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author | Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org> |
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date | Sat, 04 Sep 2004 13:13:48 +0000 |
parents | 695cf19ef79e |
children | d61099b391d7 cce1c0ee76ee |
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1 @c Insert "\input texinfo" at 1st line before texing this file alone. | 1 @c Insert "\input texinfo" at 1st line before texing this file alone. |
2 @c -*-texinfo-*- | 2 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
3 @c Copyright (C) 1995, 98, 99, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | 3 @c Copyright (C) 1995, 2001, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
4 @setfilename ../info/gnus-faq.info | 4 @setfilename gnus-faq.info |
5 | |
6 @c Frequently Asked Questions, FAQ - Introduction, Emacs for Heathens, Top | |
5 | 7 |
6 @node Frequently Asked Questions | 8 @node Frequently Asked Questions |
9 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
10 | |
11 @c @chapter Frequently Asked Questions | |
7 @section Frequently Asked Questions | 12 @section Frequently Asked Questions |
13 @cindex FAQ | |
14 @cindex Frequently Asked Questions | |
15 | |
16 @c - Uncomment @chapter, comment @section | |
17 @c - run (texinfo-every-node-update) | |
18 @c - revert it. | |
19 | |
20 @menu | |
21 * FAQ - Introduction:: About Gnus and this FAQ. | |
22 * FAQ 1 - Installation:: Installation of Gnus. | |
23 * FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer:: Start up questions and the first | |
24 buffer Gnus shows you. | |
25 * FAQ 3 - Getting messages:: Making Gnus read your mail and news. | |
26 * FAQ 4 - Reading messages:: How to efficiently read messages. | |
27 * FAQ 5 - Composing messages:: Composing mails or Usenet postings. | |
28 * FAQ 6 - Old messages:: Importing, archiving, searching | |
29 and deleting messages. | |
30 * FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment:: Reading mail and news while offline. | |
31 * FAQ 8 - Getting help:: When this FAQ isn't enough. | |
32 * FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus:: How to make Gnus faster. | |
33 * FAQ - Glossary:: Terms used in the FAQ explained. | |
34 @end menu | |
35 | |
36 | |
37 @subheading Abstract | |
38 | |
39 This is the new Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list. If you have a | |
40 Web browser, the official hypertext version is at | |
41 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}, the Docbook source is available from | |
42 @uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnus/}. | |
43 | |
44 | |
45 Please submit features and suggestions to the | |
46 @email{faq-discuss@@my.gnus.org,FAQ discussion list}. | |
47 The list is protected against junk mail with | |
48 @uref{http://smarden.org/qconfirm/index.html,qconfirm, qconfirm}. As | |
49 a subscriber, your submissions will automatically pass. You can | |
50 also subscribe to the list by sending a blank email to | |
51 @email{faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org} | |
52 and | |
53 @uref{http://mail1.kens.com/cgi-bin/ezmlm-browse?command=monthbythread%26list=faq-discuss,browse | |
54 the archive, browse the archive}. | |
55 | |
56 @node FAQ - Introduction, FAQ 1 - Installation, Frequently Asked Questions, Frequently Asked Questions | |
57 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
58 @heading Introduction | |
8 | 59 |
9 This is the Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list. | 60 This is the Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list. |
10 If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at | 61 |
11 @file{http://www.ccs.neu.edu/software/gnus/}, and has | 62 Gnus is a Usenet Newsreader and Electronic Mail User Agent implemented |
12 probably been updated since you got this manual. | 63 as a part of Emacs. It's been around in some form for almost a decade |
64 now, and has been distributed as a standard part of Emacs for much of | |
65 that time. Gnus 5 is the latest (and greatest) incarnation. The | |
66 original version was called GNUS, and was written by Masanobu UMEDA. | |
67 When autumn crept up in '94, Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen grew bored and | |
68 decided to rewrite Gnus. | |
69 | |
70 Its biggest strength is the fact that it is extremely | |
71 customizable. It is somewhat intimidating at first glance, but | |
72 most of the complexity can be ignored until you're ready to take | |
73 advantage of it. If you receive a reasonable volume of e-mail | |
74 (you're on various mailing lists), or you would like to read | |
75 high-volume mailing lists but cannot keep up with them, or read | |
76 high volume newsgroups or are just bored, then Gnus is what you | |
77 want. | |
78 | |
79 This FAQ was maintained by Justin Sheehy until March 2002. He | |
80 would like to thank Steve Baur and Per Abrahamsen for doing a wonderful | |
81 job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same - thanks, | |
82 Justin! | |
83 | |
84 | |
85 If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at:@* | |
86 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}. | |
87 This version is much nicer than the unofficial hypertext | |
88 versions that are archived at Utrecht, Oxford, Smart Pages, Ohio | |
89 State, and other FAQ archives. See the resources question below | |
90 if you want information on obtaining it in another format. | |
91 | |
92 | |
93 The information contained here was compiled with the assistance | |
94 of the Gnus development mailing list, and any errors or | |
95 misprints are the my.gnus.org team's fault, sorry. | |
96 | |
97 | |
98 @ifnottex | |
99 @node FAQ 1 - Installation, FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ - Introduction, Frequently Asked Questions | |
100 @end ifnottex | |
101 @subsection Installation | |
13 | 102 |
14 @menu | 103 @menu |
15 * Installation FAQ:: Installation of Gnus. | 104 * [1.1]:: What is the latest version of Gnus? |
16 * Customization FAQ:: Customizing Gnus. | 105 * [1.2]:: What's new in 5.10.0? |
17 * Reading News FAQ:: News Reading Questions. | 106 * [1.3]:: Where and how to get Gnus? |
18 * Reading Mail FAQ:: Mail Reading Questions. | 107 * [1.4]:: What to do with the tarball now? |
108 * [1.5]:: Which version of Emacs do I need? | |
109 * [1.6]:: How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs? | |
19 @end menu | 110 @end menu |
20 | 111 |
21 | 112 |
22 @node Installation FAQ | 113 @ifnottex |
23 @subsection Installation | 114 @node [1.1], [1.2], FAQ 1 - Installation, FAQ 1 - Installation |
24 | 115 @end ifnottex |
116 @subsubheading Question 1.1: | |
117 | |
118 What is the latest version of Gnus? | |
119 | |
120 Answer: | |
121 | |
122 Jingle please: Gnus 5.10.0 is released, get it while it's | |
123 hot! As well as the step in version number is rather | |
124 small, Gnus 5.10 has tons of new features which you | |
125 shouldn't miss, however if you are cautious, you might | |
126 prefer to stay with 5.8.8 respectively 5.9 (they are | |
127 basically the same) until some bugfix releases are out. | |
128 | |
129 @ifnottex | |
130 @node [1.2], [1.3], [1.1], FAQ 1 - Installation | |
131 @end ifnottex | |
132 @subsubheading Question 1.2: | |
133 | |
134 What's new in 5.10.0? | |
135 | |
136 Answer: | |
137 | |
138 First of all, you should have a look into the file | |
139 GNUS-NEWS in the toplevel directory of the Gnus tarball, | |
140 there the most important changes are listed. Here's a | |
141 short list of the changes I find especially | |
142 important/interesting: | |
143 | |
144 | |
145 | |
146 | |
147 @itemize @bullet{} | |
148 | |
149 @item | |
150 Major rewrite of the Gnus agent, Gnus agent is now | |
151 active by default. | |
152 | |
153 @item | |
154 Many new article washing functions for dealing with | |
155 ugly formatted articles. | |
156 | |
157 @item | |
158 Anti Spam features. | |
159 | |
160 @item | |
161 message-utils now included in Gnus. | |
162 | |
163 @item | |
164 New format specifiers for summary lines, e.g. %B for | |
165 a complex trn-style thread tree. | |
166 | |
167 @end itemize | |
168 | |
169 @ifnottex | |
170 @node [1.3], [1.4], [1.2], FAQ 1 - Installation | |
171 @end ifnottex | |
172 @subsubheading Question 1.3: | |
173 | |
174 Where and how to get Gnus? | |
175 | |
176 Answer: | |
177 | |
178 The latest released version of Gnus isn't included in | |
179 Emacs 21 and until now it also isn't available through the | |
180 package system of XEmacs 21.4, therefor you should get the | |
181 Gnus tarball from | |
182 @uref{http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz} | |
183 or via anonymous FTP from | |
184 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/gnus.tar.gz}. | |
185 | |
186 @ifnottex | |
187 @node [1.4], [1.5], [1.3], FAQ 1 - Installation | |
188 @end ifnottex | |
189 @subsubheading Question 1.4: | |
190 | |
191 What to do with the tarball now? | |
192 | |
193 | |
194 Answer: | |
195 | |
196 Untar it via @samp{tar xvzf gnus.tar.gz} and do the common | |
197 @samp{./configure; make; make install} circle. | |
198 (under MS-Windows either get the Cygwin environment from | |
199 @uref{http://www.cygwin.com} | |
200 which allows you to do what's described above or unpack the | |
201 tarball with some packer (e.g. Winace from | |
202 @uref{http://www.winace.com}) | |
203 and use the batch-file make.bat included in the tarball to install | |
204 Gnus. If you don't want to (or aren't allowed to) install Gnus | |
205 system-wide, you can install it in your home directory and add the | |
206 following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el or ~/.emacs: | |
207 | |
208 | |
209 @example | |
210 (add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/gnus/lisp") | |
211 (if (featurep 'xemacs) | |
212 (add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/") | |
213 (add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/")) | |
214 @end example | |
215 | |
216 @noindent | |
217 Make sure that you don't have any Gnus related stuff | |
218 before this line, on MS Windows use something like | |
219 "C:/path/to/lisp" (yes, "/"). | |
220 | |
221 @ifnottex | |
222 @node [1.5], [1.6], [1.4], FAQ 1 - Installation | |
223 @end ifnottex | |
224 @subsubheading Question 1.5: | |
225 | |
226 Which version of Emacs do I need? | |
227 | |
228 Answer: | |
229 | |
230 Gnus 5.10.0 requires an Emacs version that is greater | |
231 than or equal to Emacs 20.7 or XEmacs 21.1. | |
232 | |
233 @ifnottex | |
234 @node [1.6], , [1.5], FAQ 1 - Installation | |
235 @end ifnottex | |
236 @subsubheading Question 1.6: | |
237 | |
238 How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs? | |
239 | |
240 Answer: | |
241 | |
242 You can't use the same copy of Gnus in both as the Lisp | |
243 files are byte-compiled to a format which is different | |
244 depending on which Emacs did the compilation. Get one copy | |
245 of Gnus for Emacs and one for XEmacs. | |
246 | |
247 @ifnottex | |
248 @node FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 1 - Installation, Frequently Asked Questions | |
249 @end ifnottex | |
250 @subsection Startup / Group buffer | |
251 | |
252 @menu | |
253 * [2.1]:: Every time I start Gnus I get a message | |
254 "Gnus auto-save file exists. Do you want to read it?", | |
255 what does this mean and how to prevent it? | |
256 * [2.2]:: Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, what's this? | |
257 * [2.3]:: How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer? | |
258 * [2.4]:: My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to sort my | |
259 groups into categories so I can easier browse through them? | |
260 * [2.5]:: How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to sort the | |
261 groups in a topic? | |
262 @end menu | |
263 | |
264 @ifnottex | |
265 @node [2.1], [2.2], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer | |
266 @end ifnottex | |
267 @subsubheading Question 2.1: | |
268 | |
269 Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save | |
270 file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean | |
271 and how to prevent it? | |
272 | |
273 | |
274 Answer: | |
275 | |
276 This message means that the last time you used Gnus, it | |
277 wasn't properly exited and therefor couldn't write its | |
278 informations to disk (e.g. which messages you read), you | |
279 are now asked if you want to restore those informations | |
280 from the auto-save file. | |
281 | |
282 | |
283 To prevent this message make sure you exit Gnus | |
284 via @samp{q} in group buffer instead of | |
285 just killing Emacs. | |
286 | |
287 @ifnottex | |
288 @node [2.2], [2.3], [2.1], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer | |
289 @end ifnottex | |
290 @subsubheading Question: 2.2 | |
291 | |
292 Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, | |
293 what's this? | |
294 | |
295 | |
296 Answer: | |
297 | |
298 You get the message described in the q/a pair above while | |
299 starting Gnus, right? It's an other symptom for the same | |
300 problem, so read the answer above. | |
301 | |
302 @ifnottex | |
303 @node [2.3], [2.4], [2.2], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer | |
304 @end ifnottex | |
305 @subsubheading Question 2.3: | |
306 | |
307 How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer? | |
308 | |
309 | |
310 Answer: | |
311 | |
312 You've got to tweak the value of the variable | |
313 gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line | |
314 Specification" for information on how to do this. An | |
315 example for this (guess from whose .gnus :-)): | |
316 | |
317 | |
318 @example | |
319 | |
320 (setq gnus-group-line-format "%P%M%S[%5t]%5y : %(%g%)\n") | |
321 | |
322 @end example | |
323 | |
324 @ifnottex | |
325 @node [2.4], [2.5], [2.3], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer | |
326 @end ifnottex | |
327 @subsubheading Question 2.4: | |
328 | |
329 My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to | |
330 sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse | |
331 through them? | |
332 | |
333 | |
334 Answer: | |
335 | |
336 Gnus offers the topic mode, it allows you to sort your | |
337 groups in, well, topics, e.g. all groups dealing with | |
338 Linux under the topic linux, all dealing with music under | |
339 the topic music and all dealing with scottish music under | |
340 the topic scottish which is a subtopic of music. | |
341 | |
342 | |
343 To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now | |
344 you can use @samp{T n} to create a topic | |
345 at point and @samp{T m} to move a group to | |
346 a specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the | |
347 menu. You might want to include the %P specifier at the | |
348 beginning of your gnus-group-line-format variable to have | |
349 the groups nicely indented. | |
350 | |
351 @ifnottex | |
352 @node [2.5], , [2.4], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer | |
353 @end ifnottex | |
354 @subsubheading Question 2.5: | |
355 | |
356 How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to | |
357 sort the groups in a topic? | |
358 | |
359 | |
360 Answer: | |
361 | |
362 Move point over the group you want to move and | |
363 hit @samp{C-k}, now move point to the | |
364 place where you want the group to be and | |
365 hit @samp{C-y}. | |
366 | |
367 @ifnottex | |
368 @node FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, Frequently Asked Questions | |
369 @end ifnottex | |
370 @subsection Getting messages | |
371 | |
372 @menu | |
373 * [3.1]:: I just installed Gnus, started it via M-x gnus but it only says | |
374 "nntp (news) open error", what to do? | |
375 * [3.2]:: I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus means. | |
376 * [3.3]:: My news server requires authentication, how to store user name | |
377 and password on disk? | |
378 * [3.4]:: Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to | |
379 subscribe to a group. | |
380 * [3.5]:: Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to | |
381 post on this server as well as I am, what's that? | |
382 * [3.6]:: I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible? | |
383 * [3.7]:: And how about local spool files? | |
384 * [3.8]:: OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail | |
385 with Gnus, too. How to do it? | |
386 * [3.9]:: And what about IMAP? | |
387 * [3.10]:: At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, | |
388 can I use Gnus to read my mail from it? | |
389 * [3.11]:: Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server | |
390 it retrieves via POP3? | |
391 @end menu | |
392 | |
393 @ifnottex | |
394 @node [3.1], [3.2], FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 3 - Getting messages | |
395 @end ifnottex | |
396 @subsubheading Question 3.1: | |
397 | |
398 I just installed Gnus, started it via | |
399 @samp{M-x gnus} | |
400 but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do? | |
401 | |
402 | |
403 Answer: | |
404 | |
405 You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read | |
406 the documentation for information on how to do this. As a | |
407 first start, put those lines in ~/.gnus: | |
408 | |
409 | |
410 @example | |
411 (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.yourprovider.net")) | |
412 (setq user-mail-address "you@@yourprovider.net") | |
413 (setq user-full-name "Your Name") | |
414 @end example | |
415 | |
416 @ifnottex | |
417 @node [3.2], [3.3], [3.1], FAQ 3 - Getting messages | |
418 @end ifnottex | |
419 @subsubheading Question 3.2: | |
420 | |
421 I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus means. | |
422 | |
423 | |
424 Answer: | |
425 | |
426 The ~/ means the home directory where Gnus and Emacs look for the | |
427 configuration files. However, you don't really need to know what this | |
428 means, it suffices that Emacs knows what it means :-) You can type | |
429 @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET } (yes, with the forward slash, even on | |
430 Windows), and Emacs will open the right file for you. (It will most | |
431 likely be new, and thus empty.) However, I'd discourage you from | |
432 doing so, since the directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not be | |
433 what you want, so let's do it the correct way. The first thing you've | |
434 got to do is to create a suitable directory (no blanks in directory | |
435 name please) e.g. @file{c:\myhome}. Then you must set the environment | |
436 variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Win9x or Me include | |
437 the line | |
438 | |
439 | |
440 @example | |
441 | |
442 SET HOME=C:\myhome | |
443 | |
444 @end example | |
445 | |
446 @noindent | |
447 in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP, | |
448 hit Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it | |
449 doesn't work, go to Control Panel -> System). There you'll | |
450 find the possibility to set environment variables, create | |
451 a new one with name HOME and value @file{c:\myhome}, a reboot is | |
452 not necessary. | |
453 | |
454 | |
455 Now to create ~/.gnus, say | |
456 @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET C-x C-s}. | |
457 in Emacs. | |
458 | |
459 @ifnottex | |
460 @node [3.3], [3.4], [3.2], FAQ 3 - Getting messages | |
461 @end ifnottex | |
462 @subsubheading Question 3.3: | |
463 | |
464 My news server requires authentication, how to store | |
465 user name and password on disk? | |
466 | |
467 | |
468 Answer: | |
469 | |
470 Create a file ~/.authinfo which includes for each server a line like this | |
471 | |
472 | |
473 @example | |
474 machine news.yourprovider.net login YourUserName password YourPassword | |
475 @end example | |
476 | |
477 @noindent | |
478 . | |
479 Make sure that the file isn't readable to others if you | |
480 work on a OS which is capable of doing so. (Under Unix | |
481 say | |
482 | |
483 @example | |
484 chmod 600 ~/.authinfo | |
485 @end example | |
486 | |
487 @noindent | |
488 in a shell.) | |
489 | |
490 @ifnottex | |
491 @node [3.4], [3.5], [3.3], FAQ 3 - Getting messages | |
492 @end ifnottex | |
493 @subsubheading Question 3.4: | |
494 | |
495 Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to | |
496 subscribe to a group. | |
497 | |
498 | |
499 Answer: | |
500 | |
501 If you know the name of the group say @samp{U | |
502 name.of.group RET} in group buffer (use the | |
503 tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group buffer, | |
504 this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the | |
505 cursor) over the server which carries the group you want, | |
506 hit @samp{RET}, move point to the group | |
507 you want to subscribe to and say @samp{u} | |
508 to subscribe to it. | |
509 | |
510 @ifnottex | |
511 @node [3.5], [3.6], [3.4], FAQ 3 - Getting messages | |
512 @end ifnottex | |
513 @subsubheading Question 3.5: | |
514 | |
515 Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to | |
516 post on this server as well as I am, what's that? | |
517 | |
518 | |
519 Answer: | |
520 | |
521 Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full | |
522 access only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo | |
523 to those servers append | |
524 | |
525 | |
526 @example | |
527 force yes | |
528 @end example | |
529 | |
530 | |
531 @noindent | |
532 to the line for those servers in ~/.authinfo. | |
533 | |
534 @ifnottex | |
535 @node [3.6], [3.7], [3.5], FAQ 3 - Getting messages | |
536 @end ifnottex | |
537 @subsubheading Question 3.6: | |
538 | |
539 I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible? | |
540 | |
541 | |
542 Answer: | |
543 | |
544 Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the | |
545 variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like | |
546 this in ~/.gnus: | |
547 | |
548 | |
549 @example | |
550 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
551 '(nntp "news.yourSecondProvider.net")) | |
552 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
553 '(nntp "news.yourThirdProvider.net")) | |
554 @end example | |
555 | |
556 @ifnottex | |
557 @node [3.7], [3.8], [3.6], FAQ 3 - Getting messages | |
558 @end ifnottex | |
559 @subsubheading Question 3.7: | |
560 | |
561 And how about local spool files? | |
562 | |
563 | |
564 Answer: | |
565 | |
566 No problem, this is just one more select method called | |
567 nnspool, so you want this: | |
568 | |
569 | |
570 @example | |
571 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnspool "")) | |
572 @end example | |
573 | |
574 @noindent | |
575 Or this if you don't want an NNTP Server as primary news source: | |
576 | |
577 | |
578 @example | |
579 (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool "")) | |
580 @end example | |
581 | |
582 @noindent | |
583 Gnus will look for the spool file in /usr/spool/news, if you | |
584 want something different, change the line above to something like this: | |
585 | |
586 | |
587 @example | |
588 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
589 '(nnspool "" (nnspool-directory "/usr/local/myspoolddir"))) | |
590 @end example | |
591 | |
592 @noindent | |
593 This sets the spool directory for this server only. | |
594 You might have to specify more stuff like the program used | |
595 to post articles, see the Gnus manual on how to do this. | |
596 | |
597 @ifnottex | |
598 @node [3.8], [3.9], [3.7], FAQ 3 - Getting messages | |
599 @end ifnottex | |
600 @subsubheading Question 3.8: | |
601 | |
602 OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail | |
603 with Gnus, too. How to do it? | |
604 | |
605 | |
606 Answer: | |
607 | |
608 That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources | |
609 for mail, many possible ways for storing mail and many | |
610 different ways for sending mail. The most common cases are | |
611 these: 1: You want to read your mail from a pop3 server and | |
612 send them directly to a SMTP Server 2: Some program like | |
613 fetchmail retrieves your mail and stores it on disk from | |
614 where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is sent by | |
615 Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA. Sometimes, you even | |
616 need a combination of the above cases. | |
617 | |
618 | |
619 However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way | |
620 it should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end | |
621 to use. Gnus supports many different back ends, the most | |
622 commonly used one is nnml. It stores every mail in one file | |
623 and is therefor quite fast. However you might prefer a one | |
624 file per group approach if your file system has problems with | |
625 many small files, the nnfolder back end is then probably the | |
626 choice for you. To use nnml add the following to ~/.gnus: | |
627 | |
628 | |
629 @example | |
630 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnml "")) | |
631 @end example | |
632 | |
633 @noindent | |
634 As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's | |
635 | |
636 | |
637 @example | |
638 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnfolder "")) | |
639 @end example | |
640 | |
641 | |
642 Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get it's mail from. If | |
643 it's a POP3 server, then you need something like this: | |
644 | |
645 | |
646 @example | |
647 (eval-after-load "mail-source" | |
648 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(pop :server "pop.YourProvider.net" | |
649 :user "yourUserName" | |
650 :password "yourPassword"))) | |
651 @end example | |
652 | |
653 @noindent | |
654 Make sure ~/.gnus isn't readable to others if you store | |
655 your password there. If you want to read your mail from a | |
656 traditional spool file on your local machine, it's | |
657 | |
658 | |
659 @example | |
660 (eval-after-load "mail-source" | |
661 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(file :path "/path/to/spool/file"))) | |
662 @end example | |
663 | |
664 @noindent | |
665 If it's a Maildir, with one file per message as used by | |
666 postfix, Qmail and (optionally) fetchmail it's | |
667 | |
668 | |
669 @example | |
670 (eval-after-load "mail-source" | |
671 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(maildir :path "/path/to/Maildir/" | |
672 :subdirs ("cur" "new"))) | |
673 @end example | |
674 | |
675 @noindent | |
676 And finally if you want to read your mail from several files | |
677 in one directory, for example because procmail already split your | |
678 mail, it's | |
679 | |
680 | |
681 @example | |
682 (eval-after-load "mail-source" | |
683 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(directory :path "/path/to/procmail-dir/" | |
684 :suffix ".prcml")) | |
685 @end example | |
686 | |
687 @noindent | |
688 Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the | |
689 suffix .prcml. | |
690 | |
691 | |
692 OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you | |
693 want to send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing | |
694 the role of sendmail on your system), you don't need to do | |
695 anything. However, if you want to send your mail to an | |
696 SMTP Server you need the following in your ~/.gnus | |
697 | |
698 | |
699 @example | |
700 (setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) | |
701 (setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) | |
702 (setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.yourProvider.net") | |
703 @end example | |
704 | |
705 @ifnottex | |
706 @node [3.9], [3.10], [3.8], FAQ 3 - Getting messages | |
707 @end ifnottex | |
708 @subsubheading Question 3.9: | |
709 | |
710 And what about IMAP? | |
711 | |
712 | |
713 Answer: | |
714 | |
715 There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is | |
716 to use IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from | |
717 the IMAP server and stores it on disk. If you want to do | |
718 this (you don't really want to do this) add the following to | |
719 ~/.gnus | |
720 | |
721 | |
722 @example | |
723 (add-to-list 'mail-sources '(imap :server "mail.mycorp.com" | |
724 :user "username" | |
725 :pass "password" | |
726 :stream network | |
727 :authentication login | |
728 :mailbox "INBOX" | |
729 :fetchflag "\\Seen")) | |
730 @end example | |
731 | |
732 @noindent | |
733 You might have to tweak the values for stream and/or | |
734 authentification, see the Gnus manual node "Mail Source | |
735 Specifiers" for possible values. | |
736 | |
737 | |
738 If you want to use IMAP the way it's intended, you've got to | |
739 follow a different approach. You've got to add the nnimap | |
740 back end to your select method and give the information | |
741 about the server there. | |
742 | |
743 | |
744 @example | |
745 (add-to-list | |
746 'gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
747 '(nnimap "Give the baby a name" | |
748 (nnimap-address "imap.yourProvider.net") | |
749 (nnimap-port 143) | |
750 (nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*"))) | |
751 @end example | |
752 | |
753 @noindent | |
754 Again, you might have to specify how to authenticate to the | |
755 server if Gnus can't guess the correct way, see the Manual | |
756 Node "IMAP" for detailed information. | |
757 | |
758 @ifnottex | |
759 @node [3.10], [3.11], [3.9], FAQ 3 - Getting messages | |
760 @end ifnottex | |
761 @subsubheading Question 3.10: | |
762 | |
763 At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use | |
764 Gnus to read my mail from it? | |
765 | |
766 | |
767 Answer: | |
768 | |
769 Offer your administrator a pair of new running shoes for | |
770 activating IMAP on the server and follow the instructions | |
771 above. | |
772 | |
773 @ifnottex | |
774 @node [3.11], , [3.10], FAQ 3 - Getting messages | |
775 @end ifnottex | |
776 @subsubheading Question 3.11: | |
777 | |
778 Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it | |
779 retrieves via POP3? | |
780 | |
781 | |
782 Answer: | |
783 | |
784 First of all, that's not the way POP3 is intended to work, | |
785 if you have the possibility, you should use the IMAP | |
786 Protocol if you want your messages to stay on the | |
787 server. Nevertheless there might be situations where you | |
788 need the feature, but sadly Gnus itself has no predefined | |
789 functionality to do so. | |
790 | |
791 | |
792 However this is Gnus county so there are possibilities to | |
793 achieve what you want. The easiest way is to get an external | |
794 program which retrieves copies of the mail and stores them | |
795 on disk, so Gnus can read it from there. On Unix systems you | |
796 could use e.g. fetchmail for this, on MS Windows you can use | |
797 Hamster, an excellent local news and mail server. | |
798 | |
799 | |
800 The other solution would be, to replace the method Gnus | |
801 uses to get mail from POP3 servers by one which is capable | |
802 of leaving the mail on the server. If you use XEmacs, get | |
803 the package mail-lib, it includes an enhanced pop3.el, | |
804 look in the file, there's documentation on how to tell | |
805 Gnus to use it and not to delete the retrieved mail. For | |
806 GNU Emacs look for the file epop3.el which can do the same | |
807 (If you know the home of this file, please send me an | |
808 e-mail). You can also tell Gnus to use an external program | |
809 (e.g. fetchmail) to fetch your mail, see the info node | |
810 "Mail Source Specifiers" in the Gnus manual on how to do | |
811 it. | |
812 | |
813 | |
814 @ifnottex | |
815 @node FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 3 - Getting messages, Frequently Asked Questions | |
816 @end ifnottex | |
817 @subsection Reading messages | |
818 | |
819 @menu | |
820 * [4.1]:: When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. | |
821 How to view them again? | |
822 * [4.2]:: How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time | |
823 I enter a group, even when it's read? | |
824 * [4.3]:: How to view the headers of a message? | |
825 * [4.4]:: How to view the raw unformatted message? | |
826 * [4.5]:: How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at the | |
827 top of the article buffer? | |
828 * [4.6]:: I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the | |
829 text part if it's available. How to do it? | |
830 * [4.7]:: Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails? | |
831 * [4.8]:: Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails | |
832 more readable? | |
833 * [4.9]:: Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific authors | |
834 or with specific words in the subject? And can I highlight more | |
835 interesting ones in some way? | |
836 * [4.10]:: How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set | |
837 other variables specific for some groups? | |
838 * [4.11]:: Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to those? | |
839 * [4.12]:: The number of total messages in a group which Gnus displays in | |
840 group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail groups. | |
841 Is this a bug? | |
842 * [4.13]:: I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, | |
843 how to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display? | |
844 * [4.14]:: I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it? | |
845 * [4.15]:: How to split incoming mails in several groups? | |
846 @end menu | |
847 | |
848 @ifnottex | |
849 @node [4.1], [4.2], FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
850 @end ifnottex | |
851 @subsubheading Question 4.1: | |
852 | |
853 When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again? | |
854 | |
855 | |
856 Answer: | |
857 | |
858 If you enter the group by saying | |
859 @samp{RET} | |
860 in summary buffer with point over the group, only unread and ticked messages are loaded. Say | |
861 @samp{C-u RET} | |
862 instead to load all available messages. If you want only the e.g. 300 newest say | |
863 @samp{C-u 300 RET} | |
864 | |
865 | |
866 Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded view enabled, say | |
867 | |
868 | |
869 @example | |
870 (setq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some) | |
871 @end example | |
872 | |
873 | |
874 @noindent | |
875 in ~/.gnus to load enough old articles to prevent teared threads, replace 'some with t to load | |
876 all articles (Warning: Both settings enlarge the amount of data which is | |
877 fetched when you enter a group and slow down the process of entering a group). | |
878 | |
879 | |
880 If you already use Gnus 5.10.0, you can say | |
881 @samp{/o N} | |
882 In summary buffer to load the last N messages, this feature is not available in 5.8.8 | |
883 | |
884 | |
885 If you don't want all old messages, but the parent of the message you're just reading, | |
886 you can say @samp{^}, if you want to retrieve the whole thread | |
887 the message you're just reading belongs to, @samp{A T} is your friend. | |
888 | |
889 @ifnottex | |
890 @node [4.2], [4.3], [4.1], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
891 @end ifnottex | |
892 @subsubheading Question 4.2: | |
893 | |
894 How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I | |
895 enter a group, even when it's read? | |
896 | |
897 | |
898 Answer: | |
899 | |
900 You can tick important messages. To do this hit | |
901 @samp{u} while point is in summary buffer | |
902 over the message. When you want to remove the mark, hit | |
903 either @samp{d} (this deletes the tick | |
904 mark and set's unread mark) or @samp{M c} | |
905 (which deletes all marks for the message). | |
906 | |
907 @ifnottex | |
908 @node [4.3], [4.4], [4.2], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
909 @end ifnottex | |
910 @subsubheading Question 4.3: | |
911 | |
912 How to view the headers of a message? | |
913 | |
914 | |
915 Answer: | |
916 | |
917 Say @samp{t} | |
918 to show all headers, one more | |
919 @samp{t} | |
920 hides them again. | |
921 | |
922 @ifnottex | |
923 @node [4.4], [4.5], [4.3], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
924 @end ifnottex | |
925 @subsubheading Question 4.4: | |
926 | |
927 How to view the raw unformatted message? | |
928 | |
929 | |
930 Answer: | |
931 | |
932 Say | |
933 @samp{C-u g} | |
934 to show the raw message | |
935 @samp{g} | |
936 returns to normal view. | |
937 | |
938 @ifnottex | |
939 @node [4.5], [4.6], [4.4], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
940 @end ifnottex | |
941 @subsubheading Question 4.5: | |
942 | |
943 How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at | |
944 the top of the article buffer? | |
945 | |
946 | |
947 Answer: | |
948 | |
949 The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers | |
950 are shown, its value is a regular expression, header lines | |
951 which match it are shown. So if you want author, subject, | |
952 date, and if the header exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA | |
953 say this in ~/.gnus: | |
954 | |
955 @example | |
956 (setq gnus-visible-headers | |
957 "^\\(From:\\|Subject:\\|Date:\\|Followup-To:\ | |
958 \\|X-Newsreader:\\|User-Agent:\\|X-Mailer:\\)") | |
959 @end example | |
960 | |
961 @ifnottex | |
962 @node [4.6], [4.7], [4.5], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
963 @end ifnottex | |
964 @subsubheading Question 4.6: | |
965 | |
966 I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the | |
967 text part if it's available. How to do it? | |
968 | |
969 | |
970 Answer: | |
971 | |
972 Say | |
973 | |
974 | |
975 @example | |
976 (eval-after-load "mm-decode" | |
977 '(progn | |
978 (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/html") | |
979 (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/richtext"))) | |
980 @end example | |
981 | |
982 @noindent | |
983 in ~/.gnus. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no text alternative add | |
984 | |
985 | |
986 @example | |
987 (setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display)) | |
988 @end example | |
989 | |
990 @noindent | |
991 too. | |
992 | |
993 @ifnottex | |
994 @node [4.7], [4.8], [4.6], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
995 @end ifnottex | |
996 @subsubheading Question 4.7: | |
997 | |
998 Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails? | |
999 | |
1000 | |
1001 Answer: | |
1002 | |
1003 Only if you use Gnus 5.10.0 or younger. In this case you've got the | |
1004 choice between w3, w3m, links, lynx and html2text, which | |
1005 one is used can be specified in the variable | |
1006 mm-text-html-renderer, so if you want links to render your | |
1007 mail say | |
1008 | |
1009 | |
1010 @example | |
1011 (setq mm-text-html-renderer 'links) | |
1012 @end example | |
1013 | |
1014 @ifnottex | |
1015 @node [4.8], [4.9], [4.7], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
1016 @end ifnottex | |
1017 @subsubheading Question 4.8: | |
1018 | |
1019 Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails | |
1020 more readable? | |
1021 | |
1022 | |
1023 Answer: | |
1024 | |
1025 Gnus offers you several functions to "wash" incoming mail, | |
1026 you can find them if you browse through the menu, item Article->Washing. The most | |
1027 interesting ones are probably "Wrap long lines" ( | |
1028 @samp{W w} | |
1029 ), "Decode ROT13" ( | |
1030 @samp{W r} | |
1031 ) and "Outlook Deuglify" which repairs the dumb quoting used | |
1032 by many users of Microsoft products ( | |
1033 @samp{W Y f} gives you full deuglify. | |
1034 See @samp{W Y C-h} or | |
1035 have a look at the menus for other deuglifications). | |
1036 Outlook deuglify is only available since Gnus 5.10.0. | |
1037 | |
1038 @ifnottex | |
1039 @node [4.9], [4.10], [4.8], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
1040 @end ifnottex | |
1041 @subsubheading Question 4.9: | |
1042 | |
1043 Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific | |
1044 authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I | |
1045 highlight more interesting ones in some way? | |
1046 | |
1047 | |
1048 Answer: | |
1049 | |
1050 You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules | |
1051 which assign each message an integer value. Depending on | |
1052 the value the message is highlighted in summary buffer (if | |
1053 it's high, say +2000) or automatically marked read (if the | |
1054 value is low, say -800) or some other action happens. | |
1055 | |
1056 | |
1057 There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign | |
1058 the scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set | |
1059 up rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're | |
1060 reading a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want | |
1061 to ignore his messages in the future. Hit | |
1062 @samp{L}, to set up a rule which lowers the score. | |
1063 Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering the Score shall | |
1064 be. Hit @samp{?} twice to see all possibilities, | |
1065 we want @samp{a} which means the author (the from | |
1066 header). Now Gnus wants to know which kind of matching we want. | |
1067 Hit either @samp{e} for an exact match or | |
1068 @samp{s} for substring-match and delete afterwards | |
1069 everything but the name to score down all authors with the given | |
1070 name no matter which email address is used. Now you need to tell | |
1071 Gnus when to apply the rule and how long it should last, hit e.g. | |
1072 @samp{p} to apply the rule now and let it last | |
1073 forever. If you want to raise the score instead of lowering it say | |
1074 @samp{I} instead of @samp{L}. | |
1075 | |
1076 | |
1077 You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say @samp{V | |
1078 f} in summary buffer. Then you are asked for the name | |
1079 of the score file, it's name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in | |
1080 only one group or all.Score for rules valid in all groups. See the | |
1081 Gnus manual for the exact syntax, basically it's one big list | |
1082 whose elements are lists again. the first element of those lists | |
1083 is the header to score on, then one more list with what to match, | |
1084 which score to assign, when to expire the rule and how to do the | |
1085 matching. If you find me very interesting, you could e.g. add the | |
1086 following to your all.Score: | |
1087 | |
1088 | |
1089 @example | |
1090 (("references" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 500 nil s)) | |
1091 ("message-id" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 999 nil s))) | |
1092 @end example | |
1093 | |
1094 @noindent | |
1095 This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me | |
1096 and 500 to the score of messages which are a (possibly | |
1097 indirect) answer to a message written by me. Of course | |
1098 nobody with a sane mind would do this :-) | |
1099 | |
1100 | |
1101 The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus | |
1102 watches you and tries to find out what you find | |
1103 interesting and what annoying and sets up rules | |
1104 which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can be a huge help | |
1105 when reading high traffic groups. If you want to activate | |
1106 adaptive scoring say | |
1107 | |
1108 | |
1109 @example | |
1110 (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring t) | |
1111 @end example | |
1112 | |
1113 @noindent | |
1114 in ~/.gnus. | |
1115 | |
1116 @ifnottex | |
1117 @node [4.10], [4.11], [4.9], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
1118 @end ifnottex | |
1119 @subsubheading Question 4.10: | |
1120 | |
1121 How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or | |
1122 set other variables specific for some groups? | |
1123 | |
1124 | |
1125 Answer: | |
1126 | |
1127 While in group buffer move point over the group and hit | |
1128 @samp{G c}, this opens a buffer where you | |
1129 can set options for the group. At the bottom of the buffer | |
1130 you'll find an item that allows you to set variables | |
1131 locally for the group. To disable threading enter | |
1132 gnus-show-threads as name of variable and nil as | |
1133 value. Hit button done at the top of the buffer when | |
1134 you're ready. | |
1135 | |
1136 @ifnottex | |
1137 @node [4.11], [4.12], [4.10], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
1138 @end ifnottex | |
1139 @subsubheading Question 4.11: | |
1140 | |
1141 Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to | |
1142 those? | |
1143 | |
1144 | |
1145 Answer: | |
1146 | |
1147 Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes | |
1148 in Gnus Country :-). It's a three step process: First we | |
1149 make faces (specifications of how summary-line shall look | |
1150 like) for those postings, then we'll give them some | |
1151 special score and finally we'll tell Gnus to use the new | |
1152 faces. You can find detailed instructions on how to do it on | |
1153 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/Members/dzimmerm/HowTo%2C2002-07-25%2C1027619165012198456/view,my.gnus.org} | |
1154 | |
1155 @ifnottex | |
1156 @node [4.12], [4.13], [4.11], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
1157 @end ifnottex | |
1158 @subsubheading Question 4.12: | |
1159 | |
1160 The number of total messages in a group which Gnus | |
1161 displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in | |
1162 mail groups. Is this a bug? | |
1163 | |
1164 | |
1165 Answer: | |
1166 | |
1167 No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would | |
1168 mean reimplementation of major parts of Gnus' | |
1169 back ends. Gnus thinks "highest-article-number - | |
1170 lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles". This | |
1171 works OK for Usenet groups, but if you delete and move | |
1172 many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the | |
1173 symptom, enter the group via @samp{C-u RET} | |
1174 (this makes Gnus get all messages), then | |
1175 hit @samp{M P b} to mark all messages and | |
1176 then say @samp{B m name.of.group} to move | |
1177 all messages to the group they have been in before, they | |
1178 get new message numbers in this process and the count is | |
1179 right again (until you delete and move your mail to other | |
1180 groups again). | |
1181 | |
1182 @ifnottex | |
1183 @node [4.13], [4.14], [4.12], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
1184 @end ifnottex | |
1185 @subsubheading Question 4.13: | |
1186 | |
1187 I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how | |
1188 to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display? | |
1189 | |
1190 | |
1191 Answer: | |
1192 | |
1193 You can control the windows configuration by calling the | |
1194 function gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit | |
1195 complicated but explained very well in the manual node | |
1196 "Window Layout". Some popular examples: | |
1197 | |
1198 | |
1199 Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65% | |
1200 article (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining | |
1201 space"): | |
1202 | |
1203 | |
1204 @example | |
1205 (gnus-add-configuration | |
1206 '(article (vertical 1.0 | |
1207 (summary .35 point) | |
1208 (article 1.0)))) | |
1209 @end example | |
1210 | |
1211 | |
1212 A three pane layout, Group buffer on the left, summary | |
1213 buffer top-right, article buffer bottom-right: | |
1214 | |
1215 | |
1216 @example | |
1217 (gnus-add-configuration | |
1218 '(article | |
1219 (horizontal 1.0 | |
1220 (vertical 25 | |
1221 (group 1.0)) | |
1222 (vertical 1.0 | |
1223 (summary 0.25 point) | |
1224 (article 1.0))))) | |
1225 (gnus-add-configuration | |
1226 '(summary | |
1227 (horizontal 1.0 | |
1228 (vertical 25 | |
1229 (group 1.0)) | |
1230 (vertical 1.0 | |
1231 (summary 1.0 point))))) | |
1232 @end example | |
1233 | |
1234 @ifnottex | |
1235 @node [4.14], [4.15], [4.13], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
1236 @end ifnottex | |
1237 @subsubheading Question 4.14: | |
1238 | |
1239 I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it? | |
1240 | |
1241 | |
1242 Answer: | |
1243 | |
1244 You've got to play around with the variable | |
1245 gnus-summary-line-format. It's value is a string of | |
1246 symbols which stand for things like author, date, subject | |
1247 etc. A list of the available specifiers can be found in the | |
1248 manual node "Summary Buffer Lines" and the often forgotten | |
1249 node "Formatting Variables" and it's sub-nodes. There | |
1250 you'll find useful things like positioning the cursor and | |
1251 tabulators which allow you a summary in table form, but | |
1252 sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8. | |
1253 | |
1254 | |
1255 Since 5.10.0, Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers, | |
1256 e.g. %B which draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which | |
1257 gives you a date where the details are dependent of the | |
1258 articles age. Here's an example which uses both: | |
1259 | |
1260 | |
1261 @example | |
1262 (setq gnus-summary-line-format | |
1263 ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date; \n") | |
1264 @end example | |
1265 | |
1266 @noindent | |
1267 resulting in: | |
1268 | |
1269 | |
1270 @smallexample | |
1271 :O Re: [Richard Stallman] rfc2047.el | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:06 | |
1272 :O Re: Revival of the ding-patches list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:12 | |
1273 :R > Re: Find correct list of articles for a gro| 25 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:16 | |
1274 :O \-> ... | 21 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:01 | |
1275 :R > Re: Cry for help: deuglify.el - moving stuf| 28 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:34 | |
1276 :O \-> ... | 115 |Raymond Scholz | 1:24 | |
1277 :O \-> ... | 19 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |15:33 | |
1278 :O Slow mailing list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:49 | |
1279 :O Re: `@@' mark not documented | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:50 | |
1280 :R > Re: Gnus still doesn't count messages prope| 23 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:57 | |
1281 :O \-> ... | 18 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:35 | |
1282 :O \-> ... | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt | 0:56 | |
1283 @end smallexample | |
1284 | |
1285 @ifnottex | |
1286 @node [4.15], , [4.14], FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
1287 @end ifnottex | |
1288 @subsubheading Question 4.15: | |
1289 | |
1290 How to split incoming mails in several groups? | |
1291 | |
1292 | |
1293 Answer: | |
1294 | |
1295 Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy | |
1296 nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail | |
1297 Splitting. I'll only talk about the first one, refer to | |
1298 the manual, node "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter. | |
1299 | |
1300 | |
1301 The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element | |
1302 is a list which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has | |
1303 the form "group where matching articles should go to", | |
1304 "regular expression which has to be matched", the first | |
1305 rule which matches wins. The last rule must always be a | |
1306 general rule (regular expression .*) which denotes where | |
1307 articles should go which don't match any other rule. If | |
1308 the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon | |
1309 as an article lands there. By default the mail will be | |
1310 send to all groups whose rules match. If you | |
1311 don't want that (you probably don't want), say | |
1312 | |
1313 | |
1314 @example | |
1315 (setq nnmail-crosspost nil) | |
1316 @end example | |
1317 | |
1318 @noindent | |
1319 in ~/.gnus. | |
1320 | |
1321 | |
1322 An example might be better than thousand words, so here's | |
1323 my nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a | |
1324 special group and that the default group is spam, since I | |
1325 filter all mails out which are from some list I'm | |
1326 subscribed to or which are addressed directly to me | |
1327 before. Those rules kill about 80% of the Spam which | |
1328 reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent spammers | |
1329 from using them): | |
1330 | |
1331 | |
1332 @example | |
1333 (setq nnmail-split-methods | |
1334 '(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate") | |
1335 ("XEmacs-NT" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@xemacs.bla.*") | |
1336 ("Gnus-Tut" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@socha.bla.*") | |
1337 ("tcsh" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@mx.gw.bla.*") | |
1338 ("BAfH" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@.*uni-muenchen.bla.*") | |
1339 ("Hamster-src" | |
1340 "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*hamster-sourcen@@yahoogroups.\\(de\\|com\\).*") | |
1341 ("Tagesschau" "^From: tagesschau <localpart@@www.tagesschau.bla>$") | |
1342 ("Replies" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@Frank-Schmitt.bla.*") | |
1343 ("EK" | |
1344 "^From:.*\\(localpart@@privateprovider.bla\\|localpart@@workplace.bla\\).*") | |
1345 ("Spam" | |
1346 "^Content-Type:.*\\(ks_c_5601-1987\\|EUC-KR\\|big5\\|iso-2022-jp\\).*") | |
1347 ("Spam" | |
1348 "^Subject:.*\\(This really work\\|XINGA\\|ADV:\\|XXX\\|adult\\|sex\\).*") | |
1349 ("Spam" | |
1350 "^Subject:.*\\(\=\?ks_c_5601-1987\?\\|\=\?euc-kr\?\\|\=\?big5\?\\).*") | |
1351 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*BulkMailer.*\\|.*MIME::Lite.*\\|\\)") | |
1352 ("Spam" | |
1353 "^X-Mailer:\\(.*CyberCreek Avalanche\\|.*http\:\/\/GetResponse\.com\\)") | |
1354 ("Spam" | |
1355 "^From:.*\\(verizon\.net\\|prontomail\.com\\|money\\|ConsumerDirect\\).*") | |
1356 ("Spam" "^Delivered-To: GMX delivery to spamtrap@@gmx.bla$") | |
1357 ("Spam" "^Received: from link2buy.com") | |
1358 ("Spam" "^CC: .*azzrael@@t-online.bla") | |
1359 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer-Version: 1.50 BETA") | |
1360 ("Uni" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@uni-koblenz.bla.*") | |
1361 ("Inbox" | |
1362 "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*\\(my\ name\\|address@@one.bla\\|adress@@two.bla\\)") | |
1363 ("Spam" ""))) | |
1364 @end example | |
1365 | |
1366 | |
1367 @ifnottex | |
1368 @node FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 4 - Reading messages, Frequently Asked Questions | |
1369 @end ifnottex | |
1370 @subsection Composing messages | |
1371 | |
1372 @menu | |
1373 * [5.1]:: What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and | |
1374 postings? | |
1375 * [5.2]:: How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages? | |
1376 * [5.3]:: How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...? | |
1377 * [5.4]:: Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the | |
1378 group I post too? | |
1379 * [5.5]:: Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking? | |
1380 * [5.6]:: Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to? | |
1381 * [5.7]:: Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember all | |
1382 those email addresses? | |
1383 * [5.8]:: Sometimes I see little images at the top of article buffer. | |
1384 What's that and how can I send one with my postings, too? | |
1385 * [5.9]:: Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in newsgroups. | |
1386 Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in newsgroups? | |
1387 * [5.10]:: How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header? | |
1388 * [5.11]:: I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and news, | |
1389 how to do it? | |
1390 * [5.12]:: People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, | |
1391 why aren't they and how to fix it? | |
1392 @end menu | |
1393 | |
1394 @ifnottex | |
1395 @node [5.1], [5.2], FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 5 - Composing messages | |
1396 @end ifnottex | |
1397 @subsubheading Question 5.1: | |
1398 | |
1399 What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and postings? | |
1400 | |
1401 | |
1402 Answer: | |
1403 | |
1404 To start composing a new mail hit @samp{m} | |
1405 either in Group or Summary buffer, for a posting, it's | |
1406 either @samp{a} in Group buffer and | |
1407 filling the Newsgroups header manually | |
1408 or @samp{a} in the Summary buffer of the | |
1409 group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail | |
1410 is | |
1411 @samp{r} if you don't want to cite the | |
1412 author, or import the cited text manually and | |
1413 @samp{R} to cite the text of the original | |
1414 message. For a follow up to a newsgroup, it's | |
1415 @samp{f} and @samp{F} | |
1416 (analog to @samp{r} and | |
1417 @samp{R}. | |
1418 | |
1419 | |
1420 Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows | |
1421 this line--", enter the text below the line. When ready | |
1422 hit @samp{C-c C-c}, to send the message, | |
1423 if you want to finish it later hit @samp{C-c | |
1424 C-d} to save it in the drafts group, where you | |
1425 can start editing it again by saying @samp{D | |
1426 e}. | |
1427 | |
1428 @ifnottex | |
1429 @node [5.2], [5.3], [5.1], FAQ 5 - Composing messages | |
1430 @end ifnottex | |
1431 @subsubheading Question 5.2: | |
1432 | |
1433 How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages? | |
1434 | |
1435 | |
1436 Answer: | |
1437 | |
1438 Say | |
1439 | |
1440 | |
1441 @example | |
1442 (add-hook 'message-mode-hook | |
1443 (lambda () | |
1444 (setq fill-column 72) | |
1445 (turn-on-auto-fill))) | |
1446 @end example | |
1447 | |
1448 @noindent | |
1449 in ~/.gnus. You can reformat a paragraph by hitting | |
1450 @samp{M-q} (as usual) | |
1451 | |
1452 @ifnottex | |
1453 @node [5.3], [5.4], [5.2], FAQ 5 - Composing messages | |
1454 @end ifnottex | |
1455 @subsubheading Question 5.3: | |
1456 | |
1457 How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...? | |
1458 | |
1459 | |
1460 Answer: | |
1461 | |
1462 There are other ways, but you should use posting styles | |
1463 for this. (See below why). | |
1464 This example should make the syntax clear: | |
1465 | |
1466 | |
1467 @example | |
1468 (setq gnus-posting-styles | |
1469 '((".*" | |
1470 (name "Frank Schmitt") | |
1471 (address "me@@there.bla") | |
1472 (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi") | |
1473 (signature-file "~/.signature") | |
1474 ("X-SampleHeader" "foobar") | |
1475 (eval (setq some-variable "Foo bar"))))) | |
1476 @end example | |
1477 | |
1478 @noindent | |
1479 The ".*" means that this settings are the default ones | |
1480 (see below), valid values for the first element of the | |
1481 following lists are signature, signature-file, | |
1482 organization, address, name or body. The attribute name | |
1483 can also be a string. In that case, this will be used as | |
1484 a header name, and the value will be inserted in the | |
1485 headers of the article; if the value is `nil', the header | |
1486 name will be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)), | |
1487 then the function foo will be evaluated with argument bar | |
1488 and the result will be thrown away. | |
1489 | |
1490 @ifnottex | |
1491 @node [5.4], [5.5], [5.3], FAQ 5 - Composing messages | |
1492 @end ifnottex | |
1493 @subsubheading Question 5.4: | |
1494 | |
1495 Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group I post too? | |
1496 | |
1497 | |
1498 Answer: | |
1499 | |
1500 That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*" | |
1501 to set the default for all groups. You can use a regexp | |
1502 like "^gmane" and the following settings are only applied | |
1503 to postings you send to the gmane hierarchy, use | |
1504 ".*binaries" instead and they will be applied to postings | |
1505 send to groups containing the string binaries in their | |
1506 name etc. | |
1507 | |
1508 | |
1509 You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function | |
1510 which is evaluated, only if it returns true, the | |
1511 corresponding settings take effect. Two interesting | |
1512 candidates for this are message-news-p which returns t if | |
1513 the current Group is a newsgroup and the corresponding | |
1514 message-mail-p. | |
1515 | |
1516 | |
1517 Note that all forms that match are applied, that means in | |
1518 the example below, when I post to | |
1519 gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general, the settings under | |
1520 ".*" are applied and the settings under message-news-p and | |
1521 those under "^gmane" and those under | |
1522 "^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because | |
1523 of this put general settings at the top and specific ones | |
1524 at the bottom. | |
1525 | |
1526 | |
1527 @example | |
1528 (setq gnus-posting-styles | |
1529 '((".*" ;;default | |
1530 (name "Frank Schmitt") | |
1531 (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi") | |
1532 (signature-file "~/.signature")) | |
1533 ((message-news-p) ;;Usenet news? | |
1534 (address "mySpamTrap@@Frank-Schmitt.bla") | |
1535 ("Reply-To" "hereRealRepliesOnlyPlease@@Frank-Schmitt.bla")) | |
1536 ((message-mail-p) ;;mail? | |
1537 (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.bla")) | |
1538 ("^gmane" ;;this is mail, too in fact | |
1539 (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.net") | |
1540 ("Reply-To" nil)) | |
1541 ("^gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general$" | |
1542 (eval (setq mail-envelope-from "Azzrael@@rz-online.de")) | |
1543 (address "Azzrael@@rz-online.de")))) | |
1544 @end example | |
1545 | |
1546 @ifnottex | |
1547 @node [5.5], [5.6], [5.4], FAQ 5 - Composing messages | |
1548 @end ifnottex | |
1549 @subsubheading Question 5.5: | |
1550 | |
1551 Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking? | |
1552 | |
1553 | |
1554 Answer: | |
1555 | |
1556 You can use ispell.el to spell-check stuff in Emacs. So the first | |
1557 thing to do is to make sure that you've got either | |
25 @itemize @bullet | 1558 @itemize @bullet |
26 @item | 1559 @item |
27 Q1.1 What is the latest version of Gnus? | 1560 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/fmg-members/geoff/ispell.html,ispell} |
28 | 1561 or |
29 The latest (and greatest) version is 5.0.10. You might also run | |
30 across something called @emph{September Gnus}. September Gnus | |
31 is the alpha version of the next major release of Gnus. It is currently | |
32 not stable enough to run unless you are prepared to debug lisp. | |
33 | |
34 @item | 1562 @item |
35 Q1.2 Where do I get Gnus? | 1563 @uref{http://aspell.sourceforge.net/,aspell} |
36 | |
37 Any of the following locations: | |
38 | |
39 @itemize @minus | |
40 @item | |
41 @file{ftp://ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/emacs/gnus/gnus.tar.gz} | |
42 | |
43 @item | |
44 @file{ftp://ftp.pilgrim.umass.edu/pub/misc/ding/} | |
45 | |
46 @item | |
47 @file{gopher://gopher.pilgrim.umass.edu/11/pub/misc/ding/} | |
48 | |
49 @item | |
50 @file{ftp://aphrodite.nectar.cs.cmu.edu/pub/ding-gnus/} | |
51 | |
52 @item | |
53 @file{ftp://ftp.solace.mh.se:/pub/gnu/elisp/} | |
54 | |
55 @end itemize | 1564 @end itemize |
56 | 1565 @noindent |
57 @item | 1566 installed and in your Path. |
58 Q1.3 Which version of Emacs do I need? | 1567 |
59 | 1568 Then you need |
60 At least GNU Emacs 19.28, or XEmacs 19.12 is recommended. GNU Emacs | 1569 @uref{http://www.kdstevens.com/~stevens/ispell-page.html,ispell.el,ispell.el} |
61 19.25 has been reported to work under certain circumstances, but it | 1570 and for on-the-fly spell-checking |
62 doesn't @emph{officially} work on it. 19.27 has also been reported to | 1571 @uref{http://www-sop.inria.fr/mimosa/personnel/Manuel.Serrano/flyspell/flyspell.html,flyspell.el,flyspell.el}. |
63 work. Gnus has been reported to work under OS/2 as well as Unix. | 1572 Ispell.el is shipped with Gnus Emacs and available through the Emacs |
64 | 1573 package system, flyspell.el is shipped with Emacs and part of XEmacs |
65 | 1574 text-modes package which is available through the package system, so |
66 @item | 1575 there should be no need to install them manually. |
67 Q1.4 Where is timezone.el? | 1576 |
68 | 1577 |
69 Upgrade to XEmacs 19.13. In earlier versions of XEmacs this file was | 1578 Ispell.el assumes you use ispell, if you choose aspell say |
70 placed with Gnus 4.1.3, but that has been corrected. | 1579 |
71 | 1580 |
72 | 1581 @example |
73 @item | 1582 (setq ispell-program-name "aspell") |
74 Q1.5 When I run Gnus on XEmacs 19.13 I get weird error messages. | 1583 @end example |
75 | 1584 |
76 You're running an old version of Gnus. Upgrade to at least version | 1585 |
77 5.0.4. | 1586 @noindent |
78 | 1587 in your Emacs configuration file. |
79 | 1588 |
80 @item | 1589 |
81 Q1.6 How do I unsubscribe from the Mailing List? | 1590 If you want your outgoing messages to be spell-checked, say |
82 | 1591 |
83 Send an e-mail message to @file{ding-request@@ifi.uio.no} with the magic word | 1592 |
84 @emph{unsubscribe} somewhere in it, and you will be removed. | 1593 @example |
85 | 1594 (add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message) |
86 If you are reading the digest version of the list, send an e-mail message | 1595 @end example |
87 to @* | 1596 |
88 @file{ding-rn-digests-d-request@@moe.shore.net} | 1597 @noindent |
89 with @emph{unsubscribe} as the subject and you will be removed. | 1598 In your ~/.gnus, if you prefer on-the-fly spell-checking say |
90 | 1599 |
91 | 1600 |
92 @item | 1601 @example |
93 Q1.7 How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs? | 1602 (add-hook 'message-mode-hook (lambda () (flyspell-mode 1))) |
94 | 1603 @end example |
95 The basic answer is to byte-compile under XEmacs, and then you can | 1604 |
96 run under either Emacsen. There is, however, a potential version | 1605 @ifnottex |
97 problem with easymenu.el with Gnu Emacs prior to 19.29. | 1606 @node [5.6], [5.7], [5.5], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
98 | 1607 @end ifnottex |
99 Per Abrahamsen <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk> writes :@* | 1608 @subsubheading Question 5.6: |
100 The internal easymenu.el interface changed between 19.28 and 19.29 in | 1609 |
101 order to make it possible to create byte compiled files that can be | 1610 Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to? |
102 shared between Gnu Emacs and XEmacs. The change is upward | 1611 |
103 compatible, but not downward compatible. | 1612 |
104 This gives the following compatibility table: | 1613 Answer: |
105 | 1614 |
106 @example | 1615 Yes, say something like |
107 Compiled with: | Can be used with: | 1616 |
108 ----------------+-------------------------------------- | 1617 |
109 19.28 | 19.28 19.29 | 1618 @example |
110 19.29 | 19.29 XEmacs | 1619 (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook |
111 XEmacs | 19.29 XEmacs | 1620 (lambda () |
112 @end example | 1621 (cond |
113 | 1622 ((string-match |
114 If you have Gnu Emacs 19.28 or earlier, or XEmacs 19.12 or earlier, get | 1623 "^de\\." (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name)) |
115 a recent version of auc-menu.el from | 1624 (ispell-change-dictionary "deutsch8")) |
116 @file{ftp://ftp.iesd.auc.dk/pub/emacs-lisp/auc-menu.el}, and install it | 1625 (t |
117 under the name easymenu.el somewhere early in your load path. | 1626 (ispell-change-dictionary "english"))))) |
118 | 1627 @end example |
119 | 1628 |
120 @item | 1629 |
121 Q1.8 What resources are available? | 1630 @noindent |
122 | 1631 in ~/.gnus. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something |
123 There is the newsgroup Gnu.emacs.gnus. Discussion of Gnus 5.x is now | 1632 that suits your needs. |
124 taking place there. There is also a mailing list, send mail to | 1633 |
125 @file{ding-request@@ifi.uio.no} with the magic word @emph{subscribe} | 1634 @ifnottex |
126 somewhere in it. | 1635 @node [5.7], [5.8], [5.6], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
127 | 1636 @end ifnottex |
128 @emph{NOTE:} the traffic on this list is heavy so you may not want to be | 1637 @subsubheading Question 5.7: |
129 on it (unless you use Gnus as your mailer reader, that is). The mailing | 1638 |
130 list is mainly for developers and testers. | 1639 Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember |
131 | 1640 all those email addresses? |
132 Gnus has a home World Wide Web page at@* | 1641 |
133 @file{http://www.gnus.org/}. | 1642 |
134 | 1643 Answer: |
135 Gnus has a write up in the X Applications FAQ at@* | 1644 |
136 @file{http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/xapps/Q-III.html}. | 1645 There's an very basic solution for this, mail aliases. |
137 | 1646 You can store your mail addresses in a ~/.mailrc file using a simple |
138 The Gnus manual is also available on the World Wide Web. The canonical | 1647 alias syntax: |
139 source is in Norway at@* | 1648 |
140 @file{http://www.gnus.org/manual/gnus_toc.html}. | 1649 |
141 | 1650 @example |
142 There are three mirrors in the United States: | 1651 alias al "Al <al@@english-heritage.bla>" |
143 @enumerate | 1652 @end example |
144 @item | 1653 |
145 @file{http://www.miranova.com/gnus-man/} | 1654 @noindent |
146 | 1655 Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation |
147 @item | 1656 character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will |
148 @file{http://www.pilgrim.umass.edu/pub/misc/ding/manual/gnus_toc.html} | 1657 cause Gnus to insert the full address for you. See the |
149 | 1658 node "Mail Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for |
150 @item | 1659 details. |
151 @file{http://www.rtd.com/~woo/gnus/} | 1660 |
152 | 1661 |
153 @end enumerate | 1662 However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother |
154 | 1663 Database bbdb. Get it through the XEmacs package system or from |
155 PostScript copies of the Gnus Reference card are available from@* | 1664 @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/,bbdb's homepage}. |
156 @file{ftp://ftp.cs.ualberta.ca/pub/oolog/gnus/}. They are mirrored at@* | 1665 Now place the following in ~/.gnus, to activate bbdb for Gnus: |
157 @file{ftp://ftp.pilgrim.umass.edu/pub/misc/ding/refcard/} in the | 1666 |
158 United States. And@* | 1667 |
159 @file{ftp://marvin.fkphy.uni-duesseldorf.de/pub/gnus/} | 1668 @example |
160 in Germany. | 1669 (require 'bbdb) |
161 | 1670 (bbdb-initialize 'gnus 'message) |
162 An online version of the Gnus FAQ is available at@* | 1671 @end example |
163 @file{http://www.miranova.com/~steve/gnus-faq.html}. Off-line formats | 1672 |
164 are also available:@* | 1673 @noindent |
165 ASCII: @file{ftp://ftp.miranova.com/pub/gnus/gnus-faq}@* | 1674 Now you probably want some general bbdb configuration, |
166 PostScript: @file{ftp://ftp.miranova.com/pub/gnus/gnus-faq.ps}. | 1675 place them in ~/.emacs: |
167 | 1676 |
168 | 1677 |
169 @item | 1678 @example |
170 Q1.9 Gnus hangs on connecting to NNTP server | 1679 (require 'bbdb) |
171 | 1680 ;;If you don't live in Northern America, you should disable the |
172 I am running XEmacs on SunOS and Gnus prints a message about Connecting | 1681 ;;syntax check for telephone numbers by saying |
173 to NNTP server and then just hangs. | 1682 (setq bbdb-north-american-phone-numbers-p nil) |
174 | 1683 ;;Tell bbdb about your email address: |
175 Ben Wing <wing@@netcom.com> writes :@* | 1684 (setq bbdb-user-mail-names |
176 I wonder if you're hitting the infamous @emph{libresolv} problem. | 1685 (regexp-opt '("Your.Email@@here.bla" |
177 The basic problem is that under SunOS you can compile either | 1686 "Your.other@@mail.there.bla"))) |
178 with DNS or NIS name lookup libraries but not both. Try | 1687 ;;cycling while completing email addresses |
179 substituting the IP address and see if that works; if so, you | 1688 (setq bbdb-complete-name-allow-cycling t) |
180 need to download the sources and recompile. | 1689 ;;No popup-buffers |
181 | 1690 (setq bbdb-use-pop-up nil) |
182 | 1691 @end example |
183 @item | 1692 |
184 Q1.10 Mailcrypt 3.4 doesn't work | 1693 @noindent |
185 | 1694 Now you should be ready to go. Say @samp{M-x bbdb RET |
186 This problem is verified to still exist in Gnus 5.0.9 and Mailcrypt 3.4. | 1695 RET} to open a bbdb buffer showing all |
187 The answer comes from Peter Arius | 1696 entries. Say @samp{c} to create a new |
188 <arius@@immd2.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>. | 1697 entry, @samp{b} to search your BBDB and |
189 | 1698 @samp{C-o} to add a new field to an |
190 I found out that mailcrypt uses | 1699 entry. If you want to add a sender to the BBDB you can |
191 @code{gnus-eval-in-buffer-window}, which is a macro. | 1700 also just hit `:' on the posting in the summary buffer and |
192 It seems as if you have | 1701 you are done. When you now compose a new mail, |
193 compiled mailcrypt with plain old GNUS in load path, and the XEmacs byte | 1702 hit @samp{TAB} to cycle through know |
194 compiler has inserted that macro definition into | 1703 recipients. |
195 @file{mc-toplev.elc}. | 1704 |
196 The solution is to recompile @file{mc-toplev.el} with Gnus 5 in | 1705 @ifnottex |
197 load-path, and it works fine. | 1706 @node [5.8], [5.9], [5.7], FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
198 | 1707 @end ifnottex |
199 Steve Baur <steve@@miranova.com> adds :@* | 1708 @subsubheading Question 5.8: |
200 The problem also manifests itself if neither GNUS 4 nor Gnus 5 is in the | 1709 |
201 load-path. | 1710 Sometimes I see little images at the top of article |
202 | 1711 buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my |
203 | 1712 postings, too? |
204 @item | 1713 |
205 Q1.11 What other packages work with Gnus? | 1714 |
206 | 1715 Answer: |
207 @itemize @minus | 1716 |
208 @item | 1717 Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w |
209 Mailcrypt. | 1718 pictures, encoded in a header line. If you want to include |
210 | 1719 one in your posts, you've got to convert some image to a |
211 Mailcrypt is an Emacs interface to PGP. It works, it installs | 1720 X-Face. So fire up some image manipulation program (say |
212 without hassle, and integrates very easily. Mailcrypt can be | 1721 Gimp), open the image you want to include, cut out the |
213 obtained from@* | 1722 relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit, resize to |
214 @file{ftp://cag.lcs.mit.edu/pub/patl/mailcrypt-3.4.tar.gz}. | 1723 48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface |
215 | 1724 package from |
216 @item | 1725 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/,this site}. |
217 Tools for Mime. | 1726 and create the actual X-face by saying |
218 | 1727 |
219 Tools for Mime is an Emacs MUA interface to MIME. Installation is | 1728 |
220 a two-step process unlike most other packages, so you should | 1729 @example |
221 be prepared to move the byte-compiled code somewhere. There | 1730 cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon |compface > file.face |
222 are currently two versions of this package available. It can | 1731 cat ./file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g' | sed 's/\"/\\\"/g' > ./file.face.quoted |
223 be obtained from@* | 1732 @end example |
224 @file{ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/GNU/elisp/}. | 1733 |
225 Be sure to apply the supplied patch. It works with Gnus through | 1734 @noindent |
226 version 5.0.9. In order for all dependencies to work correctly | 1735 If you can't use compface, there's an online X-face converter at@* |
227 the load sequence is as follows: | 1736 @uref{http://www.dairiki.org/xface/}. If you use MS Windows, you |
228 @lisp | 1737 could also use the WinFace program from |
229 (load "tm-setup") | 1738 @uref{http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/}. |
230 (load "gnus") | 1739 |
231 (load "mime-compose") | 1740 Now you only have to tell Gnus to include the X-face in your postings |
232 @end lisp | 1741 by saying |
233 | 1742 |
234 @emph{NOTE:} Loading the package disables citation highlighting by | 1743 @example |
235 default. To get the old behavior back, use the @kbd{M-t} command. | 1744 (setq message-default-headers |
236 | 1745 (with-temp-buffer |
237 @end itemize | 1746 (insert "X-Face: ") |
238 | 1747 (insert-file-contents "~/.xemacs/xface") |
239 @end itemize | 1748 (buffer-string))) |
240 | 1749 @end example |
241 | 1750 |
242 @node Customization FAQ | 1751 @noindent |
243 @subsection Customization | 1752 in ~/.gnus. |
244 | 1753 |
1754 @ifnottex | |
1755 @node [5.9], [5.10], [5.8], FAQ 5 - Composing messages | |
1756 @end ifnottex | |
1757 @subsubheading Question 5.9: | |
1758 | |
1759 Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in | |
1760 newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in | |
1761 newsgroups? | |
1762 | |
1763 | |
1764 Answer: | |
1765 | |
1766 Put this in ~/.gnus: | |
1767 | |
1768 | |
1769 @example | |
1770 (setq gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news t) | |
1771 @end example | |
1772 | |
1773 @noindent | |
1774 if you already use Gnus 5.10.0, if you still use 5.8.8 or | |
1775 5.9 try this instead: | |
1776 | |
1777 | |
1778 @example | |
1779 (defadvice gnus-summary-reply (around reply-in-news activate) | |
1780 (interactive) | |
1781 (when (or (not (gnus-news-group-p gnus-newsgroup-name)) | |
1782 (y-or-n-p "Really reply? ")) | |
1783 ad-do-it)) | |
1784 @end example | |
1785 | |
1786 @ifnottex | |
1787 @node [5.10], [5.11], [5.9], FAQ 5 - Composing messages | |
1788 @end ifnottex | |
1789 @subsubheading Question 5.10: | |
1790 | |
1791 How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header? | |
1792 | |
1793 | |
1794 Answer: | |
1795 | |
1796 Since 5.10.0 Gnus doesn't generate a sender header by | |
1797 default. For older Gnus' try this in ~/.gnus: | |
1798 | |
1799 | |
1800 @example | |
1801 (eval-after-load "message" | |
1802 '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))) | |
1803 @end example | |
1804 | |
1805 | |
1806 @ifnottex | |
1807 @node [5.11], [5.12], [5.10], FAQ 5 - Composing messages | |
1808 @end ifnottex | |
1809 @subsubheading Question 5.11: | |
1810 | |
1811 I want gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and | |
1812 news, how to do it? | |
1813 | |
1814 | |
1815 Answer: | |
1816 | |
1817 You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do | |
1818 this. You can set it to a string giving the name of the | |
1819 group where the copies shall go or like in the example | |
1820 below use a function which is evaluated and which returns | |
1821 the group to use. | |
1822 | |
1823 | |
1824 @example | |
1825 (setq gnus-message-archive-group | |
1826 '((if (message-news-p) | |
1827 "nnml:Send-News" | |
1828 "nnml:Send-Mail"))) | |
1829 @end example | |
1830 | |
1831 | |
1832 @ifnottex | |
1833 @node [5.12], , [5.11], FAQ 5 - Composing messages | |
1834 @end ifnottex | |
1835 @subsubheading Question 5.12: | |
1836 | |
1837 People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why | |
1838 aren't they and how to fix it? | |
1839 | |
1840 | |
1841 Answer: | |
1842 | |
1843 The message-ID is an unique identifier for messages you | |
1844 send. To make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine | |
1845 name to put after the "@@". If the name of the machine | |
1846 where Gnus is running isn't suitable (it probably isn't | |
1847 at most private machines) you can tell Gnus what to use | |
1848 by saying | |
1849 @example | |
1850 (setq message-user-fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld") | |
1851 @end example | |
1852 @noindent | |
1853 in ~/.gnus. If you use Gnus 5.9 or ealier, you can use this | |
1854 instead: | |
1855 @example | |
1856 (eval-after-load "message" | |
1857 '(let (myfqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld");; <-- Edit this! | |
1858 (if (boundp 'message-user-fqdn) | |
1859 (setq message-user-fqdn fqdn) | |
1860 (gnus-message 1 "Redefining `message-make-fqdn'.") | |
1861 (defun message-make-fqdn () | |
1862 "Return user's fully qualified domain name." | |
1863 fqdn)))) | |
1864 @end example | |
1865 | |
1866 If you have no idea what to insert for | |
1867 "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several | |
1868 choices. You can either ask your provider if he allows | |
1869 you to use something like | |
1870 yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use | |
1871 somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain | |
1872 yourdomain.tld, or you can register at a service which | |
1873 gives private users a FQDN for free, e.g. | |
1874 @uref{http://www.stura.tu-freiberg.de/~dlx/addfqdn.html}. | |
1875 (Sorry but this website is in German, if you know of an | |
1876 English one offering the same, drop me a note). | |
1877 | |
1878 | |
1879 Finally you can tell Gnus not to generate a Message-ID | |
1880 for News at all (and letting the server do the job) by saying | |
1881 | |
1882 | |
1883 @example | |
1884 (setq message-required-news-headers | |
1885 (remove' Message-ID message-required-news-headers)) | |
1886 @end example | |
1887 | |
1888 @noindent | |
1889 you can also tell Gnus not to generate Message-IDs for mail by saying | |
1890 | |
1891 | |
1892 @example | |
1893 (setq message-required-mail-headers | |
1894 (remove' Message-ID message-required-mail-headers)) | |
1895 @end example | |
1896 | |
1897 @noindent | |
1898 , however some mail servers don't generate proper | |
1899 Message-IDs, too, so test if your Mail Server behaves | |
1900 correctly by sending yourself a Mail and looking at the Message-ID. | |
1901 | |
1902 | |
1903 @ifnottex | |
1904 @node FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 5 - Composing messages, Frequently Asked Questions | |
1905 @end ifnottex | |
1906 @subsection Old messages | |
1907 | |
1908 @menu | |
1909 * [6.1]:: How to import my old mail into Gnus? | |
1910 * [6.2]:: How to archive interesting messages? | |
1911 * [6.3]:: How to search for a specific message? | |
1912 * [6.4]:: How to get rid of old unwanted mail? | |
1913 * [6.5]:: I want that all read messages are expired (at least in some | |
1914 groups). How to do it? | |
1915 * [6.6]:: I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them | |
1916 to another group. | |
1917 @end menu | |
1918 | |
1919 @ifnottex | |
1920 @node [6.1], [6.2], FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 6 - Old messages | |
1921 @end ifnottex | |
1922 @subsubheading Question 6.1: | |
1923 | |
1924 How to import my old mail into Gnus? | |
1925 | |
1926 | |
1927 Answer: | |
1928 | |
1929 The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to | |
1930 export the messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers | |
1931 are able to do this, if you come from the MS Windows | |
1932 world, you may find tools at | |
1933 @uref{http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/}. | |
1934 | |
1935 | |
1936 Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do | |
1937 this, create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by | |
1938 saying @samp{G f /path/file.mbox RET} in | |
1939 Group buffer. You now have read-only access to your | |
1940 mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal | |
1941 Gnus mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've | |
1942 just created by saying @samp{C-u RET} | |
1943 (thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark all | |
1944 messages by saying @samp{M P b} and | |
1945 either copy them to the desired group by saying | |
1946 @samp{B c name.of.group RET} or send them | |
1947 through nnmail-split-methods (respool them) by saying | |
1948 @samp{B r}. | |
1949 | |
1950 @ifnottex | |
1951 @node [6.2], [6.3], [6.1], FAQ 6 - Old messages | |
1952 @end ifnottex | |
1953 @subsubheading Question 6.2: | |
1954 | |
1955 How to archive interesting messages? | |
1956 | |
1957 | |
1958 Answer: | |
1959 | |
1960 If you stumble across an interesting message, say in | |
1961 gnu.emacs.gnus and want to archive it there are several | |
1962 solutions. The first and easiest is to save it to a file | |
1963 by saying @samp{O f}. However, wouldn't | |
1964 it be much more convenient to have more direct access to | |
1965 the archived message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this | |
1966 snippet by Frank Haun <pille3003@@fhaun.de> in | |
1967 ~/.gnus: | |
1968 | |
1969 | |
1970 @example | |
1971 (defun my-archive-article (&optional n) | |
1972 "Copies one or more article(s) to a corresponding `nnml:' group, e.g. | |
1973 `gnus.ding' goes to `nnml:1.gnus.ding'. And `nnml:List-gnus.ding' goes | |
1974 to `nnml:1.List-gnus-ding'. | |
1975 | |
1976 Use process marks or mark a region in the summary buffer to archive | |
1977 more then one article." | |
1978 (interactive "P") | |
1979 (let ((archive-name | |
1980 (format | |
1981 "nnml:1.%s" | |
1982 (if (featurep 'xemacs) | |
1983 (replace-in-string gnus-newsgroup-name "^.*:" "") | |
1984 (replace-regexp-in-string "^.*:" "" gnus-newsgroup-name))))) | |
1985 (gnus-summary-copy-article n archive-name))) | |
1986 @end example | |
1987 | |
1988 @noindent | |
1989 You can now say @samp{M-x | |
1990 my-archive-article} in summary buffer to | |
1991 archive the article under the cursor in a nnml | |
1992 group. (Change nnml to your preferred back end) | |
1993 | |
1994 | |
1995 Of course you can also make sure the cache is enabled by saying | |
1996 | |
1997 | |
1998 @example | |
1999 (setq gnus-use-cache t) | |
2000 @end example | |
2001 | |
2002 @noindent | |
2003 then you only have to set either the tick or the dormant | |
2004 mark for articles you want to keep, setting the read | |
2005 mark will remove them from cache. | |
2006 | |
2007 @ifnottex | |
2008 @node [6.3], [6.4], [6.2], FAQ 6 - Old messages | |
2009 @end ifnottex | |
2010 @subsubheading Question 6.3: | |
2011 | |
2012 How to search for a specific message? | |
2013 | |
2014 | |
2015 Answer: | |
2016 | |
2017 There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from | |
2018 a Usenet group the easiest solution is probably to ask | |
2019 @uref{http://groups.google.com,groups.google.com}, | |
2020 if you found the posting there, tell Google to display | |
2021 the raw message, look for the message-id, and say | |
2022 @samp{M-^ the@@message.id RET} in a | |
2023 summary buffer. | |
2024 Since Gnus 5.10.0 there's also a Gnus interface for | |
2025 groups.google.com which you can call with | |
2026 @samp{G W}) in group buffer. | |
2027 | |
2028 | |
2029 Another idea which works for both mail and news groups | |
2030 is to enter the group where the message you are | |
2031 searching is and use the standard Emacs search | |
2032 @samp{C-s}, it's smart enough to look at | |
2033 articles in collapsed threads, too. If you want to | |
2034 search bodies, too try @samp{M-s} | |
2035 instead. Further on there are the | |
2036 gnus-summary-limit-to-foo functions, which can help you, | |
2037 too. | |
2038 | |
2039 | |
2040 Of course you can also use grep to search through your | |
2041 local mail, but this is both slow for big archives and | |
2042 inconvenient since you are not displaying the found mail | |
2043 in Gnus. Here comes nnir into action. Nnir is a front end | |
2044 to search engines like swish-e or swish++ and | |
2045 others. You index your mail with one of those search | |
2046 engines and with the help of nnir you can search trough | |
2047 the indexed mail and generate a temporary group with all | |
2048 messages which met your search criteria. If this sound | |
2049 cool to you get nnir.el from | |
2050 @uref{ftp://ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/} | |
2051 or @uref{ftp://ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/}. | |
2052 Instructions on how to use it are at the top of the file. | |
2053 | |
2054 @ifnottex | |
2055 @node [6.4], [6.5], [6.3], FAQ 6 - Old messages | |
2056 @end ifnottex | |
2057 @subsubheading Question 6.4: | |
2058 | |
2059 How to get rid of old unwanted mail? | |
2060 | |
2061 | |
2062 Answer: | |
2063 | |
2064 You can of course just mark the mail you don't need | |
2065 anymore by saying @samp{#} with point | |
2066 over the mail and then say @samp{B DEL} | |
2067 to get rid of them forever. You could also instead of | |
2068 actually deleting them, send them to a junk-group by | |
2069 saying @samp{B m nnml:trash-bin} which | |
2070 you clear from time to time, but both are not the intended | |
2071 way in Gnus. | |
2072 | |
2073 | |
2074 In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news | |
2075 server. That means you tell Gnus the message is | |
2076 expirable (you tell Gnus "I don't need this mail | |
2077 anymore") by saying @samp{E} with point | |
2078 over the mail in summary buffer. Now when you leave the | |
2079 group, Gnus looks at all messages which you marked as | |
2080 expirable before and if they are old enough (default is | |
2081 older than a week) they are deleted. | |
2082 | |
2083 @ifnottex | |
2084 @node [6.5], [6.6], [6.4], FAQ 6 - Old messages | |
2085 @end ifnottex | |
2086 @subsubheading Question 6.5: | |
2087 | |
2088 I want that all read messages are expired (at least in | |
2089 some groups). How to do it? | |
2090 | |
2091 | |
2092 Answer: | |
2093 | |
2094 If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g. in | |
2095 mailing lists where there's an online archive), you've | |
2096 got two choices: auto-expire and | |
2097 total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article | |
2098 which has no marks set and is selected for reading is | |
2099 marked as expirable, Gnus hits @samp{E} | |
2100 for you every time you read a message. Total-expire | |
2101 follows a slightly different approach, here all article | |
2102 where the read mark is set are expirable. | |
2103 | |
2104 | |
2105 To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the | |
2106 Group parameters for the group. (Hit @samp{G | |
2107 c} in summary buffer with point over the | |
2108 group to change group parameters). For total-expire add | |
2109 total-expire to the group-parameters. | |
2110 | |
2111 | |
2112 Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste: | |
2113 Auto-expire is faster, but it doesn't play together with | |
2114 Adaptive Scoring, so if you want to use this feature, | |
2115 you should use total-expire. | |
2116 | |
2117 | |
2118 If you want a message to be excluded from expiration in | |
2119 a group where total or auto expire is active, set either | |
2120 tick (hit @samp{u}) or dormant mark (hit | |
2121 @samp{u}), when you use auto-expire, you | |
2122 can also set the read mark (hit | |
2123 @samp{d}). | |
2124 | |
2125 @ifnottex | |
2126 @node [6.6], , [6.5], FAQ 6 - Old messages | |
2127 @end ifnottex | |
2128 @subsubheading Question 6.6: | |
2129 | |
2130 I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them | |
2131 to another group. | |
2132 | |
2133 | |
2134 Answer: | |
2135 | |
2136 Say something like this in ~/.gnus: | |
2137 | |
2138 | |
2139 @example | |
2140 (setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired") | |
2141 @end example | |
2142 | |
2143 @noindent | |
2144 (If you want to change the value of nnmail-expiry-target | |
2145 on a per group basis see the question "How can I disable | |
2146 threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set other | |
2147 variables specific for some groups?") | |
2148 | |
2149 | |
2150 @ifnottex | |
2151 @node FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 6 - Old messages, Frequently Asked Questions | |
2152 @end ifnottex | |
2153 @subsection Gnus in a dial-up environment | |
2154 | |
2155 @menu | |
2156 * [7.1]:: I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I | |
2157 minimize the time I've got to be connected? | |
2158 * [7.2]:: So what was this thing about the Agent? | |
2159 * [7.3]:: I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it? | |
2160 * [7.4]:: How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings while | |
2161 I'm offline? | |
2162 @end menu | |
2163 | |
2164 | |
2165 @ifnottex | |
2166 @node [7.1], [7.2], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment | |
2167 @end ifnottex | |
2168 @subsubheading Question 7.1: | |
2169 | |
2170 I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can | |
2171 I minimize the time I've got to be connected? | |
2172 | |
2173 | |
2174 Answer: | |
2175 | |
2176 You've got basically two options: Either you use the | |
2177 Gnus Agent (see below) for this, or you can install | |
2178 programs which fetch your news and mail to your local | |
2179 disk and Gnus reads the stuff from your local | |
2180 machine. | |
2181 | |
2182 | |
2183 If you want to follow the second approach, you need a | |
2184 program which fetches news and offers them to Gnus, a | |
2185 program which does the same for mail and a program which | |
2186 receives the mail you write from Gnus and sends them | |
2187 when you're online. | |
2188 | |
2189 | |
2190 Let's talk about Unix systems first: For the news part, the easiest | |
2191 solution is a small nntp server like | |
2192 @uref{http://www.leafnode.org/,Leafnode} or | |
2193 @uref{http://infa.abo.fi/~patrik/sn/,sn}, of course you can also | |
2194 install a full featured news server like | |
2195 @uref{http://www.isc.org/products/INN/,inn}. | |
2196 | |
2197 Then you want to fetch your Mail, popular choices are | |
245 @itemize @bullet | 2198 @itemize @bullet |
246 @item | 2199 @item |
247 Q2.1 Custom Edit does not work under XEmacs | 2200 @uref{http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/,fetchmail} and |
248 | |
249 The custom package has not been ported to XEmacs. | |
250 | |
251 | |
252 @item | 2201 @item |
253 Q2.2 How do I quote messages? | 2202 @uref{http://www.qcc.ca/~charlesc/software/getmail-3.0/,getmail}. |
254 | |
255 I see lots of messages with quoted material in them. I am wondering | |
256 how to have Gnus do it for me. | |
257 | |
258 This is Gnus, so there are a number of ways of doing this. You can use | |
259 the built-in commands to do this. There are the @kbd{F} and @kbd{R} | |
260 keys from the summary buffer which automatically include the article | |
261 being responded to. These commands are also selectable as @i{Followup | |
262 and Yank} and @i{Reply and Yank} in the Post menu. | |
263 | |
264 @kbd{C-c C-y} grabs the previous message and prefixes each line with | |
265 @code{ail-indentation-spaces} spaces or @code{mail-yank-prefix} if that is | |
266 non-nil, unless you have set your own @code{mail-citation-hook}, which will | |
267 be called to do the job. | |
268 | |
269 You might also consider the Supercite package, which allows for pretty | |
270 arbitrarily complex quoting styles. Some people love it, some people | |
271 hate it. | |
272 | |
273 | |
274 @item | |
275 Q2.3 How can I keep my nnvirtual:* groups sorted? | |
276 | |
277 How can I most efficiently arrange matters so as to keep my nnvirtual:* | |
278 (etc) groups at the top of my group selection buffer, whilst keeping | |
279 everything sorted in alphabetical order. | |
280 | |
281 If you don't subscribe often to new groups then the easiest way is to | |
282 first sort the groups and then manually kill and yank the virtuals | |
283 wherever you want them. | |
284 | |
285 | |
286 @item | |
287 Q2.4 Any good suggestions on stuff for an all.SCORE file? | |
288 | |
289 Here is a collection of suggestions from the Gnus mailing list. | |
290 | |
291 @enumerate | |
292 @item | |
293 From ``Dave Disser'' <disser@@sdd.hp.com>@* | |
294 I like blasting anything without lowercase letters. Weeds out most of | |
295 the make $$ fast, as well as the lame titles like ``IBM'' and ``HP-UX'' | |
296 with no further description. | |
297 @lisp | |
298 (("Subject" | |
299 ("^\\(Re: \\)?[^a-z]*$" -200 nil R))) | |
300 @end lisp | |
301 | |
302 @item | |
303 From ``Peter Arius'' <arius@@immd2.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>@* | |
304 The most vital entries in my (still young) all.SCORE: | |
305 @lisp | |
306 (("xref" | |
307 ("alt.fan.oj-simpson" -1000 nil s)) | |
308 ("subject" | |
309 (concat "\\<\\(make\\|fast\\|big\\)\\s-*" | |
310 "\\(money\\|cash\\|bucks?\\)\\>" | |
311 -1000 nil r) | |
312 ("$$$$" -1000 nil s))) | |
313 @end lisp | |
314 | |
315 @item | |
316 From ``Per Abrahamsen'' <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk>@* | |
317 @lisp | |
318 (("subject" | |
319 ;; CAPS OF THE WORLD, UNITE | |
320 ("^..[^a-z]+$" -1 nil R) | |
321 ;; $$$ Make Money $$$ (Try work) | |
322 ("$" -1 nil s) | |
323 ;; I'm important! And I have exclamation marks to prove it! | |
324 ("!" -1 nil s))) | |
325 @end lisp | |
326 | |
327 @item | |
328 From ``heddy boubaker'' <boubaker@@cenatls.cena.dgac.fr>@* | |
329 I would like to contribute with mine. | |
330 @lisp | |
331 ( | |
332 (read-only t) | |
333 ("subject" | |
334 ;; ALL CAPS SUBJECTS | |
335 ("^\\([Rr][Ee]: +\\)?[^a-z]+$" -1 nil R) | |
336 ;; $$$ Make Money $$$ | |
337 ("$$" -10 nil s) | |
338 ;; Empty subjects are worthless! | |
339 ("^ *\\([(<]none[>)]\\|(no subject\\( given\\)?)\\)? *$" | |
340 -10 nil r) | |
341 ;; Sometimes interesting announces occur! | |
342 ("ANN?OU?NC\\(E\\|ING\\)" +10 nil r) | |
343 ;; Some people think they're on mailing lists | |
344 ("\\(un\\)?sub?scribe" -100 nil r) | |
345 ;; Stop Micro$oft NOW!! | |
346 ;; ("concat" used to avoid overfull box.) | |
347 (concat "\\(m\\(icro\\)?[s$]\\(oft\\|lot\\)?-?\\)?" | |
348 "wind?\\(ows\\|aube\\|oze\\)?[- ]*" | |
349 "\\('?95\\|NT\\|3[.]1\\|32\\)" -1001 nil r) | |
350 ;; I've nothing to buy | |
351 ("\\(for\\|4\\)[- ]*sale" -100 nil r) | |
352 ;; SELF-DISCIPLINED people | |
353 ("\\[[^a-z0-9 \t\n][^a-z0-9 \t\n]\\]" +100 nil r) | |
354 ) | |
355 ("from" | |
356 ;; To keep track of posters from my site | |
357 (".dgac.fr" +1000 nil s)) | |
358 ("followup" | |
359 ;; Keep track of answers to my posts | |
360 ("boubaker" +1000 nil s)) | |
361 ("lines" | |
362 ;; Some people have really nothing to say!! | |
363 (1 -10 nil <=)) | |
364 (mark -100) | |
365 (expunge -1000) | |
366 ) | |
367 @end lisp | |
368 | |
369 @item | |
370 From ``Christopher Jones'' <cjones@@au.oracle.com>@* | |
371 The sample @file{all.SCORE} files from Per and boubaker could be | |
372 augmented with: | |
373 @lisp | |
374 (("subject" | |
375 ;; No junk mail please! | |
376 ("please ignore" -500 nil s) | |
377 ("test" -500 nil e)) | |
378 ) | |
379 @end lisp | |
380 | |
381 @item | |
382 From ``Brian Edmonds'' <edmonds@@cs.ubc.ca>@* | |
383 Augment any of the above with a fast method of scoring down | |
384 excessively cross posted articles. | |
385 @lisp | |
386 ("xref" | |
387 ;; the more cross posting, the exponentially worse the article | |
388 ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -1 nil r) | |
389 ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -2 nil r) | |
390 ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -4 nil r) | |
391 ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -8 nil r) | |
392 ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" | |
393 -16 nil r) | |
394 (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" | |
395 " \\S-+ \\S-+" | |
396 -32 nil r) | |
397 (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" | |
398 " \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -64 nil r) | |
399 (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" | |
400 " \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -128 nil r) | |
401 (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" | |
402 " \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -256 nil r) | |
403 (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" | |
404 " \\S-+" \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -512 nil r)) | |
405 @end lisp | |
406 | |
407 @end enumerate | |
408 | |
409 | |
410 @item | |
411 Q2.5 What do I use to yank-through when replying? | |
412 | |
413 You should probably reply and followup with @kbd{R} and @kbd{F}, instead | |
414 of @kbd{r} and @kbd{f}, which solves your problem. But you could try | |
415 something like: | |
416 | |
417 @example | |
418 (defconst mail-yank-ignored-headers | |
419 "^.*:" | |
420 "Delete these headers from message when it's inserted in reply.") | |
421 @end example | |
422 | |
423 | |
424 @item | |
425 Q2.6 I don't like the default WWW browser | |
426 | |
427 Now when choosing an URL Gnus starts up a W3 buffer, I would like it | |
428 to always use Netscape (I don't browse in text-mode ;-). | |
429 | |
430 @enumerate | |
431 @item | |
432 Activate `Customize...' from the `Help' menu. | |
433 | |
434 @item | |
435 Scroll down to the `WWW Browser' field. | |
436 | |
437 @item | |
438 Click `mouse-2' on `WWW Browser'. | |
439 | |
440 @item | |
441 Select `Netscape' from the pop up menu. | |
442 | |
443 @item | |
444 Press `C-c C-c' | |
445 | |
446 @end enumerate | |
447 | |
448 If you are using XEmacs then to specify Netscape do | |
449 @lisp | |
450 (setq gnus-button-url 'gnus-netscape-open-url) | |
451 @end lisp | |
452 | |
453 | |
454 @item | |
455 Q2.7 What, if any, relation is between ``ask-server'' and ``(setq | |
456 gnus-read-active-file 'some)''? | |
457 | |
458 In order for Gnus to show you the complete list of newsgroups, it will | |
459 either have to either store the list locally, or ask the server to | |
460 transmit the list. You enable the first with | |
461 | |
462 @lisp | |
463 (setq gnus-save-killed-list t) | |
464 @end lisp | |
465 | |
466 and the second with | |
467 | |
468 @lisp | |
469 (setq gnus-read-active-file t) | |
470 @end lisp | |
471 | |
472 If both are disabled, Gnus will not know what newsgroups exists. There | |
473 is no option to get the list by casting a spell. | |
474 | |
475 | |
476 @item | |
477 Q2.8 Moving between groups is slow. | |
478 | |
479 Per Abrahamsen <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk> writes:@* | |
480 | |
481 Do you call @code{define-key} or something like that in one of the | |
482 summary mode hooks? This would force Emacs to recalculate the keyboard | |
483 shortcuts. Removing the call should speed up @kbd{M-x gnus-summary-mode | |
484 RET} by a couple of orders of magnitude. You can use | |
485 | |
486 @lisp | |
487 (define-key gnus-summary-mode-map KEY COMMAND) | |
488 @end lisp | |
489 | |
490 in your @file{.gnus} instead. | |
491 | |
492 @end itemize | 2203 @end itemize |
493 | 2204 You should tell those to write the mail to your disk and Gnus to read |
494 | 2205 it from there. Last but not least the mail sending part: This can be |
495 @node Reading News FAQ | 2206 done with every MTA like @uref{http://www.sendmail.org/,sendmail}, |
496 @subsection Reading News | 2207 @uref{http://www.qmail.org/,postfix}, @uref{http://www.exim.org/,exim} |
497 | 2208 or @uref{http://www.qmail.org/,qmail}. |
498 @itemize @bullet | 2209 |
499 @item | 2210 |
500 Q3.1 How do I convert my kill files to score files? | 2211 On windows boxes I'd vote for |
501 | 2212 @uref{http://www.tglsoft.de/,Hamster}, |
502 @email{ethanb@@ptolemy.astro.washington.edu, Ethan Bradford} write a | 2213 it's a small freeware, open-source program which fetches |
503 kill-to-score translator. It is available from@* | 2214 your mail and news from remote servers and offers them |
504 @file{http://baugi.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/ding-various/gnus-kill-to-score.el}. | 2215 to Gnus (or any other mail and/or news reader) via nntp |
505 | 2216 respectively POP3 or IMAP. It also includes a smtp |
506 | 2217 server for receiving mails from Gnus. |
507 @item | 2218 |
508 Q3.2 My news server has a lot of groups, and killing groups is painfully | 2219 @ifnottex |
509 slow. | 2220 @node [7.2], [7.3], [7.1], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment |
510 | 2221 @end ifnottex |
511 Don't do that then. The best way to get rid of groups that should be | 2222 @subsubheading Question 7.2: |
512 dead is to edit your newsrc directly. This problem will be addressed | 2223 |
513 in the near future. | 2224 So what was this thing about the Agent? |
514 | 2225 |
515 | 2226 |
516 @item | 2227 Answer: |
517 Q3.3 How do I use an NNTP server with authentication? | 2228 |
518 | 2229 The Gnus agent is part of Gnus, it allows you to fetch |
519 Put the following into your .gnus: | 2230 mail and news and store them on disk for reading them |
520 @lisp | 2231 later when you're offline. It kind of mimics offline |
521 (add-hook 'nntp-server-opened-hook 'nntp-send-authinfo) | 2232 newsreaders like e.g. Forte Agent. If you want to use |
522 @end lisp | 2233 the Agent place the following in ~/.gnus if you are |
523 | 2234 still using 5.8.8 or 5.9 (it's the default since 5.10.0): |
524 | 2235 |
525 @item | 2236 |
526 Q3.4 Not reading the first article. | 2237 @example |
527 | 2238 (setq gnus-agent t) |
528 How do I avoid reading the first article when a group is selected? | 2239 @end example |
529 | 2240 |
530 @enumerate | 2241 |
531 @item | 2242 Now you've got to select the servers whose groups can be |
532 Use @kbd{RET} to select the group instead of @kbd{SPC}. | 2243 stored locally. To do this, open the server buffer |
533 | 2244 (that is press @samp{^} while in the |
534 @item | 2245 group buffer). Now select a server by moving point to |
535 @code{(setq gnus-auto-select first nil)} | 2246 the line naming that server. Finally, agentize the |
536 | 2247 server by typing @samp{J a}. If you |
537 @item | 2248 make a mistake, or change your mind, you can undo this |
538 Luis Fernandes <elf@@mailhost.ee.ryerson.ca>writes:@* | 2249 action by typing @samp{J r}. When |
539 This is what I use...customize as necessary... | 2250 you're done, type 'q' to return to the group buffer. |
540 | 2251 Now the next time you enter a group on a agentized |
541 @lisp | 2252 server, the headers will be stored on disk and read from |
542 ;;; Don't auto-select first article if reading sources, or | 2253 there the next time you enter the group. |
543 ;;; archives or jobs postings, etc. and just display the | 2254 |
544 ;;; summary buffer | 2255 @ifnottex |
545 (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook | 2256 @node [7.3], [7.4], [7.2], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment |
546 (function | 2257 @end ifnottex |
547 (lambda () | 2258 @subsubheading Question 7.3: |
548 (cond ((string-match "sources" gnus-newsgroup-name) | 2259 |
549 (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil)) | 2260 I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it? |
550 ((string-match "jobs" gnus-newsgroup-name) | 2261 |
551 (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil)) | 2262 |
552 ((string-match "comp\\.archives" gnus-newsgroup-name) | 2263 Answer: |
553 (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil)) | 2264 |
554 ((string-match "reviews" gnus-newsgroup-name) | 2265 You can tell the agent to automatically fetch the bodies |
555 (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil)) | 2266 of articles which fulfill certain predicates, this is |
556 ((string-match "announce" gnus-newsgroup-name) | 2267 done in a special buffer which can be reached by |
557 (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil)) | 2268 saying @samp{J c} in group |
558 ((string-match "binaries" gnus-newsgroup-name) | 2269 buffer. Please refer to the documentation for |
559 (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil)) | 2270 information which predicates are possible and how |
560 (t | 2271 exactly to do it. |
561 (setq gnus-auto-select-first t)))))) | 2272 |
562 @end lisp | 2273 |
563 | 2274 Further on you can tell the agent manually which |
564 @item | 2275 articles to store on disk. There are two ways to do |
565 Per Abrahamsen <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk> writes:@* | 2276 this: Number one: In the summary buffer, process mark a |
566 Another possibility is to create an @file{all.binaries.all.SCORE} file | 2277 set of articles that shall be stored in the agent by |
567 like this: | 2278 saying @samp{#} with point over the |
568 | 2279 article and then type @samp{J s}. The |
569 @lisp | 2280 other possibility is to set, again in the summary |
570 ((local | 2281 buffer, downloadable (%) marks for the articles you |
571 (gnus-auto-select-first nil))) | 2282 want by typing @samp{@@} with point over |
572 @end lisp | 2283 the article and then typing @samp{J u}. |
573 | 2284 What's the difference? Well, process marks are erased as |
574 and insert | 2285 soon as you exit the summary buffer while downloadable |
575 @lisp | 2286 marks are permanent. You can actually set downloadable |
576 (setq gnus-auto-select-first t) | 2287 marks in several groups then use fetch session ('J s' in |
577 @end lisp | 2288 the GROUP buffer) to fetch all of those articles. The |
578 | 2289 only downside is that fetch session also fetches all of |
579 in your @file{.gnus}. | 2290 the headers for every selected group on an agentized |
580 | 2291 server. Depending on the volume of headers, the initial |
581 @end enumerate | 2292 fetch session could take hours. |
582 | 2293 |
583 @item | 2294 @ifnottex |
584 Q3.5 Why aren't BBDB known posters marked in the summary buffer? | 2295 @node [7.4], , [7.3], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment |
585 | 2296 @end ifnottex |
586 Brian Edmonds <edmonds@@cs.ubc.ca> writes:@* | 2297 @subsubheading Question 7.4: |
587 Due to changes in Gnus 5.0, @file{bbdb-gnus.el} no longer marks known | 2298 |
588 posters in the summary buffer. An updated version, @file{gnus-bbdb.el} | 2299 How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings |
589 is available at the locations listed below. This package also supports | 2300 while I'm offline? |
590 autofiling of incoming mail to folders specified in the BBDB. Extensive | 2301 |
591 instructions are included as comments in the file. | 2302 |
592 | 2303 Answer: |
593 Send mail to @file{majordomo@@edmonds.home.cs.ubc.ca} with the following | 2304 |
594 line in the body of the message: @emph{get misc gnus-bbdb.el}. | 2305 All you've got to do is to tell Gnus when you are online |
595 | 2306 (plugged) and when you are offline (unplugged), the rest |
596 Or get it from the World Wide Web:@* | 2307 works automatically. You can toggle plugged/unplugged |
597 @file{http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/edmonds/gnus-bbdb.el}. | 2308 state by saying @samp{J j} in group |
598 | 2309 buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say @samp{M-x |
599 @end itemize | 2310 gnus-unplugged} instead of |
600 | 2311 @samp{M-x gnus}. Note that for this to |
601 | 2312 work, the agent must be active. |
602 @node Reading Mail FAQ | 2313 |
603 @subsection Reading Mail | 2314 |
604 | 2315 @ifnottex |
605 @itemize @bullet | 2316 @node FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, Frequently Asked Questions |
606 @item | 2317 @end ifnottex |
607 Q4.1 What does the message ``Buffer has changed on disk'' mean in a mail | 2318 @subsection Getting help |
608 group? | 2319 |
609 | 2320 @menu |
610 Your filter program should not deliver mail directly to your folders, | 2321 * [8.1]:: How to find information and help inside Emacs? |
611 instead it should put the mail into spool files. Gnus will then move | 2322 * [8.2]:: I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X |
612 the mail safely from the spool files into the folders. This will | 2323 (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented? |
613 eliminate the problem. Look it up in the manual, in the section | 2324 * [8.3]:: Which websites should I know? |
614 entitled ``Mail & Procmail''. | 2325 * [8.4]:: Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there? |
615 | 2326 * [8.5]:: Where to report bugs? |
616 | 2327 * [8.6]:: I need real-time help, where to find it? |
617 @item | 2328 @end menu |
618 Q4.2 How do you make articles un-expirable? | 2329 |
619 | 2330 @ifnottex |
620 I am using nnml to read news and have used | 2331 @node [8.1], [8.2], FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 8 - Getting help |
621 @code{gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups} to automagically expire articles | 2332 @end ifnottex |
622 in some groups (Gnus being one of them). Sometimes there are | 2333 @subsubheading Question 8.1: |
623 interesting articles in these groups that I want to keep. Is there any | 2334 |
624 way of explicitly marking an article as un-expirable - that is mark it | 2335 How to find information and help inside Emacs? |
625 as read but not expirable? | 2336 |
626 | 2337 |
627 Use @kbd{u}, @kbd{!}, @kbd{d} or @kbd{M-u} in the summary buffer. You | 2338 Answer: |
628 just remove the @kbd{E} mark by setting some other mark. It's not | 2339 |
629 necessary to tick the articles. | 2340 The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say |
630 | 2341 @samp{C-h i d m Gnus RET} to start the |
631 | 2342 Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a |
632 @item | 2343 full-text search with @samp{s}). Then |
633 Q4.3 How do I delete bogus nnml: groups? | 2344 there are the general Emacs help commands starting with |
634 | 2345 C-h, type @samp{C-h ? ?} to get a list |
635 My problem is that I have various mail (nnml) groups generated while | 2346 of all available help commands and their meaning. Finally |
636 experimenting with Gnus. How do I remove them now? Setting the level to | 2347 @samp{M-x apropos-command} lets you |
637 9 does not help. Also @code{gnus-group-check-bogus-groups} does not | 2348 search through all available functions and @samp{M-x |
638 recognize them. | 2349 apropos} searches the bound variables. |
639 | 2350 |
640 Removing mail groups is tricky at the moment. (It's on the to-do list, | 2351 @ifnottex |
641 though.) You basically have to kill the groups in Gnus, shut down Gnus, | 2352 @node [8.2], [8.3], [8.1], FAQ 8 - Getting help |
642 edit the active file to exclude these groups, and probably remove the | 2353 @end ifnottex |
643 nnml directories that contained these groups as well. Then start Gnus | 2354 @subsubheading Question 8.2: |
644 back up again. | 2355 |
645 | 2356 I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X |
646 | 2357 (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented? |
647 @item | 2358 |
648 Q4.4 What happened to my new mail groups? | 2359 |
649 | 2360 Answer: |
650 I got new mail, but I have | 2361 |
651 never seen the groups they should have been placed in. | 2362 There's not only the Gnus manual but also the manuals |
652 | 2363 for message, emacs-mime, sieve and pgg. Those packages |
653 They are probably there, but as zombies. Press @kbd{A z} to list | 2364 are distributed with Gnus and used by Gnus but aren't |
654 zombie groups, and then subscribe to the groups you want with @kbd{u}. | 2365 really part of core Gnus, so they are documented in |
655 This is all documented quite nicely in the user's manual. | 2366 different info files, you should have a look in those |
656 | 2367 manuals, too. |
657 | 2368 |
658 @item | 2369 @ifnottex |
659 Q4.5 Not scoring mail groups | 2370 @node [8.3], [8.4], [8.2], FAQ 8 - Getting help |
660 | 2371 @end ifnottex |
661 How do you @emph{totally} turn off scoring in mail groups? | 2372 @subsubheading Question 8.3: |
662 | 2373 |
663 Use an nnbabyl:all.SCORE (or nnmh, or nnml, or whatever) file containing: | 2374 Which websites should I know? |
664 | 2375 |
665 @example | 2376 |
666 ((adapt ignore) | 2377 Answer: |
667 (local (gnus-use-scoring nil)) | 2378 |
668 (exclude-files "all.SCORE")) | 2379 The two most important ones are the |
669 @end example | 2380 @uref{http://www.gnus.org,official Gnus website}. |
670 | 2381 and it's sister site |
671 @end itemize | 2382 @uref{http://my.gnus.org,my.gnus.org (MGO)}, |
672 | 2383 hosting an archive of lisp snippets, howtos, a (not |
2384 really finished) tutorial and this FAQ. | |
2385 | |
2386 | |
2387 Tell me about other sites which are interesting. | |
2388 | |
2389 @ifnottex | |
2390 @node [8.4], [8.5], [8.3], FAQ 8 - Getting help | |
2391 @end ifnottex | |
2392 @subsubheading Question 8.4: | |
2393 | |
2394 Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there? | |
2395 | |
2396 | |
2397 Answer: | |
2398 | |
2399 There's the newsgroup gnu.emacs.gnus (pull it from | |
2400 e.g. news.gnus.org) which deals with general questions | |
2401 and the ding mailing list (ding@@gnus.org) dealing with | |
2402 development of Gnus. You can read the ding list via | |
2403 NNTP, too under the name gnus.ding from news.gnus.org. | |
2404 | |
2405 | |
2406 If you want to stay in the big8, | |
2407 news.software.newssreaders is also read by some Gnus | |
2408 users (but chances for qualified help are much better in | |
2409 the above groups) and if you speak German, there's | |
2410 de.comm.software.gnus. | |
2411 | |
2412 @ifnottex | |
2413 @node [8.5], [8.6], [8.4], FAQ 8 - Getting help | |
2414 @end ifnottex | |
2415 @subsubheading Question 8.5: | |
2416 | |
2417 Where to report bugs? | |
2418 | |
2419 | |
2420 Answer: | |
2421 | |
2422 Say @samp{M-x gnus-bug}, this will start a message to the | |
2423 @email{bugs@@gnus.org,gnus bug mailing list} including information | |
2424 about your environment which make it easier to help you. | |
2425 | |
2426 @ifnottex | |
2427 @node [8.6], , [8.5], FAQ 8 - Getting help | |
2428 @end ifnottex | |
2429 @subsubheading Question 8.6: | |
2430 | |
2431 I need real-time help, where to find it? | |
2432 | |
2433 | |
2434 Answer: | |
2435 | |
2436 Point your IRC client to irc.my.gnus.org channel | |
2437 #mygnus. Don't be afraid if people there speak German, | |
2438 they are willing and capable of switching to | |
2439 English when people from outside Germany enter. | |
2440 | |
2441 | |
2442 @ifnottex | |
2443 @node FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ - Glossary, FAQ 8 - Getting help, Frequently Asked Questions | |
2444 @end ifnottex | |
2445 @subsection Tuning Gnus | |
2446 | |
2447 @menu | |
2448 * [9.1]:: Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up? | |
2449 * [9.2]:: How to speed up the process of entering a group? | |
2450 * [9.3]:: Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up? | |
2451 @end menu | |
2452 | |
2453 @ifnottex | |
2454 @node [9.1], [9.2], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus | |
2455 @end ifnottex | |
2456 @subsubheading Question 9.1: | |
2457 | |
2458 Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up? | |
2459 | |
2460 | |
2461 Answer: | |
2462 | |
2463 The reason for this could be the way Gnus reads it's | |
2464 active file, see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus | |
2465 manual for things you might try to speed the process up. | |
2466 An other idea would be to byte compile your ~/.gnus (say | |
2467 @samp{M-x byte-compile-file RET ~/.gnus | |
2468 RET} to do it). Finally, if you have require | |
2469 statements in your .gnus, you could replace them with | |
2470 eval-after-load, which loads the stuff not at startup | |
2471 time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your | |
2472 ~/.gnus: | |
2473 | |
2474 | |
2475 @example | |
2476 (require 'message) | |
2477 (add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)) | |
2478 @end example | |
2479 | |
2480 @noindent | |
2481 then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If | |
2482 you replace it with | |
2483 | |
2484 | |
2485 @example | |
2486 (eval-after-load "message" | |
2487 '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))) | |
2488 @end example | |
2489 | |
2490 @noindent | |
2491 it's loaded when it's needed. | |
2492 | |
2493 @ifnottex | |
2494 @node [9.2], [9.3], [9.1], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus | |
2495 @end ifnottex | |
2496 @subsubheading Question 9.2: | |
2497 | |
2498 How to speed up the process of entering a group? | |
2499 | |
2500 | |
2501 Answer: | |
2502 | |
2503 A speed killer is setting the variable | |
2504 gnus-fetch-old-headers to anything different from nil, | |
2505 so don't do this if speed is an issue. To speed up | |
2506 building of summary say | |
2507 | |
2508 | |
2509 @example | |
2510 (gnus-compile) | |
2511 @end example | |
2512 | |
2513 @noindent | |
2514 at the bottom of your ~/.gnus, this will make gnus | |
2515 byte-compile things like | |
2516 gnus-summary-line-format. | |
2517 then you could increase the value of gc-cons-threshold | |
2518 by saying something like | |
2519 | |
2520 | |
2521 @example | |
2522 (setq gc-cons-threshold 3500000) | |
2523 @end example | |
2524 | |
2525 @noindent | |
2526 in ~/.emacs. If you don't care about width of CJK | |
2527 characters or use Gnus 5.10.0 or younger together with a | |
2528 recent GNU Emacs, you should say | |
2529 | |
2530 | |
2531 @example | |
2532 (setq gnus-use-correct-string-widths nil) | |
2533 @end example | |
2534 | |
2535 | |
2536 @noindent | |
2537 in ~/.gnus (thanks to Jesper harder for the last | |
2538 two suggestions). Finally if you are still using 5.8.8 | |
2539 or 5.9 and experience speed problems with summary | |
2540 buffer generation, you definitely should update to | |
2541 5.10.0 since there quite some work on improving it has | |
2542 been done. | |
2543 | |
2544 @ifnottex | |
2545 @node [9.3], , [9.2], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus | |
2546 @end ifnottex | |
2547 @subsubheading Question 9.3: | |
2548 | |
2549 Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up? | |
2550 | |
2551 | |
2552 Answer: | |
2553 | |
2554 The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the | |
2555 messages you wrote by setting | |
2556 gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml group | |
2557 instead of an archive group, this should bring you back | |
2558 to normal speed. | |
2559 | |
2560 | |
2561 @ifnottex | |
2562 @node FAQ - Glossary, , FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, Frequently Asked Questions | |
2563 @end ifnottex | |
2564 @subsection Glossary | |
2565 | |
2566 @table @dfn | |
2567 | |
2568 @item ~/.gnus | |
2569 When the term ~/.gnus is used it just means your Gnus | |
2570 configuration file. You might as well call it ~/.gnus.el or | |
2571 specify another name. | |
2572 | |
2573 | |
2574 @item Back End | |
2575 In Gnus terminology a back end is a virtual server, a layer | |
2576 between core Gnus and the real NNTP-, POP3-, IMAP- or | |
2577 whatever-server which offers Gnus a standardized interface | |
2578 to functions like "get message", "get Headers" etc. | |
2579 | |
2580 | |
2581 @item Emacs | |
2582 When the term Emacs is used in this FAQ, it means either GNU | |
2583 Emacs or XEmacs. | |
2584 | |
2585 | |
2586 @item Message | |
2587 In this FAQ message means a either a mail or a posting to a | |
2588 Usenet Newsgroup or to some other fancy back end, no matter | |
2589 of which kind it is. | |
2590 | |
2591 | |
2592 @item MUA | |
2593 MUA is an acronym for Mail User Agent, it's the program you | |
2594 use to read and write e-mails. | |
2595 | |
2596 | |
2597 @item NUA | |
2598 NUA is an acronym for News User Agent, it's the program you | |
2599 use to read and write Usenet news. | |
2600 | |
2601 @end table | |
2602 | |
2603 @c @bye | |
673 | 2604 |
674 @ignore | 2605 @ignore |
675 arch-tag: 64dc5692-edb4-4848-a965-7aa0181acbb8 | 2606 arch-tag: 64dc5692-edb4-4848-a965-7aa0181acbb8 |
676 @end ignore | 2607 @end ignore |