Mercurial > emacs
comparison etc/NEWS.1 @ 30786:550344dcef43
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author | Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org> |
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date | Mon, 14 Aug 2000 16:30:59 +0000 |
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children | 6c3081f54e62 |
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1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 5 Jan 2000 | |
2 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
3 See the end for copying conditions. | |
4 | |
5 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org. | |
6 For older news, see the file ONEWS. | |
7 | |
8 ^L | |
9 * Emacs 20.7 is a bug-fix release with few user-visible changes | |
10 | |
11 ** It is now possible to use CCL-based coding systems for keyboard | |
12 input. | |
13 | |
14 ** ange-ftp now handles FTP security extensions, like Kerberos. | |
15 | |
16 ** Rmail has been extended to recognize more forms of digest messages. | |
17 | |
18 ** Now, most coding systems set in keyboard coding system work not | |
19 only for character input, but also in incremental search. The | |
20 exceptions are such coding systems that handle 2-byte character sets | |
21 (e.g euc-kr, euc-jp) and that use ISO's escape sequence | |
22 (e.g. iso-2022-jp). They are ignored in incremental search. | |
23 | |
24 ** Support for Macintosh PowerPC-based machines running GNU/Linux has | |
25 been added. | |
26 | |
27 ^L | |
28 * Emacs 20.6 is a bug-fix release with one user-visible change | |
29 | |
30 ** Support for ARM-based non-RISCiX machines has been added. | |
31 | |
32 ^L | |
33 * Emacs 20.5 is a bug-fix release with no user-visible changes. | |
34 | |
35 ** Not new, but not mentioned before: | |
36 M-w when Transient Mark mode is enabled disables the mark. | |
37 | |
38 * Changes in Emacs 20.4 | |
39 | |
40 ** Init file may be called .emacs.el. | |
41 | |
42 You can now call the Emacs init file `.emacs.el'. | |
43 Formerly the name had to be `.emacs'. If you use the name | |
44 `.emacs.el', you can byte-compile the file in the usual way. | |
45 | |
46 If both `.emacs' and `.emacs.el' exist, the latter file | |
47 is the one that is used. | |
48 | |
49 ** shell-command, and shell-command-on-region, now return | |
50 the exit code of the command (unless it is asynchronous). | |
51 Also, you can specify a place to put the error output, | |
52 separate from the command's regular output. | |
53 Interactively, the variable shell-command-default-error-buffer | |
54 says where to put error output; set it to a buffer name. | |
55 In calls from Lisp, an optional argument ERROR-BUFFER specifies | |
56 the buffer name. | |
57 | |
58 When you specify a non-nil error buffer (or buffer name), any error | |
59 output is inserted before point in that buffer, with \f\n to separate | |
60 it from the previous batch of error output. The error buffer is not | |
61 cleared, so error output from successive commands accumulates there. | |
62 | |
63 ** Setting the default value of enable-multibyte-characters to nil in | |
64 the .emacs file, either explicitly using setq-default, or via Custom, | |
65 is now essentially equivalent to using --unibyte: all buffers | |
66 created during startup will be made unibyte after loading .emacs. | |
67 | |
68 ** C-x C-f now handles the wildcards * and ? in file names. For | |
69 example, typing C-x C-f c*.c RET visits all the files whose names | |
70 match c*.c. To visit a file whose name contains * or ?, add the | |
71 quoting sequence /: to the beginning of the file name. | |
72 | |
73 ** The M-x commands keep-lines, flush-lines and count-matches | |
74 now have the same feature as occur and query-replace: | |
75 if the pattern contains any upper case letters, then | |
76 they never ignore case. | |
77 | |
78 ** The end-of-line format conversion feature previously mentioned | |
79 under `* Emacs 20.1 changes for MS-DOS and MS-Windows' actually | |
80 applies to all operating systems. Emacs recognizes from the contents | |
81 of a file what convention it uses to separate lines--newline, CRLF, or | |
82 just CR--and automatically converts the contents to the normal Emacs | |
83 convention (using newline to separate lines) for editing. This is a | |
84 part of the general feature of coding system conversion. | |
85 | |
86 If you subsequently save the buffer, Emacs converts the text back to | |
87 the same format that was used in the file before. | |
88 | |
89 You can turn off end-of-line conversion by setting the variable | |
90 `inhibit-eol-conversion' to non-nil, e.g. with Custom in the MULE group. | |
91 | |
92 ** The character set property `prefered-coding-system' has been | |
93 renamed to `preferred-coding-system', for the sake of correct spelling. | |
94 This is a fairly internal feature, so few programs should be affected. | |
95 | |
96 ** Mode-line display of end-of-line format is changed. | |
97 The indication of the end-of-line format of the file visited by a | |
98 buffer is now more explicit when that format is not the usual one for | |
99 your operating system. For example, the DOS-style end-of-line format | |
100 is displayed as "(DOS)" on Unix and GNU/Linux systems. The usual | |
101 end-of-line format is still displayed as a single character (colon for | |
102 Unix, backslash for DOS and Windows, and forward slash for the Mac). | |
103 | |
104 The values of the variables eol-mnemonic-unix, eol-mnemonic-dos, | |
105 eol-mnemonic-mac, and eol-mnemonic-undecided, which are strings, | |
106 control what is displayed in the mode line for each end-of-line | |
107 format. You can now customize these variables. | |
108 | |
109 ** In the previous version of Emacs, tar-mode didn't work well if a | |
110 filename contained non-ASCII characters. Now this is fixed. Such a | |
111 filename is decoded by file-name-coding-system if the default value of | |
112 enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil. | |
113 | |
114 ** The command temp-buffer-resize-mode toggles a minor mode | |
115 in which temporary buffers (such as help buffers) are given | |
116 windows just big enough to hold the whole contents. | |
117 | |
118 ** If you use completion.el, you must now run the function | |
119 dynamic-completion-mode to enable it. Just loading the file | |
120 doesn't have any effect. | |
121 | |
122 ** In Flyspell mode, the default is now to make just one Ispell process, | |
123 not one per buffer. | |
124 | |
125 ** If you use iswitchb but do not call (iswitchb-default-keybindings) to | |
126 use the default keybindings, you will need to add the following line: | |
127 (add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'iswitchb-minibuffer-setup) | |
128 | |
129 ** Auto-show mode is no longer enabled just by loading auto-show.el. | |
130 To control it, set `auto-show-mode' via Custom or use the | |
131 `auto-show-mode' command. | |
132 | |
133 ** Handling of X fonts' ascent/descent parameters has been changed to | |
134 avoid redisplay problems. As a consequence, compared with previous | |
135 versions the line spacing and frame size now differ with some font | |
136 choices, typically increasing by a pixel per line. This change | |
137 occurred in version 20.3 but was not documented then. | |
138 | |
139 ** If you select the bar cursor style, it uses the frame's | |
140 cursor-color, rather than the cursor foreground pixel. | |
141 | |
142 ** In multibyte mode, Rmail decodes incoming MIME messages using the | |
143 character set specified in the message. If you want to disable this | |
144 feature, set the variable rmail-decode-mime-charset to nil. | |
145 | |
146 ** Not new, but not mentioned previously in NEWS: when you use #! at | |
147 the beginning of a file to make it executable and specify an | |
148 interpreter program, Emacs looks on the second line for the -*- mode | |
149 and variable specification, as well as on the first line. | |
150 | |
151 ** Support for IBM codepage encoding of non-ASCII characters. | |
152 | |
153 The new command M-x codepage-setup creates a special coding system | |
154 that can be used to convert text between a specific IBM codepage and | |
155 one of the character sets built into Emacs which matches that | |
156 codepage. For example, codepage 850 corresponds to Latin-1 character | |
157 set, codepage 855 corresponds to Cyrillic-ISO character set, etc. | |
158 | |
159 Windows codepages 1250, 1251 and some others, where Windows deviates | |
160 from the corresponding ISO character set, are also supported. | |
161 | |
162 IBM box-drawing characters and other glyphs which don't have | |
163 equivalents in the corresponding ISO character set, are converted to | |
164 a character defined by dos-unsupported-char-glyph on MS-DOS, and to | |
165 `?' on other systems. | |
166 | |
167 IBM codepages are widely used on MS-DOS and MS-Windows, so this | |
168 feature is most useful on those platforms, but it can also be used on | |
169 Unix. | |
170 | |
171 Emacs compiled for MS-DOS automatically loads the support for the | |
172 current codepage when it starts. | |
173 | |
174 ** Mail changes | |
175 | |
176 *** When mail is sent using compose-mail (C-x m), and if | |
177 `mail-send-nonascii' is set to the new default value `mime', | |
178 appropriate MIME headers are added. The headers are added only if | |
179 non-ASCII characters are present in the body of the mail, and no other | |
180 MIME headers are already present. For example, the following three | |
181 headers are added if the coding system used in the *mail* buffer is | |
182 latin-1: | |
183 | |
184 MIME-version: 1.0 | |
185 Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 | |
186 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit | |
187 | |
188 *** The new variable default-sendmail-coding-system specifies the | |
189 default way to encode outgoing mail. This has higher priority than | |
190 default-buffer-file-coding-system but has lower priority than | |
191 sendmail-coding-system and the local value of | |
192 buffer-file-coding-system. | |
193 | |
194 You should not set this variable manually. Instead, set | |
195 sendmail-coding-system to specify a fixed encoding for all outgoing | |
196 mail. | |
197 | |
198 *** When you try to send a message that contains non-ASCII characters, | |
199 if the coding system specified by those variables doesn't handle them, | |
200 Emacs will ask you to select a suitable coding system while showing a | |
201 list of possible coding systems. | |
202 | |
203 ** CC Mode changes | |
204 | |
205 *** c-default-style can now take an association list that maps major | |
206 modes to style names. When this variable is an alist, Java mode no | |
207 longer hardcodes a setting to "java" style. See the variable's | |
208 docstring for details. | |
209 | |
210 *** It's now possible to put a list as the offset on a syntactic | |
211 symbol. The list is evaluated recursively until a non-nil offset is | |
212 found. This is useful to combine several lineup functions to act in a | |
213 prioritized order on a single line. However, none of the supplied | |
214 lineup functions use this feature currently. | |
215 | |
216 *** New syntactic symbol catch-clause, which is used on the "catch" and | |
217 "finally" lines in try-catch constructs in C++ and Java. | |
218 | |
219 *** New cleanup brace-catch-brace on c-cleanup-list, which does for | |
220 "catch" lines what brace-elseif-brace does for "else if" lines. | |
221 | |
222 *** The braces of Java anonymous inner classes are treated separately | |
223 from the braces of other classes in auto-newline mode. Two new | |
224 symbols inexpr-class-open and inexpr-class-close may be used on | |
225 c-hanging-braces-alist to control the automatic newlines used for | |
226 anonymous classes. | |
227 | |
228 *** Support for the Pike language added, along with new Pike specific | |
229 syntactic symbols: inlambda, lambda-intro-cont | |
230 | |
231 *** Support for Java anonymous classes via new syntactic symbol | |
232 inexpr-class. New syntactic symbol inexpr-statement for Pike | |
233 support and gcc-style statements inside expressions. New lineup | |
234 function c-lineup-inexpr-block. | |
235 | |
236 *** New syntactic symbol brace-entry-open which is used in brace lists | |
237 (i.e. static initializers) when a list entry starts with an open | |
238 brace. These used to be recognized as brace-list-entry's. | |
239 c-electric-brace also recognizes brace-entry-open braces | |
240 (brace-list-entry's can no longer be electrified). | |
241 | |
242 *** New command c-indent-line-or-region, not bound by default. | |
243 | |
244 *** `#' is only electric when typed in the indentation of a line. | |
245 | |
246 *** Parentheses are now electric (via the new command c-electric-paren) | |
247 for auto-reindenting lines when parens are typed. | |
248 | |
249 *** In "gnu" style, inline-open offset is now set to zero. | |
250 | |
251 *** Uniform handling of the inclass syntactic symbol. The indentation | |
252 associated with it is now always relative to the class opening brace. | |
253 This means that the indentation behavior has changed in some | |
254 circumstances, but only if you've put anything besides 0 on the | |
255 class-open syntactic symbol (none of the default styles do that). | |
256 | |
257 ** Gnus changes. | |
258 | |
259 *** New functionality for using Gnus as an offline newsreader has been | |
260 added. A plethora of new commands and modes have been added. See the | |
261 Gnus manual for the full story. | |
262 | |
263 *** The nndraft backend has returned, but works differently than | |
264 before. All Message buffers are now also articles in the nndraft | |
265 group, which is created automatically. | |
266 | |
267 *** `gnus-alter-header-function' can now be used to alter header | |
268 values. | |
269 | |
270 *** `gnus-summary-goto-article' now accept Message-ID's. | |
271 | |
272 *** A new Message command for deleting text in the body of a message | |
273 outside the region: `C-c C-v'. | |
274 | |
275 *** You can now post to component group in nnvirtual groups with | |
276 `C-u C-c C-c'. | |
277 | |
278 *** `nntp-rlogin-program' -- new variable to ease customization. | |
279 | |
280 *** `C-u C-c C-c' in `gnus-article-edit-mode' will now inhibit | |
281 re-highlighting of the article buffer. | |
282 | |
283 *** New element in `gnus-boring-article-headers' -- `long-to'. | |
284 | |
285 *** `M-i' symbolic prefix command. See the section "Symbolic | |
286 Prefixes" in the Gnus manual for details. | |
287 | |
288 *** `L' and `I' in the summary buffer now take the symbolic prefix | |
289 `a' to add the score rule to the "all.SCORE" file. | |
290 | |
291 *** `gnus-simplify-subject-functions' variable to allow greater | |
292 control over simplification. | |
293 | |
294 *** `A T' -- new command for fetching the current thread. | |
295 | |
296 *** `/ T' -- new command for including the current thread in the | |
297 limit. | |
298 | |
299 *** `M-RET' is a new Message command for breaking cited text. | |
300 | |
301 *** \\1-expressions are now valid in `nnmail-split-methods'. | |
302 | |
303 *** The `custom-face-lookup' function has been removed. | |
304 If you used this function in your initialization files, you must | |
305 rewrite them to use `face-spec-set' instead. | |
306 | |
307 *** Cancelling now uses the current select method. Symbolic prefix | |
308 `a' forces normal posting method. | |
309 | |
310 *** New command to translate M******** sm*rtq**t*s into proper text | |
311 -- `W d'. | |
312 | |
313 *** For easier debugging of nntp, you can set `nntp-record-commands' | |
314 to a non-nil value. | |
315 | |
316 *** nntp now uses ~/.authinfo, a .netrc-like file, for controlling | |
317 where and how to send AUTHINFO to NNTP servers. | |
318 | |
319 *** A command for editing group parameters from the summary buffer | |
320 has been added. | |
321 | |
322 *** A history of where mails have been split is available. | |
323 | |
324 *** A new article date command has been added -- `article-date-iso8601'. | |
325 | |
326 *** Subjects can be simplified when threading by setting | |
327 `gnus-score-thread-simplify'. | |
328 | |
329 *** A new function for citing in Message has been added -- | |
330 `message-cite-original-without-signature'. | |
331 | |
332 *** `article-strip-all-blank-lines' -- new article command. | |
333 | |
334 *** A new Message command to kill to the end of the article has | |
335 been added. | |
336 | |
337 *** A minimum adaptive score can be specified by using the | |
338 `gnus-adaptive-word-minimum' variable. | |
339 | |
340 *** The "lapsed date" article header can be kept continually | |
341 updated by the `gnus-start-date-timer' command. | |
342 | |
343 *** Web listserv archives can be read with the nnlistserv backend. | |
344 | |
345 *** Old dejanews archives can now be read by nnweb. | |
346 | |
347 *** `gnus-posting-styles' has been re-activated. | |
348 | |
349 ** Changes to TeX and LaTeX mode | |
350 | |
351 *** The new variable `tex-start-options-string' can be used to give | |
352 options for the TeX run. The default value causes TeX to run in | |
353 nonstopmode. For an interactive TeX run set it to nil or "". | |
354 | |
355 *** The command `tex-feed-input' sends input to the Tex Shell. In a | |
356 TeX buffer it is bound to the keys C-RET, C-c RET, and C-c C-m (some | |
357 of these keys may not work on all systems). For instance, if you run | |
358 TeX interactively and if the TeX run stops because of an error, you | |
359 can continue it without leaving the TeX buffer by typing C-RET. | |
360 | |
361 *** The Tex Shell Buffer is now in `compilation-shell-minor-mode'. | |
362 All error-parsing commands of the Compilation major mode are available | |
363 but bound to keys that don't collide with the shell. Thus you can use | |
364 the Tex Shell for command line executions like a usual shell. | |
365 | |
366 *** The commands `tex-validate-region' and `tex-validate-buffer' check | |
367 the matching of braces and $'s. The errors are listed in a *Occur* | |
368 buffer and you can use C-c C-c or mouse-2 to go to a particular | |
369 mismatch. | |
370 | |
371 ** Changes to RefTeX mode | |
372 | |
373 *** The table of contents buffer can now also display labels and | |
374 file boundaries in addition to sections. Use `l', `i', and `c' keys. | |
375 | |
376 *** Labels derived from context (the section heading) are now | |
377 lowercase by default. To make the label legal in LaTeX, latin-1 | |
378 characters will lose their accent. All Mule characters will be | |
379 removed from the label. | |
380 | |
381 *** The automatic display of cross reference information can also use | |
382 a window instead of the echo area. See variable `reftex-auto-view-crossref'. | |
383 | |
384 *** kpsewhich can be used by RefTeX to find TeX and BibTeX files. See the | |
385 customization group `reftex-finding-files'. | |
386 | |
387 *** The option `reftex-bibfile-ignore-list' has been renamed to | |
388 `reftex-bibfile-ignore-regexps' and indeed can be fed with regular | |
389 expressions. | |
390 | |
391 *** Multiple Selection buffers are now hidden buffers. | |
392 | |
393 ** New/deleted modes and packages | |
394 | |
395 *** The package snmp-mode.el provides major modes for editing SNMP and | |
396 SNMPv2 MIBs. It has entries on `auto-mode-alist'. | |
397 | |
398 *** The package sql.el provides a major mode, M-x sql-mode, for | |
399 editing SQL files, and M-x sql-interactive-mode for interacting with | |
400 SQL interpreters. It has an entry on `auto-mode-alist'. | |
401 | |
402 *** M-x highlight-changes-mode provides a minor mode displaying buffer | |
403 changes with a special face. | |
404 | |
405 *** ispell4.el has been deleted. It got in the way of ispell.el and | |
406 this was hard to fix reliably. It has long been obsolete -- use | |
407 Ispell 3.1 and ispell.el. | |
408 | |
409 * MS-DOS changes in Emacs 20.4 | |
410 | |
411 ** Emacs compiled for MS-DOS now supports MULE features better. | |
412 This includes support for display of all ISO 8859-N character sets, | |
413 conversion to and from IBM codepage encoding of non-ASCII characters, | |
414 and automatic setup of the MULE environment at startup. For details, | |
415 check out the section `MS-DOS and MULE' in the manual. | |
416 | |
417 The MS-DOS installation procedure automatically configures and builds | |
418 Emacs with input method support if it finds an unpacked Leim | |
419 distribution when the config.bat script is run. | |
420 | |
421 ** Formerly, the value of lpr-command did not affect printing on | |
422 MS-DOS unless print-region-function was set to nil, but now it | |
423 controls whether an external program is invoked or output is written | |
424 directly to a printer port. Similarly, in the previous version of | |
425 Emacs, the value of ps-lpr-command did not affect PostScript printing | |
426 on MS-DOS unless ps-printer-name was set to something other than a | |
427 string (eg. t or `pipe'), but now it controls whether an external | |
428 program is used. (These changes were made so that configuration of | |
429 printing variables would be almost identical across all platforms.) | |
430 | |
431 ** In the previous version of Emacs, PostScript and non-PostScript | |
432 output was piped to external programs, but because most print programs | |
433 available for MS-DOS and MS-Windows cannot read data from their standard | |
434 input, on those systems the data to be output is now written to a | |
435 temporary file whose name is passed as the last argument to the external | |
436 program. | |
437 | |
438 An exception is made for `print', a standard program on Windows NT, | |
439 and `nprint', a standard program on Novell Netware. For both of these | |
440 programs, the command line is constructed in the appropriate syntax | |
441 automatically, using only the value of printer-name or ps-printer-name | |
442 as appropriate--the value of the relevant `-switches' variable is | |
443 ignored, as both programs have no useful switches. | |
444 | |
445 ** The value of the variable dos-printer (cf. dos-ps-printer), if it has | |
446 a value, overrides the value of printer-name (cf. ps-printer-name), on | |
447 MS-DOS and MS-Windows only. This has been true since version 20.3, but | |
448 was not documented clearly before. | |
449 | |
450 ** All the Emacs games now work on MS-DOS terminals. | |
451 This includes Tetris and Snake. | |
452 | |
453 * Lisp changes in Emacs 20.4 | |
454 | |
455 ** New functions line-beginning-position and line-end-position | |
456 return the position of the beginning or end of the current line. | |
457 They both accept an optional argument, which has the same | |
458 meaning as the argument to beginning-of-line or end-of-line. | |
459 | |
460 ** find-file and allied functions now have an optional argument | |
461 WILDCARD. If this is non-nil, they do wildcard processing, | |
462 and visit all files that match the wildcard pattern. | |
463 | |
464 ** Changes in the file-attributes function. | |
465 | |
466 *** The file size returned by file-attributes may be an integer or a float. | |
467 It is an integer if the size fits in a Lisp integer, float otherwise. | |
468 | |
469 *** The inode number returned by file-attributes may be an integer (if | |
470 the number fits in a Lisp integer) or a cons cell containing two | |
471 integers. | |
472 | |
473 ** The new function directory-files-and-attributes returns a list of | |
474 files in a directory and their attributes. It accepts the same | |
475 arguments as directory-files and has similar semantics, except that | |
476 file names and attributes are returned. | |
477 | |
478 ** The new function file-attributes-lessp is a helper function for | |
479 sorting the list generated by directory-files-and-attributes. It | |
480 accepts two arguments, each a list of a file name and its atttributes. | |
481 It compares the file names of each according to string-lessp and | |
482 returns the result. | |
483 | |
484 ** The new function file-expand-wildcards expands a wildcard-pattern | |
485 to produce a list of existing files that match the pattern. | |
486 | |
487 ** New functions for base64 conversion: | |
488 | |
489 The function base64-encode-region converts a part of the buffer | |
490 into the base64 code used in MIME. base64-decode-region | |
491 performs the opposite conversion. Line-breaking is supported | |
492 optionally. | |
493 | |
494 Functions base64-encode-string and base64-decode-string do a similar | |
495 job on the text in a string. They return the value as a new string. | |
496 | |
497 ** | |
498 The new function process-running-child-p | |
499 will tell you if a subprocess has given control of its | |
500 terminal to its own child process. | |
501 | |
502 ** interrupt-process and such functions have a new feature: | |
503 when the second argument is `lambda', they send a signal | |
504 to the running child of the subshell, if any, but if the shell | |
505 itself owns its terminal, no signal is sent. | |
506 | |
507 ** There are new widget types `plist' and `alist' which can | |
508 be used for customizing variables whose values are plists or alists. | |
509 | |
510 ** easymenu.el Now understands `:key-sequence' and `:style button'. | |
511 :included is an alias for :visible. | |
512 | |
513 easy-menu-add-item now understands the values returned by | |
514 easy-menu-remove-item and easy-menu-item-present-p. This can be used | |
515 to move or copy menu entries. | |
516 | |
517 ** Multibyte editing changes | |
518 | |
519 *** The definitions of sref and char-bytes are changed. Now, sref is | |
520 an alias of aref and char-bytes always returns 1. This change is to | |
521 make some Emacs Lisp code which works on 20.2 and earlier also | |
522 work on the latest Emacs. Such code uses a combination of sref and | |
523 char-bytes in a loop typically as below: | |
524 (setq char (sref str idx) | |
525 idx (+ idx (char-bytes idx))) | |
526 The byte-compiler now warns that this is obsolete. | |
527 | |
528 If you want to know how many bytes a specific multibyte character | |
529 (say, CH) occupies in a multibyte buffer, use this code: | |
530 (charset-bytes (char-charset ch)) | |
531 | |
532 *** In multibyte mode, when you narrow a buffer to some region, and the | |
533 region is preceded or followed by non-ASCII codes, inserting or | |
534 deleting at the head or the end of the region may signal this error: | |
535 | |
536 Byte combining across boundary of accessible buffer text inhibitted | |
537 | |
538 This is to avoid some bytes being combined together into a character | |
539 across the boundary. | |
540 | |
541 *** The functions find-charset-region and find-charset-string include | |
542 `unknown' in the returned list in the following cases: | |
543 o The current buffer or the target string is unibyte and | |
544 contains 8-bit characters. | |
545 o The current buffer or the target string is multibyte and | |
546 contains invalid characters. | |
547 | |
548 *** The functions decode-coding-region and encode-coding-region remove | |
549 text properties of the target region. Ideally, they should correctly | |
550 preserve text properties, but for the moment, it's hard. Removing | |
551 text properties is better than preserving them in a less-than-correct | |
552 way. | |
553 | |
554 *** prefer-coding-system sets EOL conversion of default coding systems. | |
555 If the argument to prefer-coding-system specifies a certain type of | |
556 end of line conversion, the default coding systems set by | |
557 prefer-coding-system will specify that conversion type for end of line. | |
558 | |
559 *** The new function thai-compose-string can be used to properly | |
560 compose Thai characters in a string. | |
561 | |
562 ** The primitive `define-prefix-command' now takes an optional third | |
563 argument NAME, which should be a string. It supplies the menu name | |
564 for the created keymap. Keymaps created in order to be displayed as | |
565 menus should always use the third argument. | |
566 | |
567 ** The meanings of optional second arguments for read-char, | |
568 read-event, and read-char-exclusive are flipped. Now the second | |
569 arguments are INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD. These functions use the current | |
570 input method (if any) if and only if INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD is non-nil. | |
571 | |
572 ** The new function clear-this-command-keys empties out the contents | |
573 of the vector that (this-command-keys) returns. This is useful in | |
574 programs that read passwords, to prevent the passwords from echoing | |
575 inadvertently as part of the next command in certain cases. | |
576 | |
577 ** The new macro `with-temp-message' displays a temporary message in | |
578 the echo area, while executing some Lisp code. Like `progn', it | |
579 returns the value of the last form, but it also restores the previous | |
580 echo area contents. | |
581 | |
582 (with-temp-message MESSAGE &rest BODY) | |
583 | |
584 ** The function `require' now takes an optional third argument | |
585 NOERROR. If it is non-nil, then there is no error if the | |
586 requested feature cannot be loaded. | |
587 | |
588 ** In the function modify-face, an argument of (nil) for the | |
589 foreground color, background color or stipple pattern | |
590 means to clear out that attribute. | |
591 | |
592 ** The `outer-window-id' frame property of an X frame | |
593 gives the window number of the outermost X window for the frame. | |
594 | |
595 ** Temporary buffers made with with-output-to-temp-buffer are now | |
596 read-only by default, and normally use the major mode Help mode | |
597 unless you put them in some other non-Fundamental mode before the | |
598 end of with-output-to-temp-buffer. | |
599 | |
600 ** The new functions gap-position and gap-size return information on | |
601 the gap of the current buffer. | |
602 | |
603 ** The new functions position-bytes and byte-to-position provide a way | |
604 to convert between character positions and byte positions in the | |
605 current buffer. | |
606 | |
607 ** vc.el defines two new macros, `edit-vc-file' and `with-vc-file', to | |
608 facilitate working with version-controlled files from Lisp programs. | |
609 These macros check out a given file automatically if needed, and check | |
610 it back in after any modifications have been made. | |
611 | |
612 * Installation Changes in Emacs 20.3 | |
613 | |
614 ** The default value of load-path now includes most subdirectories of | |
615 the site-specific directories /usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp and | |
616 /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp, in addition to those | |
617 directories themselves. Both immediate subdirectories and | |
618 subdirectories multiple levels down are added to load-path. | |
619 | |
620 Not all subdirectories are included, though. Subdirectories whose | |
621 names do not start with a letter or digit are excluded. | |
622 Subdirectories named RCS or CVS are excluded. Also, a subdirectory | |
623 which contains a file named `.nosearch' is excluded. You can use | |
624 these methods to prevent certain subdirectories from being searched. | |
625 | |
626 Emacs finds these subdirectories and adds them to load-path when it | |
627 starts up. While it would be cleaner to find the subdirectories each | |
628 time Emacs loads a file, that would be much slower. | |
629 | |
630 This feature is an incompatible change. If you have stored some Emacs | |
631 Lisp files in a subdirectory of the site-lisp directory specifically | |
632 to prevent them from being used, you will need to rename the | |
633 subdirectory to start with a non-alphanumeric character, or create a | |
634 `.nosearch' file in it, in order to continue to achieve the desired | |
635 results. | |
636 | |
637 ** Emacs no longer includes an old version of the C preprocessor from | |
638 GCC. This was formerly used to help compile Emacs with C compilers | |
639 that had limits on the significant length of an identifier, but in | |
640 fact we stopped supporting such compilers some time ago. | |
641 | |
642 * Changes in Emacs 20.3 | |
643 | |
644 ** The new command C-x z (repeat) repeats the previous command | |
645 including its argument. If you repeat the z afterward, | |
646 it repeats the command additional times; thus, you can | |
647 perform many repetitions with one keystroke per repetition. | |
648 | |
649 ** Emacs now supports "selective undo" which undoes only within a | |
650 specified region. To do this, set point and mark around the desired | |
651 region and type C-u C-x u (or C-u C-_). You can then continue undoing | |
652 further, within the same region, by repeating the ordinary undo | |
653 command C-x u or C-_. This will keep undoing changes that were made | |
654 within the region you originally specified, until either all of them | |
655 are undone, or it encounters a change which crosses the edge of that | |
656 region. | |
657 | |
658 In Transient Mark mode, undoing when a region is active requests | |
659 selective undo. | |
660 | |
661 ** If you specify --unibyte when starting Emacs, then all buffers are | |
662 unibyte, except when a Lisp program specifically creates a multibyte | |
663 buffer. Setting the environment variable EMACS_UNIBYTE has the same | |
664 effect. The --no-unibyte option overrides EMACS_UNIBYTE and directs | |
665 Emacs to run normally in multibyte mode. | |
666 | |
667 The option --unibyte does not affect the reading of Emacs Lisp files, | |
668 though. If you want a Lisp file to be read in unibyte mode, use | |
669 -*-unibyte: t;-*- on its first line. That will force Emacs to | |
670 load that file in unibyte mode, regardless of how Emacs was started. | |
671 | |
672 ** toggle-enable-multibyte-characters no longer has a key binding and | |
673 no longer appears in the menu bar. We've realized that changing the | |
674 enable-multibyte-characters variable in an existing buffer is | |
675 something that most users not do. | |
676 | |
677 ** You can specify a coding system to use for the next cut or paste | |
678 operations through the window system with the command C-x RET X. | |
679 The coding system can make a difference for communication with other | |
680 applications. | |
681 | |
682 C-x RET x specifies a coding system for all subsequent cutting and | |
683 pasting operations. | |
684 | |
685 ** You can specify the printer to use for commands that do printing by | |
686 setting the variable `printer-name'. Just what a printer name looks | |
687 like depends on your operating system. You can specify a different | |
688 printer for the Postscript printing commands by setting | |
689 `ps-printer-name'. | |
690 | |
691 ** Emacs now supports on-the-fly spell checking by the means of a | |
692 minor mode. It is called M-x flyspell-mode. You don't have to remember | |
693 any other special commands to use it, and you will hardly notice it | |
694 except when you make a spelling error. Flyspell works by highlighting | |
695 incorrect words as soon as they are completed or as soon as the cursor | |
696 hits a new word. | |
697 | |
698 Flyspell mode works with whichever dictionary you have selected for | |
699 Ispell in Emacs. In TeX mode, it understands TeX syntax so as not | |
700 to be confused by TeX commands. | |
701 | |
702 You can correct a misspelled word by editing it into something | |
703 correct. You can also correct it, or accept it as correct, by | |
704 clicking on the word with Mouse-2; that gives you a pop-up menu | |
705 of various alternative replacements and actions. | |
706 | |
707 Flyspell mode also proposes "automatic" corrections. M-TAB replaces | |
708 the current misspelled word with a possible correction. If several | |
709 corrections are made possible, M-TAB cycles through them in | |
710 alphabetical order, or in order of decreasing likelihood if | |
711 flyspell-sort-corrections is nil. | |
712 | |
713 Flyspell mode also flags an error when a word is repeated, if | |
714 flyspell-mark-duplications-flag is non-nil. | |
715 | |
716 ** Changes in input method usage. | |
717 | |
718 Now you can use arrow keys (right, left, down, up) for selecting among | |
719 the alternatives just the same way as you do by C-f, C-b, C-n, and C-p | |
720 respectively. | |
721 | |
722 You can use the ENTER key to accept the current conversion. | |
723 | |
724 If you type TAB to display a list of alternatives, you can select one | |
725 of the alternatives with Mouse-2. | |
726 | |
727 The meaning of the variable `input-method-verbose-flag' is changed so | |
728 that you can set it to t, nil, `default', or `complex-only'. | |
729 | |
730 If the value is nil, extra guidance is never given. | |
731 | |
732 If the value is t, extra guidance is always given. | |
733 | |
734 If the value is `complex-only', extra guidance is always given only | |
735 when you are using complex input methods such as chinese-py. | |
736 | |
737 If the value is `default' (this is the default), extra guidance is | |
738 given in the following case: | |
739 o When you are using a complex input method. | |
740 o When you are using a simple input method but not in the minibuffer. | |
741 | |
742 If you are using Emacs through a very slow line, setting | |
743 input-method-verbose-flag to nil or to complex-only is a good choice, | |
744 and if you are using an input method you are not familiar with, | |
745 setting it to t is helpful. | |
746 | |
747 The old command select-input-method is now called set-input-method. | |
748 | |
749 In the language environment "Korean", you can use the following | |
750 keys: | |
751 Shift-SPC toggle-korean-input-method | |
752 C-F9 quail-hangul-switch-symbol-ksc | |
753 F9 quail-hangul-switch-hanja | |
754 These key bindings are canceled when you switch to another language | |
755 environment. | |
756 | |
757 ** The minibuffer history of file names now records the specified file | |
758 names, not the entire minibuffer input. For example, if the | |
759 minibuffer starts out with /usr/foo/, you might type in /etc/passwd to | |
760 get | |
761 | |
762 /usr/foo//etc/passwd | |
763 | |
764 which stands for the file /etc/passwd. | |
765 | |
766 Formerly, this used to put /usr/foo//etc/passwd in the history list. | |
767 Now this puts just /etc/passwd in the history list. | |
768 | |
769 ** If you are root, Emacs sets backup-by-copying-when-mismatch to t | |
770 at startup, so that saving a file will be sure to preserve | |
771 its owner and group. | |
772 | |
773 ** find-func.el can now also find the place of definition of Emacs | |
774 Lisp variables in user-loaded libraries. | |
775 | |
776 ** C-x r t (string-rectangle) now deletes the existing rectangle | |
777 contents before inserting the specified string on each line. | |
778 | |
779 ** There is a new command delete-whitespace-rectangle | |
780 which deletes whitespace starting from a particular column | |
781 in all the lines on a rectangle. The column is specified | |
782 by the left edge of the rectangle. | |
783 | |
784 ** You can now store a number into a register with C-u NUMBER C-x r n REG, | |
785 increment it by INC with C-u INC C-x r + REG (to increment by one, omit | |
786 C-u INC), and insert it in the buffer with C-x r g REG. This is useful | |
787 for writing keyboard macros. | |
788 | |
789 ** The new command M-x speedbar displays a frame in which directories, | |
790 files, and tags can be displayed, manipulated, and jumped to. The | |
791 frame defaults to 20 characters in width, and is the same height as | |
792 the frame that it was started from. Some major modes define | |
793 additional commands for the speedbar, including Rmail, GUD/GDB, and | |
794 info. | |
795 | |
796 ** query-replace-regexp is now bound to C-M-%. | |
797 | |
798 ** In Transient Mark mode, when the region is active, M-x | |
799 query-replace and the other replace commands now operate on the region | |
800 contents only. | |
801 | |
802 ** M-x write-region, when used interactively, now asks for | |
803 confirmation before overwriting an existing file. When you call | |
804 the function from a Lisp program, a new optional argument CONFIRM | |
805 says whether to ask for confirmation in this case. | |
806 | |
807 ** If you use find-file-literally and the file is already visited | |
808 non-literally, the command asks you whether to revisit the file | |
809 literally. If you say no, it signals an error. | |
810 | |
811 ** Major modes defined with the "derived mode" feature | |
812 now use the proper name for the mode hook: WHATEVER-mode-hook. | |
813 Formerly they used the name WHATEVER-mode-hooks, but that is | |
814 inconsistent with Emacs conventions. | |
815 | |
816 ** shell-command-on-region (and shell-command) reports success or | |
817 failure if the command produces no output. | |
818 | |
819 ** Set focus-follows-mouse to nil if your window system or window | |
820 manager does not transfer focus to another window when you just move | |
821 the mouse. | |
822 | |
823 ** mouse-menu-buffer-maxlen has been renamed to | |
824 mouse-buffer-menu-maxlen to be consistent with the other related | |
825 function and variable names. | |
826 | |
827 ** The new variable auto-coding-alist specifies coding systems for | |
828 reading specific files. This has higher priority than | |
829 file-coding-system-alist. | |
830 | |
831 ** If you set the variable unibyte-display-via-language-environment to | |
832 t, then Emacs displays non-ASCII characters are displayed by | |
833 converting them to the equivalent multibyte characters according to | |
834 the current language environment. As a result, they are displayed | |
835 according to the current fontset. | |
836 | |
837 ** C-q's handling of codes in the range 0200 through 0377 is changed. | |
838 | |
839 The codes in the range 0200 through 0237 are inserted as one byte of | |
840 that code regardless of the values of nonascii-translation-table and | |
841 nonascii-insert-offset. | |
842 | |
843 For the codes in the range 0240 through 0377, if | |
844 enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil and nonascii-translation-table | |
845 nor nonascii-insert-offset can't convert them to valid multibyte | |
846 characters, they are converted to Latin-1 characters. | |
847 | |
848 ** If you try to find a file that is not read-accessible, you now get | |
849 an error, rather than an empty buffer and a warning. | |
850 | |
851 ** In the minibuffer history commands M-r and M-s, an upper case | |
852 letter in the regular expression forces case-sensitive search. | |
853 | |
854 ** In the *Help* buffer, cross-references to commands and variables | |
855 are inferred and hyperlinked. Use C-h m in Help mode for the relevant | |
856 command keys. | |
857 | |
858 ** M-x apropos-command, with a prefix argument, no longer looks for | |
859 user option variables--instead it looks for noninteractive functions. | |
860 | |
861 Meanwhile, the command apropos-variable normally searches for | |
862 user option variables; with a prefix argument, it looks at | |
863 all variables that have documentation. | |
864 | |
865 ** When you type a long line in the minibuffer, and the minibuffer | |
866 shows just one line, automatically scrolling works in a special way | |
867 that shows you overlap with the previous line of text. The variable | |
868 minibuffer-scroll-overlap controls how many characters of overlap | |
869 it should show; the default is 20. | |
870 | |
871 Meanwhile, Resize Minibuffer mode is still available; in that mode, | |
872 the minibuffer grows taller (up to a point) as needed to show the whole | |
873 of your input. | |
874 | |
875 ** The new command M-x customize-changed-options lets you customize | |
876 all the options whose meanings or default values have changed in | |
877 recent Emacs versions. You specify a previous Emacs version number as | |
878 argument, and the command creates a customization buffer showing all | |
879 the customizable options which were changed since that version. | |
880 Newly added options are included as well. | |
881 | |
882 If you don't specify a particular version number argument, | |
883 then the customization buffer shows all the customizable options | |
884 for which Emacs versions of changes are recorded. | |
885 | |
886 This function is also bound to the Changed Options entry in the | |
887 Customize menu. | |
888 | |
889 ** When you run M-x grep with a prefix argument, it figures out | |
890 the tag around point and puts that into the default grep command. | |
891 | |
892 ** The new command M-* (pop-tag-mark) pops back through a history of | |
893 buffer positions from which M-. or other tag-finding commands were | |
894 invoked. | |
895 | |
896 ** The new variable comment-padding specifies the number of spaces | |
897 that `comment-region' will insert before the actual text of the comment. | |
898 The default is 1. | |
899 | |
900 ** In Fortran mode the characters `.', `_' and `$' now have symbol | |
901 syntax, not word syntax. Fortran mode now supports `imenu' and has | |
902 new commands fortran-join-line (M-^) and fortran-narrow-to-subprogram | |
903 (C-x n d). M-q can be used to fill a statement or comment block | |
904 sensibly. | |
905 | |
906 ** GUD now supports jdb, the Java debugger, and pdb, the Python debugger. | |
907 | |
908 ** If you set the variable add-log-keep-changes-together to a non-nil | |
909 value, the command `C-x 4 a' will automatically notice when you make | |
910 two entries in one day for one file, and combine them. | |
911 | |
912 ** You can use the command M-x diary-mail-entries to mail yourself a | |
913 reminder about upcoming diary entries. See the documentation string | |
914 for a sample shell script for calling this function automatically | |
915 every night. | |
916 | |
917 ** Desktop changes | |
918 | |
919 *** All you need to do to enable use of the Desktop package, is to set | |
920 the variable desktop-enable to t with Custom. | |
921 | |
922 *** Minor modes are now restored. Which minor modes are restored | |
923 and how modes are restored is controlled by `desktop-minor-mode-table'. | |
924 | |
925 ** There is no need to do anything special, now, to enable Gnus to | |
926 read and post multi-lingual articles. | |
927 | |
928 ** Outline mode has now support for showing hidden outlines when | |
929 doing an isearch. In order for this to happen search-invisible should | |
930 be set to open (the default). If an isearch match is inside a hidden | |
931 outline the outline is made visible. If you continue pressing C-s and | |
932 the match moves outside the formerly invisible outline, the outline is | |
933 made invisible again. | |
934 | |
935 ** Mail reading and sending changes | |
936 | |
937 *** The Rmail e command now switches to displaying the whole header of | |
938 the message before it lets you edit the message. This is so that any | |
939 changes you make in the header will not be lost if you subsequently | |
940 toggle. | |
941 | |
942 *** The w command in Rmail, which writes the message body into a file, | |
943 now works in the summary buffer as well. (The command to delete the | |
944 summary buffer is now Q.) The default file name for the w command, if | |
945 the message has no subject, is stored in the variable | |
946 rmail-default-body-file. | |
947 | |
948 *** Most of the commands and modes that operate on mail and netnews no | |
949 longer depend on the value of mail-header-separator. Instead, they | |
950 handle whatever separator the buffer happens to use. | |
951 | |
952 *** If you set mail-signature to a value which is not t, nil, or a string, | |
953 it should be an expression. When you send a message, this expression | |
954 is evaluated to insert the signature. | |
955 | |
956 *** The new Lisp library feedmail.el (version 8) enhances processing of | |
957 outbound email messages. It works in coordination with other email | |
958 handling packages (e.g., rmail, VM, gnus) and is responsible for | |
959 putting final touches on messages and actually submitting them for | |
960 transmission. Users of the emacs program "fakemail" might be | |
961 especially interested in trying feedmail. | |
962 | |
963 feedmail is not enabled by default. See comments at the top of | |
964 feedmail.el for set-up instructions. Among the bigger features | |
965 provided by feedmail are: | |
966 | |
967 **** you can park outgoing messages into a disk-based queue and | |
968 stimulate sending some or all of them later (handy for laptop users); | |
969 there is also a queue for draft messages | |
970 | |
971 **** you can get one last look at the prepped outbound message and | |
972 be prompted for confirmation | |
973 | |
974 **** does smart filling of address headers | |
975 | |
976 **** can generate a MESSAGE-ID: line and a DATE: line; the date can be | |
977 the time the message was written or the time it is being sent; this | |
978 can make FCC copies more closely resemble copies that recipients get | |
979 | |
980 **** you can specify an arbitrary function for actually transmitting | |
981 the message; included in feedmail are interfaces for /bin/[r]mail, | |
982 /usr/lib/sendmail, and elisp smtpmail; it's easy to write a new | |
983 function for something else (10-20 lines of elisp) | |
984 | |
985 ** Dired changes | |
986 | |
987 *** The Dired function dired-do-toggle, which toggles marked and unmarked | |
988 files, is now bound to "t" instead of "T". | |
989 | |
990 *** dired-at-point has been added to ffap.el. It allows one to easily | |
991 run Dired on the directory name at point. | |
992 | |
993 *** Dired has a new command: %g. It searches the contents of | |
994 files in the directory and marks each file that contains a match | |
995 for a specified regexp. | |
996 | |
997 ** VC Changes | |
998 | |
999 *** New option vc-ignore-vc-files lets you turn off version control | |
1000 conveniently. | |
1001 | |
1002 *** VC Dired has been completely rewritten. It is now much | |
1003 faster, especially for CVS, and works very similar to ordinary | |
1004 Dired. | |
1005 | |
1006 VC Dired is invoked by typing C-x v d and entering the name of the | |
1007 directory to display. By default, VC Dired gives you a recursive | |
1008 listing of all files at or below the given directory which are | |
1009 currently locked (for CVS, all files not up-to-date are shown). | |
1010 | |
1011 You can change the listing format by setting vc-dired-recurse to nil, | |
1012 then it shows only the given directory, and you may also set | |
1013 vc-dired-terse-display to nil, then it shows all files under version | |
1014 control plus the names of any subdirectories, so that you can type `i' | |
1015 on such lines to insert them manually, as in ordinary Dired. | |
1016 | |
1017 All Dired commands operate normally in VC Dired, except for `v', which | |
1018 is redefined as the version control prefix. That means you may type | |
1019 `v l', `v =' etc. to invoke `vc-print-log', `vc-diff' and the like on | |
1020 the file named in the current Dired buffer line. `v v' invokes | |
1021 `vc-next-action' on this file, or on all files currently marked. | |
1022 | |
1023 The new command `v t' (vc-dired-toggle-terse-mode) allows you to | |
1024 toggle between terse display (only locked files) and full display (all | |
1025 VC files plus subdirectories). There is also a special command, | |
1026 `* l', to mark all files currently locked. | |
1027 | |
1028 Giving a prefix argument to C-x v d now does the same thing as in | |
1029 ordinary Dired: it allows you to supply additional options for the ls | |
1030 command in the minibuffer, to fine-tune VC Dired's output. | |
1031 | |
1032 *** Under CVS, if you merge changes from the repository into a working | |
1033 file, and CVS detects conflicts, VC now offers to start an ediff | |
1034 session to resolve them. | |
1035 | |
1036 Alternatively, you can use the new command `vc-resolve-conflicts' to | |
1037 resolve conflicts in a file at any time. It works in any buffer that | |
1038 contains conflict markers as generated by rcsmerge (which is what CVS | |
1039 uses as well). | |
1040 | |
1041 *** You can now transfer changes between branches, using the new | |
1042 command vc-merge (C-x v m). It is implemented for RCS and CVS. When | |
1043 you invoke it in a buffer under version-control, you can specify | |
1044 either an entire branch or a pair of versions, and the changes on that | |
1045 branch or between the two versions are merged into the working file. | |
1046 If this results in any conflicts, they may be resolved interactively, | |
1047 using ediff. | |
1048 | |
1049 ** Changes in Font Lock | |
1050 | |
1051 *** The face and variable previously known as font-lock-reference-face | |
1052 are now called font-lock-constant-face to better reflect their typical | |
1053 use for highlighting constants and labels. (Its face properties are | |
1054 unchanged.) The variable font-lock-reference-face remains for now for | |
1055 compatibility reasons, but its value is font-lock-constant-face. | |
1056 | |
1057 ** Frame name display changes | |
1058 | |
1059 *** The command set-frame-name lets you set the name of the current | |
1060 frame. You can use the new command select-frame-by-name to select and | |
1061 raise a frame; this is mostly useful on character-only terminals, or | |
1062 when many frames are invisible or iconified. | |
1063 | |
1064 *** On character-only terminal (not a window system), changing the | |
1065 frame name is now reflected on the mode line and in the Buffers/Frames | |
1066 menu. | |
1067 | |
1068 ** Comint (subshell) changes | |
1069 | |
1070 *** In Comint modes, the commands to kill, stop or interrupt a | |
1071 subjob now also kill pending input. This is for compatibility | |
1072 with ordinary shells, where the signal characters do this. | |
1073 | |
1074 *** There are new commands in Comint mode. | |
1075 | |
1076 C-c C-x fetches the "next" line from the input history; | |
1077 that is, the line after the last line you got. | |
1078 You can use this command to fetch successive lines, one by one. | |
1079 | |
1080 C-c SPC accumulates lines of input. More precisely, it arranges to | |
1081 send the current line together with the following line, when you send | |
1082 the following line. | |
1083 | |
1084 C-c C-a if repeated twice consecutively now moves to the process mark, | |
1085 which separates the pending input from the subprocess output and the | |
1086 previously sent input. | |
1087 | |
1088 C-c M-r now runs comint-previous-matching-input-from-input; | |
1089 it searches for a previous command, using the current pending input | |
1090 as the search string. | |
1091 | |
1092 *** New option compilation-scroll-output can be set to scroll | |
1093 automatically in compilation-mode windows. | |
1094 | |
1095 ** C mode changes | |
1096 | |
1097 *** Multiline macros are now handled, both as they affect indentation, | |
1098 and as recognized syntax. New syntactic symbol cpp-macro-cont is | |
1099 assigned to second and subsequent lines of a multiline macro | |
1100 definition. | |
1101 | |
1102 *** A new style "user" which captures all non-hook-ified | |
1103 (i.e. top-level) .emacs file variable settings and customizations. | |
1104 Style "cc-mode" is an alias for "user" and is deprecated. "gnu" | |
1105 style is still the default however. | |
1106 | |
1107 *** "java" style now conforms to Sun's JDK coding style. | |
1108 | |
1109 *** There are new commands c-beginning-of-defun, c-end-of-defun which | |
1110 are alternatives which you could bind to C-M-a and C-M-e if you prefer | |
1111 them. They do not have key bindings by default. | |
1112 | |
1113 *** New and improved implementations of M-a (c-beginning-of-statement) | |
1114 and M-e (c-end-of-statement). | |
1115 | |
1116 *** C++ namespace blocks are supported, with new syntactic symbols | |
1117 namespace-open, namespace-close, and innamespace. | |
1118 | |
1119 *** File local variable settings of c-file-style and c-file-offsets | |
1120 makes the style variables local to that buffer only. | |
1121 | |
1122 *** New indentation functions c-lineup-close-paren, | |
1123 c-indent-one-line-block, c-lineup-dont-change. | |
1124 | |
1125 *** Improvements (hopefully!) to the way CC Mode is loaded. You | |
1126 should now be able to do a (require 'cc-mode) to get the entire | |
1127 package loaded properly for customization in your .emacs file. A new | |
1128 variable c-initialize-on-load controls this and is t by default. | |
1129 | |
1130 ** Changes to hippie-expand. | |
1131 | |
1132 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-dabbrev-skip-space'. If | |
1133 non-nil, trailing spaces may be included in the abbreviation to search for, | |
1134 which then gives the same behavior as the original `dabbrev-expand'. | |
1135 | |
1136 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-dabbrev-as-symbol'. If | |
1137 non-nil, characters of syntax '_' is considered part of the word when | |
1138 expanding dynamically. | |
1139 | |
1140 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-no-restriction'. If | |
1141 non-nil, narrowed buffers are widened before they are searched. | |
1142 | |
1143 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-only-buffers'. If | |
1144 non-empty, buffers searched are restricted to the types specified in | |
1145 this list. Useful for example when constructing new special-purpose | |
1146 expansion functions with `make-hippie-expand-function'. | |
1147 | |
1148 *** Text properties of the expansion are no longer copied. | |
1149 | |
1150 ** Changes in BibTeX mode. | |
1151 | |
1152 *** Any titleword matching a regexp in the new variable | |
1153 bibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore (case sensitive) is ignored during | |
1154 automatic key generation. This replaces variable | |
1155 bibtex-autokey-titleword-first-ignore, which only checked for matches | |
1156 against the first word in the title. | |
1157 | |
1158 *** Autokey generation now uses all words from the title, not just | |
1159 capitalized words. To avoid conflicts with existing customizations, | |
1160 bibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore is set up such that words starting with | |
1161 lowerkey characters will still be ignored. Thus, if you want to use | |
1162 lowercase words from the title, you will have to overwrite the | |
1163 bibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore standard setting. | |
1164 | |
1165 *** Case conversion of names and title words for automatic key | |
1166 generation is more flexible. Variable bibtex-autokey-preserve-case is | |
1167 replaced by bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert and | |
1168 bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert. | |
1169 | |
1170 ** Changes in vcursor.el. | |
1171 | |
1172 *** Support for character terminals is available: there is a new keymap | |
1173 and the vcursor will appear as an arrow between buffer text. A | |
1174 variable `vcursor-interpret-input' allows input from the vcursor to be | |
1175 entered exactly as if typed. Numerous functions, including | |
1176 `vcursor-compare-windows', have been rewritten to improve consistency | |
1177 in the selection of windows and corresponding keymaps. | |
1178 | |
1179 *** vcursor options can now be altered with M-x customize under the | |
1180 Editing group once the package is loaded. | |
1181 | |
1182 *** Loading vcursor now does not define keys by default, as this is | |
1183 generally a bad side effect. Use M-x customize to set | |
1184 vcursor-key-bindings to t to restore the old behaviour. | |
1185 | |
1186 *** vcursor-auto-disable can be `copy', which turns off copying from the | |
1187 vcursor, but doesn't disable it, after any non-vcursor command. | |
1188 | |
1189 ** Ispell changes. | |
1190 | |
1191 *** You can now spell check comments and strings in the current | |
1192 buffer with M-x ispell-comments-and-strings. Comments and strings | |
1193 are identified by syntax tables in effect. | |
1194 | |
1195 *** Generic region skipping implemented. | |
1196 A single buffer can be broken into a number of regions where text will | |
1197 and will not be checked. The definitions of the regions can be user | |
1198 defined. New applications and improvements made available by this | |
1199 include: | |
1200 | |
1201 o URLs are automatically skipped | |
1202 o EMail message checking is vastly improved. | |
1203 | |
1204 *** Ispell can highlight the erroneous word even on non-window terminals. | |
1205 | |
1206 ** Changes to RefTeX mode | |
1207 | |
1208 RefTeX has been updated in order to make it more usable with very | |
1209 large projects (like a several volume math book). The parser has been | |
1210 re-written from scratch. To get maximum speed from RefTeX, check the | |
1211 section `Optimizations' in the manual. | |
1212 | |
1213 *** New recursive parser. | |
1214 | |
1215 The old version of RefTeX created a single large buffer containing the | |
1216 entire multifile document in order to parse the document. The new | |
1217 recursive parser scans the individual files. | |
1218 | |
1219 *** Parsing only part of a document. | |
1220 | |
1221 Reparsing of changed document parts can now be made faster by enabling | |
1222 partial scans. To use this feature, read the documentation string of | |
1223 the variable `reftex-enable-partial-scans' and set the variable to t. | |
1224 | |
1225 (setq reftex-enable-partial-scans t) | |
1226 | |
1227 *** Storing parsing information in a file. | |
1228 | |
1229 This can improve startup times considerably. To turn it on, use | |
1230 | |
1231 (setq reftex-save-parse-info t) | |
1232 | |
1233 *** Using multiple selection buffers | |
1234 | |
1235 If the creation of label selection buffers is too slow (this happens | |
1236 for large documents), you can reuse these buffers by setting | |
1237 | |
1238 (setq reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers t) | |
1239 | |
1240 *** References to external documents. | |
1241 | |
1242 The LaTeX package `xr' allows to cross-reference labels in external | |
1243 documents. RefTeX can provide information about the external | |
1244 documents as well. To use this feature, set up the \externaldocument | |
1245 macros required by the `xr' package and rescan the document with | |
1246 RefTeX. The external labels can then be accessed with the `x' key in | |
1247 the selection buffer provided by `reftex-reference' (bound to `C-c )'). | |
1248 The `x' key also works in the table of contents buffer. | |
1249 | |
1250 *** Many more labeled LaTeX environments are recognized by default. | |
1251 | |
1252 The builtin command list now covers all the standard LaTeX commands, | |
1253 and all of the major packages included in the LaTeX distribution. | |
1254 | |
1255 Also, RefTeX now understands the \appendix macro and changes | |
1256 the enumeration of sections in the *toc* buffer accordingly. | |
1257 | |
1258 *** Mouse support for selection and *toc* buffers | |
1259 | |
1260 The mouse can now be used to select items in the selection and *toc* | |
1261 buffers. See also the new option `reftex-highlight-selection'. | |
1262 | |
1263 *** New keymaps for selection and table of contents modes. | |
1264 | |
1265 The selection processes for labels and citation keys, and the table of | |
1266 contents buffer now have their own keymaps: `reftex-select-label-map', | |
1267 `reftex-select-bib-map', `reftex-toc-map'. The selection processes | |
1268 have a number of new keys predefined. In particular, TAB lets you | |
1269 enter a label with completion. Check the on-the-fly help (press `?' | |
1270 at the selection prompt) or read the Info documentation to find out | |
1271 more. | |
1272 | |
1273 *** Support for the varioref package | |
1274 | |
1275 The `v' key in the label selection buffer toggles \ref versus \vref. | |
1276 | |
1277 *** New hooks | |
1278 | |
1279 Three new hooks can be used to redefine the way labels, references, | |
1280 and citations are created. These hooks are | |
1281 `reftex-format-label-function', `reftex-format-ref-function', | |
1282 `reftex-format-cite-function'. | |
1283 | |
1284 *** Citations outside LaTeX | |
1285 | |
1286 The command `reftex-citation' may also be used outside LaTeX (e.g. in | |
1287 a mail buffer). See the Info documentation for details. | |
1288 | |
1289 *** Short context is no longer fontified. | |
1290 | |
1291 The short context in the label menu no longer copies the | |
1292 fontification from the text in the buffer. If you prefer it to be | |
1293 fontified, use | |
1294 | |
1295 (setq reftex-refontify-context t) | |
1296 | |
1297 ** file-cache-minibuffer-complete now accepts a prefix argument. | |
1298 With a prefix argument, it does not try to do completion of | |
1299 the file name within its directory; it only checks for other | |
1300 directories that contain the same file name. | |
1301 | |
1302 Thus, given the file name Makefile, and assuming that a file | |
1303 Makefile.in exists in the same directory, ordinary | |
1304 file-cache-minibuffer-complete will try to complete Makefile to | |
1305 Makefile.in and will therefore never look for other directories that | |
1306 have Makefile. A prefix argument tells it not to look for longer | |
1307 names such as Makefile.in, so that instead it will look for other | |
1308 directories--just as if the name were already complete in its present | |
1309 directory. | |
1310 | |
1311 ** New modes and packages | |
1312 | |
1313 *** There is a new alternative major mode for Perl, Cperl mode. | |
1314 It has many more features than Perl mode, and some people prefer | |
1315 it, but some do not. | |
1316 | |
1317 *** There is a new major mode, M-x vhdl-mode, for editing files of VHDL | |
1318 code. | |
1319 | |
1320 *** M-x which-function-mode enables a minor mode that displays the | |
1321 current function name continuously in the mode line, as you move | |
1322 around in a buffer. | |
1323 | |
1324 Which Function mode is effective in major modes which support Imenu. | |
1325 | |
1326 *** Gametree is a major mode for editing game analysis trees. The author | |
1327 uses it for keeping notes about his postal Chess games, but it should | |
1328 be helpful for other two-player games as well, as long as they have an | |
1329 established system of notation similar to Chess. | |
1330 | |
1331 *** The new minor mode checkdoc-minor-mode provides Emacs Lisp | |
1332 documentation string checking for style and spelling. The style | |
1333 guidelines are found in the Emacs Lisp programming manual. | |
1334 | |
1335 *** The net-utils package makes some common networking features | |
1336 available in Emacs. Some of these functions are wrappers around | |
1337 system utilities (ping, nslookup, etc); others are implementations of | |
1338 simple protocols (finger, whois) in Emacs Lisp. There are also | |
1339 functions to make simple connections to TCP/IP ports for debugging and | |
1340 the like. | |
1341 | |
1342 *** highlight-changes-mode is a minor mode that uses colors to | |
1343 identify recently changed parts of the buffer text. | |
1344 | |
1345 *** The new package `midnight' lets you specify things to be done | |
1346 within Emacs at midnight--by default, kill buffers that you have not | |
1347 used in a considerable time. To use this feature, customize | |
1348 the user option `midnight-mode' to t. | |
1349 | |
1350 *** The file generic-x.el defines a number of simple major modes. | |
1351 | |
1352 apache-generic-mode: For Apache and NCSA httpd configuration files | |
1353 samba-generic-mode: Samba configuration files | |
1354 fvwm-generic-mode: For fvwm initialization files | |
1355 x-resource-generic-mode: For X resource files | |
1356 hosts-generic-mode: For hosts files (.rhosts, /etc/hosts, etc) | |
1357 mailagent-rules-generic-mode: For mailagent .rules files | |
1358 javascript-generic-mode: For JavaScript files | |
1359 vrml-generic-mode: For VRML files | |
1360 java-manifest-generic-mode: For Java MANIFEST files | |
1361 java-properties-generic-mode: For Java property files | |
1362 mailrc-generic-mode: For .mailrc files | |
1363 | |
1364 Platform-specific modes: | |
1365 | |
1366 prototype-generic-mode: For Solaris/Sys V prototype files | |
1367 pkginfo-generic-mode: For Solaris/Sys V pkginfo files | |
1368 alias-generic-mode: For C shell alias files | |
1369 inf-generic-mode: For MS-Windows INF files | |
1370 ini-generic-mode: For MS-Windows INI files | |
1371 reg-generic-mode: For MS-Windows Registry files | |
1372 bat-generic-mode: For MS-Windows BAT scripts | |
1373 rc-generic-mode: For MS-Windows Resource files | |
1374 rul-generic-mode: For InstallShield scripts | |
1375 | |
1376 * Lisp changes in Emacs 20.3 since the Emacs Lisp Manual was published | |
1377 | |
1378 ** If you want a Lisp file to be read in unibyte mode, | |
1379 use -*-unibyte: t;-*- on its first line. | |
1380 That will force Emacs to read that file in unibyte mode. | |
1381 Otherwise, the file will be loaded and byte-compiled in multibyte mode. | |
1382 | |
1383 Thus, each lisp file is read in a consistent way regardless of whether | |
1384 you started Emacs with --unibyte, so that a Lisp program gives | |
1385 consistent results regardless of how Emacs was started. | |
1386 | |
1387 ** The new function assoc-default is useful for searching an alist, | |
1388 and using a default value if the key is not found there. You can | |
1389 specify a comparison predicate, so this function is useful for | |
1390 searching comparing a string against an alist of regular expressions. | |
1391 | |
1392 ** The functions unibyte-char-to-multibyte and | |
1393 multibyte-char-to-unibyte convert between unibyte and multibyte | |
1394 character codes, in a way that is appropriate for the current language | |
1395 environment. | |
1396 | |
1397 ** The functions read-event, read-char and read-char-exclusive now | |
1398 take two optional arguments. PROMPT, if non-nil, specifies a prompt | |
1399 string. SUPPRESS-INPUT-METHOD, if non-nil, says to disable the | |
1400 current input method for reading this one event. | |
1401 | |
1402 ** Two new variables print-escape-nonascii and print-escape-multibyte | |
1403 now control whether to output certain characters as | |
1404 backslash-sequences. print-escape-nonascii applies to single-byte | |
1405 non-ASCII characters; print-escape-multibyte applies to multibyte | |
1406 characters. Both of these variables are used only when printing | |
1407 in readable fashion (prin1 uses them, princ does not). | |
1408 | |
1409 * Lisp changes in Emacs 20.3 before the Emacs Lisp Manual was published | |
1410 | |
1411 ** Compiled Emacs Lisp files made with the modified "MBSK" version | |
1412 of Emacs 20.2 do not work in Emacs 20.3. | |
1413 | |
1414 ** Buffer positions are now measured in characters, as they were | |
1415 in Emacs 19 and before. This means that (forward-char 1) | |
1416 always increases point by 1. | |
1417 | |
1418 The function chars-in-region now just subtracts its arguments. It is | |
1419 considered obsolete. The function char-boundary-p has been deleted. | |
1420 | |
1421 See below for additional changes relating to multibyte characters. | |
1422 | |
1423 ** defcustom, defface and defgroup now accept the keyword `:version'. | |
1424 Use this to specify in which version of Emacs a certain variable's | |
1425 default value changed. For example, | |
1426 | |
1427 (defcustom foo-max 34 "*Maximum number of foo's allowed." | |
1428 :type 'integer | |
1429 :group 'foo | |
1430 :version "20.3") | |
1431 | |
1432 (defgroup foo-group nil "The foo group." | |
1433 :version "20.3") | |
1434 | |
1435 If an entire new group is added or the variables in it have the | |
1436 default values changed, then just add a `:version' to that group. It | |
1437 is recommended that new packages added to the distribution contain a | |
1438 `:version' in the top level group. | |
1439 | |
1440 This information is used to control the customize-changed-options command. | |
1441 | |
1442 ** It is now an error to change the value of a symbol whose name | |
1443 starts with a colon--if it is interned in the standard obarray. | |
1444 | |
1445 However, setting such a symbol to its proper value, which is that | |
1446 symbol itself, is not an error. This is for the sake of programs that | |
1447 support previous Emacs versions by explicitly setting these variables | |
1448 to themselves. | |
1449 | |
1450 If you set the variable keyword-symbols-constant-flag to nil, | |
1451 this error is suppressed, and you can set these symbols to any | |
1452 values whatever. | |
1453 | |
1454 ** There is a new debugger command, R. | |
1455 It evaluates an expression like e, but saves the result | |
1456 in the buffer *Debugger-record*. | |
1457 | |
1458 ** Frame-local variables. | |
1459 | |
1460 You can now make a variable local to various frames. To do this, call | |
1461 the function make-variable-frame-local; this enables frames to have | |
1462 local bindings for that variable. | |
1463 | |
1464 These frame-local bindings are actually frame parameters: you create a | |
1465 frame-local binding in a specific frame by calling | |
1466 modify-frame-parameters and specifying the variable name as the | |
1467 parameter name. | |
1468 | |
1469 Buffer-local bindings take precedence over frame-local bindings. | |
1470 Thus, if the current buffer has a buffer-local binding, that binding is | |
1471 active; otherwise, if the selected frame has a frame-local binding, | |
1472 that binding is active; otherwise, the default binding is active. | |
1473 | |
1474 It would not be hard to implement window-local bindings, but it is not | |
1475 clear that this would be very useful; windows tend to come and go in a | |
1476 very transitory fashion, so that trying to produce any specific effect | |
1477 through a window-local binding would not be very robust. | |
1478 | |
1479 ** `sregexq' and `sregex' are two new functions for constructing | |
1480 "symbolic regular expressions." These are Lisp expressions that, when | |
1481 evaluated, yield conventional string-based regexps. The symbolic form | |
1482 makes it easier to construct, read, and maintain complex patterns. | |
1483 See the documentation in sregex.el. | |
1484 | |
1485 ** parse-partial-sexp's return value has an additional element which | |
1486 is used to pass information along if you pass it to another call to | |
1487 parse-partial-sexp, starting its scan where the first call ended. | |
1488 The contents of this field are not yet finalized. | |
1489 | |
1490 ** eval-region now accepts a fourth optional argument READ-FUNCTION. | |
1491 If it is non-nil, that function is used instead of `read'. | |
1492 | |
1493 ** unload-feature by default removes the feature's functions from | |
1494 known hooks to avoid trouble, but a package providing FEATURE can | |
1495 define a hook FEATURE-unload-hook to be run by unload-feature instead. | |
1496 | |
1497 ** read-from-minibuffer no longer returns the argument DEFAULT-VALUE | |
1498 when the user enters empty input. It now returns the null string, as | |
1499 it did in Emacs 19. The default value is made available in the | |
1500 history via M-n, but it is not applied here as a default. | |
1501 | |
1502 The other, more specialized minibuffer-reading functions continue to | |
1503 return the default value (not the null string) when the user enters | |
1504 empty input. | |
1505 | |
1506 ** The new variable read-buffer-function controls which routine to use | |
1507 for selecting buffers. For example, if you set this variable to | |
1508 `iswitchb-read-buffer', iswitchb will be used to read buffer names. | |
1509 Other functions can also be used if they accept the same arguments as | |
1510 `read-buffer' and return the selected buffer name as a string. | |
1511 | |
1512 ** The new function read-passwd reads a password from the terminal, | |
1513 echoing a period for each character typed. It takes three arguments: | |
1514 a prompt string, a flag which says "read it twice to make sure", and a | |
1515 default password to use if the user enters nothing. | |
1516 | |
1517 ** The variable fill-nobreak-predicate gives major modes a way to | |
1518 specify not to break a line at certain places. Its value is a | |
1519 function which is called with no arguments, with point located at the | |
1520 place where a break is being considered. If the function returns | |
1521 non-nil, then the line won't be broken there. | |
1522 | |
1523 ** window-end now takes an optional second argument, UPDATE. | |
1524 If this is non-nil, then the function always returns an accurate | |
1525 up-to-date value for the buffer position corresponding to the | |
1526 end of the window, even if this requires computation. | |
1527 | |
1528 ** other-buffer now takes an optional argument FRAME | |
1529 which specifies which frame's buffer list to use. | |
1530 If it is nil, that means use the selected frame's buffer list. | |
1531 | |
1532 ** The new variable buffer-display-time, always local in every buffer, | |
1533 holds the value of (current-time) as of the last time that a window | |
1534 was directed to display this buffer. | |
1535 | |
1536 ** It is now meaningful to compare two window-configuration objects | |
1537 with `equal'. Two window-configuration objects are equal if they | |
1538 describe equivalent arrangements of windows, in the same frame--in | |
1539 other words, if they would give the same results if passed to | |
1540 set-window-configuration. | |
1541 | |
1542 ** compare-window-configurations is a new function that compares two | |
1543 window configurations loosely. It ignores differences in saved buffer | |
1544 positions and scrolling, and considers only the structure and sizes of | |
1545 windows and the choice of buffers to display. | |
1546 | |
1547 ** The variable minor-mode-overriding-map-alist allows major modes to | |
1548 override the key bindings of a minor mode. The elements of this alist | |
1549 look like the elements of minor-mode-map-alist: (VARIABLE . KEYMAP). | |
1550 | |
1551 If the VARIABLE in an element of minor-mode-overriding-map-alist has a | |
1552 non-nil value, the paired KEYMAP is active, and totally overrides the | |
1553 map (if any) specified for the same variable in minor-mode-map-alist. | |
1554 | |
1555 minor-mode-overriding-map-alist is automatically local in all buffers, | |
1556 and it is meant to be set by major modes. | |
1557 | |
1558 ** The function match-string-no-properties is like match-string | |
1559 except that it discards all text properties from the result. | |
1560 | |
1561 ** The function load-average now accepts an optional argument | |
1562 USE-FLOATS. If it is non-nil, the load average values are returned as | |
1563 floating point numbers, rather than as integers to be divided by 100. | |
1564 | |
1565 ** The new variable temporary-file-directory specifies the directory | |
1566 to use for creating temporary files. The default value is determined | |
1567 in a reasonable way for your operating system; on GNU and Unix systems | |
1568 it is based on the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables. | |
1569 | |
1570 ** Menu changes | |
1571 | |
1572 *** easymenu.el now uses the new menu item format and supports the | |
1573 keywords :visible and :filter. The existing keyword :keys is now | |
1574 better supported. | |
1575 | |
1576 The variable `easy-menu-precalculate-equivalent-keybindings' controls | |
1577 a new feature which calculates keyboard equivalents for the menu when | |
1578 you define the menu. The default is t. If you rarely use menus, you | |
1579 can set the variable to nil to disable this precalculation feature; | |
1580 then the calculation is done only if you use the menu bar. | |
1581 | |
1582 *** A new format for menu items is supported. | |
1583 | |
1584 In a keymap, a key binding that has the format | |
1585 (STRING . REAL-BINDING) or (STRING HELP-STRING . REAL-BINDING) | |
1586 defines a menu item. Now a menu item definition may also be a list that | |
1587 starts with the symbol `menu-item'. | |
1588 | |
1589 The format is: | |
1590 (menu-item ITEM-NAME) or | |
1591 (menu-item ITEM-NAME REAL-BINDING . ITEM-PROPERTY-LIST) | |
1592 where ITEM-NAME is an expression which evaluates to the menu item | |
1593 string, and ITEM-PROPERTY-LIST has the form of a property list. | |
1594 The supported properties include | |
1595 | |
1596 :enable FORM Evaluate FORM to determine whether the | |
1597 item is enabled. | |
1598 :visible FORM Evaluate FORM to determine whether the | |
1599 item should appear in the menu. | |
1600 :filter FILTER-FN | |
1601 FILTER-FN is a function of one argument, | |
1602 which will be REAL-BINDING. | |
1603 It should return a binding to use instead. | |
1604 :keys DESCRIPTION | |
1605 DESCRIPTION is a string that describes an equivalent keyboard | |
1606 binding for for REAL-BINDING. DESCRIPTION is expanded with | |
1607 `substitute-command-keys' before it is used. | |
1608 :key-sequence KEY-SEQUENCE | |
1609 KEY-SEQUENCE is a key-sequence for an equivalent | |
1610 keyboard binding. | |
1611 :key-sequence nil | |
1612 This means that the command normally has no | |
1613 keyboard equivalent. | |
1614 :help HELP HELP is the extra help string (not currently used). | |
1615 :button (TYPE . SELECTED) | |
1616 TYPE is :toggle or :radio. | |
1617 SELECTED is a form, to be evaluated, and its | |
1618 value says whether this button is currently selected. | |
1619 | |
1620 Buttons are at the moment only simulated by prefixes in the menu. | |
1621 Eventually ordinary X-buttons may be supported. | |
1622 | |
1623 (menu-item ITEM-NAME) defines unselectable item. | |
1624 | |
1625 ** New event types | |
1626 | |
1627 *** The new event type `mouse-wheel' is generated by a wheel on a | |
1628 mouse (such as the MS Intellimouse). The event contains a delta that | |
1629 corresponds to the amount and direction that the wheel is rotated, | |
1630 which is typically used to implement a scroll or zoom. The format is: | |
1631 | |
1632 (mouse-wheel POSITION DELTA) | |
1633 | |
1634 where POSITION is a list describing the position of the event in the | |
1635 same format as a mouse-click event, and DELTA is a signed number | |
1636 indicating the number of increments by which the wheel was rotated. A | |
1637 negative DELTA indicates that the wheel was rotated backwards, towards | |
1638 the user, and a positive DELTA indicates that the wheel was rotated | |
1639 forward, away from the user. | |
1640 | |
1641 As of now, this event type is generated only on MS Windows. | |
1642 | |
1643 *** The new event type `drag-n-drop' is generated when a group of | |
1644 files is selected in an application outside of Emacs, and then dragged | |
1645 and dropped onto an Emacs frame. The event contains a list of | |
1646 filenames that were dragged and dropped, which are then typically | |
1647 loaded into Emacs. The format is: | |
1648 | |
1649 (drag-n-drop POSITION FILES) | |
1650 | |
1651 where POSITION is a list describing the position of the event in the | |
1652 same format as a mouse-click event, and FILES is the list of filenames | |
1653 that were dragged and dropped. | |
1654 | |
1655 As of now, this event type is generated only on MS Windows. | |
1656 | |
1657 ** Changes relating to multibyte characters. | |
1658 | |
1659 *** The variable enable-multibyte-characters is now read-only; | |
1660 any attempt to set it directly signals an error. The only way | |
1661 to change this value in an existing buffer is with set-buffer-multibyte. | |
1662 | |
1663 *** In a string constant, `\ ' now stands for "nothing at all". You | |
1664 can use it to terminate a hex escape which is followed by a character | |
1665 that could otherwise be read as part of the hex escape. | |
1666 | |
1667 *** String indices are now measured in characters, as they were | |
1668 in Emacs 19 and before. | |
1669 | |
1670 The function chars-in-string has been deleted. | |
1671 The function concat-chars has been renamed to `string'. | |
1672 | |
1673 *** The function set-buffer-multibyte sets the flag in the current | |
1674 buffer that says whether the buffer uses multibyte representation or | |
1675 unibyte representation. If the argument is nil, it selects unibyte | |
1676 representation. Otherwise it selects multibyte representation. | |
1677 | |
1678 This function does not change the contents of the buffer, viewed | |
1679 as a sequence of bytes. However, it does change the contents | |
1680 viewed as characters; a sequence of two bytes which is treated as | |
1681 one character when the buffer uses multibyte representation | |
1682 will count as two characters using unibyte representation. | |
1683 | |
1684 This function sets enable-multibyte-characters to record which | |
1685 representation is in use. It also adjusts various data in the buffer | |
1686 (including its markers, overlays and text properties) so that they are | |
1687 consistent with the new representation. | |
1688 | |
1689 *** string-make-multibyte takes a string and converts it to multibyte | |
1690 representation. Most of the time, you don't need to care | |
1691 about the representation, because Emacs converts when necessary; | |
1692 however, it makes a difference when you compare strings. | |
1693 | |
1694 The conversion of non-ASCII characters works by adding the value of | |
1695 nonascii-insert-offset to each character, or by translating them | |
1696 using the table nonascii-translation-table. | |
1697 | |
1698 *** string-make-unibyte takes a string and converts it to unibyte | |
1699 representation. Most of the time, you don't need to care about the | |
1700 representation, but it makes a difference when you compare strings. | |
1701 | |
1702 The conversion from multibyte to unibyte representation | |
1703 loses information; the only time Emacs performs it automatically | |
1704 is when inserting a multibyte string into a unibyte buffer. | |
1705 | |
1706 *** string-as-multibyte takes a string, and returns another string | |
1707 which contains the same bytes, but treats them as multibyte. | |
1708 | |
1709 *** string-as-unibyte takes a string, and returns another string | |
1710 which contains the same bytes, but treats them as unibyte. | |
1711 | |
1712 *** The new function compare-strings lets you compare | |
1713 portions of two strings. Unibyte strings are converted to multibyte, | |
1714 so that a unibyte string can match a multibyte string. | |
1715 You can specify whether to ignore case or not. | |
1716 | |
1717 *** assoc-ignore-case now uses compare-strings so that | |
1718 it can treat unibyte and multibyte strings as equal. | |
1719 | |
1720 *** Regular expression operations and buffer string searches now | |
1721 convert the search pattern to multibyte or unibyte to accord with the | |
1722 buffer or string being searched. | |
1723 | |
1724 One consequence is that you cannot always use \200-\377 inside of | |
1725 [...] to match all non-ASCII characters. This does still work when | |
1726 searching or matching a unibyte buffer or string, but not when | |
1727 searching or matching a multibyte string. Unfortunately, there is no | |
1728 obvious choice of syntax to use within [...] for that job. But, what | |
1729 you want is just to match all non-ASCII characters, the regular | |
1730 expression [^\0-\177] works for it. | |
1731 | |
1732 *** Structure of coding system changed. | |
1733 | |
1734 All coding systems (including aliases and subsidiaries) are named | |
1735 by symbols; the symbol's `coding-system' property is a vector | |
1736 which defines the coding system. Aliases share the same vector | |
1737 as the principal name, so that altering the contents of this | |
1738 vector affects the principal name and its aliases. You can define | |
1739 your own alias name of a coding system by the function | |
1740 define-coding-system-alias. | |
1741 | |
1742 The coding system definition includes a property list of its own. Use | |
1743 the new functions `coding-system-get' and `coding-system-put' to | |
1744 access such coding system properties as post-read-conversion, | |
1745 pre-write-conversion, character-translation-table-for-decode, | |
1746 character-translation-table-for-encode, mime-charset, and | |
1747 safe-charsets. For instance, (coding-system-get 'iso-latin-1 | |
1748 'mime-charset) gives the corresponding MIME-charset parameter | |
1749 `iso-8859-1'. | |
1750 | |
1751 Among the coding system properties listed above, safe-charsets is new. | |
1752 The value of this property is a list of character sets which this | |
1753 coding system can correctly encode and decode. For instance: | |
1754 (coding-system-get 'iso-latin-1 'safe-charsets) => (ascii latin-iso8859-1) | |
1755 | |
1756 Here, "correctly encode" means that the encoded character sets can | |
1757 also be handled safely by systems other than Emacs as far as they | |
1758 are capable of that coding system. Though, Emacs itself can encode | |
1759 the other character sets and read it back correctly. | |
1760 | |
1761 *** The new function select-safe-coding-system can be used to find a | |
1762 proper coding system for encoding the specified region or string. | |
1763 This function requires a user interaction. | |
1764 | |
1765 *** The new functions find-coding-systems-region and | |
1766 find-coding-systems-string are helper functions used by | |
1767 select-safe-coding-system. They return a list of all proper coding | |
1768 systems to encode a text in some region or string. If you don't want | |
1769 a user interaction, use one of these functions instead of | |
1770 select-safe-coding-system. | |
1771 | |
1772 *** The explicit encoding and decoding functions, such as | |
1773 decode-coding-region and encode-coding-string, now set | |
1774 last-coding-system-used to reflect the actual way encoding or decoding | |
1775 was done. | |
1776 | |
1777 *** The new function detect-coding-with-language-environment can be | |
1778 used to detect a coding system of text according to priorities of | |
1779 coding systems used by some specific language environment. | |
1780 | |
1781 *** The functions detect-coding-region and detect-coding-string always | |
1782 return a list if the arg HIGHEST is nil. Thus, if only ASCII | |
1783 characters are found, they now return a list of single element | |
1784 `undecided' or its subsidiaries. | |
1785 | |
1786 *** The new functions coding-system-change-eol-conversion and | |
1787 coding-system-change-text-conversion can be used to get a different | |
1788 coding system than what specified only in how end-of-line or text is | |
1789 converted. | |
1790 | |
1791 *** The new function set-selection-coding-system can be used to set a | |
1792 coding system for communicating with other X clients. | |
1793 | |
1794 *** The function `map-char-table' now passes as argument only valid | |
1795 character codes, plus generic characters that stand for entire | |
1796 character sets or entire subrows of a character set. In other words, | |
1797 each time `map-char-table' calls its FUNCTION argument, the key value | |
1798 either will be a valid individual character code, or will stand for a | |
1799 range of characters. | |
1800 | |
1801 *** The new function `char-valid-p' can be used for checking whether a | |
1802 Lisp object is a valid character code or not. | |
1803 | |
1804 *** The new function `charset-after' returns a charset of a character | |
1805 in the current buffer at position POS. | |
1806 | |
1807 *** Input methods are now implemented using the variable | |
1808 input-method-function. If this is non-nil, its value should be a | |
1809 function; then, whenever Emacs reads an input event that is a printing | |
1810 character with no modifier bits, it calls that function, passing the | |
1811 event as an argument. Often this function will read more input, first | |
1812 binding input-method-function to nil. | |
1813 | |
1814 The return value should be a list of the events resulting from input | |
1815 method processing. These events will be processed sequentially as | |
1816 input, before resorting to unread-command-events. Events returned by | |
1817 the input method function are not passed to the input method function, | |
1818 not even if they are printing characters with no modifier bits. | |
1819 | |
1820 The input method function is not called when reading the second and | |
1821 subsequent events of a key sequence. | |
1822 | |
1823 *** You can customize any language environment by using | |
1824 set-language-environment-hook and exit-language-environment-hook. | |
1825 | |
1826 The hook `exit-language-environment-hook' should be used to undo | |
1827 customizations that you made with set-language-environment-hook. For | |
1828 instance, if you set up a special key binding for a specific language | |
1829 environment by set-language-environment-hook, you should set up | |
1830 exit-language-environment-hook to restore the normal key binding. | |
1831 | |
1832 * Changes in Emacs 20.1 | |
1833 | |
1834 ** Emacs has a new facility for customization of its many user | |
1835 options. It is called M-x customize. With this facility you can look | |
1836 at the many user options in an organized way; they are grouped into a | |
1837 tree structure. | |
1838 | |
1839 M-x customize also knows what sorts of values are legitimate for each | |
1840 user option and ensures that you don't use invalid values. | |
1841 | |
1842 With M-x customize, you can set options either for the present Emacs | |
1843 session or permanently. (Permanent settings are stored automatically | |
1844 in your .emacs file.) | |
1845 | |
1846 ** Scroll bars are now on the left side of the window. | |
1847 You can change this with M-x customize-option scroll-bar-mode. | |
1848 | |
1849 ** The mode line no longer includes the string `Emacs'. | |
1850 This makes more space in the mode line for other information. | |
1851 | |
1852 ** When you select a region with the mouse, it is highlighted | |
1853 immediately afterward. At that time, if you type the DELETE key, it | |
1854 kills the region. | |
1855 | |
1856 The BACKSPACE key, and the ASCII character DEL, do not do this; they | |
1857 delete the character before point, as usual. | |
1858 | |
1859 ** In an incremental search the whole current match is highlighted | |
1860 on terminals which support this. (You can disable this feature | |
1861 by setting search-highlight to nil.) | |
1862 | |
1863 ** In the minibuffer, in some cases, you can now use M-n to | |
1864 insert the default value into the minibuffer as text. In effect, | |
1865 the default value (if the minibuffer routines know it) is tacked | |
1866 onto the history "in the future". (The more normal use of the | |
1867 history list is to use M-p to insert minibuffer input used in the | |
1868 past.) | |
1869 | |
1870 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs. | |
1871 This makes it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode | |
1872 in Text mode, and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode). | |
1873 TAB in Text mode now runs the command indent-relative; this | |
1874 makes a practical difference only when you use indented paragraphs. | |
1875 | |
1876 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode, | |
1877 and is an alias for it. | |
1878 | |
1879 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, | |
1880 use the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode. | |
1881 | |
1882 ** Scrolling changes | |
1883 | |
1884 *** Scroll commands to scroll a whole screen now preserve the screen | |
1885 position of the cursor, if scroll-preserve-screen-position is non-nil. | |
1886 | |
1887 In this mode, if you scroll several screens back and forth, finishing | |
1888 on the same screen where you started, the cursor goes back to the line | |
1889 where it started. | |
1890 | |
1891 *** If you set scroll-conservatively to a small number, then when you | |
1892 move point a short distance off the screen, Emacs will scroll the | |
1893 screen just far enough to bring point back on screen, provided that | |
1894 does not exceed `scroll-conservatively' lines. | |
1895 | |
1896 *** The new variable scroll-margin says how close point can come to the | |
1897 top or bottom of a window. It is a number of screen lines; if point | |
1898 comes within that many lines of the top or bottom of the window, Emacs | |
1899 recenters the window. | |
1900 | |
1901 ** International character set support (MULE) | |
1902 | |
1903 Emacs now supports a wide variety of international character sets, | |
1904 including European variants of the Latin alphabet, as well as Chinese, | |
1905 Devanagari (Hindi and Marathi), Ethiopian, Greek, IPA, Japanese, | |
1906 Korean, Lao, Russian, Thai, Tibetan, and Vietnamese scripts. These | |
1907 features have been merged from the modified version of Emacs known as | |
1908 MULE (for "MULti-lingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs") | |
1909 | |
1910 Users of these scripts have established many more-or-less standard | |
1911 coding systems for storing files. Emacs uses a single multibyte | |
1912 character encoding within Emacs buffers; it can translate from a wide | |
1913 variety of coding systems when reading a file and can translate back | |
1914 into any of these coding systems when saving a file. | |
1915 | |
1916 Keyboards, even in the countries where these character sets are used, | |
1917 generally don't have keys for all the characters in them. So Emacs | |
1918 supports various "input methods", typically one for each script or | |
1919 language, to make it possible to type them. | |
1920 | |
1921 The Emacs internal multibyte encoding represents a non-ASCII | |
1922 character as a sequence of bytes in the range 0200 through 0377. | |
1923 | |
1924 The new prefix key C-x RET is used for commands that pertain | |
1925 to multibyte characters, coding systems, and input methods. | |
1926 | |
1927 You can disable multibyte character support as follows: | |
1928 | |
1929 (setq-default enable-multibyte-characters nil) | |
1930 | |
1931 Calling the function standard-display-european turns off multibyte | |
1932 characters, unless you specify a non-nil value for the second | |
1933 argument, AUTO. This provides compatibility for people who are | |
1934 already using standard-display-european to continue using unibyte | |
1935 characters for their work until they want to change. | |
1936 | |
1937 *** Input methods | |
1938 | |
1939 An input method is a kind of character conversion which is designed | |
1940 specifically for interactive input. In Emacs, typically each language | |
1941 has its own input method (though sometimes several languages which use | |
1942 the same characters can share one input method). Some languages | |
1943 support several input methods. | |
1944 | |
1945 The simplest kind of input method works by mapping ASCII letters into | |
1946 another alphabet. This is how the Greek and Russian input methods | |
1947 work. | |
1948 | |
1949 A more powerful technique is composition: converting sequences of | |
1950 characters into one letter. Many European input methods use | |
1951 composition to produce a single non-ASCII letter from a sequence which | |
1952 consists of a letter followed by diacritics. For example, a' is one | |
1953 sequence of two characters that might be converted into a single | |
1954 letter. | |
1955 | |
1956 The input methods for syllabic scripts typically use mapping followed | |
1957 by conversion. The input methods for Thai and Korean work this way. | |
1958 First, letters are mapped into symbols for particular sounds or tone | |
1959 marks; then, sequences of these which make up a whole syllable are | |
1960 mapped into one syllable sign--most often a "composite character". | |
1961 | |
1962 None of these methods works very well for Chinese and Japanese, so | |
1963 they are handled specially. First you input a whole word using | |
1964 phonetic spelling; then, after the word is in the buffer, Emacs | |
1965 converts it into one or more characters using a large dictionary. | |
1966 | |
1967 Since there is more than one way to represent a phonetically spelled | |
1968 word using Chinese characters, Emacs can only guess which one to use; | |
1969 typically these input methods give you a way to say "guess again" if | |
1970 the first guess is wrong. | |
1971 | |
1972 *** The command C-x RET m (toggle-enable-multibyte-characters) | |
1973 turns multibyte character support on or off for the current buffer. | |
1974 | |
1975 If multibyte character support is turned off in a buffer, then each | |
1976 byte is a single character, even codes 0200 through 0377--exactly as | |
1977 they did in Emacs 19.34. This includes the features for support for | |
1978 the European characters, ISO Latin-1 and ISO Latin-2. | |
1979 | |
1980 However, there is no need to turn off multibyte character support to | |
1981 use ISO Latin-1 or ISO Latin-2; the Emacs multibyte character set | |
1982 includes all the characters in these character sets, and Emacs can | |
1983 translate automatically to and from either one. | |
1984 | |
1985 *** Visiting a file in unibyte mode. | |
1986 | |
1987 Turning off multibyte character support in the buffer after visiting a | |
1988 file with multibyte code conversion will display the multibyte | |
1989 sequences already in the buffer, byte by byte. This is probably not | |
1990 what you want. | |
1991 | |
1992 If you want to edit a file of unibyte characters (Latin-1, for | |
1993 example), you can do it by specifying `no-conversion' as the coding | |
1994 system when reading the file. This coding system also turns off | |
1995 multibyte characters in that buffer. | |
1996 | |
1997 If you turn off multibyte character support entirely, this turns off | |
1998 character conversion as well. | |
1999 | |
2000 *** Displaying international characters on X Windows. | |
2001 | |
2002 A font for X typically displays just one alphabet or script. | |
2003 Therefore, displaying the entire range of characters Emacs supports | |
2004 requires using many fonts. | |
2005 | |
2006 Therefore, Emacs now supports "fontsets". Each fontset is a | |
2007 collection of fonts, each assigned to a range of character codes. | |
2008 | |
2009 A fontset has a name, like a font. Individual fonts are defined by | |
2010 the X server; fontsets are defined within Emacs itself. But once you | |
2011 have defined a fontset, you can use it in a face or a frame just as | |
2012 you would use a font. | |
2013 | |
2014 If a fontset specifies no font for a certain character, or if it | |
2015 specifies a font that does not exist on your system, then it cannot | |
2016 display that character. It will display an empty box instead. | |
2017 | |
2018 The fontset height and width are determined by the ASCII characters | |
2019 (that is, by the font in the fontset which is used for ASCII | |
2020 characters). If another font in the fontset has a different height, | |
2021 or the wrong width, then characters assigned to that font are clipped, | |
2022 and displayed within a box if highlight-wrong-size-font is non-nil. | |
2023 | |
2024 *** Defining fontsets. | |
2025 | |
2026 Emacs does not use any fontset by default. Its default font is still | |
2027 chosen as in previous versions. You can tell Emacs to use a fontset | |
2028 with the `-fn' option or the `Font' X resource. | |
2029 | |
2030 Emacs creates a standard fontset automatically according to the value | |
2031 of standard-fontset-spec. This fontset's short name is | |
2032 `fontset-standard'. Bold, italic, and bold-italic variants of the | |
2033 standard fontset are created automatically. | |
2034 | |
2035 If you specify a default ASCII font with the `Font' resource or `-fn' | |
2036 argument, a fontset is generated from it. This works by replacing the | |
2037 FOUNDARY, FAMILY, ADD_STYLE, and AVERAGE_WIDTH fields of the font name | |
2038 with `*' then using this to specify a fontset. This fontset's short | |
2039 name is `fontset-startup'. | |
2040 | |
2041 Emacs checks resources of the form Fontset-N where N is 0, 1, 2... | |
2042 The resource value should have this form: | |
2043 FONTSET-NAME, [CHARSET-NAME:FONT-NAME]... | |
2044 FONTSET-NAME should have the form of a standard X font name, except: | |
2045 * most fields should be just the wild card "*". | |
2046 * the CHARSET_REGISTRY field should be "fontset" | |
2047 * the CHARSET_ENCODING field can be any nickname of the fontset. | |
2048 The construct CHARSET-NAME:FONT-NAME can be repeated any number | |
2049 of times; each time specifies the font for one character set. | |
2050 CHARSET-NAME should be the name name of a character set, and | |
2051 FONT-NAME should specify an actual font to use for that character set. | |
2052 | |
2053 Each of these fontsets has an alias which is made from the | |
2054 last two font name fields, CHARSET_REGISTRY and CHARSET_ENCODING. | |
2055 You can refer to the fontset by that alias or by its full name. | |
2056 | |
2057 For any character sets that you don't mention, Emacs tries to choose a | |
2058 font by substituting into FONTSET-NAME. For instance, with the | |
2059 following resource, | |
2060 Emacs*Fontset-0: -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24 | |
2061 the font for ASCII is generated as below: | |
2062 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-ISO8859-1 | |
2063 Here is the substitution rule: | |
2064 Change CHARSET_REGISTRY and CHARSET_ENCODING to that of the charset | |
2065 defined in the variable x-charset-registries. For instance, ASCII has | |
2066 the entry (ascii . "ISO8859-1") in this variable. Then, reduce | |
2067 sequences of wild cards -*-...-*- with a single wildcard -*-. | |
2068 (This is to prevent use of auto-scaled fonts.) | |
2069 | |
2070 The function which processes the fontset resource value to create the | |
2071 fontset is called create-fontset-from-fontset-spec. You can also call | |
2072 that function explicitly to create a fontset. | |
2073 | |
2074 With the X resource Emacs.Font, you can specify a fontset name just | |
2075 like an actual font name. But be careful not to specify a fontset | |
2076 name in a wildcard resource like Emacs*Font--that tries to specify the | |
2077 fontset for other purposes including menus, and they cannot handle | |
2078 fontsets. | |
2079 | |
2080 *** The command M-x set-language-environment sets certain global Emacs | |
2081 defaults for a particular choice of language. | |
2082 | |
2083 Selecting a language environment typically specifies a default input | |
2084 method and which coding systems to recognize automatically when | |
2085 visiting files. However, it does not try to reread files you have | |
2086 already visited; the text in those buffers is not affected. The | |
2087 language environment may also specify a default choice of coding | |
2088 system for new files that you create. | |
2089 | |
2090 It makes no difference which buffer is current when you use | |
2091 set-language-environment, because these defaults apply globally to the | |
2092 whole Emacs session. | |
2093 | |
2094 For example, M-x set-language-environment RET Latin-1 RET | |
2095 chooses the Latin-1 character set. In the .emacs file, you can do this | |
2096 with (set-language-environment "Latin-1"). | |
2097 | |
2098 *** The command C-x RET f (set-buffer-file-coding-system) | |
2099 specifies the file coding system for the current buffer. This | |
2100 specifies what sort of character code translation to do when saving | |
2101 the file. As an argument, you must specify the name of one of the | |
2102 coding systems that Emacs supports. | |
2103 | |
2104 *** The command C-x RET c (universal-coding-system-argument) | |
2105 lets you specify a coding system when you read or write a file. | |
2106 This command uses the minibuffer to read a coding system name. | |
2107 After you exit the minibuffer, the specified coding system | |
2108 is used for *the immediately following command*. | |
2109 | |
2110 So if the immediately following command is a command to read or | |
2111 write a file, it uses the specified coding system for that file. | |
2112 | |
2113 If the immediately following command does not use the coding system, | |
2114 then C-x RET c ultimately has no effect. | |
2115 | |
2116 For example, C-x RET c iso-8859-1 RET C-x C-f temp RET | |
2117 visits the file `temp' treating it as ISO Latin-1. | |
2118 | |
2119 *** You can specify the coding system for a file using the -*- | |
2120 construct. Include `coding: CODINGSYSTEM;' inside the -*-...-*- | |
2121 to specify use of coding system CODINGSYSTEM. You can also | |
2122 specify the coding system in a local variable list at the end | |
2123 of the file. | |
2124 | |
2125 *** The command C-x RET t (set-terminal-coding-system) specifies | |
2126 the coding system for terminal output. If you specify a character | |
2127 code for terminal output, all characters output to the terminal are | |
2128 translated into that character code. | |
2129 | |
2130 This feature is useful for certain character-only terminals built in | |
2131 various countries to support the languages of those countries. | |
2132 | |
2133 By default, output to the terminal is not translated at all. | |
2134 | |
2135 *** The command C-x RET k (set-keyboard-coding-system) specifies | |
2136 the coding system for keyboard input. | |
2137 | |
2138 Character code translation of keyboard input is useful for terminals | |
2139 with keys that send non-ASCII graphic characters--for example, | |
2140 some terminals designed for ISO Latin-1 or subsets of it. | |
2141 | |
2142 By default, keyboard input is not translated at all. | |
2143 | |
2144 Character code translation of keyboard input is similar to using an | |
2145 input method, in that both define sequences of keyboard input that | |
2146 translate into single characters. However, input methods are designed | |
2147 to be convenient for interactive use, while the code translations are | |
2148 designed to work with terminals. | |
2149 | |
2150 *** The command C-x RET p (set-buffer-process-coding-system) | |
2151 specifies the coding system for input and output to a subprocess. | |
2152 This command applies to the current buffer; normally, each subprocess | |
2153 has its own buffer, and thus you can use this command to specify | |
2154 translation to and from a particular subprocess by giving the command | |
2155 in the corresponding buffer. | |
2156 | |
2157 By default, process input and output are not translated at all. | |
2158 | |
2159 *** The variable file-name-coding-system specifies the coding system | |
2160 to use for encoding file names before operating on them. | |
2161 It is also used for decoding file names obtained from the system. | |
2162 | |
2163 *** The command C-\ (toggle-input-method) activates or deactivates | |
2164 an input method. If no input method has been selected before, the | |
2165 command prompts for you to specify the language and input method you | |
2166 want to use. | |
2167 | |
2168 C-u C-\ (select-input-method) lets you switch to a different input | |
2169 method. C-h C-\ (or C-h I) describes the current input method. | |
2170 | |
2171 *** Some input methods remap the keyboard to emulate various keyboard | |
2172 layouts commonly used for particular scripts. How to do this | |
2173 remapping properly depends on your actual keyboard layout. To specify | |
2174 which layout your keyboard has, use M-x quail-set-keyboard-layout. | |
2175 | |
2176 *** The command C-h C (describe-coding-system) displays | |
2177 the coding systems currently selected for various purposes, plus | |
2178 related information. | |
2179 | |
2180 *** The command C-h h (view-hello-file) displays a file called | |
2181 HELLO, which has examples of text in many languages, using various | |
2182 scripts. | |
2183 | |
2184 *** The command C-h L (describe-language-support) displays | |
2185 information about the support for a particular language. | |
2186 You specify the language as an argument. | |
2187 | |
2188 *** The mode line now contains a letter or character that identifies | |
2189 the coding system used in the visited file. It normally follows the | |
2190 first dash. | |
2191 | |
2192 A dash indicates the default state of affairs: no code conversion | |
2193 (except CRLF => newline if appropriate). `=' means no conversion | |
2194 whatsoever. The ISO 8859 coding systems are represented by digits | |
2195 1 through 9. Other coding systems are represented by letters: | |
2196 | |
2197 A alternativnyj (Russian) | |
2198 B big5 (Chinese) | |
2199 C cn-gb-2312 (Chinese) | |
2200 C iso-2022-cn (Chinese) | |
2201 D in-is13194-devanagari (Indian languages) | |
2202 E euc-japan (Japanese) | |
2203 I iso-2022-cjk or iso-2022-ss2 (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) | |
2204 J junet (iso-2022-7) or old-jis (iso-2022-jp-1978-irv) (Japanese) | |
2205 K euc-korea (Korean) | |
2206 R koi8 (Russian) | |
2207 Q tibetan | |
2208 S shift_jis (Japanese) | |
2209 T lao | |
2210 T tis620 (Thai) | |
2211 V viscii or vscii (Vietnamese) | |
2212 i iso-2022-lock (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) | |
2213 k iso-2022-kr (Korean) | |
2214 v viqr (Vietnamese) | |
2215 z hz (Chinese) | |
2216 | |
2217 When you are using a character-only terminal (not a window system), | |
2218 two additional characters appear in between the dash and the file | |
2219 coding system. These two characters describe the coding system for | |
2220 keyboard input, and the coding system for terminal output. | |
2221 | |
2222 *** The new variable rmail-file-coding-system specifies the code | |
2223 conversion to use for RMAIL files. The default value is nil. | |
2224 | |
2225 When you read mail with Rmail, each message is decoded automatically | |
2226 into Emacs' internal format. This has nothing to do with | |
2227 rmail-file-coding-system. That variable controls reading and writing | |
2228 Rmail files themselves. | |
2229 | |
2230 *** The new variable sendmail-coding-system specifies the code | |
2231 conversion for outgoing mail. The default value is nil. | |
2232 | |
2233 Actually, there are three different ways of specifying the coding system | |
2234 for sending mail: | |
2235 | |
2236 - If you use C-x RET f in the mail buffer, that takes priority. | |
2237 - Otherwise, if you set sendmail-coding-system non-nil, that specifies it. | |
2238 - Otherwise, the default coding system for new files is used, | |
2239 if that is non-nil. That comes from your language environment. | |
2240 - Otherwise, Latin-1 is used. | |
2241 | |
2242 *** The command C-h t (help-with-tutorial) accepts a prefix argument | |
2243 to specify the language for the tutorial file. Currently, English, | |
2244 Japanese, Korean and Thai are supported. We welcome additional | |
2245 translations. | |
2246 | |
2247 ** An easy new way to visit a file with no code or format conversion | |
2248 of any kind: Use M-x find-file-literally. There is also a command | |
2249 insert-file-literally which inserts a file into the current buffer | |
2250 without any conversion. | |
2251 | |
2252 ** C-q's handling of octal character codes is changed. | |
2253 You can now specify any number of octal digits. | |
2254 RET terminates the digits and is discarded; | |
2255 any other non-digit terminates the digits and is then used as input. | |
2256 | |
2257 ** There are new commands for looking up Info documentation for | |
2258 functions, variables and file names used in your programs. | |
2259 | |
2260 Type M-x info-lookup-symbol to look up a symbol in the buffer at point. | |
2261 Type M-x info-lookup-file to look up a file in the buffer at point. | |
2262 | |
2263 Precisely which Info files are used to look it up depends on the major | |
2264 mode. For example, in C mode, the GNU libc manual is used. | |
2265 | |
2266 ** M-TAB in most programming language modes now runs the command | |
2267 complete-symbol. This command performs completion on the symbol name | |
2268 in the buffer before point. | |
2269 | |
2270 With a numeric argument, it performs completion based on the set of | |
2271 symbols documented in the Info files for the programming language that | |
2272 you are using. | |
2273 | |
2274 With no argument, it does completion based on the current tags tables, | |
2275 just like the old binding of M-TAB (complete-tag). | |
2276 | |
2277 ** File locking works with NFS now. | |
2278 | |
2279 The lock file for FILENAME is now a symbolic link named .#FILENAME, | |
2280 in the same directory as FILENAME. | |
2281 | |
2282 This means that collision detection between two different machines now | |
2283 works reasonably well; it also means that no file server or directory | |
2284 can become a bottleneck. | |
2285 | |
2286 The new method does have drawbacks. It means that collision detection | |
2287 does not operate when you edit a file in a directory where you cannot | |
2288 create new files. Collision detection also doesn't operate when the | |
2289 file server does not support symbolic links. But these conditions are | |
2290 rare, and the ability to have collision detection while using NFS is | |
2291 so useful that the change is worth while. | |
2292 | |
2293 When Emacs or a system crashes, this may leave behind lock files which | |
2294 are stale. So you may occasionally get warnings about spurious | |
2295 collisions. When you determine that the collision is spurious, just | |
2296 tell Emacs to go ahead anyway. | |
2297 | |
2298 ** If you wish to use Show Paren mode to display matching parentheses, | |
2299 it is no longer sufficient to load paren.el. Instead you must call | |
2300 show-paren-mode. | |
2301 | |
2302 ** If you wish to use Delete Selection mode to replace a highlighted | |
2303 selection when you insert new text, it is no longer sufficient to load | |
2304 delsel.el. Instead you must call the function delete-selection-mode. | |
2305 | |
2306 ** If you wish to use Partial Completion mode to complete partial words | |
2307 within symbols or filenames, it is no longer sufficient to load | |
2308 complete.el. Instead you must call the function partial-completion-mode. | |
2309 | |
2310 ** If you wish to use uniquify to rename buffers for you, | |
2311 it is no longer sufficient to load uniquify.el. You must also | |
2312 set uniquify-buffer-name-style to one of the non-nil legitimate values. | |
2313 | |
2314 ** Changes in View mode. | |
2315 | |
2316 *** Several new commands are available in View mode. | |
2317 Do H in view mode for a list of commands. | |
2318 | |
2319 *** There are two new commands for entering View mode: | |
2320 view-file-other-frame and view-buffer-other-frame. | |
2321 | |
2322 *** Exiting View mode does a better job of restoring windows to their | |
2323 previous state. | |
2324 | |
2325 *** New customization variable view-scroll-auto-exit. If non-nil, | |
2326 scrolling past end of buffer makes view mode exit. | |
2327 | |
2328 *** New customization variable view-exits-all-viewing-windows. If | |
2329 non-nil, view-mode will at exit restore all windows viewing buffer, | |
2330 not just the selected window. | |
2331 | |
2332 *** New customization variable view-read-only. If non-nil, visiting a | |
2333 read-only file automatically enters View mode, and toggle-read-only | |
2334 turns View mode on or off. | |
2335 | |
2336 *** New customization variable view-remove-frame-by-deleting controls | |
2337 how to remove a not needed frame at view mode exit. If non-nil, | |
2338 delete the frame, if nil make an icon of it. | |
2339 | |
2340 ** C-x v l, the command to print a file's version control log, | |
2341 now positions point at the entry for the file's current branch version. | |
2342 | |
2343 ** C-x v =, the command to compare a file with the last checked-in version, | |
2344 has a new feature. If the file is currently not locked, so that it is | |
2345 presumably identical to the last checked-in version, the command now asks | |
2346 which version to compare with. | |
2347 | |
2348 ** When using hideshow.el, incremental search can temporarily show hidden | |
2349 blocks if a match is inside the block. | |
2350 | |
2351 The block is hidden again if the search is continued and the next match | |
2352 is outside the block. By customizing the variable | |
2353 isearch-hide-immediately you can choose to hide all the temporarily | |
2354 shown blocks only when exiting from incremental search. | |
2355 | |
2356 By customizing the variable hs-isearch-open you can choose what kind | |
2357 of blocks to temporarily show during isearch: comment blocks, code | |
2358 blocks, all of them or none. | |
2359 | |
2360 ** The new command C-x 4 0 (kill-buffer-and-window) kills the | |
2361 current buffer and deletes the selected window. It asks for | |
2362 confirmation first. | |
2363 | |
2364 ** C-x C-w, which saves the buffer into a specified file name, | |
2365 now changes the major mode according to that file name. | |
2366 However, the mode will not be changed if | |
2367 (1) a local variables list or the `-*-' line specifies a major mode, or | |
2368 (2) the current major mode is a "special" mode, | |
2369 not suitable for ordinary files, or | |
2370 (3) the new file name does not particularly specify any mode. | |
2371 | |
2372 This applies to M-x set-visited-file-name as well. | |
2373 | |
2374 However, if you set change-major-mode-with-file-name to nil, then | |
2375 these commands do not change the major mode. | |
2376 | |
2377 ** M-x occur changes. | |
2378 | |
2379 *** If the argument to M-x occur contains upper case letters, | |
2380 it performs a case-sensitive search. | |
2381 | |
2382 *** In the *Occur* buffer made by M-x occur, | |
2383 if you type g or M-x revert-buffer, this repeats the search | |
2384 using the same regular expression and the same buffer as before. | |
2385 | |
2386 ** In Transient Mark mode, the region in any one buffer is highlighted | |
2387 in just one window at a time. At first, it is highlighted in the | |
2388 window where you set the mark. The buffer's highlighting remains in | |
2389 that window unless you select to another window which shows the same | |
2390 buffer--then the highlighting moves to that window. | |
2391 | |
2392 ** The feature to suggest key bindings when you use M-x now operates | |
2393 after the command finishes. The message suggesting key bindings | |
2394 appears temporarily in the echo area. The previous echo area contents | |
2395 come back after a few seconds, in case they contain useful information. | |
2396 | |
2397 ** Each frame now independently records the order for recently | |
2398 selected buffers, so that the default for C-x b is now based on the | |
2399 buffers recently selected in the selected frame. | |
2400 | |
2401 ** Outline mode changes. | |
2402 | |
2403 *** Outline mode now uses overlays (this is the former noutline.el). | |
2404 | |
2405 *** Incremental searches skip over invisible text in Outline mode. | |
2406 | |
2407 ** When a minibuffer window is active but not the selected window, if | |
2408 you try to use the minibuffer, you used to get a nested minibuffer. | |
2409 Now, this not only gives an error, it also cancels the minibuffer that | |
2410 was already active. | |
2411 | |
2412 The motive for this change is so that beginning users do not | |
2413 unknowingly move away from minibuffers, leaving them active, and then | |
2414 get confused by it. | |
2415 | |
2416 If you want to be able to have recursive minibuffers, you must | |
2417 set enable-recursive-minibuffers to non-nil. | |
2418 | |
2419 ** Changes in dynamic abbrevs. | |
2420 | |
2421 *** Expanding dynamic abbrevs with M-/ is now smarter about case | |
2422 conversion. If the expansion has mixed case not counting the first | |
2423 character, and the abbreviation matches the beginning of the expansion | |
2424 including case, then the expansion is copied verbatim. | |
2425 | |
2426 The expansion is also copied verbatim if the abbreviation itself has | |
2427 mixed case. And using SPC M-/ to copy an additional word always | |
2428 copies it verbatim except when the previous copied word is all caps. | |
2429 | |
2430 *** The values of `dabbrev-case-replace' and `dabbrev-case-fold-search' | |
2431 are no longer Lisp expressions. They have simply three possible | |
2432 values. | |
2433 | |
2434 `dabbrev-case-replace' has these three values: nil (don't preserve | |
2435 case), t (do), or `case-replace' (do like M-x query-replace). | |
2436 `dabbrev-case-fold-search' has these three values: nil (don't ignore | |
2437 case), t (do), or `case-fold-search' (do like search). | |
2438 | |
2439 ** Minibuffer history lists are truncated automatically now to a | |
2440 certain length. The variable history-length specifies how long they | |
2441 can be. The default value is 30. | |
2442 | |
2443 ** Changes in Mail mode. | |
2444 | |
2445 *** The key C-x m no longer runs the `mail' command directly. | |
2446 Instead, it runs the command `compose-mail', which invokes the mail | |
2447 composition mechanism you have selected with the variable | |
2448 `mail-user-agent'. The default choice of user agent is | |
2449 `sendmail-user-agent', which gives behavior compatible with the old | |
2450 behavior. | |
2451 | |
2452 C-x 4 m now runs compose-mail-other-window, and C-x 5 m runs | |
2453 compose-mail-other-frame. | |
2454 | |
2455 *** While composing a reply to a mail message, from Rmail, you can use | |
2456 the command C-c C-r to cite just the region from the message you are | |
2457 replying to. This copies the text which is the selected region in the | |
2458 buffer that shows the original message. | |
2459 | |
2460 *** The command C-c C-i inserts a file at the end of the message, | |
2461 with separator lines around the contents. | |
2462 | |
2463 *** The command M-x expand-mail-aliases expands all mail aliases | |
2464 in suitable mail headers. Emacs automatically extracts mail alias | |
2465 definitions from your mail alias file (e.g., ~/.mailrc). You do not | |
2466 need to expand mail aliases yourself before sending mail. | |
2467 | |
2468 *** New features in the mail-complete command. | |
2469 | |
2470 **** The mail-complete command now inserts the user's full name, | |
2471 for local users or if that is known. The variable mail-complete-style | |
2472 controls the style to use, and whether to do this at all. | |
2473 Its values are like those of mail-from-style. | |
2474 | |
2475 **** The variable mail-passwd-command lets you specify a shell command | |
2476 to run to fetch a set of password-entries that add to the ones in | |
2477 /etc/passwd. | |
2478 | |
2479 **** The variable mail-passwd-file now specifies a list of files to read | |
2480 to get the list of user ids. By default, one file is used: | |
2481 /etc/passwd. | |
2482 | |
2483 ** You can "quote" a file name to inhibit special significance of | |
2484 special syntax, by adding `/:' to the beginning. Thus, if you have a | |
2485 directory named `/foo:', you can prevent it from being treated as a | |
2486 reference to a remote host named `foo' by writing it as `/:/foo:'. | |
2487 | |
2488 Emacs uses this new construct automatically when necessary, such as | |
2489 when you start it with a working directory whose name might otherwise | |
2490 be taken to be magic. | |
2491 | |
2492 ** There is a new command M-x grep-find which uses find to select | |
2493 files to search through, and grep to scan them. The output is | |
2494 available in a Compile mode buffer, as with M-x grep. | |
2495 | |
2496 M-x grep now uses the -e option if the grep program supports that. | |
2497 (-e prevents problems if the search pattern starts with a dash.) | |
2498 | |
2499 ** In Dired, the & command now flags for deletion the files whose names | |
2500 suggest they are probably not needed in the long run. | |
2501 | |
2502 In Dired, * is now a prefix key for mark-related commands. | |
2503 | |
2504 new key dired.el binding old key | |
2505 ------- ---------------- ------- | |
2506 * c dired-change-marks c | |
2507 * m dired-mark m | |
2508 * * dired-mark-executables * (binding deleted) | |
2509 * / dired-mark-directories / (binding deleted) | |
2510 * @ dired-mark-symlinks @ (binding deleted) | |
2511 * u dired-unmark u | |
2512 * DEL dired-unmark-backward DEL | |
2513 * ? dired-unmark-all-files M-C-? | |
2514 * ! dired-unmark-all-marks | |
2515 * % dired-mark-files-regexp % m | |
2516 * C-n dired-next-marked-file M-} | |
2517 * C-p dired-prev-marked-file M-{ | |
2518 | |
2519 ** Rmail changes. | |
2520 | |
2521 *** When Rmail cannot convert your incoming mail into Babyl format, it | |
2522 saves the new mail in the file RMAILOSE.n, where n is an integer | |
2523 chosen to make a unique name. This way, Rmail will not keep crashing | |
2524 each time you run it. | |
2525 | |
2526 *** In Rmail, the variable rmail-summary-line-count-flag now controls | |
2527 whether to include the line count in the summary. Non-nil means yes. | |
2528 | |
2529 *** In Rmail summary buffers, d and C-d (the commands to delete | |
2530 messages) now take repeat counts as arguments. A negative argument | |
2531 means to move in the opposite direction. | |
2532 | |
2533 *** In Rmail, the t command now takes an optional argument which lets | |
2534 you specify whether to show the message headers in full or pruned. | |
2535 | |
2536 *** In Rmail, the new command w (rmail-output-body-to-file) writes | |
2537 just the body of the current message into a file, without the headers. | |
2538 It takes the file name from the message subject, by default, but you | |
2539 can edit that file name in the minibuffer before it is actually used | |
2540 for output. | |
2541 | |
2542 ** Gnus changes. | |
2543 | |
2544 *** nntp.el has been totally rewritten in an asynchronous fashion. | |
2545 | |
2546 *** Article prefetching functionality has been moved up into | |
2547 Gnus. | |
2548 | |
2549 *** Scoring can now be performed with logical operators like | |
2550 `and', `or', `not', and parent redirection. | |
2551 | |
2552 *** Article washing status can be displayed in the | |
2553 article mode line. | |
2554 | |
2555 *** gnus.el has been split into many smaller files. | |
2556 | |
2557 *** Suppression of duplicate articles based on Message-ID. | |
2558 | |
2559 (setq gnus-suppress-duplicates t) | |
2560 | |
2561 *** New variables for specifying what score and adapt files | |
2562 are to be considered home score and adapt files. See | |
2563 `gnus-home-score-file' and `gnus-home-adapt-files'. | |
2564 | |
2565 *** Groups can inherit group parameters from parent topics. | |
2566 | |
2567 *** Article editing has been revamped and is now usable. | |
2568 | |
2569 *** Signatures can be recognized in more intelligent fashions. | |
2570 See `gnus-signature-separator' and `gnus-signature-limit'. | |
2571 | |
2572 *** Summary pick mode has been made to look more nn-like. | |
2573 Line numbers are displayed and the `.' command can be | |
2574 used to pick articles. | |
2575 | |
2576 *** Commands for moving the .newsrc.eld from one server to | |
2577 another have been added. | |
2578 | |
2579 `M-x gnus-change-server' | |
2580 | |
2581 *** A way to specify that "uninteresting" fields be suppressed when | |
2582 generating lines in buffers. | |
2583 | |
2584 *** Several commands in the group buffer can be undone with | |
2585 `M-C-_'. | |
2586 | |
2587 *** Scoring can be done on words using the new score type `w'. | |
2588 | |
2589 *** Adaptive scoring can be done on a Subject word-by-word basis: | |
2590 | |
2591 (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring '(word)) | |
2592 | |
2593 *** Scores can be decayed. | |
2594 | |
2595 (setq gnus-decay-scores t) | |
2596 | |
2597 *** Scoring can be performed using a regexp on the Date header. The | |
2598 Date is normalized to compact ISO 8601 format first. | |
2599 | |
2600 *** A new command has been added to remove all data on articles from | |
2601 the native server. | |
2602 | |
2603 `M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups' | |
2604 | |
2605 *** A new command for reading collections of documents | |
2606 (nndoc with nnvirtual on top) has been added -- `M-C-d'. | |
2607 | |
2608 *** Process mark sets can be pushed and popped. | |
2609 | |
2610 *** A new mail-to-news backend makes it possible to post | |
2611 even when the NNTP server doesn't allow posting. | |
2612 | |
2613 *** A new backend for reading searches from Web search engines | |
2614 (DejaNews, Alta Vista, InReference) has been added. | |
2615 | |
2616 Use the `G w' command in the group buffer to create such | |
2617 a group. | |
2618 | |
2619 *** Groups inside topics can now be sorted using the standard | |
2620 sorting functions, and each topic can be sorted independently. | |
2621 | |
2622 See the commands under the `T S' submap. | |
2623 | |
2624 *** Subsets of the groups can be sorted independently. | |
2625 | |
2626 See the commands under the `G P' submap. | |
2627 | |
2628 *** Cached articles can be pulled into the groups. | |
2629 | |
2630 Use the `Y c' command. | |
2631 | |
2632 *** Score files are now applied in a more reliable order. | |
2633 | |
2634 *** Reports on where mail messages end up can be generated. | |
2635 | |
2636 `M-x nnmail-split-history' | |
2637 | |
2638 *** More hooks and functions have been added to remove junk | |
2639 from incoming mail before saving the mail. | |
2640 | |
2641 See `nnmail-prepare-incoming-header-hook'. | |
2642 | |
2643 *** The nnml mail backend now understands compressed article files. | |
2644 | |
2645 *** To enable Gnus to read/post multi-lingual articles, you must execute | |
2646 the following code, for instance, in your .emacs. | |
2647 | |
2648 (add-hook 'gnus-startup-hook 'gnus-mule-initialize) | |
2649 | |
2650 Then, when you start Gnus, it will decode non-ASCII text automatically | |
2651 and show appropriate characters. (Note: if you are using gnus-mime | |
2652 from the SEMI package, formerly known as TM, you should NOT add this | |
2653 hook to gnus-startup-hook; gnus-mime has its own method of handling | |
2654 this issue.) | |
2655 | |
2656 Since it is impossible to distinguish all coding systems | |
2657 automatically, you may need to specify a choice of coding system for a | |
2658 particular news group. This can be done by: | |
2659 | |
2660 (gnus-mule-add-group NEWSGROUP 'CODING-SYSTEM) | |
2661 | |
2662 Here NEWSGROUP should be a string which names a newsgroup or a tree | |
2663 of newsgroups. If NEWSGROUP is "XXX.YYY", all news groups under | |
2664 "XXX.YYY" (including "XXX.YYY.ZZZ") will use the specified coding | |
2665 system. CODING-SYSTEM specifies which coding system to use (for both | |
2666 for reading and posting). | |
2667 | |
2668 CODING-SYSTEM can also be a cons cell of the form | |
2669 (READ-CODING-SYSTEM . POST-CODING-SYSTEM) | |
2670 Then READ-CODING-SYSTEM is used when you read messages from the | |
2671 newsgroups, while POST-CODING-SYSTEM is used when you post messages | |
2672 there. | |
2673 | |
2674 Emacs knows the right coding systems for certain newsgroups by | |
2675 default. Here are some of these default settings: | |
2676 | |
2677 (gnus-mule-add-group "fj" 'iso-2022-7) | |
2678 (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.chinese.text" 'hz-gb-2312) | |
2679 (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.hk" 'hz-gb-2312) | |
2680 (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.chinese.text.big5" 'cn-big5) | |
2681 (gnus-mule-add-group "soc.culture.vietnamese" '(nil . viqr)) | |
2682 | |
2683 When you reply by mail to an article, these settings are ignored; | |
2684 the mail is encoded according to sendmail-coding-system, as usual. | |
2685 | |
2686 ** CC mode changes. | |
2687 | |
2688 *** If you edit primarily one style of C (or C++, Objective-C, Java) | |
2689 code, you may want to make the CC Mode style variables have global | |
2690 values so that you can set them directly in your .emacs file. To do | |
2691 this, set c-style-variables-are-local-p to nil in your .emacs file. | |
2692 Note that this only takes effect if you do it *before* cc-mode.el is | |
2693 loaded. | |
2694 | |
2695 If you typically edit more than one style of C (or C++, Objective-C, | |
2696 Java) code in a single Emacs session, you may want to make the CC Mode | |
2697 style variables have buffer local values. By default, all buffers | |
2698 share the same style variable settings; to make them buffer local, set | |
2699 c-style-variables-are-local-p to t in your .emacs file. Note that you | |
2700 must do this *before* CC Mode is loaded. | |
2701 | |
2702 *** The new variable c-indentation-style holds the C style name | |
2703 of the current buffer. | |
2704 | |
2705 *** The variable c-block-comments-indent-p has been deleted, because | |
2706 it is no longer necessary. C mode now handles all the supported styles | |
2707 of block comments, with no need to say which one you will use. | |
2708 | |
2709 *** There is a new indentation style "python", which specifies the C | |
2710 style that the Python developers like. | |
2711 | |
2712 *** There is a new c-cleanup-list option: brace-elseif-brace. | |
2713 This says to put ...} else if (...) {... on one line, | |
2714 just as brace-else-brace says to put ...} else {... on one line. | |
2715 | |
2716 ** VC Changes [new] | |
2717 | |
2718 ** In vc-retrieve-snapshot (C-x v r), if you don't specify a snapshot | |
2719 name, it retrieves the *latest* versions of all files in the current | |
2720 directory and its subdirectories (aside from files already locked). | |
2721 | |
2722 This feature is useful if your RCS directory is a link to a common | |
2723 master directory, and you want to pick up changes made by other | |
2724 developers. | |
2725 | |
2726 You can do the same thing for an individual file by typing C-u C-x C-q | |
2727 RET in a buffer visiting that file. | |
2728 | |
2729 *** VC can now handle files under CVS that are being "watched" by | |
2730 other developers. Such files are made read-only by CVS. To get a | |
2731 writable copy, type C-x C-q in a buffer visiting such a file. VC then | |
2732 calls "cvs edit", which notifies the other developers of it. | |
2733 | |
2734 *** vc-version-diff (C-u C-x v =) now suggests reasonable defaults for | |
2735 version numbers, based on the current state of the file. | |
2736 | |
2737 ** Calendar changes. | |
2738 | |
2739 A new function, list-holidays, allows you list holidays or subclasses | |
2740 of holidays for ranges of years. Related menu items allow you do this | |
2741 for the year of the selected date, or the following/previous years. | |
2742 | |
2743 ** ps-print changes | |
2744 | |
2745 There are some new user variables for customizing the page layout. | |
2746 | |
2747 *** Paper size, paper orientation, columns | |
2748 | |
2749 The variable `ps-paper-type' determines the size of paper ps-print | |
2750 formats for; it should contain one of the symbols: | |
2751 `a4' `a3' `letter' `legal' `letter-small' `tabloid' | |
2752 `ledger' `statement' `executive' `a4small' `b4' `b5' | |
2753 It defaults to `letter'. | |
2754 If you need other sizes, see the variable `ps-page-dimensions-database'. | |
2755 | |
2756 The variable `ps-landscape-mode' determines the orientation | |
2757 of the printing on the page. nil, the default, means "portrait" mode, | |
2758 non-nil means "landscape" mode. | |
2759 | |
2760 The variable `ps-number-of-columns' must be a positive integer. | |
2761 It determines the number of columns both in landscape and portrait mode. | |
2762 It defaults to 1. | |
2763 | |
2764 *** Horizontal layout | |
2765 | |
2766 The horizontal layout is determined by the variables | |
2767 `ps-left-margin', `ps-inter-column', and `ps-right-margin'. | |
2768 All are measured in points. | |
2769 | |
2770 *** Vertical layout | |
2771 | |
2772 The vertical layout is determined by the variables | |
2773 `ps-bottom-margin', `ps-top-margin', and `ps-header-offset'. | |
2774 All are measured in points. | |
2775 | |
2776 *** Headers | |
2777 | |
2778 If the variable `ps-print-header' is nil, no header is printed. Then | |
2779 `ps-header-offset' is not relevant and `ps-top-margin' represents the | |
2780 margin above the text. | |
2781 | |
2782 If the variable `ps-print-header-frame' is non-nil, a gaudy | |
2783 framing box is printed around the header. | |
2784 | |
2785 The contents of the header are determined by `ps-header-lines', | |
2786 `ps-show-n-of-n', `ps-left-header' and `ps-right-header'. | |
2787 | |
2788 The height of the header is determined by `ps-header-line-pad', | |
2789 `ps-header-font-family', `ps-header-title-font-size' and | |
2790 `ps-header-font-size'. | |
2791 | |
2792 *** Font managing | |
2793 | |
2794 The variable `ps-font-family' determines which font family is to be | |
2795 used for ordinary text. Its value must be a key symbol in the alist | |
2796 `ps-font-info-database'. You can add other font families by adding | |
2797 elements to this alist. | |
2798 | |
2799 The variable `ps-font-size' determines the size of the font | |
2800 for ordinary text. It defaults to 8.5 points. | |
2801 | |
2802 ** hideshow changes. | |
2803 | |
2804 *** now supports hiding of blocks of single line comments (like // for | |
2805 C++, ; for lisp). | |
2806 | |
2807 *** Support for java-mode added. | |
2808 | |
2809 *** When doing `hs-hide-all' it is now possible to also hide the comments | |
2810 in the file if `hs-hide-comments-when-hiding-all' is set. | |
2811 | |
2812 *** The new function `hs-hide-initial-comment' hides the the comments at | |
2813 the beginning of the files. Finally those huge RCS logs don't stay in your | |
2814 way! This is run by default when entering the `hs-minor-mode'. | |
2815 | |
2816 *** Now uses overlays instead of `selective-display', so is more | |
2817 robust and a lot faster. | |
2818 | |
2819 *** A block beginning can span multiple lines. | |
2820 | |
2821 *** The new variable `hs-show-hidden-short-form' if t, directs hideshow | |
2822 to show only the beginning of a block when it is hidden. See the | |
2823 documentation for more details. | |
2824 | |
2825 ** Changes in Enriched mode. | |
2826 | |
2827 *** When you visit a file in enriched-mode, Emacs will make sure it is | |
2828 filled to the current fill-column. This behavior is now independent | |
2829 of the size of the window. When you save the file, the fill-column in | |
2830 use is stored as well, so that the whole buffer need not be refilled | |
2831 the next time unless the fill-column is different. | |
2832 | |
2833 *** use-hard-newlines is now a minor mode. When it is enabled, Emacs | |
2834 distinguishes between hard and soft newlines, and treats hard newlines | |
2835 as paragraph boundaries. Otherwise all newlines inserted are marked | |
2836 as soft, and paragraph boundaries are determined solely from the text. | |
2837 | |
2838 ** Font Lock mode | |
2839 | |
2840 *** Custom support | |
2841 | |
2842 The variables font-lock-face-attributes, font-lock-display-type and | |
2843 font-lock-background-mode are now obsolete; the recommended way to specify the | |
2844 faces to use for Font Lock mode is with M-x customize-group on the new custom | |
2845 group font-lock-highlighting-faces. If you set font-lock-face-attributes in | |
2846 your ~/.emacs file, Font Lock mode will respect its value. However, you should | |
2847 consider converting from setting that variable to using M-x customize. | |
2848 | |
2849 You can still use X resources to specify Font Lock face appearances. | |
2850 | |
2851 *** Maximum decoration | |
2852 | |
2853 Fontification now uses the maximum level of decoration supported by | |
2854 default. Previously, fontification used a mode-specific default level | |
2855 of decoration, which is typically the minimum level of decoration | |
2856 supported. You can set font-lock-maximum-decoration to nil | |
2857 to get the old behavior. | |
2858 | |
2859 *** New support | |
2860 | |
2861 Support is now provided for Java, Objective-C, AWK and SIMULA modes. | |
2862 | |
2863 Note that Font Lock mode can be turned on without knowing exactly what modes | |
2864 support Font Lock mode, via the command global-font-lock-mode. | |
2865 | |
2866 *** Configurable support | |
2867 | |
2868 Support for C, C++, Objective-C and Java can be more easily configured for | |
2869 additional types and classes via the new variables c-font-lock-extra-types, | |
2870 c++-font-lock-extra-types, objc-font-lock-extra-types and, you guessed it, | |
2871 java-font-lock-extra-types. These value of each of these variables should be a | |
2872 list of regexps matching the extra type names. For example, the default value | |
2873 of c-font-lock-extra-types is ("\\sw+_t") which means fontification follows the | |
2874 convention that C type names end in _t. This results in slower fontification. | |
2875 | |
2876 Of course, you can change the variables that specify fontification in whatever | |
2877 way you wish, typically by adding regexps. However, these new variables make | |
2878 it easier to make specific and common changes for the fontification of types. | |
2879 | |
2880 *** Adding highlighting patterns to existing support | |
2881 | |
2882 You can use the new function font-lock-add-keywords to add your own | |
2883 highlighting patterns, such as for project-local or user-specific constructs, | |
2884 for any mode. | |
2885 | |
2886 For example, to highlight `FIXME:' words in C comments, put: | |
2887 | |
2888 (font-lock-add-keywords 'c-mode '(("\\<FIXME:" 0 font-lock-warning-face t))) | |
2889 | |
2890 in your ~/.emacs. | |
2891 | |
2892 *** New faces | |
2893 | |
2894 Font Lock now defines two new faces, font-lock-builtin-face and | |
2895 font-lock-warning-face. These are intended to highlight builtin keywords, | |
2896 distinct from a language's normal keywords, and objects that should be brought | |
2897 to user attention, respectively. Various modes now use these new faces. | |
2898 | |
2899 *** Changes to fast-lock support mode | |
2900 | |
2901 The fast-lock package, one of the two Font Lock support modes, can now process | |
2902 cache files silently. You can use the new variable fast-lock-verbose, in the | |
2903 same way as font-lock-verbose, to control this feature. | |
2904 | |
2905 *** Changes to lazy-lock support mode | |
2906 | |
2907 The lazy-lock package, one of the two Font Lock support modes, can now fontify | |
2908 according to the true syntactic context relative to other lines. You can use | |
2909 the new variable lazy-lock-defer-contextually to control this feature. If | |
2910 non-nil, changes to the buffer will cause subsequent lines in the buffer to be | |
2911 refontified after lazy-lock-defer-time seconds of idle time. If nil, then only | |
2912 the modified lines will be refontified; this is the same as the previous Lazy | |
2913 Lock mode behaviour and the behaviour of Font Lock mode. | |
2914 | |
2915 This feature is useful in modes where strings or comments can span lines. | |
2916 For example, if a string or comment terminating character is deleted, then if | |
2917 this feature is enabled subsequent lines in the buffer will be correctly | |
2918 refontified to reflect their new syntactic context. Previously, only the line | |
2919 containing the deleted character would be refontified and you would have to use | |
2920 the command M-g M-g (font-lock-fontify-block) to refontify some lines. | |
2921 | |
2922 As a consequence of this new feature, two other variables have changed: | |
2923 | |
2924 Variable `lazy-lock-defer-driven' is renamed `lazy-lock-defer-on-scrolling'. | |
2925 Variable `lazy-lock-defer-time' can now only be a time, i.e., a number. | |
2926 Buffer modes for which on-the-fly deferral applies can be specified via the | |
2927 new variable `lazy-lock-defer-on-the-fly'. | |
2928 | |
2929 If you set these variables in your ~/.emacs, then you may have to change those | |
2930 settings. | |
2931 | |
2932 ** Ada mode changes. | |
2933 | |
2934 *** There is now better support for using find-file.el with Ada mode. | |
2935 If you switch between spec and body, the cursor stays in the same | |
2936 procedure (modulo overloading). If a spec has no body file yet, but | |
2937 you try to switch to its body file, Ada mode now generates procedure | |
2938 stubs. | |
2939 | |
2940 *** There are two new commands: | |
2941 - `ada-make-local' : invokes gnatmake on the current buffer | |
2942 - `ada-check-syntax' : check syntax of current buffer. | |
2943 | |
2944 The user options `ada-compiler-make', `ada-make-options', | |
2945 `ada-language-version', `ada-compiler-syntax-check', and | |
2946 `ada-compile-options' are used within these commands. | |
2947 | |
2948 *** Ada mode can now work with Outline minor mode. The outline level | |
2949 is calculated from the indenting, not from syntactic constructs. | |
2950 Outlining does not work if your code is not correctly indented. | |
2951 | |
2952 *** The new function `ada-gnat-style' converts the buffer to the style of | |
2953 formatting used in GNAT. It places two blanks after a comment start, | |
2954 places one blank between a word end and an opening '(', and puts one | |
2955 space between a comma and the beginning of a word. | |
2956 | |
2957 ** Scheme mode changes. | |
2958 | |
2959 *** Scheme mode indentation now uses many of the facilities of Lisp | |
2960 mode; therefore, the variables to customize it are the variables used | |
2961 for Lisp mode which have names starting with `lisp-'. The variables | |
2962 with names starting with `scheme-' which used to do this no longer | |
2963 have any effect. | |
2964 | |
2965 If you want to use different indentation for Scheme and Lisp, this is | |
2966 still possible, but now you must do it by adding a hook to | |
2967 scheme-mode-hook, which could work by setting the `lisp-' indentation | |
2968 variables as buffer-local variables. | |
2969 | |
2970 *** DSSSL mode is a variant of Scheme mode, for editing DSSSL scripts. | |
2971 Use M-x dsssl-mode. | |
2972 | |
2973 ** Changes to the emacsclient program | |
2974 | |
2975 *** If a socket can't be found, and environment variables LOGNAME or | |
2976 USER are set, emacsclient now looks for a socket based on the UID | |
2977 associated with the name. That is an emacsclient running as root | |
2978 can connect to an Emacs server started by a non-root user. | |
2979 | |
2980 *** The emacsclient program now accepts an option --no-wait which tells | |
2981 it to return immediately without waiting for you to "finish" the | |
2982 buffer in Emacs. | |
2983 | |
2984 *** The new option --alternate-editor allows to specify an editor to | |
2985 use if Emacs is not running. The environment variable | |
2986 ALTERNATE_EDITOR can be used for the same effect; the command line | |
2987 option takes precedence. | |
2988 | |
2989 ** M-x eldoc-mode enables a minor mode in which the echo area | |
2990 constantly shows the parameter list for function being called at point | |
2991 (in Emacs Lisp and Lisp Interaction modes only). | |
2992 | |
2993 ** C-x n d now runs the new command narrow-to-defun, | |
2994 which narrows the accessible parts of the buffer to just | |
2995 the current defun. | |
2996 | |
2997 ** Emacs now handles the `--' argument in the standard way; all | |
2998 following arguments are treated as ordinary file names. | |
2999 | |
3000 ** On MSDOS and Windows, the bookmark file is now called _emacs.bmk, | |
3001 and the saved desktop file is now called _emacs.desktop (truncated if | |
3002 necessary). | |
3003 | |
3004 ** When you kill a buffer that visits a file, | |
3005 if there are any registers that save positions in the file, | |
3006 these register values no longer become completely useless. | |
3007 If you try to go to such a register with C-x j, then you are | |
3008 asked whether to visit the file again. If you say yes, | |
3009 it visits the file and then goes to the same position. | |
3010 | |
3011 ** When you visit a file that changes frequently outside Emacs--for | |
3012 example, a log of output from a process that continues to run--it may | |
3013 be useful for Emacs to revert the file without querying you whenever | |
3014 you visit the file afresh with C-x C-f. | |
3015 | |
3016 You can request this behavior for certain files by setting the | |
3017 variable revert-without-query to a list of regular expressions. If a | |
3018 file's name matches any of these regular expressions, find-file and | |
3019 revert-buffer revert the buffer without asking for permission--but | |
3020 only if you have not edited the buffer text yourself. | |
3021 | |
3022 ** set-default-font has been renamed to set-frame-font | |
3023 since it applies only to the current frame. | |
3024 | |
3025 ** In TeX mode, you can use the variable tex-main-file to specify the | |
3026 file for tex-file to run TeX on. (By default, tex-main-file is nil, | |
3027 and tex-file runs TeX on the current visited file.) | |
3028 | |
3029 This is useful when you are editing a document that consists of | |
3030 multiple files. In each of the included files, you can set up a local | |
3031 variable list which specifies the top-level file of your document for | |
3032 tex-main-file. Then tex-file will run TeX on the whole document | |
3033 instead of just the file you are editing. | |
3034 | |
3035 ** RefTeX mode | |
3036 | |
3037 RefTeX mode is a new minor mode with special support for \label, \ref | |
3038 and \cite macros in LaTeX documents. RefTeX distinguishes labels of | |
3039 different environments (equation, figure, ...) and has full support for | |
3040 multifile documents. To use it, select a buffer with a LaTeX document and | |
3041 turn the mode on with M-x reftex-mode. Here are the main user commands: | |
3042 | |
3043 C-c ( reftex-label | |
3044 Creates a label semi-automatically. RefTeX is context sensitive and | |
3045 knows which kind of label is needed. | |
3046 | |
3047 C-c ) reftex-reference | |
3048 Offers in a menu all labels in the document, along with context of the | |
3049 label definition. The selected label is referenced as \ref{LABEL}. | |
3050 | |
3051 C-c [ reftex-citation | |
3052 Prompts for a regular expression and displays a list of matching BibTeX | |
3053 database entries. The selected entry is cited with a \cite{KEY} macro. | |
3054 | |
3055 C-c & reftex-view-crossref | |
3056 Views the cross reference of a \ref or \cite command near point. | |
3057 | |
3058 C-c = reftex-toc | |
3059 Shows a table of contents of the (multifile) document. From there you | |
3060 can quickly jump to every section. | |
3061 | |
3062 Under X, RefTeX installs a "Ref" menu in the menu bar, with additional | |
3063 commands. Press `?' to get help when a prompt mentions this feature. | |
3064 Full documentation and customization examples are in the file | |
3065 reftex.el. You can use the finder to view the file documentation: | |
3066 C-h p --> tex --> reftex.el | |
3067 | |
3068 ** Changes in BibTeX mode. | |
3069 | |
3070 *** Info documentation is now available. | |
3071 | |
3072 *** Don't allow parentheses in string constants anymore. This confused | |
3073 both the BibTeX program and Emacs BibTeX mode. | |
3074 | |
3075 *** Renamed variable bibtex-mode-user-optional-fields to | |
3076 bibtex-user-optional-fields. | |
3077 | |
3078 *** Removed variable bibtex-include-OPTannote | |
3079 (use bibtex-user-optional-fields instead). | |
3080 | |
3081 *** New interactive functions to copy and kill fields and complete | |
3082 entries to the BibTeX kill ring, from where they can be yanked back by | |
3083 appropriate functions. | |
3084 | |
3085 *** New interactive functions for repositioning and marking of | |
3086 entries. They are bound by default to M-C-l and M-C-h. | |
3087 | |
3088 *** New hook bibtex-clean-entry-hook. It is called after entry has | |
3089 been cleaned. | |
3090 | |
3091 *** New variable bibtex-field-delimiters, which replaces variables | |
3092 bibtex-field-{left|right}-delimiter. | |
3093 | |
3094 *** New variable bibtex-entry-delimiters to determine how entries | |
3095 shall be delimited. | |
3096 | |
3097 *** Allow preinitialization of fields. See documentation of | |
3098 bibtex-user-optional-fields, bibtex-entry-field-alist, and | |
3099 bibtex-include-OPTkey for details. | |
3100 | |
3101 *** Book and InBook entries require either an author or an editor | |
3102 field. This is now supported by bibtex.el. Alternative fields are | |
3103 prefixed with `ALT'. | |
3104 | |
3105 *** New variable bibtex-entry-format, which replaces variable | |
3106 bibtex-clean-entry-zap-empty-opts and allows specification of many | |
3107 formatting options performed on cleaning an entry (see variable | |
3108 documentation). | |
3109 | |
3110 *** Even more control on how automatic keys are generated. See | |
3111 documentation of bibtex-generate-autokey for details. Transcriptions | |
3112 for foreign languages other than German are now handled, too. | |
3113 | |
3114 *** New boolean user option bibtex-comma-after-last-field to decide if | |
3115 comma should be inserted at end of last field. | |
3116 | |
3117 *** New boolean user option bibtex-align-at-equal-sign to determine if | |
3118 alignment should be made at left side of field contents or at equal | |
3119 signs. New user options to control entry layout (e.g. indentation). | |
3120 | |
3121 *** New function bibtex-fill-entry to realign entries. | |
3122 | |
3123 *** New function bibtex-reformat to reformat region or buffer. | |
3124 | |
3125 *** New function bibtex-convert-alien to convert a BibTeX database | |
3126 from alien sources. | |
3127 | |
3128 *** New function bibtex-complete-key (similar to bibtex-complete-string) | |
3129 to complete prefix to a key defined in buffer. Mainly useful in | |
3130 crossref entries. | |
3131 | |
3132 *** New function bibtex-count-entries to count entries in buffer or | |
3133 region. | |
3134 | |
3135 *** Added support for imenu. | |
3136 | |
3137 *** The function `bibtex-validate' now checks current region instead | |
3138 of buffer if mark is active. Now it shows all errors of buffer in a | |
3139 `compilation mode' buffer. You can use the normal commands (e.g. | |
3140 `next-error') for compilation modes to jump to errors. | |
3141 | |
3142 *** New variable `bibtex-string-file-path' to determine where the files | |
3143 from `bibtex-string-files' are searched. | |
3144 | |
3145 ** Iso Accents mode now supports Latin-3 as an alternative. | |
3146 | |
3147 ** The command next-error now opens blocks hidden by hideshow. | |
3148 | |
3149 ** The function using-unix-filesystems has been replaced by the | |
3150 functions add-untranslated-filesystem and remove-untranslated-filesystem. | |
3151 Each of these functions takes the name of a drive letter or directory | |
3152 as an argument. | |
3153 | |
3154 When a filesystem is added as untranslated, all files on it are read | |
3155 and written in binary mode (no cr/lf translation is performed). | |
3156 | |
3157 ** browse-url changes | |
3158 | |
3159 *** New methods for: Grail (browse-url-generic), MMM (browse-url-mmm), | |
3160 Lynx in a separate xterm (browse-url-lynx-xterm) or in an Emacs window | |
3161 (browse-url-lynx-emacs), remote W3 (browse-url-w3-gnudoit), generic | |
3162 non-remote-controlled browsers (browse-url-generic) and associated | |
3163 customization variables. | |
3164 | |
3165 *** New commands `browse-url-of-region' and `browse-url'. | |
3166 | |
3167 *** URLs marked up with <URL:...> (RFC1738) work if broken across | |
3168 lines. Browsing methods can be associated with URL regexps | |
3169 (e.g. mailto: URLs) via `browse-url-browser-function'. | |
3170 | |
3171 ** Changes in Ediff | |
3172 | |
3173 *** Clicking Mouse-2 on a brief command description in Ediff control panel | |
3174 pops up the Info file for this command. | |
3175 | |
3176 *** There is now a variable, ediff-autostore-merges, which controls whether | |
3177 the result of a merge is saved in a file. By default, this is done only when | |
3178 merge is done from a session group (eg, when merging files in two different | |
3179 directories). | |
3180 | |
3181 *** Since Emacs 19.31 (this hasn't been announced before), Ediff can compare | |
3182 and merge groups of files residing in different directories, or revisions of | |
3183 files in the same directory. | |
3184 | |
3185 *** Since Emacs 19.31, Ediff can apply multi-file patches interactively. | |
3186 The patches must be in the context format or GNU unified format. (The bug | |
3187 related to the GNU format has now been fixed.) | |
3188 | |
3189 ** Changes in Viper | |
3190 | |
3191 *** The startup file is now .viper instead of .vip | |
3192 *** All variable/function names have been changed to start with viper- | |
3193 instead of vip-. | |
3194 *** C-\ now simulates the meta-key in all Viper states. | |
3195 *** C-z in Insert state now escapes to Vi for the duration of the next | |
3196 Viper command. In Vi and Insert states, C-z behaves as before. | |
3197 *** C-c \ escapes to Vi for one command if Viper is in Insert or Emacs states. | |
3198 *** _ is no longer the meta-key in Vi state. | |
3199 *** The variable viper-insert-state-cursor-color can be used to change cursor | |
3200 color when Viper is in insert state. | |
3201 *** If search lands the cursor near the top or the bottom of the window, | |
3202 Viper pulls the window up or down to expose more context. The variable | |
3203 viper-adjust-window-after-search controls this behavior. | |
3204 | |
3205 ** Etags changes. | |
3206 | |
3207 *** In C, C++, Objective C and Java, Etags tags global variables by | |
3208 default. The resulting tags files are inflated by 30% on average. | |
3209 Use --no-globals to turn this feature off. Etags can also tag | |
3210 variables which are members of structure-like constructs, but it does | |
3211 not by default. Use --members to turn this feature on. | |
3212 | |
3213 *** C++ member functions are now recognized as tags. | |
3214 | |
3215 *** Java is tagged like C++. In addition, "extends" and "implements" | |
3216 constructs are tagged. Files are recognised by the extension .java. | |
3217 | |
3218 *** Etags can now handle programs written in Postscript. Files are | |
3219 recognised by the extensions .ps and .pdb (Postscript with C syntax). | |
3220 In Postscript, tags are lines that start with a slash. | |
3221 | |
3222 *** Etags now handles Objective C and Objective C++ code. The usual C and | |
3223 C++ tags are recognized in these languages; in addition, etags | |
3224 recognizes special Objective C syntax for classes, class categories, | |
3225 methods and protocols. | |
3226 | |
3227 *** Etags also handles Cobol. Files are recognised by the extension | |
3228 .cobol. The tagged lines are those containing a word that begins in | |
3229 column 8 and ends in a full stop, i.e. anything that could be a | |
3230 paragraph name. | |
3231 | |
3232 *** Regexps in Etags now support intervals, as in ed or grep. The syntax of | |
3233 an interval is \{M,N\}, and it means to match the preceding expression | |
3234 at least M times and as many as N times. | |
3235 | |
3236 ** The format for specifying a custom format for time-stamp to insert | |
3237 in files has changed slightly. | |
3238 | |
3239 With the new enhancements to the functionality of format-time-string, | |
3240 time-stamp-format will change to be eventually compatible with it. | |
3241 This conversion is being done in two steps to maintain compatibility | |
3242 with old time-stamp-format values. | |
3243 | |
3244 In the new scheme, alternate case is signified by the number-sign | |
3245 (`#') modifier, rather than changing the case of the format character. | |
3246 This feature is as yet incompletely implemented for compatibility | |
3247 reasons. | |
3248 | |
3249 In the old time-stamp-format, all numeric fields defaulted to their | |
3250 natural width. (With format-time-string, each format has a | |
3251 fixed-width default.) In this version, you can specify the colon | |
3252 (`:') modifier to a numeric conversion to mean "give me the historical | |
3253 time-stamp-format width default." Do not use colon if you are | |
3254 specifying an explicit width, as in "%02d". | |
3255 | |
3256 Numbers are no longer truncated to the requested width, except in the | |
3257 case of "%02y", which continues to give a two-digit year. Digit | |
3258 truncation probably wasn't being used for anything else anyway. | |
3259 | |
3260 The new formats will work with old versions of Emacs. New formats are | |
3261 being recommended now to allow time-stamp-format to change in the | |
3262 future to be compatible with format-time-string. The new forms being | |
3263 recommended now will continue to work then. | |
3264 | |
3265 See the documentation string for the variable time-stamp-format for | |
3266 details. | |
3267 | |
3268 ** There are some additional major modes: | |
3269 | |
3270 dcl-mode, for editing VMS DCL files. | |
3271 m4-mode, for editing files of m4 input. | |
3272 meta-mode, for editing MetaFont and MetaPost source files. | |
3273 | |
3274 ** In Shell mode, the command shell-copy-environment-variable lets you | |
3275 copy the value of a specified environment variable from the subshell | |
3276 into Emacs. | |
3277 | |
3278 ** New Lisp packages include: | |
3279 | |
3280 *** battery.el displays battery status for laptops. | |
3281 | |
3282 *** M-x bruce (named after Lenny Bruce) is a program that might | |
3283 be used for adding some indecent words to your email. | |
3284 | |
3285 *** M-x crisp-mode enables an emulation for the CRiSP editor. | |
3286 | |
3287 *** M-x dirtrack arranges for better tracking of directory changes | |
3288 in shell buffers. | |
3289 | |
3290 *** The new library elint.el provides for linting of Emacs Lisp code. | |
3291 See the documentation for `elint-initialize', `elint-current-buffer' | |
3292 and `elint-defun'. | |
3293 | |
3294 *** M-x expand-add-abbrevs defines a special kind of abbrev which is | |
3295 meant for programming constructs. These abbrevs expand like ordinary | |
3296 ones, when you type SPC, but only at the end of a line and not within | |
3297 strings or comments. | |
3298 | |
3299 These abbrevs can act as templates: you can define places within an | |
3300 abbrev for insertion of additional text. Once you expand the abbrev, | |
3301 you can then use C-x a p and C-x a n to move back and forth to these | |
3302 insertion points. Thus you can conveniently insert additional text | |
3303 at these points. | |
3304 | |
3305 *** filecache.el remembers the location of files so that you | |
3306 can visit them by short forms of their names. | |
3307 | |
3308 *** find-func.el lets you find the definition of the user-loaded | |
3309 Emacs Lisp function at point. | |
3310 | |
3311 *** M-x handwrite converts text to a "handwritten" picture. | |
3312 | |
3313 *** M-x iswitchb-buffer is a command for switching to a buffer, much like | |
3314 switch-buffer, but it reads the argument in a more helpful way. | |
3315 | |
3316 *** M-x landmark implements a neural network for landmark learning. | |
3317 | |
3318 *** M-x locate provides a convenient interface to the `locate' program. | |
3319 | |
3320 *** M4 mode is a new mode for editing files of m4 input. | |
3321 | |
3322 *** mantemp.el creates C++ manual template instantiations | |
3323 from the GCC error messages which indicate which instantiations are needed. | |
3324 | |
3325 *** mouse-copy.el provides a one-click copy and move feature. | |
3326 You can drag a region with M-mouse-1, and it is automatically | |
3327 inserted at point. M-Shift-mouse-1 deletes the text from its | |
3328 original place after inserting the copy. | |
3329 | |
3330 *** mouse-drag.el lets you do scrolling by dragging Mouse-2 | |
3331 on the buffer. | |
3332 | |
3333 You click the mouse and move; that distance either translates into the | |
3334 velocity to scroll (with mouse-drag-throw) or the distance to scroll | |
3335 (with mouse-drag-drag). Horizontal scrolling is enabled when needed. | |
3336 | |
3337 Enable mouse-drag with: | |
3338 (global-set-key [down-mouse-2] 'mouse-drag-throw) | |
3339 -or- | |
3340 (global-set-key [down-mouse-2] 'mouse-drag-drag) | |
3341 | |
3342 *** mspools.el is useful for determining which mail folders have | |
3343 mail waiting to be read in them. It works with procmail. | |
3344 | |
3345 *** Octave mode is a major mode for editing files of input for Octave. | |
3346 It comes with a facility for communicating with an Octave subprocess. | |
3347 | |
3348 *** ogonek | |
3349 | |
3350 The ogonek package provides functions for changing the coding of | |
3351 Polish diacritic characters in buffers. Codings known from various | |
3352 platforms are supported such as ISO8859-2, Mazovia, IBM Latin2, and | |
3353 TeX. For example, you can change the coding from Mazovia to | |
3354 ISO8859-2. Another example is a change of coding from ISO8859-2 to | |
3355 prefix notation (in which `/a' stands for the aogonek character, for | |
3356 instance) and vice versa. | |
3357 | |
3358 To use this package load it using | |
3359 M-x load-library [enter] ogonek | |
3360 Then, you may get an explanation by calling one of | |
3361 M-x ogonek-jak -- in Polish | |
3362 M-x ogonek-how -- in English | |
3363 The info specifies the commands and variables provided as well as the | |
3364 ways of customization in `.emacs'. | |
3365 | |
3366 *** Interface to ph. | |
3367 | |
3368 Emacs provides a client interface to CCSO Nameservers (ph/qi) | |
3369 | |
3370 The CCSO nameserver is used in many universities to provide directory | |
3371 services about people. ph.el provides a convenient Emacs interface to | |
3372 these servers. | |
3373 | |
3374 *** uce.el is useful for replying to unsolicited commercial email. | |
3375 | |
3376 *** vcursor.el implements a "virtual cursor" feature. | |
3377 You can move the virtual cursor with special commands | |
3378 while the real cursor does not move. | |
3379 | |
3380 *** webjump.el is a "hot list" package which you can set up | |
3381 for visiting your favorite web sites. | |
3382 | |
3383 *** M-x winner-mode is a minor mode which saves window configurations, | |
3384 so you can move back to other configurations that you have recently used. | |
3385 | |
3386 ** movemail change | |
3387 | |
3388 Movemail no longer needs to be installed setuid root in order for POP | |
3389 mail retrieval to function properly. This is because it no longer | |
3390 supports the RPOP (reserved-port POP) protocol; instead, it uses the | |
3391 user's POP password to authenticate to the mail server. | |
3392 | |
3393 This change was made earlier, but not reported in NEWS before. | |
3394 | |
3395 * Emacs 20.1 changes for MS-DOS and MS-Windows. | |
3396 | |
3397 ** Changes in handling MS-DOS/MS-Windows text files. | |
3398 | |
3399 Emacs handles three different conventions for representing | |
3400 end-of-line: CRLF for MSDOS, LF for Unix and GNU, and CR (used on the | |
3401 Macintosh). Emacs determines which convention is used in a specific | |
3402 file based on the contents of that file (except for certain special | |
3403 file names), and when it saves the file, it uses the same convention. | |
3404 | |
3405 To save the file and change the end-of-line convention, you can use | |
3406 C-x RET f (set-buffer-file-coding-system) to specify a different | |
3407 coding system for the buffer. Then, when you save the file, the newly | |
3408 specified coding system will take effect. For example, to save with | |
3409 LF, specify undecided-unix (or some other ...-unix coding system); to | |
3410 save with CRLF, specify undecided-dos. | |
3411 | |
3412 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 20.1 | |
3413 | |
3414 ** Byte-compiled files made with Emacs 20 will, in general, work in | |
3415 Emacs 19 as well, as long as the source code runs in Emacs 19. And | |
3416 vice versa: byte-compiled files made with Emacs 19 should also run in | |
3417 Emacs 20, as long as the program itself works in Emacs 20. | |
3418 | |
3419 ** Windows-specific functions and variables have been renamed | |
3420 to start with w32- instead of win32-. | |
3421 | |
3422 In hacker language, calling something a "win" is a form of praise. We | |
3423 don't want to praise a non-free Microsoft system, so we don't call it | |
3424 "win". | |
3425 | |
3426 ** Basic Lisp changes | |
3427 | |
3428 *** A symbol whose name starts with a colon now automatically | |
3429 evaluates to itself. Therefore such a symbol can be used as a constant. | |
3430 | |
3431 *** The defined purpose of `defconst' has been changed. It should now | |
3432 be used only for values that should not be changed whether by a program | |
3433 or by the user. | |
3434 | |
3435 The actual behavior of defconst has not been changed. | |
3436 | |
3437 *** There are new macros `when' and `unless' | |
3438 | |
3439 (when CONDITION BODY...) is short for (if CONDITION (progn BODY...)) | |
3440 (unless CONDITION BODY...) is short for (if CONDITION nil BODY...) | |
3441 | |
3442 *** Emacs now defines functions caar, cadr, cdar and cddr with their | |
3443 usual Lisp meanings. For example, caar returns the car of the car of | |
3444 its argument. | |
3445 | |
3446 *** equal, when comparing strings, now ignores their text properties. | |
3447 | |
3448 *** The new function `functionp' tests whether an object is a function. | |
3449 | |
3450 *** arrayp now returns t for char-tables and bool-vectors. | |
3451 | |
3452 *** Certain primitives which use characters (as integers) now get an | |
3453 error if the integer is not a valid character code. These primitives | |
3454 include insert-char, char-to-string, and the %c construct in the | |
3455 `format' function. | |
3456 | |
3457 *** The `require' function now insists on adding a suffix, either .el | |
3458 or .elc, to the file name. Thus, (require 'foo) will not use a file | |
3459 whose name is just foo. It insists on foo.el or foo.elc. | |
3460 | |
3461 *** The `autoload' function, when the file name does not contain | |
3462 either a directory name or the suffix .el or .elc, insists on | |
3463 adding one of these suffixes. | |
3464 | |
3465 *** string-to-number now takes an optional second argument BASE | |
3466 which specifies the base to use when converting an integer. | |
3467 If BASE is omitted, base 10 is used. | |
3468 | |
3469 We have not implemented other radices for floating point numbers, | |
3470 because that would be much more work and does not seem useful. | |
3471 | |
3472 *** substring now handles vectors as well as strings. | |
3473 | |
3474 *** The Common Lisp function eql is no longer defined normally. | |
3475 You must load the `cl' library to define it. | |
3476 | |
3477 *** The new macro `with-current-buffer' lets you evaluate an expression | |
3478 conveniently with a different current buffer. It looks like this: | |
3479 | |
3480 (with-current-buffer BUFFER BODY-FORMS...) | |
3481 | |
3482 BUFFER is the expression that says which buffer to use. | |
3483 BODY-FORMS say what to do in that buffer. | |
3484 | |
3485 *** The new primitive `save-current-buffer' saves and restores the | |
3486 choice of current buffer, like `save-excursion', but without saving or | |
3487 restoring the value of point or the mark. `with-current-buffer' | |
3488 works using `save-current-buffer'. | |
3489 | |
3490 *** The new macro `with-temp-file' lets you do some work in a new buffer and | |
3491 write the output to a specified file. Like `progn', it returns the value | |
3492 of the last form. | |
3493 | |
3494 *** The new macro `with-temp-buffer' lets you do some work in a new buffer, | |
3495 which is discarded after use. Like `progn', it returns the value of the | |
3496 last form. If you wish to return the buffer contents, use (buffer-string) | |
3497 as the last form. | |
3498 | |
3499 *** The new function split-string takes a string, splits it at certain | |
3500 characters, and returns a list of the substrings in between the | |
3501 matches. | |
3502 | |
3503 For example, (split-string "foo bar lose" " +") returns ("foo" "bar" "lose"). | |
3504 | |
3505 *** The new macro with-output-to-string executes some Lisp expressions | |
3506 with standard-output set up so that all output feeds into a string. | |
3507 Then it returns that string. | |
3508 | |
3509 For example, if the current buffer name is `foo', | |
3510 | |
3511 (with-output-to-string | |
3512 (princ "The buffer is ") | |
3513 (princ (buffer-name))) | |
3514 | |
3515 returns "The buffer is foo". | |
3516 | |
3517 ** Non-ASCII characters are now supported, if enable-multibyte-characters | |
3518 is non-nil. | |
3519 | |
3520 These characters have character codes above 256. When inserted in the | |
3521 buffer or stored in a string, they are represented as multibyte | |
3522 characters that occupy several buffer positions each. | |
3523 | |
3524 *** When enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil, a single character in | |
3525 a buffer or string can be two or more bytes (as many as four). | |
3526 | |
3527 Buffers and strings are still made up of unibyte elements; | |
3528 character positions and string indices are always measured in bytes. | |
3529 Therefore, moving forward one character can increase the buffer | |
3530 position by 2, 3 or 4. The function forward-char moves by whole | |
3531 characters, and therefore is no longer equivalent to | |
3532 (lambda (n) (goto-char (+ (point) n))). | |
3533 | |
3534 ASCII characters (codes 0 through 127) are still single bytes, always. | |
3535 Sequences of byte values 128 through 255 are used to represent | |
3536 non-ASCII characters. These sequences are called "multibyte | |
3537 characters". | |
3538 | |
3539 The first byte of a multibyte character is always in the range 128 | |
3540 through 159 (octal 0200 through 0237). These values are called | |
3541 "leading codes". The second and subsequent bytes are always in the | |
3542 range 160 through 255 (octal 0240 through 0377). The first byte, the | |
3543 leading code, determines how many bytes long the sequence is. | |
3544 | |
3545 *** The function forward-char moves over characters, and therefore | |
3546 (forward-char 1) may increase point by more than 1 if it moves over a | |
3547 multibyte character. Likewise, delete-char always deletes a | |
3548 character, which may be more than one buffer position. | |
3549 | |
3550 This means that some Lisp programs, which assume that a character is | |
3551 always one buffer position, need to be changed. | |
3552 | |
3553 However, all ASCII characters are always one buffer position. | |
3554 | |
3555 *** The regexp [\200-\377] no longer matches all non-ASCII characters, | |
3556 because when enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil, these characters | |
3557 have codes that are not in the range octal 200 to octal 377. However, | |
3558 the regexp [^\000-\177] does match all non-ASCII characters, | |
3559 guaranteed. | |
3560 | |
3561 *** The function char-boundary-p returns non-nil if position POS is | |
3562 between two characters in the buffer (not in the middle of a | |
3563 character). | |
3564 | |
3565 When the value is non-nil, it says what kind of character follows POS: | |
3566 | |
3567 0 if POS is at an ASCII character or at the end of range, | |
3568 1 if POS is before a 2-byte length multi-byte form, | |
3569 2 if POS is at a head of 3-byte length multi-byte form, | |
3570 3 if POS is at a head of 4-byte length multi-byte form, | |
3571 4 if POS is at a head of multi-byte form of a composite character. | |
3572 | |
3573 *** The function char-bytes returns how many bytes the character CHAR uses. | |
3574 | |
3575 *** Strings can contain multibyte characters. The function | |
3576 `length' returns the string length counting bytes, which may be | |
3577 more than the number of characters. | |
3578 | |
3579 You can include a multibyte character in a string constant by writing | |
3580 it literally. You can also represent it with a hex escape, | |
3581 \xNNNNNNN..., using as many digits as necessary. Any character which | |
3582 is not a valid hex digit terminates this construct. If you want to | |
3583 follow it with a character that is a hex digit, write backslash and | |
3584 newline in between; that will terminate the hex escape. | |
3585 | |
3586 *** The function concat-chars takes arguments which are characters | |
3587 and returns a string containing those characters. | |
3588 | |
3589 *** The function sref access a multibyte character in a string. | |
3590 (sref STRING INDX) returns the character in STRING at INDEX. INDEX | |
3591 counts from zero. If INDEX is at a position in the middle of a | |
3592 character, sref signals an error. | |
3593 | |
3594 *** The function chars-in-string returns the number of characters | |
3595 in a string. This is less than the length of the string, if the | |
3596 string contains multibyte characters (the length counts bytes). | |
3597 | |
3598 *** The function chars-in-region returns the number of characters | |
3599 in a region from BEG to END. This is less than (- END BEG) if the | |
3600 region contains multibyte characters (the length counts bytes). | |
3601 | |
3602 *** The function string-to-list converts a string to a list of | |
3603 the characters in it. string-to-vector converts a string | |
3604 to a vector of the characters in it. | |
3605 | |
3606 *** The function store-substring alters part of the contents | |
3607 of a string. You call it as follows: | |
3608 | |
3609 (store-substring STRING IDX OBJ) | |
3610 | |
3611 This says to alter STRING, by storing OBJ starting at index IDX in | |
3612 STRING. OBJ may be either a character or a (smaller) string. | |
3613 This function really does alter the contents of STRING. | |
3614 Since it is impossible to change the length of an existing string, | |
3615 it is an error if OBJ doesn't fit within STRING's actual length. | |
3616 | |
3617 *** char-width returns the width (in columns) of the character CHAR, | |
3618 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window. | |
3619 | |
3620 *** string-width returns the width (in columns) of the text in STRING, | |
3621 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window. | |
3622 | |
3623 *** truncate-string-to-width shortens a string, if necessary, | |
3624 to fit within a certain number of columns. (Of course, it does | |
3625 not alter the string that you give it; it returns a new string | |
3626 which contains all or just part of the existing string.) | |
3627 | |
3628 (truncate-string-to-width STR END-COLUMN &optional START-COLUMN PADDING) | |
3629 | |
3630 This returns the part of STR up to column END-COLUMN. | |
3631 | |
3632 The optional argument START-COLUMN specifies the starting column. | |
3633 If this is non-nil, then the first START-COLUMN columns of the string | |
3634 are not included in the resulting value. | |
3635 | |
3636 The optional argument PADDING, if non-nil, is a padding character to be added | |
3637 at the beginning and end the resulting string, to extend it to exactly | |
3638 WIDTH columns. If PADDING is nil, that means do not pad; then, if STRING | |
3639 is narrower than WIDTH, the value is equal to STRING. | |
3640 | |
3641 If PADDING and START-COLUMN are both non-nil, and if there is no clean | |
3642 place in STRING that corresponds to START-COLUMN (because one | |
3643 character extends across that column), then the padding character | |
3644 PADDING is added one or more times at the beginning of the result | |
3645 string, so that its columns line up as if it really did start at | |
3646 column START-COLUMN. | |
3647 | |
3648 *** When the functions in the list after-change-functions are called, | |
3649 the third argument is the number of bytes in the pre-change text, not | |
3650 necessarily the number of characters. It is, in effect, the | |
3651 difference in buffer position between the beginning and the end of the | |
3652 changed text, before the change. | |
3653 | |
3654 *** The characters Emacs uses are classified in various character | |
3655 sets, each of which has a name which is a symbol. In general there is | |
3656 one character set for each script, not for each language. | |
3657 | |
3658 **** The function charsetp tests whether an object is a character set name. | |
3659 | |
3660 **** The variable charset-list holds a list of character set names. | |
3661 | |
3662 **** char-charset, given a character code, returns the name of the character | |
3663 set that the character belongs to. (The value is a symbol.) | |
3664 | |
3665 **** split-char, given a character code, returns a list containing the | |
3666 name of the character set, followed by one or two byte-values | |
3667 which identify the character within that character set. | |
3668 | |
3669 **** make-char, given a character set name and one or two subsequent | |
3670 byte-values, constructs a character code. This is roughly the | |
3671 opposite of split-char. | |
3672 | |
3673 **** find-charset-region returns a list of the character sets | |
3674 of all the characters between BEG and END. | |
3675 | |
3676 **** find-charset-string returns a list of the character sets | |
3677 of all the characters in a string. | |
3678 | |
3679 *** Here are the Lisp facilities for working with coding systems | |
3680 and specifying coding systems. | |
3681 | |
3682 **** The function coding-system-list returns a list of all coding | |
3683 system names (symbols). With optional argument t, it returns a list | |
3684 of all distinct base coding systems, not including variants. | |
3685 (Variant coding systems are those like latin-1-dos, latin-1-unix | |
3686 and latin-1-mac which specify the end-of-line conversion as well | |
3687 as what to do about code conversion.) | |
3688 | |
3689 **** coding-system-p tests a symbol to see if it is a coding system | |
3690 name. It returns t if so, nil if not. | |
3691 | |
3692 **** file-coding-system-alist specifies which coding systems to use | |
3693 for certain file names. It works like network-coding-system-alist, | |
3694 except that the PATTERN is matched against the file name. | |
3695 | |
3696 Each element has the format (PATTERN . VAL), where PATTERN determines | |
3697 which file names the element applies to. PATTERN should be a regexp | |
3698 to match against a file name. | |
3699 | |
3700 VAL is a coding system, a cons cell containing two coding systems, or | |
3701 a function symbol. If VAL is a coding system, it is used for both | |
3702 decoding what received from the network stream and encoding what sent | |
3703 to the network stream. If VAL is a cons cell containing two coding | |
3704 systems, the car specifies the coding system for decoding, and the cdr | |
3705 specifies the coding system for encoding. | |
3706 | |
3707 If VAL is a function symbol, the function must return a coding system | |
3708 or a cons cell containing two coding systems, which is used as above. | |
3709 | |
3710 **** The variable network-coding-system-alist specifies | |
3711 the coding system to use for network sockets. | |
3712 | |
3713 Each element has the format (PATTERN . VAL), where PATTERN determines | |
3714 which network sockets the element applies to. PATTERN should be | |
3715 either a port number or a regular expression matching some network | |
3716 service names. | |
3717 | |
3718 VAL is a coding system, a cons cell containing two coding systems, or | |
3719 a function symbol. If VAL is a coding system, it is used for both | |
3720 decoding what received from the network stream and encoding what sent | |
3721 to the network stream. If VAL is a cons cell containing two coding | |
3722 systems, the car specifies the coding system for decoding, and the cdr | |
3723 specifies the coding system for encoding. | |
3724 | |
3725 If VAL is a function symbol, the function must return a coding system | |
3726 or a cons cell containing two coding systems, which is used as above. | |
3727 | |
3728 **** process-coding-system-alist specifies which coding systems to use | |
3729 for certain subprocess. It works like network-coding-system-alist, | |
3730 except that the PATTERN is matched against the program name used to | |
3731 start the subprocess. | |
3732 | |
3733 **** The variable default-process-coding-system specifies the coding | |
3734 systems to use for subprocess (and net connection) input and output, | |
3735 when nothing else specifies what to do. The value is a cons cell | |
3736 (OUTPUT-CODING . INPUT-CODING). OUTPUT-CODING applies to output | |
3737 to the subprocess, and INPUT-CODING applies to input from it. | |
3738 | |
3739 **** The variable coding-system-for-write, if non-nil, specifies the | |
3740 coding system to use for writing a file, or for output to a synchronous | |
3741 subprocess. | |
3742 | |
3743 It also applies to any asynchronous subprocess or network connection, | |
3744 but in a different way: the value of coding-system-for-write when you | |
3745 start the subprocess or connection affects that subprocess or | |
3746 connection permanently or until overridden. | |
3747 | |
3748 The variable coding-system-for-write takes precedence over | |
3749 file-coding-system-alist, process-coding-system-alist and | |
3750 network-coding-system-alist, and all other methods of specifying a | |
3751 coding system for output. But most of the time this variable is nil. | |
3752 It exists so that Lisp programs can bind it to a specific coding | |
3753 system for one operation at a time. | |
3754 | |
3755 **** coding-system-for-read applies similarly to input from | |
3756 files, subprocesses or network connections. | |
3757 | |
3758 **** The function process-coding-system tells you what | |
3759 coding systems(s) an existing subprocess is using. | |
3760 The value is a cons cell, | |
3761 (DECODING-CODING-SYSTEM . ENCODING-CODING-SYSTEM) | |
3762 where DECODING-CODING-SYSTEM is used for decoding output from | |
3763 the subprocess, and ENCODING-CODING-SYSTEM is used for encoding | |
3764 input to the subprocess. | |
3765 | |
3766 **** The function set-process-coding-system can be used to | |
3767 change the coding systems in use for an existing subprocess. | |
3768 | |
3769 ** Emacs has a new facility to help users manage the many | |
3770 customization options. To make a Lisp program work with this facility, | |
3771 you need to use the new macros defgroup and defcustom. | |
3772 | |
3773 You use defcustom instead of defvar, for defining a user option | |
3774 variable. The difference is that you specify two additional pieces of | |
3775 information (usually): the "type" which says what values are | |
3776 legitimate, and the "group" which specifies the hierarchy for | |
3777 customization. | |
3778 | |
3779 Thus, instead of writing | |
3780 | |
3781 (defvar foo-blurgoze nil | |
3782 "*Non-nil means that foo will act very blurgozely.") | |
3783 | |
3784 you would now write this: | |
3785 | |
3786 (defcustom foo-blurgoze nil | |
3787 "*Non-nil means that foo will act very blurgozely." | |
3788 :type 'boolean | |
3789 :group foo) | |
3790 | |
3791 The type `boolean' means that this variable has only | |
3792 two meaningful states: nil and non-nil. Other type values | |
3793 describe other possibilities; see the manual for Custom | |
3794 for a description of them. | |
3795 | |
3796 The "group" argument is used to specify a group which the option | |
3797 should belong to. You define a new group like this: | |
3798 | |
3799 (defgroup ispell nil | |
3800 "Spell checking using Ispell." | |
3801 :group 'processes) | |
3802 | |
3803 The "group" argument in defgroup specifies the parent group. The root | |
3804 group is called `emacs'; it should not contain any variables itself, | |
3805 but only other groups. The immediate subgroups of `emacs' correspond | |
3806 to the keywords used by C-h p. Under these subgroups come | |
3807 second-level subgroups that belong to individual packages. | |
3808 | |
3809 Each Emacs package should have its own set of groups. A simple | |
3810 package should have just one group; a more complex package should | |
3811 have a hierarchy of its own groups. The sole or root group of a | |
3812 package should be a subgroup of one or more of the "keyword" | |
3813 first-level subgroups. | |
3814 | |
3815 ** New `widget' library for inserting UI components in buffers. | |
3816 | |
3817 This library, used by the new custom library, is documented in a | |
3818 separate manual that accompanies Emacs. | |
3819 | |
3820 ** easy-mmode | |
3821 | |
3822 The easy-mmode package provides macros and functions that make | |
3823 developing minor modes easier. Roughly, the programmer has to code | |
3824 only the functionality of the minor mode. All the rest--toggles, | |
3825 predicate, and documentation--can be done in one call to the macro | |
3826 `easy-mmode-define-minor-mode' (see the documentation). See also | |
3827 `easy-mmode-define-keymap'. | |
3828 | |
3829 ** Text property changes | |
3830 | |
3831 *** The `intangible' property now works on overlays as well as on a | |
3832 text property. | |
3833 | |
3834 *** The new functions next-char-property-change and | |
3835 previous-char-property-change scan through the buffer looking for a | |
3836 place where either a text property or an overlay might change. The | |
3837 functions take two arguments, POSITION and LIMIT. POSITION is the | |
3838 starting position for the scan. LIMIT says where to stop the scan. | |
3839 | |
3840 If no property change is found before LIMIT, the value is LIMIT. If | |
3841 LIMIT is nil, scan goes to the beginning or end of the accessible part | |
3842 of the buffer. If no property change is found, the value is the | |
3843 position of the beginning or end of the buffer. | |
3844 | |
3845 *** In the `local-map' text property or overlay property, the property | |
3846 value can now be a symbol whose function definition is a keymap. This | |
3847 is an alternative to using the keymap itself. | |
3848 | |
3849 ** Changes in invisibility features | |
3850 | |
3851 *** Isearch can now temporarily show parts of the buffer which are | |
3852 hidden by an overlay with a invisible property, when the search match | |
3853 is inside that portion of the buffer. To enable this the overlay | |
3854 should have a isearch-open-invisible property which is a function that | |
3855 would be called having the overlay as an argument, the function should | |
3856 make the overlay visible. | |
3857 | |
3858 During incremental search the overlays are shown by modifying the | |
3859 invisible and intangible properties, if beside this more actions are | |
3860 needed the overlay should have a isearch-open-invisible-temporary | |
3861 which is a function. The function is called with 2 arguments: one is | |
3862 the overlay and the second is nil when it should show the overlay and | |
3863 t when it should hide it. | |
3864 | |
3865 *** add-to-invisibility-spec, remove-from-invisibility-spec | |
3866 | |
3867 Modes that use overlays to hide portions of a buffer should set the | |
3868 invisible property of the overlay to the mode's name (or another symbol) | |
3869 and modify the `buffer-invisibility-spec' to include that symbol. | |
3870 Use `add-to-invisibility-spec' and `remove-from-invisibility-spec' to | |
3871 manipulate the `buffer-invisibility-spec'. | |
3872 Here is an example of how to do this: | |
3873 | |
3874 ;; If we want to display an ellipsis: | |
3875 (add-to-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t)) | |
3876 ;; If you don't want ellipsis: | |
3877 (add-to-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol) | |
3878 | |
3879 ... | |
3880 (overlay-put (make-overlay beginning end) 'invisible 'my-symbol) | |
3881 | |
3882 ... | |
3883 ;; When done with the overlays: | |
3884 (remove-from-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t)) | |
3885 ;; Or respectively: | |
3886 (remove-from-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol) | |
3887 | |
3888 ** Changes in syntax parsing. | |
3889 | |
3890 *** The syntax-directed buffer-scan functions (such as | |
3891 `parse-partial-sexp', `forward-word' and similar functions) can now | |
3892 obey syntax information specified by text properties, if the variable | |
3893 `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is non-nil. | |
3894 | |
3895 If the value of `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is nil, the behavior | |
3896 is as before: the syntax-table of the current buffer is always | |
3897 used to determine the syntax of the character at the position. | |
3898 | |
3899 When `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is non-nil, the syntax of a | |
3900 character in the buffer is calculated thus: | |
3901 | |
3902 a) if the `syntax-table' text-property of that character | |
3903 is a cons, this cons becomes the syntax-type; | |
3904 | |
3905 Valid values of `syntax-table' text-property are: nil, a valid | |
3906 syntax-table, and a valid syntax-table element, i.e., | |
3907 a cons cell of the form (SYNTAX-CODE . MATCHING-CHAR). | |
3908 | |
3909 b) if the character's `syntax-table' text-property | |
3910 is a syntax table, this syntax table is used | |
3911 (instead of the syntax-table of the current buffer) to | |
3912 determine the syntax type of the character. | |
3913 | |
3914 c) otherwise the syntax-type is determined by the syntax-table | |
3915 of the current buffer. | |
3916 | |
3917 *** The meaning of \s in regular expressions is also affected by the | |
3918 value of `parse-sexp-lookup-properties'. The details are the same as | |
3919 for the syntax-directed buffer-scan functions. | |
3920 | |
3921 *** There are two new syntax-codes, `!' and `|' (numeric values 14 | |
3922 and 15). A character with a code `!' starts a comment which is ended | |
3923 only by another character with the same code (unless quoted). A | |
3924 character with a code `|' starts a string which is ended only by | |
3925 another character with the same code (unless quoted). | |
3926 | |
3927 These codes are mainly meant for use as values of the `syntax-table' | |
3928 text property. | |
3929 | |
3930 *** The function `parse-partial-sexp' has new semantics for the sixth | |
3931 arg COMMENTSTOP. If it is `syntax-table', parse stops after the start | |
3932 of a comment or a string, or after end of a comment or a string. | |
3933 | |
3934 *** The state-list which the return value from `parse-partial-sexp' | |
3935 (and can also be used as an argument) now has an optional ninth | |
3936 element: the character address of the start of last comment or string; | |
3937 nil if none. The fourth and eighth elements have special values if the | |
3938 string/comment is started by a "!" or "|" syntax-code. | |
3939 | |
3940 *** Since new features of `parse-partial-sexp' allow a complete | |
3941 syntactic parsing, `font-lock' no longer supports | |
3942 `font-lock-comment-start-regexp'. | |
3943 | |
3944 ** Changes in face features | |
3945 | |
3946 *** The face functions are now unconditionally defined in Emacs, even | |
3947 if it does not support displaying on a device that supports faces. | |
3948 | |
3949 *** The function face-documentation returns the documentation string | |
3950 of a face (or nil if it doesn't have one). | |
3951 | |
3952 *** The function face-bold-p returns t if a face should be bold. | |
3953 set-face-bold-p sets that flag. | |
3954 | |
3955 *** The function face-italic-p returns t if a face should be italic. | |
3956 set-face-italic-p sets that flag. | |
3957 | |
3958 *** You can now specify foreground and background colors for text | |
3959 by adding elements of the form (foreground-color . COLOR-NAME) | |
3960 and (background-color . COLOR-NAME) to the list of faces in | |
3961 the `face' property (either the character's text property or an | |
3962 overlay property). | |
3963 | |
3964 This means that you no longer need to create named faces to use | |
3965 arbitrary colors in a Lisp package. | |
3966 | |
3967 ** Changes in file-handling functions | |
3968 | |
3969 *** File-access primitive functions no longer discard an extra redundant | |
3970 directory name from the beginning of the file name. In other words, | |
3971 they no longer do anything special with // or /~. That conversion | |
3972 is now done only in substitute-in-file-name. | |
3973 | |
3974 This makes it possible for a Lisp program to open a file whose name | |
3975 begins with ~. | |
3976 | |
3977 *** If copy-file is unable to set the date of the output file, | |
3978 it now signals an error with the condition file-date-error. | |
3979 | |
3980 *** The inode number returned by file-attributes may be an integer (if | |
3981 the number fits in a Lisp integer) or a list of integers. | |
3982 | |
3983 *** insert-file-contents can now read from a special file, | |
3984 as long as the arguments VISIT and REPLACE are nil. | |
3985 | |
3986 *** The RAWFILE arg to find-file-noselect, if non-nil, now suppresses | |
3987 character code conversion as well as other things. | |
3988 | |
3989 Meanwhile, this feature does work with remote file names | |
3990 (formerly it did not). | |
3991 | |
3992 *** Lisp packages which create temporary files should use the TMPDIR | |
3993 environment variable to decide which directory to put them in. | |
3994 | |
3995 *** interpreter-mode-alist elements now specify regexps | |
3996 instead of constant strings. | |
3997 | |
3998 *** expand-file-name no longer treats `//' or `/~' specially. It used | |
3999 to delete all the text of a file name up through the first slash of | |
4000 any `//' or `/~' sequence. Now it passes them straight through. | |
4001 | |
4002 substitute-in-file-name continues to treat those sequences specially, | |
4003 in the same way as before. | |
4004 | |
4005 *** The variable `format-alist' is more general now. | |
4006 The FROM-FN and TO-FN in a format definition can now be strings | |
4007 which specify shell commands to use as filters to perform conversion. | |
4008 | |
4009 *** The new function access-file tries to open a file, and signals an | |
4010 error if that fails. If the open succeeds, access-file does nothing | |
4011 else, and returns nil. | |
4012 | |
4013 *** The function insert-directory now signals an error if the specified | |
4014 directory cannot be listed. | |
4015 | |
4016 ** Changes in minibuffer input | |
4017 | |
4018 *** The functions read-buffer, read-variable, read-command, read-string | |
4019 read-file-name, read-from-minibuffer and completing-read now take an | |
4020 additional argument which specifies the default value. If this | |
4021 argument is non-nil, it should be a string; that string is used in two | |
4022 ways: | |
4023 | |
4024 It is returned if the user enters empty input. | |
4025 It is available through the history command M-n. | |
4026 | |
4027 *** The functions read-string, read-from-minibuffer, | |
4028 read-no-blanks-input and completing-read now take an additional | |
4029 argument INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD. If this is non-nil, then the | |
4030 minibuffer inherits the current input method and the setting of | |
4031 enable-multibyte-characters from the previously current buffer. | |
4032 | |
4033 In an interactive spec, you can use M instead of s to read an | |
4034 argument in this way. | |
4035 | |
4036 *** All minibuffer input functions discard text properties | |
4037 from the text you enter in the minibuffer, unless the variable | |
4038 minibuffer-allow-text-properties is non-nil. | |
4039 | |
4040 ** Echo area features | |
4041 | |
4042 *** Clearing the echo area now runs the normal hook | |
4043 echo-area-clear-hook. Note that the echo area can be used while the | |
4044 minibuffer is active; in that case, the minibuffer is still active | |
4045 after the echo area is cleared. | |
4046 | |
4047 *** The function current-message returns the message currently displayed | |
4048 in the echo area, or nil if there is none. | |
4049 | |
4050 ** Keyboard input features | |
4051 | |
4052 *** tty-erase-char is a new variable that reports which character was | |
4053 set up as the terminal's erase character when time Emacs was started. | |
4054 | |
4055 *** num-nonmacro-input-events is the total number of input events | |
4056 received so far from the terminal. It does not count those generated | |
4057 by keyboard macros. | |
4058 | |
4059 ** Frame-related changes | |
4060 | |
4061 *** make-frame runs the normal hook before-make-frame-hook just before | |
4062 creating a frame, and just after creating a frame it runs the abnormal | |
4063 hook after-make-frame-functions with the new frame as arg. | |
4064 | |
4065 *** The new hook window-configuration-change-hook is now run every time | |
4066 the window configuration has changed. The frame whose configuration | |
4067 has changed is the selected frame when the hook is run. | |
4068 | |
4069 *** Each frame now independently records the order for recently | |
4070 selected buffers, in its buffer-list frame parameter, so that the | |
4071 value of other-buffer is now based on the buffers recently displayed | |
4072 in the selected frame. | |
4073 | |
4074 *** The value of the frame parameter vertical-scroll-bars | |
4075 is now `left', `right' or nil. A non-nil value specifies | |
4076 which side of the window to put the scroll bars on. | |
4077 | |
4078 ** X Windows features | |
4079 | |
4080 *** You can examine X resources for other applications by binding | |
4081 x-resource-class around a call to x-get-resource. The usual value of | |
4082 x-resource-class is "Emacs", which is the correct value for Emacs. | |
4083 | |
4084 *** In menus, checkboxes and radio buttons now actually work. | |
4085 The menu displays the current status of the box or button. | |
4086 | |
4087 *** The function x-list-fonts now takes an optional fourth argument | |
4088 MAXIMUM which sets a limit on how many matching fonts to return. | |
4089 A smaller value of MAXIMUM makes the function faster. | |
4090 | |
4091 If the only question is whether *any* font matches the pattern, | |
4092 it is good to supply 1 for this argument. | |
4093 | |
4094 ** Subprocess features | |
4095 | |
4096 *** A reminder: it is no longer necessary for subprocess filter | |
4097 functions and sentinels to do save-match-data, because Emacs does this | |
4098 automatically. | |
4099 | |
4100 *** The new function shell-command-to-string executes a shell command | |
4101 and returns the output from the command as a string. | |
4102 | |
4103 *** The new function process-contact returns t for a child process, | |
4104 and (HOSTNAME SERVICE) for a net connection. | |
4105 | |
4106 ** An error in running pre-command-hook or post-command-hook | |
4107 does clear the variable to nil. The documentation was wrong before. | |
4108 | |
4109 ** In define-key-after, if AFTER is t, the new binding now always goes | |
4110 at the end of the keymap. If the keymap is a menu, this means it | |
4111 goes after the other menu items. | |
4112 | |
4113 ** If you have a program that makes several changes in the same area | |
4114 of the buffer, you can use the macro combine-after-change-calls | |
4115 around that Lisp code to make it faster when after-change hooks | |
4116 are in use. | |
4117 | |
4118 The macro arranges to call the after-change functions just once for a | |
4119 series of several changes--if that seems safe. | |
4120 | |
4121 Don't alter the variables after-change-functions and | |
4122 after-change-function within the body of a combine-after-change-calls | |
4123 form. | |
4124 | |
4125 ** If you define an abbrev (with define-abbrev) whose EXPANSION | |
4126 is not a string, then the abbrev does not expand in the usual sense, | |
4127 but its hook is still run. | |
4128 | |
4129 ** Normally, the Lisp debugger is not used (even if you have enabled it) | |
4130 for errors that are handled by condition-case. | |
4131 | |
4132 If you set debug-on-signal to a non-nil value, then the debugger is called | |
4133 regardless of whether there is a handler for the condition. This is | |
4134 useful for debugging problems that happen inside of a condition-case. | |
4135 | |
4136 This mode of operation seems to be unreliable in other ways. Errors that | |
4137 are normal and ought to be handled, perhaps in timers or process | |
4138 filters, will instead invoke the debugger. So don't say you weren't | |
4139 warned. | |
4140 | |
4141 ** The new variable ring-bell-function lets you specify your own | |
4142 way for Emacs to "ring the bell". | |
4143 | |
4144 ** If run-at-time's TIME argument is t, the action is repeated at | |
4145 integral multiples of REPEAT from the epoch; this is useful for | |
4146 functions like display-time. | |
4147 | |
4148 ** You can use the function locate-library to find the precise file | |
4149 name of a Lisp library. This isn't new, but wasn't documented before. | |
4150 | |
4151 ** Commands for entering view mode have new optional arguments that | |
4152 can be used from Lisp. Low-level entrance to and exit from view mode | |
4153 is done by functions view-mode-enter and view-mode-exit. | |
4154 | |
4155 ** batch-byte-compile-file now makes Emacs return a nonzero status code | |
4156 if there is an error in compilation. | |
4157 | |
4158 ** pop-to-buffer, switch-to-buffer-other-window and | |
4159 switch-to-buffer-other-frame now accept an additional optional | |
4160 argument NORECORD, much like switch-to-buffer. If it is non-nil, | |
4161 they don't put the buffer at the front of the buffer list. | |
4162 | |
4163 ** If your .emacs file leaves the *scratch* buffer non-empty, | |
4164 Emacs does not display the startup message, so as to avoid changing | |
4165 the *scratch* buffer. | |
4166 | |
4167 ** The new function regexp-opt returns an efficient regexp to match a string. | |
4168 The arguments are STRINGS and (optionally) PAREN. This function can be used | |
4169 where regexp matching or searching is intensively used and speed is important, | |
4170 e.g., in Font Lock mode. | |
4171 | |
4172 ** The variable buffer-display-count is local to each buffer, | |
4173 and is incremented each time the buffer is displayed in a window. | |
4174 It starts at 0 when the buffer is created. | |
4175 | |
4176 ** The new function compose-mail starts composing a mail message | |
4177 using the user's chosen mail composition agent (specified with the | |
4178 variable mail-user-agent). It has variants compose-mail-other-window | |
4179 and compose-mail-other-frame. | |
4180 | |
4181 ** The `user-full-name' function now takes an optional parameter which | |
4182 can either be a number (the UID) or a string (the login name). The | |
4183 full name of the specified user will be returned. | |
4184 | |
4185 ** Lisp packages that load files of customizations, or any other sort | |
4186 of user profile, should obey the variable init-file-user in deciding | |
4187 where to find it. They should load the profile of the user name found | |
4188 in that variable. If init-file-user is nil, meaning that the -q | |
4189 option was used, then Lisp packages should not load the customization | |
4190 files at all. | |
4191 | |
4192 ** format-time-string now allows you to specify the field width | |
4193 and type of padding. This works as in printf: you write the field | |
4194 width as digits in the middle of a %-construct. If you start | |
4195 the field width with 0, it means to pad with zeros. | |
4196 | |
4197 For example, %S normally specifies the number of seconds since the | |
4198 minute; %03S means to pad this with zeros to 3 positions, %_3S to pad | |
4199 with spaces to 3 positions. Plain %3S pads with zeros, because that | |
4200 is how %S normally pads to two positions. | |
4201 | |
4202 ** thing-at-point now supports a new kind of "thing": url. | |
4203 | |
4204 ** imenu.el changes. | |
4205 | |
4206 You can now specify a function to be run when selecting an | |
4207 item from menu created by imenu. | |
4208 | |
4209 An example of using this feature: if we define imenu items for the | |
4210 #include directives in a C file, we can open the included file when we | |
4211 select one of those items. | |
4212 | |
4213 * Emacs 19.34 is a bug-fix release with no user-visible changes. | |
4214 | |
4215 * Changes in Emacs 19.33. | |
4216 | |
4217 ** Bibtex mode no longer turns on Auto Fill automatically. (No major | |
4218 mode should do that--it is the user's choice.) | |
4219 | |
4220 ** The variable normal-auto-fill-function specifies the function to | |
4221 use for auto-fill-function, if and when Auto Fill is turned on. | |
4222 Major modes can set this locally to alter how Auto Fill works. | |
4223 | |
4224 * Editing Changes in Emacs 19.32 | |
4225 | |
4226 ** C-x f with no argument now signals an error. | |
4227 To set the fill column at the current column, use C-u C-x f. | |
4228 | |
4229 ** Expanding dynamic abbrevs with M-/ is now smarter about case | |
4230 conversion. If you type the abbreviation with mixed case, and it | |
4231 matches the beginning of the expansion including case, then the | |
4232 expansion is copied verbatim. Using SPC M-/ to copy an additional | |
4233 word always copies it verbatim except when the previous copied word is | |
4234 all caps. | |
4235 | |
4236 ** On a non-windowing terminal, which can display only one Emacs frame | |
4237 at a time, creating a new frame with C-x 5 2 also selects that frame. | |
4238 | |
4239 When using a display that can show multiple frames at once, C-x 5 2 | |
4240 does make the frame visible, but does not select it. This is the same | |
4241 as in previous Emacs versions. | |
4242 | |
4243 ** You can use C-x 5 2 to create multiple frames on MSDOS, just as on a | |
4244 non-X terminal on Unix. Of course, only one frame is visible at any | |
4245 time, since your terminal doesn't have the ability to display multiple | |
4246 frames. | |
4247 | |
4248 ** On Windows, set win32-pass-alt-to-system to a non-nil value | |
4249 if you would like tapping the Alt key to invoke the Windows menu. | |
4250 This feature is not enabled by default; since the Alt key is also the | |
4251 Meta key, it is too easy and painful to activate this feature by | |
4252 accident. | |
4253 | |
4254 ** The command apply-macro-to-region-lines repeats the last defined | |
4255 keyboard macro once for each complete line within the current region. | |
4256 It does this line by line, by moving point to the beginning of that | |
4257 line and then executing the macro. | |
4258 | |
4259 This command is not new, but was never documented before. | |
4260 | |
4261 ** You can now use Mouse-1 to place the region around a string constant | |
4262 (something surrounded by doublequote characters or other delimiter | |
4263 characters of like syntax) by double-clicking on one of the delimiting | |
4264 characters. | |
4265 | |
4266 ** Font Lock mode | |
4267 | |
4268 *** Font Lock support modes | |
4269 | |
4270 Font Lock can be configured to use Fast Lock mode and Lazy Lock mode (see | |
4271 below) in a flexible way. Rather than adding the appropriate function to the | |
4272 hook font-lock-mode-hook, you can use the new variable font-lock-support-mode | |
4273 to control which modes have Fast Lock mode or Lazy Lock mode turned on when | |
4274 Font Lock mode is enabled. | |
4275 | |
4276 For example, to use Fast Lock mode when Font Lock mode is turned on, put: | |
4277 | |
4278 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'fast-lock-mode) | |
4279 | |
4280 in your ~/.emacs. | |
4281 | |
4282 *** lazy-lock | |
4283 | |
4284 The lazy-lock package speeds up Font Lock mode by making fontification occur | |
4285 only when necessary, such as when a previously unfontified part of the buffer | |
4286 becomes visible in a window. When you create a buffer with Font Lock mode and | |
4287 Lazy Lock mode turned on, the buffer is not fontified. When certain events | |
4288 occur (such as scrolling), Lazy Lock makes sure that the visible parts of the | |
4289 buffer are fontified. Lazy Lock also defers on-the-fly fontification until | |
4290 Emacs has been idle for a given amount of time. | |
4291 | |
4292 To use this package, put in your ~/.emacs: | |
4293 | |
4294 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode) | |
4295 | |
4296 To control the package behaviour, see the documentation for `lazy-lock-mode'. | |
4297 | |
4298 ** Changes in BibTeX mode. | |
4299 | |
4300 *** For all entries allow spaces and tabs between opening brace or | |
4301 paren and key. | |
4302 | |
4303 *** Non-escaped double-quoted characters (as in `Sch"of') are now | |
4304 supported. | |
4305 | |
4306 ** Gnus changes. | |
4307 | |
4308 Gnus, the Emacs news reader, has undergone further rewriting. Many new | |
4309 commands and variables have been added. There should be no | |
4310 significant incompatibilities between this Gnus version and the | |
4311 previously released version, except in the message composition area. | |
4312 | |
4313 Below is a list of the more user-visible changes. Coding changes | |
4314 between Gnus 5.1 and 5.2 are more extensive. | |
4315 | |
4316 *** A new message composition mode is used. All old customization | |
4317 variables for mail-mode, rnews-reply-mode and gnus-msg are now | |
4318 obsolete. | |
4319 | |
4320 *** Gnus is now able to generate "sparse" threads -- threads where | |
4321 missing articles are represented by empty nodes. | |
4322 | |
4323 (setq gnus-build-sparse-threads 'some) | |
4324 | |
4325 *** Outgoing articles are stored on a special archive server. | |
4326 | |
4327 To disable this: (setq gnus-message-archive-group nil) | |
4328 | |
4329 *** Partial thread regeneration now happens when articles are | |
4330 referred. | |
4331 | |
4332 *** Gnus can make use of GroupLens predictions: | |
4333 | |
4334 (setq gnus-use-grouplens t) | |
4335 | |
4336 *** A trn-line tree buffer can be displayed. | |
4337 | |
4338 (setq gnus-use-trees t) | |
4339 | |
4340 *** An nn-like pick-and-read minor mode is available for the summary | |
4341 buffers. | |
4342 | |
4343 (add-hook 'gnus-summary-mode-hook 'gnus-pick-mode) | |
4344 | |
4345 *** In binary groups you can use a special binary minor mode: | |
4346 | |
4347 `M-x gnus-binary-mode' | |
4348 | |
4349 *** Groups can be grouped in a folding topic hierarchy. | |
4350 | |
4351 (add-hook 'gnus-group-mode-hook 'gnus-topic-mode) | |
4352 | |
4353 *** Gnus can re-send and bounce mail. | |
4354 | |
4355 Use the `S D r' and `S D b'. | |
4356 | |
4357 *** Groups can now have a score, and bubbling based on entry frequency | |
4358 is possible. | |
4359 | |
4360 (add-hook 'gnus-summary-exit-hook 'gnus-summary-bubble-group) | |
4361 | |
4362 *** Groups can be process-marked, and commands can be performed on | |
4363 groups of groups. | |
4364 | |
4365 *** Caching is possible in virtual groups. | |
4366 | |
4367 *** nndoc now understands all kinds of digests, mail boxes, rnews news | |
4368 batches, ClariNet briefs collections, and just about everything else. | |
4369 | |
4370 *** Gnus has a new backend (nnsoup) to create/read SOUP packets. | |
4371 | |
4372 *** The Gnus cache is much faster. | |
4373 | |
4374 *** Groups can be sorted according to many criteria. | |
4375 | |
4376 For instance: (setq gnus-group-sort-function 'gnus-group-sort-by-rank) | |
4377 | |
4378 *** New group parameters have been introduced to set list-address and | |
4379 expiration times. | |
4380 | |
4381 *** All formatting specs allow specifying faces to be used. | |
4382 | |
4383 *** There are several more commands for setting/removing/acting on | |
4384 process marked articles on the `M P' submap. | |
4385 | |
4386 *** The summary buffer can be limited to show parts of the available | |
4387 articles based on a wide range of criteria. These commands have been | |
4388 bound to keys on the `/' submap. | |
4389 | |
4390 *** Articles can be made persistent -- as an alternative to saving | |
4391 articles with the `*' command. | |
4392 | |
4393 *** All functions for hiding article elements are now toggles. | |
4394 | |
4395 *** Article headers can be buttonized. | |
4396 | |
4397 (add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook 'gnus-article-add-buttons-to-head) | |
4398 | |
4399 *** All mail backends support fetching articles by Message-ID. | |
4400 | |
4401 *** Duplicate mail can now be treated properly. See the | |
4402 `nnmail-treat-duplicates' variable. | |
4403 | |
4404 *** All summary mode commands are available directly from the article | |
4405 buffer. | |
4406 | |
4407 *** Frames can be part of `gnus-buffer-configuration'. | |
4408 | |
4409 *** Mail can be re-scanned by a daemonic process. | |
4410 | |
4411 *** Gnus can make use of NoCeM files to filter spam. | |
4412 | |
4413 (setq gnus-use-nocem t) | |
4414 | |
4415 *** Groups can be made permanently visible. | |
4416 | |
4417 (setq gnus-permanently-visible-groups "^nnml:") | |
4418 | |
4419 *** Many new hooks have been introduced to make customizing easier. | |
4420 | |
4421 *** Gnus respects the Mail-Copies-To header. | |
4422 | |
4423 *** Threads can be gathered by looking at the References header. | |
4424 | |
4425 (setq gnus-summary-thread-gathering-function | |
4426 'gnus-gather-threads-by-references) | |
4427 | |
4428 *** Read articles can be stored in a special backlog buffer to avoid | |
4429 refetching. | |
4430 | |
4431 (setq gnus-keep-backlog 50) | |
4432 | |
4433 *** A clean copy of the current article is always stored in a separate | |
4434 buffer to allow easier treatment. | |
4435 | |
4436 *** Gnus can suggest where to save articles. See `gnus-split-methods'. | |
4437 | |
4438 *** Gnus doesn't have to do as much prompting when saving. | |
4439 | |
4440 (setq gnus-prompt-before-saving t) | |
4441 | |
4442 *** gnus-uu can view decoded files asynchronously while fetching | |
4443 articles. | |
4444 | |
4445 (setq gnus-uu-grabbed-file-functions 'gnus-uu-grab-view) | |
4446 | |
4447 *** Filling in the article buffer now works properly on cited text. | |
4448 | |
4449 *** Hiding cited text adds buttons to toggle hiding, and how much | |
4450 cited text to hide is now customizable. | |
4451 | |
4452 (setq gnus-cited-lines-visible 2) | |
4453 | |
4454 *** Boring headers can be hidden. | |
4455 | |
4456 (add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook 'gnus-article-hide-boring-headers) | |
4457 | |
4458 *** Default scoring values can now be set from the menu bar. | |
4459 | |
4460 *** Further syntax checking of outgoing articles have been added. | |
4461 | |
4462 The Gnus manual has been expanded. It explains all these new features | |
4463 in greater detail. | |
4464 | |
4465 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 19.32 | |
4466 | |
4467 ** The function set-visited-file-name now accepts an optional | |
4468 second argument NO-QUERY. If it is non-nil, then the user is not | |
4469 asked for confirmation in the case where the specified file already | |
4470 exists. | |
4471 | |
4472 ** The variable print-length applies to printing vectors and bitvectors, | |
4473 as well as lists. | |
4474 | |
4475 ** The new function keymap-parent returns the parent keymap | |
4476 of a given keymap. | |
4477 | |
4478 ** The new function set-keymap-parent specifies a new parent for a | |
4479 given keymap. The arguments are KEYMAP and PARENT. PARENT must be a | |
4480 keymap or nil. | |
4481 | |
4482 ** Sometimes menu keymaps use a command name, a symbol, which is really | |
4483 an automatically generated alias for some other command, the "real" | |
4484 name. In such a case, you should give that alias symbol a non-nil | |
4485 menu-alias property. That property tells the menu system to look for | |
4486 equivalent keys for the real name instead of equivalent keys for the | |
4487 alias. | |
4488 | |
4489 * Editing Changes in Emacs 19.31 | |
4490 | |
4491 ** Freedom of the press restricted in the United States. | |
4492 | |
4493 Emacs has been censored in accord with the Communications Decency Act. | |
4494 This includes removing some features of the doctor program. That law | |
4495 was described by its supporters as a ban on pornography, but it bans | |
4496 far more than that. The Emacs distribution has never contained any | |
4497 pornography, but parts of it were nonetheless prohibited. | |
4498 | |
4499 For information on US government censorship of the Internet, and what | |
4500 you can do to bring back freedom of the press, see the web site | |
4501 `http://www.vtw.org/'. | |
4502 | |
4503 ** A note about C mode indentation customization. | |
4504 | |
4505 The old (Emacs 19.29) ways of specifying a C indentation style | |
4506 do not normally work in the new implementation of C mode. | |
4507 It has its own methods of customizing indentation, which are | |
4508 much more powerful than the old C mode. See the Editing Programs | |
4509 chapter of the manual for details. | |
4510 | |
4511 However, you can load the library cc-compat to make the old | |
4512 customization variables take effect. | |
4513 | |
4514 ** Marking with the mouse. | |
4515 | |
4516 When you mark a region with the mouse, the region now remains | |
4517 highlighted until the next input event, regardless of whether you are | |
4518 using M-x transient-mark-mode. | |
4519 | |
4520 ** Improved Windows NT/95 support. | |
4521 | |
4522 *** Emacs now supports scroll bars on Windows NT and Windows 95. | |
4523 | |
4524 *** Emacs now supports subprocesses on Windows 95. (Subprocesses used | |
4525 to work on NT only and not on 95.) | |
4526 | |
4527 *** There are difficulties with subprocesses, though, due to problems | |
4528 in Windows, beyond the control of Emacs. They work fine as long as | |
4529 you run Windows applications. The problems arise when you run a DOS | |
4530 application in a subprocesses. Since current shells run as DOS | |
4531 applications, these problems are significant. | |
4532 | |
4533 If you run a DOS application in a subprocess, then the application is | |
4534 likely to busy-wait, which means that your machine will be 100% busy. | |
4535 However, if you don't mind the temporary heavy load, the subprocess | |
4536 will work OK as long as you tell it to terminate before you start any | |
4537 other DOS application as a subprocess. | |
4538 | |
4539 Emacs is unable to terminate or interrupt a DOS subprocess. | |
4540 You have to do this by providing input directly to the subprocess. | |
4541 | |
4542 If you run two DOS applications at the same time in two separate | |
4543 subprocesses, even if one of them is asynchronous, you will probably | |
4544 have to reboot your machine--until then, it will remain 100% busy. | |
4545 Windows simply does not cope when one Windows process tries to run two | |
4546 separate DOS subprocesses. Typing CTL-ALT-DEL and then choosing | |
4547 Shutdown seems to work although it may take a few minutes. | |
4548 | |
4549 ** M-x resize-minibuffer-mode. | |
4550 | |
4551 This command, not previously mentioned in NEWS, toggles a mode in | |
4552 which the minibuffer window expands to show as many lines as the | |
4553 minibuffer contains. | |
4554 | |
4555 ** `title' frame parameter and resource. | |
4556 | |
4557 The `title' X resource now specifies just the frame title, nothing else. | |
4558 It does not affect the name used for looking up other X resources. | |
4559 It works by setting the new `title' frame parameter, which likewise | |
4560 affects just the displayed title of the frame. | |
4561 | |
4562 The `name' parameter continues to do what it used to do: | |
4563 it specifies the frame name for looking up X resources, | |
4564 and also serves as the default for the displayed title | |
4565 when the `title' parameter is unspecified or nil. | |
4566 | |
4567 ** Emacs now uses the X toolkit by default, if you have a new | |
4568 enough version of X installed (X11R5 or newer). | |
4569 | |
4570 ** When you compile Emacs with the Motif widget set, Motif handles the | |
4571 F10 key by activating the menu bar. To avoid confusion, the usual | |
4572 Emacs binding of F10 is replaced with a no-op when using Motif. | |
4573 | |
4574 If you want to be able to use F10 in Emacs, you can rebind the Motif | |
4575 menubar to some other key which you don't use. To do so, add | |
4576 something like this to your X resources file. This example rebinds | |
4577 the Motif menu bar activation key to S-F12: | |
4578 | |
4579 Emacs*defaultVirtualBindings: osfMenuBar : Shift<Key>F12 | |
4580 | |
4581 ** In overwrite mode, DEL now inserts spaces in most cases | |
4582 to replace the characters it "deletes". | |
4583 | |
4584 ** The Rmail summary now shows the number of lines in each message. | |
4585 | |
4586 ** Rmail has a new command M-x unforward-rmail-message, which extracts | |
4587 a forwarded message from the message that forwarded it. To use it, | |
4588 select a message which contains a forwarded message and then type the command. | |
4589 It inserts the forwarded message as a separate Rmail message | |
4590 immediately after the selected one. | |
4591 | |
4592 This command also undoes the textual modifications that are standardly | |
4593 made, as part of forwarding, by Rmail and other mail reader programs. | |
4594 | |
4595 ** Turning off saving of .saves-... files in your home directory. | |
4596 | |
4597 Each Emacs session writes a file named .saves-... in your home | |
4598 directory to record which files M-x recover-session should recover. | |
4599 If you exit Emacs normally with C-x C-c, it deletes that file. If | |
4600 Emacs or the operating system crashes, the file remains for M-x | |
4601 recover-session. | |
4602 | |
4603 You can turn off the writing of these files by setting | |
4604 auto-save-list-file-name to nil. If you do this, M-x recover-session | |
4605 will not work. | |
4606 | |
4607 Some previous Emacs versions failed to delete these files even on | |
4608 normal exit. This is fixed now. If you are thinking of turning off | |
4609 this feature because of past experiences with versions that had this | |
4610 bug, it would make sense to check whether you still want to do so | |
4611 now that the bug is fixed. | |
4612 | |
4613 ** Changes to Version Control (VC) | |
4614 | |
4615 There is a new variable, vc-follow-symlinks. It indicates what to do | |
4616 when you visit a link to a file that is under version control. | |
4617 Editing the file through the link bypasses the version control system, | |
4618 which is dangerous and probably not what you want. | |
4619 | |
4620 If this variable is t, VC follows the link and visits the real file, | |
4621 telling you about it in the echo area. If it is `ask' (the default), | |
4622 VC asks for confirmation whether it should follow the link. If nil, | |
4623 the link is visited and a warning displayed. | |
4624 | |
4625 ** iso-acc.el now lets you specify a choice of language. | |
4626 Languages include "latin-1" (the default) and "latin-2" (which | |
4627 is designed for entering ISO Latin-2 characters). | |
4628 | |
4629 There are also choices for specific human languages such as French and | |
4630 Portuguese. These are subsets of Latin-1, which differ in that they | |
4631 enable only the accent characters needed for particular language. | |
4632 The other accent characters, not needed for the chosen language, | |
4633 remain normal. | |
4634 | |
4635 ** Posting articles and sending mail now has M-TAB completion on various | |
4636 header fields (Newsgroups, To, CC, ...). | |
4637 | |
4638 Completion in the Newsgroups header depends on the list of groups | |
4639 known to your news reader. Completion in the Followup-To header | |
4640 offers those groups which are in the Newsgroups header, since | |
4641 Followup-To usually just holds one of those. | |
4642 | |
4643 Completion in fields that hold mail addresses works based on the list | |
4644 of local users plus your aliases. Additionally, if your site provides | |
4645 a mail directory or a specific host to use for any unrecognized user | |
4646 name, you can arrange to query that host for completion also. (See the | |
4647 documentation of variables `mail-directory-process' and | |
4648 `mail-directory-stream'.) | |
4649 | |
4650 ** A greatly extended sgml-mode offers new features such as (to be configured) | |
4651 skeletons with completing read for tags and attributes, typing named | |
4652 characters including optionally all 8bit characters, making tags invisible | |
4653 with optional alternate display text, skipping and deleting tag(pair)s. | |
4654 | |
4655 Note: since Emacs' syntax feature cannot limit the special meaning of ', " and | |
4656 - to inside <>, for some texts the result, especially of font locking, may be | |
4657 wrong (see `sgml-specials' if you get wrong results). | |
4658 | |
4659 The derived html-mode configures this with tags and attributes more or | |
4660 less HTML3ish. It also offers optional quick keys like C-c 1 for | |
4661 headline or C-c u for unordered list (see `html-quick-keys'). Edit / | |
4662 Text Properties / Face or M-g combinations create tags as applicable. | |
4663 Outline minor mode is supported and level 1 font-locking tries to | |
4664 fontify tag contents (which only works when they fit on one line, due | |
4665 to a limitation in font-lock). | |
4666 | |
4667 External viewing via browse-url can occur automatically upon saving. | |
4668 | |
4669 ** M-x imenu-add-to-menubar now adds to the menu bar for the current | |
4670 buffer only. If you want to put an Imenu item in the menu bar for all | |
4671 buffers that use a particular major mode, use the mode hook, as in | |
4672 this example: | |
4673 | |
4674 (add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook | |
4675 '(lambda () (imenu-add-to-menubar "Index"))) | |
4676 | |
4677 ** Changes in BibTeX mode. | |
4678 | |
4679 *** Field names may now contain digits, hyphens, and underscores. | |
4680 | |
4681 *** Font Lock mode is now supported. | |
4682 | |
4683 *** bibtex-make-optional-field is no longer interactive. | |
4684 | |
4685 *** If bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries is non-nil, inserting new | |
4686 entries is now done with a faster algorithm. However, inserting | |
4687 will fail in this case if the buffer contains invalid entries or | |
4688 isn't in sorted order, so you should finish each entry with C-c C-c | |
4689 (bibtex-close-entry) after you have inserted or modified it. | |
4690 The default value of bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries is nil. | |
4691 | |
4692 *** Function `show-all' is no longer bound to a key, since C-u C-c C-q | |
4693 does the same job. | |
4694 | |
4695 *** Entries with quotes inside quote-delimited fields (as `author = | |
4696 "Stefan Sch{\"o}f"') are now supported. | |
4697 | |
4698 *** Case in field names doesn't matter anymore when searching for help | |
4699 text. | |
4700 | |
4701 ** Font Lock mode | |
4702 | |
4703 *** Global Font Lock mode | |
4704 | |
4705 Font Lock mode can be turned on globally, in buffers that support it, by the | |
4706 new command global-font-lock-mode. You can use the new variable | |
4707 font-lock-global-modes to control which modes have Font Lock mode automagically | |
4708 turned on. By default, this variable is set so that Font Lock mode is turned | |
4709 on globally where the buffer mode supports it. | |
4710 | |
4711 For example, to automagically turn on Font Lock mode where supported, put: | |
4712 | |
4713 (global-font-lock-mode t) | |
4714 | |
4715 in your ~/.emacs. | |
4716 | |
4717 *** Local Refontification | |
4718 | |
4719 In Font Lock mode, editing a line automatically refontifies that line only. | |
4720 However, if your change alters the syntactic context for following lines, | |
4721 those lines remain incorrectly fontified. To refontify them, use the new | |
4722 command M-g M-g (font-lock-fontify-block). | |
4723 | |
4724 In certain major modes, M-g M-g refontifies the entire current function. | |
4725 (The variable font-lock-mark-block-function controls how to find the | |
4726 current function.) In other major modes, M-g M-g refontifies 16 lines | |
4727 above and below point. | |
4728 | |
4729 With a prefix argument N, M-g M-g refontifies N lines above and below point. | |
4730 | |
4731 ** Follow mode | |
4732 | |
4733 Follow mode is a new minor mode combining windows showing the same | |
4734 buffer into one tall "virtual window". The windows are typically two | |
4735 side-by-side windows. Follow mode makes them scroll together as if | |
4736 they were a unit. To use it, go to a frame with just one window, | |
4737 split it into two side-by-side windows using C-x 3, and then type M-x | |
4738 follow-mode. | |
4739 | |
4740 M-x follow-mode turns off Follow mode if it is already enabled. | |
4741 | |
4742 To display two side-by-side windows and activate Follow mode, use the | |
4743 command M-x follow-delete-other-windows-and-split. | |
4744 | |
4745 ** hide-show changes. | |
4746 | |
4747 The hooks hs-hide-hooks and hs-show-hooks have been renamed | |
4748 to hs-hide-hook and hs-show-hook, to follow the convention for | |
4749 normal hooks. | |
4750 | |
4751 ** Simula mode now has a menu containing the most important commands. | |
4752 The new command simula-indent-exp is bound to C-M-q. | |
4753 | |
4754 ** etags can now handle programs written in Erlang. Files are | |
4755 recognised by the extensions .erl and .hrl. The tagged lines are | |
4756 those that begin a function, record, or macro. | |
4757 | |
4758 ** MSDOS Changes | |
4759 | |
4760 *** It is now possible to compile Emacs with the version 2 of DJGPP. | |
4761 Compilation with DJGPP version 1 also still works. | |
4762 | |
4763 *** The documentation of DOS-specific aspects of Emacs was rewritten | |
4764 and expanded; see the ``MS-DOS'' node in the on-line docs. | |
4765 | |
4766 *** Emacs now uses ~ for backup file names, not .bak. | |
4767 | |
4768 *** You can simulate mouse-3 on two-button mice by simultaneously | |
4769 pressing both mouse buttons. | |
4770 | |
4771 *** A number of packages and commands which previously failed or had | |
4772 restricted functionality on MS-DOS, now work. The most important ones | |
4773 are: | |
4774 | |
4775 **** Printing (both with `M-x lpr-buffer' and with `ps-print' package) | |
4776 now works. | |
4777 | |
4778 **** `Ediff' works (in a single-frame mode). | |
4779 | |
4780 **** `M-x display-time' can be used on MS-DOS (due to the new | |
4781 implementation of Emacs timers, see below). | |
4782 | |
4783 **** `Dired' supports Unix-style shell wildcards. | |
4784 | |
4785 **** The `c-macro-expand' command now works as on other platforms. | |
4786 | |
4787 **** `M-x recover-session' works. | |
4788 | |
4789 **** `M-x list-colors-display' displays all the available colors. | |
4790 | |
4791 **** The `TPU-EDT' package works. | |
4792 | |
4793 * Lisp changes in Emacs 19.31. | |
4794 | |
4795 ** The function using-unix-filesystems on Windows NT and Windows 95 | |
4796 tells Emacs to read and write files assuming that they reside on a | |
4797 remote Unix filesystem. No CR/LF translation is done on any files in | |
4798 this case. Invoking using-unix-filesystems with t activates this | |
4799 behavior, and invoking it with any other value deactivates it. | |
4800 | |
4801 ** Change in system-type and system-configuration values. | |
4802 | |
4803 The value of system-type on a Linux-based GNU system is now `lignux', | |
4804 not `linux'. This means that some programs which use `system-type' | |
4805 need to be changed. The value of `system-configuration' will also | |
4806 be different. | |
4807 | |
4808 It is generally recommended to use `system-configuration' rather | |
4809 than `system-type'. | |
4810 | |
4811 See the file LINUX-GNU in this directory for more about this. | |
4812 | |
4813 ** The functions shell-command and dired-call-process | |
4814 now run file name handlers for default-directory, if it has them. | |
4815 | |
4816 ** Undoing the deletion of text now restores the positions of markers | |
4817 that pointed into or next to the deleted text. | |
4818 | |
4819 ** Timers created with run-at-time now work internally to Emacs, and | |
4820 no longer use a separate process. Therefore, they now work more | |
4821 reliably and can be used for shorter time delays. | |
4822 | |
4823 The new function run-with-timer is a convenient way to set up a timer | |
4824 to run a specified amount of time after the present. A call looks | |
4825 like this: | |
4826 | |
4827 (run-with-timer SECS REPEAT FUNCTION ARGS...) | |
4828 | |
4829 SECS says how many seconds should elapse before the timer happens. | |
4830 It may be an integer or a floating point number. When the timer | |
4831 becomes ripe, the action is to call FUNCTION with arguments ARGS. | |
4832 | |
4833 REPEAT gives the interval for repeating the timer (measured in | |
4834 seconds). It may be an integer or a floating point number. nil or 0 | |
4835 means don't repeat at all--call FUNCTION just once. | |
4836 | |
4837 *** with-timeout provides an easy way to do something but give | |
4838 up if too much time passes. | |
4839 | |
4840 (with-timeout (SECONDS TIMEOUT-FORMS...) BODY...) | |
4841 | |
4842 This executes BODY, but gives up after SECONDS seconds. | |
4843 If it gives up, it runs the TIMEOUT-FORMS and returns the value | |
4844 of the last one of them. Normally it returns the value of the last | |
4845 form in BODY. | |
4846 | |
4847 *** You can now arrange to call a function whenever Emacs is idle for | |
4848 a certain length of time. To do this, call run-with-idle-timer. A | |
4849 call looks like this: | |
4850 | |
4851 (run-with-idle-timer SECS REPEAT FUNCTION ARGS...) | |
4852 | |
4853 SECS says how many seconds of idleness should elapse before the timer | |
4854 runs. It may be an integer or a floating point number. When the | |
4855 timer becomes ripe, the action is to call FUNCTION with arguments | |
4856 ARGS. | |
4857 | |
4858 Emacs becomes idle whenever it finishes executing a keyboard or mouse | |
4859 command. It remains idle until it receives another keyboard or mouse | |
4860 command. | |
4861 | |
4862 REPEAT, if non-nil, means this timer should be activated again each | |
4863 time Emacs becomes idle and remains idle for SECS seconds The timer | |
4864 does not repeat if Emacs *remains* idle; it runs at most once after | |
4865 each time Emacs becomes idle. | |
4866 | |
4867 If REPEAT is nil, the timer runs just once, the first time Emacs is | |
4868 idle for SECS seconds. | |
4869 | |
4870 *** post-command-idle-hook is now obsolete; you shouldn't use it at | |
4871 all, because it interferes with the idle timer mechanism. If your | |
4872 programs use post-command-idle-hook, convert them to use idle timers | |
4873 instead. | |
4874 | |
4875 *** y-or-n-p-with-timeout lets you ask a question but give up if | |
4876 there is no answer within a certain time. | |
4877 | |
4878 (y-or-n-p-with-timeout PROMPT SECONDS DEFAULT-VALUE) | |
4879 | |
4880 asks the question PROMPT (just like y-or-n-p). If the user answers | |
4881 within SECONDS seconds, it returns the answer that the user gave. | |
4882 Otherwise it gives up after SECONDS seconds, and returns DEFAULT-VALUE. | |
4883 | |
4884 ** Minor change to `encode-time': you can now pass more than seven | |
4885 arguments. If you do that, the first six arguments have the usual | |
4886 meaning, the last argument is interpreted as the time zone, and the | |
4887 arguments in between are ignored. | |
4888 | |
4889 This means that it works to use the list returned by `decode-time' as | |
4890 the list of arguments for `encode-time'. | |
4891 | |
4892 ** The default value of load-path now includes the directory | |
4893 /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp In addition to | |
4894 /usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp. You can use this new directory for | |
4895 site-specific Lisp packages that belong with a particular Emacs | |
4896 version. | |
4897 | |
4898 It is not unusual for a Lisp package that works well in one Emacs | |
4899 version to cause trouble in another. Sometimes packages need updating | |
4900 for incompatible changes; sometimes they look at internal data that | |
4901 has changed; sometimes the package has been installed in Emacs itself | |
4902 and the installed version should be used. Whatever the reason for the | |
4903 problem, this new feature makes it easier to solve. | |
4904 | |
4905 ** When your program contains a fixed file name (like .completions or | |
4906 .abbrev.defs), the file name usually needs to be different on operating | |
4907 systems with limited file name syntax. | |
4908 | |
4909 Now you can avoid ad-hoc conditionals by using the function | |
4910 convert-standard-filename to convert the file name to a proper form | |
4911 for each operating system. Here is an example of use, from the file | |
4912 completions.el: | |
4913 | |
4914 (defvar save-completions-file-name | |
4915 (convert-standard-filename "~/.completions") | |
4916 "*The filename to save completions to.") | |
4917 | |
4918 This sets the variable save-completions-file-name to a value that | |
4919 depends on the operating system, because the definition of | |
4920 convert-standard-filename depends on the operating system. On | |
4921 Unix-like systems, it returns the specified file name unchanged. On | |
4922 MS-DOS, it adapts the name to fit the limitations of that system. | |
4923 | |
4924 ** The interactive spec N now returns the numeric prefix argument | |
4925 rather than the raw prefix argument. (It still reads a number using the | |
4926 minibuffer if there is no prefix argument at all.) | |
4927 | |
4928 ** When a process is deleted, this no longer disconnects the process | |
4929 marker from its buffer position. | |
4930 | |
4931 ** The variable garbage-collection-messages now controls whether | |
4932 Emacs displays a message at the beginning and end of garbage collection. | |
4933 The default is nil, meaning there are no messages. | |
4934 | |
4935 ** The variable debug-ignored-errors specifies certain kinds of errors | |
4936 that should not enter the debugger. Its value is a list of error | |
4937 condition symbols and/or regular expressions. If the error has any | |
4938 of the condition symbols listed, or if any of the regular expressions | |
4939 matches the error message, then that error does not enter the debugger, | |
4940 regardless of the value of debug-on-error. | |
4941 | |
4942 This variable is initialized to match certain common but uninteresting | |
4943 errors that happen often during editing. | |
4944 | |
4945 ** The new function error-message-string converts an error datum | |
4946 into its error message. The error datum is what condition-case | |
4947 puts into the variable, to describe the error that happened. | |
4948 | |
4949 ** Anything that changes which buffer appears in a given window | |
4950 now runs the window-scroll-functions for that window. | |
4951 | |
4952 ** The new function get-buffer-window-list returns a list of windows displaying | |
4953 a buffer. The function is called with the buffer (a buffer object or a buffer | |
4954 name) and two optional arguments specifying the minibuffer windows and frames | |
4955 to search. Therefore this function takes optional args like next-window etc., | |
4956 and not get-buffer-window. | |
4957 | |
4958 ** buffer-substring now runs the hook buffer-access-fontify-functions, | |
4959 calling each function with two arguments--the range of the buffer | |
4960 being accessed. buffer-substring-no-properties does not call them. | |
4961 | |
4962 If you use this feature, you should set the variable | |
4963 buffer-access-fontified-property to a non-nil symbol, which is a | |
4964 property name. Then, if all the characters in the buffer range have a | |
4965 non-nil value for that property, the buffer-access-fontify-functions | |
4966 are not called. When called, these functions should put a non-nil | |
4967 property on the text that they fontify, so that they won't get called | |
4968 over and over for the same text. | |
4969 | |
4970 ** Changes in lisp-mnt.el | |
4971 | |
4972 *** The lisp-mnt package can now recognize file headers that are written | |
4973 in the formats used by the `what' command and the RCS `ident' command: | |
4974 | |
4975 ;; @(#) HEADER: text | |
4976 ;; $HEADER: text $ | |
4977 | |
4978 in addition to the normal | |
4979 | |
4980 ;; HEADER: text | |
4981 | |
4982 *** The commands lm-verify and lm-synopsis are now interactive. lm-verify | |
4983 checks that the library file has proper sections and headers, and | |
4984 lm-synopsis extracts first line "synopsis'"information. | |
4985 | |
4986 * For older news, see the file ONEWS. | |
4987 | |
4988 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
4989 Copyright information: | |
4990 | |
4991 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
4992 | |
4993 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies | |
4994 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the | |
4995 copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved, | |
4996 thus giving the recipient permission to redistribute in turn. | |
4997 | |
4998 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions | |
4999 of this document, or of portions of it, | |
5000 under the above conditions, provided also that they | |
5001 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them. | |
5002 | |
5003 Local variables: | |
5004 mode: outline | |
5005 paragraph-separate: "[ ]*$" | |
5006 end: |