comparison lispref/windows.texi @ 25751:467b88fab665

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25750:f1968a807f56

                              and choosing a window for it.
* Choosing Window::	    How to choose a window for displaying a buffer.
* Window Point::            Each window has its own location of point.
* Window Start::            The display-start position controls which text
                              is on-screen in the window.
* Vertical Scrolling::      Moving text up and down in the window.
* Horizontal Scrolling::    Moving text sideways on the window.
* Size of Window::          Accessing the size of a window.
* Resizing Windows::        Changing the size of a window.
* Coordinates and Windows:: Converting coordinates to windows.
* Window Configurations::   Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
* Window Hooks::            Hooks for scrolling, window size changes,

with a scroll bar (@pxref{Window Frame Parameters,Scroll Bars}) or @samp{|}
characters.  The display table can specify alternative border
characters; see @ref{Display Tables}.
@end deffn

@deffn Command split-window-vertically size
This function splits the selected window into two windows, one above the
other, leaving the upper of the two windows selected, with @var{size}
lines.  (If @var{size} is negative, then the lower of the two windows
gets @minus{} @var{size} lines and the upper window gets the rest, but
the upper window is still the one selected.)

This function is simply an interface to @code{split-window}.
Here is the complete function definition for it:

@smallexample
@group
(defun split-window-vertically (&optional arg)
  "Split current window into two windows, @dots{}"
  (interactive "P")
  (split-window nil (and arg (prefix-numeric-value arg))))
@end group
@end smallexample
@end deffn

@deffn Command split-window-horizontally size
This function splits the selected window into two windows
side-by-side, leaving the selected window with @var{size} columns.

This function is simply an interface to @code{split-window}.  Here is
the complete definition for @code{split-window-horizontally} (except for
part of the documentation string):

@smallexample
@group
(defun split-window-horizontally (&optional arg)
  "Split selected window into two windows, side by side..."
  (interactive "P")
  (split-window nil (and arg (prefix-numeric-value arg)) t))
@end group
@end smallexample
@end deffn

@defun one-window-p &optional no-mini all-frames

This function returns the window preceding @var{window} in the cyclic
ordering of windows.  The other arguments specify which windows to
include in the cycle, as in @code{next-window}.
@end defun

@deffn Command other-window count
This function selects the @var{count}th following window in the cyclic
order.  If count is negative, then it moves back @minus{}@var{count}
windows in the cycle, rather than forward.  It returns @code{nil}.

In an interactive call, @var{count} is the numeric prefix argument.
@end deffn

@c Emacs 19 feature

function, which should return a frame.  The default value of the
variable is a function that creates a frame using parameters from
@code{pop-up-frame-alist}.
@end defvar

@defvar pop-up-frame-alist
This variable holds an alist specifying frame parameters used when
@code{display-buffer} makes a new frame.  @xref{Frame Parameters}, for
more information about frame parameters.
@end defvar

@defopt special-display-buffer-names
A list of buffer names for buffers that should be displayed specially.
If the buffer's name is in this list, @code{display-buffer} handles the
buffer specially.

The default value of this variable is
@code{special-display-popup-frame}.
@end defvar

@defun special-display-popup-frame buffer
This function makes @var{buffer} visible in a frame of its own.  If
@var{buffer} is already displayed in a window in some frame, it makes
the frame visible and raises it, to use that window.  Otherwise, it
creates a frame that will be dedicated to @var{buffer}.

This function uses an existing window displaying @var{buffer} whether or
not it is in a frame of its own; but if you set up the above variables
in your init file, before @var{buffer} was created, then presumably the
window was previously made by this function.
@end defun

@defopt special-display-frame-alist
This variable holds frame parameters for
@code{special-display-popup-frame} to use when it creates a frame.

  As far as the user is concerned, point is where the cursor is, and
when the user switches to another buffer, the cursor jumps to the
position of point in that buffer.

@defun window-point window
This function returns the current position of point in @var{window}.
For a nonselected window, this is the value point would have (in that
window's buffer) if that window were selected.

When @var{window} is the selected window and its buffer is also the
current buffer, the value returned is the same as point in that buffer.

Strictly speaking, it would be more correct to return the

When you create a window, or display a different buffer in it, the
display-start position is set to a display-start position recently used
for the same buffer, or 1 if the buffer doesn't have any.

Redisplay updates the window-start position (if you have not specified
it explicitly since the previous redisplay) so that point appears on the
screen.  Nothing except redisplay automatically changes the window-start
position; if you move point, do not expect the window-start position to
change in response until after the next redisplay.

For a realistic example of using @code{window-start}, see the
description of @code{count-lines} in @ref{Text Lines}.
@end defun

@end example

The @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} function considers only vertical
scrolling.  If @var{position} is out of view only because @var{window}
has been scrolled horizontally, @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} returns
@code{t}.  @xref{Horizontal Scrolling}.
@end defun

@node Vertical Scrolling
@section Vertical Scrolling
@cindex vertical scrolling
@cindex scrolling vertically

  Vertical scrolling means moving the text up or down in a window.  It
works by changing the value of the window's display-start location.  It
may also change the value of @code{window-point} to keep it on the
screen.

  In the commands @code{scroll-up} and @code{scroll-down}, the directions
``up'' and ``down'' refer to the motion of the text in the buffer at which
you are looking through the window.  Imagine that the text is
written on a long roll of paper and that the scrolling commands move the

text in the buffer, but it is less like what the user sees.  The
position of a window on the terminal does not move, and short scrolling
commands clearly move the text up or down on the screen.  We have chosen
names that fit the user's point of view.

  The scrolling functions (aside from @code{scroll-other-window}) have
unpredictable results if the current buffer is different from the buffer
that is displayed in the selected window.  @xref{Current Buffer}.

@deffn Command scroll-up &optional count
This function scrolls the text in the selected window upward
@var{count} lines.  If @var{count} is negative, scrolling is actually
downward.

@deffn Command scroll-other-window &optional count
This function scrolls the text in another window upward @var{count}
lines.  Negative values of @var{count}, or @code{nil}, are handled
as in @code{scroll-up}.

You can specify a buffer to scroll with the variable
@code{other-window-scroll-buffer}.  When the selected window is the
minibuffer, the next window is normally the one at the top left corner.
You can specify a different window to scroll with the variable
@code{minibuffer-scroll-window}.  This variable has no effect when any
other window is selected.  @xref{Minibuffer Misc}.

When the minibuffer is active, it is the next window if the selected
window is the one at the bottom right corner.  In this case,

(global-set-key [kp-multiply] 'line-to-top-of-window)
@end group
@end example
@end deffn

@node Horizontal Scrolling
@section Horizontal Scrolling
@cindex horizontal scrolling

  Because we read English from left to right in the ``inner loop'', and
from top to bottom in the ``outer loop'', horizontal scrolling is not
like vertical scrolling.  Vertical scrolling involves selection of a
contiguous portion of text to display, but horizontal scrolling causes
part of each line to go off screen.  The amount of horizontal scrolling
is therefore specified as a number of columns rather than as a position
in the buffer.  It has nothing to do with the display-start position
returned by @code{window-start}.

  Usually, no horizontal scrolling is in effect; then the leftmost
column is at the left edge of the window.  In this state, scrolling to
the right is meaningless, since there is no data to the left of the
screen to be revealed by it; so this is not allowed.  Scrolling to the
left is allowed; it scrolls the first columns of text off the edge of
the window and can reveal additional columns on the right that were
truncated before.  Once a window has a nonzero amount of leftward
horizontal scrolling, you can scroll it back to the right, but only so
far as to reduce the net horizontal scroll to zero.  There is no limit
to how far left you can scroll, but eventually all the text will
disappear off the left edge.

@deffn Command scroll-left count
This function scrolls the selected window @var{count} columns to the
left (or to the right if @var{count} is negative).  The return value is
the total amount of leftward horizontal scrolling in effect after the
change---just like the value returned by @code{window-hscroll} (below).
@end deffn

@deffn Command scroll-right count
This function scrolls the selected window @var{count} columns to the
right (or to the left if @var{count} is negative).  The return value is
the total amount of leftward horizontal scrolling in effect after the
change---just like the value returned by @code{window-hscroll} (below).

Once you scroll a window as far right as it can go, back to its normal
position where the total leftward scrolling is zero, attempts to scroll
any farther right have no effect.
@end deffn

@defun set-window-hscroll window columns
This function sets the number of columns from the left margin that
@var{window} is scrolled from the value of @var{columns}.  The argument
@var{columns} should be zero or positive; if not, it is taken as zero.

The value returned is @var{columns}.

@example
@group

@var{bottom})}, all elements relative to 0, 0 at the top left corner of
the frame.  The element @var{right} of the value is one more than the
rightmost column used by @var{window}, and @var{bottom} is one more than
the bottommost row used by @var{window} and its mode-line.

When you have side-by-side windows, the right edge value for a window
with a neighbor on the right includes the width of the separator between
the window and that neighbor.  This separator may be a column of
@samp{|} characters or it may be a scroll bar.  Since the width of the
window does not include this separator, the width does not equal the
difference between the right and left edges in this case.

Here is the result obtained on a typical 24-line terminal with just one
window:

@example

@noindent
The bottom edge is at line 23 because the last line is the echo area.

If @var{window} is at the upper left corner of its frame, then
@var{bottom} is the same as the value of @code{(window-height)},
@var{right} is almost the same as the value of
@code{(window-width)}@footnote{They are not exactly equal because
@var{right} includes the vertical separator line or scroll bar, while
@code{(window-width)} does not.}, and @var{top} and @var{left} are zero.
For example, the edges of the following window are @w{@samp{0 0 5 8}}.
Assuming that the frame has more than 8 columns, the last column of the
window (column 7) holds a border rather than text.  The last row (row 4)
holds the mode line, shown here with @samp{xxxxxxxxx}.

@example
@group
           0
           _______

                  7
@end group
@end example

When there are side-by-side windows, any window not at the right edge of
its frame has a separator in its last column or columns.  The separator
counts as one or two columns in the width of the window.  A window never
includes a separator on its left, since that belongs to the window to
the left.

In the following example, let's suppose that the frame is 7
columns wide.  Then the edges of the left window are @w{@samp{0 0 4 3}}
and the edges of the right window are @w{@samp{4 0 7 3}}.

@example
@group
           ___ ___
          |   |   |

If the requested size would exceed that of the window's frame, then the
function makes the window occupy the entire height (or width) of the
frame.

If @var{size} is negative, this function shrinks the window by
@minus{}@var{size} lines or columns.  If that makes the window smaller
than the minimum size (@code{window-min-height} and
@code{window-min-width}), @code{enlarge-window} deletes the window.

  (shrink-window columns t))
@end group
@end example
@end deffn

@deffn Command shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer window
This command shrinks @var{window} to be as small as possible while still
showing the full contents of its buffer---but not less than
@code{window-min-height} lines.

However, the command does nothing if the window is already too small to
display the whole text of the buffer, or if part of the contents are
currently scrolled off screen, or if the window is not the full width of
its frame, or if the window is the only window in its frame.
@end deffn

@cindex minimum window size
  The following two variables constrain the window-size-changing
functions to a minimum height and width.

window.

@item mode-line
The coordinates are in the mode line of @var{window}.

@item vertical-split
The coordinates are in the vertical line between @var{window} and its
neighbor to the right.  This value occurs only if the window doesn't
have a scroll bar; positions in a scroll bar are considered outside the
window.

@item nil
The coordinates are not in any part of @var{window}.
@end table

  If you want to record all frames instead of just one, use a frame
configuration instead of a window configuration.  @xref{Frame
Configurations}.

@defun current-window-configuration
This function returns a new object representing the selected frame's
current window configuration, including the number of windows, their
sizes and current buffers, which window is the selected window, and for
each window the displayed buffer, the display-start position, and the
positions of point and the mark.  It also includes the values of
@code{window-min-height}, @code{window-min-width} and
@code{minibuffer-scroll-window}.  An exception is made for point in the
current buffer, whose value is not saved.
@end defun

@defun set-window-configuration configuration
This function restores the configuration of windows and buffers as
specified by @var{configuration}.  The argument @var{configuration} must
be a value that was previously returned by
@code{current-window-configuration}.  This configuration is restored in
the frame from which @var{configuration} was made, whether that frame is
selected or not.  This always counts as a window size change and
triggers execution of the @code{window-size-change-functions}
(@pxref{Window Hooks}), because @code{set-window-configuration} doesn't
know how to tell whether the new configuration actually differs from the
old one.

If the frame which @var{configuration} was saved from is dead, all this

@tindex set-window-redisplay-end-trigger
This function sets @var{window}'s end trigger position at
@var{position}.
@end defun

@defun window-redisplay-end-trigger window
@tindex window-redisplay-end-trigger
This function returns @var{window}'s current end trigger position.
@end defun

@defvar window-configuration-change-hook

25751:467b88fab665

                              and choosing a window for it.
* Choosing Window::	    How to choose a window for displaying a buffer.
* Window Point::            Each window has its own location of point.
* Window Start::            The display-start position controls which text
                              is on-screen in the window.
* Textual Scrolling::       Moving text up and down through the window.
* Vertical Scrolling::      Moving the contents up and down on the window.
* Horizontal Scrolling::    Moving the contents sideways on the window.
* Size of Window::          Accessing the size of a window.
* Resizing Windows::        Changing the size of a window.
* Coordinates and Windows:: Converting coordinates to windows.
* Window Configurations::   Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
* Window Hooks::            Hooks for scrolling, window size changes,

with a scroll bar (@pxref{Window Frame Parameters,Scroll Bars}) or @samp{|}
characters.  The display table can specify alternative border
characters; see @ref{Display Tables}.
@end deffn

@deffn Command split-window-vertically &optional size
This function splits the selected window into two windows, one above the
other, leaving the upper of the two windows selected, with @var{size}
lines.  (If @var{size} is negative, then the lower of the two windows
gets @minus{} @var{size} lines and the upper window gets the rest, but
the upper window is still the one selected.)
@end deffn

@deffn Command split-window-horizontally size
This function splits the selected window into two windows
side-by-side, leaving the selected window with @var{size} columns.

This function is basically an interface to @code{split-window}.
You could define a simplified version of the function like this:

@smallexample
@group
(defun split-window-horizontally (&optional arg)
  "Split selected window into two windows, side by side..."
  (interactive "P")
@endgroup
@group
  (let ((size (and arg (prefix-numeric-value arg))))
    (and size (< size 0)
	 (setq size (+ (window-width) size)))
    (split-window nil size t)))
@end group
@end smallexample
@end deffn

@defun one-window-p &optional no-mini all-frames

This function returns the window preceding @var{window} in the cyclic
ordering of windows.  The other arguments specify which windows to
include in the cycle, as in @code{next-window}.
@end defun

@deffn Command other-window count &optional all-frames
This function selects the @var{count}th following window in the cyclic
order.  If count is negative, then it moves back @minus{}@var{count}
windows in the cycle, rather than forward.  It returns @code{nil}.

The argument @var{all-frames} has the same meaning is as in
@code{next-window}, but the @var{minibuf} argument of @code{next-window}
is always effectively @code{nil}.

In an interactive call, @var{count} is the numeric prefix argument.
@end deffn

@c Emacs 19 feature

function, which should return a frame.  The default value of the
variable is a function that creates a frame using parameters from
@code{pop-up-frame-alist}.
@end defvar

@defopt pop-up-frame-alist
This variable holds an alist specifying frame parameters used when
@code{display-buffer} makes a new frame.  @xref{Frame Parameters}, for
more information about frame parameters.
@end defopt

@defopt special-display-buffer-names
A list of buffer names for buffers that should be displayed specially.
If the buffer's name is in this list, @code{display-buffer} handles the
buffer specially.

The default value of this variable is
@code{special-display-popup-frame}.
@end defvar

@defun special-display-popup-frame buffer &rest args
This function makes @var{buffer} visible in a frame of its own.  If
@var{buffer} is already displayed in a window in some frame, it makes
the frame visible and raises it, to use that window.  Otherwise, it
creates a frame that will be dedicated to @var{buffer}.

If @var{args} is an alist, it specifies frame parameters for the new
frame.

If @var{args} is a list whose @sc{car} is a symbol, then @code{(car
@var{args})} is called as a function to actually create and set up the
frame; it is called with @var{buffer} as first argument, and @code{(cdr
@var{args})} as additional arguments.

This function always uses an existing window displaying @var{buffer},
whether or not it is in a frame of its own; but if you set up the above
variables in your init file, before @var{buffer} was created, then
presumably the window was previously made by this function.
@end defun

@defopt special-display-frame-alist
This variable holds frame parameters for
@code{special-display-popup-frame} to use when it creates a frame.

  As far as the user is concerned, point is where the cursor is, and
when the user switches to another buffer, the cursor jumps to the
position of point in that buffer.

@defun window-point &optional window
This function returns the current position of point in @var{window}.
For a nonselected window, this is the value point would have (in that
window's buffer) if that window were selected.  If @var{window} is
@code{nil}, the selected window is used.

When @var{window} is the selected window and its buffer is also the
current buffer, the value returned is the same as point in that buffer.

Strictly speaking, it would be more correct to return the

When you create a window, or display a different buffer in it, the
display-start position is set to a display-start position recently used
for the same buffer, or 1 if the buffer doesn't have any.

Redisplay updates the window-start position (if you have not specified
it explicitly since the previous redisplay)---for example, to make sure
point appears on the screen.  Nothing except redisplay automatically
changes the window-start position; if you move point, do not expect the
window-start position to change in response until after the next
redisplay.

For a realistic example of using @code{window-start}, see the
description of @code{count-lines} in @ref{Text Lines}.
@end defun

@end example

The @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} function considers only vertical
scrolling.  If @var{position} is out of view only because @var{window}
has been scrolled horizontally, @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} returns
@code{t} anyway.  @xref{Horizontal Scrolling}.
@end defun

@node Textual Scrolling
@section Textual Scrolling
@cindex textual scrolling
@cindex scrolling textually

  @dfn{Textual scrolling} means moving the text up or down though a
window.  It works by changing the value of the window's display-start
location.  It may also change the value of @code{window-point} to keep
point on the screen.

  Textual scrolling was formerly called ``vertical scrolling,'' but we
changed its name to distinguish it from the new vertical fractional
scrolling feature (@pxref{Vertical Scrolling}).

  In the commands @code{scroll-up} and @code{scroll-down}, the directions
``up'' and ``down'' refer to the motion of the text in the buffer at which
you are looking through the window.  Imagine that the text is
written on a long roll of paper and that the scrolling commands move the

text in the buffer, but it is less like what the user sees.  The
position of a window on the terminal does not move, and short scrolling
commands clearly move the text up or down on the screen.  We have chosen
names that fit the user's point of view.

  The textual scrolling functions (aside from
@code{scroll-other-window}) have unpredictable results if the current
buffer is different from the buffer that is displayed in the selected
window.  @xref{Current Buffer}.

@deffn Command scroll-up &optional count
This function scrolls the text in the selected window upward
@var{count} lines.  If @var{count} is negative, scrolling is actually
downward.

@deffn Command scroll-other-window &optional count
This function scrolls the text in another window upward @var{count}
lines.  Negative values of @var{count}, or @code{nil}, are handled
as in @code{scroll-up}.

You can specify which buffer to scroll by setting the variable
@code{other-window-scroll-buffer} to a buffer.  If that buffer isn't
already displayed, @code{scroll-other-window} displays it in some
window.

When the selected window is the minibuffer, the next window is normally
the one at the top left corner.  You can specify a different window to
scroll, when the minibuffer is selected, by setting the variable
@code{minibuffer-scroll-window}.  This variable has no effect when any
other window is selected.  @xref{Minibuffer Misc}.

When the minibuffer is active, it is the next window if the selected
window is the one at the bottom right corner.  In this case,

(global-set-key [kp-multiply] 'line-to-top-of-window)
@end group
@end example
@end deffn

@node Vertical Scrolling
@section Vertical Fractional Scrolling
@cindex Vertical Fractional Scrolling

  @dfn{Vertical fractional scrolling} means shifting the image in the
window up or down by a specified multiple or fraction of a line.
Starting in Emacs 21, each window has a @dfn{vertical scroll position},
which is a number, never less than zero.  It specifies how far to raise
the contents of the window.  Raising the window contents generally makes
all or part of some lines disappear off the top, and all or part of some
other lines appear at the bottom.  The usual value is zero.

  The vertical scroll position is measured in units of the normal line
height, which is the height of the default font.  Thus, if the value is
.5, that means the window contents are scrolled up half the normal line
height.  If it is 3.3, that means the window contents are scrolled up
somewhat over three times the normal line height.

  What fraction of a line the vertical scrolling covers, or how many
lines, depends on what the lines contain.  A value of .5 could scroll a
line whose height is very short off the screen, while a value of 3.3
could scroll just part of the way through a tall line or an image.

@defun window-vscroll &optional window
This function returns the current vertical scroll position of
@var{window}, If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is
used.

@example
@group
(window-vscroll)
     @result{} 0
@end group
@end example
@end defun

@defun set-window-vscroll window lines
This function sets @var{window}'s vertical scroll position to
@var{lines}.  The argument @var{lines} should be zero or positive; if
not, it is taken as zero.

The actual vertical scroll position must always correspond
to an integral number of pixels, so the value you specify
is rounded accordingly.

The return value is the result of this rounding.

@example
@group
(set-window-vscroll (selected-window) 1.2)
     @result{} 1.13
@end group
@end example
@end defun

@node Horizontal Scrolling
@section Horizontal Scrolling
@cindex horizontal scrolling

  @dfn{Horizontal scrolling} means shifting the image in the window left
or right by a specified multiple of the normal character width.  Each
window has a @dfn{vertical scroll position}, which is a number, never
less than zero.  It specifies how far to shift the contents left.
Shifting the window contents left generally makes all or part of some
characters disappear off the left, and all or part of some other
characters appear at the right.  The usual value is zero.

  The horizontal scroll position is measured in units of the normal
character width, which is the width of space in the default font.  Thus,
if the value is 5, that means the window contents are scrolled left by 5
times the the normal character width.  How many characters actually
disappear off to the left depends on their width, and could vary from
line to line.

  Because we read from side to side in the ``inner loop'', and from top
to bottom in the ``outer loop'', the effect of horizontal scrolling is
not like that of textual or vertical scrolling.  Textual scrolling
involves selection of a portion of text to display, and vertical
scrolling moves the window contents contiguously; but horizontal
scrolling causes part of @emph{each line} to go off screen.

  Usually, no horizontal scrolling is in effect; then the leftmost
column is at the left edge of the window.  In this state, scrolling to
the right is meaningless, since there is no data to the left of the edge
to be revealed by it; so this is not allowed.  Scrolling to the left is
allowed; it scrolls the first columns of text off the edge of the window
and can reveal additional columns on the right that were truncated
before.  Once a window has a nonzero amount of leftward horizontal
scrolling, you can scroll it back to the right, but only so far as to
reduce the net horizontal scroll to zero.  There is no limit to how far
left you can scroll, but eventually all the text will disappear off the
left edge.

  In Emacs 21, redisplay automatically alters the horizontal scrolling
of a window as necessary to ensure that point is always visible.
However, you can still set the horizontal scrolling value explicitly.
The value you specify will be used, provided it leaves point visible.

@deffn Command scroll-left &optional count
This function scrolls the selected window @var{count} columns to the
left (or to the right if @var{count} is negative).  The default
for @var{count} is the window width, minus 2.

The return value is the total amount of leftward horizontal scrolling in
effect after the change---just like the value returned by
@code{window-hscroll} (below).
@end deffn

@deffn Command scroll-right &optional count
This function scrolls the selected window @var{count} columns to the
right (or to the left if @var{count} is negative).  The default
for @var{count} is the window width, minus 2.

The return value is the total amount of leftward horizontal scrolling in
effect after the change---just like the value returned by
@code{window-hscroll} (below).

Once you scroll a window as far right as it can go, back to its normal
position where the total leftward scrolling is zero, attempts to scroll
any farther right have no effect.
@end deffn

@defun set-window-hscroll window columns
This function sets the number of columns from the left margin that
@var{window} is scrolled from the value of @var{columns}.  The argument
@var{columns} should be zero or positive; if not, it is taken as zero.
Fractional values of @var{columns} are not supported at present.

The value returned is @var{columns}.

@example
@group

@var{bottom})}, all elements relative to 0, 0 at the top left corner of
the frame.  The element @var{right} of the value is one more than the
rightmost column used by @var{window}, and @var{bottom} is one more than
the bottommost row used by @var{window} and its mode-line.

If a window has a scroll bar, the right edge value includes the width of
the scroll bar.  Otherwise, if the window has a neighbor on the right,
its right edge value includes the width of the separator line between
the window and that neighbor.  Since the width of the window does not
include this separator, the width does not usually equal the difference
between the right and left edges.

Here is the result obtained on a typical 24-line terminal with just one
window:

@example

@noindent
The bottom edge is at line 23 because the last line is the echo area.

If @var{window} is at the upper left corner of its frame, then
@var{bottom} is the same as the value of @code{(window-height)},
@var{right} is almost the same as the value of @code{(window-width)},
and @var{top} and @var{left} are zero.  For example, the edges of the
following window are @w{@samp{0 0 8 5}}.  Assuming that the frame has
more than 8 columns, the last column of the window (column 7) holds a
border rather than text.  The last row (row 4) holds the mode line,
shown here with @samp{xxxxxxxxx}.

@example
@group
           0
           _______

                  7
@end group
@end example

In the following example, let's suppose that the frame is 7
columns wide.  Then the edges of the left window are @w{@samp{0 0 4 3}}
and the edges of the right window are @w{@samp{4 0 8 3}}.

@example
@group
           ___ ___
          |   |   |

If the requested size would exceed that of the window's frame, then the
function makes the window occupy the entire height (or width) of the
frame.

If there are various other windows from which lines or columns can be
stolen, and some of them specify fixed size (using
@code{window-size-fixed}, see below), they are left untouched while
other windows are ``robbed.''  If it would be necessary to alter the
size of a fixed-size window, @code{enlarge-window} gets an error
instead.

If @var{size} is negative, this function shrinks the window by
@minus{}@var{size} lines or columns.  If that makes the window smaller
than the minimum size (@code{window-min-height} and
@code{window-min-width}), @code{enlarge-window} deletes the window.

  (shrink-window columns t))
@end group
@end example
@end deffn

@deffn Command shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer &optional window
This command shrinks @var{window} to be as small as possible while still
showing the full contents of its buffer---but not less than
@code{window-min-height} lines.  If @var{window} is not given,
it defaults to the selected window.

However, the command does nothing if the window is already too small to
display the whole text of the buffer, or if part of the contents are
currently scrolled off screen, or if the window is not the full width of
its frame, or if the window is the only window in its frame.
@end deffn

@tindex window-size-fixed
@defvar window-size-fixed
If this variable is non-@code{nil}, in any given buffer,
then the size of any window displaying the buffer remains fixed
unless you explicitly change it or Emacs has no other choice.
(This feature is new in Emacs 21.)

If the value is @code{height}, then only the window's height is fixed;
if the value is @code{width}, then only the window's width is fixed.
Any other non-@code{nil} value fixes both the width and the height.

The usual way to use this variable is to give it a buffer-local value in
a particular buffer.  That way, the windows (but usually there is only
one) displaying that buffer have fixed size.

Explicit size-change functions such as @code{enlarge-window}
get an error if they would have to change a window size which is fixed.
Therefore, when you want to change the size of such a window,
you should bind @code{window-size-fixed} to @code{nil}, like this:

@example
(let ((window-size-fixed nil))
   (enlarge-window 10))
@end example

Note that changing the frame size will change the size of a
fixed-size window, if there is no other alternative.
@end defvar

@cindex minimum window size
  The following two variables constrain the window-size-changing
functions to a minimum height and width.

window.

@item mode-line
The coordinates are in the mode line of @var{window}.

@item header-line
The coordinates are in the header line of @var{window}.

@item vertical-line
The coordinates are in the vertical line between @var{window} and its
neighbor to the right.  This value occurs only if the window doesn't
have a scroll bar; positions in a scroll bar are considered outside the
window for these purposes.

@item nil
The coordinates are not in any part of @var{window}.
@end table

  If you want to record all frames instead of just one, use a frame
configuration instead of a window configuration.  @xref{Frame
Configurations}.

@defun current-window-configuration &optional frame
This function returns a new object representing @var{frame}'s
current window configuration, including the number of windows, their
sizes and current buffers, which window is the selected window, and for
each window the displayed buffer, the display-start position, and the
positions of point and the mark.  It also includes the values of
@code{window-min-height}, @code{window-min-width} and
@code{minibuffer-scroll-window}.  An exception is made for point in the
current buffer, whose value is not saved.

If @var{frame} is omitted, the selected frame is used.
@end defun

@defun set-window-configuration configuration
This function restores the configuration of windows and buffers as
specified by @var{configuration}, for the frame that @var{configuration}
was created for.

The argument @var{configuration} must be a value that was previously
returned by @code{current-window-configuration}.  This configuration is
restored in the frame from which @var{configuration} was made, whether
that frame is selected or not.  This always counts as a window size
change and triggers execution of the @code{window-size-change-functions}
(@pxref{Window Hooks}), because @code{set-window-configuration} doesn't
know how to tell whether the new configuration actually differs from the
old one.

If the frame which @var{configuration} was saved from is dead, all this

@tindex set-window-redisplay-end-trigger
This function sets @var{window}'s end trigger position at
@var{position}.
@end defun

@defun window-redisplay-end-trigger &optional window
@tindex window-redisplay-end-trigger
This function returns @var{window}'s current end trigger position.
@end defun

@defvar window-configuration-change-hook