.
@item
@i{John Foerch} figured out how to make incremental search show context
around a match in a hidden outline tree.
@item
@i{Niels Giessen} had the idea to automatically archive DONE trees.
@item
@i{Bastien Guerry} wrote the La@TeX{} exporter and has been prolific
with patches, ideas, and bug reports.
to Org-mode.
@item
@i{Kai Grossjohann} pointed out key-binding conflicts with other packages.
@item
@i{Scott Jaderholm} proposed footnotes, control over whitespace between
folded entries, and column view for properties.

@i{Shidai Liu} ("Leo") asked for embedded La@TeX{} and tested it.  He also
provided frequent feedback and some patches.
@item
@i{Jason F. McBrayer} suggested agenda export to CSV format.
@item
@i{Dmitri Minaev} sent a patch to set priority limits on a per-file
basis.
@item
@i{Stefan Monnier} provided a patch to keep the Emacs-Lisp compiler
happy.
@item
@i{Rick Moynihan} proposed to allow multiple TODO sequences in a file.
@item
@i{Todd Neal} provided patches for links to Info files and elisp forms.
@item
@i{Tim O'Callaghan} suggested in-file links, search options for general
file links, and TAGS.

@i{Piotr Zielinski} wrote @file{org-mouse.el}, proposed agenda blocks
and contributed various ideas and code snippets.
@end itemize


@node Index, Key Index, History and Acknowledgments, Top
@unnumbered Index

@printindex cp

@node Key Index,  , Index, Top
@unnumbered Key Index

@printindex ky

@bye

87836:22ad67b23797

\input texinfo
@c %**start of header
@setfilename ../../info/org
@settitle Org Mode Manual

@set VERSION 5.19
@set DATE January 2008

@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
* Org Mode: (org).      Outline-based notes management and organizer
@end direntry

@c Version and Contact Info
@set MAINTAINERSITE @uref{http://orgmode.org,maintainers webpage}
@set AUTHOR Carsten Dominik
@set MAINTAINER Carsten Dominik
@set MAINTAINEREMAIL @email{carsten at orgmode dot org}
@set MAINTAINERCONTACT @uref{mailto:carsten at orgmode dot org,contact the maintainer}
@c %**end of header
@finalout

@c Macro definitions

@end macro

@copying
This manual is for Org-mode (version @value{VERSION}).

Copyright @copyright{} 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation

@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no

* Document structure::          A tree works like your brain
* Tables::                      Pure magic for quick formatting
* Hyperlinks::                  Notes in context
* TODO items::                  Every tree branch can be a TODO item
* Tags::                        Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags
* Properties and columns::      Storing information about an entry
* Dates and times::             Making items useful for planning
* Remember::                    Quickly adding nodes to the outline tree
* Agenda views::                Collecting information into views
* Embedded LaTeX::              LaTeX fragments and formulas
* Exporting::                   Sharing and publishing of notes
* Publishing::                  Create a web site of linked Org-mode files
* Miscellaneous::               All the rest which did not fit elsewhere
* Extensions and Hacking::      It is possible to write add-on code
* History and Acknowledgments::  How Org-mode came into being 
* Main Index::                  
* Key Index::                   Key bindings and where they are described

@detailmenu
 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---

* Summary::                     Brief summary of what Org-mode does
* Installation::                How to install a downloaded version of Org-mode
* Activation::                  How to activate Org-mode for certain buffers.
* Feedback::                    Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
* Conventions::                 Type-setting conventions in the manual

Document Structure

* Outlines::                    Org-mode is based on outline-mode
* Headlines::                   How to typeset org-tree headlines

* Handling links::              Creating, inserting and following
* Using links outside Org-mode::  Linking from my C source code?
* Link abbreviations::          Shortcuts for writing complex links
* Search options::              Linking to a specific location
* Custom searches::             When the default search is not enough

Internal links

* Radio targets::               Make targets trigger links in plain text.

TODO items

* TODO basics::                 Marking and displaying TODO entries
* TODO extensions::             Workflow and assignments
* Progress logging::            Dates and notes for progress
* Priorities::                  Some things are more important than others
* Breaking down tasks::         Splitting a task into manageable pieces
* Checkboxes::                  Tick-off lists

Extended use of TODO keywords

* Workflow states::             From TODO to DONE in steps
* TODO types::                  I do this, Fred does the rest
* Multiple sets in one file::   Mixing it all, and still finding your way
* Fast access to TODO states::  Single letter selection of a state
* Per-file keywords::           Different files, different requirements
* Faces for TODO keywords::     Highlighting states

Progress Logging

* Closing items::               When was this entry marked DONE?
* Tracking TODO state changes::  When did the status change?

Tags

* Tag inheritance::             Tags use the tree structure of the outline
* Setting tags::                How to assign tags to a headline
* Tag searches::                Searching for combinations of tags

Properties and Columns

* Property syntax::             How properties are spelled out
* Special properties::          Access to other Org-mode features
* Property searches::           Matching property values
* Property inheritance::        Passing values down the tree
* Column view::                 Tabular viewing and editing
* Property API::                Properties for Lisp programmers

Column View

* Defining columns::            The COLUMNS format property
* Using column view::           How to create and use column view
* Capturing Column View::       A dynamic block for column view

Defining Columns

* Scope of column definitions::  Where defined, where valid?
* Column attributes::           Appearance and content of a column

Dates and Times

* Time stamps::                 Assigning a time to a tree entry
* Creating timestamps::         Commands which insert timestamps
* Deadlines and scheduling::    Planning your work
* Clocking work time::          

Creating timestamps

* The date/time prompt::        How org-mode helps you entering date and time
* Custom time format::          Making dates look differently

Deadlines and Scheduling

* Inserting deadline/schedule::  Planning items
* Repeated tasks::              Items that show up again and again

Remember

* Setting up remember::         Some code for .emacs to get things going
* Remember templates::          Define the outline of different note types
* Storing notes::               Directly get the note to where it belongs
* Refiling notes::              Moving a note or task to a project

Agenda Views

* Agenda files::                Files being searched for agenda information
* Agenda dispatcher::           Keyboard access to agenda views

LaTeX export

* LaTeX export commands::       How to invoke LaTeX export
* Quoting LaTeX code::          Incorporating literal LaTeX code
* Sectioning structure::        

Text interpretation by the exporter

* Comment lines::               Some lines will not be exported
* Initial text::                Text before the first headline
* Footnotes::                   Numbers like [1]
* Quoted examples::             Inserting quoted chnuks of text            
* Enhancing text::              Subscripts, symbols and more
* Export options::              How to influence the export settings

Publishing

* Tables in arbitrary syntax::  Orgtbl for LaTeX and other programs
* Dynamic blocks::              Automatically filled blocks
* Special agenda views::        Customized views
* Using the property API::      Writing programs that use entry properties

Tables and Lists in arbitrary syntax

* Radio tables::                Sending and receiving
* A LaTeX example::             Step by step, almost a tutorial
* Translator functions::        Copy and modify
* Radio lists::                 Doing the same for lists.

@end detailmenu
@end menu

@node Introduction, Document structure, Top, Top

@menu
* Summary::                     Brief summary of what Org-mode does
* Installation::                How to install a downloaded version of Org-mode
* Activation::                  How to activate Org-mode for certain buffers.
* Feedback::                    Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
* Conventions::                 Type-setting conventions in the manual
@end menu

@node Summary, Installation, Introduction, Introduction
@section Summary
@cindex summary

time stamps, and scheduling.  It dynamically compiles entries into an
agenda that utilizes and smoothly integrates much of the Emacs calendar
and diary.  Plain text URL-like links connect to websites, emails,
Usenet messages, BBDB entries, and any files related to the projects.
For printing and sharing of notes, an Org-mode file can be exported as a
structured ASCII file, as HTML, or (TODO and agenda items only) as an
iCalendar file.  It can also serve as a publishing tool for a set of
linked webpages.

An important design aspect that distinguishes Org-mode from for example
Planner/Muse is that it encourages to store every piece of information

@r{@bullet{} ASCII table editor with spreadsheet-like capabilities}
@r{@bullet{} TODO list editor}
@r{@bullet{} full agenda and planner with deadlines and work scheduling}
@r{@bullet{} environment to implement David Allen's GTD system}
@r{@bullet{} a basic database application}
@r{@bullet{} simple hypertext system, with HTML and LaTeX export}
@r{@bullet{} publishing tool to create a set of interlinked webpages}
@end example

Org-mode's automatic, context sensitive table editor with spreadsheet
capabilities can be integrated into any major mode by activating the

@cindex FAQ
There is a website for Org-mode which provides links to the newest
version of Org-mode, as well as additional information, frequently asked
questions (FAQ), links to tutorials etc.  This page is located at
@uref{http://orgmode.org}.

@page


@node Installation, Activation, Summary, Introduction

@noindent which will select Org-mode for this buffer no matter what
the file's name is.  See also the variable
@code{org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file}.

@node Feedback, Conventions, Activation, Introduction
@section Feedback
@cindex feedback
@cindex bug reports
@cindex maintainer
@cindex author

@item
When you hit the error, a @file{*Backtrace*} buffer will appear on the
screen.  Save this buffer to a file (for example using @kbd{C-x C-w}) and
attach it to your bug report.
@end enumerate

@node Conventions,  , Feedback, Introduction
@section Typesetting conventions used in this manual

Org-mode uses three types of keywords: TODO keywords, tags, and property
names.  In this manual we use the following conventions:

@table @code
@item TODO
@itemx WAITING
TODO keywords are written with all capitals, even if they are
user-defined.
@item boss
@itemx ARCHIVE
User-defined tags are written in lowercase; built-in tags with special
meaning are written with all capitals.
@item Release
@itemx PRIORITY
User-defined properties are capitalized; built-in properties with
special meaning are written with all capitals.
@end table

@node Document structure, Tables, Introduction, Top
@chapter Document Structure
@cindex document structure
@cindex structure of document

Show all.
@kindex C-c C-r
@item C-c C-r
Reveal context around point, showing the current entry, the following
heading and the hierarchy above.  Useful for working near a location
that has been exposed by a sparse tree command (@pxref{Sparse trees}) or
an agenda command (@pxref{Agenda commands}).  With prefix arg show, on
each

level, all sibling headings.
@kindex C-c C-x b
@item C-c C-x b
Show the current subtree in an indirect buffer@footnote{The indirect
buffer

headline, the new headline is created before the current line.  If at
the beginning of any other line, the content of that line is made the
new heading.  If the command is used at the end of a folded subtree
(i.e. behind the ellipses at the end of a headline), then a headline
like the current one will be inserted after the end of the subtree.
@kindex C-@key{RET}
@item C-@key{RET}
Insert a new heading after the current subtree, same level as the
current headline.  This command works from anywhere in the entry.
@kindex M-S-@key{RET}
@item M-S-@key{RET}
Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading.
@kindex M-@key{left}
@item M-@key{left}

@kindex C-c C-x C-w
@kindex C-c C-x C-k
@item C-c C-x C-w
@itemx C-c C-x C-k
Kill subtree, i.e. remove it from buffer but save in kill ring.
With prefix arg, kill N sequential subtrees.
@kindex C-c C-x M-w
@item C-c C-x M-w
Copy subtree to kill ring.  With prefix arg, copy N sequential subtrees.
@kindex C-c C-x C-y
@item C-c C-x C-y
Yank subtree from kill ring.  This does modify the level of the subtree to
make sure the tree fits in nicely at the yank position.  The yank
level can also be specified with a prefix arg, or by yanking after a
headline marker like @samp{****}.
@kindex C-c C-w
@item C-c C-w
Refile entry to a different location.  @xref{Refiling notes}.
@kindex C-c ^
@item C-c ^
Sort same-level entries.  When there is an active region, all entries in
the region will be sorted.  Otherwise the children of the current
headline are sorted.  The command prompts for the sorting method, which
can be alphabetically, numerically, by time (using the first time stamp
in each entry), by priority, and each of these in reverse order.  You
can also supply your own function to extract the sorting key.  With a
@kbd{C-u} prefix, sorting will be case-sensitive.  With two @kbd{C-u
C-u} prefixes, duplicate entries will also be removed.
@end table

@cindex region, active

The default archive location is a file in the same directory as the
current file, with the name derived by appending @file{_archive} to the
current file name.  For information and examples on how to change this,
see the documentation string of the variable
@code{org-archive-location}.  There is also an in-buffer option for
setting this variable, for example@footnote{For backward compatibility,
the following also works: If there are several such lines in a file,
each specifies the archive location for the text below it.  The first
such line also applies to any text before its definition.  However,
using this method is @emph{strongly} deprecated as it is incompatible
with the outline structure of the document.  The correct method for
setting multiple archive locations in a buffer is using a property.}:

@example
#+ARCHIVE: %s_done::
@end example

@noindent
If you would like to have a special ARCHIVE location for a single entry
or a (sub)tree, give the entry an @code{:ARCHIVE:} property with the
location as the value (@pxref{Properties and columns}).

@node Sparse trees, Plain lists, Archiving, Document structure
@section Sparse trees
@cindex sparse trees
@cindex trees, sparse
@cindex folding, sparse trees
@cindex occur, command

An important feature of Org-mode is the ability to construct
@emph{sparse trees} for selected information in an outline tree, so that
the entire document is folded as much as possible, but the selected
information is made visible along with the headline structure above
it@footnote{See also the variables @code{org-show-hierarchy-above},
@code{org-show-following-heading}, and @code{org-show-siblings} for
detailed control on how much context is shown around each match.}.  Just
try it out and you will see immediately how it works.

Org-mode contains several commands creating such trees, all these
commands can be accessed through a dispatcher:

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c /
@item C-c /
This prompts for an extra key to select a sparse-tree creating command.
@kindex C-c / r
@item C-c / r
Occur.  Prompts for a regexp and shows a sparse tree with all matches.
If the match is in a headline, the headline is made visible.  If the
match is in the body of an entry, headline and body are made visible.
In order to provide minimal context, also the full hierarchy of
headlines above the match is shown, as well as the headline following
the match.  Each match is also highlighted; the highlights disappear
when the buffer is changed by an editing command, or by pressing
@kbd{C-c C-c}.  When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, previous
highlights are kept, so several calls to this command can be stacked.
@end table

@noindent
For frequently used sparse trees of specific search strings, you can
use the variable @code{org-agenda-custom-commands} to define fast
keyboard access to specific sparse trees.  These commands will then be
accessible through the agenda dispatcher (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).

@end lisp

@noindent will define the key @kbd{C-c a f} as a shortcut for creating
a sparse tree matching the string @samp{FIXME}.

The other sparse tree commands select headings based on TODO keywords,
tags, or properties and will be discussed later in this manual.

@kindex C-c C-e v
@cindex printing sparse trees
@cindex visible text, printing
To print a sparse tree, you can use the Emacs command

@cindex ordered lists

Within an entry of the outline tree, hand-formatted lists can provide
additional structure.  They also provide a way to create lists of
checkboxes (@pxref{Checkboxes}).  Org-mode supports editing such lists,
and the HTML exporter (@pxref{Exporting}) parses and formats them.

Org-mode knows ordered and unordered lists.  Unordered list items start
with @samp{-}, @samp{+}, or @samp{*}@footnote{When using @samp{*} as a
bullet, lines must be indented or they will be seen as top-level
headlines.  Also, when you are hiding leading stars to get a clean
outline view, plain list items starting with a star are visually
indistinguishable from true headlines.  In short: even though @samp{*}
is supported, it may be better to not use it for plain list items.} as
bullets.  Ordered list items start with a numeral followed by either a
period or a right parenthesis, such as @samp{1.} or @samp{1)}.  Items
belonging to the same list must have the same indentation on the first
line.  In particular, if an ordered list reaches number @samp{10.}, then
the 2--digit numbers must be written left-aligned with the other numbers
in the list.  Indentation also determines the end of a list item.  It
ends before the next line that is indented like the bullet/number, or

would imply a different hierarchy.  To use the new hierarchy, break
the command chain with a cursor motion or so.
@kindex C-c C-c
@item C-c C-c
If there is a checkbox (@pxref{Checkboxes}) in the item line, toggle the
state of the checkbox.  If not, this command makes sure that all the
items on this list level use the same bullet.  Furthermore, if this is
an ordered list, make sure the numbering is ok.
@kindex C-c -
@item C-c -
Cycle the entire list level through the different itemize/enumerate
bullets (@samp{-}, @samp{+}, @samp{*}, @samp{1.}, @samp{1)}).
With prefix arg, select the nth bullet from this list.

@cindex drawers
@cindex visibility cycling, drawers

Sometimes you want to keep information associated with an entry, but you
normally don't want to see it.  For this, Org-mode has @emph{drawers}.
Drawers need to be configured with the variable
@code{org-drawers}@footnote{You can define drawers on a per-file basis
with a line like @code{#+DRAWERS: HIDDEN PROPERTIES STATE}}.  Drawers
look like this:

@example
** This is a headline
   Still outside the drawer

@node Tables, Hyperlinks, Document structure, Top
@chapter Tables
@cindex tables
@cindex editing tables

Org-mode comes with a fast and intuitive table editor.  Spreadsheet-like
calculations are supported in connection with the Emacs @file{calc}
package 
@ifinfo
(@pxref{Calc,,,calc,Gnu Emacs Calculator Manual}).
@end ifinfo
@ifnotinfo
(see the Emacs Calculator manual for more information about the Emacs
calculator).
@end ifnotinfo

@menu
* Built-in table editor::       Simple tables
* Narrow columns::              Stop wasting space in tables   
* Column groups::               Grouping to trigger vertical lines

@tsubheading{Creation and conversion}
@kindex C-c |
@item C-c |
Convert the active region to table. If every line contains at least one
TAB character, the function assumes that the material is tab separated.
If every line contains a comma, comma-separated values (CSV) are assumed.
If not, lines are split at whitespace into fields.  You can use a prefix
argument to force a specific separator: @kbd{C-u} forces CSV, @kbd{C-u
C-u} forces TAB, and a numeric argument N indicates that at least N
consequtive spaces, or alternatively a TAB will be the separator.
@* 
If there is no active region, this command creates an empty Org-mode
table.  But it's easier just to start typing, like
@kbd{|Name|Phone|Age @key{RET} |- @key{TAB}}.

@tsubheading{Re-aligning and field motion}

Edit the current field in a separate window.  This is useful for fields
that are not fully visible (@pxref{Narrow columns}).  When called with a
@kbd{C-u} prefix, just make the full field visible, so that it can be
edited in place.
@c
@item M-x org-table-import
Import a file as a table.  The table should be TAB- or whitespace
separated.  Useful, for example, to import a spreadsheet table or data
from a database, because these programs generally can write
TAB-separated text files.  This command works by inserting the file into
the buffer and then converting the region to a table.  Any prefix
argument is passed on to the converter, which uses it to determine the
separator.
@item C-c |
Tables can also be imported by pasting tabular text into the org-mode
buffer, selecting the pasted text with @kbd{C-x C-x} and then using the
@kbd{C-c |} command (see above under @i{Creation and conversion}.
@c
@item M-x org-table-export
Export the table as a TAB-separated file.  Useful for data exchange with,
for example, spreadsheet or database programs.
@end table

If you don't like the automatic table editor because it gets in your
way on lines which you would like to start with @samp{|}, you can turn
it off with

The row specification only counts data lines and ignores horizontal
separator lines (hlines).  You can use absolute row numbers
@samp{1}...@samp{N}, and row numbers relative to the current row like
@samp{+3} or @samp{-1}.  Or specify the row relative to one of the
hlines: @samp{I} refers to the first hline@footnote{Note that only
hlines are counted that @emph{separate} table lines.  If the table
starts with a hline above the header, it does not count.}, @samp{II} to
the second etc.  @samp{-I} refers to the first such line above the
current line, @samp{+I} to the first such line below the current line.
You can also write @samp{III+2} which is the second data line after the
third hline in the table.  Relative row numbers like @samp{-3} will not
cross hlines if the current line is too close to the hline.  Instead,
the value directly at the hline is used.

@samp{0} refers to the current row and column.  Also, if you omit
either the column or the row part of the reference, the current
row/column is implied. 

#+CONSTANTS: c=299792458. pi=3.14 eps=2.4e-6
@end example

@noindent
Also properties (@pxref{Properties and columns}) can be used as
constants in table formulas: For a property @samp{:Xyz:} use the name
@samp{$PROP_Xyz}, and the property will be searched in the current
outline entry and in the hierarchy above it.  If you have the
@file{constants.el} package, it will also be used to resolve constants,
including natural constants like @samp{$h} for Planck's constant, and
units like @samp{$km} for kilometers@footnote{@file{Constant.el} can
supply the values of constants in two different unit systems, @code{SI}

@node Hyperlinks, TODO items, Tables, Top
@chapter Hyperlinks
@cindex hyperlinks

Like HTML, Org-mode provides links inside a file, external links to
other files, Usenet articles, emails, and much more.

@menu
* Link format::                 How links in Org-mode are formatted
* Internal links::              Links to other places in the current file
* External links::              URL-like links to the world
* Handling links::              Creating, inserting and following
* Using links outside Org-mode::  Linking from my C source code?
* Link abbreviations::          Shortcuts for writing complex links
* Search options::              Linking to a specific location
* Custom searches::             When the default search is not enough
@end menu

@node Link format, Internal links, Hyperlinks, Hyperlinks
@section Link format
@cindex link format

@item C-c C-l
Insert a link.  This prompts for a link to be inserted into the buffer.
You can just type a link, using text for an internal link, or one of the
link type prefixes mentioned in the examples above.  All links stored
during the current session are part of the history for this prompt, so
you can access them with @key{up} and @key{down} (or @kbd{M-p/n}).
Completion, on the other hand, will help you to insert valid link
prefixes like @samp{http:} or @samp{ftp:}, including the prefixes
defined through link abbreviations (@pxref{Link abbreviations}).  The
link will be inserted into the buffer@footnote{After insertion of a
stored link, the link will be removed from the list of stored links.  To
keep it in the list later use, use a triple @kbd{C-u} prefix to @kbd{C-c
C-l}, or configure the option
@code{org-keep-stored-link-after-insertion}.}, along with a descriptive
text.  If some text was selected when this command is called, the
selected text becomes the default description.@* Note that you don't
have to use this command to insert a link.  Links in Org-mode are plain
text, and you can type or paste them straight into the buffer.  By using
this command, the links are automatically enclosed in double brackets,
and you will be asked for the optional descriptive text.
@c
@c  If the link is a @samp{file:} link and
@c the linked file is located in the same directory as the current file or
@c a subdirectory of it, the path of the file will be inserted relative to
@c the current directory.

As a degenerate case, a file link with an empty file name can be used
to search the current file.  For example, @code{[[file:::find me]]} does
a search for @samp{find me} in the current file, just as
@samp{[[find me]]} would.

@node Custom searches,  , Search options, Hyperlinks
@section Custom Searches
@cindex custom search strings
@cindex search strings, custom

The default mechanism for creating search strings and for doing the

for Bib@TeX{} database files, and you can use the corresponding code as
an implementation example.  Search for @samp{BibTeX links} in the source
file.



@node TODO items, Tags, Hyperlinks, Top
@chapter TODO items
@cindex TODO items

Org-mode does not maintain TODO lists as separate documents.  Instead,
TODO items are an integral part of the notes file, because TODO items
usually come up while taking notes!  With Org-mode, simply mark any
entry in a tree as being a TODO item.  In this way, information is not
duplicated, and the entire context from which the TODO item emerged is
always present.

Of course, this technique for managing TODO items scatters them
throughout your notes file.  Org-mode compensates for this by providing
methods to give you an overview of all the things that you have to do.

@menu
* TODO basics::                 Marking and displaying TODO entries
* TODO extensions::             Workflow and assignments
* Progress logging::            Dates and notes for progress
* Priorities::                  Some things are more important than others
* Breaking down tasks::         Splitting a task into manageable pieces
* Checkboxes::                  Tick-off lists
@end menu

@node TODO basics, TODO extensions, TODO items, TODO items
@section Basic TODO functionality

Any headline becomes a TODO item when it starts with the word
@samp{TODO}, for example:

@example
*** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune
@end example

'--------------------------------'
@end example

The same rotation can also be done ``remotely'' from the timeline and
agenda buffers with the @kbd{t} command key (@pxref{Agenda commands}).

@kindex C-u C-c C-t
@item C-u C-c C-t
Select a specific keyword using completion or (if it has been set up)
the fast selection interface.

@kindex S-@key{right}
@kindex S-@key{left}
@item S-@key{right}
@itemx S-@key{left}
Select the following/preceding TODO state, similar to cycling.  Useful
mostly if more than two TODO states are possible (@pxref{TODO
extensions}).
@kindex C-c C-c
@item C-c C-c
Use the fast tag interface to directly select a specific TODO state.
For this you need to assign keys to TODO states, like this:
@example
#+SEQ_TODO: TODO(t) STARTED(s) WAITING(w) | DONE(d)
@end example
@noindent See @ref{Per-file keywords} and @ref{Setting tags} for more
information.
@kindex C-c C-v
@kindex C-c / t
@cindex sparse tree, for TODO
@item C-c C-v
@itemx C-c / t
View TODO items in a @emph{sparse tree} (@pxref{Sparse trees}).  Folds
the entire buffer, but shows all TODO items and the headings hierarchy
above them.  With prefix arg, search for a specific TODO.  You will be
prompted for the keyword, and you can also give a list of keywords like
@code{KWD1|KWD2|...}.  With numerical prefix N, show the tree for the
Nth keyword in the variable @code{org-todo-keywords}.  With two prefix
args, find all TODO and DONE entries.
@kindex C-c a t
@item C-c a t
Show the global TODO list.  Collects the TODO items from all agenda
files (@pxref{Agenda views}) into a single buffer.  The new buffer will
be in @code{agenda-mode}, which provides commands to examine and
manipulate the TODO entries from the new buffer (@pxref{Agenda
commands}).  @xref{Global TODO list}, for more information.
@kindex S-M-@key{RET}
@item S-M-@key{RET}
Insert a new TODO entry below the current one.
@end table

@node TODO extensions, Progress logging, TODO basics, TODO items
@section Extended use of TODO keywords
@cindex extended TODO keywords

By default, marked TODO entries have one of only two states: TODO and
DONE.  Org-mode allows you to classify TODO items in more complex ways
with @emph{TODO keywords} (stored in @code{org-todo-keywords}).  With
special setup, the TODO keyword system can work differently in different
files.

Note that @i{tags} are another way to classify headlines in general and
TODO items in particular (@pxref{Tags}).

@menu
* Workflow states::             From TODO to DONE in steps
* TODO types::                  I do this, Fred does the rest
* Multiple sets in one file::   Mixing it all, and still finding your way
* Fast access to TODO states::  Single letter selection of a state
* Per-file keywords::           Different files, different requirements
* Faces for TODO keywords::     Highlighting states
@end menu

@node Workflow states, TODO types, TODO extensions, TODO extensions
@subsection TODO keywords as workflow states
@cindex TODO workflow

to @kbd{C-c C-v}.  For example, to see all things Lucy has to do, you
would use @kbd{C-3 C-c C-v}.  To collect Lucy's items from all agenda
files into a single buffer, you would use the prefix arg as well when
creating the global todo list: @kbd{C-3 C-c t}.

@node Multiple sets in one file, Fast access to TODO states, TODO types, TODO extensions
@subsection Multiple keyword sets in one file
@cindex todo keyword sets

Sometimes you may want to use different sets of TODO keywords in
parallel.  For example, you may want to have the basic

@kbd{S-@key{<left>}} and @kbd{S-@key{<right>}} and walk through
@emph{all} keywords from all sets, so for example @kbd{S-@key{<right>}}
would switch from @code{DONE} to @code{REPORT} in the example above.
@end table

@node Fast access to TODO states, Per-file keywords, Multiple sets in one file, TODO extensions
@subsection Fast access to TODO states

If you would like to quickly change an entry to an arbitrary TODO state
instead of cycling through the states, you can set up keys for
single-letter access to the states.  This is done by adding the section
key after each keyword, in parenthesis.  For example:

@lisp
(setq org-todo-keywords
      '((sequence "TODO(t)" "|" "DONE(d)")
        (sequence "REPORT(r)" "BUG(b)" "KNOWNCAUSE(k)" "|" "FIXED(f)")
        (sequence "|" "CANCELED(c)")))
@end lisp

If you then press @code{C-u C-c C-t} followed by the selection key, the
entry will be switched to this state.  @key{SPC} can be used to remove
any TODO keyword from an entry.  Should you like this way of selecting
TODO states a lot, you might want to set the variable
@code{org-use-fast-todo-selection} to @code{t} and make this behavior
the default.  Check also the variable
@code{org-fast-tag-selection-include-todo}, it allows to change the TODO
state through the tags interface (@pxref{Setting tags}).

@node Per-file keywords, Faces for TODO keywords, Fast access to TODO states, TODO extensions
@subsection Setting up keywords for individual files
@cindex keyword options
@cindex per-file keywords

It can be very useful to use different aspects of the TODO mechanism in
different files.  For file-local settings, you need to add special lines
to the file which set the keywords and interpretation for that file
only.  For example, to set one of the two examples discussed above, you

known to Org-mode@footnote{Org-mode parses these lines only when
Org-mode is activated after visiting a file.  @kbd{C-c C-c} with the
cursor in a line starting with @samp{#+} is simply restarting Org-mode
for the current buffer.}.

@node Faces for TODO keywords,  , Per-file keywords, TODO extensions
@subsection Faces for TODO keywords
@cindex faces, for TODO keywords

Org-mode highlights TODO keywords with special faces: @code{org-todo}
for keywords indicating that an item still has to be acted upon, and
@code{org-done} for keywords indicating that an item is finished.  If
you are using more than 2 different states, you might want to use
special faces for some of them.  This can be done using the variable
@code{org-todo-keyword-faces}.  For example:

@lisp
(setq org-todo-keyword-faces
      '(("TODO"      . org-warning)
        ("DEFERRED"  . shadow)
        ("CANCELED"  . (:foreground "blue" :weight bold))))
@end lisp

@page
@node Progress logging, Priorities, TODO extensions, TODO items
@section Progress Logging
@cindex progress logging
@cindex logging, of progress

Org-mode can automatically record a time stamp and even a note when you
mark a TODO item as DONE, or even each time you change the state of
a TODO item.

@menu
* Closing items::               When was this entry marked DONE?
* Tracking TODO state changes::  When did the status change?
@end menu

@node Closing items, Tracking TODO state changes, Progress logging, Progress logging
@subsection Closing items

If you want to keep track of @emph{when} a certain TODO item was
finished, turn on logging with@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer
setting is: @code{#+STARTUP: logdone}.  You may also set this for the
scope of a subtree by adding a @code{:LOGGING:} property with one or more
of the logging keywords in the value.}

@lisp
(setq org-log-done t)
@end lisp

@noindent
Then each time you turn a TODO entry into DONE using either @kbd{C-c
C-t} in the Org-mode buffer or @kbd{t} in the agenda buffer, a line
@samp{CLOSED: [timestamp]} will be inserted just after the headline.  If
you turn the entry back into a TODO item through further state cycling,
that line will be removed again.  In the timeline (@pxref{Timeline}) and
in the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}), you can then use the
@kbd{l} key to display the TODO items closed on each day, giving you an
overview of what has been done on a day.  If you want to record a note
along with the timestamp, use@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer
setting is: @code{#+STARTUP: lognotedone}}

@lisp
(setq org-log-done '(done))
@end lisp

@node Tracking TODO state changes,  , Closing items, Progress logging
@subsection Tracking TODO state changes

When TODO keywords are used as workflow states (@pxref{Workflow
states}), you might want to keep track of when a state change occurred
and record a note about this change.  With the setting@footnote{The
corresponding in-buffer setting is: @code{#+STARTUP: lognotestate}.}

@lisp
(setq org-log-done '(state))
@end lisp

@noindent
each state change will prompt you for a note that will be attached to
the current headline.  If you press @kbd{C-c C-c} without typing
anything into the note buffer, only the time of the state change will be
noted.  Very likely you do not want this verbose tracking all the time,
so it is probably better to configure this behavior with in-buffer
options.  For example, if you are tracking purchases, put these into a
separate file that contains:

@example
#+SEQ_TODO: TODO(t) ORDERED(o) INVOICE(i) PAYED(p) | RECEIVED(r)
#+STARTUP: lognotestate
@end example

If you only need to take a note for some of the states, mark those
states with an additional @samp{@@}, like this:

@example
#+SEQ_TODO: TODO(t) ORDERED(o@@) INVOICE(i@@) PAYED(p) | RECEIVED(r)
#+STARTUP: lognotestate
@end example

@node Priorities, Breaking down tasks, Progress logging, TODO items
@section Priorities
@cindex priorities

If you use Org-mode extensively, you may end up enough TODO items that
it starts to make sense to prioritize them.  Prioritizing can be done by
placing a @emph{priority cookie} into the headline of a TODO item, like
this

@example
*** TODO [#A] Write letter to Sam Fortune
@end example

@noindent
By default, Org-mode supports three priorities: @samp{A}, @samp{B}, and
@samp{C}.  @samp{A} is the highest priority.  An entry without a cookie
is treated as priority @samp{B}.  Priorities make a difference only in
the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}); outside the agenda, they have
no inherent meaning to Org-mode.

Priorities can be attached to any outline tree entries; they do not need
to be TODO items.

@table @kbd
@kindex @kbd{C-c ,}
@item @kbd{C-c ,}
Set the priority of the current headline.  The command prompts for a

@c
@kindex S-@key{up}
@kindex S-@key{down}
@item S-@key{up}
@itemx S-@key{down}
Increase/decrease priority of current headline@footnote{See also the
option @code{org-priority-start-cycle-with-default'}.}.  Note that these
keys are also used to modify time stamps (@pxref{Creating timestamps}).
Furthermore, these keys are also used by CUA-mode (@pxref{Conflicts}).
@end table

You can change the range of allowed priorities by setting the variables
@code{org-highest-priority}, @code{org-lowest-priority}, and

@node Checkboxes,  , Breaking down tasks, TODO items
@section Checkboxes
@cindex checkboxes

Every item in a plain list (@pxref{Plain lists}) can be made into a
checkbox by starting it with the string @samp{[ ]}.  This feature is
similar to TODO items (@pxref{TODO items}), but is more lightweight.
Checkboxes are not included into the global TODO list, so they are often
great to split a task into a number of simple steps.  Or you can use
them in a shopping list.  To toggle a checkbox, use @kbd{C-c C-c}, or
use the mouse (thanks to Piotr Zielinski's @file{org-mouse.el}).

Here is an example of a checkbox list.

@example
* TODO Organize party [3/6]
  - call people [1/3]
    - [ ] Peter

@end example

@cindex statistics, for checkboxes
@cindex checkbox statistics
The @samp{[3/6]} and @samp{[1/3]} in the first and second line are
cookies indicating how many checkboxes present in this entry have been
checked off, and the total number of checkboxes are present.  This can
give you an idea on how many checkboxes remain, even without opening a
folded entry.  The cookies can be placed into a headline or into (the
first line of) a plain list item. Each cookie covers all checkboxes
structurally below the headline/item on which the cookie appear.  You
have to insert the cookie yourself by typing either @samp{[/]} or
@samp{[%]}.  With @samp{[/]} you get an @samp{n out of m} result, as in
the examples above.  With @samp{[%]} you get information about the
percentage of checkboxes checked (in the above example, this would be
@samp{[50%]} and @samp{[33%]}, respectively).

@noindent The following commands work with checkboxes:

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-c

with @kbd{C-c C-c} and make new ones with @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}}.  If you
delete boxes or add/change them by hand, use this command to get things
back into synch.  Or simply toggle any checkbox twice with @kbd{C-c C-c}.
@end table

@node Tags, Properties and columns, TODO items, Top
@chapter Tags
@cindex tags
@cindex headline tagging
@cindex matching, tags
@cindex sparse tree, tag based

An excellent way to implement labels and contexts for cross-correlating
information is to assign @i{tags} to headlines.  Org-mode has extensive
support for tags.

Every headline can contain a list of tags; they occur at the end of the
headline.  Tags are normal words containing letters, numbers, @samp{_},
and @samp{@@}.  Tags must be preceded and followed by a single colon,
e.g., @samp{:WORK:}.  Several tags can be specified, as in
@samp{:work:URGENT:}.

@menu
* Tag inheritance::             Tags use the tree structure of the outline
* Setting tags::                How to assign tags to a headline
* Tag searches::                Searching for combinations of tags
@end menu

@node Tag inheritance, Setting tags, Tags, Tags
@section Tag inheritance
@cindex tag inheritance
@cindex inheritance, of tags
@cindex sublevels, inclusion into tags match

@i{Tags} make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees.  If a
heading has a certain tag, all subheadings will inherit the tag as
well.  For example, in the list

@example
* Meeting with the French group      :work:
** Summary by Frank                  :boss:notes:
*** TODO Prepare slides for him      :action:
@end example

@noindent
the final heading will have the tags @samp{:work:}, @samp{:boss:},
@samp{:notes:}, and @samp{:action:} even though the final heading is not
explicitly marked with those tags.  When executing tag searches and
Org-mode finds that a certain headline matches the search criterion, it
will not check any sublevel headline, assuming that these also match and
that the list of matches could become very long because of that.  If you
do want the subevels be tested and listed as well, you may set the
variable @code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}.  To turn off tag
inheritance entirely, use the variable @code{org-use-tag-inheritance}.

@node Setting tags, Tag searches, Tag inheritance, Tags
@section Setting tags
@cindex setting tags
@cindex tags, setting

currently used in the buffer.  You may also globally specify a hard list
of tags with the variable @code{org-tag-alist}.  Finally you can set
the default tags for a given file with lines like

@example
#+TAGS: @@work @@home @@tennisclub
#+TAGS: laptop car pc sailboat
@end example

If you have globally defined your preferred set of tags using the
variable @code{org-tag-alist}, but would like to use a dynamic tag list
in a specific file, add an empty TAGS option line to that file:

@example
#+TAGS:
@end example

selection}.  This method allows to select and deselect tags with a
single key per tag.  To function efficiently, you should assign unique
keys to most tags.  This can be done globally with

@lisp
(setq org-tag-alist '(("@@work" . ?w) ("@@home" . ?h) ("laptop" . ?l)))
@end lisp

@noindent or on a per-file basis with

@example
#+TAGS: @@work(w)  @@home(h)  @@tennisclub(t)  laptop(l)  pc(p)
@end example

@noindent
You can also group together tags that are mutually exclusive.  With
curly braces@footnote{In @code{org-mode-alist} use
@code{'(:startgroup)} and @code{'(:endgroup)}, respectively.  Several
groups are allowed.}

@example
#+TAGS: @{ @@work(w)  @@home(h)  @@tennisclub(t) @}  laptop(l)  pc(p)
@end example

@noindent you indicate that at most one of @samp{@@work}, @samp{@@home},
and @samp{@@tennisclub} should be selected.

@noindent Don't forget to press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in one of
these lines to activate any changes.

If at least one tag has a selection key, pressing @kbd{C-c C-c} will

selection window.
@end table

@noindent
This method lets you assign tags to a headline with very few keys.  With
the above setup, you could clear the current tags and set @samp{@@home},
@samp{laptop} and @samp{pc} tags with just the following keys: @kbd{C-c
C-c @key{SPC} h l p @key{RET}}.  Switching from @samp{@@home} to
@samp{@@work} would be done with @kbd{C-c C-c w @key{RET}} or
alternatively with @kbd{C-c C-c C-c w}.  Adding the non-predefined tag
@samp{Sarah} could be done with @kbd{C-c C-c @key{TAB} S a r a h
@key{RET} @key{RET}}.

If you find that most of the time, you need only a single keypress to

@node Tag searches,  , Setting tags, Tags
@section Tag searches
@cindex tag searches
@cindex searching for tags

Once a system of tags has been set up, it can be used to collect related
information into special lists.

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c \
@kindex C-c / T
@item C-c \
@itemx C-c / T
Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search.  With a
@kbd{C-u} prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not a TODO line.
@kindex C-c a m
@item C-c a m
Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files.

by @samp{-}, to select against it, and @samp{+} is syntactic sugar for
positive selection.  The AND operator @samp{&} is optional when @samp{+}
or @samp{-} is present.  Examples:

@table @samp
@item +work-boss
Select headlines tagged @samp{:work:}, but discard those also tagged
@samp{:boss:}.
@item work|laptop
Selects lines tagged @samp{:work:} or @samp{:laptop:}.
@item work|laptop&night
Like before, but require the @samp{:laptop:} lines to be tagged also
@samp{:night:}.
@end table

@cindex TODO keyword matching, with tags search
If you are using multi-state TODO keywords (@pxref{TODO extensions}), it
can be useful to also match on the TODO keyword.  This can be done by

lines are checked that actually have any TODO keyword, use @kbd{C-c a
M}, or equivalently start the todo part after the slash with @samp{!}.
Examples:

@table @samp
@item work/WAITING
Select @samp{:work:}-tagged TODO lines with the specific TODO
keyword @samp{WAITING}.
@item work/!-WAITING-NEXT
Select @samp{:work:}-tagged TODO lines that are neither @samp{WAITING}
nor @samp{NEXT}
@item work/+WAITING|+NEXT
Select @samp{:work:}-tagged TODO lines that are either @samp{WAITING} or
@samp{NEXT}.
@end table

@cindex regular expressions, with tags search
Any element of the tag/todo match can be a regular expression - in this
case it must be enclosed in curly braces.  For example,
@samp{work+@{^boss.*@}} matches headlines that contain the tag
@samp{:work:} and any tag @i{starting} with @samp{boss}.

@cindex level, require for tags/property match
@cindex category, require for tags/property match
You can also require a headline to be of a certain level or category, by
writing instead of any TAG an expression like @samp{LEVEL=3} or
@samp{CATEGORY="work"}, respectively.  For example, a search
@samp{+LEVEL=3+boss/-DONE} lists all level three headlines that have the
tag @samp{boss} and are @emph{not} marked with the todo keyword DONE.

@node Properties and columns, Dates and times, Tags, Top
@chapter Properties and Columns
@cindex properties

Properties are a set of key-value pairs associated with an entry.  There
are two main applications for properties in Org-mode.  First, properties
are like tags, but with a value.  Second, you can use properties to
implement (very basic) database capabilities in an Org-mode buffer.  For
an example of the first application, imagine maintaining a file where
you document bugs and plan releases of a piece of software.  Instead of
using tags like @code{:release_1:}, @code{:release_2:}, one can use a
property, say @code{:Release:}, that in different subtrees has different
values, such as @code{1.0} or @code{2.0}.  For an example of the second
application of properties, imagine keeping track of one's music CD's,
where properties could be things such as the album artist, date of
release, number of tracks, and so on.

Properties can be conveiently edited and viewed in column view
(@pxref{Column view}).

Properties are like tags, but with a value.  For example, in a file
where you document bugs and plan releases of a piece of software,
instead of using tags like @code{:release_1:}, @code{:release_2:}, it
can be more efficient to use a property @code{:Release:} with a value
@code{1.0} or @code{2.0}.  Second, you can use properties to implement
(very basic) database capabilities in an Org-mode buffer, for example to
create a list of Music CD's you own.  You can edit and view properties
conveniently in column view (@pxref{Column view}).

@menu
* Property syntax::             How properties are spelled out
* Special properties::          Access to other Org-mode features
* Property searches::           Matching property values
* Property inheritance::        Passing values down the tree
* Column view::                 Tabular viewing and editing
* Property API::                Properties for Lisp programmers
@end menu

@node Property syntax, Special properties, Properties and columns, Properties and columns

    :Publisher: Deutsche Grammphon
    :NDisks:    1
    :END:       
@end example

You may define the allowed values for a particular property @samp{:Xyz:}
by setting a property @samp{:Xyz_ALL:}.  This special property is
@emph{inherited}, so if you set it in a level 1 entry, it will apply to
the entire tree.  When allowed values are defined, setting the
corresponding property becomes easier and is less prone to typing
errors.  For the example with the CD collection, we can predefine
publishers and the number of disks in a box like this:

@table @kbd
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
@item M-@key{TAB}
After an initial colon in a line, complete property keys.  All keys used
in the current file will be offered as possible completions.
@kindex C-c C-x p
@item C-c C-x p
Set a property.  This prompts for a property name and a value.  If
necessary, the property drawer is created as well.
@item M-x org-insert-property-drawer
Insert a property drawer into the current entry.  The drawer will be
inserted early in the entry, but after the lines with planning
information like deadlines.
@kindex C-c C-c

Switch property at point to the next/previous allowed value.
@item C-c C-c d
Remove a property from the current entry.
@item C-c C-c D
Globally remove a property, from all entries in the current file.
@item C-c C-c c
Compute the property at point, using the operator and scope from the
nearest column format definition.
@end table

@node Special properties, Property searches, Property syntax, Properties and columns
@section Special Properties
@cindex properties, special

Special properties provide alternative access method to Org-mode
features discussed in the previous chapters, like the TODO state or the
priority of an entry.  This interface exists so that you can include
these states into columns view (@pxref{Column view}), or to use them in
queries.  The following property names are special and should not be
used as keys in the properties drawer:

@example
TODO         @r{The TODO keyword of the entry.}
TAGS         @r{The tags defined directly in the headline.}
ALLTAGS      @r{All tags, including inherited ones.}
PRIORITY     @r{The priority of the entry, a string with a single letter.}
DEADLINE     @r{The deadline time string, without the angular brackets.}
SCHEDULED    @r{The scheduling time stamp, without the angular brackets.}
TIMESTAMP    @r{The first keyword-less time stamp in the entry.}
TIMESTAMP_IA @r{The first inactive time stamp in the entry.}
CLOCKSUM     @r{The sum of CLOCK intervals in the subtree.  @code{org-clock-sum}}
             @r{must be run first to compute the values.}
@end example

@node Property searches, Property inheritance, Special properties, Properties and columns
@section Property searches
@cindex properties, searching
@cindex properties, inheritance
@cindex searching, of properties
@cindex inheritance, of properties

To create sparse trees and special lists with selection based on
properties, the same commands are used as for tag searches (@pxref{Tag
searches}), and the same logic applies.  For example, a search string

@example
+work-boss+PRIORITY="A"+Coffee="unlimited"+With=@{Sarah\|Denny@}
@end example

@noindent
finds entries tagged @samp{:work:} but not @samp{:boss:}, which
also have a priority value @samp{A}, a @samp{:Coffee:} property with the
value @samp{unlimited}, and a @samp{:With:} property that is matched by
the regular expression @samp{Sarah\|Denny}.

You can configure Org-mode to use property inheritance during a search,
see @ref{Property inheritance} for details.

There is also a special command for creating sparse trees based on a
single property:

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c / p
@item C-c / p
Create a sparse tree based on the value of a property.  This first
prompts for the name of a property, and then for a value.  A sparse tree
is created with all entries that define this property with the given
value.  If you enclose the value into curly braces, it is interpreted as
a regular expression and matched against the property values.
@end table

@node Property inheritance, Column view, Property searches, Properties and columns
@section Property Inheritance

The outline structure of Org-mode documents lends itself for an
inheritance model of properties: If the parent in a tree has a certain
property, the children can inherit this property.  Org-mode does not
turn this on by default, because it can slow down property searches
significantly and is often not needed.  However, if you find inheritance
useful, you can turn it on by setting the variable
@code{org-use-property-inheritance}.  It may be set to @code{t}, to make
all properties inherited from the parent, or to a list of properties
that should be inherited.

Org-mode has a few properties for which inheritance is hard-coded, at
least for the special applications for which they are used:

@table @code
@item COLUMNS
The @code{:COLUMNS:} property defines the format of column view
(@pxref{Column view}).  It is inherited in the sense that the level
where a @code{:COLUMNS:} property is defined is used as the starting
point for a column view table, independently of the location in the
subtree from where columns view is turned on.
@item CATEGORY
For agenda view, a category set through a @code{:CATEGORY:} property
applies to the entire subtree.
@item ARCHIVE
For archiving, the @code{:ARCHIVE:} property may define the archive
location for the entire subtree (@pxref{Moving subtrees}).
@end table

@node Column view, Property API, Property inheritance, Properties and columns
@section Column View

A great way to view and edit properties in an outline tree is
@emph{column view}.  In column view, each outline item is turned into a
table row.  Columns in this table provide access to properties of the

queries have collected selected items, possibly from a number of files.

@menu
* Defining columns::            The COLUMNS format property
* Using column view::           How to create and use column view
* Capturing Column View::       A dynamic block for column view
@end menu

@node Defining columns, Using column view, Column view, Column view
@subsection Defining Columns
@cindex column view, for properties

@example
#+COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO
@end example

To specify a format that only applies to a specific tree, add a
@code{:COLUMNS:} property to the top node of that tree, for example:

@example
** Top node for columns view
   :PROPERTIES:
   :COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO
   :END:
@end example

If a @code{:COLUMNS:} property is present in an entry, it defines columns
for the entry itself, and for the entire subtree below it.  Since the
column definition is part of the hierarchical structure of the document,
you can define columns on level 1 that are general enough for all
sublevels, and more specific columns further down, when you edit a
deeper part of the tree.

(title)         @r{The header text for the column. If omitted, the}
                @r{property name is used.}
@{summary-type@}  @r{The summary type.  If specified, the column values for}
                @r{parent nodes are computed from the children.}
                @r{Supported summary types are:}
                @{+@}       @r{Sum numbers in this column.}
                @{+;%.1f@}  @r{Like @samp{+}, but format result with @samp{%.1f}.}
                @{$@}       @r{Currency, short for @samp{+;%.2f}.}
                @{:@}       @r{Sum times, HH:MM:SS, plain numbers are hours.}
                @{X@}       @r{Checkbox status, [X] if all children are [X].}
@end example

@noindent
Here is an example for a complete columns definition, along with allowed
values.

@example
:COLUMNS:  %20ITEM %9Approved(Approved?)@{X@} %Owner %11Status \@footnote{Please note that the COLUMNS definition must be on a single line - it is wrapped here only because of formatting constraints.}
                   %10Time_Estimate@{:@} %CLOCKSUM
:Owner_ALL:    Tammy Mark Karl Lisa Don
:Status_ALL:   "In progress" "Not started yet" "Finished" ""
:Approved_ALL: "[ ]" "[X]"
@end example

@samp{Status} with four different possible values, and for a checkbox
field @samp{Approved}.  When no width is given after the @samp{%}
character, the column will be exactly as wide as it needs to be in order
to fully display all values.  The @samp{Approved} column does have a
modified title (@samp{Approved?}, with a question mark).  Summaries will
be created for the @samp{Time_Estimate} column by adding time duration
expressions like HH:MM, and for the @samp{Approved} column, by providing
an @samp{[X]} status if all children have been checked.  The
@samp{CLOCKSUM} column is special, it lists the sum of CLOCK intervals
in the subtree.

@node Using column view, Capturing Column View, Defining columns, Column view
@subsection Using Column View

@table @kbd
@tsubheading{Turning column view on and off}
@kindex C-c C-x C-c
@item C-c C-x C-c
Create the column view for the local environment.  This command searches
the hierarchy, up from point, for a @code{:COLUMNS:} property that defines
a format.  When one is found, the column view table is established for
the entire tree, starting from the entry that contains the @code{:COLUMNS:}
property.  If none is found, the format is taken from the @code{#+COLUMNS}
line or from the variable @code{org-columns-default-format}, and column
view is established for the current entry and its subtree.
@kindex q
@item q

@item e
Edit the property at point.  For the special properties, this will
invoke the same interface that you normally use to change that
property.  For example, when editing a TAGS property, the tag completion
or fast selection interface will pop up.
@kindex C-c C-c
@item C-c C-c
When there is a checkbox at point, toggle it.
@kindex v
@item v
View the full value of this property.  This is useful if the width of
the column is smaller than that of the value.
@kindex a

@kindex S-M-@key{left}
@item S-M-@key{left}
Delete the current column.
@end table

@node Capturing Column View,  , Using column view, Column view
@subsection Capturing Column View

Since column view is just an overlay over a buffer, it cannot be
exported or printed directly.  If you want to capture a column view, use
the dynamic block (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}).  The frame of this block
looks like this:

@example
* The column view
#+BEGIN: columnview :hlines 1 :id "label"

#+END:
@end example

@noindent This dynamic block has the following parameters:

@table @code
@item :id
This is most important parameter.  Column view is a feature that is
often localized to a certain (sub)tree, and the capture block might be
in a different location in the file.  To identify the tree whose view to
capture, you can use 3 values:
@example
local     @r{use the tree in which the capture block is located}
global    @r{make a global view, including all headings in the file}
"label"   @r{call column view in the tree that has and @code{:ID:}}
          @r{property with the value @i{label}}
@end example
@item :hlines
When @code{t}, insert a hline after every line.  When a number N, insert
a hline before each headline with level @code{<= N}.
@item :vlines
When set to @code{t}, enforce column groups to get vertical lines.
@end table

@noindent
The following commands insert or update the dynamic block:

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-x r
@item C-c C-x r
Insert a dynamic block capturing a column view.  You will be prompted
for the scope or id of the view.
@kindex C-c C-c
@item C-c C-c
@kindex C-c C-x C-u
@itemx C-c C-x C-u
Update dynamical block at point.  The cursor needs to be in the
@code{#+BEGIN} line of the dynamic block.
@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-u
@item C-u C-c C-x C-u
Update all dynamic blocks (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}).  This is useful if
you have several clocktable blocks in a buffer.
@end table

@node Property API,  , Column view, Properties and columns
@section The Property API
@cindex properties, API
@cindex API, for properties

There is a full API for accessing and changing properties.  This API can
be used by Emacs Lisp programs to work with properties and to implement
features based on them.  For more information see @ref{Using the
property API}.

@node Dates and times, Remember, Properties and columns, Top
@chapter Dates and Times
@cindex dates
@cindex times
@cindex time stamps
@cindex date stamps

To assist project planning, TODO items can be labeled with a date and/or
a time.  The specially formatted string carrying the date and time
information is called a @emph{timestamp} in Org-mode.  This may be a
little confusing because timestamp is often used as indicating when
something was created or last changed.  However, in Org-mode this term
is used in a much wider sense.

@menu
* Time stamps::                 Assigning a time to a tree entry
* Creating timestamps::         Commands which insert timestamps
* Deadlines and scheduling::    Planning your work
* Clocking work time::          
@end menu


@node Time stamps, Creating timestamps, Dates and times, Dates and times
@section Time stamps, deadlines and scheduling
@cindex time stamps
@cindex ranges, time
@cindex date stamps
@cindex deadlines
@cindex scheduling

A time stamp is a specification of a date (possibly with time or a range
of times) in a special format, either @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue>} or
@samp{<2003-09-16 Tue 09:39>} or @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue
12:00-12:30>}@footnote{This is the standard ISO date/time format.  To
use an alternative format, see @ref{Custom time format}.}.  A time stamp
can appear anywhere in the headline or body of an org-tree entry.  Its
presence causes entries to be shown on specific dates in the agenda
(@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}).  We distinguish:

@table @var
@item Plain time stamp; Event; Appointment
@cindex timestamp
A simple time stamp just assigns a date/time to an item.  This is just
like writing down an appointment or event in a paper agenda.  In the
timeline and agenda displays, the headline of an entry associated with a
plain time stamp will be shown exactly on that date.

@example
* Meet Peter at the movies <2006-11-01 Wed 19:15>
* Discussion on climate change <2006-11-02 Thu 20:00-22:00>
@end example

* Gillian comes late for the fifth time [2006-11-01 Wed]
@end example

@end table

@node Creating timestamps, Deadlines and scheduling, Time stamps, Dates and times
@section Creating timestamps
@cindex creating timestamps
@cindex timestamps, creating

For Org-mode to recognize time stamps, they need to be in the specific

@node The date/time prompt, Custom time format, Creating timestamps, Creating timestamps
@subsection The date/time prompt
@cindex date, reading in minibuffer
@cindex time, reading in minibuffer

When Org-mode prompts for a date/time, the default is shown as an ISO
date, and the prompt therefore seems to ask for an ISO date.  But it
will in fact accept any string containing some date and/or time
information, and it is really smart about interpreting your input.  You
can, for example, use @kbd{C-y} to paste a (possibly multi-line) string
copied from an email message.  Org-mode will find whatever information
is in there and derive anything you have not specified from the
@emph{default date and time}.  The default is usually the current date
and time, but when modifying an existing time stamp, or when entering
the second stamp of a range, it is taken from the stamp in the buffer.
When filling in information, Org-mode assumes that most of the time you
will want to enter a date in the future: If you omit the month/year and
the given day/month is @i{before} today, it will assume that you mean a
future date@footnote{See the variable
@code{org-read-date-prefer-future}.}.

For example, lets assume that today is @b{June 13, 2006}.  Here is how
various inputs will be interpreted, the items filled in by Org-mode are
in @b{bold}.

@example
3-2-5         --> 2003-02-05
14            --> @b{2006}-@b{06}-14
12            --> @b{2006}-@b{07}-12
Fri           --> nearest Friday (defaultdate or later)
sep 15        --> @b{2006}-11-15
feb 15        --> @b{2007}-02-15
sep 12 9      --> 2009-09-12
12:45         --> @b{2006}-@b{06}-@b{13} 12:45
22 sept 0:34  --> @b{2006}-09-22 0:34
@end example

Furthermore you can specify a relative date by giving, as the
@emph{first} thing in the input: a plus/minus sign, a number and a
letter [dwmy] to indicate change in days weeks, months, years.  With a
single plus or minus, the date is always relative to today.  With a
double plus or minus, it is relative to the default date.  If instead of
a single letter, you use the abbreviation of day name, the date will be
the nth such day.  E.g.

@example
+4d           --> four days from today
+4            --> same as above
+2w           --> two weeks from today
++5           --> five days from default date
+2tue         --> second tuesday from now.
@end example

The function understands English month and weekday abbreviations.  If
you want to use unabbreviated names and/or other languages, configure
the variables @code{parse-time-months} and @code{parse-time-weekdays}.

prompt, either by clicking on a date in the calendar, or by pressing
@key{RET}, the date selected in the calendar will be combined with the
information entered at the prompt.  You can control the calendar fully
from the minibuffer:

@kindex <
@kindex >
@kindex mouse-1
@kindex S-@key{right}
@kindex S-@key{left}
@kindex S-@key{down}
@kindex S-@key{up}
@kindex M-S-@key{right}
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
@kindex @key{RET}
@example
> / <          @r{Scroll calendar forward/backward by one month.}
mouse-1        @r{Select date by clicking on it.}
S-@key{right}/@key{left}     @r{One day forward/backward.}
S-@key{down}/@key{up}     @r{One week forward/backward.}
M-S-@key{right}/@key{left}   @r{One month forward/backward.}
@key{RET}           @r{Choose date in calendar.}
@end example

The actions of the date/time prompt may seem complex, but I asure you
they will grow on you.  To help you understand what is going on, the
current interpretation of your input will be displayed live in the
minibuffer@footnote{If you find this distracting, turn the display of
with @code{org-read-date-display-live}.}.

@node Custom time format,  , The date/time prompt, Creating timestamps
@subsection Custom time format
@cindex custom date/time format
@cindex time format, custom

using dates in tables, table alignment will be messed up.  If the custom
format is shorter, things do work as expected.
@end itemize


@node Deadlines and scheduling, Clocking work time, Creating timestamps, Dates and times
@section Deadlines and Scheduling

A time stamp may be preceded by special keywords to facilitate planning:

@table @var
@item DEADLINE
@cindex DEADLINE keyword

Meaning: the task (most likely a TODO item, though not necessarily) is supposed
to be finished on that date.

On the deadline date, the task will be listed in the agenda.  In
addition, the agenda for @emph{today} will carry a warning about the
approaching or missed deadline, starting
@code{org-deadline-warning-days} before the due date, and continuing
until the entry is marked DONE.  An example:

@example
*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide
    The editor in charge is [[bbdb:Ford Prefect]]
    DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun>

deadlines using the following syntax.  Here is an example with a warning
period of 5 days @code{DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun -5d>}.

@item SCHEDULED
@cindex SCHEDULED keyword

Meaning: you are planning to start working on that task on the given
date.

The headline will be listed under the given date@footnote{It will still
be listed on that date after it has been marked DONE.  If you don't like
this, set the variable @code{org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done}.}.  In
addition, a reminder that the scheduled date has passed will be present
in the compilation for @emph{today}, until the entry is marked DONE.
I.e., the task will automatically be forwarded until completed.

@example
*** TODO Call Trillian for a date on New Years Eve.
    SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat>
@end example

@noindent
@b{Important:} Scheduling an item in Org-mode should @i{not} be
understood in the same way that we understand @i{scheduling a meeting}.
Setting a date for a meeting is just a simple appointment, you should
mark this entry with a simple plain time stamp, to get this item shown
on the date where it applies.  This is a frequent mis-understanding from
Org-users.  In Org-mode, @i{scheduling} means setting a date when you
want to start working on an action item.
@end table

You may use time stamps with repeaters in scheduling and deadline
entries.  Org-mode will issue early and late warnings based on the
assumption that the time stamp represents the @i{nearest instance} of
the repeater.  However, the use of diary sexp entries like
@c
@code{<%%(diary-float t 42)>}
@c
in scheduling and deadline timestamps is limited.  Org-mode does not
know enough about the internals of each sexp function to issue early and
late warnings.  However, it will show the item on each day where the
sexp entry matches.

@menu
* Inserting deadline/schedule::  Planning items
* Repeated tasks::              Items that show up again and again
@end menu

@table @kbd
@c
@kindex C-c C-d
@item C-c C-d
Insert @samp{DEADLINE} keyword along with a stamp.  The insertion will
happen in the line directly following the headline.  When called with a
prefix arg, an existing deadline will be removed from the entry.
@c FIXME Any CLOSED timestamp will be removed.????????
@c
@kindex C-c / d
@cindex sparse tree, for deadlines
@item C-c / d
Create a sparse tree with all deadlines that are either past-due, or
which will become due within @code{org-deadline-warning-days}.
With @kbd{C-u} prefix, show all deadlines in the file.  With a numeric
prefix, check that many days.  For example, @kbd{C-1 C-c / d} shows
all deadlines due tomorrow.
@c
@kindex C-c C-s
@item C-c C-s
Insert @samp{SCHEDULED} keyword along with a stamp.  The insertion will
happen in the line directly following the headline.  Any CLOSED
timestamp will be removed.  When called with a prefix argument, remove
the scheduling date from the entry.
@end table

@node Repeated tasks,  , Inserting deadline/schedule, Deadlines and scheduling
@subsection Repeated Tasks

Some tasks need to be repeated again and again.  Org-mode helps to
organize such tasks using a so-called repeater in a DEADLINE or
SCHEDULED time stamp.  In the following example
@example
** TODO Pay the rent
   DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m>
@end example
the @code{+1m} is a repeater; the intended interpretation is that the
task has a deadline on <2005-10-01> and repeats itself every (one) month
starting from that time.

Deadlines and scheduled items produce entries in the agenda when they
are over-due, so it is important to be able to mark such an entry as
completed once you have done so.  When you mark a DEADLINE or a SCHEDULE
with the todo keyword DONE, it will no longer produce entries in the

@example
** TODO Pay the rent
   DEADLINE: <2005-11-01 Tue +1m>
@end example

You will also be prompted for a note@footnote{You can change this using
the option @code{org-log-repeat}, or the @code{#+STARTUP} options
@code{logrepeat} and @code{nologrepeat}.} that will be put under the
DEADLINE line to keep a record that you actually acted on the previous
instance of this deadline.

As a consequence of shifting the base date, this entry will no longer be
visible in the agenda when checking past dates, but all future instances
will be visible.

You may have both scheduling and deadline information for a specific
task - just make sure that the repeater intervals on both are the same.

@node Clocking work time,  , Deadlines and scheduling, Dates and times
@section Clocking work time

Org-mode allows you to clock the time you spent on specific tasks in a
project.  When you start working on an item, you can start the clock.
When you stop working on that task, or when you mark the task done, the
clock is stopped and the corresponding time interval is recorded.  It

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-x C-i
@item C-c C-x C-i
Start the clock on the current item (clock-in).  This inserts the CLOCK
keyword together with a timestamp.  If this is not the first clocking of
this item, the multiple CLOCK lines will be wrapped into a
@code{:CLOCK:} drawer (see also the variable
@code{org-clock-into-drawer}.
@kindex C-c C-x C-o
@item C-c C-x C-o
Stop the clock (clock-out).  The inserts another timestamp at the same
location where the clock was last started.  It also directly computes
the resulting time in inserts it after the time range as @samp{=>

if it is running in this same item.
@kindex C-c C-x C-x
@item C-c C-x C-x
Cancel the current clock.  This is useful if a clock was started by
mistake, or if you ended up working on something else.
@kindex C-c C-x C-j
@item C-c C-x C-j
Jump to the entry that contains the currently running clock, an another
window.
@kindex C-c C-x C-d
@item C-c C-x C-d
Display time summaries for each subtree in the current buffer.  This
puts overlays at the end of each headline, showing the total time
recorded under that heading, including the time of any subheadings. You

when you change the buffer (see variable
@code{org-remove-highlights-with-change}) or press @kbd{C-c C-c}.
@kindex C-c C-x C-r
@item C-c C-x C-r
Insert a dynamic block (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}) containing a clock
report as an org-mode table into the current file.  When the cursor is
at an existing clock table, just update it.  When called with a prefix
argument, jump to the first clock report in the current document and
update it.
@example
#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :emphasize nil :scope file

#+END: clocktable
@end example
@noindent
If such a block already exists at point, its content is replaced by the
new table.  The @samp{BEGIN} line can specify options:
@example
:maxlevel    @r{Maximum level depth to which times are listed in the table.}
:emphasize   @r{When @code{t}, emphasize level one and level two items}
:scope       @r{The scope to consider.  This can be any of the following:}
             nil        @r{the current buffer or narrowed region}
             file       @r{the full current buffer}
             subtree    @r{the subtree where the clocktable is located}
             treeN      @r{the surrounding level N tree, for example @code{tree3}}
             tree       @r{the surrounding level 1 tree}
             agenda     @r{all agenda files}
             ("file"..) @r{scan these files}
:block       @r{The time block to consider.  This block is specified relative}
             @r{to the current time and may be any of these keywords:}
             @r{@code{today}, @code{yesterday}, @code{thisweek}, @code{lastweek},}
             @r{@code{thismonth}, @code{lastmonth}, @code{thisyear}, or @code{lastyear}}.
:tstart      @r{A time string specifying when to start considering times}
:tend        @r{A time string specifying when to stop considering times}
@end example
So to get a clock summary of the current level 1 tree, for the current
day, you could write
@example
#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :block today :scope tree1

#+END: clocktable
@end example
and to use a specific time range you could write@footnote{Note that all
parameters must be specified in a single line - the line is broken here

#+BEGIN: clocktable :tstart "<2006-08-10 Thu 10:00>" 
                    :tend "<2006-08-10 Thu 12:00>"

#+END: clocktable
@end example
@kindex C-c C-c
@item C-c C-c
@kindex C-c C-x C-u
@itemx C-c C-x C-u
Update dynamical block at point.  The cursor needs to be in the
@code{#+BEGIN} line of the dynamic block.
@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-u
@item C-u C-c C-x C-u
Update all dynamic blocks (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}).  This is useful if
you have several clocktable blocks in a buffer.
@end table

The @kbd{l} key may be used in the timeline (@pxref{Timeline}) and in
the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}) to show which tasks have been
worked on or closed during a day.

@node Remember, Agenda views, Dates and times, Top
@chapter Remember
@cindex @file{remember.el}

The @i{Remember} package by John Wiegley lets you store quick notes with
little interruption of your work flow.  See
@uref{http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/RememberMode} for more
information.  It is an excellent way to add new notes and tasks to
Org-mode files.  Org-mode significantly expands the possibilities of
@i{remember}: You may define templates for different note types, and
associate target files and headlines with specific templates.  It also
allows you to select the location where a note should be stored
interactively, on the fly.

@menu
* Setting up remember::         Some code for .emacs to get things going
* Remember templates::          Define the outline of different note types
* Storing notes::               Directly get the note to where it belongs
* Refiling notes::              Moving a note or task to a project
@end menu

@node Setting up remember, Remember templates, Remember, Remember
@section Setting up remember

The following customization will tell @i{remember} to use org files as
target, and to create annotations compatible with Org-mode links.

@example
(org-remember-insinuate)
(setq org-directory "~/path/to/my/orgfiles/")
(setq org-default-notes-file (concat org-directory "/notes.org"))
(define-key global-map "\C-cr" 'org-remember)
@end example

The last line binds the command @code{org-remember} to a global
key@footnote{Please select your own key, @kbd{C-c r} is only a
suggestion.}.  @code{org-remember} basically just calls @code{remember},
but it makes a few things easier: If there is an active region, it will
automatically copy the region into the remember buffer.  It also allows
to jump to the buffer and location where remember notes are being
stored: Just call @code{org-remember} with a prefix argument.

@node Remember templates, Storing notes, Setting up remember, Remember
@section Remember templates
@cindex templates, for remember

In combination with Org-mode, you can use templates to generate
different types of @i{remember} notes.  For example, if you would like
to use one template to create general TODO entries, another one for
journal entries, and a third one for collecting random ideas, you could
use:

@example
(setq org-remember-templates
 '(("Todo" ?t "* TODO %?\n  %i\n  %a" "~/org/TODO.org" "Tasks")
   ("Journal" ?j "* %U %?\n\n  %i\n  %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org")
   ("Idea" ?i "* %^@{Title@}\n  %i\n  %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org" "New Ideas")))
@end example

@noindent In these entries, the first string is just a name, and the
character specifies how to select the template.  It is useful if the
character is also the first letter of the name.  The next string
specifies the template.  Two more (optional) strings give the file in
which, and the headline under which the new note should be stored.  The
file (if not present or @code{nil}) defaults to
@code{org-default-notes-file}, the heading to
@code{org-remember-default-headline}.

When you call @kbd{M-x remember} (or @kbd{M-x org-remember}) to remember
something, org will prompt for a key to select the template (if you have
more than one template) and then prepare the buffer like
@example
* TODO
  [[file:link to where you called remember]]
@end example

@noindent
During expansion of the template, special @kbd{%}-escapes allow dynamic
insertion of content:
@example
%^@{prompt@}  @r{prompt the user for a string and replace this sequence with it.}
            @r{You may specify a default value and a completion table with}
            @r{%^@{prompt|default|completion2|completion3...@}}
            @r{The arrow keys access a prompt-specific history.}
%t          @r{time stamp, date only}
%T          @r{time stamp with date and time}
%u, %U      @r{like the above, but inactive time stamps}
%^t         @r{like @code{%t}, but prompt for date.  Similarly @code{%^T}, @code{%^u}, @code{%^U}}
            @r{You may define a prompt like @code{%^@{Birthday@}t}}
%n          @r{user name (taken from @code{user-full-name})}
%a          @r{annotation, normally the link created with @code{org-store-link}}
%A          @r{like @code{%a}, but prompt for the description part}
%i          @r{initial content, the region when remember is called with C-u.}
            @r{The entire text will be indented like @code{%i} itself.}
%c          @r{Content of the clipboard, or current kill ring head.}
%^g         @r{prompt for tags, with completion on tags in target file.}
%^G         @r{prompt for tags, with completion all tags in all agenda files.}
%:keyword   @r{specific information for certain link types, see below}
%[pathname] @r{insert the contents of the file given by @code{pathname}}
%(sexp)     @r{evaluate elisp @code{(sexp)} and replace with the result}
%!          @r{immediately store note after completing the template}
            @r{(skipping the @kbd{C-c C-c} that normally triggers storing)}
@end example

@noindent
For specific link types, the following keywords will be
defined@footnote{If you define your own link types (@pxref{Adding
hyperlink types}), any property you store with
@code{org-store-link-props} can be accessed in remember templates in a
similar way.}:

@example
Link type          |  Available keywords
-------------------+----------------------------------------------
bbdb               |  %:name %:company
vm, wl, mh, rmail  |  %:type %:subject %:message-id
                   |  %:from %:fromname %:fromaddress
                   |  %:to   %:toname   %:toaddress
                   |  %:fromto @r{(either "to NAME" or "from NAME")@footnote{This will always be the other, not the user.  See the variable @code{org-from-is-user-regexp}.}}       
gnus               |  %:group, @r{for messages also all email fields}
w3, w3m            |  %:url
info               |  %:file %:node
calendar           |  %:date"
@end example

@noindent
To place the cursor after template expansion use:

@example
%?          @r{After completing the template, position cursor here.}
@end example

@noindent
If you change you mind about which template to use, call
@code{org-remember} in the remember buffer.  You may then select a new
template that will be filled with the previous context information.

@node Storing notes, Refiling notes, Remember templates, Remember
@section Storing notes

When you are finished preparing a note with @i{remember}, you have to
press @kbd{C-c C-c} to file the note away.  The handler will store the
note in the file and under the headline specified in the template, or it
will use the default file and headlines.  The window configuration will
be restored, sending you back to the working context before the call to
@code{remember}.  To re-use the location found during the last call to
@code{remember}, exit the remember buffer with @kbd{C-u C-u C-c C-c},
i.e. specify a double prefix argument to @kbd{C-c C-c}.

If you want to store the note directly to a different place, use
@kbd{C-u C-c C-c} instead to exit remember@footnote{Configure the
variable @code{org-remember-store-without-prompt} to make this behavior
the default.}.  The handler will then first prompt for a target file -
if you press @key{RET}, the value specified for the template is used.
Then the command offers the headings tree of the selected file, with the
cursor position at the default headline (if you had specified one in the
template).  You can either immediately press @key{RET} to get the note
placed there.  Or you can use the following keys to find a different
location:
@example
@key{TAB}         @r{Cycle visibility.}
@key{down} / @key{up}   @r{Next/previous visible headline.}
n / p        @r{Next/previous visible headline.}
f / b        @r{Next/previous headline same level.}
u            @r{One level up.}
@c 0-9          @r{Digit argument.}
@end example
@noindent
Pressing @key{RET} or @key{left} or @key{right}
then leads to the following result.

@multitable @columnfractions 0.2 0.15 0.65
@item @b{Cursor position} @tab @b{Key} @tab @b{Note gets inserted}
@item on headline     @tab @key{RET}              @tab as sublevel of the heading at cursor, first or last
@item                 @tab                        @tab depending on @code{org-reverse-note-order}.
@item                 @tab @key{left}/@key{right} @tab as same level, before/after current heading
@item buffer-start    @tab @key{RET} @tab as level 2 heading at end of file or level 1 at beginning
@item                 @tab @tab depending on @code{org-reverse-note-order}.
@item not on headline @tab @key{RET}
      @tab at cursor position, level taken from context.
@end multitable

Before inserting the text into a tree, the function ensures that the
text has a headline, i.e. a first line that starts with a @samp{*}.  If
not, a headline is constructed from the current date and some additional
data.  If you have indented the text of the note below the headline, the
indentation will be adapted if inserting the note into the tree requires
demotion from level 1.

@node Refiling notes,  , Storing notes, Remember
@section Refiling notes
@cindex refiling notes

Remember is usually used to quickly capture notes and tasks into one or
a few capture lists.  When reviewing the captured data, you may want to
refile some of the entries into a different list, for example into a
project.  Cutting, finding the right location and then pasting the note
is cumbersome.  To simplify this process, you can use the following
special command:

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-w
@item C-c C-w
Refile the entry at point.  This command offers possible locations for
refiling the entry and lets you select one with completion.  The item is
filed below the target heading as a subitem.  Depending on
@code{org-reverse-note-order}, it will be either the first of last
subitem, and you can toggle the value of this variable for the duration
of the command by using a @kbd{C-u} prefix.@* By default, all level 1
headlines in the current buffer are considered to be targets, but you
can have more complex definitions across a number of files.  See the
variable @code{org-refile-targets} for details.  The list of targets is
compiled upon first use, you can update it by using a double prefix
argument (@kbd{C-u C-u}) to this command.
@end table

@node Agenda views, Embedded LaTeX, Remember, Top
@chapter Agenda Views
@cindex agenda views

Due to the way Org-mode works, TODO items, time-stamped items, and
tagged headlines can be scattered throughout a file or even a number of
files.  To get an overview of open action items, or of events that are
important for a particular date, this information must be collected,
sorted and displayed in an organized way.

Org-mode can select items based on various criteria, and display them
in a separate buffer.  Six different view types are provided:

@node Agenda files, Agenda dispatcher, Agenda views, Agenda views
@section Agenda files
@cindex agenda files
@cindex files for agenda

The information to be shown is normally collected from all @emph{agenda
files}, the files listed in the variable
@code{org-agenda-files}@footnote{If the value of that variable is not a
list, but a single file name, then the list of agenda files will be
maintained in that external file.}. If a directory is part of this list,
all files with the extension @file{.org} in this directory will be part
of the list.

Thus even if you only work with a single Org-mode file, this file should
be put into that list@footnote{When using the dispatcher, pressing
@kbd{<} before selecting a command will actually limit the command to
the current file, and ignore @code{org-agenda-files} until the next
dispatcher command.}.  You can customize @code{org-agenda-files}, but
the easiest way to maintain it is through the following commands

@cindex files, adding to agenda list
@table @kbd

@end table

@noindent
The Org menu contains the current list of files and can be used
to visit any of them.

If you would like to focus the agenda temporarily onto a file not in
this list, or onto just one file in the list or even only a subtree in a
file, this can be done in different ways.  For a single agenda command,
you may press @kbd{<} once or several times in the dispatcher
(@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).  To restrict the agenda scope for an
extended period, use the following commands:

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-x <
@item C-c C-x <
Permanently restrict the agenda to the current subtree.  When with a
prefix argument, or with the cursor before the first headline in a file,
the agenda scope is set to the entire file.  This restriction remains in
effect until removed with @kbd{C-c C-x >}, or by typing either @kbd{<}
or @kbd{>} in the agenda dispatcher.  If there is a window displaying an
agenda view, the new restriction takes effect immediately.
@kindex C-c C-x <
@item C-c C-x <
Remove the permanent restriction created by @kbd{C-c C-x <}.
@end table

@noindent
When working with @file{Speedbar}, you can use the following commands in
the speedbar frame:
@table @kbd
@kindex <
@item < @r{in the speedbar frame}
Permanently restrict the agenda to the item at the cursor in the
speedbar frame, either an Org-mode file or a subtree in such a file.
If there is a window displaying an agenda view, the new restriction takes
effect immediately.
@kindex <
@item > @r{in the speedbar frame}
Lift the restriction again.
@end table

@node Agenda dispatcher, Built-in agenda views, Agenda files, Agenda views
@section The agenda dispatcher
@cindex agenda dispatcher
@cindex dispatching agenda commands

tags and properties}).
@item L
Create the timeline view for the current buffer (@pxref{Timeline}).
@item # @r{/} !
Create a list of stuck projects (@pxref{Stuck projects}).
@item /
Search for a regular expression in all agenda files and additionally in
the files listed in @code{org-agenda-multi-occur-extra-files}.  This
uses the Emacs command @code{multi-occur}.  A prefix argument can be
used to specify the number of context lines for each match, default is
1.
@item <
Restrict an agenda command to the current buffer@footnote{For backward
compatibility, you can also press @kbd{1} to restrict to the current
buffer.}.  After pressing @kbd{<}, you still need to press the character
selecting the command.
@item < <
If there is an active region, restrict the following agenda command to
the region.  Otherwise, restrict it to the current subtree@footnote{For
backward compatibility, you can also press @kbd{0} to restrict to the
current buffer.}.  After pressing @kbd{< <}, you still need to press the
character selecting the command.
@end table

You can also define custom commands that will be accessible through the
dispatcher, just like the default commands.  This includes the
possibility to create extended agenda buffers that contain several

@table @kbd
@cindex org-agenda, command
@kindex C-c a a
@item C-c a a
Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of org files.  The
agenda shows the entries for each day.  With a numeric
prefix@footnote{For backward compatibility, the universal prefix
@kbd{C-u} causes all TODO entries to be listed before the agenda.  This
feature is deprecated, use the dedicated TODO list, or a block agenda
instead.}  (like @kbd{C-u 2 1 C-c a a}) you may set the number of days
to be displayed (see also the variable @code{org-agenda-ndays})
@end table

Remote editing from the agenda buffer means, for example, that you can
change the dates of deadlines and appointments from the agenda buffer.
The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in @ref{Agenda

%%(org-calendar-holiday)   ; special function for holiday names
#+CATEGORY: Ann
%%(diary-anniversary 14  5 1956) Arthur Dent is %d years old
%%(diary-anniversary  2 10 1869) Mahatma Gandhi would be %d years old
@end example

@subsubheading Appointment reminders
@cindex @file{appt.el}
@cindex appointment reminders

Org can interact with Emacs appointments notification facility.

To add all the appointments of your agenda files, use the command
@code{org-agenda-to-appt}.  This commands also lets you filter through
the list of your appointments and add only those belonging to a specific
category or matching a regular expression. See the docstring for
details.

@node Global TODO list, Matching tags and properties, Weekly/Daily agenda, Built-in agenda views
@subsection The global TODO list
@cindex global TODO list
@cindex TODO list, global

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c a m
@item C-c a m
Produce a list of all headlines that match a given set of tags.  The
command prompts for a selection criterion, which is a boolean logic
expression with tags, like @samp{+work+urgent-withboss} or
@samp{work|home} (@pxref{Tags}).  If you often need a specific search,
define a custom command for it (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).
@kindex C-c a M
@item C-c a M
Like @kbd{C-c a m}, but only select headlines that are also TODO items
and force checking subitems (see variable

@subsection Categories

@cindex category
The category is a broad label assigned to each agenda item.  By default,
the category is simply derived from the file name, but you can also
specify it with a special line in the buffer, like this@footnote{For
backward compatibility, the following also works: If there are several
such lines in a file, each specifies the category for the text below it.
The first category also applies to any text before the first CATEGORY
line.  However, using this method is @emph{strongly} deprecated as it is
incompatible with the outline structure of the document.  The correct
method for setting multiple categories in a buffer is using a
property.}:

@example
#+CATEGORY: Thesis
@end example

@noindent
If you would like to have a special CATEGORY for a single entry or a
(sub)tree, give the entry a @code{:CATEGORY:} property with the location
as the value (@pxref{Properties and columns}).

@noindent
The display in the agenda buffer looks best if the category is not
longer than 10 characters.

@node Time-of-day specifications, Sorting of agenda items, Categories, Presentation and sorting
@subsection Time-of-Day Specifications
@cindex time-of-day specification

@table @kbd
@tsubheading{Motion}
@cindex motion commands in agenda
@kindex n
@item n
Next line (same as @key{up} and @kbd{C-p}).
@kindex p
@item p
Previous line (same as @key{down} and @kbd{C-n}).
@tsubheading{View/GoTo org file}
@kindex mouse-3
@kindex @key{SPC}
@item mouse-3
@itemx @key{SPC}

S-@key{right}.  When the buffer is the global todo list, a prefix
argument is interpreted to create a selective list for a specific TODO
keyword.
@c
@kindex s
@kindex C-x C-s
@item s
@itemx C-x C-s
Save all Org-mode buffers in the current Emacs session.
@c
@kindex @key{right}
@item @key{right}
Display the following @code{org-agenda-ndays} days.  For example, if

Show all tags associated with the current item.  Because of
inheritance, this may be more than the tags listed in the line itself.
@c
@kindex :
@item :
Set tags for the current headline.  If there is an active region in the
agenda, change a tag for all headings in the region.
@c
@kindex a
@item a
Toggle the ARCHIVE tag for the current headline.
@c

@c
@kindex X
@item X
Cancel the currently running clock.

@kindex J
@item J
Jump to the running clock in another window.

@tsubheading{Calendar commands}
@cindex calendar commands, from agenda
@kindex c
@item c
Open the Emacs calendar and move to the date at the agenda cursor.

@lisp
@group
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("w" todo "WAITING")
        ("W" todo-tree "WAITING")
        ("u" tags "+boss-urgent")
        ("v" tags-todo "+boss-urgent")
        ("U" tags-tree "+boss-urgent")
        ("f" occur-tree "\\<FIXME\\>")
        ("h" . "HOME+Name tags searches") ; description for "h" prefix
        ("hl" tags "+home+Lisa")
        ("hp" tags "+home+Peter")
        ("hk" tags "+home+Kim")))
@end group
@end lisp

@noindent
The initial string in each entry defines the keys you have to press
after the dispatcher command @kbd{C-c a} in order to access the command.
Usually this will be just a single character, but if you have many
similar commands, you can also define two-letter combinations where the
first character is the same in several combinations and serves as a
prefix key@footnote{You can provide a description for a prefix key by
inserting a cons cell with the prefix and the description.}.  The second
parameter is the search type, followed by the string or regular
expression to be used for the matching.  The example above will
therefore define:

@table @kbd
@item C-c a w
as a global search for TODO entries with @samp{WAITING} as the TODO
keyword
@item C-c a W
as the same search, but only in the current buffer and displaying the
results as a sparse tree
@item C-c a u
as a global tags search for headlines marked @samp{:boss:} but not
@samp{:urgent:}
@item C-c a v
as the same search as @kbd{C-c a u}, but limiting the search to
headlines that are also TODO items
@item C-c a U
as the same search as @kbd{C-c a u}, but only in the current buffer and
displaying the result as a sparse tree
@item C-c a f
to create a sparse tree (again: current buffer only) with all entries
containing the word @samp{FIXME}
@item C-c a h
as a prefix command for a HOME tags search where you have to press an
additional key (@kbd{l}, @kbd{p} or @kbd{k}) to select a name (Lisa,
Peter, or Kim) as additional tag to match.
@end table

@node Block agenda, Setting Options, Storing searches, Custom agenda views
@subsection Block agenda
@cindex block agenda

@lisp
@group
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
         ((agenda)
          (tags-todo "home")
          (tags "garden")))
        ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
         ((agenda)
          (tags-todo "work")
          (tags "office")))))
@end group
@end lisp

@noindent
This will define @kbd{C-c a h} to create a multi-block view for stuff
you need to attend to at home.  The resulting agenda buffer will contain
your agenda for the current week, all TODO items that carry the tag
@samp{home}, and also all lines tagged with @samp{garden}.  Finally the
command @kbd{C-c a o} provides a similar view for office tasks.


@node Setting Options, Exporting Agenda Views, Block agenda, Custom agenda views
@subsection Setting Options for custom commands

@group
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("w" todo "WAITING"
         ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down))
          (org-agenda-prefix-format "  Mixed: ")))
        ("U" tags-tree "+boss-urgent"
         ((org-show-following-heading nil)
          (org-show-hierarchy-above nil)))))
@end group
@end lisp

@noindent
Now the @kbd{C-c a w} command will sort the collected entries only by
priority, and the prefix format is modified to just say @samp{  Mixed: }
instead of giving the category of the entry.  The sparse tags tree of
@kbd{C-c a U} will now turn out ultra-compact, because neither the
headline hierarchy above the match, nor the headline following the match
will be shown.

@lisp
@group
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
         ((agenda)
          (tags-todo "home")
          (tags "garden"
                ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-up)))))
         ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down))))
        ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
         ((agenda)
          (tags-todo "work")
          (tags "office")))))
@end group
@end lisp

As you see, the values and parenthesis setting is a little complex.
When in doubt, use the customize interface to set this variable - it

(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("X" agenda "" nil ("agenda.html" "agenda.ps"))
        ("Y" alltodo "" nil ("todo.html" "todo.txt" "todo.ps"))
        ("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
         ((agenda)
          (tags-todo "home")
          (tags "garden"))
         nil
         ("~/views/home.html"))
        ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
         ((agenda)
          (tags-todo "work")
          (tags "office"))
         nil
         ("~/views/office.ps"))))
@end group
@end lisp

@noindent
or, if you need to modify some parameters
@example
emacs -eval '(org-batch-store-agenda-views                      \
              org-agenda-ndays 30                               \
              org-agenda-start-day "2007-11-01"                 \
              org-agenda-include-diary nil                      \
              org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))'  \
      -kill
@end example
@noindent

Export as ASCII file.  For an org file @file{myfile.org}, the ASCII file
will be @file{myfile.txt}.  The file will be overwritten without
warning.  If there is an active region, only the region will be
exported. If the selected region is a single tree, the tree head will
become the document title.  If the tree head entry has or inherits an
@code{:EXPORT_FILE_NAME:} property, that name will be used for the
export. 
@kindex C-c C-e v a
@item C-c C-e v a
Export only the visible part of the document.
@end table

Export as HTML file @file{myfile.html}.  For an org file
@file{myfile.org}, the ASCII file will be @file{myfile.html}.  The file
will be overwritten without warning.  If there is an active region, only
the region will be exported. If the selected region is a single tree,
the tree head will become the document title.  If the tree head entry
has or inherits an @code{:EXPORT_FILE_NAME:} property, that name will be
used for the export.
@kindex C-c C-e b
@item C-c C-e b
Export as HTML file and immediately open it with a browser.
@kindex C-c C-e H
@item C-c C-e H
Export to a temporary buffer, do not create a file.
@kindex C-c C-e R
@item C-c C-e R
Export the active region to a temporary buffer.  With prefix arg, do not
produce file header and foot, but just the plain HTML section for the
region.  This is good for cut-and-paste operations.
@kindex C-c C-e v h
@kindex C-c C-e v b

Org-mode contains a La@TeX{} exporter written by Bastien Guerry.

@menu
* LaTeX export commands::       How to invoke LaTeX export
* Quoting LaTeX code::          Incorporating literal LaTeX code
* Sectioning structure::        
@end menu

@node LaTeX export commands, Quoting LaTeX code, LaTeX export, LaTeX export
@subsection LaTeX export commands

@end example

@noindent
creates two levels of headings and does the rest as items.

@node Quoting LaTeX code, Sectioning structure, LaTeX export commands, LaTeX export
@subsection Quoting LaTeX code

Embedded La@TeX{} as described in @ref{Embedded LaTeX} will be correctly
inserted into the La@TeX{} file.  Forthermore, you can add special code
that should only be present in La@TeX{} export with the following

@example
#+BEGIN_LaTeX
All lines between these markers are exported literally
#+END_LaTeX
@end example



@node   Sectioning structure,  , Quoting LaTeX code, LaTeX export
@subsection Sectioning structure
@cindex LaTeX class
@cindex LaTeX sectioning structure

By default, the La@TeX{} output uses the class @code{article}.

You can change this globally by setting a different value for
@code{org-export-latex-default-class} or locally by adding an option
like @code{#+LaTeX_CLASS: myclass} in your file.  The class should be
listed in @code{org-export-latex-classes}, where you can also define the
sectioning structure for each class.


@node XOXO export, iCalendar export, LaTeX export, Exporting
@section XOXO export
@cindex XOXO export

Org-mode contains an exporter that produces XOXO-style output.

Create a single large iCalendar file from all files in
@code{org-agenda-files} and write it to the file given by
@code{org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file}.
@end table

The export will honor SUMMARY, DESCRIPTION and LOCATION properties if
the selected entries have them.  If not, the summary will be derived
from the headline, and the description from the body (limited to
@code{org-icalendar-include-body} characters).  

How this calendar is best read and updated, depends on the application
you are using.  The FAQ covers this issue.


@node Text interpretation,  , iCalendar export, Exporting

@menu
* Comment lines::               Some lines will not be exported
* Initial text::                Text before the first headline
* Footnotes::                   Numbers like [1]
* Quoted examples::             Inserting quoted chnuks of text            
* Enhancing text::              Subscripts, symbols and more
* Export options::              How to influence the export settings
@end menu

@node Comment lines, Initial text, Text interpretation, Text interpretation

#+TEXT: We place the table of contents here:
#+TEXT: [TABLE-OF-CONTENTS]
#+TEXT: This goes between the table of contents and the first headline
@end example

@node Footnotes, Quoted examples, Initial text, Text interpretation
@subsection Footnotes
@cindex footnotes
@cindex @file{footnote.el}

Numbers in square brackets are treated as footnotes, so that you can use

@example
The org-mode homepage[1] clearly needs help from
a good web designer.

[1] The link is: http://orgmode.org
@end example

@noindent
@kindex C-c !
Note that the @file{footnote} package uses @kbd{C-c !} to invoke its

@code{footnote-prefix} to switch footnotes commands to another key.  Or,
if you are too used to this binding, you could use
@code{org-replace-disputed-keys} and @code{org-disputed-keys} to change
the settings in Org-mode.

@node Quoted examples, Enhancing text, Footnotes, Text interpretation
@subsection Quoted examples
@cindex quoted examples
@cindex examples, quoted
@cindex text, fixed width
@cindex fixed width text

When writing technical documents, you often need to insert examples that
are not further interpreted by Org-mode.  For historical reasons, there
are several ways to do this:

@itemize @bullet
@item
If a headline starts with the word @samp{QUOTE}, the text below the
headline will be typeset as fixed-width, to allow quoting of computer
codes etc.
@item
Lines starting with @samp{:} are also typeset in fixed-width font. 
@table @kbd
@kindex C-c :
@item C-c :
Toggle fixed-width for entry (QUOTE) or region, see below.
@end table
@item
Finally, text between
@example
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
quoted text
#+END_EXAMPLE
@end example
will also be exported in this way.
@end itemize


@node Enhancing text, Export options, Quoted examples, Text interpretation
@subsection Enhancing text for export
@cindex enhancing text
@cindex richer text

Some of the export backends of Org-mode allow for sophisticated text
formatting, this is true in particular for the HTML and La@TeX{}
backends.  Org-mode has a number of typing conventions that allow to
produce a richly formatted output.

@itemize @bullet

@cindex hand-formatted lists

backend supports lists.  See @xref{Plain lists}.

@cindex underlined text
@cindex bold text
@cindex italic text
@cindex verbatim text
@item
You can make words @b{*bold*}, @i{/italic/}, _underlined_, @code{=code=}
and @code{~verbatim~}, and, if you must, @samp{+strikethrough+}.  Text
in the code and verbatim string is not processed for org-mode specific
syntax, it is exported verbatim.

@cindex horizontal rules, in exported files
@item
A line consisting of only dashes, and at least 5 of them, will be
exported as a horizontal line (@samp{<hr/>} in HTML).

@table @kbd
@kindex C-c :
@item C-c :
Toggle fixed-width for entry (QUOTE) or region, see below.
@end table
Finally, text between
@example
#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE
quoted text
#+END_EXAMPLE
@end example
will also be exported in this way.

@cindex linebreak, forced
@item 
A double backslash @emph{at the end of a line} enforces a line break at
this position.

@cindex HTML entities, LaTeX entities
@item
Strings like @code{\alpha} will be exported as @code{α}, in the
HTML output.  These strings are exported as @code{$\alpha$} in the
La@TeX{} output.  Similarly, @code{\nbsp} will become @code{ } in
HTML and in La@TeX{}.  This applies for a long list of entities, see
the variable @code{org-html-entities} for the complete list.
@c FIXME
@end itemize

If these conversions conflict with your habits of typing ASCII text,
they can all be turned off with corresponding variables.  See the
customization group @code{org-export-general}, and the following section

@end table

@example
#+TITLE:     the title to be shown (default is the buffer name)
#+AUTHOR:    the author (default taken from @code{user-full-name})
#+DATE:      A date, fixed, of a format string for @code{format-time-string}
#+EMAIL:     his/her email address (default from @code{user-mail-address})
#+LANGUAGE:  language for HTML, e.g. @samp{en} (@code{org-export-default-language})
#+TEXT:      Some descriptive text to be inserted at the beginning.
#+TEXT:      Several lines may be given.
#+OPTIONS:   H:2 num:t toc:t \n:nil @@:t ::t |:t ^:t f:t TeX:t ...

@cindex quoted HTML tags
@cindex fixed-width sections
@cindex tables
@cindex @TeX{}-like syntax for sub- and superscripts
@cindex footnotes
@cindex special strings
@cindex emphasized text
@cindex @TeX{} macros
@cindex La@TeX{} fragments
@cindex author info, in export
@cindex time info, in export

::         @r{turn on/off fixed-width sections}
|:         @r{turn on/off tables}
^:         @r{turn on/off @TeX{}-like syntax for sub- and superscripts.  If}
           @r{you write "^:@{@}", @code{a_@{b@}} will be interpreted, but}
           @r{the simple @code{a_b} will be left as it is.}
-:         @r{turn on/off conversion of special strings.}
f:         @r{turn on/off foototes like this[1].}
*:         @r{turn on/off emphasized text (bold, italic, underlined)}
TeX:       @r{turn on/off simple @TeX{} macros in plain text}
LaTeX:     @r{turn on/off La@TeX{} fragments}
skip:      @r{turn on/off skipping the text before the first heading}
author:    @r{turn on/off inclusion of author name/email into exported file}
timestamp: @r{turn on/off inclusion creation time into exported file}
d:         @r{turn on/off inclusion of drawers}
@end example

These options take effect in both the HTML and La@TeX{} export, except
for @code{TeX} and @code{LaTeX}, which are respectively @code{t} and
@code{nil} for the La@TeX{} export.

one variable, called @code{org-publish-project-alist}.
Each element of the list configures one project, and may be in one of
the two following forms:

@lisp
("project-name" :property value :property value ...)

@r{or} 
 
("project-name" :components ("project-name" "project-name" ...))

@end lisp

In both cases, projects are configured by specifying property values.
A project defines the set of files that will be published, as well as

@item @code{:section-numbers}       @tab @code{org-export-with-section-numbers}
@item @code{:table-of-contents}     @tab @code{org-export-with-toc}
@item @code{:archived-trees}        @tab @code{org-export-with-archived-trees}
@item @code{:emphasize}             @tab @code{org-export-with-emphasize}
@item @code{:sub-superscript}       @tab @code{org-export-with-sub-superscripts}
@item @code{:special-strings}       @tab @code{org-export-with-special-strings}
@item @code{:TeX-macros}            @tab @code{org-export-with-TeX-macros}
@item @code{:LaTeX-fragments}       @tab @code{org-export-with-LaTeX-fragments}
@item @code{:fixed-width}           @tab @code{org-export-with-fixed-width}
@item @code{:timestamps}           .@tab @code{org-export-with-timestamps}
@item @code{:tags}                 .@tab @code{org-export-with-tags}

@item @code{:auto-postamble}        @tab @code{org-export-html-auto-postamble}
@item @code{:author}                @tab @code{user-full-name}
@item @code{:email}                 @tab @code{user-mail-address}
@end multitable

If you use several email addresses, separate them by a semi-column.

Most of the @code{org-export-with-*} variables have the same effect in
both HTML and La@TeX{} exporters, except for @code{:TeX-macros} and
@code{:LaTeX-fragments}, respectively @code{nil} and @code{t} in the
La@TeX{} export.

When a property is given a value in @code{org-publish-project-alist},
its setting overrides the value of the corresponding user variable (if
any) during publishing.  Options set within a file (@pxref{Export
options}), however, override everything.

@node Publishing links, Project page index, Publishing options, Configuration
@subsection Links between published files
@cindex links, publishing

pages of your "org web" project and the links will work as expected when
you publish them to HTML.

You may also link to related files, such as images. Provided you are
careful with relative pathnames, and provided you have also configured
@code{org-publish} to upload the related files, these links will work
too. @ref{Complex example} for an example of this usage.

Sometime an Org-mode file to be published may contain links that are
only valid in your production environment, but not in the publishing
location.  In this case, use the property 

This line sets the category for the agenda file.  The category applies
for all subsequent lines until the next @samp{#+CATEGORY} line, or the
end of the file.  The first such line also applies to any entries before it.
@item #+COLUMNS: %25ITEM .....
Set the default format for columns view.  This format applies when
columns view is invoked in location where no @code{COLUMNS} property
applies.
@item #+CONSTANTS: name1=value1 ...
Set file-local values for constants to be used in table formulas.  This
line set the local variable @code{org-table-formula-constants-local}.
The global version of this variable is
@code{org-table-formula-constants}.
@item #+DRAWERS: NAME1 .....
Set the file-local set of drawers.  The corresponding global variable is
@code{org-drawers}.
@item #+LINK:  linkword replace
These lines (several are allowed) specify link abbreviations.
@xref{Link abbreviations}.  The corresponding variable is
@code{org-link-abbrev-alist}.
@item #+PRIORITIES: highest lowest default

@cindex @code{noalign}, STARTUP keyword
@example
align      @r{align all tables}
noalign    @r{don't align tables on startup}
@end example
Logging TODO state changes and clock intervals (variables
@code{org-log-done} and @code{org-log-repeat}) can be configured using
these options.
@cindex @code{logdone}, STARTUP keyword
@cindex @code{nologging}, STARTUP keyword
@cindex @code{lognotedone}, STARTUP keyword
@cindex @code{lognoteclock-out}, STARTUP keyword
@cindex @code{lognotestate}, STARTUP keyword

These lines (several such lines are allowed) specify the legal tags in
this file, and (potentially) the corresponding @emph{fast tag selection}
keys.  The corresponding variable is @code{org-tag-alist}.
@item #+TBLFM:
This line contains the formulas for the table directly above the line.
@item #+TITLE:, #+AUTHOR:, #+EMAIL:, #+LANGUAGE:, #+TEXT:, #+OPTIONS, #+DATE:
These lines provide settings for exporting files.  For more details see
@ref{Export options}.
@item #+SEQ_TODO:   #+TYP_TODO:
These lines set the TODO keywords and their interpretation in the
current file.  The corresponding variables are @code{org-todo-keywords}

If the cursor is in a plain list item with a checkbox, toggle the status
of the checkbox.
@item
If the cursor is on a numbered item in a plain list, renumber the
ordered list.
@item
If the cursor is on the @code{#+BEGIN} line of a dynamical block, the
block is updated.
@end itemize

@node Clean view, TTY keys, The very busy C-c C-c key, Miscellaneous
@section A cleaner outline view
@cindex hiding leading stars

@node TTY keys, Interaction, Clean view, Miscellaneous
@section Using org-mode on a tty
@cindex tty keybindings

Because Org-mode contains a large number of commands, by default much of
Org-mode's core commands are bound to keys that are generally not
accessible on a tty, such as the cursor keys (@key{left}, @key{right},
@key{up}, @key{down}), @key{TAB} and @key{RET}, in particular when used
together with modifiers like @key{Meta} and/or @key{Shift}.  To access
these commands on a tty when special keys are unavailable, the following
alternative bindings can be used.  The tty bindings below will likely be
more cumbersome; you may find for some of the bindings below that a
customized work-around suits you better.  For example, changing a time
stamp is really only fun with @kbd{S-@key{cursor}} keys, whereas on a
tty you would rather use @kbd{C-c .} to re-insert the timestamp.

@multitable @columnfractions 0.15 0.2 0.2
@item @b{Default} @tab @b{Alternative 1} @tab @b{Alternative 2}
@item @kbd{S-@key{TAB}}     @tab @kbd{C-u @key{TAB}}       @tab
@item @kbd{M-@key{left}}    @tab @kbd{C-c C-x l}           @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{left}}

@file{constants.el}.
@item @file{cdlatex.el} by Carsten Dominik
@cindex @file{cdlatex.el}
Org-mode can make use of the cdlatex package to efficiently enter
La@TeX{} fragments into Org-mode files. See @ref{CDLaTeX mode}.
@item @file{imenu.el} by Ake Stenhoff and Lars Lindberg
@cindex @file{imenu.el}
Imenu allows menu access to an index of items in a file.  Org-mode
supports imenu - all you need to do to get the index is the following:
@lisp
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 
          (lambda () 'imenu-add-to-menubar "Imenu"))
@end lisp
By default the index is two levels deep - you can modify the depth using
the option @code{org-imenu-depth}.
@item @file{remember.el} by John Wiegley
@cindex @file{remember.el}
Org mode cooperates with remember, see @ref{Remember}.
@file{Remember.el} is not part of Emacs, find it on the web.
@item @file{speedbar.el} by Eric M. Ludlam
@cindex @file{speedbar.el}
Speedbar is a package that creates a special frame displaying files and
index items in files.  Org-mode supports speedbar and allows you to
drill into Org-mode files directly from the speedbar.  It also allows to
restrict the scope of agenda commands to a file or a subtree by using
the command @kbd{<} in the speedbar frame.
@cindex @file{table.el}
@item @file{table.el} by Takaaki Ota
@kindex C-c C-c
@cindex table editor, @file{table.el}
@cindex @file{table.el}

is loaded @emph{before} @file{allout.el}, for example by putting
@code{(require 'org)} early enough into your @file{.emacs} file.

@cindex @file{CUA.el}
@item @file{CUA.el} by Kim. F. Storm
Keybindings in Org-mode conflict with the @kbd{S-<cursor>} keys used by
CUA-mode (as well as pc-select-mode and s-region-mode) to select and
extend the region.  If you want to use one of these packages along with
Org-mode, configure the variable @code{org-replace-disputed-keys}.  When
set, Org-mode will move the following keybindings in Org-mode files, and
in the agenda buffer (but not during date selection).

@example
S-UP    -> M-p             S-DOWN  -> M-n
S-LEFT  -> M--             S-RIGHT -> M-+
@end example

blogs. @url{http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/blorg.html}.
@cindex @file{org2rem.el}
@item @file{org2rem.el} by Bastien Guerry
Translates Org-mode files into something readable by
Remind. @url{http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/u/org2rem.el}.
@item @file{org-toc.el} by Bastien Guerry
Produces a simple table of contents of an Org-mode file, for easy
navigation. @url{http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/u/org-registry.el}.
@item @file{org-registry.el} by Bastien Guerry
Find which Org-file link to a certain document.
@url{http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/u/org2rem.el}.
@end table

@page

@node Adding hyperlink types, Tables in arbitrary syntax, Extensions, Extensions and Hacking

can also set the @code{:description} property to provide a default for
the link description when the link is later inserted into tan Org-mode
buffer with @kbd{C-c C-l}.

@node Tables in arbitrary syntax, Dynamic blocks, Adding hyperlink types, Extensions and Hacking
@section Tables and Lists in arbitrary syntax
@cindex tables, in other modes
@cindex lists, in other modes
@cindex orgtbl-mode

Since Orgtbl-mode can be used as a minor mode in arbitrary buffers, a
frequent feature request has been to make it work with native tables in
specific languages, for example La@TeX{}.  However, this is extremely
hard to do in a general way, would lead to a customization nightmare,
and would take away much of the simplicity of the Orgtbl-mode table
editor.


This appendix describes a different approach.  We keep the Orgtbl-mode
table in its native format (the @i{source table}), and use a custom
function to @i{translate} the table to the correct syntax, and to
@i{install} it in the right location (the @i{target table}).  This puts
the burden of writing conversion functions on the user, but it allows
for a very flexible system.

Bastien added the ability to do the same with lists.  You can use Org's
facilities to edit and structure lists by turning @code{orgstruct-mode}
on, then locally exporting such lists in another format (HTML, La@TeX{}
or TeXInfo.)


@menu
* Radio tables::                Sending and receiving
* A LaTeX example::             Step by step, almost a tutorial
* Translator functions::        Copy and modify
* Radio lists::                 Doing the same for lists.
@end menu

@node Radio tables, A LaTeX example, Tables in arbitrary syntax, Tables in arbitrary syntax
@subsection Radio tables
@cindex radio tables

make this comment-toggling very easy, in particular if you bind it to a
key.
@end itemize

@node A LaTeX example, Translator functions, Radio tables, Tables in arbitrary syntax
@subsection A LaTeX example of radio tables
@cindex LaTeX, and orgtbl-mode

The best way to wrap the source table in La@TeX{} is to use the
@code{comment} environment provided by @file{comment.sty}.  It has to be
activated by placing @code{\usepackage@{comment@}} into the document

@code{:efmt (2 "$%s\\times10^@{%s@}$" 4 "$%s\\cdot10^@{%s@}$")}.  After
@code{efmt} has been applied to a value, @code{fmt} will also be
applied.
@end table

@node Translator functions, Radio lists, A LaTeX example, Tables in arbitrary syntax
@subsection Translator functions
@cindex HTML, and orgtbl-mode
@cindex translator function

Orgtbl-mode has several translator functions built-in:

@samp{#+ORGTBL: SEND} line.  The function must return a single string
containing the formatted table.  If you write a generally useful
translator, please post it on @code{emacs-orgmode@@gnu.org} so that
others can benefit from your work.

@node  Radio lists,  , Translator functions, Tables in arbitrary syntax
@subsection Radio lists
@cindex radio lists
@cindex org-list-insert-radio-list

Sending and receiving radio lists works exactly the same way than
sending and receiving radio tables (@pxref{Radio tables}) @footnote{You
need to load the @code{org-export-latex.el} package to use radio lists
since the relevant code is there for now.}.  As for radio tables, you
can insert radio lists templates in HTML, La@TeX{} and TeXInfo modes by
calling @code{org-list-insert-radio-list}.

Here are the differences with radio tables:

@itemize @minus
@item
Use @code{ORGLST} instead of @code{ORGTBL}.
@item
The available translation functions for radio lists don't take
parameters.
@item 
`C-c C-c' will work when pressed on the first item of the list.
@end itemize

Here is a La@TeX{} example.  Let's say that you have this in your
La@TeX{} file:

@example
% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGLST to-buy
% END RECEIVE ORGLST to-buy
\begin@{comment@}
#+ORGLIST: SEND to-buy orgtbl-to-latex
- a new house
- a new computer
  + a new keyboard
  + a new mouse
- a new life
\end@{comment@}
@end example

Pressing `C-c C-c' on @code{a new house} and will insert the converted
La@TeX{} list between the two marker lines.

@node Dynamic blocks, Special agenda views, Tables in arbitrary syntax, Extensions and Hacking
@section Dynamic blocks
@cindex dynamic blocks

Org-mode documents can contain @emph{dynamic blocks}.  These are

@lisp
(defun my-skip-unless-waiting ()
  "Skip trees that are not waiting"
  (let ((subtree-end (save-excursion (org-end-of-subtree t))))
    (if (re-search-forward ":waiting:" subtree-end t)
        nil          ; tag found, do not skip
      subtree-end))) ; tag not found, continue after end of subtree
@end lisp

Now you may use this function in an agenda custom command, for example

@item '(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'deadline)
Skip current entry if it has a deadline.
@item '(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'scheduled 'deadline)
Skip current entry if it has a deadline, or if it is scheduled.
@item '(org-agenda-skip-entry 'regexp "regular expression")
Skip current entry if the regular expression matches in the entry.
@item '(org-agenda-skip-entry 'notregexp "regular expression")
Skip current entry unless the regular expression matches.
@item '(org-agenda-skip-subtree-if 'regexp "regular expression")
Same as above, but check and skip the entire subtree.
@end table

Therefore we could also have written the search for WAITING projects

@lisp
(org-add-agenda-custom-command
 '("b" todo "PROJECT"
   ((org-agenda-skip-function '(org-agenda-skip-subtree-if
                                'regexp ":waiting:"))
    (org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: "))))
@end lisp


@node Using the property API,  , Special agenda views, Extensions and Hacking

`special' or `standard', only get that subclass.
@end defun
@defun org-entry-get pom property &optional inherit
Get value of PROPERTY for entry at point-or-marker POM.
If INHERIT is non-nil and the entry does not have the property,
then also check higher levels of the hierarchy.  This function ignores
the value of @code{org-use-property-inheritance} and requires the
explicit INHERIT flag.
@end defun

@defun org-entry-delete pom property
Delete the property PROPERTY from entry at point-or-marker POM.
@end defun

@defun org-insert-property-drawer
Insert a property drawer at point.
@end defun

@node History and Acknowledgments, Main Index, Extensions and Hacking, Top
@appendix History and Acknowledgments
@cindex acknowledgments
@cindex history
@cindex thanks

@i{Nic Ferrier} contributed mailcap and XOXO support.
@item
@i{John Foerch} figured out how to make incremental search show context
around a match in a hidden outline tree.
@item
@i{Niels Giesen} had the idea to automatically archive DONE trees.
@item
@i{Bastien Guerry} wrote the La@TeX{} exporter and has been prolific
with patches, ideas, and bug reports.
@item
@i{Kai Grossjohann} pointed out key-binding conflicts with other packages.
@item
@i{Scott Jaderholm} proposed footnotes, control over whitespace between
folded entries, and column view for properties.

@i{Shidai Liu} ("Leo") asked for embedded La@TeX{} and tested it.  He also
provided frequent feedback and some patches.
@item
@i{Jason F. McBrayer} suggested agenda export to CSV format.
@item
@i{Max Mikhanosha} came up with the idea of refiling.
@item
@i{Dmitri Minaev} sent a patch to set priority limits on a per-file
basis.
@item
@i{Stefan Monnier} provided a patch to keep the Emacs-Lisp compiler
happy.
@item
@i{Rick Moynihan} proposed to allow multiple TODO sequences in a file
and to be able to quickly restrict the agenda to a subtree.
@item
@i{Todd Neal} provided patches for links to Info files and elisp forms.
@item
@i{Tim O'Callaghan} suggested in-file links, search options for general
file links, and TAGS.

@i{Piotr Zielinski} wrote @file{org-mouse.el}, proposed agenda blocks
and contributed various ideas and code snippets.
@end itemize


@node Main Index, Key Index, History and Acknowledgments, Top
@unnumbered The Main Index

@printindex cp

@node Key Index,  , Main Index, Top
@unnumbered Key Index

@printindex ky

@bye