comparison lispref/elisp.texi @ 90751:52a7f3f50b89

Merge from emacs--devo--0 Patches applied: * emacs--devo--0 (patch 624-636) - Update from CVS - Merge from gnus--rel--5.10 * gnus--rel--5.10 (patch 200-201) - Merge from emacs--devo--0 - Update from CVS: lisp/nnweb.el (nnweb-google-parse-1): Update parser. Revision: [e-mail]/emacs--unicode--0--patch-171

90750:f8cc067aba62

@ignore
* New Symbols::             New functions and variables in Emacs @value{EMACSVER}.
@end ignore

Detailed Node Listing
---------------------

Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed,
mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:

Introduction

* Buffer Text Notation::    The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
* Format of Descriptions::  Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.

Format of Descriptions

* A Sample Function Description::
* A Sample Variable Description::

Lisp Data Types

* Printed Representation::  How Lisp objects are represented as text.
* Comments::                Comments and their formatting conventions.

* Primitive Function Type::     A function written in C, callable from Lisp.
* Byte-Code Type::      A function written in Lisp, then compiled.
* Autoload Type::       A type used for automatically loading seldom-used
                          functions.

Cons Cell and List Types

* Box Diagrams::            Drawing pictures of lists.
* Dotted Pair Notation::    An alternative syntax for lists.
* Association List Type::   A specially constructed list.

Editing Types

* Buffer Type::             The basic object of editing.
* Marker Type::             A position in a buffer.
* Window Type::             What makes buffers visible.
* Frame Type::		    Windows subdivide frames.
* Window Configuration Type::Save what the screen looks like.
* Frame Configuration Type::Recording the status of all frames.
* Process Type::            A process running on the underlying OS.
* Stream Type::             Receive or send characters.
* Keymap Type::             What function a keystroke invokes.
* Overlay Type::            How an overlay is represented.

Numbers

* Integer Basics::            Representation and range of integers.
* Float Basics::	      Representation and range of floating point.
* Predicates on Numbers::     Testing for numbers.
* Comparison of Numbers::     Equality and inequality predicates.
* Numeric Conversions::	      Converting float to integer and vice versa.
* Arithmetic Operations::     How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
* Rounding Operations::       Explicitly rounding floating point numbers.
* Bitwise Operations::        Logical and, or, not, shifting.
* Math Functions::            Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
* Random Numbers::            Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.

Strings and Characters

* String Basics::           Basic properties of strings and characters.
* Predicates for Strings::  Testing whether an object is a string or char.
* Creating Strings::        Functions to allocate new strings.
* Modifying Strings::         Altering the contents of an existing string.
* Text Comparison::         Comparing characters or strings.
* String Conversion::       Converting characters or strings and vice versa.
* Formatting Strings::      @code{format}: Emacs's analogue of @code{printf}.
* Case Conversion::         Case conversion functions.
* Case Tables::		      Customizing case conversion.

Lists

* Cons Cells::              How lists are made out of cons cells.
* List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list?  Comparing two lists.
* List Elements::           Extracting the pieces of a list.
* Building Lists::          Creating list structure.
* Modifying Lists::         Storing new pieces into an existing list.
* Sets And Lists::          A list can represent a finite mathematical set.
* Association Lists::       A list can represent a finite relation or mapping.
* Rings::                   Managing a fixed-size ring of objects.

Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors

* Sequence Functions::      Functions that accept any kind of sequence.
* Arrays::                  Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp.
* Array Functions::         Functions specifically for arrays.
* Vectors::                 Functions specifically for vectors.
* Vector Functions::        Functions specifically for vectors.
* Char-Tables::             How to work with char-tables.
* Bool-Vectors::            How to work with bool-vectors.

Hash Tables

                              and property lists.
* Definitions::             A definition says how a symbol will be used.
* Creating Symbols::        How symbols are kept unique.
* Property Lists::          Each symbol has a property list
                              for recording miscellaneous information.

Evaluation

* Intro Eval::              Evaluation in the scheme of things.
* Forms::                   How various sorts of objects are evaluated.

* Backquote::               Easier construction of list structure.
* Problems with Macros::    Don't evaluate the macro arguments too many times.
                              Don't hide the user's variables.
* Indenting Macros::        Specifying how to indent macro calls.

Writing Customization Definitions

* Common Keywords::         Common keyword arguments for all kinds of
                              customization declarations.
* Group Definitions::       Writing customization group definitions.
* Variable Definitions::    Declaring user options.
* Customization Types::     Specifying the type of a user option.

Loading

* How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others.
* Load Suffixes::           Details about the suffixes that @code{load} tries.

* Using Interactive::       General rules for @code{interactive}.
* Interactive Codes::       The standard letter-codes for reading arguments
                              in various ways.
* Interactive Examples::    Examples of how to read interactive arguments.

Keymaps

* Key Sequences::        	Key sequences as Lisp objects.
* Keymap Basics::               Basic concepts of keymaps.
* Format of Keymaps::		What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
* Creating Keymaps:: 		Functions to create and copy keymaps.
* Inheritance and Keymaps::	How one keymap can inherit the bindings
				  of another keymap.
* Prefix Keys::                 Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
* Active Keymaps::	        Each buffer has a local keymap
                                  to override the standard (global) bindings.
				  Each minor mode can also override them.
* Key Lookup::                  How extracting elements from keymaps works.
* Functions for Key Lookup::    How to request key lookup.
* Changing Key Bindings::       Redefining a key in a keymap.
* Remapping Commands::          A keymap can translate one command to another.
* Key Binding Commands::        Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
* Scanning Keymaps::            Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
* Menu Keymaps::                A keymap can define a menu for X
                                  or for use from the terminal.
* Standard Keymaps::            List of standard keymaps.

Major and Minor Modes

* Hooks::                   How to use hooks; how to write code that
                              provides hooks.

                              of definitions in the buffer.
* Font Lock Mode::          How modes can highlight text according to syntax.
* Desktop Save Mode::       How modes can have buffer state saved between
                              Emacs sessions.

Major Modes

* Major Mode Basics::
* Major Mode Conventions::  Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.
* Example Major Modes::     Text mode and Lisp modes.

* Mode Line Variables::     Variables used in that data structure.
* %-Constructs::            Putting information into a mode line.
* Properties in Mode::      Using text properties in the mode line.
* Header Lines::            Like a mode line, but at the top.
* Emulating Mode Line::     Formatting text as the mode line would.

Documentation

* Documentation Basics::    Good style for doc strings.
                              Where to put them.  How Emacs stores them.

* Testing Accessibility::   Is a given file readable?  Writable?
* Kinds of Files::          Is it a directory?  A symbolic link?
* Truenames::		    Eliminating symbolic links from a file name.
* File Attributes::         How large is it?  Any other names?  Etc.

File Names

* File Name Components::    The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
* Relative File Names::     Some file names are relative to a

* Buffer Names::            Accessing and changing buffer names.
* Buffer File Name::        The buffer file name indicates which file
                              is visited.
* Buffer Modification::     A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved.
* Modification Time::       Determining whether the visited file was changed
                              "behind Emacs's back".
* Read Only Buffers::       Modifying text is not allowed in a
                              read-only buffer.
* The Buffer List::         How to look at all the existing buffers.
* Creating Buffers::        Functions that create buffers.
* Killing Buffers::         Buffers exist until explicitly killed.

* Splitting Windows::       Splitting one window into two windows.
* Deleting Windows::        Deleting a window gives its space to other windows.
* Selecting Windows::       The selected window is the one that you edit in.
* Cyclic Window Ordering::  Moving around the existing windows.
* Buffers and Windows::     Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
* Displaying Buffers::      Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
                              and choosing a window for it.
* Choosing Window::	    How to choose a window for displaying a buffer.
* Window Point::            Each window has its own location of point.
* Window Start::            The display-start position controls which text
                              is on-screen in the window.

* Vertical Scrolling::      Moving the contents up and down on the window.
* Horizontal Scrolling::    Moving the contents sideways on the window.
* Size of Window::          Accessing the size of a window.
* Resizing Windows::        Changing the size of a window.
* Coordinates and Windows:: Converting coordinates to windows.
* Window Configurations::   Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
* Window Hooks::            Hooks for scrolling, window size changes,
                              redisplay going past a certain point,
                              or window configuration changes.

Frames

* Creating Frames::	    Creating additional frames.
* Multiple Displays::       Creating frames on other X displays.
* Frame Parameters::	    Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
* Frame Titles::            Automatic updating of frame titles.
* Deleting Frames::	    Frames last until explicitly deleted.
* Finding All Frames::	    How to examine all existing frames.
* Frames and Windows::	    A frame contains windows;
			      display of text always works through windows.
* Minibuffers and Frames::  How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
* Input Focus::		    Specifying the selected frame.
* Visibility of Frames::    Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
* Raising and Lowering::    Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows;
			      lowering it puts it underneath the others.
* Frame Configurations::    Saving the state of all frames.
* Mouse Tracking::	    Getting events that say when the mouse moves.
* Mouse Position::	    Asking where the mouse is, or moving it.
* Pop-Up Menus::	    Displaying a menu for the user to select from.
* Dialog Boxes::            Displaying a box to ask yes or no.
* Pointer Shape::           Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer.
* Window System Selections::Transferring text to and from other windows.
* Color Names::	            Getting the definitions of color names.
* Text Terminal Colors::    Defining colors for text-only terminals.
* Resources::		    Getting resource values from the server.
* Display Feature Testing:: Determining the features of a terminal.

Positions

* Point::                   The special position where editing takes place.
* Motion::                  Changing point.

* Text Representations::    Unibyte and multibyte representations
* Converting Representations::  Converting unibyte to multibyte and vice versa.
* Selecting a Representation::  Treating a byte sequence as unibyte or multi.
* Character Codes::         How unibyte and multibyte relate to
                                codes of individual characters.
* Character Sets::          The space of possible characters codes
                                is divided into various character sets.
* Chars and Bytes::         More information about multibyte encodings.
* Splitting Characters::    Converting a character to its byte sequence.
* Scanning Charsets::       Which character sets are used in a buffer?
* Translation of Characters::   Translation tables are used for conversion.
* Coding Systems::          Coding systems are conversions for saving files.
* Input Methods::           Input methods allow users to enter various
                                non-ASCII characters without special keyboards.
* Locales::                 Interacting with the POSIX locale.

Searching and Matching

* String Search::           Search for an exact match.
* Searching and Case::      Case-independent or case-significant searching.
* Regular Expressions::     Describing classes of strings.

Regular Expressions

* Syntax of Regexps::       Rules for writing regular expressions.
* Regexp Example::          Illustrates regular expression syntax.
* Regexp Functions::        Functions for operating on regular expressions.

Syntax Tables

* Syntax Basics::           Basic concepts of syntax tables.
* Syntax Descriptors::      How characters are classified.

Syntax Descriptors

* Syntax Class Table::      Table of syntax classes.
* Syntax Flags::            Additional flags each character can have.

Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion

* Abbrev Mode::             Setting up Emacs for abbreviation.
* Abbrev Tables::           Creating and working with abbrev tables.

* Process Buffers::         If no filter, output is put in a buffer.
* Filter Functions::        Filter functions accept output from the process.
* Decoding Output::         Filters can get unibyte or multibyte strings.
* Accepting Output::        How to wait until process output arrives.

Emacs Display

* Refresh Screen::          Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
* Forcing Redisplay::       Forcing redisplay.

* Usual Display::	    The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars.
* Display Tables::	    How to specify other conventions.
* Beeping::                 Audible signal to the user.
* Window Systems::          Which window system is being used.

Operating System Interface

* Starting Up::             Customizing Emacs start-up processing.
* Getting Out::             How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
* System Environment::      Distinguish the name and kind of system.

* Processor Run Time::      Getting the run time used by Emacs.
* Time Calculations::       Adding, subtracting, comparing times, etc.
* Timers::		    Setting a timer to call a function at a certain time.
* Idle Timers::             Setting a timer to call a function when Emacs has
                              been idle for a certain length of time.
* Terminal Input::          Accessing and recordingo terminal input.
* Terminal Output::         Controlling and recording terminal output.
* Sound Output::            Playing sounds on the computer's speaker.
* X11 Keysyms::             Operating on key symbols for X Windows
* Batch Mode::              Running Emacs without terminal interaction.
* Session Management::      Saving and restoring state with X Session Management.

Starting Up Emacs

* Startup Summary::         Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up.
* Init File::               Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}).
* Terminal-Specific::       How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
* Command-Line Arguments::  How command line arguments are processed,
                              and how you can customize them.

Getting out of Emacs

* Killing Emacs::           Exiting Emacs irreversibly.
* Suspending Emacs::        Exiting Emacs reversibly.

Tips and Conventions

* Coding Conventions::      Conventions for clean and robust programs.
* Key Binding Conventions::   Which keys should be bound by which programs.
* Programming Tips::          Making Emacs code fit smoothly in Emacs.
* Compilation Tips::          Making compiled code run fast.
* Warning Tips::              Turning off compiler warnings.
* Documentation Tips::      Writing readable documentation strings.
* Comment Tips::	    Conventions for writing comments.
* Library Headers::         Standard headers for library packages.

GNU Emacs Internals

* Building Emacs::          How to preload Lisp libraries into Emacs.
* Pure Storage::            A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable.
* Garbage Collection::      Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used.
* Memory Usage::            Info about total size of Lisp objects made so far.
* Writing Emacs Primitives::  Writing C code for Emacs.
* Object Internals::        Data formats of buffers, windows, processes.

Object Internals

* Buffer Internals::        Components of a buffer structure.
* Window Internals::        Components of a window structure.
* Process Internals::       Components of a process structure.
@end menu

@include intro.texi
@include objects.texi
@include numbers.texi

90751:52a7f3f50b89

@ignore
* New Symbols::             New functions and variables in Emacs @value{EMACSVER}.
@end ignore

@c Do NOT modify the following 3 lines!  They must have this form to
@c be correctly identified by `texinfo-multiple-files-update'.  In
@c particular, the detailed menu header line MUST be identical to the
@c value of `texinfo-master-menu-header'.  See texnfo-upd.el.

@detailmenu
 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
 ---------------------------------

Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed,
mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:

Introduction

* Buffer Text Notation::    The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
* Format of Descriptions::  Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.

Format of Descriptions

* A Sample Function Description::  A description of an imaginary
                                     function, @code{foo}.
* A Sample Variable Description::  A description of an imaginary
                                     variable, @code{electric-future-map}.

Lisp Data Types

* Printed Representation::  How Lisp objects are represented as text.
* Comments::                Comments and their formatting conventions.

* Primitive Function Type::     A function written in C, callable from Lisp.
* Byte-Code Type::      A function written in Lisp, then compiled.
* Autoload Type::       A type used for automatically loading seldom-used
                          functions.

Character Type

* Basic Char Syntax::       Syntax for regular characters.
* General Escape Syntax::   How to specify characters by their codes.
* Ctl-Char Syntax::         Syntax for control characters.
* Meta-Char Syntax::        Syntax for meta-characters.
* Other Char Bits::         Syntax for hyper-, super-, and alt-characters.

Cons Cell and List Types

* Box Diagrams::            Drawing pictures of lists.
* Dotted Pair Notation::    An alternative syntax for lists.
* Association List Type::   A specially constructed list.

String Type

* Syntax for Strings::      How to specify Lisp strings.
* Non-ASCII in Strings::    International characters in strings.
* Nonprinting Characters::  Literal unprintable characters in strings.
* Text Props and Strings::  Strings with text properties.

Editing Types

* Buffer Type::             The basic object of editing.
* Marker Type::             A position in a buffer.
* Window Type::             What makes buffers visible.
* Frame Type::		    Windows subdivide frames.
* Window Configuration Type::  Recording the way a frame is subdivided.
* Frame Configuration Type::   Recording the status of all frames.
* Process Type::            A process running on the underlying OS.
* Stream Type::             Receive or send characters.
* Keymap Type::             What function a keystroke invokes.
* Overlay Type::            How an overlay is represented.

Numbers

* Integer Basics::          Representation and range of integers.
* Float Basics::	    Representation and range of floating point.
* Predicates on Numbers::   Testing for numbers.
* Comparison of Numbers::   Equality and inequality predicates.
* Numeric Conversions::	    Converting float to integer and vice versa.
* Arithmetic Operations::   How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
* Rounding Operations::     Explicitly rounding floating point numbers.
* Bitwise Operations::      Logical and, or, not, shifting.
* Math Functions::          Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
* Random Numbers::          Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.

Strings and Characters

* String Basics::           Basic properties of strings and characters.
* Predicates for Strings::  Testing whether an object is a string or char.
* Creating Strings::        Functions to allocate new strings.
* Modifying Strings::         Altering the contents of an existing string.
* Text Comparison::         Comparing characters or strings.
* String Conversion::       Converting characters to strings and vice versa.
* Formatting Strings::      @code{format}: Emacs's analogue of @code{printf}.
* Case Conversion::         Case conversion functions.
* Case Tables::		    Customizing case conversion.

Lists

* Cons Cells::              How lists are made out of cons cells.
* List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list?  Comparing two lists.
* List Elements::           Extracting the pieces of a list.
* Building Lists::          Creating list structure.
* List Variables::          Modifying lists stored in variables.
* Modifying Lists::         Storing new pieces into an existing list.
* Sets And Lists::          A list can represent a finite mathematical set.
* Association Lists::       A list can represent a finite relation or mapping.
* Rings::                   Managing a fixed-size ring of objects.

Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors

* Sequence Functions::      Functions that accept any kind of sequence.
* Arrays::                  Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp.
* Array Functions::         Functions specifically for arrays.
* Vectors::                 Special characteristics of Emacs Lisp vectors.
* Vector Functions::        Functions specifically for vectors.
* Char-Tables::             How to work with char-tables.
* Bool-Vectors::            How to work with bool-vectors.

Hash Tables

                              and property lists.
* Definitions::             A definition says how a symbol will be used.
* Creating Symbols::        How symbols are kept unique.
* Property Lists::          Each symbol has a property list
                              for recording miscellaneous information.

Property Lists

* Plists and Alists::       Comparison of the advantages of property
                              lists and association lists.
* Symbol Plists::           Functions to access symbols' property lists.
* Other Plists::            Accessing property lists stored elsewhere.

Evaluation

* Intro Eval::              Evaluation in the scheme of things.
* Forms::                   How various sorts of objects are evaluated.

* Backquote::               Easier construction of list structure.
* Problems with Macros::    Don't evaluate the macro arguments too many times.
                              Don't hide the user's variables.
* Indenting Macros::        Specifying how to indent macro calls.

Common Problems Using Macros

* Wrong Time::             Do the work in the expansion, not in the macro.
* Argument Evaluation::    The expansion should evaluate each macro arg once.
* Surprising Local Vars::  Local variable bindings in the expansion
                              require special care.
* Eval During Expansion::  Don't evaluate them; put them in the expansion.
* Repeated Expansion::     Avoid depending on how many times expansion is done.

Writing Customization Definitions

* Common Keywords::         Common keyword arguments for all kinds of
                              customization declarations.
* Group Definitions::       Writing customization group definitions.
* Variable Definitions::    Declaring user options.
* Customization Types::     Specifying the type of a user option.

Customization Types

* Simple Types::            Simple customization types: sexp, integer, number,
                              string, file, directory, alist.
* Composite Types::         Build new types from other types or data.
* Splicing into Lists::     Splice elements into list with @code{:inline}.
* Type Keywords::           Keyword-argument pairs in a customization type.
* Defining New Types::      Give your type a name.

Loading

* How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others.
* Load Suffixes::           Details about the suffixes that @code{load} tries.

* Using Interactive::       General rules for @code{interactive}.
* Interactive Codes::       The standard letter-codes for reading arguments
                              in various ways.
* Interactive Examples::    Examples of how to read interactive arguments.

Input Events

* Keyboard Events::         Ordinary characters--keys with symbols on them.
* Function Keys::           Function keys--keys with names, not symbols.
* Mouse Events::            Overview of mouse events.
* Click Events::            Pushing and releasing a mouse button.
* Drag Events::             Moving the mouse before releasing the button.
* Button-Down Events::      A button was pushed and not yet released.
* Repeat Events::           Double and triple click (or drag, or down).
* Motion Events::           Just moving the mouse, not pushing a button.
* Focus Events::            Moving the mouse between frames.
* Misc Events::             Other events the system can generate.
* Event Examples::          Examples of the lists for mouse events.
* Classifying Events::      Finding the modifier keys in an event symbol.
* Accessing Events::        Functions to extract info from events.
* Strings of Events::       Special considerations for putting
                              keyboard character events in a string.

Reading Input

* Key Sequence Input::      How to read one key sequence.
* Reading One Event::       How to read just one event.
* Event Mod::               How Emacs modifies events as they are read.
* Invoking the Input Method::   How reading an event uses the input method.
* Quoted Character Input::  Asking the user to specify a character.
* Event Input Misc::        How to reread or throw away input events.

Keymaps

* Key Sequences::           Key sequences as Lisp objects.
* Keymap Basics::           Basic concepts of keymaps.
* Format of Keymaps::       What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
* Creating Keymaps::        Functions to create and copy keymaps.
* Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings
                              of another keymap.
* Prefix Keys::             Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
* Active Keymaps::          How Emacs searches the active keymaps
                              for a key binding.
* Searching Keymaps::       A pseudo-Lisp summary of searching active maps.
* Controlling Active Maps:: Each buffer has a local keymap
                               to override the standard (global) bindings.
                               A minor mode can also override them.
* Key Lookup::              How extracting elements from keymaps works.
* Functions for Key Lookup::    How to request key lookup.
* Changing Key Bindings::   Redefining a key in a keymap.
* Remapping Commands::      A keymap can translate one command to another.
* Translation Keymaps::     Keymaps for translating sequences of events.
* Key Binding Commands::    Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
* Scanning Keymaps::        Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
* Menu Keymaps::            A keymap can define a menu for X
                              or for use from the terminal.
* Standard Keymaps::        List of standard keymaps.

Major and Minor Modes

* Hooks::                   How to use hooks; how to write code that
                              provides hooks.

                              of definitions in the buffer.
* Font Lock Mode::          How modes can highlight text according to syntax.
* Desktop Save Mode::       How modes can have buffer state saved between
                              Emacs sessions.

Menu Keymaps

* Defining Menus::          How to make a keymap that defines a menu.
* Mouse Menus::             How users actuate the menu with the mouse.
* Keyboard Menus::          How users actuate the menu with the keyboard.
* Menu Example::            Making a simple menu.
* Menu Bar::                How to customize the menu bar.
* Tool Bar::                A tool bar is a row of images.
* Modifying Menus::         How to add new items to a menu.

Defining Menus

* Simple Menu Items::       A simple kind of menu key binding,
                              limited in capabilities.
* Extended Menu Items::     More powerful menu item definitions
                              let you specify keywords to enable
                              various features.
* Menu Separators::         Drawing a horizontal line through a menu.
* Alias Menu Items::        Using command aliases in menu items.

Major and Minor Modes

* Hooks::              How to use hooks; how to write code that provides hooks.
* Major Modes::        Defining major modes.
* Minor Modes::        Defining minor modes.
* Mode Line Format::   Customizing the text that appears in the mode line.
* Imenu::              How a mode can provide a menu
                         of definitions in the buffer.
* Font Lock Mode::     How modes can highlight text according to syntax.
* Desktop Save Mode::  How modes can have buffer state saved between
                         Emacs sessions.

Major Modes

* Major Mode Basics::
* Major Mode Conventions::  Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.
* Example Major Modes::     Text mode and Lisp modes.

* Mode Line Variables::     Variables used in that data structure.
* %-Constructs::            Putting information into a mode line.
* Properties in Mode::      Using text properties in the mode line.
* Header Lines::            Like a mode line, but at the top.
* Emulating Mode Line::     Formatting text as the mode line would.

Font Lock Mode

* Font Lock Basics::        Overview of customizing Font Lock.
* Search-based Fontification::  Fontification based on regexps.
* Customizing Keywords::    Customizing search-based fontification.
* Other Font Lock Variables::   Additional customization facilities.
* Levels of Font Lock::     Each mode can define alternative levels
                              so that the user can select more or less.
* Precalculated Fontification:: How Lisp programs that produce the buffer
                                  contents can also specify how to fontify it.
* Faces for Font Lock::     Special faces specifically for Font Lock.
* Syntactic Font Lock::     Fontification based on syntax tables.
* Setting Syntax Properties::   Defining character syntax based on context
                                  using the Font Lock mechanism.
* Multiline Font Lock::     How to coerce Font Lock into properly
                              highlighting multiline constructs.

Multiline Font Lock Constructs

* Font Lock Multiline::     Marking multiline chunks with a text property
* Region to Fontify::       Controlling which region gets refontified
                              after a buffer change.

Documentation

* Documentation Basics::    Good style for doc strings.
                              Where to put them.  How Emacs stores them.

* Testing Accessibility::   Is a given file readable?  Writable?
* Kinds of Files::          Is it a directory?  A symbolic link?
* Truenames::		    Eliminating symbolic links from a file name.
* File Attributes::         How large is it?  Any other names?  Etc.
* Locating Files::          How to find a file in standard places.

File Names

* File Name Components::    The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
* Relative File Names::     Some file names are relative to a

* Buffer Names::            Accessing and changing buffer names.
* Buffer File Name::        The buffer file name indicates which file
                              is visited.
* Buffer Modification::     A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved.
* Modification Time::       Determining whether the visited file was changed
                              ``behind Emacs's back''.
* Read Only Buffers::       Modifying text is not allowed in a
                              read-only buffer.
* The Buffer List::         How to look at all the existing buffers.
* Creating Buffers::        Functions that create buffers.
* Killing Buffers::         Buffers exist until explicitly killed.

* Splitting Windows::       Splitting one window into two windows.
* Deleting Windows::        Deleting a window gives its space to other windows.
* Selecting Windows::       The selected window is the one that you edit in.
* Cyclic Window Ordering::  Moving around the existing windows.
* Buffers and Windows::     Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
* Displaying Buffers::      Higher-level functions for displaying a buffer
                              and choosing a window for it.
* Choosing Window::	    How to choose a window for displaying a buffer.
* Window Point::            Each window has its own location of point.
* Window Start::            The display-start position controls which text
                              is on-screen in the window.

* Vertical Scrolling::      Moving the contents up and down on the window.
* Horizontal Scrolling::    Moving the contents sideways on the window.
* Size of Window::          Accessing the size of a window.
* Resizing Windows::        Changing the size of a window.
* Coordinates and Windows:: Converting coordinates to windows.
* Window Tree::             The layout and sizes of all windows in a frame.
* Window Configurations::   Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
* Window Hooks::            Hooks for scrolling, window size changes,
                              redisplay going past a certain point,
                              or window configuration changes.

Frames

* Creating Frames::	    Creating additional frames.
* Multiple Displays::       Creating frames on other displays.
* Frame Parameters::	    Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
* Frame Titles::            Automatic updating of frame titles.
* Deleting Frames::	    Frames last until explicitly deleted.
* Finding All Frames::	    How to examine all existing frames.
* Frames and Windows::	    A frame contains windows;
			      display of text always works through windows.
* Minibuffers and Frames::  How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
* Input Focus::		    Specifying the selected frame.
* Visibility of Frames::    Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
* Raising and Lowering::    Raising a frame makes it hide other windows;
			      lowering it puts it underneath the others.
* Frame Configurations::    Saving the state of all frames.
* Mouse Tracking::	    Getting events that say when the mouse moves.
* Mouse Position::	    Asking where the mouse is, or moving it.
* Pop-Up Menus::	    Displaying a menu for the user to select from.
* Dialog Boxes::            Displaying a box to ask yes or no.
* Pointer Shape::           Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer.
* Window System Selections::Transferring text to and from other windows.
* Drag and Drop::               Internals of Drag-and-Drop implementation.
* Color Names::	            Getting the definitions of color names.
* Text Terminal Colors::    Defining colors for text-only terminals.
* Resources::		    Getting resource values from the server.
* Display Feature Testing:: Determining the features of a terminal.

Frame Parameters

* Parameter Access::        How to change a frame's parameters.
* Initial Parameters::	    Specifying frame parameters when you make a frame.
* Window Frame Parameters:: List of frame parameters for window systems.
* Size and Position::       Changing the size and position of a frame.
* Geometry::                Parsing geometry specifications.

Window Frame Parameters

* Basic Parameters::        Parameters that are fundamental.
* Position Parameters::     The position of the frame on the screen.
* Size Parameters::         Frame's size.
* Layout Parameters::       Size of parts of the frame, and
                              enabling or disabling some parts.
* Buffer Parameters::       Which buffers have been or should be shown.
* Management Parameters::   Communicating with the window manager.
* Cursor Parameters::       Controlling the cursor appearance.
* Color Parameters::        Colors of various parts of the frame.

Positions

* Point::                   The special position where editing takes place.
* Motion::                  Changing point.

* Text Representations::    Unibyte and multibyte representations
* Converting Representations::  Converting unibyte to multibyte and vice versa.
* Selecting a Representation::  Treating a byte sequence as unibyte or multi.
* Character Codes::         How unibyte and multibyte relate to
                                codes of individual characters.
* Character Sets::          The space of possible character codes
                                is divided into various character sets.
* Chars and Bytes::         More information about multibyte encodings.
* Splitting Characters::    Converting a character to its byte sequence.
* Scanning Charsets::       Which character sets are used in a buffer?
* Translation of Characters::   Translation tables are used for conversion.
* Coding Systems::          Coding systems are conversions for saving files.
* Input Methods::           Input methods allow users to enter various
                                non-ASCII characters without special keyboards.
* Locales::                 Interacting with the POSIX locale.

Coding Systems

* Coding System Basics::    Basic concepts.
* Encoding and I/O::        How file I/O functions handle coding systems.
* Lisp and Coding Systems:: Functions to operate on coding system names.
* User-Chosen Coding Systems::  Asking the user to choose a coding system.
* Default Coding Systems::  Controlling the default choices.
* Specifying Coding Systems::   Requesting a particular coding system
                                    for a single file operation.
* Explicit Encoding::       Encoding or decoding text without doing I/O.
* Terminal I/O Encoding::   Use of encoding for terminal I/O.
* MS-DOS File Types::       How DOS "text" and "binary" files
                                relate to coding systems.

Searching and Matching

* String Search::           Search for an exact match.
* Searching and Case::      Case-independent or case-significant searching.
* Regular Expressions::     Describing classes of strings.

Regular Expressions

* Syntax of Regexps::       Rules for writing regular expressions.
* Regexp Example::          Illustrates regular expression syntax.
* Regexp Functions::        Functions for operating on regular expressions.

Syntax of Regular Expressions

* Regexp Special::          Special characters in regular expressions.
* Char Classes::            Character classes used in regular expressions.
* Regexp Backslash::        Backslash-sequences in regular expressions.

The Match Data

* Replacing Match::	    Replacing a substring that was matched.
* Simple Match Data::       Accessing single items of match data,
			      such as where a particular subexpression started.
* Entire Match Data::       Accessing the entire match data at once, as a list.
* Saving Match Data::       Saving and restoring the match data.

Syntax Tables

* Syntax Basics::           Basic concepts of syntax tables.
* Syntax Descriptors::      How characters are classified.

Syntax Descriptors

* Syntax Class Table::      Table of syntax classes.
* Syntax Flags::            Additional flags each character can have.

Parsing Expressions

* Motion via Parsing::      Motion functions that work by parsing.
* Position Parse::          Determining the syntactic state of a position.
* Parser State::            How Emacs represents a syntactic state.
* Low-Level Parsing::       Parsing across a specified region.
* Control Parsing::         Parameters that affect parsing.

Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion

* Abbrev Mode::             Setting up Emacs for abbreviation.
* Abbrev Tables::           Creating and working with abbrev tables.

* Process Buffers::         If no filter, output is put in a buffer.
* Filter Functions::        Filter functions accept output from the process.
* Decoding Output::         Filters can get unibyte or multibyte strings.
* Accepting Output::        How to wait until process output arrives.

Low-Level Network Access

* Proc: Network Processes.  Using @code{make-network-process}.
* Options: Network Options.  Further control over network connections.
* Features: Network Feature Testing.
                            Determining which network features work on
                              the machine you are using.

Packing and Unpacking Byte Arrays

* Bindat Spec::             Describing data layout.
* Bindat Functions::        Doing the unpacking and packing.
* Bindat Examples::         Samples of what bindat.el can do for you!

Emacs Display

* Refresh Screen::          Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
* Forcing Redisplay::       Forcing redisplay.

* Usual Display::	    The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars.
* Display Tables::	    How to specify other conventions.
* Beeping::                 Audible signal to the user.
* Window Systems::          Which window system is being used.

The Echo Area

* Displaying Messages::     Explicitly displaying text in the echo area.
* Progress::                Informing user about progress of a long operation.
* Logging Messages::        Echo area messages are logged for the user.
* Echo Area Customization:: Controlling the echo area.

Reporting Warnings

* Warning Basics::          Warnings concepts and functions to report them.
* Warning Variables::       Variables programs bind to customize their warnings.
* Warning Options::         Variables users set to control display of warnings.

Overlays

* Managing Overlays::       Creating and moving overlays.
* Overlay Properties::      How to read and set properties.
			    What properties do to the screen display.
* Finding Overlays::        Searching for overlays.

Faces

* Defining Faces::          How to define a face with @code{defface}.
* Face Attributes::         What is in a face?
* Attribute Functions::     Functions to examine and set face attributes.
* Displaying Faces::        How Emacs combines the faces specified for
                              a character.
* Font Selection::          Finding the best available font for a face.
* Face Functions::          How to define and examine faces.
* Auto Faces::              Hook for automatic face assignment.
* Font Lookup::             Looking up the names of available fonts
                              and information about them.
* Fontsets::                A fontset is a collection of fonts
                              that handle a range of character sets.

Fringes

* Fringe Size/Pos::         Specifying where to put the window fringes.
* Fringe Indicators::       Displaying indicator icons in the window fringes.
* Fringe Cursors::          Displaying cursors in the right fringe.
* Fringe Bitmaps::          Specifying bitmaps for fringe indicators.
* Customizing Bitmaps::     Specifying your own bitmaps to use in the fringes.
* Overlay Arrow::           Display of an arrow to indicate position.

The @code{display} Property

* Specified Space::         Displaying one space with a specified width.
* Pixel Specification::     Specifying space width or height in pixels.
* Other Display Specs::     Displaying an image; magnifying text; moving it
                              up or down on the page; adjusting the width
                              of spaces within text.
* Display Margins::         Displaying text or images to the side of
                              the main text.

Images

* Image Descriptors::       How to specify an image for use in @code{:display}.
* XBM Images::              Special features for XBM format.
* XPM Images::              Special features for XPM format.
* GIF Images::              Special features for GIF format.
* Postscript Images::       Special features for Postscript format.
* Other Image Types::       Various other formats are supported.
* Defining Images::         Convenient ways to define an image for later use.
* Showing Images::          Convenient ways to display an image once
                              it is defined.
* Image Cache::             Internal mechanisms of image display.

Buttons

* Button Properties::       Button properties with special meanings.
* Button Types::            Defining common properties for classes of buttons.
* Making Buttons::          Adding buttons to Emacs buffers.
* Manipulating Buttons::    Getting and setting properties of buttons.
* Button Buffer Commands::  Buffer-wide commands and bindings for buttons.

Abstract Display

* Abstract Display Functions::  Functions in the Ewoc package.
* Abstract Display Example::    Example of using Ewoc.

Display Tables

* Display Table Format::    What a display table consists of.
* Active Display Table::    How Emacs selects a display table to use.
* Glyphs::                  How to define a glyph, and what glyphs mean.

Operating System Interface

* Starting Up::             Customizing Emacs start-up processing.
* Getting Out::             How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
* System Environment::      Distinguish the name and kind of system.

* Processor Run Time::      Getting the run time used by Emacs.
* Time Calculations::       Adding, subtracting, comparing times, etc.
* Timers::		    Setting a timer to call a function at a certain time.
* Idle Timers::             Setting a timer to call a function when Emacs has
                              been idle for a certain length of time.
* Terminal Input::          Accessing and recording terminal input.
* Terminal Output::         Controlling and recording terminal output.
* Sound Output::            Playing sounds on the computer's speaker.
* X11 Keysyms::             Operating on key symbols for X Windows
* Batch Mode::              Running Emacs without terminal interaction.
* Session Management::      Saving and restoring state with X Session Management.

Starting Up Emacs

* Startup Summary::         Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up.
* Init File::               Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}).
* Terminal-Specific::       How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
* Command-Line Arguments::  How command-line arguments are processed,
                              and how you can customize them.

Getting Out of Emacs

* Killing Emacs::           Exiting Emacs irreversibly.
* Suspending Emacs::        Exiting Emacs reversibly.

Terminal Input

* Input Modes::		    Options for how input is processed.
* Recording Input::	    Saving histories of recent or all input events.

Tips and Conventions

* Coding Conventions::      Conventions for clean and robust programs.
* Key Binding Conventions:: Which keys should be bound by which programs.
* Programming Tips::        Making Emacs code fit smoothly in Emacs.
* Compilation Tips::        Making compiled code run fast.
* Warning Tips::            Turning off compiler warnings.
* Documentation Tips::      Writing readable documentation strings.
* Comment Tips::	    Conventions for writing comments.
* Library Headers::         Standard headers for library packages.

GNU Emacs Internals

* Building Emacs::          How the dumped Emacs is made.
* Pure Storage::            A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable.
* Garbage Collection::      Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used.
* Memory Usage::            Info about total size of Lisp objects made so far.
* Writing Emacs Primitives::  Writing C code for Emacs.
* Object Internals::        Data formats of buffers, windows, processes.

Object Internals

* Buffer Internals::        Components of a buffer structure.
* Window Internals::        Components of a window structure.
* Process Internals::       Components of a process structure.
@end detailmenu
@end menu

@include intro.texi
@include objects.texi
@include numbers.texi