comparison man/widget.texi @ 30775:33d2bde9a99a

(Top): Add Index in the menu. (many nodes): Add index entries. (Index): New node.

30774:aa8e1dfb2873

@iftex
@afourpaper
@headings double
@end iftex
@c %**end of header

@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
* Widget: (widget).      Documenting the "widget" package used by the
                           Emacs Custom facility.

* Defining New Widgets::        
* Widget Browser::              
* Widget Minor Mode::           
* Utilities::                   
* Widget Wishlist::             
@end menu

@node  Introduction, User Interface, Top, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Introduction

Most graphical user interface toolkits, such as Motif and XView, provide
a number of standard user interface controls (sometimes known as
`widgets' or `gadgets').  Emacs doesn't really support anything like
this, except for an incredible powerful text ``widget''.  On the other
hand, Emacs does provide the necessary primitives to implement many
other widgets within a text buffer.  The @code{widget} package
simplifies this task.

The basic widgets are:

@table @code
@item link
Areas of text with an associated action.  Intended for hypertext links

visible in the buffer.
@item item
A simple constant widget intended to be used in the @code{menu-choice} and
@code{radio-button-choice} widgets. 
@item choice-item
An button item only intended for use in choices.  When invoked, the user
will be asked to select another option from the choice widget.
@item toggle
A simple @samp{on}/@samp{off} switch.
@item checkbox
A checkbox (@samp{[ ]}/@samp{[X]}). 
@item editable-list
Create an editable list.  The user can insert or delete items in the
list.  Each list item is itself a widget.
@end table

Now of what possible use can support for widgets be in a text editor?
I'm glad you asked.  The answer is that widgets are useful for
implementing forms.  A @dfn{form} in Emacs is a buffer where the user is
supposed to fill out a number of fields, each of which has a specific
meaning.  The user is not supposed to change or delete any of the text
between the fields.  Examples of forms in Emacs are the @file{forms}
package (of course), the customize buffers, the mail and news compose
modes, and the @sc{html} form support in the @file{w3} browser.  

The advantages for a programmer of using the @code{widget} package to
implement forms are:

@enumerate
@item
More complex field than just editable text are supported. 
@item
You can give the user immediate feedback if he enters invalid data in a
text field, and sometimes prevent entering invalid data.
@item 
You can have fixed sized fields, thus allowing multiple field to be
lined up in columns.
@item
It is simple to query or set the value of a field. 
@item 
Editing happens in buffer, not in the mini-buffer.
@item 
Packages using the library get a uniform look, making them easier for
the user to learn.
@item 
As support for embedded graphics improve, the widget library will
extended to support it.  This means that your code using the widget
library will also use the new graphic features by automatic.
@end enumerate

In order to minimize the code that is loaded by users who does not
create any widgets, the code has been split in two files:

@table @file
@item widget.el
This will declare the user variables, define the function
@code{widget-define}, and autoload the function @code{widget-create}. 
@item wid-edit.el

@node User Interface, Programming Example, Introduction, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section User Interface

A form consist of read only text for documentation and some fields,
where each the fields contain two parts, as tag and a value.  The tags
are used to identify the fields, so the documentation can refer to the
foo field, meaning the field tagged with @samp{Foo}. Here is an example
form:

@example
Here is some documentation.

Name: @i{My Name}     @strong{Choose}: This option

@end example

The top level widgets in is example are tagged @samp{Name},
@samp{Choose}, @samp{Address}, @samp{_other work_}, @samp{Numbers},
@samp{Select multiple}, @samp{Select one}, @samp{[Apply Form]}, and
@samp{[Reset Form]}.  There are basically two thing the user can do within
a form, namely editing the editable text fields and activating the
buttons.

@subsection Editable Text Fields

In the example, the value for the @samp{Name} is most likely displayed
in an editable text field, and so are values for each of the members of

Face used for other editing fields.
@end deffn

@subsection Buttons

Some portions of the buffer have an associated @dfn{action}, which can
be @dfn{invoked} by a standard key or mouse command.  These portions
are called @dfn{buttons}.  The default commands for activating a button
are:

Invoke the button at @var{pos}, defaulting to point.
If point is not located on a button, invoke the binding in
@code{widget-global-map} (by default the global map).
@end deffn

@item mouse-2
@deffn Command widget-button-click @var{event}
Invoke the button at the location of the mouse pointer.  If the mouse
pointer is located in an editable text field, invoke the binding in
@code{widget-global-map} (by default the global map).

There are several different kind of buttons, all of which are present in
the example:

@table @emph
@item The Option Field Tags.
When you invoke one of these buttons, you will be asked to choose
between a number of different options.  This is how you edit an option
field.  Option fields are created by the @code{menu-choice} widget.  In
the example, @samp{@b{Choose}} is an option field tag.
@item The @samp{@b{[INS]}} and @samp{@b{[DEL]}} buttons.
Activating these will insert or delete elements from a editable list.
The list is created by the @code{editable-list} widget. 
@item Embedded Buttons.
The @samp{@b{_other work_}} is an example of an embedded
button. Embedded buttons are not associated with a fields, but can serve
any purpose, such as implementing hypertext references.  They are
usually created by the @code{link} widget.
@item The @samp{@b{[ ]}} and @samp{@b{[X]}} buttons.
Activating one of these will convert it to the other.  This is useful
for implementing multiple-choice fields.  You can create it wit
@item The @samp{@b{( )}} and @samp{@b{(*)}} buttons.
Only one radio button in a @code{radio-button-choice} widget can be
selected at any time.  When you invoke one of the unselected radio
buttons, it will be selected and the previous selected radio button will
become unselected.
@item The @samp{@b{[Apply Form]}} @samp{@b{[Reset Form]}} buttons.
These are explicit buttons made with the @code{push-button} widget.  The main
difference from the @code{link} widget is that the buttons are will be
displayed as GUI buttons when possible.
enough. 
@end table

To make them easier to locate, buttons are emphasized in the buffer.  

@deffn Face widget-button-face
Face used for buttons.
@end deffn

@defopt widget-mouse-face
Face used for buttons when the mouse pointer is above it.
@end defopt

@subsection Navigation

You can use all the normal Emacs commands to move around in a form

@node Programming Example, Setting Up the Buffer, User Interface, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Programming Example

Here is the code to implement the user interface example (@pxref{User
Interface}).

@lisp
(require 'widget)

@defun widget-delete widget
Delete @var{widget} and remove it from the buffer.
@end defun

@defun widget-setup 
Setup a buffer to support widgets. 

This should be called after creating all the widgets and before allowing
the user to edit them.
@refill
@end defun

If you want to insert text outside the widgets in the form, the
recommended way to do that is with @code{widget-insert}.

@defun widget-insert 
Insert the arguments, either strings or characters, at point.
The inserted text will be read only.
@end defun

There is a standard widget keymap which you might find useful.

@defvr Const widget-keymap
A keymap with the global keymap as its parent.@*
@key{TAB} and @kbd{C-@key{TAB}} are bound to @code{widget-forward} and
@code{widget-backward}, respectively.  @kbd{@key{RET}} and @kbd{mouse-2}
are bound to @code{widget-button-press} and
@code{widget-button-}.@refill
@end defvr

@defvar widget-global-map
Keymap used by @code{widget-button-press} and @code{widget-button-click}
when not on a button.  By default this is @code{global-map}.

Where, @var{name} is a widget name, @var{keyword} is the name of a
property, @var{argument} is the value of the property, and @var{args}
are interpreted in a widget specific way.

There following keyword arguments that apply to all widgets:

@table @code
@item :value
The initial value for widgets of this type.

@item :format
This string will be inserted in the buffer when you create a widget.
The following @samp{%} escapes are available:

@table @samp

@item %%
Insert a literal @samp{%}. 
@end table

@item :button-face
Face used to highlight text inside %[ %] in the format.

@item :button-prefix
@itemx :button-suffix

Text around %[ %] in the format.

These can be
@table @emph
@item nil

@item a symbol
The value of the symbol is expanded according to this table.
@end table

@item :doc
The string inserted by the @samp{%d} escape in the format
string.  

@item :tag
The string inserted by the @samp{%t} escape in the format
string.  

@item :tag-glyph
Name of image to use instead of the string specified by `:tag' on
Emacsen that supports it.

@item :help-echo
Message displayed whenever you move to the widget with either
@code{widget-forward} or @code{widget-backward}.

@item :indent
An integer indicating the absolute number of spaces to indent children
of this widget.

@item :offset
An integer indicating how many extra spaces to add to the widget's
grandchildren compared to this widget.

@item :extra-offset
An integer indicating how many extra spaces to add to the widget's
children compared to this widget.

@item :notify
A function called each time the widget or a nested widget is changed.
The function is called with two or three arguments.  The first argument
is the widget itself, the second argument is the widget that was
changed, and the third argument is the event leading to the change, if
any. 

@item :menu-tag
Tag used in the menu when the widget is used as an option in a
@code{menu-choice} widget.

@item :menu-tag-get
Function used for finding the tag when the widget is used as an option
in a @code{menu-choice} widget.  By default, the tag used will be either the
@code{:menu-tag} or @code{:tag} property if present, or the @code{princ}
representation of the @code{:value} property if not.

@item :match
Should be a function called with two arguments, the widget and a value,
and returning non-nil if the widget can represent the specified value.

@item :validate
A function which takes a widget as an argument, and return nil if the
widget's current value is valid for the widget.  Otherwise it should
return the widget containing the invalid data, and set that widget's
@code{:error} property to a string explaining the error.

The following predefined function can be used:

@defun widget-children-validate widget
All the @code{:children} of @var{widget} must be valid.
@end defun

@item :tab-order
Specify the order in which widgets are traversed with
@code{widget-forward} or @code{widget-backward}.  This is only partially
implemented.

@item
When on a widget with no tabbing order specified, go to the next widget
in the buffer with a positive tabbing order, or @code{nil}
@end enumerate

@item :parent
The parent of a nested widget (e.g. a @code{menu-choice} item or an
element of a @code{editable-list} widget).

@item :sibling-args
This keyword is only used for members of a @code{radio-button-choice} or
@code{checklist}.  The value should be a list of extra keyword
arguments, which will be used when creating the @code{radio-button} or
@code{checkbox} associated with this item.

@end table

@deffn {User Option} widget-glyph-directory
Directory where glyphs are found.  
Widget will look here for a file with the same name as specified for the
image, with either a @samp{.xpm} (if supported) or @samp{.xbm} extension.
@end deffn

@deffn{User Option} widget-glyph-enable
If non-nil, allow glyphs to appear on displays where they are supported.
@end deffn

@end menu

@node link, url-link, Basic Types, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{link} Widget

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (link [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  [ VALUE ])

@end defopt

@node url-link, info-link, link, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{url-link} Widget

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (url-link [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  URL)
@end example

When this link is invoked, the @sc{www} browser specified by
@code{browse-url-browser-function} will be called with @var{url}. 

@node info-link, push-button, url-link, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{info-link} Widget

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (info-link [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  ADDRESS)
@end example

When this link is invoked, the built-in info browser is started on
@var{address}. 

@node  push-button, editable-field, info-link, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{push-button} Widget

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (push-button [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  [ VALUE ])
@end example

The @var{value}, if present, is used to initialize the @code{:value}
property. The value should be a string, which will be inserted in the
buffer. 

By default the tag will be shown in brackets.

@defopt widget-push-button-prefix

@end defopt

@node editable-field, text, push-button, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{editable-field} Widget

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (editable-field [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]... [ VALUE ])

The @var{value}, if present, is used to initialize the @code{:value}
property.  The value should be a string, which will be inserted in
field.  This widget will match all string values.

The following extra properties are recognized.

@table @code
@item :size
The width of the editable field.@*
By default the field will reach to the end of the line.

@item :value-face
Face used for highlighting the editable field.  Default is
@code{widget-field-face}. 

@item :secret
Character used to display the value.  You can set this to e.g. @code{?*}
if the field contains a password or other secret information.  By
default, the value is not secret.

@item :valid-regexp
By default the @code{:validate} function will match the content of the
field with the value of this attribute.  The default value is @code{""}
which matches everything.

@item :keymap
Keymap used in the editable field.  The default value is
@code{widget-field-keymap}, which allows you to use all the normal
editing commands, even if the buffers major mode suppress some of them.
Pressing return invokes the function specified by @code{:action}. 
@end table

@node text, menu-choice, editable-field, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{text} Widget

This is just like @code{editable-field}, but intended for multiline text
fields.  The default @code{:keymap} is @code{widget-text-keymap}, which
does not rebind the return key.

@node menu-choice, radio-button-choice, text, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{menu-choice} Widget

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (menu-choice [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]... TYPE ... )

value will be that of the chosen @var{type} argument.  This widget will
match any value matching at least one of the specified @var{type}
arguments.

@table @code
@item :void 
Widget type used as a fallback when the value does not match any of the
specified @var{type} arguments.

@item :case-fold
Set this to nil if you don't want to ignore case when prompting for a
choice through the minibuffer.

@item :children
A list whose car is the widget representing the currently chosen type in
the buffer. 

@item :choice
The current chosen type

@item :args 
The list of types. 
@end table

@node radio-button-choice, item, menu-choice, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{radio-button-choice} Widget

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (radio-button-choice [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  TYPE ... )

arguments.

The following extra properties are recognized.

@table @code
@item :entry-format
This string will be inserted for each entry in the list.
The following @samp{%} escapes are available:
@table @samp
@item %v
Replaced with the buffer representation of the @var{type} widget.
@item %b
Replace with the radio button.
@item %%
Insert a literal @samp{%}. 
@end table

@item button-args
A list of keywords to pass to the radio buttons.  Useful for setting
e.g. the @samp{:help-echo} for each button.

@item :buttons
The widgets representing the radio buttons.

@item :children
The widgets representing each type.

@item :choice
The current chosen type

@item :args 
The list of types. 
@end table

You can add extra radio button items to a @code{radio-button-choice}
widget after it has been created with the function
@code{widget-radio-add-item}. 

@defun widget-radio-add-item widget type
Add to @code{radio-button-choice} widget @var{widget} a new radio button item of type
@var{type}. 
@end defun

Please note that such items added after the @code{radio-button-choice}
widget has been created will @strong{not} be properly destructed when
you call @code{widget-delete}.

@node item, choice-item, radio-button-choice, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{item} Widget

Syntax:

@example
ITEM ::= (item [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]... VALUE)

buffer.  This widget will only match the specified value.

@node choice-item, toggle, item, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{choice-item} Widget

Syntax:

@example
ITEM ::= (choice-item [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]... VALUE)

the specified value. 

@node toggle, checkbox, choice-item, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{toggle} Widget

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (toggle [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...)
@end example

The widget has two possible states, `on' and `off', which correspond to
a @code{t} or @code{nil} value respectively.

The following extra properties are recognized.

@table @code
@item :on
String representing the `on' state.  By default the string @samp{on}.
@item :off 
String representing the `off' state.  By default the string @samp{off}.
@item :on-glyph
Name of a glyph to be used instead of the `:on' text string, on emacsen
that supports it.
@item :off-glyph
Name of a glyph to be used instead of the `:off' text string, on emacsen
that supports it.
@end table

@node checkbox, checklist, toggle, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{checkbox} Widget

The widget has two possible states, `selected' and `unselected', which
corresponds to a @code{t} or @code{nil} value.

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (checkbox [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...)
@end example

@node checklist, editable-list, checkbox, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{checklist} Widget

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (checklist [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  TYPE ... )
@end example

The @var{type} arguments represents each checklist item.  The widget's
value will be a list containing the values of all ticked @var{type}
arguments.  The checklist widget will match a list whose elements all
match at least one of the specified @var{type} arguments.

The following extra properties are recognized.

@table @code
@item :entry-format
This string will be inserted for each entry in the list.
The following @samp{%} escapes are available:
@table @samp
@item %v

Replace with the checkbox.
@item %%
Insert a literal @samp{%}. 
@end table

@item :greedy
Usually a checklist will only match if the items are in the exact
sequence given in the specification.  By setting @code{:greedy} to
non-nil, it will allow the items to come in any sequence.  However, if
you extract the value they will be in the sequence given in the
checklist.  I.e. the original sequence is forgotten.

@item button-args
A list of keywords to pass to the checkboxes.  Useful for setting
e.g. the @samp{:help-echo} for each checkbox.

@item :buttons
The widgets representing the checkboxes.

@item :children
The widgets representing each type.

@item :args 
The list of types. 
@end table

@node editable-list, group, checklist, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{editable-list} Widget

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (editable-list [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]... TYPE)
@end example

The value is a list, where each member represents one widget of type
@var{type}. 

The following extra properties are recognized.

@table @code
@item :entry-format
This string will be inserted for each entry in the list.
The following @samp{%} escapes are available:
@table @samp
@item %v

Insert the @b{[DEL]} button.
@item %%
Insert a literal @samp{%}. 
@end table

@item :insert-button-args
A list of keyword arguments to pass to the insert buttons.

@item :delete-button-args
A list of keyword arguments to pass to the delete buttons.

@item :append-button-args
A list of keyword arguments to pass to the trailing insert button.


@item :buttons
The widgets representing the insert and delete buttons.

@item :children
The widgets representing the elements of the list.

@item :args
List whose car is the type of the list elements.

@end table

@node group,  , editable-list, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{group} Widget

This widget simply group other widget together.

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (group [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]... TYPE...)

The value is a list, with one member for each @var{type}.  

@node Sexp Types, Widget Properties, Basic Types, Top
@comment
@section Sexp Types

A number of widgets for editing s-expressions (lisp types) are also
available.  These basically fall in the following categories.

@menu
* constants::                   
* generic::                     
* atoms::                       
* composite::                   
@end menu

@node constants, generic, Sexp Types, Sexp Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The Constant Widgets.

The @code{const} widget can contain any lisp expression, but the user is
prohibited from editing edit it, which is mainly useful as a component
of one of the composite widgets.

The syntax for the @code{const} widget is

@example
TYPE ::= (const [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  [ VALUE ])
@end example

An immutable symbol that is bound as a function.
@end deffn

@node generic, atoms, constants, Sexp Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection Generic Sexp Widget.

The @code{sexp} widget can contain any lisp expression, and allows the
user to edit it inline in the buffer.

The syntax for the @code{sexp} widget is

@example
TYPE ::= (sexp [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  [ VALUE ])
@end example

@deffn Widget sexp
This will allow you to edit any valid s-expression in an editable buffer
field. 

The @code{sexp} widget takes the same keyword arguments as the
@code{editable-field} widget.
@end deffn

@node atoms, composite, generic, Sexp Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection Atomic Sexp Widgets.

The atoms are s-expressions that does not consist of other
s-expressions.  A string is an atom, while a list is a composite type.
You can edit the value of an atom with the following widgets.  

The syntax for all the atoms are

@example
TYPE ::= (NAME [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  [ VALUE ])
@end example

The @var{value}, if present, is used to initialize the @code{:value}
property and must be an expression of the same type as the widget.
I.e. the string widget can only be initialized with a string.

All the atom widgets take the same keyword arguments as the
@code{editable-field} widget.

@deffn Widget string
Allows you to edit a string in an editable field.
@end deffn

the tag button, you can edit the file name in the mini-buffer with
completion. 

Keywords:
@table @code
@item :must-match
If this is set to non-nil, only existing file names will be allowed in
the minibuffer.
@end table
@end deffn

@end deffn


@node composite,  , atoms, Sexp Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection Composite Sexp Widgets.

The syntax for the composite are

@example
TYPE ::= (NAME [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  COMPONENT...)
@end example

Where each @var{component} must be a widget type.  Each component widget
will be displayed in the buffer, and be editable to the user.

@deffn Widget cons
The value of a @code{cons} widget is a cons-cell where the car is the
value of the first component and the cdr is the value of the second
component.  There must be exactly two components. 
@end deffn

@deffn Widget list
The value of a @code{list} widget is a list containing the value of
each of its component.

each of its component.
@end deffn

The above suffice for specifying fixed size lists and vectors.  To get
variable length lists and vectors, you can use a @code{choice},
@code{set} or @code{repeat} widgets together with the @code{:inline}
keywords.  If any component of a composite widget has the @code{:inline}
keyword set, its value must be a list which will then be spliced into
the composite.  For example, to specify a list whose first element must
be a file name, and whose remaining arguments should either by the
symbol @code{t} or two files, you can use the following widget

                    :value ("foo" "bar")
                    string string)))
@end example

The value of a widget of this type will either have the form 
@samp{(file t)} or @code{(file string string)}.

This concept of inline is probably hard to understand.  It was certainly
hard to implement so instead of confusing you more by trying to explain
it here, I'll just suggest you meditate over it for a while.

@deffn Widget choice
Allows you to edit a sexp which may have one of a fixed set of types.
It is currently implemented with the @code{choice-menu} basic widget,
and has a similar syntax.
@end deffn

@deffn Widget set
Allows you to specify a type which must be a list whose elements all
belong to given set.  The elements of the list is not significant.  This
is implemented on top of the @code{checklist} basic widget, and has a
similar syntax. 
@end deffn

@deffn Widget repeat
Allows you to specify a variable length list whose members are all of
the same type.  Implemented on top of the `editable-list' basic widget,
and has a similar syntax.
@end deffn

@node Widget Properties, Defining New Widgets, Sexp Types, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Properties

You can examine or set the value of a widget by using the widget object
that was returned by @code{widget-create}.

@defun widget-value widget

@defun widget-type widget
Return the name of @var{widget}, a symbol.
@end defun

Widgets can be in two states: active, which means they are modifiable by
the user, or inactive, which means they cannot be modified by the user.
You can query or set the state with the following code:

@lisp

@node Defining New Widgets, Widget Browser, Widget Properties, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Defining New Widgets

You can define specialized widgets with @code{define-widget}.  It allows
you to create a shorthand for more complex widgets, including specifying
component widgets and new default values for the keyword
arguments. 

@defun widget-define name class doc &rest args

Using @code{widget-define} just stores the definition of the widget type
in the @code{widget-type} property of @var{name}, which is what
@code{widget-create} uses.

If you just want to specify defaults for keywords with no complex
conversions, you can use @code{identity} as your conversion function.

The following additional keyword arguments are useful when defining new
widgets: 
@table @code
@item :convert-widget
Function to convert a widget type before creating a widget of that
type.  It takes a widget type as an argument, and returns the converted
widget type.  When a widget is created, this function is called for the
widget type and all the widget's parent types, most derived first. 

@defun widget-value-convert-widget widget
Initialize @code{:value} from @code{:args} in @var{widget}.
@end defun

@item :value-to-internal
Function to convert the value to the internal format.  The function
takes two arguments, a widget and an external value, and returns the
internal value.  The function is called on the present @code{:value}
when the widget is created, and on any value set later with
@code{widget-value-set}.

@item :value-to-external
Function to convert the value to the external format.  The function
takes two arguments, a widget and an internal value, and returns the
internal value.  The function is called on the present @code{:value}
when the widget is created, and on any value set later with
@code{widget-value-set}.

@item :create
Function to create a widget from scratch.  The function takes one
argument, a widget type, and creates a widget of that type, inserts it
in the buffer, and returns a widget object.

@item :delete
Function to delete a widget.  The function takes one argument, a widget,
and should remove all traces of the widget from the buffer.

@item :value-create
Function to expand the @samp{%v} escape in the format string.  It will
be called with the widget as its argument and should insert a
representation of the widget's value in the buffer.

@item :value-delete
Should remove the representation of the widget's value from the buffer.
It will be called with the widget as its argument.  It doesn't have to
remove the text, but it should release markers and delete nested widgets
if such have been used.

@defun widget-children-value-delete widget
Delete all @code{:children} and @code{:buttons} in @var{widget}.
@end defun

@item :value-get 
Function to extract the value of a widget, as it is displayed in the
buffer. 

The following predefined function can be used here:

@defun widget-value-value-get widget
Return the @code{:value} property of @var{widget}.
@end defun

@item :format-handler
Function to handle unknown @samp{%} escapes in the format string.  It
will be called with the widget and the escape character as arguments.
You can set this to allow your widget to handle non-standard escapes.

You should end up calling @code{widget-default-format-handler} to handle
unknown escape sequences, which will handle the @samp{%h} and any future
escape sequences, as well as give an error for unknown escapes.

@item :action
Function to handle user initiated events.  By default, @code{:notify}
the parent. 

The following predefined function can be used here:

@defun widget-parent-action widget &optional event
Tell @code{:parent} of @var{widget} to handle the @code{:action}.
Optional @var{event} is the event that triggered the action.
@end defun

@item :prompt-value
Function to prompt for a value in the minibuffer.  The function should
take four arguments, @var{widget}, @var{prompt}, @var{value}, and
@var{unbound} and should return a value for widget entered by the user.
@var{prompt} is the prompt to use.  @var{value} is the default value to

@end deffn

@node Widget Browser, Widget Minor Mode, Defining New Widgets, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Widget Browser

There is a separate package to browse widgets.  This is intended to help
programmers who want to examine the content of a widget.  The browser
shows the value of each keyword, but uses links for certain keywords
such as `:parent', which avoids printing cyclic structures.

@deffn Command widget-browse WIDGET
Create a widget browser for WIDGET.
When called interactively, prompt for WIDGET.
@end deffn

@end deffn

@node  Widget Minor Mode, Utilities, Widget Browser, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Widget Minor Mode

There is a minor mode for manipulating widgets in major modes that
doesn't provide any support for widgets themselves.  This is mostly
intended to be useful for programmers doing experiments. 

@deffn Command widget-minor-mode
Toggle minor mode for traversing widgets.
With arg, turn widget mode on if and only if arg is positive.

@end defvar

@node  Utilities, Widget Wishlist, Widget Minor Mode, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Utilities.

@defun widget-prompt-value widget prompt [ value unbound ]
Prompt for a value matching @var{widget}, using @var{prompt}.
The current value is assumed to be @var{value}, unless @var{unbound} is
non-nil.@refill
@end defun

@defun widget-get-sibling widget
Get the item @var{widget} is assumed to toggle.
This is only meaningful for radio buttons or checkboxes in a list.
@end defun

@node  Widget Wishlist,  , Utilities, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Wishlist

@itemize @bullet
@item 
It should be possible to add or remove items from a list with @kbd{C-k}
and @kbd{C-o} (suggested by @sc{rms}).

@item 
The @samp{[INS]} and @samp{[DEL]} buttons should be replaced by a single
dash (@samp{-}).  The dash should be a button that, when invoked, ask
whether you want to add or delete an item (@sc{rms} wanted to git rid of
the ugly buttons, the dash is my idea).

@item
The @code{menu-choice} tag should be prettier, something like the abbreviated

@item 
@kbd{C-h} in @code{widget-prompt-value} should give type specific help.

@item 
A mailto widget.

@end itemize

@setchapternewpage odd
@contents
@bye

30775:33d2bde9a99a

@iftex
@afourpaper
@headings double
@end iftex
@c %**end of header

@syncodeindex fn cp
@syncodeindex vr cp
@syncodeindex ky cp

@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
* Widget: (widget).      Documenting the "widget" package used by the
                           Emacs Custom facility.

* Defining New Widgets::        
* Widget Browser::              
* Widget Minor Mode::           
* Utilities::                   
* Widget Wishlist::             
* Index::
@end menu

@node  Introduction, User Interface, Top, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Introduction

Most graphical user interface toolkits, such as Motif and XView, provide
a number of standard user interface controls (sometimes known as
`widgets' or `gadgets').  Emacs doesn't really support anything like
this, except for an incredibly powerful text ``widget''.  On the other
hand, Emacs does provide the necessary primitives to implement many
other widgets within a text buffer.  The @code{widget} package
simplifies this task.

@cindex basic widgets
@cindex widgets, basic types
The basic widgets are:

@table @code
@item link
Areas of text with an associated action.  Intended for hypertext links

visible in the buffer.
@item item
A simple constant widget intended to be used in the @code{menu-choice} and
@code{radio-button-choice} widgets. 
@item choice-item
A button item only intended for use in choices.  When invoked, the user
will be asked to select another option from the choice widget.
@item toggle
A simple @samp{on}/@samp{off} switch.
@item checkbox
A checkbox (@samp{[ ]}/@samp{[X]}). 
@item editable-list
Create an editable list.  The user can insert or delete items in the
list.  Each list item is itself a widget.
@end table

Now, of what possible use can support for widgets be in a text editor?
I'm glad you asked.  The answer is that widgets are useful for
implementing forms.  A @dfn{form} in Emacs is a buffer where the user is
supposed to fill out a number of fields, each of which has a specific
meaning.  The user is not supposed to change or delete any of the text
between the fields.  Examples of forms in Emacs are the @file{forms}
package (of course), the customize buffers, the mail and news compose
modes, and the @sc{html} form support in the @file{w3} browser.  

@cindex widget library, why use it
The advantages for a programmer of using the @code{widget} package to
implement forms are:

@enumerate
@item
More complex fields than just editable text are supported. 
@item
You can give the users immediate feedback if they enter invalid data in a
text field, and sometimes prevent entering invalid data.
@item 
You can have fixed sized fields, thus allowing multiple fields to be
lined up in columns.
@item
It is simple to query or set the value of a field. 
@item 
Editing happens in the buffer, not in the mini-buffer.
@item 
Packages using the library get a uniform look, making them easier for
the user to learn.
@item 
As support for embedded graphics improve, the widget library will be
extended to use the GUI features.  This means that your code using the
widget library will also use the new graphic features automatically.
@end enumerate

In order to minimize the code that is loaded by users who does not
create any widgets, the code has been split in two files:

@cindex widget library, files
@table @file
@item widget.el
This will declare the user variables, define the function
@code{widget-define}, and autoload the function @code{widget-create}. 
@item wid-edit.el

@node User Interface, Programming Example, Introduction, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section User Interface

A form consist of read only text for documentation and some fields,
where each field contains two parts, a tag and a value.  The tags are
used to identify the fields, so the documentation can refer to the
@samp{foo field}, meaning the field tagged with @samp{Foo}. Here is an
example form:

@example
Here is some documentation.

Name: @i{My Name}     @strong{Choose}: This option

@end example

The top level widgets in is example are tagged @samp{Name},
@samp{Choose}, @samp{Address}, @samp{_other work_}, @samp{Numbers},
@samp{Select multiple}, @samp{Select one}, @samp{[Apply Form]}, and
@samp{[Reset Form]}.  There are basically two things the user can do
within a form, namely editing the editable text fields and activating
the buttons.

@subsection Editable Text Fields

In the example, the value for the @samp{Name} is most likely displayed
in an editable text field, and so are values for each of the members of

Face used for other editing fields.
@end deffn

@subsection Buttons

@cindex widget buttons
@cindex button widgets
Some portions of the buffer have an associated @dfn{action}, which can
be @dfn{invoked} by a standard key or mouse command.  These portions
are called @dfn{buttons}.  The default commands for activating a button
are:

Invoke the button at @var{pos}, defaulting to point.
If point is not located on a button, invoke the binding in
@code{widget-global-map} (by default the global map).
@end deffn

@kindex mouse-2, on button widgets
@item mouse-2
@deffn Command widget-button-click @var{event}
Invoke the button at the location of the mouse pointer.  If the mouse
pointer is located in an editable text field, invoke the binding in
@code{widget-global-map} (by default the global map).

There are several different kind of buttons, all of which are present in
the example:

@table @emph
@cindex option field tag
@item The Option Field Tags
When you invoke one of these buttons, you will be asked to choose
between a number of different options.  This is how you edit an option
field.  Option fields are created by the @code{menu-choice} widget.  In
the example, @samp{@b{Choose}} is an option field tag.
@item The @samp{@b{[INS]}} and @samp{@b{[DEL]}} buttons
Activating these will insert or delete elements from an editable list.
The list is created by the @code{editable-list} widget. 
@cindex embedded buttons
@item Embedded Buttons
The @samp{@b{_other work_}} is an example of an embedded
button.  Embedded buttons are not associated with a fields, but can serve
any purpose, such as implementing hypertext references.  They are
usually created by the @code{link} widget.
@item The @samp{@b{[ ]}} and @samp{@b{[X]}} buttons
Activating one of these will convert it to the other.  This is useful
for implementing multiple-choice fields.  You can create it with the
@code{checkbox} widget.
@item The @samp{@b{( )}} and @samp{@b{(*)}} buttons
Only one radio button in a @code{radio-button-choice} widget can be
selected at any time.  When you invoke one of the unselected radio
buttons, it will be selected and the previous selected radio button will
become unselected.
@item The @samp{@b{[Apply Form]}} @samp{@b{[Reset Form]}} buttons
These are explicit buttons made with the @code{push-button} widget.  The
main difference from the @code{link} widget is that the buttons will be
displayed as GUI buttons when possible.
@end table

To make them easier to locate, buttons are emphasized in the buffer.  

@deffn Face widget-button-face
Face used for buttons.
@end deffn

@defopt widget-mouse-face
Face used for highlighting a button when the mouse pointer moves across
it.
@end defopt

@subsection Navigation

You can use all the normal Emacs commands to move around in a form

@node Programming Example, Setting Up the Buffer, User Interface, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Programming Example

@cindex widgets, programming example
@cindex example of using widgets
Here is the code to implement the user interface example (@pxref{User
Interface}).

@lisp
(require 'widget)

@defun widget-delete widget
Delete @var{widget} and remove it from the buffer.
@end defun

@defun widget-setup 
Set up a buffer to support widgets. 

This should be called after creating all the widgets and before allowing
the user to edit them.
@refill
@end defun

If you want to insert text outside the widgets in the form, the
recommended way to do that is with @code{widget-insert}.

@defun widget-insert 
Insert the arguments, either strings or characters, at point.
The inserted text will be read-only.
@end defun

There is a standard widget keymap which you might find useful.

@findex widget-button-press
@findex widget-button-click
@defvr Const widget-keymap
A keymap with the global keymap as its parent.@*
@key{TAB} and @kbd{C-@key{TAB}} are bound to @code{widget-forward} and
@code{widget-backward}, respectively.  @kbd{@key{RET}} and @kbd{mouse-2}
are bound to @code{widget-button-press} and
@code{widget-button-click}.@refill
@end defvr

@defvar widget-global-map
Keymap used by @code{widget-button-press} and @code{widget-button-click}
when not on a button.  By default this is @code{global-map}.

Where, @var{name} is a widget name, @var{keyword} is the name of a
property, @var{argument} is the value of the property, and @var{args}
are interpreted in a widget specific way.

@cindex keyword arguments
The following keyword arguments that apply to all widgets:

@table @code
@vindex value@r{ keyword}
@item :value
The initial value for widgets of this type.

@vindex format@r{ keyword}
@item :format
This string will be inserted in the buffer when you create a widget.
The following @samp{%} escapes are available:

@table @samp

@item %%
Insert a literal @samp{%}. 
@end table

@vindex button-face@r{ keyword}
@item :button-face
Face used to highlight text inside %[ %] in the format.

@vindex button-prefix@r{ keyword}
@vindex button-suffix@r{ keyword}
@item :button-prefix
@itemx :button-suffix
Text around %[ %] in the format.

These can be
@table @emph
@item nil

@item a symbol
The value of the symbol is expanded according to this table.
@end table

@vindex doc@r{ keyword}
@item :doc
The string inserted by the @samp{%d} escape in the format
string.  

@vindex tag@r{ keyword}
@item :tag
The string inserted by the @samp{%t} escape in the format
string.  

@vindex tag-glyph@r{ keyword}
@item :tag-glyph
Name of image to use instead of the string specified by @code{:tag} on
Emacsen that supports it.

@vindex help-echo@r{ keyword}
@item :help-echo
Message displayed whenever you move to the widget with either
@code{widget-forward} or @code{widget-backward}.

@vindex indent@r{ keyword}
@item :indent
An integer indicating the absolute number of spaces to indent children
of this widget.

@vindex offset@r{ keyword}
@item :offset
An integer indicating how many extra spaces to add to the widget's
grandchildren compared to this widget.

@vindex extra-offset@r{ keyword}
@item :extra-offset
An integer indicating how many extra spaces to add to the widget's
children compared to this widget.

@vindex notify@r{ keyword}
@item :notify
A function called each time the widget or a nested widget is changed.
The function is called with two or three arguments.  The first argument
is the widget itself, the second argument is the widget that was
changed, and the third argument is the event leading to the change, if
any. 

@vindex menu-tag@r{ keyword}
@item :menu-tag
Tag used in the menu when the widget is used as an option in a
@code{menu-choice} widget.

@vindex menu-tag-get@r{ keyword}
@item :menu-tag-get
Function used for finding the tag when the widget is used as an option
in a @code{menu-choice} widget.  By default, the tag used will be either the
@code{:menu-tag} or @code{:tag} property if present, or the @code{princ}
representation of the @code{:value} property if not.

@vindex match@r{ keyword}
@item :match
Should be a function called with two arguments, the widget and a value,
and returning non-nil if the widget can represent the specified value.

@vindex validate@r{ keyword}
@item :validate
A function which takes a widget as an argument, and returns @code{nil}
if the widget's current value is valid for the widget.  Otherwise it
should return the widget containing the invalid data, and set that
widget's @code{:error} property to a string explaining the error.

The following predefined function can be used:

@defun widget-children-validate widget
All the @code{:children} of @var{widget} must be valid.
@end defun

@vindex tab-order@r{ keyword}
@item :tab-order
Specify the order in which widgets are traversed with
@code{widget-forward} or @code{widget-backward}.  This is only partially
implemented.

@item
When on a widget with no tabbing order specified, go to the next widget
in the buffer with a positive tabbing order, or @code{nil}
@end enumerate

@vindex parent@r{ keyword}
@item :parent
The parent of a nested widget (e.g. a @code{menu-choice} item or an
element of a @code{editable-list} widget).

@vindex sibling-args@r{ keyword}
@item :sibling-args
This keyword is only used for members of a @code{radio-button-choice} or
@code{checklist}.  The value should be a list of extra keyword
arguments, which will be used when creating the @code{radio-button} or
@code{checkbox} associated with this item.

@end table

@deffn {User Option} widget-glyph-directory
Directory where glyphs are found.  
Widget will look here for a file with the same name as specified for the
image, with either a @file{.xpm} (if supported) or @file{.xbm} extension.
@end deffn

@deffn{User Option} widget-glyph-enable
If non-nil, allow glyphs to appear on displays where they are supported.
@end deffn

@end menu

@node link, url-link, Basic Types, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{link} Widget
@findex link@r{ widget}

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (link [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  [ VALUE ])

@end defopt

@node url-link, info-link, link, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{url-link} Widget
@findex url-link@r{ widget}

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (url-link [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  URL)
@end example

@findex browse-url-browser-function@r{, and @code{url-link} widget}
When this link is invoked, the @sc{www} browser specified by
@code{browse-url-browser-function} will be called with @var{url}. 

@node info-link, push-button, url-link, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{info-link} Widget
@findex info-link@r{ widget}

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (info-link [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  ADDRESS)
@end example

When this link is invoked, the built-in Info reader is started on
@var{address}. 

@node  push-button, editable-field, info-link, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{push-button} Widget
@findex push-button@r{ widget}

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (push-button [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  [ VALUE ])
@end example

The @var{value}, if present, is used to initialize the @code{:value}
property.  The value should be a string, which will be inserted in the
buffer. 

By default the tag will be shown in brackets.

@defopt widget-push-button-prefix

@end defopt

@node editable-field, text, push-button, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{editable-field} Widget
@findex editable-field@r{ widget}

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (editable-field [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]... [ VALUE ])

The @var{value}, if present, is used to initialize the @code{:value}
property.  The value should be a string, which will be inserted in
field.  This widget will match all string values.

The following extra properties are recognized:

@table @code
@vindex size@r{ keyword}
@item :size
The width of the editable field.@*
By default the field will reach to the end of the line.

@vindex value-face@r{ keyword}
@item :value-face
Face used for highlighting the editable field.  Default is
@code{widget-field-face}, see @ref{User Interface}. 

@vindex secret@r{ keyword}
@item :secret
Character used to display the value.  You can set this to e.g. @code{?*}
if the field contains a password or other secret information.  By
default, this is nil, and the value is not secret.

@vindex valid-regexp@r{ keyword}
@item :valid-regexp
By default the @code{:validate} function will match the content of the
field with the value of this attribute.  The default value is @code{""}
which matches everything.

@vindex keymap@r{ keyword}
@vindex widget-field-keymap
@item :keymap
Keymap used in the editable field.  The default value is
@code{widget-field-keymap}, which allows you to use all the normal
editing commands, even if the buffer's major mode suppresses some of
them.  Pressing @key{RET} invokes the function specified by
@code{:action}.
@end table

@node text, menu-choice, editable-field, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{text} Widget
@findex text@r{ widget}

@vindex widget-text-keymap
This is just like @code{editable-field}, but intended for multiline text
fields.  The default @code{:keymap} is @code{widget-text-keymap}, which
does not rebind the @key{RET} key.

@node menu-choice, radio-button-choice, text, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{menu-choice} Widget
@findex menu-choice@r{ widget}

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (menu-choice [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]... TYPE ... )

value will be that of the chosen @var{type} argument.  This widget will
match any value matching at least one of the specified @var{type}
arguments.

@table @code
@vindex void@r{ keyword}
@item :void 
Widget type used as a fallback when the value does not match any of the
specified @var{type} arguments.

@vindex case-fold@r{ keyword}
@item :case-fold
Set this to nil if you don't want to ignore case when prompting for a
choice through the minibuffer.

@vindex children@r{ keyword}
@item :children
A list whose @code{car} is the widget representing the currently chosen
type in the buffer.

@vindex choice@r{ keyword}
@item :choice
The current chosen type.

@vindex args@r{ keyword}
@item :args 
The list of types. 
@end table

@node radio-button-choice, item, menu-choice, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{radio-button-choice} Widget
@findex radio-button-choice@r{ widget}

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (radio-button-choice [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  TYPE ... )

arguments.

The following extra properties are recognized.

@table @code
@vindex entry-format@r{ keyword}
@item :entry-format
This string will be inserted for each entry in the list.
The following @samp{%} escapes are available:
@table @samp
@item %v
Replace with the buffer representation of the @var{type} widget.
@item %b
Replace with the radio button.
@item %%
Insert a literal @samp{%}. 
@end table

@vindex button-args@r{ keyword}
@item :button-args
A list of keywords to pass to the radio buttons.  Useful for setting
e.g. the @samp{:help-echo} for each button.

@vindex buttons@r{ keyword}
@item :buttons
The widgets representing the radio buttons.

@vindex children@r{ keyword}
@item :children
The widgets representing each type.

@vindex choice@r{ keyword}
@item :choice
The current chosen type

@vindex args@r{ keyword}
@item :args 
The list of types. 
@end table

You can add extra radio button items to a @code{radio-button-choice}
widget after it has been created with the function
@code{widget-radio-add-item}. 

@defun widget-radio-add-item widget type
Add to @code{radio-button-choice} widget @var{widget} a new radio button
item of type @var{type}.
@end defun

Please note that such items added after the @code{radio-button-choice}
widget has been created will @strong{not} be properly destructed when
you call @code{widget-delete}.

@node item, choice-item, radio-button-choice, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{item} Widget
@findex item@r{ widget}

Syntax:

@example
ITEM ::= (item [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]... VALUE)

buffer.  This widget will only match the specified value.

@node choice-item, toggle, item, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{choice-item} Widget
@findex choice-item@r{ widget}

Syntax:

@example
ITEM ::= (choice-item [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]... VALUE)

the specified value. 

@node toggle, checkbox, choice-item, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{toggle} Widget
@findex toggle@r{ widget}

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (toggle [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...)
@end example

The widget has two possible states, @samp{on} and @samp{off}, which
correspond to a @code{t} or @code{nil} value, respectively.

The following extra properties are recognized:

@table @code
@item :on
A string representing the @samp{on} state.  By default the string
@samp{on}.
@item :off 
A string representing the @samp{off} state.  By default the string
@samp{off}.
@vindex on-glyph@r{ keyword}
@item :on-glyph
Name of a glyph to be used instead of the @samp{:on} text string, on
emacsen that supports this.
@vindex off-glyph@r{ keyword}
@item :off-glyph
Name of a glyph to be used instead of the @samp{:off} text string, on
emacsen that supports this.
@end table

@node checkbox, checklist, toggle, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{checkbox} Widget
@findex checkbox@r{ widget}

This widget has two possible states, @samp{selected} and
@samp{unselected}, which corresponds to a @code{t} or @code{nil} value.

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (checkbox [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...)
@end example

@node checklist, editable-list, checkbox, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{checklist} Widget
@findex checklist@r{ widget}

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (checklist [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  TYPE ... )
@end example

The @var{type} arguments represent each checklist item.  The widget's
value will be a list containing the values of all checked @var{type}
arguments.  The checklist widget will match a list whose elements all
match at least one of the specified @var{type} arguments.

The following extra properties are recognized:

@table @code
@vindex entry-format@r{ keyword}
@item :entry-format
This string will be inserted for each entry in the list.
The following @samp{%} escapes are available:
@table @samp
@item %v

Replace with the checkbox.
@item %%
Insert a literal @samp{%}. 
@end table

@vindex greedy@r{ keyword}
@item :greedy
Usually a checklist will only match if the items are in the exact
sequence given in the specification.  By setting @code{:greedy} to
non-nil, it will allow the items to come in any sequence.  However, if
you extract the value they will be in the sequence given in the
checklist.  I.e. the original sequence is forgotten.

@vindex button-args@r{ keyword}
@item button-args
A list of keywords to pass to the checkboxes.  Useful for setting
e.g. the @samp{:help-echo} for each checkbox.

@vindex buttons@r{ keyword}
@item :buttons
The widgets representing the checkboxes.

@vindex children@r{ keyword}
@item :children
The widgets representing each type.

@vindex args@r{ keyword}
@item :args 
The list of types. 
@end table

@node editable-list, group, checklist, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{editable-list} Widget
@findex editable-list@r{ widget}

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (editable-list [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]... TYPE)
@end example

The value is a list, where each member represents one widget of type
@var{type}. 

The following extra properties are recognized:

@table @code
@vindex entry-format@r{ keyword}
@item :entry-format
This string will be inserted for each entry in the list.
The following @samp{%} escapes are available:
@table @samp
@item %v

Insert the @b{[DEL]} button.
@item %%
Insert a literal @samp{%}. 
@end table

@vindex insert-button-args@r{ keyword}
@item :insert-button-args
A list of keyword arguments to pass to the insert buttons.

@vindex delete-button-args@r{ keyword}
@item :delete-button-args
A list of keyword arguments to pass to the delete buttons.

@vindex append-button-args@r{ keyword}
@item :append-button-args
A list of keyword arguments to pass to the trailing insert button.

@vindex buttons@r{ keyword}
@item :buttons
The widgets representing the insert and delete buttons.

@vindex children@r{ keyword}
@item :children
The widgets representing the elements of the list.

@vindex args@r{ keyword}
@item :args
List whose @code{car} is the type of the list elements.
@end table

@node group,  , editable-list, Basic Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The @code{group} Widget
@findex group@r{ widget}

This widget simply group other widgets together.

Syntax:

@example
TYPE ::= (group [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]... TYPE...)

The value is a list, with one member for each @var{type}.  

@node Sexp Types, Widget Properties, Basic Types, Top
@comment
@section Sexp Types
@cindex sexp types

A number of widgets for editing @dfn{s-expressions} (lisp types), sexp
for short, are also available.  These basically fall in several
categories described in this section.

@menu
* constants::                   
* generic::                     
* atoms::                       
* composite::                   
@end menu

@node constants, generic, Sexp Types, Sexp Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection The Constant Widgets
@cindex constant widgets

The @code{const} widget can contain any lisp expression, but the user is
prohibited from editing it, which is mainly useful as a component of one
of the composite widgets.

The syntax for the @code{const} widget is:

@example
TYPE ::= (const [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  [ VALUE ])
@end example

An immutable symbol that is bound as a function.
@end deffn

@node generic, atoms, constants, Sexp Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection Generic Sexp Widget
@cindex generic sexp widget

The @code{sexp} widget can contain any lisp expression, and allows the
user to edit it inline in the buffer.

The syntax for the @code{sexp} widget is:

@example
TYPE ::= (sexp [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  [ VALUE ])
@end example

@deffn Widget sexp
This will allow you to edit any valid s-expression in an editable buffer
field. 

The @code{sexp} widget takes the same keyword arguments as the
@code{editable-field} widget.  @xref{editable-field}.
@end deffn

@node atoms, composite, generic, Sexp Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection Atomic Sexp Widgets
@cindex atomic sexp widget

The atoms are s-expressions that do not consist of other s-expressions.
For example, a string, a file name, or a symbol are atoms, while a list
is a composite type.  You can edit the value of an atom with the
following widgets.

The syntax for all the atoms are:

@example
TYPE ::= (NAME [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  [ VALUE ])
@end example

The @var{value}, if present, is used to initialize the @code{:value}
property and must be an expression of the same type as the widget.
That is, the string widget can only be initialized with a string.

All the atom widgets take the same keyword arguments as the
@code{editable-field} widget.  @xref{editable-field}.

@deffn Widget string
Allows you to edit a string in an editable field.
@end deffn

the tag button, you can edit the file name in the mini-buffer with
completion. 

Keywords:
@table @code
@vindex must-match@r{ keyword}
@item :must-match
If this is set to non-nil, only existing file names will be allowed in
the minibuffer.
@end table
@end deffn

@end deffn


@node composite,  , atoms, Sexp Types
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection Composite Sexp Widgets
@cindex composite sexp widgets

The syntax for the composite widget is:

@example
TYPE ::= (NAME [KEYWORD ARGUMENT]...  COMPONENT...)
@end example

@noindent
where each @var{component} must be a widget type.  Each component widget
will be displayed in the buffer, and will be editable by the user.

@deffn Widget cons
The value of a @code{cons} widget is a cons-cell where the @code{car} is
the value of the first component and the @code{cdr} is the value of the
second component.  There must be exactly two components.
@end deffn

@deffn Widget list
The value of a @code{list} widget is a list containing the value of
each of its component.

each of its component.
@end deffn

The above suffice for specifying fixed size lists and vectors.  To get
variable length lists and vectors, you can use a @code{choice},
@code{set}, or @code{repeat} widgets together with the @code{:inline}
keywords.  If any component of a composite widget has the @code{:inline}
keyword set, its value must be a list which will then be spliced into
the composite.  For example, to specify a list whose first element must
be a file name, and whose remaining arguments should either by the
symbol @code{t} or two files, you can use the following widget

                    :value ("foo" "bar")
                    string string)))
@end example

The value of a widget of this type will either have the form 
@code{(file t)} or @code{(file string string)}.

This concept of inline is probably hard to understand.  It was certainly
hard to implement, so instead of confusing you more by trying to explain
it here, I'll just suggest you meditate over it for a while.

@deffn Widget choice
Allows you to edit a sexp which may have one of a fixed set of types.
It is currently implemented with the @code{choice-menu} basic widget,
and has a similar syntax.
@end deffn

@deffn Widget set
Allows you to specify a type which must be a list whose elements all
belong to given set.  The elements of the list are not significant.
This is implemented on top of the @code{checklist} basic widget, and has
a similar syntax.
@end deffn

@deffn Widget repeat
Allows you to specify a variable length list whose members are all of
the same type.  Implemented on top of the @code{editable-list} basic
widget, and has a similar syntax.
@end deffn

@node Widget Properties, Defining New Widgets, Sexp Types, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Properties
@cindex properties of widgets
@cindex widget properties

You can examine or set the value of a widget by using the widget object
that was returned by @code{widget-create}.

@defun widget-value widget

@defun widget-type widget
Return the name of @var{widget}, a symbol.
@end defun

@cindex active widget
@cindex inactive widget
@cindex activate a widget
@cindex deactivate a widget
Widgets can be in two states: active, which means they are modifiable by
the user, or inactive, which means they cannot be modified by the user.
You can query or set the state with the following code:

@lisp

@node Defining New Widgets, Widget Browser, Widget Properties, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Defining New Widgets
@cindex new widgets
@cindex defining new widgets

You can define specialized widgets with @code{widget-define}.  It allows
you to create a shorthand for more complex widgets, including specifying
component widgets and new default values for the keyword
arguments. 

@defun widget-define name class doc &rest args

Using @code{widget-define} just stores the definition of the widget type
in the @code{widget-type} property of @var{name}, which is what
@code{widget-create} uses.

If you only want to specify defaults for keywords with no complex
conversions, you can use @code{identity} as your conversion function.

The following additional keyword arguments are useful when defining new
widgets: 
@table @code
@vindex convert-widget@r{ keyword}
@item :convert-widget
Function to convert a widget type before creating a widget of that
type.  It takes a widget type as an argument, and returns the converted
widget type.  When a widget is created, this function is called for the
widget type and all the widget's parent types, most derived first. 

@defun widget-value-convert-widget widget
Initialize @code{:value} from @code{:args} in @var{widget}.
@end defun

@vindex value-to-internal@r{ keyword}
@item :value-to-internal
Function to convert the value to the internal format.  The function
takes two arguments, a widget and an external value, and returns the
internal value.  The function is called on the present @code{:value}
when the widget is created, and on any value set later with
@code{widget-value-set}.

@vindex value-to-external@r{ keyword}
@item :value-to-external
Function to convert the value to the external format.  The function
takes two arguments, a widget and an internal value, and returns the
external value.  The function is called on the present @code{:value}
when the widget is created, and on any value set later with
@code{widget-value-set}.

@vindex create@r{ keyword}
@item :create
Function to create a widget from scratch.  The function takes one
argument, a widget type, and creates a widget of that type, inserts it
in the buffer, and returns a widget object.

@vindex delete@r{ keyword}
@item :delete
Function to delete a widget.  The function takes one argument, a widget,
and should remove all traces of the widget from the buffer.

@vindex value-create@r{ keyword}
@item :value-create
Function to expand the @samp{%v} escape in the format string.  It will
be called with the widget as its argument and should insert a
representation of the widget's value in the buffer.

@vindex value-delete@r{ keyword}
@item :value-delete
Should remove the representation of the widget's value from the buffer.
It will be called with the widget as its argument.  It doesn't have to
remove the text, but it should release markers and delete nested widgets
if such have been used.

@defun widget-children-value-delete widget
Delete all @code{:children} and @code{:buttons} in @var{widget}.
@end defun

@vindex value-get@r{ keyword}
@item :value-get 
Function to extract the value of a widget, as it is displayed in the
buffer. 

The following predefined function can be used here:

@defun widget-value-value-get widget
Return the @code{:value} property of @var{widget}.
@end defun

@vindex format-handler@r{ keyword}
@item :format-handler
Function to handle unknown @samp{%} escapes in the format string.  It
will be called with the widget and the character that follows the
@samp{%} as arguments.  You can set this to allow your widget to handle
non-standard escapes.

@findex widget-default-format-handler
You should end up calling @code{widget-default-format-handler} to handle
unknown escape sequences, which will handle the @samp{%h} and any future
escape sequences, as well as give an error for unknown escapes.

@vindex action@r{ keyword}
@item :action
Function to handle user initiated events.  By default, @code{:notify}
the parent. 

The following predefined function can be used here:

@defun widget-parent-action widget &optional event
Tell @code{:parent} of @var{widget} to handle the @code{:action}.
Optional @var{event} is the event that triggered the action.
@end defun

@vindex prompt-value@r{ keyword}
@item :prompt-value
Function to prompt for a value in the minibuffer.  The function should
take four arguments, @var{widget}, @var{prompt}, @var{value}, and
@var{unbound} and should return a value for widget entered by the user.
@var{prompt} is the prompt to use.  @var{value} is the default value to

@end deffn

@node Widget Browser, Widget Minor Mode, Defining New Widgets, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Widget Browser
@cindex widget browser

There is a separate package to browse widgets.  This is intended to help
programmers who want to examine the content of a widget.  The browser
shows the value of each keyword, but uses links for certain keywords
such as @samp{:parent}, which avoids printing cyclic structures.

@deffn Command widget-browse WIDGET
Create a widget browser for WIDGET.
When called interactively, prompt for WIDGET.
@end deffn

@end deffn

@node  Widget Minor Mode, Utilities, Widget Browser, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Widget Minor Mode
@cindex widget minor mode

There is a minor mode for manipulating widgets in major modes that
don't provide any support for widgets themselves.  This is mostly
intended to be useful for programmers doing experiments. 

@deffn Command widget-minor-mode
Toggle minor mode for traversing widgets.
With arg, turn widget mode on if and only if arg is positive.

@end defvar

@node  Utilities, Widget Wishlist, Widget Minor Mode, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Utilities.
@cindex utility functions for widgets

@defun widget-prompt-value widget prompt [ value unbound ]
Prompt for a value matching @var{widget}, using @var{prompt}.
The current value is assumed to be @var{value}, unless @var{unbound} is
non-nil.@refill
@end defun

@defun widget-get-sibling widget
Get the item which @var{widget} is assumed to toggle.
This is only meaningful for radio buttons or checkboxes in a list.
@end defun

@node  Widget Wishlist,  Index, Utilities, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Wishlist
@cindex todo

@itemize @bullet
@item 
It should be possible to add or remove items from a list with @kbd{C-k}
and @kbd{C-o} (suggested by @sc{rms}).

@item 
The @samp{[INS]} and @samp{[DEL]} buttons should be replaced by a single
dash (@samp{-}).  The dash should be a button that, when invoked, asks
whether you want to add or delete an item (@sc{rms} wanted to git rid of
the ugly buttons, the dash is my idea).

@item
The @code{menu-choice} tag should be prettier, something like the abbreviated

@item 
@kbd{C-h} in @code{widget-prompt-value} should give type specific help.

@item 
Add a @code{mailto} widget.
@end itemize

@node Index, , Widget Wishlist, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@unnumbered Index

This is an alphabetical listing of all concepts, functions, commands,
variables, and widgets described in this manual.
@printindex cp

@setchapternewpage odd
@contents
@bye