Mercurial > emacs
comparison man/emacs.texi @ 56811:694cd033cd0d
Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Rearrange order of nodes and sections such that both "GNU GENERAL
PUBLIC LICENSE" and "GNU Free Documentation License" appear at the
end, as appropriate for appendices.
(Acknowledgments): Use `@unnumberedsec'.
author | Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu> |
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date | Fri, 27 Aug 2004 23:36:38 +0000 |
parents | d03630e16704 |
children | 1003bcb1c7f1 |
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899 different file name syntax; in addition, VMS and MS-DOS do not support | 899 different file name syntax; in addition, VMS and MS-DOS do not support |
900 all GNU Emacs features. We don't try to describe VMS usage in this | 900 all GNU Emacs features. We don't try to describe VMS usage in this |
901 manual. @xref{MS-DOS}, for information about using Emacs on MS-DOS. | 901 manual. @xref{MS-DOS}, for information about using Emacs on MS-DOS. |
902 @end iftex | 902 @end iftex |
903 | 903 |
904 @node Distrib, Copying, Top, Top | 904 @node Distrib, Intro, Top, Top |
905 @unnumbered Distribution | 905 @unnumbered Distribution |
906 | 906 |
907 GNU Emacs is @dfn{free software}; this means that everyone is free to | 907 GNU Emacs is @dfn{free software}; this means that everyone is free to |
908 use it and free to redistribute it on certain conditions. GNU Emacs is | 908 use it and free to redistribute it on certain conditions. GNU Emacs is |
909 not in the public domain; it is copyrighted and there are restrictions | 909 not in the public domain; it is copyrighted and there are restrictions |
954 company policy is unsympathetic to the idea of donating to charity, you | 954 company policy is unsympathetic to the idea of donating to charity, you |
955 might instead suggest ordering a CD-ROM from the Foundation | 955 might instead suggest ordering a CD-ROM from the Foundation |
956 occasionally, or subscribing to periodic updates. | 956 occasionally, or subscribing to periodic updates. |
957 | 957 |
958 @ifnotinfo | 958 @ifnotinfo |
959 @node Acknowledgments, Copying, Distrib, Top | 959 @node Acknowledgments, Intro, Distrib, Top |
960 @section Acknowledgments | 960 @unnumberedsec Acknowledgments |
961 | 961 |
962 Contributors to GNU Emacs include Per Abrahamsen, Jay K. Adams, Joe | 962 Contributors to GNU Emacs include Per Abrahamsen, Jay K. Adams, Joe |
963 Arceneaux, Boaz Ben-Zvi, Jim Blandy, Terrence Brannon, Frank Bresz, | 963 Arceneaux, Boaz Ben-Zvi, Jim Blandy, Terrence Brannon, Frank Bresz, |
964 Peter Breton, Kevin Broadey, Vincent Broman, David M. Brown, Bill | 964 Peter Breton, Kevin Broadey, Vincent Broman, David M. Brown, Bill |
965 Carpenter, Hans Chalupsky, Bob Chassell, James Clark, Mike Clarkson, | 965 Carpenter, Hans Chalupsky, Bob Chassell, James Clark, Mike Clarkson, |
1000 Wilkinson, Mike Williams, Steven A. Wood, Dale R. Worley, Felix | 1000 Wilkinson, Mike Williams, Steven A. Wood, Dale R. Worley, Felix |
1001 S. T. Wu, Tom Wurgler, Eli Zaretskii, Jamie Zawinski, Ian T. Zimmermann, | 1001 S. T. Wu, Tom Wurgler, Eli Zaretskii, Jamie Zawinski, Ian T. Zimmermann, |
1002 Reto Zimmermann, and Neal Ziring. | 1002 Reto Zimmermann, and Neal Ziring. |
1003 @end ifnotinfo | 1003 @end ifnotinfo |
1004 | 1004 |
1005 @node Copying, GNU Free Documentation License, Distrib, Top | 1005 |
1006 @unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE | 1006 @node Intro, Glossary, Distrib, Top |
1007 @center Version 2, June 1991 | |
1008 | |
1009 @display | |
1010 Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
1011 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA | |
1012 | |
1013 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
1014 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
1015 @end display | |
1016 | |
1017 @unnumberedsec Preamble | |
1018 | |
1019 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your | |
1020 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public | |
1021 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free | |
1022 software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This | |
1023 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software | |
1024 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to | |
1025 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by | |
1026 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to | |
1027 your programs, too. | |
1028 | |
1029 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not | |
1030 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you | |
1031 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for | |
1032 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it | |
1033 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it | |
1034 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. | |
1035 | |
1036 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid | |
1037 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. | |
1038 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you | |
1039 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. | |
1040 | |
1041 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether | |
1042 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that | |
1043 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the | |
1044 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their | |
1045 rights. | |
1046 | |
1047 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and | |
1048 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, | |
1049 distribute and/or modify the software. | |
1050 | |
1051 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain | |
1052 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free | |
1053 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we | |
1054 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so | |
1055 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original | |
1056 authors' reputations. | |
1057 | |
1058 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software | |
1059 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free | |
1060 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the | |
1061 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any | |
1062 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. | |
1063 | |
1064 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and | |
1065 modification follow. | |
1066 | |
1067 @iftex | |
1068 @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION | |
1069 @end iftex | |
1070 @ifinfo | |
1071 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION | |
1072 @end ifinfo | |
1073 | |
1074 @enumerate 0 | |
1075 @item | |
1076 This License applies to any program or other work which contains | |
1077 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed | |
1078 under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program,'' below, | |
1079 refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' | |
1080 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: | |
1081 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, | |
1082 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another | |
1083 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in | |
1084 the term ``modification.'') Each licensee is addressed as ``you.'' | |
1085 | |
1086 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not | |
1087 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of | |
1088 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program | |
1089 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the | |
1090 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). | |
1091 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. | |
1092 | |
1093 @item | |
1094 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's | |
1095 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you | |
1096 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate | |
1097 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the | |
1098 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; | |
1099 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License | |
1100 along with the Program. | |
1101 | |
1102 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and | |
1103 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. | |
1104 | |
1105 @item | |
1106 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion | |
1107 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and | |
1108 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 | |
1109 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: | |
1110 | |
1111 @enumerate a | |
1112 @item | |
1113 You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices | |
1114 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. | |
1115 | |
1116 @item | |
1117 You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in | |
1118 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any | |
1119 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third | |
1120 parties under the terms of this License. | |
1121 | |
1122 @item | |
1123 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively | |
1124 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such | |
1125 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an | |
1126 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a | |
1127 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide | |
1128 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under | |
1129 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this | |
1130 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but | |
1131 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on | |
1132 the Program is not required to print an announcement.) | |
1133 @end enumerate | |
1134 | |
1135 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If | |
1136 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, | |
1137 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in | |
1138 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those | |
1139 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you | |
1140 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based | |
1141 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of | |
1142 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the | |
1143 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. | |
1144 | |
1145 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest | |
1146 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to | |
1147 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or | |
1148 collective works based on the Program. | |
1149 | |
1150 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program | |
1151 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of | |
1152 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under | |
1153 the scope of this License. | |
1154 | |
1155 @item | |
1156 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, | |
1157 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of | |
1158 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: | |
1159 | |
1160 @enumerate a | |
1161 @item | |
1162 Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable | |
1163 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections | |
1164 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
1165 | |
1166 @item | |
1167 Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three | |
1168 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your | |
1169 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete | |
1170 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be | |
1171 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium | |
1172 customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
1173 | |
1174 @item | |
1175 Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer | |
1176 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is | |
1177 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you | |
1178 received the program in object code or executable form with such | |
1179 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) | |
1180 @end enumerate | |
1181 | |
1182 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for | |
1183 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source | |
1184 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any | |
1185 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to | |
1186 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a | |
1187 special exception, the source code distributed need not include | |
1188 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary | |
1189 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the | |
1190 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component | |
1191 itself accompanies the executable. | |
1192 | |
1193 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering | |
1194 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent | |
1195 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as | |
1196 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not | |
1197 compelled to copy the source along with the object code. | |
1198 | |
1199 @item | |
1200 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program | |
1201 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt | |
1202 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is | |
1203 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. | |
1204 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under | |
1205 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
1206 parties remain in full compliance. | |
1207 | |
1208 @item | |
1209 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not | |
1210 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or | |
1211 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are | |
1212 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by | |
1213 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the | |
1214 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and | |
1215 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying | |
1216 the Program or works based on it. | |
1217 | |
1218 @item | |
1219 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the | |
1220 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the | |
1221 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to | |
1222 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further | |
1223 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. | |
1224 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to | |
1225 this License. | |
1226 | |
1227 @item | |
1228 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent | |
1229 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), | |
1230 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or | |
1231 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not | |
1232 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot | |
1233 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this | |
1234 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you | |
1235 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent | |
1236 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by | |
1237 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then | |
1238 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to | |
1239 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. | |
1240 | |
1241 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under | |
1242 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to | |
1243 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other | |
1244 circumstances. | |
1245 | |
1246 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any | |
1247 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any | |
1248 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the | |
1249 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is | |
1250 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made | |
1251 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed | |
1252 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that | |
1253 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing | |
1254 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot | |
1255 impose that choice. | |
1256 | |
1257 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to | |
1258 be a consequence of the rest of this License. | |
1259 | |
1260 @item | |
1261 If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in | |
1262 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the | |
1263 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License | |
1264 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding | |
1265 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among | |
1266 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates | |
1267 the limitation as if written in the body of this License. | |
1268 | |
1269 @item | |
1270 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions | |
1271 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will | |
1272 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to | |
1273 address new problems or concerns. | |
1274 | |
1275 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program | |
1276 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any | |
1277 later version,'' you have the option of following the terms and conditions | |
1278 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free | |
1279 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of | |
1280 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software | |
1281 Foundation. | |
1282 | |
1283 @item | |
1284 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free | |
1285 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author | |
1286 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free | |
1287 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes | |
1288 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals | |
1289 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and | |
1290 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. | |
1291 | |
1292 @iftex | |
1293 @heading NO WARRANTY | |
1294 @end iftex | |
1295 @ifinfo | |
1296 @center NO WARRANTY | |
1297 @end ifinfo | |
1298 | |
1299 @item | |
1300 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY | |
1301 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW@. EXCEPT WHEN | |
1302 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES | |
1303 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED | |
1304 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | |
1305 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. THE ENTIRE RISK AS | |
1306 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU@. SHOULD THE | |
1307 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, | |
1308 REPAIR OR CORRECTION. | |
1309 | |
1310 @item | |
1311 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING | |
1312 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR | |
1313 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, | |
1314 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING | |
1315 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED | |
1316 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY | |
1317 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER | |
1318 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE | |
1319 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. | |
1320 @end enumerate | |
1321 | |
1322 @iftex | |
1323 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
1324 @end iftex | |
1325 @ifinfo | |
1326 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
1327 @end ifinfo | |
1328 | |
1329 @page | |
1330 @unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs | |
1331 | |
1332 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest | |
1333 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it | |
1334 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. | |
1335 | |
1336 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest | |
1337 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively | |
1338 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least | |
1339 the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. | |
1340 | |
1341 @smallexample | |
1342 @var{one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.} | |
1343 Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} | |
1344 | |
1345 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | |
1346 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License | |
1347 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 | |
1348 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. | |
1349 | |
1350 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
1351 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
1352 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. See the | |
1353 GNU General Public License for more details. | |
1354 | |
1355 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along | |
1356 with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., | |
1357 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. | |
1358 @end smallexample | |
1359 | |
1360 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. | |
1361 | |
1362 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this | |
1363 when it starts in an interactive mode: | |
1364 | |
1365 @smallexample | |
1366 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 20@var{yy} @var{name of author} | |
1367 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details | |
1368 type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome | |
1369 to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' | |
1370 for details. | |
1371 @end smallexample | |
1372 | |
1373 The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show | |
1374 the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the | |
1375 commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and | |
1376 @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever | |
1377 suits your program. | |
1378 | |
1379 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your | |
1380 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if | |
1381 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: | |
1382 | |
1383 @smallexample | |
1384 @group | |
1385 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright | |
1386 interest in the program `Gnomovision' | |
1387 (which makes passes at compilers) written | |
1388 by James Hacker. | |
1389 | |
1390 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 | |
1391 Ty Coon, President of Vice | |
1392 @end group | |
1393 @end smallexample | |
1394 | |
1395 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into | |
1396 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may | |
1397 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the | |
1398 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General | |
1399 Public License instead of this License. | |
1400 | |
1401 @include doclicense.texi | |
1402 | |
1403 @node Intro, Glossary, GNU Free Documentation License, Top | |
1404 @unnumbered Introduction | 1007 @unnumbered Introduction |
1405 | 1008 |
1406 You are reading about GNU Emacs, the GNU incarnation of the advanced, | 1009 You are reading about GNU Emacs, the GNU incarnation of the advanced, |
1407 self-documenting, customizable, extensible real-time display editor Emacs. | 1010 self-documenting, customizable, extensible real-time display editor Emacs. |
1408 (The `G' in `GNU' is not silent.) | 1011 (The `G' in `GNU' is not silent.) |
1489 @include dired.texi | 1092 @include dired.texi |
1490 @include calendar.texi | 1093 @include calendar.texi |
1491 @include misc.texi | 1094 @include misc.texi |
1492 @include custom.texi | 1095 @include custom.texi |
1493 @include trouble.texi | 1096 @include trouble.texi |
1097 | |
1098 @node Copying, GNU Free Documentation License, Service, Top | |
1099 @appendix GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE | |
1100 @center Version 2, June 1991 | |
1101 | |
1102 @display | |
1103 Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
1104 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA | |
1105 | |
1106 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
1107 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
1108 @end display | |
1109 | |
1110 @unnumberedsec Preamble | |
1111 | |
1112 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your | |
1113 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public | |
1114 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free | |
1115 software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This | |
1116 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software | |
1117 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to | |
1118 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by | |
1119 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to | |
1120 your programs, too. | |
1121 | |
1122 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not | |
1123 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you | |
1124 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for | |
1125 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it | |
1126 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it | |
1127 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. | |
1128 | |
1129 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid | |
1130 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. | |
1131 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you | |
1132 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. | |
1133 | |
1134 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether | |
1135 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that | |
1136 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the | |
1137 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their | |
1138 rights. | |
1139 | |
1140 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and | |
1141 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, | |
1142 distribute and/or modify the software. | |
1143 | |
1144 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain | |
1145 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free | |
1146 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we | |
1147 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so | |
1148 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original | |
1149 authors' reputations. | |
1150 | |
1151 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software | |
1152 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free | |
1153 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the | |
1154 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any | |
1155 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. | |
1156 | |
1157 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and | |
1158 modification follow. | |
1159 | |
1160 @iftex | |
1161 @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION | |
1162 @end iftex | |
1163 @ifinfo | |
1164 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION | |
1165 @end ifinfo | |
1166 | |
1167 @enumerate 0 | |
1168 @item | |
1169 This License applies to any program or other work which contains | |
1170 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed | |
1171 under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program,'' below, | |
1172 refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' | |
1173 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: | |
1174 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, | |
1175 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another | |
1176 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in | |
1177 the term ``modification.'') Each licensee is addressed as ``you.'' | |
1178 | |
1179 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not | |
1180 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of | |
1181 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program | |
1182 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the | |
1183 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). | |
1184 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. | |
1185 | |
1186 @item | |
1187 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's | |
1188 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you | |
1189 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate | |
1190 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the | |
1191 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; | |
1192 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License | |
1193 along with the Program. | |
1194 | |
1195 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and | |
1196 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. | |
1197 | |
1198 @item | |
1199 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion | |
1200 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and | |
1201 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 | |
1202 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: | |
1203 | |
1204 @enumerate a | |
1205 @item | |
1206 You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices | |
1207 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. | |
1208 | |
1209 @item | |
1210 You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in | |
1211 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any | |
1212 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third | |
1213 parties under the terms of this License. | |
1214 | |
1215 @item | |
1216 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively | |
1217 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such | |
1218 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an | |
1219 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a | |
1220 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide | |
1221 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under | |
1222 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this | |
1223 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but | |
1224 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on | |
1225 the Program is not required to print an announcement.) | |
1226 @end enumerate | |
1227 | |
1228 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If | |
1229 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, | |
1230 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in | |
1231 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those | |
1232 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you | |
1233 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based | |
1234 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of | |
1235 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the | |
1236 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. | |
1237 | |
1238 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest | |
1239 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to | |
1240 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or | |
1241 collective works based on the Program. | |
1242 | |
1243 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program | |
1244 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of | |
1245 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under | |
1246 the scope of this License. | |
1247 | |
1248 @item | |
1249 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, | |
1250 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of | |
1251 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: | |
1252 | |
1253 @enumerate a | |
1254 @item | |
1255 Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable | |
1256 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections | |
1257 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
1258 | |
1259 @item | |
1260 Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three | |
1261 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your | |
1262 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete | |
1263 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be | |
1264 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium | |
1265 customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
1266 | |
1267 @item | |
1268 Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer | |
1269 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is | |
1270 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you | |
1271 received the program in object code or executable form with such | |
1272 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) | |
1273 @end enumerate | |
1274 | |
1275 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for | |
1276 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source | |
1277 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any | |
1278 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to | |
1279 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a | |
1280 special exception, the source code distributed need not include | |
1281 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary | |
1282 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the | |
1283 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component | |
1284 itself accompanies the executable. | |
1285 | |
1286 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering | |
1287 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent | |
1288 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as | |
1289 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not | |
1290 compelled to copy the source along with the object code. | |
1291 | |
1292 @item | |
1293 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program | |
1294 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt | |
1295 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is | |
1296 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. | |
1297 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under | |
1298 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
1299 parties remain in full compliance. | |
1300 | |
1301 @item | |
1302 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not | |
1303 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or | |
1304 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are | |
1305 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by | |
1306 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the | |
1307 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and | |
1308 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying | |
1309 the Program or works based on it. | |
1310 | |
1311 @item | |
1312 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the | |
1313 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the | |
1314 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to | |
1315 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further | |
1316 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. | |
1317 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to | |
1318 this License. | |
1319 | |
1320 @item | |
1321 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent | |
1322 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), | |
1323 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or | |
1324 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not | |
1325 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot | |
1326 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this | |
1327 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you | |
1328 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent | |
1329 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by | |
1330 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then | |
1331 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to | |
1332 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. | |
1333 | |
1334 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under | |
1335 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to | |
1336 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other | |
1337 circumstances. | |
1338 | |
1339 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any | |
1340 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any | |
1341 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the | |
1342 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is | |
1343 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made | |
1344 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed | |
1345 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that | |
1346 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing | |
1347 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot | |
1348 impose that choice. | |
1349 | |
1350 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to | |
1351 be a consequence of the rest of this License. | |
1352 | |
1353 @item | |
1354 If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in | |
1355 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the | |
1356 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License | |
1357 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding | |
1358 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among | |
1359 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates | |
1360 the limitation as if written in the body of this License. | |
1361 | |
1362 @item | |
1363 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions | |
1364 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will | |
1365 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to | |
1366 address new problems or concerns. | |
1367 | |
1368 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program | |
1369 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any | |
1370 later version,'' you have the option of following the terms and conditions | |
1371 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free | |
1372 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of | |
1373 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software | |
1374 Foundation. | |
1375 | |
1376 @item | |
1377 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free | |
1378 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author | |
1379 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free | |
1380 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes | |
1381 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals | |
1382 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and | |
1383 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. | |
1384 | |
1385 @iftex | |
1386 @heading NO WARRANTY | |
1387 @end iftex | |
1388 @ifinfo | |
1389 @center NO WARRANTY | |
1390 @end ifinfo | |
1391 | |
1392 @item | |
1393 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY | |
1394 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW@. EXCEPT WHEN | |
1395 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES | |
1396 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED | |
1397 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | |
1398 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. THE ENTIRE RISK AS | |
1399 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU@. SHOULD THE | |
1400 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, | |
1401 REPAIR OR CORRECTION. | |
1402 | |
1403 @item | |
1404 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING | |
1405 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR | |
1406 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, | |
1407 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING | |
1408 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED | |
1409 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY | |
1410 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER | |
1411 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE | |
1412 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. | |
1413 @end enumerate | |
1414 | |
1415 @iftex | |
1416 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
1417 @end iftex | |
1418 @ifinfo | |
1419 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | |
1420 @end ifinfo | |
1421 | |
1422 @page | |
1423 @unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs | |
1424 | |
1425 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest | |
1426 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it | |
1427 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. | |
1428 | |
1429 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest | |
1430 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively | |
1431 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least | |
1432 the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. | |
1433 | |
1434 @smallexample | |
1435 @var{one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.} | |
1436 Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} | |
1437 | |
1438 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | |
1439 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License | |
1440 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 | |
1441 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. | |
1442 | |
1443 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
1444 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
1445 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. See the | |
1446 GNU General Public License for more details. | |
1447 | |
1448 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along | |
1449 with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., | |
1450 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. | |
1451 @end smallexample | |
1452 | |
1453 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. | |
1454 | |
1455 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this | |
1456 when it starts in an interactive mode: | |
1457 | |
1458 @smallexample | |
1459 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 20@var{yy} @var{name of author} | |
1460 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details | |
1461 type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome | |
1462 to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' | |
1463 for details. | |
1464 @end smallexample | |
1465 | |
1466 The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show | |
1467 the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the | |
1468 commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and | |
1469 @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever | |
1470 suits your program. | |
1471 | |
1472 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your | |
1473 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if | |
1474 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: | |
1475 | |
1476 @smallexample | |
1477 @group | |
1478 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright | |
1479 interest in the program `Gnomovision' | |
1480 (which makes passes at compilers) written | |
1481 by James Hacker. | |
1482 | |
1483 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 | |
1484 Ty Coon, President of Vice | |
1485 @end group | |
1486 @end smallexample | |
1487 | |
1488 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into | |
1489 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may | |
1490 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the | |
1491 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General | |
1492 Public License instead of this License. | |
1493 | |
1494 @include doclicense.texi | |
1494 @include cmdargs.texi | 1495 @include cmdargs.texi |
1495 @include xresources.texi | 1496 @include xresources.texi |
1496 | 1497 |
1497 @include anti.texi | 1498 @include anti.texi |
1498 @include macos.texi | 1499 @include macos.texi |