comparison man/calc.texi @ 59296:35a12f97aef3

(Programming Tutorial): Changed description of how to edit keyboard macros to match current behavior.

59295:009c629ee755

One technique is to enter a throwaway dummy definition for the macro,
then enter the real one in the edit command.

@smallexample
@group
1:  3                   1:  3           Keyboard Macro Editor.
    .                       .           Original keys: 1 @key{RET} 2 +

                                        type "1\r"
                                        type "2"
                                        calc-plus

C-x ( 1 @key{RET} 2 + C-x )    Z K h @key{RET}      Z E h
@end group
@end smallexample

@noindent
This shows the screen display assuming you have the @file{macedit}
keyboard macro editing package installed, which is usually the case
since a copy of @file{macedit} comes bundled with Calc.

A keyboard macro is stored as a pure keystroke sequence.  The
@file{macedit} package (invoked by @kbd{Z E}) scans along the
macro and tries to decode it back into human-readable steps.
If a key or keys are simply shorthand for some command with a
@kbd{M-x} name, that name is shown.  Anything that doesn't correspond
to a @kbd{M-x} command is written as a @samp{type} command.

Let's edit in a new definition, for computing harmonic numbers.
First, erase the three lines of the old definition.  Then, type
in the new definition (or use Emacs @kbd{M-w} and @kbd{C-y} commands
to copy it from this page of the Info file; you can skip typing
the comments that begin with @samp{#}).

@smallexample
calc-kbd-push         # Save local values (Z `)
type "0"              # Push a zero
calc-store-into       # Store it in variable 1
type "1"
type "1"              # Initial value for loop
calc-roll-down        # This is the @key{TAB} key; swap initial & final
calc-kbd-for          # Begin "for" loop...
calc-inv              #   Take reciprocal
calc-store-plus       #   Add to accumulator
type "1"
type "1"              #   Loop step is 1
calc-kbd-end-for      # End "for" loop
calc-recall           # Now recall final accumulated value
type "1"
calc-kbd-pop          # Restore values (Z ')
@end smallexample

@noindent
Press @kbd{C-c C-c} to finish editing and return to the Calculator.

    20             z h
@end group
@end smallexample

If you don't know how to write a particular command in @file{macedit}
format, you can always write it as keystrokes in a @code{type} command.
There is also a @code{keys} command which interprets the rest of the
line as standard Emacs keystroke names.  In fact, @file{macedit} defines
a handy @code{read-kbd-macro} command which reads the current region
of the current buffer as a sequence of keystroke names, and defines that
sequence on the @kbd{X} (and @kbd{C-x e}) key.  Because this is so
useful, Calc puts this command on the @kbd{M-# m} key.  Try reading in
this macro in the following form:  Press @kbd{C-@@} (or @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) at
one end of the text below, then type @kbd{M-# m} at the other.

@example
@group
Z ` 0 t 1

Once you have bound your keyboard macro to a key, you can use
@kbd{Z P} to register it permanently with Emacs.  @xref{Creating User Keys}.

@cindex Keyboard macros, editing
The @kbd{Z E} (@code{calc-user-define-edit}) command on a key that has
been defined by a keyboard macro tries to use the @code{edit-kbd-macro}
command to edit the macro.  This command may be found in the
@file{macedit} package, a copy of which comes with Calc.  It decomposes
the macro definition into full Emacs command names, like @code{calc-pop}
and @code{calc-add}.  Type @kbd{C-c C-c} to finish editing and update
the definition stored on the key, or, to cancel the edit, kill the
buffer with @kbd{C-x k}.

If you give a negative numeric prefix argument to @kbd{Z E}, the keyboard
macro is edited in spelled-out keystroke form.  For example, the editing
buffer might contain the nine characters @w{@samp{1 @key{RET} 2 +}}.  When you press
@kbd{C-c C-c}, the @code{read-kbd-macro} feature of the @file{macedit}
package is used to reinterpret these key names.  The
notations @code{RET}, @code{LFD}, @code{TAB}, @code{SPC}, @code{DEL}, and
@code{NUL} must be written in all uppercase, as must the prefixes @code{C-}
and @code{M-}.  Spaces and line breaks are ignored.  Other characters are
copied verbatim into the keyboard macro.  Basically, the notation is the
same as is used in all of this manual's examples, except that the manual
takes some liberties with spaces:  When we say @kbd{' [1 2 3] @key{RET}}, we take
it for granted that it is clear we really mean @kbd{' [1 @key{SPC} 2 @key{SPC} 3] @key{RET}},
which is what @code{read-kbd-macro} wants to see.

If @file{macedit} is not available, @kbd{Z E} edits the keyboard macro
in ``raw'' form; the editing buffer simply contains characters like
@samp{1^M2+} (here @samp{^M} represents the carriage-return character).
Editing in this mode, you will have to use @kbd{C-q} to enter new
control characters into the buffer.

@kindex M-# m
@pindex read-kbd-macro
The @kbd{M-# m} (@code{read-kbd-macro}) command reads an Emacs ``region''
of spelled-out keystrokes and defines it as the current keyboard macro.
It is a convenient way to define a keyboard macro that has been stored
in a file, or to define a macro without executing it at the same time.
The @kbd{M-# m} command works only if @file{macedit} is present.

@node Conditionals in Macros, Loops in Macros, Naming Keyboard Macros, Keyboard Macros
@subsection Conditionals in Keyboard Macros

@noindent

59296:35a12f97aef3

One technique is to enter a throwaway dummy definition for the macro,
then enter the real one in the edit command.

@smallexample
@group
1:  3                   1:  3           Calc Macro Edit Mode.
    .                       .           Original keys: 1 <return> 2 +

                                        1                          ;; calc digits
                                        RET                        ;; calc-enter
                                        2                          ;; calc digits
                                        +                          ;; calc-plus

C-x ( 1 @key{RET} 2 + C-x )    Z K h @key{RET}      Z E h
@end group
@end smallexample

@noindent
A keyboard macro is stored as a pure keystroke sequence.  The
@file{edmacro} package (invoked by @kbd{Z E}) scans along the
macro and tries to decode it back into human-readable steps.
Descriptions of the keystrokes are given as comments, which begin with
@samp{;;}, and which are ignored when the edited macro is saved.
Spaces and line breaks are also ignored when the edited macro is saved.
To enter a space into the macro, type @code{SPC}.  All the special
characters @code{RET}, @code{LFD}, @code{TAB}, @code{SPC}, @code{DEL},
and @code{NUL} must be written in all uppercase, as must the prefixes
@code{C-} and @code{M-}.

Let's edit in a new definition, for computing harmonic numbers.
First, erase the four lines of the old definition.  Then, type
in the new definition (or use Emacs @kbd{M-w} and @kbd{C-y} commands
to copy it from this page of the Info file; you can of course skip
typing the comments, which begin with @samp{;;}).

@smallexample
Z`                      ;; calc-kbd-push     (Save local values)
0                       ;; calc digits       (Push a zero onto the stack)
st                      ;; calc-store-into   (Store it in the following variable)
1                       ;; calc quick variable  (Quick variable q1)
1                       ;; calc digits       (Initial value for the loop) 
TAB                     ;; calc-roll-down    (Swap initial and final)
Z(                      ;; calc-kbd-for      (Begin the "for" loop)
&                       ;; calc-inv          (Take the reciprocal)
s+                      ;; calc-store-plus   (Add to the following variable)
1                       ;; calc quick variable  (Quick variable q1)
1                       ;; calc digits       (The loop step is 1)
Z)                      ;; calc-kbd-end-for  (End the "for" loop)
sr                      ;; calc-recall       (Recall the final accumulated value)
1                       ;; calc quick variable (Quick variable q1)
Z'                      ;; calc-kbd-pop      (Restore values)
@end smallexample

@noindent
Press @kbd{C-c C-c} to finish editing and return to the Calculator.

    20             z h
@end group
@end smallexample

The @file{edmacro} package defines a handy @code{read-kbd-macro} command
which reads the current region of the current buffer as a sequence of
keystroke names, and defines that sequence on the @kbd{X} 
(and @kbd{C-x e}) key.  Because this is so useful, Calc puts this
command on the @kbd{M-# m} key.  Try reading in this macro in the
following form:  Press @kbd{C-@@} (or @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) at 
one end of the text below, then type @kbd{M-# m} at the other.

@example
@group
Z ` 0 t 1

Once you have bound your keyboard macro to a key, you can use
@kbd{Z P} to register it permanently with Emacs.  @xref{Creating User Keys}.

@cindex Keyboard macros, editing
The @kbd{Z E} (@code{calc-user-define-edit}) command on a key that has
been defined by a keyboard macro tries to use the @code{edmacro} package
edit the macro.  Type @kbd{C-c C-c} to finish editing and update 
the definition stored on the key, or, to cancel the edit, kill the
buffer with @kbd{C-x k}.
The special characters @code{RET}, @code{LFD}, @code{TAB}, @code{SPC},
@code{DEL}, and @code{NUL} must be entered as these three character
sequences, written in all uppercase, as must the prefixes @code{C-} and
@code{M-}.  Spaces and line breaks are ignored.  Other characters are
copied verbatim into the keyboard macro.  Basically, the notation is the
same as is used in all of this manual's examples, except that the manual
takes some liberties with spaces: When we say @kbd{' [1 2 3] @key{RET}},
we take it for granted that it is clear we really mean 
@kbd{' [1 @key{SPC} 2 @key{SPC} 3] @key{RET}}.

@kindex M-# m
@pindex read-kbd-macro
The @kbd{M-# m} (@code{read-kbd-macro}) command reads an Emacs ``region''
of spelled-out keystrokes and defines it as the current keyboard macro.
It is a convenient way to define a keyboard macro that has been stored
in a file, or to define a macro without executing it at the same time.

@node Conditionals in Macros, Loops in Macros, Naming Keyboard Macros, Keyboard Macros
@subsection Conditionals in Keyboard Macros

@noindent