comparison lispref/vol2.texi @ 49600:23a1cea22d13

Trailing whitespace deleted.

49599:5ade352e8d1c

@finalout
@c tex
@c \overfullrule=0pt
@c end tex

@c Start volume 2 chapter numbering on chapter 21; 
@c this must be listed as chapno 20.
@tex
\global\chapno=20
@end tex

@c ==== Following are acceptable over and underfull hboxes in TeX ====

@c -----
@c [163] [164] [165] [166]) (loading.texi Chapter 13 [167] [168] [169]
@c Overfull \hbox (20.5428pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 131--131
@c []@ninett 
@c setenv EMAC-SLOAD-PATH .:/user/bil/emacs:/usr/local/lib/emacs/lisp[]
@c -----
@c (minibuf.texi Chapter 17 [206] [207] [208] [209] [210] [211] [212] [213]
@c [214] [215]
@c Overfull \hbox (2.09094pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 550--560
@c @texttt map[] @textrm if @textsl require-match @textrm is 
@c  @texttt nil[]@textrm , or else with the keymap @texttt minibuffer- 
@c -----
@c (locals.texi Appendix @char 68 [533] [534]
@c Underfull \hbox (badness 2512) in paragraph at lines 4--4
@c []@chaprm Appendix DStandard Buffer-Local 

@c -------------------------------------------------------------------

@c
@c Combine indices.

@sp 1
@center Edition 2.4, June 1995
@sp 2
@center @titlefont{Volume 2}
@sp 3
@center by Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte, 
@center and the GNU Manual Group
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 

@sp 2
Edition 2.4 @*
Revised for Emacs Version 19.29,@*
June, 1995.@*

* Buffer Text Notation::    The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
* Format of Descriptions::  Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.

Format of Descriptions

* A Sample Function Description::       
* A Sample Variable Description::   

Lisp Data Types

* Printed Representation::  How Lisp objects are represented as text.
* Comments::                Comments and their formatting conventions.

Evaluation

* Intro Eval::              Evaluation in the scheme of things.
* Eval::                    How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly.
* Forms::                   How various sorts of objects are evaluated.
* Quoting::                 Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in 
                              the program).

Kinds of Forms

* Self-Evaluating Forms::   Forms that evaluate to themselves.

* Variable Scoping::        How Lisp chooses among local and global values.
* Buffer-Local Variables::  Variable values in effect only in one buffer.

Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings

* Scope::                   Scope means where in the program a value 
                              is visible.  Comparison with other languages.
* Extent::                  Extent means how long in time a value exists.
* Impl of Scope::           Two ways to implement dynamic scoping.
* Using Scoping::           How to use dynamic scoping carefully and 
                              avoid problems.

Buffer-Local Variables

* Intro to Buffer-Local::   Introduction and concepts.

* Lambda Expressions::      How functions are expressed as Lisp objects.
* Function Names::          A symbol can serve as the name of a function.
* Defining Functions::      Lisp expressions for defining functions.
* Calling Functions::       How to use an existing function.
* Mapping Functions::       Applying a function to each element of a list, etc.
* Anonymous Functions::     Lambda-expressions are functions with no names.    
* Function Cells::          Accessing or setting the function definition
                              of a symbol.
* Related Topics::          Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives
                              that have a special bearing on how 
                              functions work.

Lambda Expressions

* Lambda Components::       The parts of a lambda expression.

Debugging Lisp Programs

* Debugger::                How the Emacs Lisp debugger is implemented.
* Syntax Errors::           How to find syntax errors.
* Compilation Errors::      How to find errors that show up in 
                              byte compilation.
* Edebug::                  A source-level Emacs Lisp debugger.
                                
The Lisp Debugger

* Error Debugging::         Entering the debugger when an error happens.
* Function Debugging::      Entering it when a certain function is called.
* Explicit Debug::          Entering it at a certain point in the program.

* Excess Close::            How to find a spurious close paren or missing open.

Reading and Printing Lisp Objects

* Streams Intro::           Overview of streams, reading and printing.
* Input Streams::           Various data types that can be used as 
                              input streams.
* Input Functions::         Functions to read Lisp objects from text.
* Output Streams::          Various data types that can be used as 
                              output streams.
* Output Functions::        Functions to print Lisp objects as text.

Minibuffers

Major and Minor Modes

* Major Modes::             Defining major modes.
* Minor Modes::             Defining minor modes.
* Mode Line Format::        Customizing the text that appears in the mode line.
* Hooks::                   How to use hooks; how to write code that 
                              provides hooks.

Major Modes

* Major Mode Conventions::  Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.

File Names

* File Name Components::    The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
* Directory Names::         A directory's name as a directory
                              is different from its name as a file.
* Relative File Names::     Some file names are relative to a 
                              current directory.
* File Name Expansion::     Converting relative file names to absolute ones.
* Unique File Names::       Generating names for temporary files.
* File Name Completion::    Finding the completions for a given file name.

Backups and Auto-Saving

* Backup Files::            How backup files are made; how their names 
                              are chosen.
* Auto-Saving::             How auto-save files are made; how their
                              names are chosen.
* Reverting::               @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize 
                              what it does.

Backup Files

* Making Backups::          How Emacs makes backup files, and when.
* Rename or Copy::          Two alternatives: renaming the old file 
                              or copying it.
* Numbered Backups::        Keeping multiple backups for each source file.
* Backup Names::            How backup file names are computed; customization.

Buffers

* Buffers and Windows::     Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
* Displaying Buffers::      Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
                              and choosing a window for it.
* Window Point::            Each window has its own location of point.
* Window Start::            The display-start position controls which text
                              is on-screen in the window. 
* Vertical Scrolling::      Moving text up and down in the window.
* Horizontal Scrolling::    Moving text sideways on the window.
* Size of Window::          Accessing the size of a window.
* Resizing Windows::        Changing the size of a window.
* Window Configurations::   Saving and restoring the state of the screen.

* Overview of Markers::     The components of a marker, and how it relocates.
* Predicates on Markers::   Testing whether an object is a marker.
* Creating Markers::        Making empty markers or markers at certain places.
* Information from Markers::  Finding the marker's buffer or character
                                position. 
* Changing Markers::        Moving the marker to a new buffer or position.
* The Mark::                How ``the mark'' is implemented with a marker.
* The Region::              How to access ``the region''.

Text

* Columns::                 Computing horizontal positions, and using them.
* Case Changes::            Case conversion of parts of the buffer.
* Substitution::            Replacing a given character wherever it appears.
* Registers::               How registers are implemented.  Accessing
                              the text or position stored in a register.
                              
The Kill Ring

* Kill Ring Concepts::      What text looks like in the kill ring.
* Kill Functions::          Functions that kill text.
* Yank Commands::           Commands that access the kill ring.

49600:23a1cea22d13

@finalout
@c tex
@c \overfullrule=0pt
@c end tex

@c Start volume 2 chapter numbering on chapter 21;
@c this must be listed as chapno 20.
@tex
\global\chapno=20
@end tex

@c ==== Following are acceptable over and underfull hboxes in TeX ====

@c -----
@c [163] [164] [165] [166]) (loading.texi Chapter 13 [167] [168] [169]
@c Overfull \hbox (20.5428pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 131--131
@c []@ninett
@c setenv EMAC-SLOAD-PATH .:/user/bil/emacs:/usr/local/lib/emacs/lisp[]
@c -----
@c (minibuf.texi Chapter 17 [206] [207] [208] [209] [210] [211] [212] [213]
@c [214] [215]
@c Overfull \hbox (2.09094pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 550--560
@c @texttt map[] @textrm if @textsl require-match @textrm is
@c  @texttt nil[]@textrm , or else with the keymap @texttt minibuffer-
@c -----
@c (locals.texi Appendix @char 68 [533] [534]
@c Underfull \hbox (badness 2512) in paragraph at lines 4--4
@c []@chaprm Appendix DStandard Buffer-Local

@c -------------------------------------------------------------------

@c
@c Combine indices.

@sp 1
@center Edition 2.4, June 1995
@sp 2
@center @titlefont{Volume 2}
@sp 3
@center by Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte,
@center and the GNU Manual Group
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

@sp 2
Edition 2.4 @*
Revised for Emacs Version 19.29,@*
June, 1995.@*

* Buffer Text Notation::    The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
* Format of Descriptions::  Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.

Format of Descriptions

* A Sample Function Description::
* A Sample Variable Description::

Lisp Data Types

* Printed Representation::  How Lisp objects are represented as text.
* Comments::                Comments and their formatting conventions.

Evaluation

* Intro Eval::              Evaluation in the scheme of things.
* Eval::                    How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly.
* Forms::                   How various sorts of objects are evaluated.
* Quoting::                 Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in
                              the program).

Kinds of Forms

* Self-Evaluating Forms::   Forms that evaluate to themselves.

* Variable Scoping::        How Lisp chooses among local and global values.
* Buffer-Local Variables::  Variable values in effect only in one buffer.

Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings

* Scope::                   Scope means where in the program a value
                              is visible.  Comparison with other languages.
* Extent::                  Extent means how long in time a value exists.
* Impl of Scope::           Two ways to implement dynamic scoping.
* Using Scoping::           How to use dynamic scoping carefully and
                              avoid problems.

Buffer-Local Variables

* Intro to Buffer-Local::   Introduction and concepts.

* Lambda Expressions::      How functions are expressed as Lisp objects.
* Function Names::          A symbol can serve as the name of a function.
* Defining Functions::      Lisp expressions for defining functions.
* Calling Functions::       How to use an existing function.
* Mapping Functions::       Applying a function to each element of a list, etc.
* Anonymous Functions::     Lambda-expressions are functions with no names.
* Function Cells::          Accessing or setting the function definition
                              of a symbol.
* Related Topics::          Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives
                              that have a special bearing on how
                              functions work.

Lambda Expressions

* Lambda Components::       The parts of a lambda expression.

Debugging Lisp Programs

* Debugger::                How the Emacs Lisp debugger is implemented.
* Syntax Errors::           How to find syntax errors.
* Compilation Errors::      How to find errors that show up in
                              byte compilation.
* Edebug::                  A source-level Emacs Lisp debugger.

The Lisp Debugger

* Error Debugging::         Entering the debugger when an error happens.
* Function Debugging::      Entering it when a certain function is called.
* Explicit Debug::          Entering it at a certain point in the program.

* Excess Close::            How to find a spurious close paren or missing open.

Reading and Printing Lisp Objects

* Streams Intro::           Overview of streams, reading and printing.
* Input Streams::           Various data types that can be used as
                              input streams.
* Input Functions::         Functions to read Lisp objects from text.
* Output Streams::          Various data types that can be used as
                              output streams.
* Output Functions::        Functions to print Lisp objects as text.

Minibuffers

Major and Minor Modes

* Major Modes::             Defining major modes.
* Minor Modes::             Defining minor modes.
* Mode Line Format::        Customizing the text that appears in the mode line.
* Hooks::                   How to use hooks; how to write code that
                              provides hooks.

Major Modes

* Major Mode Conventions::  Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.

File Names

* File Name Components::    The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
* Directory Names::         A directory's name as a directory
                              is different from its name as a file.
* Relative File Names::     Some file names are relative to a
                              current directory.
* File Name Expansion::     Converting relative file names to absolute ones.
* Unique File Names::       Generating names for temporary files.
* File Name Completion::    Finding the completions for a given file name.

Backups and Auto-Saving

* Backup Files::            How backup files are made; how their names
                              are chosen.
* Auto-Saving::             How auto-save files are made; how their
                              names are chosen.
* Reverting::               @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize
                              what it does.

Backup Files

* Making Backups::          How Emacs makes backup files, and when.
* Rename or Copy::          Two alternatives: renaming the old file
                              or copying it.
* Numbered Backups::        Keeping multiple backups for each source file.
* Backup Names::            How backup file names are computed; customization.

Buffers

* Buffers and Windows::     Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
* Displaying Buffers::      Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
                              and choosing a window for it.
* Window Point::            Each window has its own location of point.
* Window Start::            The display-start position controls which text
                              is on-screen in the window.
* Vertical Scrolling::      Moving text up and down in the window.
* Horizontal Scrolling::    Moving text sideways on the window.
* Size of Window::          Accessing the size of a window.
* Resizing Windows::        Changing the size of a window.
* Window Configurations::   Saving and restoring the state of the screen.

* Overview of Markers::     The components of a marker, and how it relocates.
* Predicates on Markers::   Testing whether an object is a marker.
* Creating Markers::        Making empty markers or markers at certain places.
* Information from Markers::  Finding the marker's buffer or character
                                position.
* Changing Markers::        Moving the marker to a new buffer or position.
* The Mark::                How ``the mark'' is implemented with a marker.
* The Region::              How to access ``the region''.

Text

* Columns::                 Computing horizontal positions, and using them.
* Case Changes::            Case conversion of parts of the buffer.
* Substitution::            Replacing a given character wherever it appears.
* Registers::               How registers are implemented.  Accessing
                              the text or position stored in a register.

The Kill Ring

* Kill Ring Concepts::      What text looks like in the kill ring.
* Kill Functions::          Functions that kill text.
* Yank Commands::           Commands that access the kill ring.