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comparison etc/NEWS @ 30922:6c3081f54e62
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author | Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org> |
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date | Thu, 17 Aug 2000 15:38:59 +0000 |
parents | 3be7720ce052 |
children | ac1cc84d89c9 |
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1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 2000-08-14 | 1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 2000-08-14 |
2 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | 2 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
3 See the end for copying conditions. | 3 See the end for copying conditions. |
4 | 4 |
5 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org. | 5 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org. |
6 For older news, see the file NEWS.1. | 6 For older news, see the file ONEWS |
7 | 7 |
8 | 8 |
9 * Installation Changes in Emacs 21.1 | 9 * Installation Changes in Emacs 21.1 |
10 | 10 |
11 ** Support for GNU/Linux on IA64 machines has been added. | 11 ** Support for GNU/Linux on IA64 machines has been added. |
3454 to a solid box, as it does on Unix. The `cursor-type' frame parameter | 3454 to a solid box, as it does on Unix. The `cursor-type' frame parameter |
3455 overrides this as it does on Unix, except that the bar cursor is | 3455 overrides this as it does on Unix, except that the bar cursor is |
3456 horizontal rather than vertical (since the MS-DOS display doesn't | 3456 horizontal rather than vertical (since the MS-DOS display doesn't |
3457 support a vertical-bar cursor). | 3457 support a vertical-bar cursor). |
3458 | 3458 |
3459 | |
3460 ^L | |
3461 * Emacs 20.7 is a bug-fix release with few user-visible changes | |
3462 | |
3463 ** It is now possible to use CCL-based coding systems for keyboard | |
3464 input. | |
3465 | |
3466 ** ange-ftp now handles FTP security extensions, like Kerberos. | |
3467 | |
3468 ** Rmail has been extended to recognize more forms of digest messages. | |
3469 | |
3470 ** Now, most coding systems set in keyboard coding system work not | |
3471 only for character input, but also in incremental search. The | |
3472 exceptions are such coding systems that handle 2-byte character sets | |
3473 (e.g euc-kr, euc-jp) and that use ISO's escape sequence | |
3474 (e.g. iso-2022-jp). They are ignored in incremental search. | |
3475 | |
3476 ** Support for Macintosh PowerPC-based machines running GNU/Linux has | |
3477 been added. | |
3478 | |
3479 ^L | |
3480 * Emacs 20.6 is a bug-fix release with one user-visible change | |
3481 | |
3482 ** Support for ARM-based non-RISCiX machines has been added. | |
3483 | |
3484 ^L | |
3485 * Emacs 20.5 is a bug-fix release with no user-visible changes. | |
3486 | |
3487 ** Not new, but not mentioned before: | |
3488 M-w when Transient Mark mode is enabled disables the mark. | |
3459 | 3489 |
3460 * For older news, see the file NEWS.1. | 3490 * Changes in Emacs 20.4 |
3491 | |
3492 ** Init file may be called .emacs.el. | |
3493 | |
3494 You can now call the Emacs init file `.emacs.el'. | |
3495 Formerly the name had to be `.emacs'. If you use the name | |
3496 `.emacs.el', you can byte-compile the file in the usual way. | |
3497 | |
3498 If both `.emacs' and `.emacs.el' exist, the latter file | |
3499 is the one that is used. | |
3500 | |
3501 ** shell-command, and shell-command-on-region, now return | |
3502 the exit code of the command (unless it is asynchronous). | |
3503 Also, you can specify a place to put the error output, | |
3504 separate from the command's regular output. | |
3505 Interactively, the variable shell-command-default-error-buffer | |
3506 says where to put error output; set it to a buffer name. | |
3507 In calls from Lisp, an optional argument ERROR-BUFFER specifies | |
3508 the buffer name. | |
3509 | |
3510 When you specify a non-nil error buffer (or buffer name), any error | |
3511 output is inserted before point in that buffer, with \f\n to separate | |
3512 it from the previous batch of error output. The error buffer is not | |
3513 cleared, so error output from successive commands accumulates there. | |
3514 | |
3515 ** Setting the default value of enable-multibyte-characters to nil in | |
3516 the .emacs file, either explicitly using setq-default, or via Custom, | |
3517 is now essentially equivalent to using --unibyte: all buffers | |
3518 created during startup will be made unibyte after loading .emacs. | |
3519 | |
3520 ** C-x C-f now handles the wildcards * and ? in file names. For | |
3521 example, typing C-x C-f c*.c RET visits all the files whose names | |
3522 match c*.c. To visit a file whose name contains * or ?, add the | |
3523 quoting sequence /: to the beginning of the file name. | |
3524 | |
3525 ** The M-x commands keep-lines, flush-lines and count-matches | |
3526 now have the same feature as occur and query-replace: | |
3527 if the pattern contains any upper case letters, then | |
3528 they never ignore case. | |
3529 | |
3530 ** The end-of-line format conversion feature previously mentioned | |
3531 under `* Emacs 20.1 changes for MS-DOS and MS-Windows' actually | |
3532 applies to all operating systems. Emacs recognizes from the contents | |
3533 of a file what convention it uses to separate lines--newline, CRLF, or | |
3534 just CR--and automatically converts the contents to the normal Emacs | |
3535 convention (using newline to separate lines) for editing. This is a | |
3536 part of the general feature of coding system conversion. | |
3537 | |
3538 If you subsequently save the buffer, Emacs converts the text back to | |
3539 the same format that was used in the file before. | |
3540 | |
3541 You can turn off end-of-line conversion by setting the variable | |
3542 `inhibit-eol-conversion' to non-nil, e.g. with Custom in the MULE group. | |
3543 | |
3544 ** The character set property `prefered-coding-system' has been | |
3545 renamed to `preferred-coding-system', for the sake of correct spelling. | |
3546 This is a fairly internal feature, so few programs should be affected. | |
3547 | |
3548 ** Mode-line display of end-of-line format is changed. | |
3549 The indication of the end-of-line format of the file visited by a | |
3550 buffer is now more explicit when that format is not the usual one for | |
3551 your operating system. For example, the DOS-style end-of-line format | |
3552 is displayed as "(DOS)" on Unix and GNU/Linux systems. The usual | |
3553 end-of-line format is still displayed as a single character (colon for | |
3554 Unix, backslash for DOS and Windows, and forward slash for the Mac). | |
3555 | |
3556 The values of the variables eol-mnemonic-unix, eol-mnemonic-dos, | |
3557 eol-mnemonic-mac, and eol-mnemonic-undecided, which are strings, | |
3558 control what is displayed in the mode line for each end-of-line | |
3559 format. You can now customize these variables. | |
3560 | |
3561 ** In the previous version of Emacs, tar-mode didn't work well if a | |
3562 filename contained non-ASCII characters. Now this is fixed. Such a | |
3563 filename is decoded by file-name-coding-system if the default value of | |
3564 enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil. | |
3565 | |
3566 ** The command temp-buffer-resize-mode toggles a minor mode | |
3567 in which temporary buffers (such as help buffers) are given | |
3568 windows just big enough to hold the whole contents. | |
3569 | |
3570 ** If you use completion.el, you must now run the function | |
3571 dynamic-completion-mode to enable it. Just loading the file | |
3572 doesn't have any effect. | |
3573 | |
3574 ** In Flyspell mode, the default is now to make just one Ispell process, | |
3575 not one per buffer. | |
3576 | |
3577 ** If you use iswitchb but do not call (iswitchb-default-keybindings) to | |
3578 use the default keybindings, you will need to add the following line: | |
3579 (add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'iswitchb-minibuffer-setup) | |
3580 | |
3581 ** Auto-show mode is no longer enabled just by loading auto-show.el. | |
3582 To control it, set `auto-show-mode' via Custom or use the | |
3583 `auto-show-mode' command. | |
3584 | |
3585 ** Handling of X fonts' ascent/descent parameters has been changed to | |
3586 avoid redisplay problems. As a consequence, compared with previous | |
3587 versions the line spacing and frame size now differ with some font | |
3588 choices, typically increasing by a pixel per line. This change | |
3589 occurred in version 20.3 but was not documented then. | |
3590 | |
3591 ** If you select the bar cursor style, it uses the frame's | |
3592 cursor-color, rather than the cursor foreground pixel. | |
3593 | |
3594 ** In multibyte mode, Rmail decodes incoming MIME messages using the | |
3595 character set specified in the message. If you want to disable this | |
3596 feature, set the variable rmail-decode-mime-charset to nil. | |
3597 | |
3598 ** Not new, but not mentioned previously in NEWS: when you use #! at | |
3599 the beginning of a file to make it executable and specify an | |
3600 interpreter program, Emacs looks on the second line for the -*- mode | |
3601 and variable specification, as well as on the first line. | |
3602 | |
3603 ** Support for IBM codepage encoding of non-ASCII characters. | |
3604 | |
3605 The new command M-x codepage-setup creates a special coding system | |
3606 that can be used to convert text between a specific IBM codepage and | |
3607 one of the character sets built into Emacs which matches that | |
3608 codepage. For example, codepage 850 corresponds to Latin-1 character | |
3609 set, codepage 855 corresponds to Cyrillic-ISO character set, etc. | |
3610 | |
3611 Windows codepages 1250, 1251 and some others, where Windows deviates | |
3612 from the corresponding ISO character set, are also supported. | |
3613 | |
3614 IBM box-drawing characters and other glyphs which don't have | |
3615 equivalents in the corresponding ISO character set, are converted to | |
3616 a character defined by dos-unsupported-char-glyph on MS-DOS, and to | |
3617 `?' on other systems. | |
3618 | |
3619 IBM codepages are widely used on MS-DOS and MS-Windows, so this | |
3620 feature is most useful on those platforms, but it can also be used on | |
3621 Unix. | |
3622 | |
3623 Emacs compiled for MS-DOS automatically loads the support for the | |
3624 current codepage when it starts. | |
3625 | |
3626 ** Mail changes | |
3627 | |
3628 *** When mail is sent using compose-mail (C-x m), and if | |
3629 `mail-send-nonascii' is set to the new default value `mime', | |
3630 appropriate MIME headers are added. The headers are added only if | |
3631 non-ASCII characters are present in the body of the mail, and no other | |
3632 MIME headers are already present. For example, the following three | |
3633 headers are added if the coding system used in the *mail* buffer is | |
3634 latin-1: | |
3635 | |
3636 MIME-version: 1.0 | |
3637 Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 | |
3638 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit | |
3639 | |
3640 *** The new variable default-sendmail-coding-system specifies the | |
3641 default way to encode outgoing mail. This has higher priority than | |
3642 default-buffer-file-coding-system but has lower priority than | |
3643 sendmail-coding-system and the local value of | |
3644 buffer-file-coding-system. | |
3645 | |
3646 You should not set this variable manually. Instead, set | |
3647 sendmail-coding-system to specify a fixed encoding for all outgoing | |
3648 mail. | |
3649 | |
3650 *** When you try to send a message that contains non-ASCII characters, | |
3651 if the coding system specified by those variables doesn't handle them, | |
3652 Emacs will ask you to select a suitable coding system while showing a | |
3653 list of possible coding systems. | |
3654 | |
3655 ** CC Mode changes | |
3656 | |
3657 *** c-default-style can now take an association list that maps major | |
3658 modes to style names. When this variable is an alist, Java mode no | |
3659 longer hardcodes a setting to "java" style. See the variable's | |
3660 docstring for details. | |
3661 | |
3662 *** It's now possible to put a list as the offset on a syntactic | |
3663 symbol. The list is evaluated recursively until a non-nil offset is | |
3664 found. This is useful to combine several lineup functions to act in a | |
3665 prioritized order on a single line. However, none of the supplied | |
3666 lineup functions use this feature currently. | |
3667 | |
3668 *** New syntactic symbol catch-clause, which is used on the "catch" and | |
3669 "finally" lines in try-catch constructs in C++ and Java. | |
3670 | |
3671 *** New cleanup brace-catch-brace on c-cleanup-list, which does for | |
3672 "catch" lines what brace-elseif-brace does for "else if" lines. | |
3673 | |
3674 *** The braces of Java anonymous inner classes are treated separately | |
3675 from the braces of other classes in auto-newline mode. Two new | |
3676 symbols inexpr-class-open and inexpr-class-close may be used on | |
3677 c-hanging-braces-alist to control the automatic newlines used for | |
3678 anonymous classes. | |
3679 | |
3680 *** Support for the Pike language added, along with new Pike specific | |
3681 syntactic symbols: inlambda, lambda-intro-cont | |
3682 | |
3683 *** Support for Java anonymous classes via new syntactic symbol | |
3684 inexpr-class. New syntactic symbol inexpr-statement for Pike | |
3685 support and gcc-style statements inside expressions. New lineup | |
3686 function c-lineup-inexpr-block. | |
3687 | |
3688 *** New syntactic symbol brace-entry-open which is used in brace lists | |
3689 (i.e. static initializers) when a list entry starts with an open | |
3690 brace. These used to be recognized as brace-list-entry's. | |
3691 c-electric-brace also recognizes brace-entry-open braces | |
3692 (brace-list-entry's can no longer be electrified). | |
3693 | |
3694 *** New command c-indent-line-or-region, not bound by default. | |
3695 | |
3696 *** `#' is only electric when typed in the indentation of a line. | |
3697 | |
3698 *** Parentheses are now electric (via the new command c-electric-paren) | |
3699 for auto-reindenting lines when parens are typed. | |
3700 | |
3701 *** In "gnu" style, inline-open offset is now set to zero. | |
3702 | |
3703 *** Uniform handling of the inclass syntactic symbol. The indentation | |
3704 associated with it is now always relative to the class opening brace. | |
3705 This means that the indentation behavior has changed in some | |
3706 circumstances, but only if you've put anything besides 0 on the | |
3707 class-open syntactic symbol (none of the default styles do that). | |
3708 | |
3709 ** Gnus changes. | |
3710 | |
3711 *** New functionality for using Gnus as an offline newsreader has been | |
3712 added. A plethora of new commands and modes have been added. See the | |
3713 Gnus manual for the full story. | |
3714 | |
3715 *** The nndraft backend has returned, but works differently than | |
3716 before. All Message buffers are now also articles in the nndraft | |
3717 group, which is created automatically. | |
3718 | |
3719 *** `gnus-alter-header-function' can now be used to alter header | |
3720 values. | |
3721 | |
3722 *** `gnus-summary-goto-article' now accept Message-ID's. | |
3723 | |
3724 *** A new Message command for deleting text in the body of a message | |
3725 outside the region: `C-c C-v'. | |
3726 | |
3727 *** You can now post to component group in nnvirtual groups with | |
3728 `C-u C-c C-c'. | |
3729 | |
3730 *** `nntp-rlogin-program' -- new variable to ease customization. | |
3731 | |
3732 *** `C-u C-c C-c' in `gnus-article-edit-mode' will now inhibit | |
3733 re-highlighting of the article buffer. | |
3734 | |
3735 *** New element in `gnus-boring-article-headers' -- `long-to'. | |
3736 | |
3737 *** `M-i' symbolic prefix command. See the section "Symbolic | |
3738 Prefixes" in the Gnus manual for details. | |
3739 | |
3740 *** `L' and `I' in the summary buffer now take the symbolic prefix | |
3741 `a' to add the score rule to the "all.SCORE" file. | |
3742 | |
3743 *** `gnus-simplify-subject-functions' variable to allow greater | |
3744 control over simplification. | |
3745 | |
3746 *** `A T' -- new command for fetching the current thread. | |
3747 | |
3748 *** `/ T' -- new command for including the current thread in the | |
3749 limit. | |
3750 | |
3751 *** `M-RET' is a new Message command for breaking cited text. | |
3752 | |
3753 *** \\1-expressions are now valid in `nnmail-split-methods'. | |
3754 | |
3755 *** The `custom-face-lookup' function has been removed. | |
3756 If you used this function in your initialization files, you must | |
3757 rewrite them to use `face-spec-set' instead. | |
3758 | |
3759 *** Cancelling now uses the current select method. Symbolic prefix | |
3760 `a' forces normal posting method. | |
3761 | |
3762 *** New command to translate M******** sm*rtq**t*s into proper text | |
3763 -- `W d'. | |
3764 | |
3765 *** For easier debugging of nntp, you can set `nntp-record-commands' | |
3766 to a non-nil value. | |
3767 | |
3768 *** nntp now uses ~/.authinfo, a .netrc-like file, for controlling | |
3769 where and how to send AUTHINFO to NNTP servers. | |
3770 | |
3771 *** A command for editing group parameters from the summary buffer | |
3772 has been added. | |
3773 | |
3774 *** A history of where mails have been split is available. | |
3775 | |
3776 *** A new article date command has been added -- `article-date-iso8601'. | |
3777 | |
3778 *** Subjects can be simplified when threading by setting | |
3779 `gnus-score-thread-simplify'. | |
3780 | |
3781 *** A new function for citing in Message has been added -- | |
3782 `message-cite-original-without-signature'. | |
3783 | |
3784 *** `article-strip-all-blank-lines' -- new article command. | |
3785 | |
3786 *** A new Message command to kill to the end of the article has | |
3787 been added. | |
3788 | |
3789 *** A minimum adaptive score can be specified by using the | |
3790 `gnus-adaptive-word-minimum' variable. | |
3791 | |
3792 *** The "lapsed date" article header can be kept continually | |
3793 updated by the `gnus-start-date-timer' command. | |
3794 | |
3795 *** Web listserv archives can be read with the nnlistserv backend. | |
3796 | |
3797 *** Old dejanews archives can now be read by nnweb. | |
3798 | |
3799 *** `gnus-posting-styles' has been re-activated. | |
3800 | |
3801 ** Changes to TeX and LaTeX mode | |
3802 | |
3803 *** The new variable `tex-start-options-string' can be used to give | |
3804 options for the TeX run. The default value causes TeX to run in | |
3805 nonstopmode. For an interactive TeX run set it to nil or "". | |
3806 | |
3807 *** The command `tex-feed-input' sends input to the Tex Shell. In a | |
3808 TeX buffer it is bound to the keys C-RET, C-c RET, and C-c C-m (some | |
3809 of these keys may not work on all systems). For instance, if you run | |
3810 TeX interactively and if the TeX run stops because of an error, you | |
3811 can continue it without leaving the TeX buffer by typing C-RET. | |
3812 | |
3813 *** The Tex Shell Buffer is now in `compilation-shell-minor-mode'. | |
3814 All error-parsing commands of the Compilation major mode are available | |
3815 but bound to keys that don't collide with the shell. Thus you can use | |
3816 the Tex Shell for command line executions like a usual shell. | |
3817 | |
3818 *** The commands `tex-validate-region' and `tex-validate-buffer' check | |
3819 the matching of braces and $'s. The errors are listed in a *Occur* | |
3820 buffer and you can use C-c C-c or mouse-2 to go to a particular | |
3821 mismatch. | |
3822 | |
3823 ** Changes to RefTeX mode | |
3824 | |
3825 *** The table of contents buffer can now also display labels and | |
3826 file boundaries in addition to sections. Use `l', `i', and `c' keys. | |
3827 | |
3828 *** Labels derived from context (the section heading) are now | |
3829 lowercase by default. To make the label legal in LaTeX, latin-1 | |
3830 characters will lose their accent. All Mule characters will be | |
3831 removed from the label. | |
3832 | |
3833 *** The automatic display of cross reference information can also use | |
3834 a window instead of the echo area. See variable `reftex-auto-view-crossref'. | |
3835 | |
3836 *** kpsewhich can be used by RefTeX to find TeX and BibTeX files. See the | |
3837 customization group `reftex-finding-files'. | |
3838 | |
3839 *** The option `reftex-bibfile-ignore-list' has been renamed to | |
3840 `reftex-bibfile-ignore-regexps' and indeed can be fed with regular | |
3841 expressions. | |
3842 | |
3843 *** Multiple Selection buffers are now hidden buffers. | |
3844 | |
3845 ** New/deleted modes and packages | |
3846 | |
3847 *** The package snmp-mode.el provides major modes for editing SNMP and | |
3848 SNMPv2 MIBs. It has entries on `auto-mode-alist'. | |
3849 | |
3850 *** The package sql.el provides a major mode, M-x sql-mode, for | |
3851 editing SQL files, and M-x sql-interactive-mode for interacting with | |
3852 SQL interpreters. It has an entry on `auto-mode-alist'. | |
3853 | |
3854 *** M-x highlight-changes-mode provides a minor mode displaying buffer | |
3855 changes with a special face. | |
3856 | |
3857 *** ispell4.el has been deleted. It got in the way of ispell.el and | |
3858 this was hard to fix reliably. It has long been obsolete -- use | |
3859 Ispell 3.1 and ispell.el. | |
3860 | |
3861 * MS-DOS changes in Emacs 20.4 | |
3862 | |
3863 ** Emacs compiled for MS-DOS now supports MULE features better. | |
3864 This includes support for display of all ISO 8859-N character sets, | |
3865 conversion to and from IBM codepage encoding of non-ASCII characters, | |
3866 and automatic setup of the MULE environment at startup. For details, | |
3867 check out the section `MS-DOS and MULE' in the manual. | |
3868 | |
3869 The MS-DOS installation procedure automatically configures and builds | |
3870 Emacs with input method support if it finds an unpacked Leim | |
3871 distribution when the config.bat script is run. | |
3872 | |
3873 ** Formerly, the value of lpr-command did not affect printing on | |
3874 MS-DOS unless print-region-function was set to nil, but now it | |
3875 controls whether an external program is invoked or output is written | |
3876 directly to a printer port. Similarly, in the previous version of | |
3877 Emacs, the value of ps-lpr-command did not affect PostScript printing | |
3878 on MS-DOS unless ps-printer-name was set to something other than a | |
3879 string (eg. t or `pipe'), but now it controls whether an external | |
3880 program is used. (These changes were made so that configuration of | |
3881 printing variables would be almost identical across all platforms.) | |
3882 | |
3883 ** In the previous version of Emacs, PostScript and non-PostScript | |
3884 output was piped to external programs, but because most print programs | |
3885 available for MS-DOS and MS-Windows cannot read data from their standard | |
3886 input, on those systems the data to be output is now written to a | |
3887 temporary file whose name is passed as the last argument to the external | |
3888 program. | |
3889 | |
3890 An exception is made for `print', a standard program on Windows NT, | |
3891 and `nprint', a standard program on Novell Netware. For both of these | |
3892 programs, the command line is constructed in the appropriate syntax | |
3893 automatically, using only the value of printer-name or ps-printer-name | |
3894 as appropriate--the value of the relevant `-switches' variable is | |
3895 ignored, as both programs have no useful switches. | |
3896 | |
3897 ** The value of the variable dos-printer (cf. dos-ps-printer), if it has | |
3898 a value, overrides the value of printer-name (cf. ps-printer-name), on | |
3899 MS-DOS and MS-Windows only. This has been true since version 20.3, but | |
3900 was not documented clearly before. | |
3901 | |
3902 ** All the Emacs games now work on MS-DOS terminals. | |
3903 This includes Tetris and Snake. | |
3904 | |
3905 * Lisp changes in Emacs 20.4 | |
3906 | |
3907 ** New functions line-beginning-position and line-end-position | |
3908 return the position of the beginning or end of the current line. | |
3909 They both accept an optional argument, which has the same | |
3910 meaning as the argument to beginning-of-line or end-of-line. | |
3911 | |
3912 ** find-file and allied functions now have an optional argument | |
3913 WILDCARD. If this is non-nil, they do wildcard processing, | |
3914 and visit all files that match the wildcard pattern. | |
3915 | |
3916 ** Changes in the file-attributes function. | |
3917 | |
3918 *** The file size returned by file-attributes may be an integer or a float. | |
3919 It is an integer if the size fits in a Lisp integer, float otherwise. | |
3920 | |
3921 *** The inode number returned by file-attributes may be an integer (if | |
3922 the number fits in a Lisp integer) or a cons cell containing two | |
3923 integers. | |
3924 | |
3925 ** The new function directory-files-and-attributes returns a list of | |
3926 files in a directory and their attributes. It accepts the same | |
3927 arguments as directory-files and has similar semantics, except that | |
3928 file names and attributes are returned. | |
3929 | |
3930 ** The new function file-attributes-lessp is a helper function for | |
3931 sorting the list generated by directory-files-and-attributes. It | |
3932 accepts two arguments, each a list of a file name and its atttributes. | |
3933 It compares the file names of each according to string-lessp and | |
3934 returns the result. | |
3935 | |
3936 ** The new function file-expand-wildcards expands a wildcard-pattern | |
3937 to produce a list of existing files that match the pattern. | |
3938 | |
3939 ** New functions for base64 conversion: | |
3940 | |
3941 The function base64-encode-region converts a part of the buffer | |
3942 into the base64 code used in MIME. base64-decode-region | |
3943 performs the opposite conversion. Line-breaking is supported | |
3944 optionally. | |
3945 | |
3946 Functions base64-encode-string and base64-decode-string do a similar | |
3947 job on the text in a string. They return the value as a new string. | |
3948 | |
3949 ** | |
3950 The new function process-running-child-p | |
3951 will tell you if a subprocess has given control of its | |
3952 terminal to its own child process. | |
3953 | |
3954 ** interrupt-process and such functions have a new feature: | |
3955 when the second argument is `lambda', they send a signal | |
3956 to the running child of the subshell, if any, but if the shell | |
3957 itself owns its terminal, no signal is sent. | |
3958 | |
3959 ** There are new widget types `plist' and `alist' which can | |
3960 be used for customizing variables whose values are plists or alists. | |
3961 | |
3962 ** easymenu.el Now understands `:key-sequence' and `:style button'. | |
3963 :included is an alias for :visible. | |
3964 | |
3965 easy-menu-add-item now understands the values returned by | |
3966 easy-menu-remove-item and easy-menu-item-present-p. This can be used | |
3967 to move or copy menu entries. | |
3968 | |
3969 ** Multibyte editing changes | |
3970 | |
3971 *** The definitions of sref and char-bytes are changed. Now, sref is | |
3972 an alias of aref and char-bytes always returns 1. This change is to | |
3973 make some Emacs Lisp code which works on 20.2 and earlier also | |
3974 work on the latest Emacs. Such code uses a combination of sref and | |
3975 char-bytes in a loop typically as below: | |
3976 (setq char (sref str idx) | |
3977 idx (+ idx (char-bytes idx))) | |
3978 The byte-compiler now warns that this is obsolete. | |
3979 | |
3980 If you want to know how many bytes a specific multibyte character | |
3981 (say, CH) occupies in a multibyte buffer, use this code: | |
3982 (charset-bytes (char-charset ch)) | |
3983 | |
3984 *** In multibyte mode, when you narrow a buffer to some region, and the | |
3985 region is preceded or followed by non-ASCII codes, inserting or | |
3986 deleting at the head or the end of the region may signal this error: | |
3987 | |
3988 Byte combining across boundary of accessible buffer text inhibitted | |
3989 | |
3990 This is to avoid some bytes being combined together into a character | |
3991 across the boundary. | |
3992 | |
3993 *** The functions find-charset-region and find-charset-string include | |
3994 `unknown' in the returned list in the following cases: | |
3995 o The current buffer or the target string is unibyte and | |
3996 contains 8-bit characters. | |
3997 o The current buffer or the target string is multibyte and | |
3998 contains invalid characters. | |
3999 | |
4000 *** The functions decode-coding-region and encode-coding-region remove | |
4001 text properties of the target region. Ideally, they should correctly | |
4002 preserve text properties, but for the moment, it's hard. Removing | |
4003 text properties is better than preserving them in a less-than-correct | |
4004 way. | |
4005 | |
4006 *** prefer-coding-system sets EOL conversion of default coding systems. | |
4007 If the argument to prefer-coding-system specifies a certain type of | |
4008 end of line conversion, the default coding systems set by | |
4009 prefer-coding-system will specify that conversion type for end of line. | |
4010 | |
4011 *** The new function thai-compose-string can be used to properly | |
4012 compose Thai characters in a string. | |
4013 | |
4014 ** The primitive `define-prefix-command' now takes an optional third | |
4015 argument NAME, which should be a string. It supplies the menu name | |
4016 for the created keymap. Keymaps created in order to be displayed as | |
4017 menus should always use the third argument. | |
4018 | |
4019 ** The meanings of optional second arguments for read-char, | |
4020 read-event, and read-char-exclusive are flipped. Now the second | |
4021 arguments are INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD. These functions use the current | |
4022 input method (if any) if and only if INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD is non-nil. | |
4023 | |
4024 ** The new function clear-this-command-keys empties out the contents | |
4025 of the vector that (this-command-keys) returns. This is useful in | |
4026 programs that read passwords, to prevent the passwords from echoing | |
4027 inadvertently as part of the next command in certain cases. | |
4028 | |
4029 ** The new macro `with-temp-message' displays a temporary message in | |
4030 the echo area, while executing some Lisp code. Like `progn', it | |
4031 returns the value of the last form, but it also restores the previous | |
4032 echo area contents. | |
4033 | |
4034 (with-temp-message MESSAGE &rest BODY) | |
4035 | |
4036 ** The function `require' now takes an optional third argument | |
4037 NOERROR. If it is non-nil, then there is no error if the | |
4038 requested feature cannot be loaded. | |
4039 | |
4040 ** In the function modify-face, an argument of (nil) for the | |
4041 foreground color, background color or stipple pattern | |
4042 means to clear out that attribute. | |
4043 | |
4044 ** The `outer-window-id' frame property of an X frame | |
4045 gives the window number of the outermost X window for the frame. | |
4046 | |
4047 ** Temporary buffers made with with-output-to-temp-buffer are now | |
4048 read-only by default, and normally use the major mode Help mode | |
4049 unless you put them in some other non-Fundamental mode before the | |
4050 end of with-output-to-temp-buffer. | |
4051 | |
4052 ** The new functions gap-position and gap-size return information on | |
4053 the gap of the current buffer. | |
4054 | |
4055 ** The new functions position-bytes and byte-to-position provide a way | |
4056 to convert between character positions and byte positions in the | |
4057 current buffer. | |
4058 | |
4059 ** vc.el defines two new macros, `edit-vc-file' and `with-vc-file', to | |
4060 facilitate working with version-controlled files from Lisp programs. | |
4061 These macros check out a given file automatically if needed, and check | |
4062 it back in after any modifications have been made. | |
4063 | |
4064 * Installation Changes in Emacs 20.3 | |
4065 | |
4066 ** The default value of load-path now includes most subdirectories of | |
4067 the site-specific directories /usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp and | |
4068 /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp, in addition to those | |
4069 directories themselves. Both immediate subdirectories and | |
4070 subdirectories multiple levels down are added to load-path. | |
4071 | |
4072 Not all subdirectories are included, though. Subdirectories whose | |
4073 names do not start with a letter or digit are excluded. | |
4074 Subdirectories named RCS or CVS are excluded. Also, a subdirectory | |
4075 which contains a file named `.nosearch' is excluded. You can use | |
4076 these methods to prevent certain subdirectories from being searched. | |
4077 | |
4078 Emacs finds these subdirectories and adds them to load-path when it | |
4079 starts up. While it would be cleaner to find the subdirectories each | |
4080 time Emacs loads a file, that would be much slower. | |
4081 | |
4082 This feature is an incompatible change. If you have stored some Emacs | |
4083 Lisp files in a subdirectory of the site-lisp directory specifically | |
4084 to prevent them from being used, you will need to rename the | |
4085 subdirectory to start with a non-alphanumeric character, or create a | |
4086 `.nosearch' file in it, in order to continue to achieve the desired | |
4087 results. | |
4088 | |
4089 ** Emacs no longer includes an old version of the C preprocessor from | |
4090 GCC. This was formerly used to help compile Emacs with C compilers | |
4091 that had limits on the significant length of an identifier, but in | |
4092 fact we stopped supporting such compilers some time ago. | |
4093 | |
4094 * Changes in Emacs 20.3 | |
4095 | |
4096 ** The new command C-x z (repeat) repeats the previous command | |
4097 including its argument. If you repeat the z afterward, | |
4098 it repeats the command additional times; thus, you can | |
4099 perform many repetitions with one keystroke per repetition. | |
4100 | |
4101 ** Emacs now supports "selective undo" which undoes only within a | |
4102 specified region. To do this, set point and mark around the desired | |
4103 region and type C-u C-x u (or C-u C-_). You can then continue undoing | |
4104 further, within the same region, by repeating the ordinary undo | |
4105 command C-x u or C-_. This will keep undoing changes that were made | |
4106 within the region you originally specified, until either all of them | |
4107 are undone, or it encounters a change which crosses the edge of that | |
4108 region. | |
4109 | |
4110 In Transient Mark mode, undoing when a region is active requests | |
4111 selective undo. | |
4112 | |
4113 ** If you specify --unibyte when starting Emacs, then all buffers are | |
4114 unibyte, except when a Lisp program specifically creates a multibyte | |
4115 buffer. Setting the environment variable EMACS_UNIBYTE has the same | |
4116 effect. The --no-unibyte option overrides EMACS_UNIBYTE and directs | |
4117 Emacs to run normally in multibyte mode. | |
4118 | |
4119 The option --unibyte does not affect the reading of Emacs Lisp files, | |
4120 though. If you want a Lisp file to be read in unibyte mode, use | |
4121 -*-unibyte: t;-*- on its first line. That will force Emacs to | |
4122 load that file in unibyte mode, regardless of how Emacs was started. | |
4123 | |
4124 ** toggle-enable-multibyte-characters no longer has a key binding and | |
4125 no longer appears in the menu bar. We've realized that changing the | |
4126 enable-multibyte-characters variable in an existing buffer is | |
4127 something that most users not do. | |
4128 | |
4129 ** You can specify a coding system to use for the next cut or paste | |
4130 operations through the window system with the command C-x RET X. | |
4131 The coding system can make a difference for communication with other | |
4132 applications. | |
4133 | |
4134 C-x RET x specifies a coding system for all subsequent cutting and | |
4135 pasting operations. | |
4136 | |
4137 ** You can specify the printer to use for commands that do printing by | |
4138 setting the variable `printer-name'. Just what a printer name looks | |
4139 like depends on your operating system. You can specify a different | |
4140 printer for the Postscript printing commands by setting | |
4141 `ps-printer-name'. | |
4142 | |
4143 ** Emacs now supports on-the-fly spell checking by the means of a | |
4144 minor mode. It is called M-x flyspell-mode. You don't have to remember | |
4145 any other special commands to use it, and you will hardly notice it | |
4146 except when you make a spelling error. Flyspell works by highlighting | |
4147 incorrect words as soon as they are completed or as soon as the cursor | |
4148 hits a new word. | |
4149 | |
4150 Flyspell mode works with whichever dictionary you have selected for | |
4151 Ispell in Emacs. In TeX mode, it understands TeX syntax so as not | |
4152 to be confused by TeX commands. | |
4153 | |
4154 You can correct a misspelled word by editing it into something | |
4155 correct. You can also correct it, or accept it as correct, by | |
4156 clicking on the word with Mouse-2; that gives you a pop-up menu | |
4157 of various alternative replacements and actions. | |
4158 | |
4159 Flyspell mode also proposes "automatic" corrections. M-TAB replaces | |
4160 the current misspelled word with a possible correction. If several | |
4161 corrections are made possible, M-TAB cycles through them in | |
4162 alphabetical order, or in order of decreasing likelihood if | |
4163 flyspell-sort-corrections is nil. | |
4164 | |
4165 Flyspell mode also flags an error when a word is repeated, if | |
4166 flyspell-mark-duplications-flag is non-nil. | |
4167 | |
4168 ** Changes in input method usage. | |
4169 | |
4170 Now you can use arrow keys (right, left, down, up) for selecting among | |
4171 the alternatives just the same way as you do by C-f, C-b, C-n, and C-p | |
4172 respectively. | |
4173 | |
4174 You can use the ENTER key to accept the current conversion. | |
4175 | |
4176 If you type TAB to display a list of alternatives, you can select one | |
4177 of the alternatives with Mouse-2. | |
4178 | |
4179 The meaning of the variable `input-method-verbose-flag' is changed so | |
4180 that you can set it to t, nil, `default', or `complex-only'. | |
4181 | |
4182 If the value is nil, extra guidance is never given. | |
4183 | |
4184 If the value is t, extra guidance is always given. | |
4185 | |
4186 If the value is `complex-only', extra guidance is always given only | |
4187 when you are using complex input methods such as chinese-py. | |
4188 | |
4189 If the value is `default' (this is the default), extra guidance is | |
4190 given in the following case: | |
4191 o When you are using a complex input method. | |
4192 o When you are using a simple input method but not in the minibuffer. | |
4193 | |
4194 If you are using Emacs through a very slow line, setting | |
4195 input-method-verbose-flag to nil or to complex-only is a good choice, | |
4196 and if you are using an input method you are not familiar with, | |
4197 setting it to t is helpful. | |
4198 | |
4199 The old command select-input-method is now called set-input-method. | |
4200 | |
4201 In the language environment "Korean", you can use the following | |
4202 keys: | |
4203 Shift-SPC toggle-korean-input-method | |
4204 C-F9 quail-hangul-switch-symbol-ksc | |
4205 F9 quail-hangul-switch-hanja | |
4206 These key bindings are canceled when you switch to another language | |
4207 environment. | |
4208 | |
4209 ** The minibuffer history of file names now records the specified file | |
4210 names, not the entire minibuffer input. For example, if the | |
4211 minibuffer starts out with /usr/foo/, you might type in /etc/passwd to | |
4212 get | |
4213 | |
4214 /usr/foo//etc/passwd | |
4215 | |
4216 which stands for the file /etc/passwd. | |
4217 | |
4218 Formerly, this used to put /usr/foo//etc/passwd in the history list. | |
4219 Now this puts just /etc/passwd in the history list. | |
4220 | |
4221 ** If you are root, Emacs sets backup-by-copying-when-mismatch to t | |
4222 at startup, so that saving a file will be sure to preserve | |
4223 its owner and group. | |
4224 | |
4225 ** find-func.el can now also find the place of definition of Emacs | |
4226 Lisp variables in user-loaded libraries. | |
4227 | |
4228 ** C-x r t (string-rectangle) now deletes the existing rectangle | |
4229 contents before inserting the specified string on each line. | |
4230 | |
4231 ** There is a new command delete-whitespace-rectangle | |
4232 which deletes whitespace starting from a particular column | |
4233 in all the lines on a rectangle. The column is specified | |
4234 by the left edge of the rectangle. | |
4235 | |
4236 ** You can now store a number into a register with C-u NUMBER C-x r n REG, | |
4237 increment it by INC with C-u INC C-x r + REG (to increment by one, omit | |
4238 C-u INC), and insert it in the buffer with C-x r g REG. This is useful | |
4239 for writing keyboard macros. | |
4240 | |
4241 ** The new command M-x speedbar displays a frame in which directories, | |
4242 files, and tags can be displayed, manipulated, and jumped to. The | |
4243 frame defaults to 20 characters in width, and is the same height as | |
4244 the frame that it was started from. Some major modes define | |
4245 additional commands for the speedbar, including Rmail, GUD/GDB, and | |
4246 info. | |
4247 | |
4248 ** query-replace-regexp is now bound to C-M-%. | |
4249 | |
4250 ** In Transient Mark mode, when the region is active, M-x | |
4251 query-replace and the other replace commands now operate on the region | |
4252 contents only. | |
4253 | |
4254 ** M-x write-region, when used interactively, now asks for | |
4255 confirmation before overwriting an existing file. When you call | |
4256 the function from a Lisp program, a new optional argument CONFIRM | |
4257 says whether to ask for confirmation in this case. | |
4258 | |
4259 ** If you use find-file-literally and the file is already visited | |
4260 non-literally, the command asks you whether to revisit the file | |
4261 literally. If you say no, it signals an error. | |
4262 | |
4263 ** Major modes defined with the "derived mode" feature | |
4264 now use the proper name for the mode hook: WHATEVER-mode-hook. | |
4265 Formerly they used the name WHATEVER-mode-hooks, but that is | |
4266 inconsistent with Emacs conventions. | |
4267 | |
4268 ** shell-command-on-region (and shell-command) reports success or | |
4269 failure if the command produces no output. | |
4270 | |
4271 ** Set focus-follows-mouse to nil if your window system or window | |
4272 manager does not transfer focus to another window when you just move | |
4273 the mouse. | |
4274 | |
4275 ** mouse-menu-buffer-maxlen has been renamed to | |
4276 mouse-buffer-menu-maxlen to be consistent with the other related | |
4277 function and variable names. | |
4278 | |
4279 ** The new variable auto-coding-alist specifies coding systems for | |
4280 reading specific files. This has higher priority than | |
4281 file-coding-system-alist. | |
4282 | |
4283 ** If you set the variable unibyte-display-via-language-environment to | |
4284 t, then Emacs displays non-ASCII characters are displayed by | |
4285 converting them to the equivalent multibyte characters according to | |
4286 the current language environment. As a result, they are displayed | |
4287 according to the current fontset. | |
4288 | |
4289 ** C-q's handling of codes in the range 0200 through 0377 is changed. | |
4290 | |
4291 The codes in the range 0200 through 0237 are inserted as one byte of | |
4292 that code regardless of the values of nonascii-translation-table and | |
4293 nonascii-insert-offset. | |
4294 | |
4295 For the codes in the range 0240 through 0377, if | |
4296 enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil and nonascii-translation-table | |
4297 nor nonascii-insert-offset can't convert them to valid multibyte | |
4298 characters, they are converted to Latin-1 characters. | |
4299 | |
4300 ** If you try to find a file that is not read-accessible, you now get | |
4301 an error, rather than an empty buffer and a warning. | |
4302 | |
4303 ** In the minibuffer history commands M-r and M-s, an upper case | |
4304 letter in the regular expression forces case-sensitive search. | |
4305 | |
4306 ** In the *Help* buffer, cross-references to commands and variables | |
4307 are inferred and hyperlinked. Use C-h m in Help mode for the relevant | |
4308 command keys. | |
4309 | |
4310 ** M-x apropos-command, with a prefix argument, no longer looks for | |
4311 user option variables--instead it looks for noninteractive functions. | |
4312 | |
4313 Meanwhile, the command apropos-variable normally searches for | |
4314 user option variables; with a prefix argument, it looks at | |
4315 all variables that have documentation. | |
4316 | |
4317 ** When you type a long line in the minibuffer, and the minibuffer | |
4318 shows just one line, automatically scrolling works in a special way | |
4319 that shows you overlap with the previous line of text. The variable | |
4320 minibuffer-scroll-overlap controls how many characters of overlap | |
4321 it should show; the default is 20. | |
4322 | |
4323 Meanwhile, Resize Minibuffer mode is still available; in that mode, | |
4324 the minibuffer grows taller (up to a point) as needed to show the whole | |
4325 of your input. | |
4326 | |
4327 ** The new command M-x customize-changed-options lets you customize | |
4328 all the options whose meanings or default values have changed in | |
4329 recent Emacs versions. You specify a previous Emacs version number as | |
4330 argument, and the command creates a customization buffer showing all | |
4331 the customizable options which were changed since that version. | |
4332 Newly added options are included as well. | |
4333 | |
4334 If you don't specify a particular version number argument, | |
4335 then the customization buffer shows all the customizable options | |
4336 for which Emacs versions of changes are recorded. | |
4337 | |
4338 This function is also bound to the Changed Options entry in the | |
4339 Customize menu. | |
4340 | |
4341 ** When you run M-x grep with a prefix argument, it figures out | |
4342 the tag around point and puts that into the default grep command. | |
4343 | |
4344 ** The new command M-* (pop-tag-mark) pops back through a history of | |
4345 buffer positions from which M-. or other tag-finding commands were | |
4346 invoked. | |
4347 | |
4348 ** The new variable comment-padding specifies the number of spaces | |
4349 that `comment-region' will insert before the actual text of the comment. | |
4350 The default is 1. | |
4351 | |
4352 ** In Fortran mode the characters `.', `_' and `$' now have symbol | |
4353 syntax, not word syntax. Fortran mode now supports `imenu' and has | |
4354 new commands fortran-join-line (M-^) and fortran-narrow-to-subprogram | |
4355 (C-x n d). M-q can be used to fill a statement or comment block | |
4356 sensibly. | |
4357 | |
4358 ** GUD now supports jdb, the Java debugger, and pdb, the Python debugger. | |
4359 | |
4360 ** If you set the variable add-log-keep-changes-together to a non-nil | |
4361 value, the command `C-x 4 a' will automatically notice when you make | |
4362 two entries in one day for one file, and combine them. | |
4363 | |
4364 ** You can use the command M-x diary-mail-entries to mail yourself a | |
4365 reminder about upcoming diary entries. See the documentation string | |
4366 for a sample shell script for calling this function automatically | |
4367 every night. | |
4368 | |
4369 ** Desktop changes | |
4370 | |
4371 *** All you need to do to enable use of the Desktop package, is to set | |
4372 the variable desktop-enable to t with Custom. | |
4373 | |
4374 *** Minor modes are now restored. Which minor modes are restored | |
4375 and how modes are restored is controlled by `desktop-minor-mode-table'. | |
4376 | |
4377 ** There is no need to do anything special, now, to enable Gnus to | |
4378 read and post multi-lingual articles. | |
4379 | |
4380 ** Outline mode has now support for showing hidden outlines when | |
4381 doing an isearch. In order for this to happen search-invisible should | |
4382 be set to open (the default). If an isearch match is inside a hidden | |
4383 outline the outline is made visible. If you continue pressing C-s and | |
4384 the match moves outside the formerly invisible outline, the outline is | |
4385 made invisible again. | |
4386 | |
4387 ** Mail reading and sending changes | |
4388 | |
4389 *** The Rmail e command now switches to displaying the whole header of | |
4390 the message before it lets you edit the message. This is so that any | |
4391 changes you make in the header will not be lost if you subsequently | |
4392 toggle. | |
4393 | |
4394 *** The w command in Rmail, which writes the message body into a file, | |
4395 now works in the summary buffer as well. (The command to delete the | |
4396 summary buffer is now Q.) The default file name for the w command, if | |
4397 the message has no subject, is stored in the variable | |
4398 rmail-default-body-file. | |
4399 | |
4400 *** Most of the commands and modes that operate on mail and netnews no | |
4401 longer depend on the value of mail-header-separator. Instead, they | |
4402 handle whatever separator the buffer happens to use. | |
4403 | |
4404 *** If you set mail-signature to a value which is not t, nil, or a string, | |
4405 it should be an expression. When you send a message, this expression | |
4406 is evaluated to insert the signature. | |
4407 | |
4408 *** The new Lisp library feedmail.el (version 8) enhances processing of | |
4409 outbound email messages. It works in coordination with other email | |
4410 handling packages (e.g., rmail, VM, gnus) and is responsible for | |
4411 putting final touches on messages and actually submitting them for | |
4412 transmission. Users of the emacs program "fakemail" might be | |
4413 especially interested in trying feedmail. | |
4414 | |
4415 feedmail is not enabled by default. See comments at the top of | |
4416 feedmail.el for set-up instructions. Among the bigger features | |
4417 provided by feedmail are: | |
4418 | |
4419 **** you can park outgoing messages into a disk-based queue and | |
4420 stimulate sending some or all of them later (handy for laptop users); | |
4421 there is also a queue for draft messages | |
4422 | |
4423 **** you can get one last look at the prepped outbound message and | |
4424 be prompted for confirmation | |
4425 | |
4426 **** does smart filling of address headers | |
4427 | |
4428 **** can generate a MESSAGE-ID: line and a DATE: line; the date can be | |
4429 the time the message was written or the time it is being sent; this | |
4430 can make FCC copies more closely resemble copies that recipients get | |
4431 | |
4432 **** you can specify an arbitrary function for actually transmitting | |
4433 the message; included in feedmail are interfaces for /bin/[r]mail, | |
4434 /usr/lib/sendmail, and elisp smtpmail; it's easy to write a new | |
4435 function for something else (10-20 lines of elisp) | |
4436 | |
4437 ** Dired changes | |
4438 | |
4439 *** The Dired function dired-do-toggle, which toggles marked and unmarked | |
4440 files, is now bound to "t" instead of "T". | |
4441 | |
4442 *** dired-at-point has been added to ffap.el. It allows one to easily | |
4443 run Dired on the directory name at point. | |
4444 | |
4445 *** Dired has a new command: %g. It searches the contents of | |
4446 files in the directory and marks each file that contains a match | |
4447 for a specified regexp. | |
4448 | |
4449 ** VC Changes | |
4450 | |
4451 *** New option vc-ignore-vc-files lets you turn off version control | |
4452 conveniently. | |
4453 | |
4454 *** VC Dired has been completely rewritten. It is now much | |
4455 faster, especially for CVS, and works very similar to ordinary | |
4456 Dired. | |
4457 | |
4458 VC Dired is invoked by typing C-x v d and entering the name of the | |
4459 directory to display. By default, VC Dired gives you a recursive | |
4460 listing of all files at or below the given directory which are | |
4461 currently locked (for CVS, all files not up-to-date are shown). | |
4462 | |
4463 You can change the listing format by setting vc-dired-recurse to nil, | |
4464 then it shows only the given directory, and you may also set | |
4465 vc-dired-terse-display to nil, then it shows all files under version | |
4466 control plus the names of any subdirectories, so that you can type `i' | |
4467 on such lines to insert them manually, as in ordinary Dired. | |
4468 | |
4469 All Dired commands operate normally in VC Dired, except for `v', which | |
4470 is redefined as the version control prefix. That means you may type | |
4471 `v l', `v =' etc. to invoke `vc-print-log', `vc-diff' and the like on | |
4472 the file named in the current Dired buffer line. `v v' invokes | |
4473 `vc-next-action' on this file, or on all files currently marked. | |
4474 | |
4475 The new command `v t' (vc-dired-toggle-terse-mode) allows you to | |
4476 toggle between terse display (only locked files) and full display (all | |
4477 VC files plus subdirectories). There is also a special command, | |
4478 `* l', to mark all files currently locked. | |
4479 | |
4480 Giving a prefix argument to C-x v d now does the same thing as in | |
4481 ordinary Dired: it allows you to supply additional options for the ls | |
4482 command in the minibuffer, to fine-tune VC Dired's output. | |
4483 | |
4484 *** Under CVS, if you merge changes from the repository into a working | |
4485 file, and CVS detects conflicts, VC now offers to start an ediff | |
4486 session to resolve them. | |
4487 | |
4488 Alternatively, you can use the new command `vc-resolve-conflicts' to | |
4489 resolve conflicts in a file at any time. It works in any buffer that | |
4490 contains conflict markers as generated by rcsmerge (which is what CVS | |
4491 uses as well). | |
4492 | |
4493 *** You can now transfer changes between branches, using the new | |
4494 command vc-merge (C-x v m). It is implemented for RCS and CVS. When | |
4495 you invoke it in a buffer under version-control, you can specify | |
4496 either an entire branch or a pair of versions, and the changes on that | |
4497 branch or between the two versions are merged into the working file. | |
4498 If this results in any conflicts, they may be resolved interactively, | |
4499 using ediff. | |
4500 | |
4501 ** Changes in Font Lock | |
4502 | |
4503 *** The face and variable previously known as font-lock-reference-face | |
4504 are now called font-lock-constant-face to better reflect their typical | |
4505 use for highlighting constants and labels. (Its face properties are | |
4506 unchanged.) The variable font-lock-reference-face remains for now for | |
4507 compatibility reasons, but its value is font-lock-constant-face. | |
4508 | |
4509 ** Frame name display changes | |
4510 | |
4511 *** The command set-frame-name lets you set the name of the current | |
4512 frame. You can use the new command select-frame-by-name to select and | |
4513 raise a frame; this is mostly useful on character-only terminals, or | |
4514 when many frames are invisible or iconified. | |
4515 | |
4516 *** On character-only terminal (not a window system), changing the | |
4517 frame name is now reflected on the mode line and in the Buffers/Frames | |
4518 menu. | |
4519 | |
4520 ** Comint (subshell) changes | |
4521 | |
4522 *** In Comint modes, the commands to kill, stop or interrupt a | |
4523 subjob now also kill pending input. This is for compatibility | |
4524 with ordinary shells, where the signal characters do this. | |
4525 | |
4526 *** There are new commands in Comint mode. | |
4527 | |
4528 C-c C-x fetches the "next" line from the input history; | |
4529 that is, the line after the last line you got. | |
4530 You can use this command to fetch successive lines, one by one. | |
4531 | |
4532 C-c SPC accumulates lines of input. More precisely, it arranges to | |
4533 send the current line together with the following line, when you send | |
4534 the following line. | |
4535 | |
4536 C-c C-a if repeated twice consecutively now moves to the process mark, | |
4537 which separates the pending input from the subprocess output and the | |
4538 previously sent input. | |
4539 | |
4540 C-c M-r now runs comint-previous-matching-input-from-input; | |
4541 it searches for a previous command, using the current pending input | |
4542 as the search string. | |
4543 | |
4544 *** New option compilation-scroll-output can be set to scroll | |
4545 automatically in compilation-mode windows. | |
4546 | |
4547 ** C mode changes | |
4548 | |
4549 *** Multiline macros are now handled, both as they affect indentation, | |
4550 and as recognized syntax. New syntactic symbol cpp-macro-cont is | |
4551 assigned to second and subsequent lines of a multiline macro | |
4552 definition. | |
4553 | |
4554 *** A new style "user" which captures all non-hook-ified | |
4555 (i.e. top-level) .emacs file variable settings and customizations. | |
4556 Style "cc-mode" is an alias for "user" and is deprecated. "gnu" | |
4557 style is still the default however. | |
4558 | |
4559 *** "java" style now conforms to Sun's JDK coding style. | |
4560 | |
4561 *** There are new commands c-beginning-of-defun, c-end-of-defun which | |
4562 are alternatives which you could bind to C-M-a and C-M-e if you prefer | |
4563 them. They do not have key bindings by default. | |
4564 | |
4565 *** New and improved implementations of M-a (c-beginning-of-statement) | |
4566 and M-e (c-end-of-statement). | |
4567 | |
4568 *** C++ namespace blocks are supported, with new syntactic symbols | |
4569 namespace-open, namespace-close, and innamespace. | |
4570 | |
4571 *** File local variable settings of c-file-style and c-file-offsets | |
4572 makes the style variables local to that buffer only. | |
4573 | |
4574 *** New indentation functions c-lineup-close-paren, | |
4575 c-indent-one-line-block, c-lineup-dont-change. | |
4576 | |
4577 *** Improvements (hopefully!) to the way CC Mode is loaded. You | |
4578 should now be able to do a (require 'cc-mode) to get the entire | |
4579 package loaded properly for customization in your .emacs file. A new | |
4580 variable c-initialize-on-load controls this and is t by default. | |
4581 | |
4582 ** Changes to hippie-expand. | |
4583 | |
4584 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-dabbrev-skip-space'. If | |
4585 non-nil, trailing spaces may be included in the abbreviation to search for, | |
4586 which then gives the same behavior as the original `dabbrev-expand'. | |
4587 | |
4588 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-dabbrev-as-symbol'. If | |
4589 non-nil, characters of syntax '_' is considered part of the word when | |
4590 expanding dynamically. | |
4591 | |
4592 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-no-restriction'. If | |
4593 non-nil, narrowed buffers are widened before they are searched. | |
4594 | |
4595 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-only-buffers'. If | |
4596 non-empty, buffers searched are restricted to the types specified in | |
4597 this list. Useful for example when constructing new special-purpose | |
4598 expansion functions with `make-hippie-expand-function'. | |
4599 | |
4600 *** Text properties of the expansion are no longer copied. | |
4601 | |
4602 ** Changes in BibTeX mode. | |
4603 | |
4604 *** Any titleword matching a regexp in the new variable | |
4605 bibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore (case sensitive) is ignored during | |
4606 automatic key generation. This replaces variable | |
4607 bibtex-autokey-titleword-first-ignore, which only checked for matches | |
4608 against the first word in the title. | |
4609 | |
4610 *** Autokey generation now uses all words from the title, not just | |
4611 capitalized words. To avoid conflicts with existing customizations, | |
4612 bibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore is set up such that words starting with | |
4613 lowerkey characters will still be ignored. Thus, if you want to use | |
4614 lowercase words from the title, you will have to overwrite the | |
4615 bibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore standard setting. | |
4616 | |
4617 *** Case conversion of names and title words for automatic key | |
4618 generation is more flexible. Variable bibtex-autokey-preserve-case is | |
4619 replaced by bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert and | |
4620 bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert. | |
4621 | |
4622 ** Changes in vcursor.el. | |
4623 | |
4624 *** Support for character terminals is available: there is a new keymap | |
4625 and the vcursor will appear as an arrow between buffer text. A | |
4626 variable `vcursor-interpret-input' allows input from the vcursor to be | |
4627 entered exactly as if typed. Numerous functions, including | |
4628 `vcursor-compare-windows', have been rewritten to improve consistency | |
4629 in the selection of windows and corresponding keymaps. | |
4630 | |
4631 *** vcursor options can now be altered with M-x customize under the | |
4632 Editing group once the package is loaded. | |
4633 | |
4634 *** Loading vcursor now does not define keys by default, as this is | |
4635 generally a bad side effect. Use M-x customize to set | |
4636 vcursor-key-bindings to t to restore the old behaviour. | |
4637 | |
4638 *** vcursor-auto-disable can be `copy', which turns off copying from the | |
4639 vcursor, but doesn't disable it, after any non-vcursor command. | |
4640 | |
4641 ** Ispell changes. | |
4642 | |
4643 *** You can now spell check comments and strings in the current | |
4644 buffer with M-x ispell-comments-and-strings. Comments and strings | |
4645 are identified by syntax tables in effect. | |
4646 | |
4647 *** Generic region skipping implemented. | |
4648 A single buffer can be broken into a number of regions where text will | |
4649 and will not be checked. The definitions of the regions can be user | |
4650 defined. New applications and improvements made available by this | |
4651 include: | |
4652 | |
4653 o URLs are automatically skipped | |
4654 o EMail message checking is vastly improved. | |
4655 | |
4656 *** Ispell can highlight the erroneous word even on non-window terminals. | |
4657 | |
4658 ** Changes to RefTeX mode | |
4659 | |
4660 RefTeX has been updated in order to make it more usable with very | |
4661 large projects (like a several volume math book). The parser has been | |
4662 re-written from scratch. To get maximum speed from RefTeX, check the | |
4663 section `Optimizations' in the manual. | |
4664 | |
4665 *** New recursive parser. | |
4666 | |
4667 The old version of RefTeX created a single large buffer containing the | |
4668 entire multifile document in order to parse the document. The new | |
4669 recursive parser scans the individual files. | |
4670 | |
4671 *** Parsing only part of a document. | |
4672 | |
4673 Reparsing of changed document parts can now be made faster by enabling | |
4674 partial scans. To use this feature, read the documentation string of | |
4675 the variable `reftex-enable-partial-scans' and set the variable to t. | |
4676 | |
4677 (setq reftex-enable-partial-scans t) | |
4678 | |
4679 *** Storing parsing information in a file. | |
4680 | |
4681 This can improve startup times considerably. To turn it on, use | |
4682 | |
4683 (setq reftex-save-parse-info t) | |
4684 | |
4685 *** Using multiple selection buffers | |
4686 | |
4687 If the creation of label selection buffers is too slow (this happens | |
4688 for large documents), you can reuse these buffers by setting | |
4689 | |
4690 (setq reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers t) | |
4691 | |
4692 *** References to external documents. | |
4693 | |
4694 The LaTeX package `xr' allows to cross-reference labels in external | |
4695 documents. RefTeX can provide information about the external | |
4696 documents as well. To use this feature, set up the \externaldocument | |
4697 macros required by the `xr' package and rescan the document with | |
4698 RefTeX. The external labels can then be accessed with the `x' key in | |
4699 the selection buffer provided by `reftex-reference' (bound to `C-c )'). | |
4700 The `x' key also works in the table of contents buffer. | |
4701 | |
4702 *** Many more labeled LaTeX environments are recognized by default. | |
4703 | |
4704 The builtin command list now covers all the standard LaTeX commands, | |
4705 and all of the major packages included in the LaTeX distribution. | |
4706 | |
4707 Also, RefTeX now understands the \appendix macro and changes | |
4708 the enumeration of sections in the *toc* buffer accordingly. | |
4709 | |
4710 *** Mouse support for selection and *toc* buffers | |
4711 | |
4712 The mouse can now be used to select items in the selection and *toc* | |
4713 buffers. See also the new option `reftex-highlight-selection'. | |
4714 | |
4715 *** New keymaps for selection and table of contents modes. | |
4716 | |
4717 The selection processes for labels and citation keys, and the table of | |
4718 contents buffer now have their own keymaps: `reftex-select-label-map', | |
4719 `reftex-select-bib-map', `reftex-toc-map'. The selection processes | |
4720 have a number of new keys predefined. In particular, TAB lets you | |
4721 enter a label with completion. Check the on-the-fly help (press `?' | |
4722 at the selection prompt) or read the Info documentation to find out | |
4723 more. | |
4724 | |
4725 *** Support for the varioref package | |
4726 | |
4727 The `v' key in the label selection buffer toggles \ref versus \vref. | |
4728 | |
4729 *** New hooks | |
4730 | |
4731 Three new hooks can be used to redefine the way labels, references, | |
4732 and citations are created. These hooks are | |
4733 `reftex-format-label-function', `reftex-format-ref-function', | |
4734 `reftex-format-cite-function'. | |
4735 | |
4736 *** Citations outside LaTeX | |
4737 | |
4738 The command `reftex-citation' may also be used outside LaTeX (e.g. in | |
4739 a mail buffer). See the Info documentation for details. | |
4740 | |
4741 *** Short context is no longer fontified. | |
4742 | |
4743 The short context in the label menu no longer copies the | |
4744 fontification from the text in the buffer. If you prefer it to be | |
4745 fontified, use | |
4746 | |
4747 (setq reftex-refontify-context t) | |
4748 | |
4749 ** file-cache-minibuffer-complete now accepts a prefix argument. | |
4750 With a prefix argument, it does not try to do completion of | |
4751 the file name within its directory; it only checks for other | |
4752 directories that contain the same file name. | |
4753 | |
4754 Thus, given the file name Makefile, and assuming that a file | |
4755 Makefile.in exists in the same directory, ordinary | |
4756 file-cache-minibuffer-complete will try to complete Makefile to | |
4757 Makefile.in and will therefore never look for other directories that | |
4758 have Makefile. A prefix argument tells it not to look for longer | |
4759 names such as Makefile.in, so that instead it will look for other | |
4760 directories--just as if the name were already complete in its present | |
4761 directory. | |
4762 | |
4763 ** New modes and packages | |
4764 | |
4765 *** There is a new alternative major mode for Perl, Cperl mode. | |
4766 It has many more features than Perl mode, and some people prefer | |
4767 it, but some do not. | |
4768 | |
4769 *** There is a new major mode, M-x vhdl-mode, for editing files of VHDL | |
4770 code. | |
4771 | |
4772 *** M-x which-function-mode enables a minor mode that displays the | |
4773 current function name continuously in the mode line, as you move | |
4774 around in a buffer. | |
4775 | |
4776 Which Function mode is effective in major modes which support Imenu. | |
4777 | |
4778 *** Gametree is a major mode for editing game analysis trees. The author | |
4779 uses it for keeping notes about his postal Chess games, but it should | |
4780 be helpful for other two-player games as well, as long as they have an | |
4781 established system of notation similar to Chess. | |
4782 | |
4783 *** The new minor mode checkdoc-minor-mode provides Emacs Lisp | |
4784 documentation string checking for style and spelling. The style | |
4785 guidelines are found in the Emacs Lisp programming manual. | |
4786 | |
4787 *** The net-utils package makes some common networking features | |
4788 available in Emacs. Some of these functions are wrappers around | |
4789 system utilities (ping, nslookup, etc); others are implementations of | |
4790 simple protocols (finger, whois) in Emacs Lisp. There are also | |
4791 functions to make simple connections to TCP/IP ports for debugging and | |
4792 the like. | |
4793 | |
4794 *** highlight-changes-mode is a minor mode that uses colors to | |
4795 identify recently changed parts of the buffer text. | |
4796 | |
4797 *** The new package `midnight' lets you specify things to be done | |
4798 within Emacs at midnight--by default, kill buffers that you have not | |
4799 used in a considerable time. To use this feature, customize | |
4800 the user option `midnight-mode' to t. | |
4801 | |
4802 *** The file generic-x.el defines a number of simple major modes. | |
4803 | |
4804 apache-generic-mode: For Apache and NCSA httpd configuration files | |
4805 samba-generic-mode: Samba configuration files | |
4806 fvwm-generic-mode: For fvwm initialization files | |
4807 x-resource-generic-mode: For X resource files | |
4808 hosts-generic-mode: For hosts files (.rhosts, /etc/hosts, etc) | |
4809 mailagent-rules-generic-mode: For mailagent .rules files | |
4810 javascript-generic-mode: For JavaScript files | |
4811 vrml-generic-mode: For VRML files | |
4812 java-manifest-generic-mode: For Java MANIFEST files | |
4813 java-properties-generic-mode: For Java property files | |
4814 mailrc-generic-mode: For .mailrc files | |
4815 | |
4816 Platform-specific modes: | |
4817 | |
4818 prototype-generic-mode: For Solaris/Sys V prototype files | |
4819 pkginfo-generic-mode: For Solaris/Sys V pkginfo files | |
4820 alias-generic-mode: For C shell alias files | |
4821 inf-generic-mode: For MS-Windows INF files | |
4822 ini-generic-mode: For MS-Windows INI files | |
4823 reg-generic-mode: For MS-Windows Registry files | |
4824 bat-generic-mode: For MS-Windows BAT scripts | |
4825 rc-generic-mode: For MS-Windows Resource files | |
4826 rul-generic-mode: For InstallShield scripts | |
4827 | |
4828 * Lisp changes in Emacs 20.3 since the Emacs Lisp Manual was published | |
4829 | |
4830 ** If you want a Lisp file to be read in unibyte mode, | |
4831 use -*-unibyte: t;-*- on its first line. | |
4832 That will force Emacs to read that file in unibyte mode. | |
4833 Otherwise, the file will be loaded and byte-compiled in multibyte mode. | |
4834 | |
4835 Thus, each lisp file is read in a consistent way regardless of whether | |
4836 you started Emacs with --unibyte, so that a Lisp program gives | |
4837 consistent results regardless of how Emacs was started. | |
4838 | |
4839 ** The new function assoc-default is useful for searching an alist, | |
4840 and using a default value if the key is not found there. You can | |
4841 specify a comparison predicate, so this function is useful for | |
4842 searching comparing a string against an alist of regular expressions. | |
4843 | |
4844 ** The functions unibyte-char-to-multibyte and | |
4845 multibyte-char-to-unibyte convert between unibyte and multibyte | |
4846 character codes, in a way that is appropriate for the current language | |
4847 environment. | |
4848 | |
4849 ** The functions read-event, read-char and read-char-exclusive now | |
4850 take two optional arguments. PROMPT, if non-nil, specifies a prompt | |
4851 string. SUPPRESS-INPUT-METHOD, if non-nil, says to disable the | |
4852 current input method for reading this one event. | |
4853 | |
4854 ** Two new variables print-escape-nonascii and print-escape-multibyte | |
4855 now control whether to output certain characters as | |
4856 backslash-sequences. print-escape-nonascii applies to single-byte | |
4857 non-ASCII characters; print-escape-multibyte applies to multibyte | |
4858 characters. Both of these variables are used only when printing | |
4859 in readable fashion (prin1 uses them, princ does not). | |
4860 | |
4861 * Lisp changes in Emacs 20.3 before the Emacs Lisp Manual was published | |
4862 | |
4863 ** Compiled Emacs Lisp files made with the modified "MBSK" version | |
4864 of Emacs 20.2 do not work in Emacs 20.3. | |
4865 | |
4866 ** Buffer positions are now measured in characters, as they were | |
4867 in Emacs 19 and before. This means that (forward-char 1) | |
4868 always increases point by 1. | |
4869 | |
4870 The function chars-in-region now just subtracts its arguments. It is | |
4871 considered obsolete. The function char-boundary-p has been deleted. | |
4872 | |
4873 See below for additional changes relating to multibyte characters. | |
4874 | |
4875 ** defcustom, defface and defgroup now accept the keyword `:version'. | |
4876 Use this to specify in which version of Emacs a certain variable's | |
4877 default value changed. For example, | |
4878 | |
4879 (defcustom foo-max 34 "*Maximum number of foo's allowed." | |
4880 :type 'integer | |
4881 :group 'foo | |
4882 :version "20.3") | |
4883 | |
4884 (defgroup foo-group nil "The foo group." | |
4885 :version "20.3") | |
4886 | |
4887 If an entire new group is added or the variables in it have the | |
4888 default values changed, then just add a `:version' to that group. It | |
4889 is recommended that new packages added to the distribution contain a | |
4890 `:version' in the top level group. | |
4891 | |
4892 This information is used to control the customize-changed-options command. | |
4893 | |
4894 ** It is now an error to change the value of a symbol whose name | |
4895 starts with a colon--if it is interned in the standard obarray. | |
4896 | |
4897 However, setting such a symbol to its proper value, which is that | |
4898 symbol itself, is not an error. This is for the sake of programs that | |
4899 support previous Emacs versions by explicitly setting these variables | |
4900 to themselves. | |
4901 | |
4902 If you set the variable keyword-symbols-constant-flag to nil, | |
4903 this error is suppressed, and you can set these symbols to any | |
4904 values whatever. | |
4905 | |
4906 ** There is a new debugger command, R. | |
4907 It evaluates an expression like e, but saves the result | |
4908 in the buffer *Debugger-record*. | |
4909 | |
4910 ** Frame-local variables. | |
4911 | |
4912 You can now make a variable local to various frames. To do this, call | |
4913 the function make-variable-frame-local; this enables frames to have | |
4914 local bindings for that variable. | |
4915 | |
4916 These frame-local bindings are actually frame parameters: you create a | |
4917 frame-local binding in a specific frame by calling | |
4918 modify-frame-parameters and specifying the variable name as the | |
4919 parameter name. | |
4920 | |
4921 Buffer-local bindings take precedence over frame-local bindings. | |
4922 Thus, if the current buffer has a buffer-local binding, that binding is | |
4923 active; otherwise, if the selected frame has a frame-local binding, | |
4924 that binding is active; otherwise, the default binding is active. | |
4925 | |
4926 It would not be hard to implement window-local bindings, but it is not | |
4927 clear that this would be very useful; windows tend to come and go in a | |
4928 very transitory fashion, so that trying to produce any specific effect | |
4929 through a window-local binding would not be very robust. | |
4930 | |
4931 ** `sregexq' and `sregex' are two new functions for constructing | |
4932 "symbolic regular expressions." These are Lisp expressions that, when | |
4933 evaluated, yield conventional string-based regexps. The symbolic form | |
4934 makes it easier to construct, read, and maintain complex patterns. | |
4935 See the documentation in sregex.el. | |
4936 | |
4937 ** parse-partial-sexp's return value has an additional element which | |
4938 is used to pass information along if you pass it to another call to | |
4939 parse-partial-sexp, starting its scan where the first call ended. | |
4940 The contents of this field are not yet finalized. | |
4941 | |
4942 ** eval-region now accepts a fourth optional argument READ-FUNCTION. | |
4943 If it is non-nil, that function is used instead of `read'. | |
4944 | |
4945 ** unload-feature by default removes the feature's functions from | |
4946 known hooks to avoid trouble, but a package providing FEATURE can | |
4947 define a hook FEATURE-unload-hook to be run by unload-feature instead. | |
4948 | |
4949 ** read-from-minibuffer no longer returns the argument DEFAULT-VALUE | |
4950 when the user enters empty input. It now returns the null string, as | |
4951 it did in Emacs 19. The default value is made available in the | |
4952 history via M-n, but it is not applied here as a default. | |
4953 | |
4954 The other, more specialized minibuffer-reading functions continue to | |
4955 return the default value (not the null string) when the user enters | |
4956 empty input. | |
4957 | |
4958 ** The new variable read-buffer-function controls which routine to use | |
4959 for selecting buffers. For example, if you set this variable to | |
4960 `iswitchb-read-buffer', iswitchb will be used to read buffer names. | |
4961 Other functions can also be used if they accept the same arguments as | |
4962 `read-buffer' and return the selected buffer name as a string. | |
4963 | |
4964 ** The new function read-passwd reads a password from the terminal, | |
4965 echoing a period for each character typed. It takes three arguments: | |
4966 a prompt string, a flag which says "read it twice to make sure", and a | |
4967 default password to use if the user enters nothing. | |
4968 | |
4969 ** The variable fill-nobreak-predicate gives major modes a way to | |
4970 specify not to break a line at certain places. Its value is a | |
4971 function which is called with no arguments, with point located at the | |
4972 place where a break is being considered. If the function returns | |
4973 non-nil, then the line won't be broken there. | |
4974 | |
4975 ** window-end now takes an optional second argument, UPDATE. | |
4976 If this is non-nil, then the function always returns an accurate | |
4977 up-to-date value for the buffer position corresponding to the | |
4978 end of the window, even if this requires computation. | |
4979 | |
4980 ** other-buffer now takes an optional argument FRAME | |
4981 which specifies which frame's buffer list to use. | |
4982 If it is nil, that means use the selected frame's buffer list. | |
4983 | |
4984 ** The new variable buffer-display-time, always local in every buffer, | |
4985 holds the value of (current-time) as of the last time that a window | |
4986 was directed to display this buffer. | |
4987 | |
4988 ** It is now meaningful to compare two window-configuration objects | |
4989 with `equal'. Two window-configuration objects are equal if they | |
4990 describe equivalent arrangements of windows, in the same frame--in | |
4991 other words, if they would give the same results if passed to | |
4992 set-window-configuration. | |
4993 | |
4994 ** compare-window-configurations is a new function that compares two | |
4995 window configurations loosely. It ignores differences in saved buffer | |
4996 positions and scrolling, and considers only the structure and sizes of | |
4997 windows and the choice of buffers to display. | |
4998 | |
4999 ** The variable minor-mode-overriding-map-alist allows major modes to | |
5000 override the key bindings of a minor mode. The elements of this alist | |
5001 look like the elements of minor-mode-map-alist: (VARIABLE . KEYMAP). | |
5002 | |
5003 If the VARIABLE in an element of minor-mode-overriding-map-alist has a | |
5004 non-nil value, the paired KEYMAP is active, and totally overrides the | |
5005 map (if any) specified for the same variable in minor-mode-map-alist. | |
5006 | |
5007 minor-mode-overriding-map-alist is automatically local in all buffers, | |
5008 and it is meant to be set by major modes. | |
5009 | |
5010 ** The function match-string-no-properties is like match-string | |
5011 except that it discards all text properties from the result. | |
5012 | |
5013 ** The function load-average now accepts an optional argument | |
5014 USE-FLOATS. If it is non-nil, the load average values are returned as | |
5015 floating point numbers, rather than as integers to be divided by 100. | |
5016 | |
5017 ** The new variable temporary-file-directory specifies the directory | |
5018 to use for creating temporary files. The default value is determined | |
5019 in a reasonable way for your operating system; on GNU and Unix systems | |
5020 it is based on the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables. | |
5021 | |
5022 ** Menu changes | |
5023 | |
5024 *** easymenu.el now uses the new menu item format and supports the | |
5025 keywords :visible and :filter. The existing keyword :keys is now | |
5026 better supported. | |
5027 | |
5028 The variable `easy-menu-precalculate-equivalent-keybindings' controls | |
5029 a new feature which calculates keyboard equivalents for the menu when | |
5030 you define the menu. The default is t. If you rarely use menus, you | |
5031 can set the variable to nil to disable this precalculation feature; | |
5032 then the calculation is done only if you use the menu bar. | |
5033 | |
5034 *** A new format for menu items is supported. | |
5035 | |
5036 In a keymap, a key binding that has the format | |
5037 (STRING . REAL-BINDING) or (STRING HELP-STRING . REAL-BINDING) | |
5038 defines a menu item. Now a menu item definition may also be a list that | |
5039 starts with the symbol `menu-item'. | |
5040 | |
5041 The format is: | |
5042 (menu-item ITEM-NAME) or | |
5043 (menu-item ITEM-NAME REAL-BINDING . ITEM-PROPERTY-LIST) | |
5044 where ITEM-NAME is an expression which evaluates to the menu item | |
5045 string, and ITEM-PROPERTY-LIST has the form of a property list. | |
5046 The supported properties include | |
5047 | |
5048 :enable FORM Evaluate FORM to determine whether the | |
5049 item is enabled. | |
5050 :visible FORM Evaluate FORM to determine whether the | |
5051 item should appear in the menu. | |
5052 :filter FILTER-FN | |
5053 FILTER-FN is a function of one argument, | |
5054 which will be REAL-BINDING. | |
5055 It should return a binding to use instead. | |
5056 :keys DESCRIPTION | |
5057 DESCRIPTION is a string that describes an equivalent keyboard | |
5058 binding for for REAL-BINDING. DESCRIPTION is expanded with | |
5059 `substitute-command-keys' before it is used. | |
5060 :key-sequence KEY-SEQUENCE | |
5061 KEY-SEQUENCE is a key-sequence for an equivalent | |
5062 keyboard binding. | |
5063 :key-sequence nil | |
5064 This means that the command normally has no | |
5065 keyboard equivalent. | |
5066 :help HELP HELP is the extra help string (not currently used). | |
5067 :button (TYPE . SELECTED) | |
5068 TYPE is :toggle or :radio. | |
5069 SELECTED is a form, to be evaluated, and its | |
5070 value says whether this button is currently selected. | |
5071 | |
5072 Buttons are at the moment only simulated by prefixes in the menu. | |
5073 Eventually ordinary X-buttons may be supported. | |
5074 | |
5075 (menu-item ITEM-NAME) defines unselectable item. | |
5076 | |
5077 ** New event types | |
5078 | |
5079 *** The new event type `mouse-wheel' is generated by a wheel on a | |
5080 mouse (such as the MS Intellimouse). The event contains a delta that | |
5081 corresponds to the amount and direction that the wheel is rotated, | |
5082 which is typically used to implement a scroll or zoom. The format is: | |
5083 | |
5084 (mouse-wheel POSITION DELTA) | |
5085 | |
5086 where POSITION is a list describing the position of the event in the | |
5087 same format as a mouse-click event, and DELTA is a signed number | |
5088 indicating the number of increments by which the wheel was rotated. A | |
5089 negative DELTA indicates that the wheel was rotated backwards, towards | |
5090 the user, and a positive DELTA indicates that the wheel was rotated | |
5091 forward, away from the user. | |
5092 | |
5093 As of now, this event type is generated only on MS Windows. | |
5094 | |
5095 *** The new event type `drag-n-drop' is generated when a group of | |
5096 files is selected in an application outside of Emacs, and then dragged | |
5097 and dropped onto an Emacs frame. The event contains a list of | |
5098 filenames that were dragged and dropped, which are then typically | |
5099 loaded into Emacs. The format is: | |
5100 | |
5101 (drag-n-drop POSITION FILES) | |
5102 | |
5103 where POSITION is a list describing the position of the event in the | |
5104 same format as a mouse-click event, and FILES is the list of filenames | |
5105 that were dragged and dropped. | |
5106 | |
5107 As of now, this event type is generated only on MS Windows. | |
5108 | |
5109 ** Changes relating to multibyte characters. | |
5110 | |
5111 *** The variable enable-multibyte-characters is now read-only; | |
5112 any attempt to set it directly signals an error. The only way | |
5113 to change this value in an existing buffer is with set-buffer-multibyte. | |
5114 | |
5115 *** In a string constant, `\ ' now stands for "nothing at all". You | |
5116 can use it to terminate a hex escape which is followed by a character | |
5117 that could otherwise be read as part of the hex escape. | |
5118 | |
5119 *** String indices are now measured in characters, as they were | |
5120 in Emacs 19 and before. | |
5121 | |
5122 The function chars-in-string has been deleted. | |
5123 The function concat-chars has been renamed to `string'. | |
5124 | |
5125 *** The function set-buffer-multibyte sets the flag in the current | |
5126 buffer that says whether the buffer uses multibyte representation or | |
5127 unibyte representation. If the argument is nil, it selects unibyte | |
5128 representation. Otherwise it selects multibyte representation. | |
5129 | |
5130 This function does not change the contents of the buffer, viewed | |
5131 as a sequence of bytes. However, it does change the contents | |
5132 viewed as characters; a sequence of two bytes which is treated as | |
5133 one character when the buffer uses multibyte representation | |
5134 will count as two characters using unibyte representation. | |
5135 | |
5136 This function sets enable-multibyte-characters to record which | |
5137 representation is in use. It also adjusts various data in the buffer | |
5138 (including its markers, overlays and text properties) so that they are | |
5139 consistent with the new representation. | |
5140 | |
5141 *** string-make-multibyte takes a string and converts it to multibyte | |
5142 representation. Most of the time, you don't need to care | |
5143 about the representation, because Emacs converts when necessary; | |
5144 however, it makes a difference when you compare strings. | |
5145 | |
5146 The conversion of non-ASCII characters works by adding the value of | |
5147 nonascii-insert-offset to each character, or by translating them | |
5148 using the table nonascii-translation-table. | |
5149 | |
5150 *** string-make-unibyte takes a string and converts it to unibyte | |
5151 representation. Most of the time, you don't need to care about the | |
5152 representation, but it makes a difference when you compare strings. | |
5153 | |
5154 The conversion from multibyte to unibyte representation | |
5155 loses information; the only time Emacs performs it automatically | |
5156 is when inserting a multibyte string into a unibyte buffer. | |
5157 | |
5158 *** string-as-multibyte takes a string, and returns another string | |
5159 which contains the same bytes, but treats them as multibyte. | |
5160 | |
5161 *** string-as-unibyte takes a string, and returns another string | |
5162 which contains the same bytes, but treats them as unibyte. | |
5163 | |
5164 *** The new function compare-strings lets you compare | |
5165 portions of two strings. Unibyte strings are converted to multibyte, | |
5166 so that a unibyte string can match a multibyte string. | |
5167 You can specify whether to ignore case or not. | |
5168 | |
5169 *** assoc-ignore-case now uses compare-strings so that | |
5170 it can treat unibyte and multibyte strings as equal. | |
5171 | |
5172 *** Regular expression operations and buffer string searches now | |
5173 convert the search pattern to multibyte or unibyte to accord with the | |
5174 buffer or string being searched. | |
5175 | |
5176 One consequence is that you cannot always use \200-\377 inside of | |
5177 [...] to match all non-ASCII characters. This does still work when | |
5178 searching or matching a unibyte buffer or string, but not when | |
5179 searching or matching a multibyte string. Unfortunately, there is no | |
5180 obvious choice of syntax to use within [...] for that job. But, what | |
5181 you want is just to match all non-ASCII characters, the regular | |
5182 expression [^\0-\177] works for it. | |
5183 | |
5184 *** Structure of coding system changed. | |
5185 | |
5186 All coding systems (including aliases and subsidiaries) are named | |
5187 by symbols; the symbol's `coding-system' property is a vector | |
5188 which defines the coding system. Aliases share the same vector | |
5189 as the principal name, so that altering the contents of this | |
5190 vector affects the principal name and its aliases. You can define | |
5191 your own alias name of a coding system by the function | |
5192 define-coding-system-alias. | |
5193 | |
5194 The coding system definition includes a property list of its own. Use | |
5195 the new functions `coding-system-get' and `coding-system-put' to | |
5196 access such coding system properties as post-read-conversion, | |
5197 pre-write-conversion, character-translation-table-for-decode, | |
5198 character-translation-table-for-encode, mime-charset, and | |
5199 safe-charsets. For instance, (coding-system-get 'iso-latin-1 | |
5200 'mime-charset) gives the corresponding MIME-charset parameter | |
5201 `iso-8859-1'. | |
5202 | |
5203 Among the coding system properties listed above, safe-charsets is new. | |
5204 The value of this property is a list of character sets which this | |
5205 coding system can correctly encode and decode. For instance: | |
5206 (coding-system-get 'iso-latin-1 'safe-charsets) => (ascii latin-iso8859-1) | |
5207 | |
5208 Here, "correctly encode" means that the encoded character sets can | |
5209 also be handled safely by systems other than Emacs as far as they | |
5210 are capable of that coding system. Though, Emacs itself can encode | |
5211 the other character sets and read it back correctly. | |
5212 | |
5213 *** The new function select-safe-coding-system can be used to find a | |
5214 proper coding system for encoding the specified region or string. | |
5215 This function requires a user interaction. | |
5216 | |
5217 *** The new functions find-coding-systems-region and | |
5218 find-coding-systems-string are helper functions used by | |
5219 select-safe-coding-system. They return a list of all proper coding | |
5220 systems to encode a text in some region or string. If you don't want | |
5221 a user interaction, use one of these functions instead of | |
5222 select-safe-coding-system. | |
5223 | |
5224 *** The explicit encoding and decoding functions, such as | |
5225 decode-coding-region and encode-coding-string, now set | |
5226 last-coding-system-used to reflect the actual way encoding or decoding | |
5227 was done. | |
5228 | |
5229 *** The new function detect-coding-with-language-environment can be | |
5230 used to detect a coding system of text according to priorities of | |
5231 coding systems used by some specific language environment. | |
5232 | |
5233 *** The functions detect-coding-region and detect-coding-string always | |
5234 return a list if the arg HIGHEST is nil. Thus, if only ASCII | |
5235 characters are found, they now return a list of single element | |
5236 `undecided' or its subsidiaries. | |
5237 | |
5238 *** The new functions coding-system-change-eol-conversion and | |
5239 coding-system-change-text-conversion can be used to get a different | |
5240 coding system than what specified only in how end-of-line or text is | |
5241 converted. | |
5242 | |
5243 *** The new function set-selection-coding-system can be used to set a | |
5244 coding system for communicating with other X clients. | |
5245 | |
5246 *** The function `map-char-table' now passes as argument only valid | |
5247 character codes, plus generic characters that stand for entire | |
5248 character sets or entire subrows of a character set. In other words, | |
5249 each time `map-char-table' calls its FUNCTION argument, the key value | |
5250 either will be a valid individual character code, or will stand for a | |
5251 range of characters. | |
5252 | |
5253 *** The new function `char-valid-p' can be used for checking whether a | |
5254 Lisp object is a valid character code or not. | |
5255 | |
5256 *** The new function `charset-after' returns a charset of a character | |
5257 in the current buffer at position POS. | |
5258 | |
5259 *** Input methods are now implemented using the variable | |
5260 input-method-function. If this is non-nil, its value should be a | |
5261 function; then, whenever Emacs reads an input event that is a printing | |
5262 character with no modifier bits, it calls that function, passing the | |
5263 event as an argument. Often this function will read more input, first | |
5264 binding input-method-function to nil. | |
5265 | |
5266 The return value should be a list of the events resulting from input | |
5267 method processing. These events will be processed sequentially as | |
5268 input, before resorting to unread-command-events. Events returned by | |
5269 the input method function are not passed to the input method function, | |
5270 not even if they are printing characters with no modifier bits. | |
5271 | |
5272 The input method function is not called when reading the second and | |
5273 subsequent events of a key sequence. | |
5274 | |
5275 *** You can customize any language environment by using | |
5276 set-language-environment-hook and exit-language-environment-hook. | |
5277 | |
5278 The hook `exit-language-environment-hook' should be used to undo | |
5279 customizations that you made with set-language-environment-hook. For | |
5280 instance, if you set up a special key binding for a specific language | |
5281 environment by set-language-environment-hook, you should set up | |
5282 exit-language-environment-hook to restore the normal key binding. | |
5283 | |
5284 * Changes in Emacs 20.1 | |
5285 | |
5286 ** Emacs has a new facility for customization of its many user | |
5287 options. It is called M-x customize. With this facility you can look | |
5288 at the many user options in an organized way; they are grouped into a | |
5289 tree structure. | |
5290 | |
5291 M-x customize also knows what sorts of values are legitimate for each | |
5292 user option and ensures that you don't use invalid values. | |
5293 | |
5294 With M-x customize, you can set options either for the present Emacs | |
5295 session or permanently. (Permanent settings are stored automatically | |
5296 in your .emacs file.) | |
5297 | |
5298 ** Scroll bars are now on the left side of the window. | |
5299 You can change this with M-x customize-option scroll-bar-mode. | |
5300 | |
5301 ** The mode line no longer includes the string `Emacs'. | |
5302 This makes more space in the mode line for other information. | |
5303 | |
5304 ** When you select a region with the mouse, it is highlighted | |
5305 immediately afterward. At that time, if you type the DELETE key, it | |
5306 kills the region. | |
5307 | |
5308 The BACKSPACE key, and the ASCII character DEL, do not do this; they | |
5309 delete the character before point, as usual. | |
5310 | |
5311 ** In an incremental search the whole current match is highlighted | |
5312 on terminals which support this. (You can disable this feature | |
5313 by setting search-highlight to nil.) | |
5314 | |
5315 ** In the minibuffer, in some cases, you can now use M-n to | |
5316 insert the default value into the minibuffer as text. In effect, | |
5317 the default value (if the minibuffer routines know it) is tacked | |
5318 onto the history "in the future". (The more normal use of the | |
5319 history list is to use M-p to insert minibuffer input used in the | |
5320 past.) | |
5321 | |
5322 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs. | |
5323 This makes it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode | |
5324 in Text mode, and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode). | |
5325 TAB in Text mode now runs the command indent-relative; this | |
5326 makes a practical difference only when you use indented paragraphs. | |
5327 | |
5328 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode, | |
5329 and is an alias for it. | |
5330 | |
5331 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, | |
5332 use the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode. | |
5333 | |
5334 ** Scrolling changes | |
5335 | |
5336 *** Scroll commands to scroll a whole screen now preserve the screen | |
5337 position of the cursor, if scroll-preserve-screen-position is non-nil. | |
5338 | |
5339 In this mode, if you scroll several screens back and forth, finishing | |
5340 on the same screen where you started, the cursor goes back to the line | |
5341 where it started. | |
5342 | |
5343 *** If you set scroll-conservatively to a small number, then when you | |
5344 move point a short distance off the screen, Emacs will scroll the | |
5345 screen just far enough to bring point back on screen, provided that | |
5346 does not exceed `scroll-conservatively' lines. | |
5347 | |
5348 *** The new variable scroll-margin says how close point can come to the | |
5349 top or bottom of a window. It is a number of screen lines; if point | |
5350 comes within that many lines of the top or bottom of the window, Emacs | |
5351 recenters the window. | |
5352 | |
5353 ** International character set support (MULE) | |
5354 | |
5355 Emacs now supports a wide variety of international character sets, | |
5356 including European variants of the Latin alphabet, as well as Chinese, | |
5357 Devanagari (Hindi and Marathi), Ethiopian, Greek, IPA, Japanese, | |
5358 Korean, Lao, Russian, Thai, Tibetan, and Vietnamese scripts. These | |
5359 features have been merged from the modified version of Emacs known as | |
5360 MULE (for "MULti-lingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs") | |
5361 | |
5362 Users of these scripts have established many more-or-less standard | |
5363 coding systems for storing files. Emacs uses a single multibyte | |
5364 character encoding within Emacs buffers; it can translate from a wide | |
5365 variety of coding systems when reading a file and can translate back | |
5366 into any of these coding systems when saving a file. | |
5367 | |
5368 Keyboards, even in the countries where these character sets are used, | |
5369 generally don't have keys for all the characters in them. So Emacs | |
5370 supports various "input methods", typically one for each script or | |
5371 language, to make it possible to type them. | |
5372 | |
5373 The Emacs internal multibyte encoding represents a non-ASCII | |
5374 character as a sequence of bytes in the range 0200 through 0377. | |
5375 | |
5376 The new prefix key C-x RET is used for commands that pertain | |
5377 to multibyte characters, coding systems, and input methods. | |
5378 | |
5379 You can disable multibyte character support as follows: | |
5380 | |
5381 (setq-default enable-multibyte-characters nil) | |
5382 | |
5383 Calling the function standard-display-european turns off multibyte | |
5384 characters, unless you specify a non-nil value for the second | |
5385 argument, AUTO. This provides compatibility for people who are | |
5386 already using standard-display-european to continue using unibyte | |
5387 characters for their work until they want to change. | |
5388 | |
5389 *** Input methods | |
5390 | |
5391 An input method is a kind of character conversion which is designed | |
5392 specifically for interactive input. In Emacs, typically each language | |
5393 has its own input method (though sometimes several languages which use | |
5394 the same characters can share one input method). Some languages | |
5395 support several input methods. | |
5396 | |
5397 The simplest kind of input method works by mapping ASCII letters into | |
5398 another alphabet. This is how the Greek and Russian input methods | |
5399 work. | |
5400 | |
5401 A more powerful technique is composition: converting sequences of | |
5402 characters into one letter. Many European input methods use | |
5403 composition to produce a single non-ASCII letter from a sequence which | |
5404 consists of a letter followed by diacritics. For example, a' is one | |
5405 sequence of two characters that might be converted into a single | |
5406 letter. | |
5407 | |
5408 The input methods for syllabic scripts typically use mapping followed | |
5409 by conversion. The input methods for Thai and Korean work this way. | |
5410 First, letters are mapped into symbols for particular sounds or tone | |
5411 marks; then, sequences of these which make up a whole syllable are | |
5412 mapped into one syllable sign--most often a "composite character". | |
5413 | |
5414 None of these methods works very well for Chinese and Japanese, so | |
5415 they are handled specially. First you input a whole word using | |
5416 phonetic spelling; then, after the word is in the buffer, Emacs | |
5417 converts it into one or more characters using a large dictionary. | |
5418 | |
5419 Since there is more than one way to represent a phonetically spelled | |
5420 word using Chinese characters, Emacs can only guess which one to use; | |
5421 typically these input methods give you a way to say "guess again" if | |
5422 the first guess is wrong. | |
5423 | |
5424 *** The command C-x RET m (toggle-enable-multibyte-characters) | |
5425 turns multibyte character support on or off for the current buffer. | |
5426 | |
5427 If multibyte character support is turned off in a buffer, then each | |
5428 byte is a single character, even codes 0200 through 0377--exactly as | |
5429 they did in Emacs 19.34. This includes the features for support for | |
5430 the European characters, ISO Latin-1 and ISO Latin-2. | |
5431 | |
5432 However, there is no need to turn off multibyte character support to | |
5433 use ISO Latin-1 or ISO Latin-2; the Emacs multibyte character set | |
5434 includes all the characters in these character sets, and Emacs can | |
5435 translate automatically to and from either one. | |
5436 | |
5437 *** Visiting a file in unibyte mode. | |
5438 | |
5439 Turning off multibyte character support in the buffer after visiting a | |
5440 file with multibyte code conversion will display the multibyte | |
5441 sequences already in the buffer, byte by byte. This is probably not | |
5442 what you want. | |
5443 | |
5444 If you want to edit a file of unibyte characters (Latin-1, for | |
5445 example), you can do it by specifying `no-conversion' as the coding | |
5446 system when reading the file. This coding system also turns off | |
5447 multibyte characters in that buffer. | |
5448 | |
5449 If you turn off multibyte character support entirely, this turns off | |
5450 character conversion as well. | |
5451 | |
5452 *** Displaying international characters on X Windows. | |
5453 | |
5454 A font for X typically displays just one alphabet or script. | |
5455 Therefore, displaying the entire range of characters Emacs supports | |
5456 requires using many fonts. | |
5457 | |
5458 Therefore, Emacs now supports "fontsets". Each fontset is a | |
5459 collection of fonts, each assigned to a range of character codes. | |
5460 | |
5461 A fontset has a name, like a font. Individual fonts are defined by | |
5462 the X server; fontsets are defined within Emacs itself. But once you | |
5463 have defined a fontset, you can use it in a face or a frame just as | |
5464 you would use a font. | |
5465 | |
5466 If a fontset specifies no font for a certain character, or if it | |
5467 specifies a font that does not exist on your system, then it cannot | |
5468 display that character. It will display an empty box instead. | |
5469 | |
5470 The fontset height and width are determined by the ASCII characters | |
5471 (that is, by the font in the fontset which is used for ASCII | |
5472 characters). If another font in the fontset has a different height, | |
5473 or the wrong width, then characters assigned to that font are clipped, | |
5474 and displayed within a box if highlight-wrong-size-font is non-nil. | |
5475 | |
5476 *** Defining fontsets. | |
5477 | |
5478 Emacs does not use any fontset by default. Its default font is still | |
5479 chosen as in previous versions. You can tell Emacs to use a fontset | |
5480 with the `-fn' option or the `Font' X resource. | |
5481 | |
5482 Emacs creates a standard fontset automatically according to the value | |
5483 of standard-fontset-spec. This fontset's short name is | |
5484 `fontset-standard'. Bold, italic, and bold-italic variants of the | |
5485 standard fontset are created automatically. | |
5486 | |
5487 If you specify a default ASCII font with the `Font' resource or `-fn' | |
5488 argument, a fontset is generated from it. This works by replacing the | |
5489 FOUNDARY, FAMILY, ADD_STYLE, and AVERAGE_WIDTH fields of the font name | |
5490 with `*' then using this to specify a fontset. This fontset's short | |
5491 name is `fontset-startup'. | |
5492 | |
5493 Emacs checks resources of the form Fontset-N where N is 0, 1, 2... | |
5494 The resource value should have this form: | |
5495 FONTSET-NAME, [CHARSET-NAME:FONT-NAME]... | |
5496 FONTSET-NAME should have the form of a standard X font name, except: | |
5497 * most fields should be just the wild card "*". | |
5498 * the CHARSET_REGISTRY field should be "fontset" | |
5499 * the CHARSET_ENCODING field can be any nickname of the fontset. | |
5500 The construct CHARSET-NAME:FONT-NAME can be repeated any number | |
5501 of times; each time specifies the font for one character set. | |
5502 CHARSET-NAME should be the name name of a character set, and | |
5503 FONT-NAME should specify an actual font to use for that character set. | |
5504 | |
5505 Each of these fontsets has an alias which is made from the | |
5506 last two font name fields, CHARSET_REGISTRY and CHARSET_ENCODING. | |
5507 You can refer to the fontset by that alias or by its full name. | |
5508 | |
5509 For any character sets that you don't mention, Emacs tries to choose a | |
5510 font by substituting into FONTSET-NAME. For instance, with the | |
5511 following resource, | |
5512 Emacs*Fontset-0: -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24 | |
5513 the font for ASCII is generated as below: | |
5514 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-ISO8859-1 | |
5515 Here is the substitution rule: | |
5516 Change CHARSET_REGISTRY and CHARSET_ENCODING to that of the charset | |
5517 defined in the variable x-charset-registries. For instance, ASCII has | |
5518 the entry (ascii . "ISO8859-1") in this variable. Then, reduce | |
5519 sequences of wild cards -*-...-*- with a single wildcard -*-. | |
5520 (This is to prevent use of auto-scaled fonts.) | |
5521 | |
5522 The function which processes the fontset resource value to create the | |
5523 fontset is called create-fontset-from-fontset-spec. You can also call | |
5524 that function explicitly to create a fontset. | |
5525 | |
5526 With the X resource Emacs.Font, you can specify a fontset name just | |
5527 like an actual font name. But be careful not to specify a fontset | |
5528 name in a wildcard resource like Emacs*Font--that tries to specify the | |
5529 fontset for other purposes including menus, and they cannot handle | |
5530 fontsets. | |
5531 | |
5532 *** The command M-x set-language-environment sets certain global Emacs | |
5533 defaults for a particular choice of language. | |
5534 | |
5535 Selecting a language environment typically specifies a default input | |
5536 method and which coding systems to recognize automatically when | |
5537 visiting files. However, it does not try to reread files you have | |
5538 already visited; the text in those buffers is not affected. The | |
5539 language environment may also specify a default choice of coding | |
5540 system for new files that you create. | |
5541 | |
5542 It makes no difference which buffer is current when you use | |
5543 set-language-environment, because these defaults apply globally to the | |
5544 whole Emacs session. | |
5545 | |
5546 For example, M-x set-language-environment RET Latin-1 RET | |
5547 chooses the Latin-1 character set. In the .emacs file, you can do this | |
5548 with (set-language-environment "Latin-1"). | |
5549 | |
5550 *** The command C-x RET f (set-buffer-file-coding-system) | |
5551 specifies the file coding system for the current buffer. This | |
5552 specifies what sort of character code translation to do when saving | |
5553 the file. As an argument, you must specify the name of one of the | |
5554 coding systems that Emacs supports. | |
5555 | |
5556 *** The command C-x RET c (universal-coding-system-argument) | |
5557 lets you specify a coding system when you read or write a file. | |
5558 This command uses the minibuffer to read a coding system name. | |
5559 After you exit the minibuffer, the specified coding system | |
5560 is used for *the immediately following command*. | |
5561 | |
5562 So if the immediately following command is a command to read or | |
5563 write a file, it uses the specified coding system for that file. | |
5564 | |
5565 If the immediately following command does not use the coding system, | |
5566 then C-x RET c ultimately has no effect. | |
5567 | |
5568 For example, C-x RET c iso-8859-1 RET C-x C-f temp RET | |
5569 visits the file `temp' treating it as ISO Latin-1. | |
5570 | |
5571 *** You can specify the coding system for a file using the -*- | |
5572 construct. Include `coding: CODINGSYSTEM;' inside the -*-...-*- | |
5573 to specify use of coding system CODINGSYSTEM. You can also | |
5574 specify the coding system in a local variable list at the end | |
5575 of the file. | |
5576 | |
5577 *** The command C-x RET t (set-terminal-coding-system) specifies | |
5578 the coding system for terminal output. If you specify a character | |
5579 code for terminal output, all characters output to the terminal are | |
5580 translated into that character code. | |
5581 | |
5582 This feature is useful for certain character-only terminals built in | |
5583 various countries to support the languages of those countries. | |
5584 | |
5585 By default, output to the terminal is not translated at all. | |
5586 | |
5587 *** The command C-x RET k (set-keyboard-coding-system) specifies | |
5588 the coding system for keyboard input. | |
5589 | |
5590 Character code translation of keyboard input is useful for terminals | |
5591 with keys that send non-ASCII graphic characters--for example, | |
5592 some terminals designed for ISO Latin-1 or subsets of it. | |
5593 | |
5594 By default, keyboard input is not translated at all. | |
5595 | |
5596 Character code translation of keyboard input is similar to using an | |
5597 input method, in that both define sequences of keyboard input that | |
5598 translate into single characters. However, input methods are designed | |
5599 to be convenient for interactive use, while the code translations are | |
5600 designed to work with terminals. | |
5601 | |
5602 *** The command C-x RET p (set-buffer-process-coding-system) | |
5603 specifies the coding system for input and output to a subprocess. | |
5604 This command applies to the current buffer; normally, each subprocess | |
5605 has its own buffer, and thus you can use this command to specify | |
5606 translation to and from a particular subprocess by giving the command | |
5607 in the corresponding buffer. | |
5608 | |
5609 By default, process input and output are not translated at all. | |
5610 | |
5611 *** The variable file-name-coding-system specifies the coding system | |
5612 to use for encoding file names before operating on them. | |
5613 It is also used for decoding file names obtained from the system. | |
5614 | |
5615 *** The command C-\ (toggle-input-method) activates or deactivates | |
5616 an input method. If no input method has been selected before, the | |
5617 command prompts for you to specify the language and input method you | |
5618 want to use. | |
5619 | |
5620 C-u C-\ (select-input-method) lets you switch to a different input | |
5621 method. C-h C-\ (or C-h I) describes the current input method. | |
5622 | |
5623 *** Some input methods remap the keyboard to emulate various keyboard | |
5624 layouts commonly used for particular scripts. How to do this | |
5625 remapping properly depends on your actual keyboard layout. To specify | |
5626 which layout your keyboard has, use M-x quail-set-keyboard-layout. | |
5627 | |
5628 *** The command C-h C (describe-coding-system) displays | |
5629 the coding systems currently selected for various purposes, plus | |
5630 related information. | |
5631 | |
5632 *** The command C-h h (view-hello-file) displays a file called | |
5633 HELLO, which has examples of text in many languages, using various | |
5634 scripts. | |
5635 | |
5636 *** The command C-h L (describe-language-support) displays | |
5637 information about the support for a particular language. | |
5638 You specify the language as an argument. | |
5639 | |
5640 *** The mode line now contains a letter or character that identifies | |
5641 the coding system used in the visited file. It normally follows the | |
5642 first dash. | |
5643 | |
5644 A dash indicates the default state of affairs: no code conversion | |
5645 (except CRLF => newline if appropriate). `=' means no conversion | |
5646 whatsoever. The ISO 8859 coding systems are represented by digits | |
5647 1 through 9. Other coding systems are represented by letters: | |
5648 | |
5649 A alternativnyj (Russian) | |
5650 B big5 (Chinese) | |
5651 C cn-gb-2312 (Chinese) | |
5652 C iso-2022-cn (Chinese) | |
5653 D in-is13194-devanagari (Indian languages) | |
5654 E euc-japan (Japanese) | |
5655 I iso-2022-cjk or iso-2022-ss2 (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) | |
5656 J junet (iso-2022-7) or old-jis (iso-2022-jp-1978-irv) (Japanese) | |
5657 K euc-korea (Korean) | |
5658 R koi8 (Russian) | |
5659 Q tibetan | |
5660 S shift_jis (Japanese) | |
5661 T lao | |
5662 T tis620 (Thai) | |
5663 V viscii or vscii (Vietnamese) | |
5664 i iso-2022-lock (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) | |
5665 k iso-2022-kr (Korean) | |
5666 v viqr (Vietnamese) | |
5667 z hz (Chinese) | |
5668 | |
5669 When you are using a character-only terminal (not a window system), | |
5670 two additional characters appear in between the dash and the file | |
5671 coding system. These two characters describe the coding system for | |
5672 keyboard input, and the coding system for terminal output. | |
5673 | |
5674 *** The new variable rmail-file-coding-system specifies the code | |
5675 conversion to use for RMAIL files. The default value is nil. | |
5676 | |
5677 When you read mail with Rmail, each message is decoded automatically | |
5678 into Emacs' internal format. This has nothing to do with | |
5679 rmail-file-coding-system. That variable controls reading and writing | |
5680 Rmail files themselves. | |
5681 | |
5682 *** The new variable sendmail-coding-system specifies the code | |
5683 conversion for outgoing mail. The default value is nil. | |
5684 | |
5685 Actually, there are three different ways of specifying the coding system | |
5686 for sending mail: | |
5687 | |
5688 - If you use C-x RET f in the mail buffer, that takes priority. | |
5689 - Otherwise, if you set sendmail-coding-system non-nil, that specifies it. | |
5690 - Otherwise, the default coding system for new files is used, | |
5691 if that is non-nil. That comes from your language environment. | |
5692 - Otherwise, Latin-1 is used. | |
5693 | |
5694 *** The command C-h t (help-with-tutorial) accepts a prefix argument | |
5695 to specify the language for the tutorial file. Currently, English, | |
5696 Japanese, Korean and Thai are supported. We welcome additional | |
5697 translations. | |
5698 | |
5699 ** An easy new way to visit a file with no code or format conversion | |
5700 of any kind: Use M-x find-file-literally. There is also a command | |
5701 insert-file-literally which inserts a file into the current buffer | |
5702 without any conversion. | |
5703 | |
5704 ** C-q's handling of octal character codes is changed. | |
5705 You can now specify any number of octal digits. | |
5706 RET terminates the digits and is discarded; | |
5707 any other non-digit terminates the digits and is then used as input. | |
5708 | |
5709 ** There are new commands for looking up Info documentation for | |
5710 functions, variables and file names used in your programs. | |
5711 | |
5712 Type M-x info-lookup-symbol to look up a symbol in the buffer at point. | |
5713 Type M-x info-lookup-file to look up a file in the buffer at point. | |
5714 | |
5715 Precisely which Info files are used to look it up depends on the major | |
5716 mode. For example, in C mode, the GNU libc manual is used. | |
5717 | |
5718 ** M-TAB in most programming language modes now runs the command | |
5719 complete-symbol. This command performs completion on the symbol name | |
5720 in the buffer before point. | |
5721 | |
5722 With a numeric argument, it performs completion based on the set of | |
5723 symbols documented in the Info files for the programming language that | |
5724 you are using. | |
5725 | |
5726 With no argument, it does completion based on the current tags tables, | |
5727 just like the old binding of M-TAB (complete-tag). | |
5728 | |
5729 ** File locking works with NFS now. | |
5730 | |
5731 The lock file for FILENAME is now a symbolic link named .#FILENAME, | |
5732 in the same directory as FILENAME. | |
5733 | |
5734 This means that collision detection between two different machines now | |
5735 works reasonably well; it also means that no file server or directory | |
5736 can become a bottleneck. | |
5737 | |
5738 The new method does have drawbacks. It means that collision detection | |
5739 does not operate when you edit a file in a directory where you cannot | |
5740 create new files. Collision detection also doesn't operate when the | |
5741 file server does not support symbolic links. But these conditions are | |
5742 rare, and the ability to have collision detection while using NFS is | |
5743 so useful that the change is worth while. | |
5744 | |
5745 When Emacs or a system crashes, this may leave behind lock files which | |
5746 are stale. So you may occasionally get warnings about spurious | |
5747 collisions. When you determine that the collision is spurious, just | |
5748 tell Emacs to go ahead anyway. | |
5749 | |
5750 ** If you wish to use Show Paren mode to display matching parentheses, | |
5751 it is no longer sufficient to load paren.el. Instead you must call | |
5752 show-paren-mode. | |
5753 | |
5754 ** If you wish to use Delete Selection mode to replace a highlighted | |
5755 selection when you insert new text, it is no longer sufficient to load | |
5756 delsel.el. Instead you must call the function delete-selection-mode. | |
5757 | |
5758 ** If you wish to use Partial Completion mode to complete partial words | |
5759 within symbols or filenames, it is no longer sufficient to load | |
5760 complete.el. Instead you must call the function partial-completion-mode. | |
5761 | |
5762 ** If you wish to use uniquify to rename buffers for you, | |
5763 it is no longer sufficient to load uniquify.el. You must also | |
5764 set uniquify-buffer-name-style to one of the non-nil legitimate values. | |
5765 | |
5766 ** Changes in View mode. | |
5767 | |
5768 *** Several new commands are available in View mode. | |
5769 Do H in view mode for a list of commands. | |
5770 | |
5771 *** There are two new commands for entering View mode: | |
5772 view-file-other-frame and view-buffer-other-frame. | |
5773 | |
5774 *** Exiting View mode does a better job of restoring windows to their | |
5775 previous state. | |
5776 | |
5777 *** New customization variable view-scroll-auto-exit. If non-nil, | |
5778 scrolling past end of buffer makes view mode exit. | |
5779 | |
5780 *** New customization variable view-exits-all-viewing-windows. If | |
5781 non-nil, view-mode will at exit restore all windows viewing buffer, | |
5782 not just the selected window. | |
5783 | |
5784 *** New customization variable view-read-only. If non-nil, visiting a | |
5785 read-only file automatically enters View mode, and toggle-read-only | |
5786 turns View mode on or off. | |
5787 | |
5788 *** New customization variable view-remove-frame-by-deleting controls | |
5789 how to remove a not needed frame at view mode exit. If non-nil, | |
5790 delete the frame, if nil make an icon of it. | |
5791 | |
5792 ** C-x v l, the command to print a file's version control log, | |
5793 now positions point at the entry for the file's current branch version. | |
5794 | |
5795 ** C-x v =, the command to compare a file with the last checked-in version, | |
5796 has a new feature. If the file is currently not locked, so that it is | |
5797 presumably identical to the last checked-in version, the command now asks | |
5798 which version to compare with. | |
5799 | |
5800 ** When using hideshow.el, incremental search can temporarily show hidden | |
5801 blocks if a match is inside the block. | |
5802 | |
5803 The block is hidden again if the search is continued and the next match | |
5804 is outside the block. By customizing the variable | |
5805 isearch-hide-immediately you can choose to hide all the temporarily | |
5806 shown blocks only when exiting from incremental search. | |
5807 | |
5808 By customizing the variable hs-isearch-open you can choose what kind | |
5809 of blocks to temporarily show during isearch: comment blocks, code | |
5810 blocks, all of them or none. | |
5811 | |
5812 ** The new command C-x 4 0 (kill-buffer-and-window) kills the | |
5813 current buffer and deletes the selected window. It asks for | |
5814 confirmation first. | |
5815 | |
5816 ** C-x C-w, which saves the buffer into a specified file name, | |
5817 now changes the major mode according to that file name. | |
5818 However, the mode will not be changed if | |
5819 (1) a local variables list or the `-*-' line specifies a major mode, or | |
5820 (2) the current major mode is a "special" mode, | |
5821 not suitable for ordinary files, or | |
5822 (3) the new file name does not particularly specify any mode. | |
5823 | |
5824 This applies to M-x set-visited-file-name as well. | |
5825 | |
5826 However, if you set change-major-mode-with-file-name to nil, then | |
5827 these commands do not change the major mode. | |
5828 | |
5829 ** M-x occur changes. | |
5830 | |
5831 *** If the argument to M-x occur contains upper case letters, | |
5832 it performs a case-sensitive search. | |
5833 | |
5834 *** In the *Occur* buffer made by M-x occur, | |
5835 if you type g or M-x revert-buffer, this repeats the search | |
5836 using the same regular expression and the same buffer as before. | |
5837 | |
5838 ** In Transient Mark mode, the region in any one buffer is highlighted | |
5839 in just one window at a time. At first, it is highlighted in the | |
5840 window where you set the mark. The buffer's highlighting remains in | |
5841 that window unless you select to another window which shows the same | |
5842 buffer--then the highlighting moves to that window. | |
5843 | |
5844 ** The feature to suggest key bindings when you use M-x now operates | |
5845 after the command finishes. The message suggesting key bindings | |
5846 appears temporarily in the echo area. The previous echo area contents | |
5847 come back after a few seconds, in case they contain useful information. | |
5848 | |
5849 ** Each frame now independently records the order for recently | |
5850 selected buffers, so that the default for C-x b is now based on the | |
5851 buffers recently selected in the selected frame. | |
5852 | |
5853 ** Outline mode changes. | |
5854 | |
5855 *** Outline mode now uses overlays (this is the former noutline.el). | |
5856 | |
5857 *** Incremental searches skip over invisible text in Outline mode. | |
5858 | |
5859 ** When a minibuffer window is active but not the selected window, if | |
5860 you try to use the minibuffer, you used to get a nested minibuffer. | |
5861 Now, this not only gives an error, it also cancels the minibuffer that | |
5862 was already active. | |
5863 | |
5864 The motive for this change is so that beginning users do not | |
5865 unknowingly move away from minibuffers, leaving them active, and then | |
5866 get confused by it. | |
5867 | |
5868 If you want to be able to have recursive minibuffers, you must | |
5869 set enable-recursive-minibuffers to non-nil. | |
5870 | |
5871 ** Changes in dynamic abbrevs. | |
5872 | |
5873 *** Expanding dynamic abbrevs with M-/ is now smarter about case | |
5874 conversion. If the expansion has mixed case not counting the first | |
5875 character, and the abbreviation matches the beginning of the expansion | |
5876 including case, then the expansion is copied verbatim. | |
5877 | |
5878 The expansion is also copied verbatim if the abbreviation itself has | |
5879 mixed case. And using SPC M-/ to copy an additional word always | |
5880 copies it verbatim except when the previous copied word is all caps. | |
5881 | |
5882 *** The values of `dabbrev-case-replace' and `dabbrev-case-fold-search' | |
5883 are no longer Lisp expressions. They have simply three possible | |
5884 values. | |
5885 | |
5886 `dabbrev-case-replace' has these three values: nil (don't preserve | |
5887 case), t (do), or `case-replace' (do like M-x query-replace). | |
5888 `dabbrev-case-fold-search' has these three values: nil (don't ignore | |
5889 case), t (do), or `case-fold-search' (do like search). | |
5890 | |
5891 ** Minibuffer history lists are truncated automatically now to a | |
5892 certain length. The variable history-length specifies how long they | |
5893 can be. The default value is 30. | |
5894 | |
5895 ** Changes in Mail mode. | |
5896 | |
5897 *** The key C-x m no longer runs the `mail' command directly. | |
5898 Instead, it runs the command `compose-mail', which invokes the mail | |
5899 composition mechanism you have selected with the variable | |
5900 `mail-user-agent'. The default choice of user agent is | |
5901 `sendmail-user-agent', which gives behavior compatible with the old | |
5902 behavior. | |
5903 | |
5904 C-x 4 m now runs compose-mail-other-window, and C-x 5 m runs | |
5905 compose-mail-other-frame. | |
5906 | |
5907 *** While composing a reply to a mail message, from Rmail, you can use | |
5908 the command C-c C-r to cite just the region from the message you are | |
5909 replying to. This copies the text which is the selected region in the | |
5910 buffer that shows the original message. | |
5911 | |
5912 *** The command C-c C-i inserts a file at the end of the message, | |
5913 with separator lines around the contents. | |
5914 | |
5915 *** The command M-x expand-mail-aliases expands all mail aliases | |
5916 in suitable mail headers. Emacs automatically extracts mail alias | |
5917 definitions from your mail alias file (e.g., ~/.mailrc). You do not | |
5918 need to expand mail aliases yourself before sending mail. | |
5919 | |
5920 *** New features in the mail-complete command. | |
5921 | |
5922 **** The mail-complete command now inserts the user's full name, | |
5923 for local users or if that is known. The variable mail-complete-style | |
5924 controls the style to use, and whether to do this at all. | |
5925 Its values are like those of mail-from-style. | |
5926 | |
5927 **** The variable mail-passwd-command lets you specify a shell command | |
5928 to run to fetch a set of password-entries that add to the ones in | |
5929 /etc/passwd. | |
5930 | |
5931 **** The variable mail-passwd-file now specifies a list of files to read | |
5932 to get the list of user ids. By default, one file is used: | |
5933 /etc/passwd. | |
5934 | |
5935 ** You can "quote" a file name to inhibit special significance of | |
5936 special syntax, by adding `/:' to the beginning. Thus, if you have a | |
5937 directory named `/foo:', you can prevent it from being treated as a | |
5938 reference to a remote host named `foo' by writing it as `/:/foo:'. | |
5939 | |
5940 Emacs uses this new construct automatically when necessary, such as | |
5941 when you start it with a working directory whose name might otherwise | |
5942 be taken to be magic. | |
5943 | |
5944 ** There is a new command M-x grep-find which uses find to select | |
5945 files to search through, and grep to scan them. The output is | |
5946 available in a Compile mode buffer, as with M-x grep. | |
5947 | |
5948 M-x grep now uses the -e option if the grep program supports that. | |
5949 (-e prevents problems if the search pattern starts with a dash.) | |
5950 | |
5951 ** In Dired, the & command now flags for deletion the files whose names | |
5952 suggest they are probably not needed in the long run. | |
5953 | |
5954 In Dired, * is now a prefix key for mark-related commands. | |
5955 | |
5956 new key dired.el binding old key | |
5957 ------- ---------------- ------- | |
5958 * c dired-change-marks c | |
5959 * m dired-mark m | |
5960 * * dired-mark-executables * (binding deleted) | |
5961 * / dired-mark-directories / (binding deleted) | |
5962 * @ dired-mark-symlinks @ (binding deleted) | |
5963 * u dired-unmark u | |
5964 * DEL dired-unmark-backward DEL | |
5965 * ? dired-unmark-all-files M-C-? | |
5966 * ! dired-unmark-all-marks | |
5967 * % dired-mark-files-regexp % m | |
5968 * C-n dired-next-marked-file M-} | |
5969 * C-p dired-prev-marked-file M-{ | |
5970 | |
5971 ** Rmail changes. | |
5972 | |
5973 *** When Rmail cannot convert your incoming mail into Babyl format, it | |
5974 saves the new mail in the file RMAILOSE.n, where n is an integer | |
5975 chosen to make a unique name. This way, Rmail will not keep crashing | |
5976 each time you run it. | |
5977 | |
5978 *** In Rmail, the variable rmail-summary-line-count-flag now controls | |
5979 whether to include the line count in the summary. Non-nil means yes. | |
5980 | |
5981 *** In Rmail summary buffers, d and C-d (the commands to delete | |
5982 messages) now take repeat counts as arguments. A negative argument | |
5983 means to move in the opposite direction. | |
5984 | |
5985 *** In Rmail, the t command now takes an optional argument which lets | |
5986 you specify whether to show the message headers in full or pruned. | |
5987 | |
5988 *** In Rmail, the new command w (rmail-output-body-to-file) writes | |
5989 just the body of the current message into a file, without the headers. | |
5990 It takes the file name from the message subject, by default, but you | |
5991 can edit that file name in the minibuffer before it is actually used | |
5992 for output. | |
5993 | |
5994 ** Gnus changes. | |
5995 | |
5996 *** nntp.el has been totally rewritten in an asynchronous fashion. | |
5997 | |
5998 *** Article prefetching functionality has been moved up into | |
5999 Gnus. | |
6000 | |
6001 *** Scoring can now be performed with logical operators like | |
6002 `and', `or', `not', and parent redirection. | |
6003 | |
6004 *** Article washing status can be displayed in the | |
6005 article mode line. | |
6006 | |
6007 *** gnus.el has been split into many smaller files. | |
6008 | |
6009 *** Suppression of duplicate articles based on Message-ID. | |
6010 | |
6011 (setq gnus-suppress-duplicates t) | |
6012 | |
6013 *** New variables for specifying what score and adapt files | |
6014 are to be considered home score and adapt files. See | |
6015 `gnus-home-score-file' and `gnus-home-adapt-files'. | |
6016 | |
6017 *** Groups can inherit group parameters from parent topics. | |
6018 | |
6019 *** Article editing has been revamped and is now usable. | |
6020 | |
6021 *** Signatures can be recognized in more intelligent fashions. | |
6022 See `gnus-signature-separator' and `gnus-signature-limit'. | |
6023 | |
6024 *** Summary pick mode has been made to look more nn-like. | |
6025 Line numbers are displayed and the `.' command can be | |
6026 used to pick articles. | |
6027 | |
6028 *** Commands for moving the .newsrc.eld from one server to | |
6029 another have been added. | |
6030 | |
6031 `M-x gnus-change-server' | |
6032 | |
6033 *** A way to specify that "uninteresting" fields be suppressed when | |
6034 generating lines in buffers. | |
6035 | |
6036 *** Several commands in the group buffer can be undone with | |
6037 `M-C-_'. | |
6038 | |
6039 *** Scoring can be done on words using the new score type `w'. | |
6040 | |
6041 *** Adaptive scoring can be done on a Subject word-by-word basis: | |
6042 | |
6043 (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring '(word)) | |
6044 | |
6045 *** Scores can be decayed. | |
6046 | |
6047 (setq gnus-decay-scores t) | |
6048 | |
6049 *** Scoring can be performed using a regexp on the Date header. The | |
6050 Date is normalized to compact ISO 8601 format first. | |
6051 | |
6052 *** A new command has been added to remove all data on articles from | |
6053 the native server. | |
6054 | |
6055 `M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups' | |
6056 | |
6057 *** A new command for reading collections of documents | |
6058 (nndoc with nnvirtual on top) has been added -- `M-C-d'. | |
6059 | |
6060 *** Process mark sets can be pushed and popped. | |
6061 | |
6062 *** A new mail-to-news backend makes it possible to post | |
6063 even when the NNTP server doesn't allow posting. | |
6064 | |
6065 *** A new backend for reading searches from Web search engines | |
6066 (DejaNews, Alta Vista, InReference) has been added. | |
6067 | |
6068 Use the `G w' command in the group buffer to create such | |
6069 a group. | |
6070 | |
6071 *** Groups inside topics can now be sorted using the standard | |
6072 sorting functions, and each topic can be sorted independently. | |
6073 | |
6074 See the commands under the `T S' submap. | |
6075 | |
6076 *** Subsets of the groups can be sorted independently. | |
6077 | |
6078 See the commands under the `G P' submap. | |
6079 | |
6080 *** Cached articles can be pulled into the groups. | |
6081 | |
6082 Use the `Y c' command. | |
6083 | |
6084 *** Score files are now applied in a more reliable order. | |
6085 | |
6086 *** Reports on where mail messages end up can be generated. | |
6087 | |
6088 `M-x nnmail-split-history' | |
6089 | |
6090 *** More hooks and functions have been added to remove junk | |
6091 from incoming mail before saving the mail. | |
6092 | |
6093 See `nnmail-prepare-incoming-header-hook'. | |
6094 | |
6095 *** The nnml mail backend now understands compressed article files. | |
6096 | |
6097 *** To enable Gnus to read/post multi-lingual articles, you must execute | |
6098 the following code, for instance, in your .emacs. | |
6099 | |
6100 (add-hook 'gnus-startup-hook 'gnus-mule-initialize) | |
6101 | |
6102 Then, when you start Gnus, it will decode non-ASCII text automatically | |
6103 and show appropriate characters. (Note: if you are using gnus-mime | |
6104 from the SEMI package, formerly known as TM, you should NOT add this | |
6105 hook to gnus-startup-hook; gnus-mime has its own method of handling | |
6106 this issue.) | |
6107 | |
6108 Since it is impossible to distinguish all coding systems | |
6109 automatically, you may need to specify a choice of coding system for a | |
6110 particular news group. This can be done by: | |
6111 | |
6112 (gnus-mule-add-group NEWSGROUP 'CODING-SYSTEM) | |
6113 | |
6114 Here NEWSGROUP should be a string which names a newsgroup or a tree | |
6115 of newsgroups. If NEWSGROUP is "XXX.YYY", all news groups under | |
6116 "XXX.YYY" (including "XXX.YYY.ZZZ") will use the specified coding | |
6117 system. CODING-SYSTEM specifies which coding system to use (for both | |
6118 for reading and posting). | |
6119 | |
6120 CODING-SYSTEM can also be a cons cell of the form | |
6121 (READ-CODING-SYSTEM . POST-CODING-SYSTEM) | |
6122 Then READ-CODING-SYSTEM is used when you read messages from the | |
6123 newsgroups, while POST-CODING-SYSTEM is used when you post messages | |
6124 there. | |
6125 | |
6126 Emacs knows the right coding systems for certain newsgroups by | |
6127 default. Here are some of these default settings: | |
6128 | |
6129 (gnus-mule-add-group "fj" 'iso-2022-7) | |
6130 (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.chinese.text" 'hz-gb-2312) | |
6131 (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.hk" 'hz-gb-2312) | |
6132 (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.chinese.text.big5" 'cn-big5) | |
6133 (gnus-mule-add-group "soc.culture.vietnamese" '(nil . viqr)) | |
6134 | |
6135 When you reply by mail to an article, these settings are ignored; | |
6136 the mail is encoded according to sendmail-coding-system, as usual. | |
6137 | |
6138 ** CC mode changes. | |
6139 | |
6140 *** If you edit primarily one style of C (or C++, Objective-C, Java) | |
6141 code, you may want to make the CC Mode style variables have global | |
6142 values so that you can set them directly in your .emacs file. To do | |
6143 this, set c-style-variables-are-local-p to nil in your .emacs file. | |
6144 Note that this only takes effect if you do it *before* cc-mode.el is | |
6145 loaded. | |
6146 | |
6147 If you typically edit more than one style of C (or C++, Objective-C, | |
6148 Java) code in a single Emacs session, you may want to make the CC Mode | |
6149 style variables have buffer local values. By default, all buffers | |
6150 share the same style variable settings; to make them buffer local, set | |
6151 c-style-variables-are-local-p to t in your .emacs file. Note that you | |
6152 must do this *before* CC Mode is loaded. | |
6153 | |
6154 *** The new variable c-indentation-style holds the C style name | |
6155 of the current buffer. | |
6156 | |
6157 *** The variable c-block-comments-indent-p has been deleted, because | |
6158 it is no longer necessary. C mode now handles all the supported styles | |
6159 of block comments, with no need to say which one you will use. | |
6160 | |
6161 *** There is a new indentation style "python", which specifies the C | |
6162 style that the Python developers like. | |
6163 | |
6164 *** There is a new c-cleanup-list option: brace-elseif-brace. | |
6165 This says to put ...} else if (...) {... on one line, | |
6166 just as brace-else-brace says to put ...} else {... on one line. | |
6167 | |
6168 ** VC Changes [new] | |
6169 | |
6170 ** In vc-retrieve-snapshot (C-x v r), if you don't specify a snapshot | |
6171 name, it retrieves the *latest* versions of all files in the current | |
6172 directory and its subdirectories (aside from files already locked). | |
6173 | |
6174 This feature is useful if your RCS directory is a link to a common | |
6175 master directory, and you want to pick up changes made by other | |
6176 developers. | |
6177 | |
6178 You can do the same thing for an individual file by typing C-u C-x C-q | |
6179 RET in a buffer visiting that file. | |
6180 | |
6181 *** VC can now handle files under CVS that are being "watched" by | |
6182 other developers. Such files are made read-only by CVS. To get a | |
6183 writable copy, type C-x C-q in a buffer visiting such a file. VC then | |
6184 calls "cvs edit", which notifies the other developers of it. | |
6185 | |
6186 *** vc-version-diff (C-u C-x v =) now suggests reasonable defaults for | |
6187 version numbers, based on the current state of the file. | |
6188 | |
6189 ** Calendar changes. | |
6190 | |
6191 A new function, list-holidays, allows you list holidays or subclasses | |
6192 of holidays for ranges of years. Related menu items allow you do this | |
6193 for the year of the selected date, or the following/previous years. | |
6194 | |
6195 ** ps-print changes | |
6196 | |
6197 There are some new user variables for customizing the page layout. | |
6198 | |
6199 *** Paper size, paper orientation, columns | |
6200 | |
6201 The variable `ps-paper-type' determines the size of paper ps-print | |
6202 formats for; it should contain one of the symbols: | |
6203 `a4' `a3' `letter' `legal' `letter-small' `tabloid' | |
6204 `ledger' `statement' `executive' `a4small' `b4' `b5' | |
6205 It defaults to `letter'. | |
6206 If you need other sizes, see the variable `ps-page-dimensions-database'. | |
6207 | |
6208 The variable `ps-landscape-mode' determines the orientation | |
6209 of the printing on the page. nil, the default, means "portrait" mode, | |
6210 non-nil means "landscape" mode. | |
6211 | |
6212 The variable `ps-number-of-columns' must be a positive integer. | |
6213 It determines the number of columns both in landscape and portrait mode. | |
6214 It defaults to 1. | |
6215 | |
6216 *** Horizontal layout | |
6217 | |
6218 The horizontal layout is determined by the variables | |
6219 `ps-left-margin', `ps-inter-column', and `ps-right-margin'. | |
6220 All are measured in points. | |
6221 | |
6222 *** Vertical layout | |
6223 | |
6224 The vertical layout is determined by the variables | |
6225 `ps-bottom-margin', `ps-top-margin', and `ps-header-offset'. | |
6226 All are measured in points. | |
6227 | |
6228 *** Headers | |
6229 | |
6230 If the variable `ps-print-header' is nil, no header is printed. Then | |
6231 `ps-header-offset' is not relevant and `ps-top-margin' represents the | |
6232 margin above the text. | |
6233 | |
6234 If the variable `ps-print-header-frame' is non-nil, a gaudy | |
6235 framing box is printed around the header. | |
6236 | |
6237 The contents of the header are determined by `ps-header-lines', | |
6238 `ps-show-n-of-n', `ps-left-header' and `ps-right-header'. | |
6239 | |
6240 The height of the header is determined by `ps-header-line-pad', | |
6241 `ps-header-font-family', `ps-header-title-font-size' and | |
6242 `ps-header-font-size'. | |
6243 | |
6244 *** Font managing | |
6245 | |
6246 The variable `ps-font-family' determines which font family is to be | |
6247 used for ordinary text. Its value must be a key symbol in the alist | |
6248 `ps-font-info-database'. You can add other font families by adding | |
6249 elements to this alist. | |
6250 | |
6251 The variable `ps-font-size' determines the size of the font | |
6252 for ordinary text. It defaults to 8.5 points. | |
6253 | |
6254 ** hideshow changes. | |
6255 | |
6256 *** now supports hiding of blocks of single line comments (like // for | |
6257 C++, ; for lisp). | |
6258 | |
6259 *** Support for java-mode added. | |
6260 | |
6261 *** When doing `hs-hide-all' it is now possible to also hide the comments | |
6262 in the file if `hs-hide-comments-when-hiding-all' is set. | |
6263 | |
6264 *** The new function `hs-hide-initial-comment' hides the the comments at | |
6265 the beginning of the files. Finally those huge RCS logs don't stay in your | |
6266 way! This is run by default when entering the `hs-minor-mode'. | |
6267 | |
6268 *** Now uses overlays instead of `selective-display', so is more | |
6269 robust and a lot faster. | |
6270 | |
6271 *** A block beginning can span multiple lines. | |
6272 | |
6273 *** The new variable `hs-show-hidden-short-form' if t, directs hideshow | |
6274 to show only the beginning of a block when it is hidden. See the | |
6275 documentation for more details. | |
6276 | |
6277 ** Changes in Enriched mode. | |
6278 | |
6279 *** When you visit a file in enriched-mode, Emacs will make sure it is | |
6280 filled to the current fill-column. This behavior is now independent | |
6281 of the size of the window. When you save the file, the fill-column in | |
6282 use is stored as well, so that the whole buffer need not be refilled | |
6283 the next time unless the fill-column is different. | |
6284 | |
6285 *** use-hard-newlines is now a minor mode. When it is enabled, Emacs | |
6286 distinguishes between hard and soft newlines, and treats hard newlines | |
6287 as paragraph boundaries. Otherwise all newlines inserted are marked | |
6288 as soft, and paragraph boundaries are determined solely from the text. | |
6289 | |
6290 ** Font Lock mode | |
6291 | |
6292 *** Custom support | |
6293 | |
6294 The variables font-lock-face-attributes, font-lock-display-type and | |
6295 font-lock-background-mode are now obsolete; the recommended way to specify the | |
6296 faces to use for Font Lock mode is with M-x customize-group on the new custom | |
6297 group font-lock-highlighting-faces. If you set font-lock-face-attributes in | |
6298 your ~/.emacs file, Font Lock mode will respect its value. However, you should | |
6299 consider converting from setting that variable to using M-x customize. | |
6300 | |
6301 You can still use X resources to specify Font Lock face appearances. | |
6302 | |
6303 *** Maximum decoration | |
6304 | |
6305 Fontification now uses the maximum level of decoration supported by | |
6306 default. Previously, fontification used a mode-specific default level | |
6307 of decoration, which is typically the minimum level of decoration | |
6308 supported. You can set font-lock-maximum-decoration to nil | |
6309 to get the old behavior. | |
6310 | |
6311 *** New support | |
6312 | |
6313 Support is now provided for Java, Objective-C, AWK and SIMULA modes. | |
6314 | |
6315 Note that Font Lock mode can be turned on without knowing exactly what modes | |
6316 support Font Lock mode, via the command global-font-lock-mode. | |
6317 | |
6318 *** Configurable support | |
6319 | |
6320 Support for C, C++, Objective-C and Java can be more easily configured for | |
6321 additional types and classes via the new variables c-font-lock-extra-types, | |
6322 c++-font-lock-extra-types, objc-font-lock-extra-types and, you guessed it, | |
6323 java-font-lock-extra-types. These value of each of these variables should be a | |
6324 list of regexps matching the extra type names. For example, the default value | |
6325 of c-font-lock-extra-types is ("\\sw+_t") which means fontification follows the | |
6326 convention that C type names end in _t. This results in slower fontification. | |
6327 | |
6328 Of course, you can change the variables that specify fontification in whatever | |
6329 way you wish, typically by adding regexps. However, these new variables make | |
6330 it easier to make specific and common changes for the fontification of types. | |
6331 | |
6332 *** Adding highlighting patterns to existing support | |
6333 | |
6334 You can use the new function font-lock-add-keywords to add your own | |
6335 highlighting patterns, such as for project-local or user-specific constructs, | |
6336 for any mode. | |
6337 | |
6338 For example, to highlight `FIXME:' words in C comments, put: | |
6339 | |
6340 (font-lock-add-keywords 'c-mode '(("\\<FIXME:" 0 font-lock-warning-face t))) | |
6341 | |
6342 in your ~/.emacs. | |
6343 | |
6344 *** New faces | |
6345 | |
6346 Font Lock now defines two new faces, font-lock-builtin-face and | |
6347 font-lock-warning-face. These are intended to highlight builtin keywords, | |
6348 distinct from a language's normal keywords, and objects that should be brought | |
6349 to user attention, respectively. Various modes now use these new faces. | |
6350 | |
6351 *** Changes to fast-lock support mode | |
6352 | |
6353 The fast-lock package, one of the two Font Lock support modes, can now process | |
6354 cache files silently. You can use the new variable fast-lock-verbose, in the | |
6355 same way as font-lock-verbose, to control this feature. | |
6356 | |
6357 *** Changes to lazy-lock support mode | |
6358 | |
6359 The lazy-lock package, one of the two Font Lock support modes, can now fontify | |
6360 according to the true syntactic context relative to other lines. You can use | |
6361 the new variable lazy-lock-defer-contextually to control this feature. If | |
6362 non-nil, changes to the buffer will cause subsequent lines in the buffer to be | |
6363 refontified after lazy-lock-defer-time seconds of idle time. If nil, then only | |
6364 the modified lines will be refontified; this is the same as the previous Lazy | |
6365 Lock mode behaviour and the behaviour of Font Lock mode. | |
6366 | |
6367 This feature is useful in modes where strings or comments can span lines. | |
6368 For example, if a string or comment terminating character is deleted, then if | |
6369 this feature is enabled subsequent lines in the buffer will be correctly | |
6370 refontified to reflect their new syntactic context. Previously, only the line | |
6371 containing the deleted character would be refontified and you would have to use | |
6372 the command M-g M-g (font-lock-fontify-block) to refontify some lines. | |
6373 | |
6374 As a consequence of this new feature, two other variables have changed: | |
6375 | |
6376 Variable `lazy-lock-defer-driven' is renamed `lazy-lock-defer-on-scrolling'. | |
6377 Variable `lazy-lock-defer-time' can now only be a time, i.e., a number. | |
6378 Buffer modes for which on-the-fly deferral applies can be specified via the | |
6379 new variable `lazy-lock-defer-on-the-fly'. | |
6380 | |
6381 If you set these variables in your ~/.emacs, then you may have to change those | |
6382 settings. | |
6383 | |
6384 ** Ada mode changes. | |
6385 | |
6386 *** There is now better support for using find-file.el with Ada mode. | |
6387 If you switch between spec and body, the cursor stays in the same | |
6388 procedure (modulo overloading). If a spec has no body file yet, but | |
6389 you try to switch to its body file, Ada mode now generates procedure | |
6390 stubs. | |
6391 | |
6392 *** There are two new commands: | |
6393 - `ada-make-local' : invokes gnatmake on the current buffer | |
6394 - `ada-check-syntax' : check syntax of current buffer. | |
6395 | |
6396 The user options `ada-compiler-make', `ada-make-options', | |
6397 `ada-language-version', `ada-compiler-syntax-check', and | |
6398 `ada-compile-options' are used within these commands. | |
6399 | |
6400 *** Ada mode can now work with Outline minor mode. The outline level | |
6401 is calculated from the indenting, not from syntactic constructs. | |
6402 Outlining does not work if your code is not correctly indented. | |
6403 | |
6404 *** The new function `ada-gnat-style' converts the buffer to the style of | |
6405 formatting used in GNAT. It places two blanks after a comment start, | |
6406 places one blank between a word end and an opening '(', and puts one | |
6407 space between a comma and the beginning of a word. | |
6408 | |
6409 ** Scheme mode changes. | |
6410 | |
6411 *** Scheme mode indentation now uses many of the facilities of Lisp | |
6412 mode; therefore, the variables to customize it are the variables used | |
6413 for Lisp mode which have names starting with `lisp-'. The variables | |
6414 with names starting with `scheme-' which used to do this no longer | |
6415 have any effect. | |
6416 | |
6417 If you want to use different indentation for Scheme and Lisp, this is | |
6418 still possible, but now you must do it by adding a hook to | |
6419 scheme-mode-hook, which could work by setting the `lisp-' indentation | |
6420 variables as buffer-local variables. | |
6421 | |
6422 *** DSSSL mode is a variant of Scheme mode, for editing DSSSL scripts. | |
6423 Use M-x dsssl-mode. | |
6424 | |
6425 ** Changes to the emacsclient program | |
6426 | |
6427 *** If a socket can't be found, and environment variables LOGNAME or | |
6428 USER are set, emacsclient now looks for a socket based on the UID | |
6429 associated with the name. That is an emacsclient running as root | |
6430 can connect to an Emacs server started by a non-root user. | |
6431 | |
6432 *** The emacsclient program now accepts an option --no-wait which tells | |
6433 it to return immediately without waiting for you to "finish" the | |
6434 buffer in Emacs. | |
6435 | |
6436 *** The new option --alternate-editor allows to specify an editor to | |
6437 use if Emacs is not running. The environment variable | |
6438 ALTERNATE_EDITOR can be used for the same effect; the command line | |
6439 option takes precedence. | |
6440 | |
6441 ** M-x eldoc-mode enables a minor mode in which the echo area | |
6442 constantly shows the parameter list for function being called at point | |
6443 (in Emacs Lisp and Lisp Interaction modes only). | |
6444 | |
6445 ** C-x n d now runs the new command narrow-to-defun, | |
6446 which narrows the accessible parts of the buffer to just | |
6447 the current defun. | |
6448 | |
6449 ** Emacs now handles the `--' argument in the standard way; all | |
6450 following arguments are treated as ordinary file names. | |
6451 | |
6452 ** On MSDOS and Windows, the bookmark file is now called _emacs.bmk, | |
6453 and the saved desktop file is now called _emacs.desktop (truncated if | |
6454 necessary). | |
6455 | |
6456 ** When you kill a buffer that visits a file, | |
6457 if there are any registers that save positions in the file, | |
6458 these register values no longer become completely useless. | |
6459 If you try to go to such a register with C-x j, then you are | |
6460 asked whether to visit the file again. If you say yes, | |
6461 it visits the file and then goes to the same position. | |
6462 | |
6463 ** When you visit a file that changes frequently outside Emacs--for | |
6464 example, a log of output from a process that continues to run--it may | |
6465 be useful for Emacs to revert the file without querying you whenever | |
6466 you visit the file afresh with C-x C-f. | |
6467 | |
6468 You can request this behavior for certain files by setting the | |
6469 variable revert-without-query to a list of regular expressions. If a | |
6470 file's name matches any of these regular expressions, find-file and | |
6471 revert-buffer revert the buffer without asking for permission--but | |
6472 only if you have not edited the buffer text yourself. | |
6473 | |
6474 ** set-default-font has been renamed to set-frame-font | |
6475 since it applies only to the current frame. | |
6476 | |
6477 ** In TeX mode, you can use the variable tex-main-file to specify the | |
6478 file for tex-file to run TeX on. (By default, tex-main-file is nil, | |
6479 and tex-file runs TeX on the current visited file.) | |
6480 | |
6481 This is useful when you are editing a document that consists of | |
6482 multiple files. In each of the included files, you can set up a local | |
6483 variable list which specifies the top-level file of your document for | |
6484 tex-main-file. Then tex-file will run TeX on the whole document | |
6485 instead of just the file you are editing. | |
6486 | |
6487 ** RefTeX mode | |
6488 | |
6489 RefTeX mode is a new minor mode with special support for \label, \ref | |
6490 and \cite macros in LaTeX documents. RefTeX distinguishes labels of | |
6491 different environments (equation, figure, ...) and has full support for | |
6492 multifile documents. To use it, select a buffer with a LaTeX document and | |
6493 turn the mode on with M-x reftex-mode. Here are the main user commands: | |
6494 | |
6495 C-c ( reftex-label | |
6496 Creates a label semi-automatically. RefTeX is context sensitive and | |
6497 knows which kind of label is needed. | |
6498 | |
6499 C-c ) reftex-reference | |
6500 Offers in a menu all labels in the document, along with context of the | |
6501 label definition. The selected label is referenced as \ref{LABEL}. | |
6502 | |
6503 C-c [ reftex-citation | |
6504 Prompts for a regular expression and displays a list of matching BibTeX | |
6505 database entries. The selected entry is cited with a \cite{KEY} macro. | |
6506 | |
6507 C-c & reftex-view-crossref | |
6508 Views the cross reference of a \ref or \cite command near point. | |
6509 | |
6510 C-c = reftex-toc | |
6511 Shows a table of contents of the (multifile) document. From there you | |
6512 can quickly jump to every section. | |
6513 | |
6514 Under X, RefTeX installs a "Ref" menu in the menu bar, with additional | |
6515 commands. Press `?' to get help when a prompt mentions this feature. | |
6516 Full documentation and customization examples are in the file | |
6517 reftex.el. You can use the finder to view the file documentation: | |
6518 C-h p --> tex --> reftex.el | |
6519 | |
6520 ** Changes in BibTeX mode. | |
6521 | |
6522 *** Info documentation is now available. | |
6523 | |
6524 *** Don't allow parentheses in string constants anymore. This confused | |
6525 both the BibTeX program and Emacs BibTeX mode. | |
6526 | |
6527 *** Renamed variable bibtex-mode-user-optional-fields to | |
6528 bibtex-user-optional-fields. | |
6529 | |
6530 *** Removed variable bibtex-include-OPTannote | |
6531 (use bibtex-user-optional-fields instead). | |
6532 | |
6533 *** New interactive functions to copy and kill fields and complete | |
6534 entries to the BibTeX kill ring, from where they can be yanked back by | |
6535 appropriate functions. | |
6536 | |
6537 *** New interactive functions for repositioning and marking of | |
6538 entries. They are bound by default to M-C-l and M-C-h. | |
6539 | |
6540 *** New hook bibtex-clean-entry-hook. It is called after entry has | |
6541 been cleaned. | |
6542 | |
6543 *** New variable bibtex-field-delimiters, which replaces variables | |
6544 bibtex-field-{left|right}-delimiter. | |
6545 | |
6546 *** New variable bibtex-entry-delimiters to determine how entries | |
6547 shall be delimited. | |
6548 | |
6549 *** Allow preinitialization of fields. See documentation of | |
6550 bibtex-user-optional-fields, bibtex-entry-field-alist, and | |
6551 bibtex-include-OPTkey for details. | |
6552 | |
6553 *** Book and InBook entries require either an author or an editor | |
6554 field. This is now supported by bibtex.el. Alternative fields are | |
6555 prefixed with `ALT'. | |
6556 | |
6557 *** New variable bibtex-entry-format, which replaces variable | |
6558 bibtex-clean-entry-zap-empty-opts and allows specification of many | |
6559 formatting options performed on cleaning an entry (see variable | |
6560 documentation). | |
6561 | |
6562 *** Even more control on how automatic keys are generated. See | |
6563 documentation of bibtex-generate-autokey for details. Transcriptions | |
6564 for foreign languages other than German are now handled, too. | |
6565 | |
6566 *** New boolean user option bibtex-comma-after-last-field to decide if | |
6567 comma should be inserted at end of last field. | |
6568 | |
6569 *** New boolean user option bibtex-align-at-equal-sign to determine if | |
6570 alignment should be made at left side of field contents or at equal | |
6571 signs. New user options to control entry layout (e.g. indentation). | |
6572 | |
6573 *** New function bibtex-fill-entry to realign entries. | |
6574 | |
6575 *** New function bibtex-reformat to reformat region or buffer. | |
6576 | |
6577 *** New function bibtex-convert-alien to convert a BibTeX database | |
6578 from alien sources. | |
6579 | |
6580 *** New function bibtex-complete-key (similar to bibtex-complete-string) | |
6581 to complete prefix to a key defined in buffer. Mainly useful in | |
6582 crossref entries. | |
6583 | |
6584 *** New function bibtex-count-entries to count entries in buffer or | |
6585 region. | |
6586 | |
6587 *** Added support for imenu. | |
6588 | |
6589 *** The function `bibtex-validate' now checks current region instead | |
6590 of buffer if mark is active. Now it shows all errors of buffer in a | |
6591 `compilation mode' buffer. You can use the normal commands (e.g. | |
6592 `next-error') for compilation modes to jump to errors. | |
6593 | |
6594 *** New variable `bibtex-string-file-path' to determine where the files | |
6595 from `bibtex-string-files' are searched. | |
6596 | |
6597 ** Iso Accents mode now supports Latin-3 as an alternative. | |
6598 | |
6599 ** The command next-error now opens blocks hidden by hideshow. | |
6600 | |
6601 ** The function using-unix-filesystems has been replaced by the | |
6602 functions add-untranslated-filesystem and remove-untranslated-filesystem. | |
6603 Each of these functions takes the name of a drive letter or directory | |
6604 as an argument. | |
6605 | |
6606 When a filesystem is added as untranslated, all files on it are read | |
6607 and written in binary mode (no cr/lf translation is performed). | |
6608 | |
6609 ** browse-url changes | |
6610 | |
6611 *** New methods for: Grail (browse-url-generic), MMM (browse-url-mmm), | |
6612 Lynx in a separate xterm (browse-url-lynx-xterm) or in an Emacs window | |
6613 (browse-url-lynx-emacs), remote W3 (browse-url-w3-gnudoit), generic | |
6614 non-remote-controlled browsers (browse-url-generic) and associated | |
6615 customization variables. | |
6616 | |
6617 *** New commands `browse-url-of-region' and `browse-url'. | |
6618 | |
6619 *** URLs marked up with <URL:...> (RFC1738) work if broken across | |
6620 lines. Browsing methods can be associated with URL regexps | |
6621 (e.g. mailto: URLs) via `browse-url-browser-function'. | |
6622 | |
6623 ** Changes in Ediff | |
6624 | |
6625 *** Clicking Mouse-2 on a brief command description in Ediff control panel | |
6626 pops up the Info file for this command. | |
6627 | |
6628 *** There is now a variable, ediff-autostore-merges, which controls whether | |
6629 the result of a merge is saved in a file. By default, this is done only when | |
6630 merge is done from a session group (eg, when merging files in two different | |
6631 directories). | |
6632 | |
6633 *** Since Emacs 19.31 (this hasn't been announced before), Ediff can compare | |
6634 and merge groups of files residing in different directories, or revisions of | |
6635 files in the same directory. | |
6636 | |
6637 *** Since Emacs 19.31, Ediff can apply multi-file patches interactively. | |
6638 The patches must be in the context format or GNU unified format. (The bug | |
6639 related to the GNU format has now been fixed.) | |
6640 | |
6641 ** Changes in Viper | |
6642 | |
6643 *** The startup file is now .viper instead of .vip | |
6644 *** All variable/function names have been changed to start with viper- | |
6645 instead of vip-. | |
6646 *** C-\ now simulates the meta-key in all Viper states. | |
6647 *** C-z in Insert state now escapes to Vi for the duration of the next | |
6648 Viper command. In Vi and Insert states, C-z behaves as before. | |
6649 *** C-c \ escapes to Vi for one command if Viper is in Insert or Emacs states. | |
6650 *** _ is no longer the meta-key in Vi state. | |
6651 *** The variable viper-insert-state-cursor-color can be used to change cursor | |
6652 color when Viper is in insert state. | |
6653 *** If search lands the cursor near the top or the bottom of the window, | |
6654 Viper pulls the window up or down to expose more context. The variable | |
6655 viper-adjust-window-after-search controls this behavior. | |
6656 | |
6657 ** Etags changes. | |
6658 | |
6659 *** In C, C++, Objective C and Java, Etags tags global variables by | |
6660 default. The resulting tags files are inflated by 30% on average. | |
6661 Use --no-globals to turn this feature off. Etags can also tag | |
6662 variables which are members of structure-like constructs, but it does | |
6663 not by default. Use --members to turn this feature on. | |
6664 | |
6665 *** C++ member functions are now recognized as tags. | |
6666 | |
6667 *** Java is tagged like C++. In addition, "extends" and "implements" | |
6668 constructs are tagged. Files are recognised by the extension .java. | |
6669 | |
6670 *** Etags can now handle programs written in Postscript. Files are | |
6671 recognised by the extensions .ps and .pdb (Postscript with C syntax). | |
6672 In Postscript, tags are lines that start with a slash. | |
6673 | |
6674 *** Etags now handles Objective C and Objective C++ code. The usual C and | |
6675 C++ tags are recognized in these languages; in addition, etags | |
6676 recognizes special Objective C syntax for classes, class categories, | |
6677 methods and protocols. | |
6678 | |
6679 *** Etags also handles Cobol. Files are recognised by the extension | |
6680 .cobol. The tagged lines are those containing a word that begins in | |
6681 column 8 and ends in a full stop, i.e. anything that could be a | |
6682 paragraph name. | |
6683 | |
6684 *** Regexps in Etags now support intervals, as in ed or grep. The syntax of | |
6685 an interval is \{M,N\}, and it means to match the preceding expression | |
6686 at least M times and as many as N times. | |
6687 | |
6688 ** The format for specifying a custom format for time-stamp to insert | |
6689 in files has changed slightly. | |
6690 | |
6691 With the new enhancements to the functionality of format-time-string, | |
6692 time-stamp-format will change to be eventually compatible with it. | |
6693 This conversion is being done in two steps to maintain compatibility | |
6694 with old time-stamp-format values. | |
6695 | |
6696 In the new scheme, alternate case is signified by the number-sign | |
6697 (`#') modifier, rather than changing the case of the format character. | |
6698 This feature is as yet incompletely implemented for compatibility | |
6699 reasons. | |
6700 | |
6701 In the old time-stamp-format, all numeric fields defaulted to their | |
6702 natural width. (With format-time-string, each format has a | |
6703 fixed-width default.) In this version, you can specify the colon | |
6704 (`:') modifier to a numeric conversion to mean "give me the historical | |
6705 time-stamp-format width default." Do not use colon if you are | |
6706 specifying an explicit width, as in "%02d". | |
6707 | |
6708 Numbers are no longer truncated to the requested width, except in the | |
6709 case of "%02y", which continues to give a two-digit year. Digit | |
6710 truncation probably wasn't being used for anything else anyway. | |
6711 | |
6712 The new formats will work with old versions of Emacs. New formats are | |
6713 being recommended now to allow time-stamp-format to change in the | |
6714 future to be compatible with format-time-string. The new forms being | |
6715 recommended now will continue to work then. | |
6716 | |
6717 See the documentation string for the variable time-stamp-format for | |
6718 details. | |
6719 | |
6720 ** There are some additional major modes: | |
6721 | |
6722 dcl-mode, for editing VMS DCL files. | |
6723 m4-mode, for editing files of m4 input. | |
6724 meta-mode, for editing MetaFont and MetaPost source files. | |
6725 | |
6726 ** In Shell mode, the command shell-copy-environment-variable lets you | |
6727 copy the value of a specified environment variable from the subshell | |
6728 into Emacs. | |
6729 | |
6730 ** New Lisp packages include: | |
6731 | |
6732 *** battery.el displays battery status for laptops. | |
6733 | |
6734 *** M-x bruce (named after Lenny Bruce) is a program that might | |
6735 be used for adding some indecent words to your email. | |
6736 | |
6737 *** M-x crisp-mode enables an emulation for the CRiSP editor. | |
6738 | |
6739 *** M-x dirtrack arranges for better tracking of directory changes | |
6740 in shell buffers. | |
6741 | |
6742 *** The new library elint.el provides for linting of Emacs Lisp code. | |
6743 See the documentation for `elint-initialize', `elint-current-buffer' | |
6744 and `elint-defun'. | |
6745 | |
6746 *** M-x expand-add-abbrevs defines a special kind of abbrev which is | |
6747 meant for programming constructs. These abbrevs expand like ordinary | |
6748 ones, when you type SPC, but only at the end of a line and not within | |
6749 strings or comments. | |
6750 | |
6751 These abbrevs can act as templates: you can define places within an | |
6752 abbrev for insertion of additional text. Once you expand the abbrev, | |
6753 you can then use C-x a p and C-x a n to move back and forth to these | |
6754 insertion points. Thus you can conveniently insert additional text | |
6755 at these points. | |
6756 | |
6757 *** filecache.el remembers the location of files so that you | |
6758 can visit them by short forms of their names. | |
6759 | |
6760 *** find-func.el lets you find the definition of the user-loaded | |
6761 Emacs Lisp function at point. | |
6762 | |
6763 *** M-x handwrite converts text to a "handwritten" picture. | |
6764 | |
6765 *** M-x iswitchb-buffer is a command for switching to a buffer, much like | |
6766 switch-buffer, but it reads the argument in a more helpful way. | |
6767 | |
6768 *** M-x landmark implements a neural network for landmark learning. | |
6769 | |
6770 *** M-x locate provides a convenient interface to the `locate' program. | |
6771 | |
6772 *** M4 mode is a new mode for editing files of m4 input. | |
6773 | |
6774 *** mantemp.el creates C++ manual template instantiations | |
6775 from the GCC error messages which indicate which instantiations are needed. | |
6776 | |
6777 *** mouse-copy.el provides a one-click copy and move feature. | |
6778 You can drag a region with M-mouse-1, and it is automatically | |
6779 inserted at point. M-Shift-mouse-1 deletes the text from its | |
6780 original place after inserting the copy. | |
6781 | |
6782 *** mouse-drag.el lets you do scrolling by dragging Mouse-2 | |
6783 on the buffer. | |
6784 | |
6785 You click the mouse and move; that distance either translates into the | |
6786 velocity to scroll (with mouse-drag-throw) or the distance to scroll | |
6787 (with mouse-drag-drag). Horizontal scrolling is enabled when needed. | |
6788 | |
6789 Enable mouse-drag with: | |
6790 (global-set-key [down-mouse-2] 'mouse-drag-throw) | |
6791 -or- | |
6792 (global-set-key [down-mouse-2] 'mouse-drag-drag) | |
6793 | |
6794 *** mspools.el is useful for determining which mail folders have | |
6795 mail waiting to be read in them. It works with procmail. | |
6796 | |
6797 *** Octave mode is a major mode for editing files of input for Octave. | |
6798 It comes with a facility for communicating with an Octave subprocess. | |
6799 | |
6800 *** ogonek | |
6801 | |
6802 The ogonek package provides functions for changing the coding of | |
6803 Polish diacritic characters in buffers. Codings known from various | |
6804 platforms are supported such as ISO8859-2, Mazovia, IBM Latin2, and | |
6805 TeX. For example, you can change the coding from Mazovia to | |
6806 ISO8859-2. Another example is a change of coding from ISO8859-2 to | |
6807 prefix notation (in which `/a' stands for the aogonek character, for | |
6808 instance) and vice versa. | |
6809 | |
6810 To use this package load it using | |
6811 M-x load-library [enter] ogonek | |
6812 Then, you may get an explanation by calling one of | |
6813 M-x ogonek-jak -- in Polish | |
6814 M-x ogonek-how -- in English | |
6815 The info specifies the commands and variables provided as well as the | |
6816 ways of customization in `.emacs'. | |
6817 | |
6818 *** Interface to ph. | |
6819 | |
6820 Emacs provides a client interface to CCSO Nameservers (ph/qi) | |
6821 | |
6822 The CCSO nameserver is used in many universities to provide directory | |
6823 services about people. ph.el provides a convenient Emacs interface to | |
6824 these servers. | |
6825 | |
6826 *** uce.el is useful for replying to unsolicited commercial email. | |
6827 | |
6828 *** vcursor.el implements a "virtual cursor" feature. | |
6829 You can move the virtual cursor with special commands | |
6830 while the real cursor does not move. | |
6831 | |
6832 *** webjump.el is a "hot list" package which you can set up | |
6833 for visiting your favorite web sites. | |
6834 | |
6835 *** M-x winner-mode is a minor mode which saves window configurations, | |
6836 so you can move back to other configurations that you have recently used. | |
6837 | |
6838 ** movemail change | |
6839 | |
6840 Movemail no longer needs to be installed setuid root in order for POP | |
6841 mail retrieval to function properly. This is because it no longer | |
6842 supports the RPOP (reserved-port POP) protocol; instead, it uses the | |
6843 user's POP password to authenticate to the mail server. | |
6844 | |
6845 This change was made earlier, but not reported in NEWS before. | |
6846 | |
6847 * Emacs 20.1 changes for MS-DOS and MS-Windows. | |
6848 | |
6849 ** Changes in handling MS-DOS/MS-Windows text files. | |
6850 | |
6851 Emacs handles three different conventions for representing | |
6852 end-of-line: CRLF for MSDOS, LF for Unix and GNU, and CR (used on the | |
6853 Macintosh). Emacs determines which convention is used in a specific | |
6854 file based on the contents of that file (except for certain special | |
6855 file names), and when it saves the file, it uses the same convention. | |
6856 | |
6857 To save the file and change the end-of-line convention, you can use | |
6858 C-x RET f (set-buffer-file-coding-system) to specify a different | |
6859 coding system for the buffer. Then, when you save the file, the newly | |
6860 specified coding system will take effect. For example, to save with | |
6861 LF, specify undecided-unix (or some other ...-unix coding system); to | |
6862 save with CRLF, specify undecided-dos. | |
6863 | |
6864 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 20.1 | |
6865 | |
6866 ** Byte-compiled files made with Emacs 20 will, in general, work in | |
6867 Emacs 19 as well, as long as the source code runs in Emacs 19. And | |
6868 vice versa: byte-compiled files made with Emacs 19 should also run in | |
6869 Emacs 20, as long as the program itself works in Emacs 20. | |
6870 | |
6871 ** Windows-specific functions and variables have been renamed | |
6872 to start with w32- instead of win32-. | |
6873 | |
6874 In hacker language, calling something a "win" is a form of praise. We | |
6875 don't want to praise a non-free Microsoft system, so we don't call it | |
6876 "win". | |
6877 | |
6878 ** Basic Lisp changes | |
6879 | |
6880 *** A symbol whose name starts with a colon now automatically | |
6881 evaluates to itself. Therefore such a symbol can be used as a constant. | |
6882 | |
6883 *** The defined purpose of `defconst' has been changed. It should now | |
6884 be used only for values that should not be changed whether by a program | |
6885 or by the user. | |
6886 | |
6887 The actual behavior of defconst has not been changed. | |
6888 | |
6889 *** There are new macros `when' and `unless' | |
6890 | |
6891 (when CONDITION BODY...) is short for (if CONDITION (progn BODY...)) | |
6892 (unless CONDITION BODY...) is short for (if CONDITION nil BODY...) | |
6893 | |
6894 *** Emacs now defines functions caar, cadr, cdar and cddr with their | |
6895 usual Lisp meanings. For example, caar returns the car of the car of | |
6896 its argument. | |
6897 | |
6898 *** equal, when comparing strings, now ignores their text properties. | |
6899 | |
6900 *** The new function `functionp' tests whether an object is a function. | |
6901 | |
6902 *** arrayp now returns t for char-tables and bool-vectors. | |
6903 | |
6904 *** Certain primitives which use characters (as integers) now get an | |
6905 error if the integer is not a valid character code. These primitives | |
6906 include insert-char, char-to-string, and the %c construct in the | |
6907 `format' function. | |
6908 | |
6909 *** The `require' function now insists on adding a suffix, either .el | |
6910 or .elc, to the file name. Thus, (require 'foo) will not use a file | |
6911 whose name is just foo. It insists on foo.el or foo.elc. | |
6912 | |
6913 *** The `autoload' function, when the file name does not contain | |
6914 either a directory name or the suffix .el or .elc, insists on | |
6915 adding one of these suffixes. | |
6916 | |
6917 *** string-to-number now takes an optional second argument BASE | |
6918 which specifies the base to use when converting an integer. | |
6919 If BASE is omitted, base 10 is used. | |
6920 | |
6921 We have not implemented other radices for floating point numbers, | |
6922 because that would be much more work and does not seem useful. | |
6923 | |
6924 *** substring now handles vectors as well as strings. | |
6925 | |
6926 *** The Common Lisp function eql is no longer defined normally. | |
6927 You must load the `cl' library to define it. | |
6928 | |
6929 *** The new macro `with-current-buffer' lets you evaluate an expression | |
6930 conveniently with a different current buffer. It looks like this: | |
6931 | |
6932 (with-current-buffer BUFFER BODY-FORMS...) | |
6933 | |
6934 BUFFER is the expression that says which buffer to use. | |
6935 BODY-FORMS say what to do in that buffer. | |
6936 | |
6937 *** The new primitive `save-current-buffer' saves and restores the | |
6938 choice of current buffer, like `save-excursion', but without saving or | |
6939 restoring the value of point or the mark. `with-current-buffer' | |
6940 works using `save-current-buffer'. | |
6941 | |
6942 *** The new macro `with-temp-file' lets you do some work in a new buffer and | |
6943 write the output to a specified file. Like `progn', it returns the value | |
6944 of the last form. | |
6945 | |
6946 *** The new macro `with-temp-buffer' lets you do some work in a new buffer, | |
6947 which is discarded after use. Like `progn', it returns the value of the | |
6948 last form. If you wish to return the buffer contents, use (buffer-string) | |
6949 as the last form. | |
6950 | |
6951 *** The new function split-string takes a string, splits it at certain | |
6952 characters, and returns a list of the substrings in between the | |
6953 matches. | |
6954 | |
6955 For example, (split-string "foo bar lose" " +") returns ("foo" "bar" "lose"). | |
6956 | |
6957 *** The new macro with-output-to-string executes some Lisp expressions | |
6958 with standard-output set up so that all output feeds into a string. | |
6959 Then it returns that string. | |
6960 | |
6961 For example, if the current buffer name is `foo', | |
6962 | |
6963 (with-output-to-string | |
6964 (princ "The buffer is ") | |
6965 (princ (buffer-name))) | |
6966 | |
6967 returns "The buffer is foo". | |
6968 | |
6969 ** Non-ASCII characters are now supported, if enable-multibyte-characters | |
6970 is non-nil. | |
6971 | |
6972 These characters have character codes above 256. When inserted in the | |
6973 buffer or stored in a string, they are represented as multibyte | |
6974 characters that occupy several buffer positions each. | |
6975 | |
6976 *** When enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil, a single character in | |
6977 a buffer or string can be two or more bytes (as many as four). | |
6978 | |
6979 Buffers and strings are still made up of unibyte elements; | |
6980 character positions and string indices are always measured in bytes. | |
6981 Therefore, moving forward one character can increase the buffer | |
6982 position by 2, 3 or 4. The function forward-char moves by whole | |
6983 characters, and therefore is no longer equivalent to | |
6984 (lambda (n) (goto-char (+ (point) n))). | |
6985 | |
6986 ASCII characters (codes 0 through 127) are still single bytes, always. | |
6987 Sequences of byte values 128 through 255 are used to represent | |
6988 non-ASCII characters. These sequences are called "multibyte | |
6989 characters". | |
6990 | |
6991 The first byte of a multibyte character is always in the range 128 | |
6992 through 159 (octal 0200 through 0237). These values are called | |
6993 "leading codes". The second and subsequent bytes are always in the | |
6994 range 160 through 255 (octal 0240 through 0377). The first byte, the | |
6995 leading code, determines how many bytes long the sequence is. | |
6996 | |
6997 *** The function forward-char moves over characters, and therefore | |
6998 (forward-char 1) may increase point by more than 1 if it moves over a | |
6999 multibyte character. Likewise, delete-char always deletes a | |
7000 character, which may be more than one buffer position. | |
7001 | |
7002 This means that some Lisp programs, which assume that a character is | |
7003 always one buffer position, need to be changed. | |
7004 | |
7005 However, all ASCII characters are always one buffer position. | |
7006 | |
7007 *** The regexp [\200-\377] no longer matches all non-ASCII characters, | |
7008 because when enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil, these characters | |
7009 have codes that are not in the range octal 200 to octal 377. However, | |
7010 the regexp [^\000-\177] does match all non-ASCII characters, | |
7011 guaranteed. | |
7012 | |
7013 *** The function char-boundary-p returns non-nil if position POS is | |
7014 between two characters in the buffer (not in the middle of a | |
7015 character). | |
7016 | |
7017 When the value is non-nil, it says what kind of character follows POS: | |
7018 | |
7019 0 if POS is at an ASCII character or at the end of range, | |
7020 1 if POS is before a 2-byte length multi-byte form, | |
7021 2 if POS is at a head of 3-byte length multi-byte form, | |
7022 3 if POS is at a head of 4-byte length multi-byte form, | |
7023 4 if POS is at a head of multi-byte form of a composite character. | |
7024 | |
7025 *** The function char-bytes returns how many bytes the character CHAR uses. | |
7026 | |
7027 *** Strings can contain multibyte characters. The function | |
7028 `length' returns the string length counting bytes, which may be | |
7029 more than the number of characters. | |
7030 | |
7031 You can include a multibyte character in a string constant by writing | |
7032 it literally. You can also represent it with a hex escape, | |
7033 \xNNNNNNN..., using as many digits as necessary. Any character which | |
7034 is not a valid hex digit terminates this construct. If you want to | |
7035 follow it with a character that is a hex digit, write backslash and | |
7036 newline in between; that will terminate the hex escape. | |
7037 | |
7038 *** The function concat-chars takes arguments which are characters | |
7039 and returns a string containing those characters. | |
7040 | |
7041 *** The function sref access a multibyte character in a string. | |
7042 (sref STRING INDX) returns the character in STRING at INDEX. INDEX | |
7043 counts from zero. If INDEX is at a position in the middle of a | |
7044 character, sref signals an error. | |
7045 | |
7046 *** The function chars-in-string returns the number of characters | |
7047 in a string. This is less than the length of the string, if the | |
7048 string contains multibyte characters (the length counts bytes). | |
7049 | |
7050 *** The function chars-in-region returns the number of characters | |
7051 in a region from BEG to END. This is less than (- END BEG) if the | |
7052 region contains multibyte characters (the length counts bytes). | |
7053 | |
7054 *** The function string-to-list converts a string to a list of | |
7055 the characters in it. string-to-vector converts a string | |
7056 to a vector of the characters in it. | |
7057 | |
7058 *** The function store-substring alters part of the contents | |
7059 of a string. You call it as follows: | |
7060 | |
7061 (store-substring STRING IDX OBJ) | |
7062 | |
7063 This says to alter STRING, by storing OBJ starting at index IDX in | |
7064 STRING. OBJ may be either a character or a (smaller) string. | |
7065 This function really does alter the contents of STRING. | |
7066 Since it is impossible to change the length of an existing string, | |
7067 it is an error if OBJ doesn't fit within STRING's actual length. | |
7068 | |
7069 *** char-width returns the width (in columns) of the character CHAR, | |
7070 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window. | |
7071 | |
7072 *** string-width returns the width (in columns) of the text in STRING, | |
7073 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window. | |
7074 | |
7075 *** truncate-string-to-width shortens a string, if necessary, | |
7076 to fit within a certain number of columns. (Of course, it does | |
7077 not alter the string that you give it; it returns a new string | |
7078 which contains all or just part of the existing string.) | |
7079 | |
7080 (truncate-string-to-width STR END-COLUMN &optional START-COLUMN PADDING) | |
7081 | |
7082 This returns the part of STR up to column END-COLUMN. | |
7083 | |
7084 The optional argument START-COLUMN specifies the starting column. | |
7085 If this is non-nil, then the first START-COLUMN columns of the string | |
7086 are not included in the resulting value. | |
7087 | |
7088 The optional argument PADDING, if non-nil, is a padding character to be added | |
7089 at the beginning and end the resulting string, to extend it to exactly | |
7090 WIDTH columns. If PADDING is nil, that means do not pad; then, if STRING | |
7091 is narrower than WIDTH, the value is equal to STRING. | |
7092 | |
7093 If PADDING and START-COLUMN are both non-nil, and if there is no clean | |
7094 place in STRING that corresponds to START-COLUMN (because one | |
7095 character extends across that column), then the padding character | |
7096 PADDING is added one or more times at the beginning of the result | |
7097 string, so that its columns line up as if it really did start at | |
7098 column START-COLUMN. | |
7099 | |
7100 *** When the functions in the list after-change-functions are called, | |
7101 the third argument is the number of bytes in the pre-change text, not | |
7102 necessarily the number of characters. It is, in effect, the | |
7103 difference in buffer position between the beginning and the end of the | |
7104 changed text, before the change. | |
7105 | |
7106 *** The characters Emacs uses are classified in various character | |
7107 sets, each of which has a name which is a symbol. In general there is | |
7108 one character set for each script, not for each language. | |
7109 | |
7110 **** The function charsetp tests whether an object is a character set name. | |
7111 | |
7112 **** The variable charset-list holds a list of character set names. | |
7113 | |
7114 **** char-charset, given a character code, returns the name of the character | |
7115 set that the character belongs to. (The value is a symbol.) | |
7116 | |
7117 **** split-char, given a character code, returns a list containing the | |
7118 name of the character set, followed by one or two byte-values | |
7119 which identify the character within that character set. | |
7120 | |
7121 **** make-char, given a character set name and one or two subsequent | |
7122 byte-values, constructs a character code. This is roughly the | |
7123 opposite of split-char. | |
7124 | |
7125 **** find-charset-region returns a list of the character sets | |
7126 of all the characters between BEG and END. | |
7127 | |
7128 **** find-charset-string returns a list of the character sets | |
7129 of all the characters in a string. | |
7130 | |
7131 *** Here are the Lisp facilities for working with coding systems | |
7132 and specifying coding systems. | |
7133 | |
7134 **** The function coding-system-list returns a list of all coding | |
7135 system names (symbols). With optional argument t, it returns a list | |
7136 of all distinct base coding systems, not including variants. | |
7137 (Variant coding systems are those like latin-1-dos, latin-1-unix | |
7138 and latin-1-mac which specify the end-of-line conversion as well | |
7139 as what to do about code conversion.) | |
7140 | |
7141 **** coding-system-p tests a symbol to see if it is a coding system | |
7142 name. It returns t if so, nil if not. | |
7143 | |
7144 **** file-coding-system-alist specifies which coding systems to use | |
7145 for certain file names. It works like network-coding-system-alist, | |
7146 except that the PATTERN is matched against the file name. | |
7147 | |
7148 Each element has the format (PATTERN . VAL), where PATTERN determines | |
7149 which file names the element applies to. PATTERN should be a regexp | |
7150 to match against a file name. | |
7151 | |
7152 VAL is a coding system, a cons cell containing two coding systems, or | |
7153 a function symbol. If VAL is a coding system, it is used for both | |
7154 decoding what received from the network stream and encoding what sent | |
7155 to the network stream. If VAL is a cons cell containing two coding | |
7156 systems, the car specifies the coding system for decoding, and the cdr | |
7157 specifies the coding system for encoding. | |
7158 | |
7159 If VAL is a function symbol, the function must return a coding system | |
7160 or a cons cell containing two coding systems, which is used as above. | |
7161 | |
7162 **** The variable network-coding-system-alist specifies | |
7163 the coding system to use for network sockets. | |
7164 | |
7165 Each element has the format (PATTERN . VAL), where PATTERN determines | |
7166 which network sockets the element applies to. PATTERN should be | |
7167 either a port number or a regular expression matching some network | |
7168 service names. | |
7169 | |
7170 VAL is a coding system, a cons cell containing two coding systems, or | |
7171 a function symbol. If VAL is a coding system, it is used for both | |
7172 decoding what received from the network stream and encoding what sent | |
7173 to the network stream. If VAL is a cons cell containing two coding | |
7174 systems, the car specifies the coding system for decoding, and the cdr | |
7175 specifies the coding system for encoding. | |
7176 | |
7177 If VAL is a function symbol, the function must return a coding system | |
7178 or a cons cell containing two coding systems, which is used as above. | |
7179 | |
7180 **** process-coding-system-alist specifies which coding systems to use | |
7181 for certain subprocess. It works like network-coding-system-alist, | |
7182 except that the PATTERN is matched against the program name used to | |
7183 start the subprocess. | |
7184 | |
7185 **** The variable default-process-coding-system specifies the coding | |
7186 systems to use for subprocess (and net connection) input and output, | |
7187 when nothing else specifies what to do. The value is a cons cell | |
7188 (OUTPUT-CODING . INPUT-CODING). OUTPUT-CODING applies to output | |
7189 to the subprocess, and INPUT-CODING applies to input from it. | |
7190 | |
7191 **** The variable coding-system-for-write, if non-nil, specifies the | |
7192 coding system to use for writing a file, or for output to a synchronous | |
7193 subprocess. | |
7194 | |
7195 It also applies to any asynchronous subprocess or network connection, | |
7196 but in a different way: the value of coding-system-for-write when you | |
7197 start the subprocess or connection affects that subprocess or | |
7198 connection permanently or until overridden. | |
7199 | |
7200 The variable coding-system-for-write takes precedence over | |
7201 file-coding-system-alist, process-coding-system-alist and | |
7202 network-coding-system-alist, and all other methods of specifying a | |
7203 coding system for output. But most of the time this variable is nil. | |
7204 It exists so that Lisp programs can bind it to a specific coding | |
7205 system for one operation at a time. | |
7206 | |
7207 **** coding-system-for-read applies similarly to input from | |
7208 files, subprocesses or network connections. | |
7209 | |
7210 **** The function process-coding-system tells you what | |
7211 coding systems(s) an existing subprocess is using. | |
7212 The value is a cons cell, | |
7213 (DECODING-CODING-SYSTEM . ENCODING-CODING-SYSTEM) | |
7214 where DECODING-CODING-SYSTEM is used for decoding output from | |
7215 the subprocess, and ENCODING-CODING-SYSTEM is used for encoding | |
7216 input to the subprocess. | |
7217 | |
7218 **** The function set-process-coding-system can be used to | |
7219 change the coding systems in use for an existing subprocess. | |
7220 | |
7221 ** Emacs has a new facility to help users manage the many | |
7222 customization options. To make a Lisp program work with this facility, | |
7223 you need to use the new macros defgroup and defcustom. | |
7224 | |
7225 You use defcustom instead of defvar, for defining a user option | |
7226 variable. The difference is that you specify two additional pieces of | |
7227 information (usually): the "type" which says what values are | |
7228 legitimate, and the "group" which specifies the hierarchy for | |
7229 customization. | |
7230 | |
7231 Thus, instead of writing | |
7232 | |
7233 (defvar foo-blurgoze nil | |
7234 "*Non-nil means that foo will act very blurgozely.") | |
7235 | |
7236 you would now write this: | |
7237 | |
7238 (defcustom foo-blurgoze nil | |
7239 "*Non-nil means that foo will act very blurgozely." | |
7240 :type 'boolean | |
7241 :group foo) | |
7242 | |
7243 The type `boolean' means that this variable has only | |
7244 two meaningful states: nil and non-nil. Other type values | |
7245 describe other possibilities; see the manual for Custom | |
7246 for a description of them. | |
7247 | |
7248 The "group" argument is used to specify a group which the option | |
7249 should belong to. You define a new group like this: | |
7250 | |
7251 (defgroup ispell nil | |
7252 "Spell checking using Ispell." | |
7253 :group 'processes) | |
7254 | |
7255 The "group" argument in defgroup specifies the parent group. The root | |
7256 group is called `emacs'; it should not contain any variables itself, | |
7257 but only other groups. The immediate subgroups of `emacs' correspond | |
7258 to the keywords used by C-h p. Under these subgroups come | |
7259 second-level subgroups that belong to individual packages. | |
7260 | |
7261 Each Emacs package should have its own set of groups. A simple | |
7262 package should have just one group; a more complex package should | |
7263 have a hierarchy of its own groups. The sole or root group of a | |
7264 package should be a subgroup of one or more of the "keyword" | |
7265 first-level subgroups. | |
7266 | |
7267 ** New `widget' library for inserting UI components in buffers. | |
7268 | |
7269 This library, used by the new custom library, is documented in a | |
7270 separate manual that accompanies Emacs. | |
7271 | |
7272 ** easy-mmode | |
7273 | |
7274 The easy-mmode package provides macros and functions that make | |
7275 developing minor modes easier. Roughly, the programmer has to code | |
7276 only the functionality of the minor mode. All the rest--toggles, | |
7277 predicate, and documentation--can be done in one call to the macro | |
7278 `easy-mmode-define-minor-mode' (see the documentation). See also | |
7279 `easy-mmode-define-keymap'. | |
7280 | |
7281 ** Text property changes | |
7282 | |
7283 *** The `intangible' property now works on overlays as well as on a | |
7284 text property. | |
7285 | |
7286 *** The new functions next-char-property-change and | |
7287 previous-char-property-change scan through the buffer looking for a | |
7288 place where either a text property or an overlay might change. The | |
7289 functions take two arguments, POSITION and LIMIT. POSITION is the | |
7290 starting position for the scan. LIMIT says where to stop the scan. | |
7291 | |
7292 If no property change is found before LIMIT, the value is LIMIT. If | |
7293 LIMIT is nil, scan goes to the beginning or end of the accessible part | |
7294 of the buffer. If no property change is found, the value is the | |
7295 position of the beginning or end of the buffer. | |
7296 | |
7297 *** In the `local-map' text property or overlay property, the property | |
7298 value can now be a symbol whose function definition is a keymap. This | |
7299 is an alternative to using the keymap itself. | |
7300 | |
7301 ** Changes in invisibility features | |
7302 | |
7303 *** Isearch can now temporarily show parts of the buffer which are | |
7304 hidden by an overlay with a invisible property, when the search match | |
7305 is inside that portion of the buffer. To enable this the overlay | |
7306 should have a isearch-open-invisible property which is a function that | |
7307 would be called having the overlay as an argument, the function should | |
7308 make the overlay visible. | |
7309 | |
7310 During incremental search the overlays are shown by modifying the | |
7311 invisible and intangible properties, if beside this more actions are | |
7312 needed the overlay should have a isearch-open-invisible-temporary | |
7313 which is a function. The function is called with 2 arguments: one is | |
7314 the overlay and the second is nil when it should show the overlay and | |
7315 t when it should hide it. | |
7316 | |
7317 *** add-to-invisibility-spec, remove-from-invisibility-spec | |
7318 | |
7319 Modes that use overlays to hide portions of a buffer should set the | |
7320 invisible property of the overlay to the mode's name (or another symbol) | |
7321 and modify the `buffer-invisibility-spec' to include that symbol. | |
7322 Use `add-to-invisibility-spec' and `remove-from-invisibility-spec' to | |
7323 manipulate the `buffer-invisibility-spec'. | |
7324 Here is an example of how to do this: | |
7325 | |
7326 ;; If we want to display an ellipsis: | |
7327 (add-to-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t)) | |
7328 ;; If you don't want ellipsis: | |
7329 (add-to-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol) | |
7330 | |
7331 ... | |
7332 (overlay-put (make-overlay beginning end) 'invisible 'my-symbol) | |
7333 | |
7334 ... | |
7335 ;; When done with the overlays: | |
7336 (remove-from-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t)) | |
7337 ;; Or respectively: | |
7338 (remove-from-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol) | |
7339 | |
7340 ** Changes in syntax parsing. | |
7341 | |
7342 *** The syntax-directed buffer-scan functions (such as | |
7343 `parse-partial-sexp', `forward-word' and similar functions) can now | |
7344 obey syntax information specified by text properties, if the variable | |
7345 `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is non-nil. | |
7346 | |
7347 If the value of `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is nil, the behavior | |
7348 is as before: the syntax-table of the current buffer is always | |
7349 used to determine the syntax of the character at the position. | |
7350 | |
7351 When `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is non-nil, the syntax of a | |
7352 character in the buffer is calculated thus: | |
7353 | |
7354 a) if the `syntax-table' text-property of that character | |
7355 is a cons, this cons becomes the syntax-type; | |
7356 | |
7357 Valid values of `syntax-table' text-property are: nil, a valid | |
7358 syntax-table, and a valid syntax-table element, i.e., | |
7359 a cons cell of the form (SYNTAX-CODE . MATCHING-CHAR). | |
7360 | |
7361 b) if the character's `syntax-table' text-property | |
7362 is a syntax table, this syntax table is used | |
7363 (instead of the syntax-table of the current buffer) to | |
7364 determine the syntax type of the character. | |
7365 | |
7366 c) otherwise the syntax-type is determined by the syntax-table | |
7367 of the current buffer. | |
7368 | |
7369 *** The meaning of \s in regular expressions is also affected by the | |
7370 value of `parse-sexp-lookup-properties'. The details are the same as | |
7371 for the syntax-directed buffer-scan functions. | |
7372 | |
7373 *** There are two new syntax-codes, `!' and `|' (numeric values 14 | |
7374 and 15). A character with a code `!' starts a comment which is ended | |
7375 only by another character with the same code (unless quoted). A | |
7376 character with a code `|' starts a string which is ended only by | |
7377 another character with the same code (unless quoted). | |
7378 | |
7379 These codes are mainly meant for use as values of the `syntax-table' | |
7380 text property. | |
7381 | |
7382 *** The function `parse-partial-sexp' has new semantics for the sixth | |
7383 arg COMMENTSTOP. If it is `syntax-table', parse stops after the start | |
7384 of a comment or a string, or after end of a comment or a string. | |
7385 | |
7386 *** The state-list which the return value from `parse-partial-sexp' | |
7387 (and can also be used as an argument) now has an optional ninth | |
7388 element: the character address of the start of last comment or string; | |
7389 nil if none. The fourth and eighth elements have special values if the | |
7390 string/comment is started by a "!" or "|" syntax-code. | |
7391 | |
7392 *** Since new features of `parse-partial-sexp' allow a complete | |
7393 syntactic parsing, `font-lock' no longer supports | |
7394 `font-lock-comment-start-regexp'. | |
7395 | |
7396 ** Changes in face features | |
7397 | |
7398 *** The face functions are now unconditionally defined in Emacs, even | |
7399 if it does not support displaying on a device that supports faces. | |
7400 | |
7401 *** The function face-documentation returns the documentation string | |
7402 of a face (or nil if it doesn't have one). | |
7403 | |
7404 *** The function face-bold-p returns t if a face should be bold. | |
7405 set-face-bold-p sets that flag. | |
7406 | |
7407 *** The function face-italic-p returns t if a face should be italic. | |
7408 set-face-italic-p sets that flag. | |
7409 | |
7410 *** You can now specify foreground and background colors for text | |
7411 by adding elements of the form (foreground-color . COLOR-NAME) | |
7412 and (background-color . COLOR-NAME) to the list of faces in | |
7413 the `face' property (either the character's text property or an | |
7414 overlay property). | |
7415 | |
7416 This means that you no longer need to create named faces to use | |
7417 arbitrary colors in a Lisp package. | |
7418 | |
7419 ** Changes in file-handling functions | |
7420 | |
7421 *** File-access primitive functions no longer discard an extra redundant | |
7422 directory name from the beginning of the file name. In other words, | |
7423 they no longer do anything special with // or /~. That conversion | |
7424 is now done only in substitute-in-file-name. | |
7425 | |
7426 This makes it possible for a Lisp program to open a file whose name | |
7427 begins with ~. | |
7428 | |
7429 *** If copy-file is unable to set the date of the output file, | |
7430 it now signals an error with the condition file-date-error. | |
7431 | |
7432 *** The inode number returned by file-attributes may be an integer (if | |
7433 the number fits in a Lisp integer) or a list of integers. | |
7434 | |
7435 *** insert-file-contents can now read from a special file, | |
7436 as long as the arguments VISIT and REPLACE are nil. | |
7437 | |
7438 *** The RAWFILE arg to find-file-noselect, if non-nil, now suppresses | |
7439 character code conversion as well as other things. | |
7440 | |
7441 Meanwhile, this feature does work with remote file names | |
7442 (formerly it did not). | |
7443 | |
7444 *** Lisp packages which create temporary files should use the TMPDIR | |
7445 environment variable to decide which directory to put them in. | |
7446 | |
7447 *** interpreter-mode-alist elements now specify regexps | |
7448 instead of constant strings. | |
7449 | |
7450 *** expand-file-name no longer treats `//' or `/~' specially. It used | |
7451 to delete all the text of a file name up through the first slash of | |
7452 any `//' or `/~' sequence. Now it passes them straight through. | |
7453 | |
7454 substitute-in-file-name continues to treat those sequences specially, | |
7455 in the same way as before. | |
7456 | |
7457 *** The variable `format-alist' is more general now. | |
7458 The FROM-FN and TO-FN in a format definition can now be strings | |
7459 which specify shell commands to use as filters to perform conversion. | |
7460 | |
7461 *** The new function access-file tries to open a file, and signals an | |
7462 error if that fails. If the open succeeds, access-file does nothing | |
7463 else, and returns nil. | |
7464 | |
7465 *** The function insert-directory now signals an error if the specified | |
7466 directory cannot be listed. | |
7467 | |
7468 ** Changes in minibuffer input | |
7469 | |
7470 *** The functions read-buffer, read-variable, read-command, read-string | |
7471 read-file-name, read-from-minibuffer and completing-read now take an | |
7472 additional argument which specifies the default value. If this | |
7473 argument is non-nil, it should be a string; that string is used in two | |
7474 ways: | |
7475 | |
7476 It is returned if the user enters empty input. | |
7477 It is available through the history command M-n. | |
7478 | |
7479 *** The functions read-string, read-from-minibuffer, | |
7480 read-no-blanks-input and completing-read now take an additional | |
7481 argument INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD. If this is non-nil, then the | |
7482 minibuffer inherits the current input method and the setting of | |
7483 enable-multibyte-characters from the previously current buffer. | |
7484 | |
7485 In an interactive spec, you can use M instead of s to read an | |
7486 argument in this way. | |
7487 | |
7488 *** All minibuffer input functions discard text properties | |
7489 from the text you enter in the minibuffer, unless the variable | |
7490 minibuffer-allow-text-properties is non-nil. | |
7491 | |
7492 ** Echo area features | |
7493 | |
7494 *** Clearing the echo area now runs the normal hook | |
7495 echo-area-clear-hook. Note that the echo area can be used while the | |
7496 minibuffer is active; in that case, the minibuffer is still active | |
7497 after the echo area is cleared. | |
7498 | |
7499 *** The function current-message returns the message currently displayed | |
7500 in the echo area, or nil if there is none. | |
7501 | |
7502 ** Keyboard input features | |
7503 | |
7504 *** tty-erase-char is a new variable that reports which character was | |
7505 set up as the terminal's erase character when time Emacs was started. | |
7506 | |
7507 *** num-nonmacro-input-events is the total number of input events | |
7508 received so far from the terminal. It does not count those generated | |
7509 by keyboard macros. | |
7510 | |
7511 ** Frame-related changes | |
7512 | |
7513 *** make-frame runs the normal hook before-make-frame-hook just before | |
7514 creating a frame, and just after creating a frame it runs the abnormal | |
7515 hook after-make-frame-functions with the new frame as arg. | |
7516 | |
7517 *** The new hook window-configuration-change-hook is now run every time | |
7518 the window configuration has changed. The frame whose configuration | |
7519 has changed is the selected frame when the hook is run. | |
7520 | |
7521 *** Each frame now independently records the order for recently | |
7522 selected buffers, in its buffer-list frame parameter, so that the | |
7523 value of other-buffer is now based on the buffers recently displayed | |
7524 in the selected frame. | |
7525 | |
7526 *** The value of the frame parameter vertical-scroll-bars | |
7527 is now `left', `right' or nil. A non-nil value specifies | |
7528 which side of the window to put the scroll bars on. | |
7529 | |
7530 ** X Windows features | |
7531 | |
7532 *** You can examine X resources for other applications by binding | |
7533 x-resource-class around a call to x-get-resource. The usual value of | |
7534 x-resource-class is "Emacs", which is the correct value for Emacs. | |
7535 | |
7536 *** In menus, checkboxes and radio buttons now actually work. | |
7537 The menu displays the current status of the box or button. | |
7538 | |
7539 *** The function x-list-fonts now takes an optional fourth argument | |
7540 MAXIMUM which sets a limit on how many matching fonts to return. | |
7541 A smaller value of MAXIMUM makes the function faster. | |
7542 | |
7543 If the only question is whether *any* font matches the pattern, | |
7544 it is good to supply 1 for this argument. | |
7545 | |
7546 ** Subprocess features | |
7547 | |
7548 *** A reminder: it is no longer necessary for subprocess filter | |
7549 functions and sentinels to do save-match-data, because Emacs does this | |
7550 automatically. | |
7551 | |
7552 *** The new function shell-command-to-string executes a shell command | |
7553 and returns the output from the command as a string. | |
7554 | |
7555 *** The new function process-contact returns t for a child process, | |
7556 and (HOSTNAME SERVICE) for a net connection. | |
7557 | |
7558 ** An error in running pre-command-hook or post-command-hook | |
7559 does clear the variable to nil. The documentation was wrong before. | |
7560 | |
7561 ** In define-key-after, if AFTER is t, the new binding now always goes | |
7562 at the end of the keymap. If the keymap is a menu, this means it | |
7563 goes after the other menu items. | |
7564 | |
7565 ** If you have a program that makes several changes in the same area | |
7566 of the buffer, you can use the macro combine-after-change-calls | |
7567 around that Lisp code to make it faster when after-change hooks | |
7568 are in use. | |
7569 | |
7570 The macro arranges to call the after-change functions just once for a | |
7571 series of several changes--if that seems safe. | |
7572 | |
7573 Don't alter the variables after-change-functions and | |
7574 after-change-function within the body of a combine-after-change-calls | |
7575 form. | |
7576 | |
7577 ** If you define an abbrev (with define-abbrev) whose EXPANSION | |
7578 is not a string, then the abbrev does not expand in the usual sense, | |
7579 but its hook is still run. | |
7580 | |
7581 ** Normally, the Lisp debugger is not used (even if you have enabled it) | |
7582 for errors that are handled by condition-case. | |
7583 | |
7584 If you set debug-on-signal to a non-nil value, then the debugger is called | |
7585 regardless of whether there is a handler for the condition. This is | |
7586 useful for debugging problems that happen inside of a condition-case. | |
7587 | |
7588 This mode of operation seems to be unreliable in other ways. Errors that | |
7589 are normal and ought to be handled, perhaps in timers or process | |
7590 filters, will instead invoke the debugger. So don't say you weren't | |
7591 warned. | |
7592 | |
7593 ** The new variable ring-bell-function lets you specify your own | |
7594 way for Emacs to "ring the bell". | |
7595 | |
7596 ** If run-at-time's TIME argument is t, the action is repeated at | |
7597 integral multiples of REPEAT from the epoch; this is useful for | |
7598 functions like display-time. | |
7599 | |
7600 ** You can use the function locate-library to find the precise file | |
7601 name of a Lisp library. This isn't new, but wasn't documented before. | |
7602 | |
7603 ** Commands for entering view mode have new optional arguments that | |
7604 can be used from Lisp. Low-level entrance to and exit from view mode | |
7605 is done by functions view-mode-enter and view-mode-exit. | |
7606 | |
7607 ** batch-byte-compile-file now makes Emacs return a nonzero status code | |
7608 if there is an error in compilation. | |
7609 | |
7610 ** pop-to-buffer, switch-to-buffer-other-window and | |
7611 switch-to-buffer-other-frame now accept an additional optional | |
7612 argument NORECORD, much like switch-to-buffer. If it is non-nil, | |
7613 they don't put the buffer at the front of the buffer list. | |
7614 | |
7615 ** If your .emacs file leaves the *scratch* buffer non-empty, | |
7616 Emacs does not display the startup message, so as to avoid changing | |
7617 the *scratch* buffer. | |
7618 | |
7619 ** The new function regexp-opt returns an efficient regexp to match a string. | |
7620 The arguments are STRINGS and (optionally) PAREN. This function can be used | |
7621 where regexp matching or searching is intensively used and speed is important, | |
7622 e.g., in Font Lock mode. | |
7623 | |
7624 ** The variable buffer-display-count is local to each buffer, | |
7625 and is incremented each time the buffer is displayed in a window. | |
7626 It starts at 0 when the buffer is created. | |
7627 | |
7628 ** The new function compose-mail starts composing a mail message | |
7629 using the user's chosen mail composition agent (specified with the | |
7630 variable mail-user-agent). It has variants compose-mail-other-window | |
7631 and compose-mail-other-frame. | |
7632 | |
7633 ** The `user-full-name' function now takes an optional parameter which | |
7634 can either be a number (the UID) or a string (the login name). The | |
7635 full name of the specified user will be returned. | |
7636 | |
7637 ** Lisp packages that load files of customizations, or any other sort | |
7638 of user profile, should obey the variable init-file-user in deciding | |
7639 where to find it. They should load the profile of the user name found | |
7640 in that variable. If init-file-user is nil, meaning that the -q | |
7641 option was used, then Lisp packages should not load the customization | |
7642 files at all. | |
7643 | |
7644 ** format-time-string now allows you to specify the field width | |
7645 and type of padding. This works as in printf: you write the field | |
7646 width as digits in the middle of a %-construct. If you start | |
7647 the field width with 0, it means to pad with zeros. | |
7648 | |
7649 For example, %S normally specifies the number of seconds since the | |
7650 minute; %03S means to pad this with zeros to 3 positions, %_3S to pad | |
7651 with spaces to 3 positions. Plain %3S pads with zeros, because that | |
7652 is how %S normally pads to two positions. | |
7653 | |
7654 ** thing-at-point now supports a new kind of "thing": url. | |
7655 | |
7656 ** imenu.el changes. | |
7657 | |
7658 You can now specify a function to be run when selecting an | |
7659 item from menu created by imenu. | |
7660 | |
7661 An example of using this feature: if we define imenu items for the | |
7662 #include directives in a C file, we can open the included file when we | |
7663 select one of those items. | |
7664 | |
7665 * Emacs 19.34 is a bug-fix release with no user-visible changes. | |
7666 | |
7667 * Changes in Emacs 19.33. | |
7668 | |
7669 ** Bibtex mode no longer turns on Auto Fill automatically. (No major | |
7670 mode should do that--it is the user's choice.) | |
7671 | |
7672 ** The variable normal-auto-fill-function specifies the function to | |
7673 use for auto-fill-function, if and when Auto Fill is turned on. | |
7674 Major modes can set this locally to alter how Auto Fill works. | |
7675 | |
7676 * Editing Changes in Emacs 19.32 | |
7677 | |
7678 ** C-x f with no argument now signals an error. | |
7679 To set the fill column at the current column, use C-u C-x f. | |
7680 | |
7681 ** Expanding dynamic abbrevs with M-/ is now smarter about case | |
7682 conversion. If you type the abbreviation with mixed case, and it | |
7683 matches the beginning of the expansion including case, then the | |
7684 expansion is copied verbatim. Using SPC M-/ to copy an additional | |
7685 word always copies it verbatim except when the previous copied word is | |
7686 all caps. | |
7687 | |
7688 ** On a non-windowing terminal, which can display only one Emacs frame | |
7689 at a time, creating a new frame with C-x 5 2 also selects that frame. | |
7690 | |
7691 When using a display that can show multiple frames at once, C-x 5 2 | |
7692 does make the frame visible, but does not select it. This is the same | |
7693 as in previous Emacs versions. | |
7694 | |
7695 ** You can use C-x 5 2 to create multiple frames on MSDOS, just as on a | |
7696 non-X terminal on Unix. Of course, only one frame is visible at any | |
7697 time, since your terminal doesn't have the ability to display multiple | |
7698 frames. | |
7699 | |
7700 ** On Windows, set win32-pass-alt-to-system to a non-nil value | |
7701 if you would like tapping the Alt key to invoke the Windows menu. | |
7702 This feature is not enabled by default; since the Alt key is also the | |
7703 Meta key, it is too easy and painful to activate this feature by | |
7704 accident. | |
7705 | |
7706 ** The command apply-macro-to-region-lines repeats the last defined | |
7707 keyboard macro once for each complete line within the current region. | |
7708 It does this line by line, by moving point to the beginning of that | |
7709 line and then executing the macro. | |
7710 | |
7711 This command is not new, but was never documented before. | |
7712 | |
7713 ** You can now use Mouse-1 to place the region around a string constant | |
7714 (something surrounded by doublequote characters or other delimiter | |
7715 characters of like syntax) by double-clicking on one of the delimiting | |
7716 characters. | |
7717 | |
7718 ** Font Lock mode | |
7719 | |
7720 *** Font Lock support modes | |
7721 | |
7722 Font Lock can be configured to use Fast Lock mode and Lazy Lock mode (see | |
7723 below) in a flexible way. Rather than adding the appropriate function to the | |
7724 hook font-lock-mode-hook, you can use the new variable font-lock-support-mode | |
7725 to control which modes have Fast Lock mode or Lazy Lock mode turned on when | |
7726 Font Lock mode is enabled. | |
7727 | |
7728 For example, to use Fast Lock mode when Font Lock mode is turned on, put: | |
7729 | |
7730 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'fast-lock-mode) | |
7731 | |
7732 in your ~/.emacs. | |
7733 | |
7734 *** lazy-lock | |
7735 | |
7736 The lazy-lock package speeds up Font Lock mode by making fontification occur | |
7737 only when necessary, such as when a previously unfontified part of the buffer | |
7738 becomes visible in a window. When you create a buffer with Font Lock mode and | |
7739 Lazy Lock mode turned on, the buffer is not fontified. When certain events | |
7740 occur (such as scrolling), Lazy Lock makes sure that the visible parts of the | |
7741 buffer are fontified. Lazy Lock also defers on-the-fly fontification until | |
7742 Emacs has been idle for a given amount of time. | |
7743 | |
7744 To use this package, put in your ~/.emacs: | |
7745 | |
7746 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode) | |
7747 | |
7748 To control the package behaviour, see the documentation for `lazy-lock-mode'. | |
7749 | |
7750 ** Changes in BibTeX mode. | |
7751 | |
7752 *** For all entries allow spaces and tabs between opening brace or | |
7753 paren and key. | |
7754 | |
7755 *** Non-escaped double-quoted characters (as in `Sch"of') are now | |
7756 supported. | |
7757 | |
7758 ** Gnus changes. | |
7759 | |
7760 Gnus, the Emacs news reader, has undergone further rewriting. Many new | |
7761 commands and variables have been added. There should be no | |
7762 significant incompatibilities between this Gnus version and the | |
7763 previously released version, except in the message composition area. | |
7764 | |
7765 Below is a list of the more user-visible changes. Coding changes | |
7766 between Gnus 5.1 and 5.2 are more extensive. | |
7767 | |
7768 *** A new message composition mode is used. All old customization | |
7769 variables for mail-mode, rnews-reply-mode and gnus-msg are now | |
7770 obsolete. | |
7771 | |
7772 *** Gnus is now able to generate "sparse" threads -- threads where | |
7773 missing articles are represented by empty nodes. | |
7774 | |
7775 (setq gnus-build-sparse-threads 'some) | |
7776 | |
7777 *** Outgoing articles are stored on a special archive server. | |
7778 | |
7779 To disable this: (setq gnus-message-archive-group nil) | |
7780 | |
7781 *** Partial thread regeneration now happens when articles are | |
7782 referred. | |
7783 | |
7784 *** Gnus can make use of GroupLens predictions: | |
7785 | |
7786 (setq gnus-use-grouplens t) | |
7787 | |
7788 *** A trn-line tree buffer can be displayed. | |
7789 | |
7790 (setq gnus-use-trees t) | |
7791 | |
7792 *** An nn-like pick-and-read minor mode is available for the summary | |
7793 buffers. | |
7794 | |
7795 (add-hook 'gnus-summary-mode-hook 'gnus-pick-mode) | |
7796 | |
7797 *** In binary groups you can use a special binary minor mode: | |
7798 | |
7799 `M-x gnus-binary-mode' | |
7800 | |
7801 *** Groups can be grouped in a folding topic hierarchy. | |
7802 | |
7803 (add-hook 'gnus-group-mode-hook 'gnus-topic-mode) | |
7804 | |
7805 *** Gnus can re-send and bounce mail. | |
7806 | |
7807 Use the `S D r' and `S D b'. | |
7808 | |
7809 *** Groups can now have a score, and bubbling based on entry frequency | |
7810 is possible. | |
7811 | |
7812 (add-hook 'gnus-summary-exit-hook 'gnus-summary-bubble-group) | |
7813 | |
7814 *** Groups can be process-marked, and commands can be performed on | |
7815 groups of groups. | |
7816 | |
7817 *** Caching is possible in virtual groups. | |
7818 | |
7819 *** nndoc now understands all kinds of digests, mail boxes, rnews news | |
7820 batches, ClariNet briefs collections, and just about everything else. | |
7821 | |
7822 *** Gnus has a new backend (nnsoup) to create/read SOUP packets. | |
7823 | |
7824 *** The Gnus cache is much faster. | |
7825 | |
7826 *** Groups can be sorted according to many criteria. | |
7827 | |
7828 For instance: (setq gnus-group-sort-function 'gnus-group-sort-by-rank) | |
7829 | |
7830 *** New group parameters have been introduced to set list-address and | |
7831 expiration times. | |
7832 | |
7833 *** All formatting specs allow specifying faces to be used. | |
7834 | |
7835 *** There are several more commands for setting/removing/acting on | |
7836 process marked articles on the `M P' submap. | |
7837 | |
7838 *** The summary buffer can be limited to show parts of the available | |
7839 articles based on a wide range of criteria. These commands have been | |
7840 bound to keys on the `/' submap. | |
7841 | |
7842 *** Articles can be made persistent -- as an alternative to saving | |
7843 articles with the `*' command. | |
7844 | |
7845 *** All functions for hiding article elements are now toggles. | |
7846 | |
7847 *** Article headers can be buttonized. | |
7848 | |
7849 (add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook 'gnus-article-add-buttons-to-head) | |
7850 | |
7851 *** All mail backends support fetching articles by Message-ID. | |
7852 | |
7853 *** Duplicate mail can now be treated properly. See the | |
7854 `nnmail-treat-duplicates' variable. | |
7855 | |
7856 *** All summary mode commands are available directly from the article | |
7857 buffer. | |
7858 | |
7859 *** Frames can be part of `gnus-buffer-configuration'. | |
7860 | |
7861 *** Mail can be re-scanned by a daemonic process. | |
7862 | |
7863 *** Gnus can make use of NoCeM files to filter spam. | |
7864 | |
7865 (setq gnus-use-nocem t) | |
7866 | |
7867 *** Groups can be made permanently visible. | |
7868 | |
7869 (setq gnus-permanently-visible-groups "^nnml:") | |
7870 | |
7871 *** Many new hooks have been introduced to make customizing easier. | |
7872 | |
7873 *** Gnus respects the Mail-Copies-To header. | |
7874 | |
7875 *** Threads can be gathered by looking at the References header. | |
7876 | |
7877 (setq gnus-summary-thread-gathering-function | |
7878 'gnus-gather-threads-by-references) | |
7879 | |
7880 *** Read articles can be stored in a special backlog buffer to avoid | |
7881 refetching. | |
7882 | |
7883 (setq gnus-keep-backlog 50) | |
7884 | |
7885 *** A clean copy of the current article is always stored in a separate | |
7886 buffer to allow easier treatment. | |
7887 | |
7888 *** Gnus can suggest where to save articles. See `gnus-split-methods'. | |
7889 | |
7890 *** Gnus doesn't have to do as much prompting when saving. | |
7891 | |
7892 (setq gnus-prompt-before-saving t) | |
7893 | |
7894 *** gnus-uu can view decoded files asynchronously while fetching | |
7895 articles. | |
7896 | |
7897 (setq gnus-uu-grabbed-file-functions 'gnus-uu-grab-view) | |
7898 | |
7899 *** Filling in the article buffer now works properly on cited text. | |
7900 | |
7901 *** Hiding cited text adds buttons to toggle hiding, and how much | |
7902 cited text to hide is now customizable. | |
7903 | |
7904 (setq gnus-cited-lines-visible 2) | |
7905 | |
7906 *** Boring headers can be hidden. | |
7907 | |
7908 (add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook 'gnus-article-hide-boring-headers) | |
7909 | |
7910 *** Default scoring values can now be set from the menu bar. | |
7911 | |
7912 *** Further syntax checking of outgoing articles have been added. | |
7913 | |
7914 The Gnus manual has been expanded. It explains all these new features | |
7915 in greater detail. | |
7916 | |
7917 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 19.32 | |
7918 | |
7919 ** The function set-visited-file-name now accepts an optional | |
7920 second argument NO-QUERY. If it is non-nil, then the user is not | |
7921 asked for confirmation in the case where the specified file already | |
7922 exists. | |
7923 | |
7924 ** The variable print-length applies to printing vectors and bitvectors, | |
7925 as well as lists. | |
7926 | |
7927 ** The new function keymap-parent returns the parent keymap | |
7928 of a given keymap. | |
7929 | |
7930 ** The new function set-keymap-parent specifies a new parent for a | |
7931 given keymap. The arguments are KEYMAP and PARENT. PARENT must be a | |
7932 keymap or nil. | |
7933 | |
7934 ** Sometimes menu keymaps use a command name, a symbol, which is really | |
7935 an automatically generated alias for some other command, the "real" | |
7936 name. In such a case, you should give that alias symbol a non-nil | |
7937 menu-alias property. That property tells the menu system to look for | |
7938 equivalent keys for the real name instead of equivalent keys for the | |
7939 alias. | |
7940 | |
7941 * Editing Changes in Emacs 19.31 | |
7942 | |
7943 ** Freedom of the press restricted in the United States. | |
7944 | |
7945 Emacs has been censored in accord with the Communications Decency Act. | |
7946 This includes removing some features of the doctor program. That law | |
7947 was described by its supporters as a ban on pornography, but it bans | |
7948 far more than that. The Emacs distribution has never contained any | |
7949 pornography, but parts of it were nonetheless prohibited. | |
7950 | |
7951 For information on US government censorship of the Internet, and what | |
7952 you can do to bring back freedom of the press, see the web site | |
7953 `http://www.vtw.org/'. | |
7954 | |
7955 ** A note about C mode indentation customization. | |
7956 | |
7957 The old (Emacs 19.29) ways of specifying a C indentation style | |
7958 do not normally work in the new implementation of C mode. | |
7959 It has its own methods of customizing indentation, which are | |
7960 much more powerful than the old C mode. See the Editing Programs | |
7961 chapter of the manual for details. | |
7962 | |
7963 However, you can load the library cc-compat to make the old | |
7964 customization variables take effect. | |
7965 | |
7966 ** Marking with the mouse. | |
7967 | |
7968 When you mark a region with the mouse, the region now remains | |
7969 highlighted until the next input event, regardless of whether you are | |
7970 using M-x transient-mark-mode. | |
7971 | |
7972 ** Improved Windows NT/95 support. | |
7973 | |
7974 *** Emacs now supports scroll bars on Windows NT and Windows 95. | |
7975 | |
7976 *** Emacs now supports subprocesses on Windows 95. (Subprocesses used | |
7977 to work on NT only and not on 95.) | |
7978 | |
7979 *** There are difficulties with subprocesses, though, due to problems | |
7980 in Windows, beyond the control of Emacs. They work fine as long as | |
7981 you run Windows applications. The problems arise when you run a DOS | |
7982 application in a subprocesses. Since current shells run as DOS | |
7983 applications, these problems are significant. | |
7984 | |
7985 If you run a DOS application in a subprocess, then the application is | |
7986 likely to busy-wait, which means that your machine will be 100% busy. | |
7987 However, if you don't mind the temporary heavy load, the subprocess | |
7988 will work OK as long as you tell it to terminate before you start any | |
7989 other DOS application as a subprocess. | |
7990 | |
7991 Emacs is unable to terminate or interrupt a DOS subprocess. | |
7992 You have to do this by providing input directly to the subprocess. | |
7993 | |
7994 If you run two DOS applications at the same time in two separate | |
7995 subprocesses, even if one of them is asynchronous, you will probably | |
7996 have to reboot your machine--until then, it will remain 100% busy. | |
7997 Windows simply does not cope when one Windows process tries to run two | |
7998 separate DOS subprocesses. Typing CTL-ALT-DEL and then choosing | |
7999 Shutdown seems to work although it may take a few minutes. | |
8000 | |
8001 ** M-x resize-minibuffer-mode. | |
8002 | |
8003 This command, not previously mentioned in NEWS, toggles a mode in | |
8004 which the minibuffer window expands to show as many lines as the | |
8005 minibuffer contains. | |
8006 | |
8007 ** `title' frame parameter and resource. | |
8008 | |
8009 The `title' X resource now specifies just the frame title, nothing else. | |
8010 It does not affect the name used for looking up other X resources. | |
8011 It works by setting the new `title' frame parameter, which likewise | |
8012 affects just the displayed title of the frame. | |
8013 | |
8014 The `name' parameter continues to do what it used to do: | |
8015 it specifies the frame name for looking up X resources, | |
8016 and also serves as the default for the displayed title | |
8017 when the `title' parameter is unspecified or nil. | |
8018 | |
8019 ** Emacs now uses the X toolkit by default, if you have a new | |
8020 enough version of X installed (X11R5 or newer). | |
8021 | |
8022 ** When you compile Emacs with the Motif widget set, Motif handles the | |
8023 F10 key by activating the menu bar. To avoid confusion, the usual | |
8024 Emacs binding of F10 is replaced with a no-op when using Motif. | |
8025 | |
8026 If you want to be able to use F10 in Emacs, you can rebind the Motif | |
8027 menubar to some other key which you don't use. To do so, add | |
8028 something like this to your X resources file. This example rebinds | |
8029 the Motif menu bar activation key to S-F12: | |
8030 | |
8031 Emacs*defaultVirtualBindings: osfMenuBar : Shift<Key>F12 | |
8032 | |
8033 ** In overwrite mode, DEL now inserts spaces in most cases | |
8034 to replace the characters it "deletes". | |
8035 | |
8036 ** The Rmail summary now shows the number of lines in each message. | |
8037 | |
8038 ** Rmail has a new command M-x unforward-rmail-message, which extracts | |
8039 a forwarded message from the message that forwarded it. To use it, | |
8040 select a message which contains a forwarded message and then type the command. | |
8041 It inserts the forwarded message as a separate Rmail message | |
8042 immediately after the selected one. | |
8043 | |
8044 This command also undoes the textual modifications that are standardly | |
8045 made, as part of forwarding, by Rmail and other mail reader programs. | |
8046 | |
8047 ** Turning off saving of .saves-... files in your home directory. | |
8048 | |
8049 Each Emacs session writes a file named .saves-... in your home | |
8050 directory to record which files M-x recover-session should recover. | |
8051 If you exit Emacs normally with C-x C-c, it deletes that file. If | |
8052 Emacs or the operating system crashes, the file remains for M-x | |
8053 recover-session. | |
8054 | |
8055 You can turn off the writing of these files by setting | |
8056 auto-save-list-file-name to nil. If you do this, M-x recover-session | |
8057 will not work. | |
8058 | |
8059 Some previous Emacs versions failed to delete these files even on | |
8060 normal exit. This is fixed now. If you are thinking of turning off | |
8061 this feature because of past experiences with versions that had this | |
8062 bug, it would make sense to check whether you still want to do so | |
8063 now that the bug is fixed. | |
8064 | |
8065 ** Changes to Version Control (VC) | |
8066 | |
8067 There is a new variable, vc-follow-symlinks. It indicates what to do | |
8068 when you visit a link to a file that is under version control. | |
8069 Editing the file through the link bypasses the version control system, | |
8070 which is dangerous and probably not what you want. | |
8071 | |
8072 If this variable is t, VC follows the link and visits the real file, | |
8073 telling you about it in the echo area. If it is `ask' (the default), | |
8074 VC asks for confirmation whether it should follow the link. If nil, | |
8075 the link is visited and a warning displayed. | |
8076 | |
8077 ** iso-acc.el now lets you specify a choice of language. | |
8078 Languages include "latin-1" (the default) and "latin-2" (which | |
8079 is designed for entering ISO Latin-2 characters). | |
8080 | |
8081 There are also choices for specific human languages such as French and | |
8082 Portuguese. These are subsets of Latin-1, which differ in that they | |
8083 enable only the accent characters needed for particular language. | |
8084 The other accent characters, not needed for the chosen language, | |
8085 remain normal. | |
8086 | |
8087 ** Posting articles and sending mail now has M-TAB completion on various | |
8088 header fields (Newsgroups, To, CC, ...). | |
8089 | |
8090 Completion in the Newsgroups header depends on the list of groups | |
8091 known to your news reader. Completion in the Followup-To header | |
8092 offers those groups which are in the Newsgroups header, since | |
8093 Followup-To usually just holds one of those. | |
8094 | |
8095 Completion in fields that hold mail addresses works based on the list | |
8096 of local users plus your aliases. Additionally, if your site provides | |
8097 a mail directory or a specific host to use for any unrecognized user | |
8098 name, you can arrange to query that host for completion also. (See the | |
8099 documentation of variables `mail-directory-process' and | |
8100 `mail-directory-stream'.) | |
8101 | |
8102 ** A greatly extended sgml-mode offers new features such as (to be configured) | |
8103 skeletons with completing read for tags and attributes, typing named | |
8104 characters including optionally all 8bit characters, making tags invisible | |
8105 with optional alternate display text, skipping and deleting tag(pair)s. | |
8106 | |
8107 Note: since Emacs' syntax feature cannot limit the special meaning of ', " and | |
8108 - to inside <>, for some texts the result, especially of font locking, may be | |
8109 wrong (see `sgml-specials' if you get wrong results). | |
8110 | |
8111 The derived html-mode configures this with tags and attributes more or | |
8112 less HTML3ish. It also offers optional quick keys like C-c 1 for | |
8113 headline or C-c u for unordered list (see `html-quick-keys'). Edit / | |
8114 Text Properties / Face or M-g combinations create tags as applicable. | |
8115 Outline minor mode is supported and level 1 font-locking tries to | |
8116 fontify tag contents (which only works when they fit on one line, due | |
8117 to a limitation in font-lock). | |
8118 | |
8119 External viewing via browse-url can occur automatically upon saving. | |
8120 | |
8121 ** M-x imenu-add-to-menubar now adds to the menu bar for the current | |
8122 buffer only. If you want to put an Imenu item in the menu bar for all | |
8123 buffers that use a particular major mode, use the mode hook, as in | |
8124 this example: | |
8125 | |
8126 (add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook | |
8127 '(lambda () (imenu-add-to-menubar "Index"))) | |
8128 | |
8129 ** Changes in BibTeX mode. | |
8130 | |
8131 *** Field names may now contain digits, hyphens, and underscores. | |
8132 | |
8133 *** Font Lock mode is now supported. | |
8134 | |
8135 *** bibtex-make-optional-field is no longer interactive. | |
8136 | |
8137 *** If bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries is non-nil, inserting new | |
8138 entries is now done with a faster algorithm. However, inserting | |
8139 will fail in this case if the buffer contains invalid entries or | |
8140 isn't in sorted order, so you should finish each entry with C-c C-c | |
8141 (bibtex-close-entry) after you have inserted or modified it. | |
8142 The default value of bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries is nil. | |
8143 | |
8144 *** Function `show-all' is no longer bound to a key, since C-u C-c C-q | |
8145 does the same job. | |
8146 | |
8147 *** Entries with quotes inside quote-delimited fields (as `author = | |
8148 "Stefan Sch{\"o}f"') are now supported. | |
8149 | |
8150 *** Case in field names doesn't matter anymore when searching for help | |
8151 text. | |
8152 | |
8153 ** Font Lock mode | |
8154 | |
8155 *** Global Font Lock mode | |
8156 | |
8157 Font Lock mode can be turned on globally, in buffers that support it, by the | |
8158 new command global-font-lock-mode. You can use the new variable | |
8159 font-lock-global-modes to control which modes have Font Lock mode automagically | |
8160 turned on. By default, this variable is set so that Font Lock mode is turned | |
8161 on globally where the buffer mode supports it. | |
8162 | |
8163 For example, to automagically turn on Font Lock mode where supported, put: | |
8164 | |
8165 (global-font-lock-mode t) | |
8166 | |
8167 in your ~/.emacs. | |
8168 | |
8169 *** Local Refontification | |
8170 | |
8171 In Font Lock mode, editing a line automatically refontifies that line only. | |
8172 However, if your change alters the syntactic context for following lines, | |
8173 those lines remain incorrectly fontified. To refontify them, use the new | |
8174 command M-g M-g (font-lock-fontify-block). | |
8175 | |
8176 In certain major modes, M-g M-g refontifies the entire current function. | |
8177 (The variable font-lock-mark-block-function controls how to find the | |
8178 current function.) In other major modes, M-g M-g refontifies 16 lines | |
8179 above and below point. | |
8180 | |
8181 With a prefix argument N, M-g M-g refontifies N lines above and below point. | |
8182 | |
8183 ** Follow mode | |
8184 | |
8185 Follow mode is a new minor mode combining windows showing the same | |
8186 buffer into one tall "virtual window". The windows are typically two | |
8187 side-by-side windows. Follow mode makes them scroll together as if | |
8188 they were a unit. To use it, go to a frame with just one window, | |
8189 split it into two side-by-side windows using C-x 3, and then type M-x | |
8190 follow-mode. | |
8191 | |
8192 M-x follow-mode turns off Follow mode if it is already enabled. | |
8193 | |
8194 To display two side-by-side windows and activate Follow mode, use the | |
8195 command M-x follow-delete-other-windows-and-split. | |
8196 | |
8197 ** hide-show changes. | |
8198 | |
8199 The hooks hs-hide-hooks and hs-show-hooks have been renamed | |
8200 to hs-hide-hook and hs-show-hook, to follow the convention for | |
8201 normal hooks. | |
8202 | |
8203 ** Simula mode now has a menu containing the most important commands. | |
8204 The new command simula-indent-exp is bound to C-M-q. | |
8205 | |
8206 ** etags can now handle programs written in Erlang. Files are | |
8207 recognised by the extensions .erl and .hrl. The tagged lines are | |
8208 those that begin a function, record, or macro. | |
8209 | |
8210 ** MSDOS Changes | |
8211 | |
8212 *** It is now possible to compile Emacs with the version 2 of DJGPP. | |
8213 Compilation with DJGPP version 1 also still works. | |
8214 | |
8215 *** The documentation of DOS-specific aspects of Emacs was rewritten | |
8216 and expanded; see the ``MS-DOS'' node in the on-line docs. | |
8217 | |
8218 *** Emacs now uses ~ for backup file names, not .bak. | |
8219 | |
8220 *** You can simulate mouse-3 on two-button mice by simultaneously | |
8221 pressing both mouse buttons. | |
8222 | |
8223 *** A number of packages and commands which previously failed or had | |
8224 restricted functionality on MS-DOS, now work. The most important ones | |
8225 are: | |
8226 | |
8227 **** Printing (both with `M-x lpr-buffer' and with `ps-print' package) | |
8228 now works. | |
8229 | |
8230 **** `Ediff' works (in a single-frame mode). | |
8231 | |
8232 **** `M-x display-time' can be used on MS-DOS (due to the new | |
8233 implementation of Emacs timers, see below). | |
8234 | |
8235 **** `Dired' supports Unix-style shell wildcards. | |
8236 | |
8237 **** The `c-macro-expand' command now works as on other platforms. | |
8238 | |
8239 **** `M-x recover-session' works. | |
8240 | |
8241 **** `M-x list-colors-display' displays all the available colors. | |
8242 | |
8243 **** The `TPU-EDT' package works. | |
8244 | |
8245 * Lisp changes in Emacs 19.31. | |
8246 | |
8247 ** The function using-unix-filesystems on Windows NT and Windows 95 | |
8248 tells Emacs to read and write files assuming that they reside on a | |
8249 remote Unix filesystem. No CR/LF translation is done on any files in | |
8250 this case. Invoking using-unix-filesystems with t activates this | |
8251 behavior, and invoking it with any other value deactivates it. | |
8252 | |
8253 ** Change in system-type and system-configuration values. | |
8254 | |
8255 The value of system-type on a Linux-based GNU system is now `lignux', | |
8256 not `linux'. This means that some programs which use `system-type' | |
8257 need to be changed. The value of `system-configuration' will also | |
8258 be different. | |
8259 | |
8260 It is generally recommended to use `system-configuration' rather | |
8261 than `system-type'. | |
8262 | |
8263 See the file LINUX-GNU in this directory for more about this. | |
8264 | |
8265 ** The functions shell-command and dired-call-process | |
8266 now run file name handlers for default-directory, if it has them. | |
8267 | |
8268 ** Undoing the deletion of text now restores the positions of markers | |
8269 that pointed into or next to the deleted text. | |
8270 | |
8271 ** Timers created with run-at-time now work internally to Emacs, and | |
8272 no longer use a separate process. Therefore, they now work more | |
8273 reliably and can be used for shorter time delays. | |
8274 | |
8275 The new function run-with-timer is a convenient way to set up a timer | |
8276 to run a specified amount of time after the present. A call looks | |
8277 like this: | |
8278 | |
8279 (run-with-timer SECS REPEAT FUNCTION ARGS...) | |
8280 | |
8281 SECS says how many seconds should elapse before the timer happens. | |
8282 It may be an integer or a floating point number. When the timer | |
8283 becomes ripe, the action is to call FUNCTION with arguments ARGS. | |
8284 | |
8285 REPEAT gives the interval for repeating the timer (measured in | |
8286 seconds). It may be an integer or a floating point number. nil or 0 | |
8287 means don't repeat at all--call FUNCTION just once. | |
8288 | |
8289 *** with-timeout provides an easy way to do something but give | |
8290 up if too much time passes. | |
8291 | |
8292 (with-timeout (SECONDS TIMEOUT-FORMS...) BODY...) | |
8293 | |
8294 This executes BODY, but gives up after SECONDS seconds. | |
8295 If it gives up, it runs the TIMEOUT-FORMS and returns the value | |
8296 of the last one of them. Normally it returns the value of the last | |
8297 form in BODY. | |
8298 | |
8299 *** You can now arrange to call a function whenever Emacs is idle for | |
8300 a certain length of time. To do this, call run-with-idle-timer. A | |
8301 call looks like this: | |
8302 | |
8303 (run-with-idle-timer SECS REPEAT FUNCTION ARGS...) | |
8304 | |
8305 SECS says how many seconds of idleness should elapse before the timer | |
8306 runs. It may be an integer or a floating point number. When the | |
8307 timer becomes ripe, the action is to call FUNCTION with arguments | |
8308 ARGS. | |
8309 | |
8310 Emacs becomes idle whenever it finishes executing a keyboard or mouse | |
8311 command. It remains idle until it receives another keyboard or mouse | |
8312 command. | |
8313 | |
8314 REPEAT, if non-nil, means this timer should be activated again each | |
8315 time Emacs becomes idle and remains idle for SECS seconds The timer | |
8316 does not repeat if Emacs *remains* idle; it runs at most once after | |
8317 each time Emacs becomes idle. | |
8318 | |
8319 If REPEAT is nil, the timer runs just once, the first time Emacs is | |
8320 idle for SECS seconds. | |
8321 | |
8322 *** post-command-idle-hook is now obsolete; you shouldn't use it at | |
8323 all, because it interferes with the idle timer mechanism. If your | |
8324 programs use post-command-idle-hook, convert them to use idle timers | |
8325 instead. | |
8326 | |
8327 *** y-or-n-p-with-timeout lets you ask a question but give up if | |
8328 there is no answer within a certain time. | |
8329 | |
8330 (y-or-n-p-with-timeout PROMPT SECONDS DEFAULT-VALUE) | |
8331 | |
8332 asks the question PROMPT (just like y-or-n-p). If the user answers | |
8333 within SECONDS seconds, it returns the answer that the user gave. | |
8334 Otherwise it gives up after SECONDS seconds, and returns DEFAULT-VALUE. | |
8335 | |
8336 ** Minor change to `encode-time': you can now pass more than seven | |
8337 arguments. If you do that, the first six arguments have the usual | |
8338 meaning, the last argument is interpreted as the time zone, and the | |
8339 arguments in between are ignored. | |
8340 | |
8341 This means that it works to use the list returned by `decode-time' as | |
8342 the list of arguments for `encode-time'. | |
8343 | |
8344 ** The default value of load-path now includes the directory | |
8345 /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp In addition to | |
8346 /usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp. You can use this new directory for | |
8347 site-specific Lisp packages that belong with a particular Emacs | |
8348 version. | |
8349 | |
8350 It is not unusual for a Lisp package that works well in one Emacs | |
8351 version to cause trouble in another. Sometimes packages need updating | |
8352 for incompatible changes; sometimes they look at internal data that | |
8353 has changed; sometimes the package has been installed in Emacs itself | |
8354 and the installed version should be used. Whatever the reason for the | |
8355 problem, this new feature makes it easier to solve. | |
8356 | |
8357 ** When your program contains a fixed file name (like .completions or | |
8358 .abbrev.defs), the file name usually needs to be different on operating | |
8359 systems with limited file name syntax. | |
8360 | |
8361 Now you can avoid ad-hoc conditionals by using the function | |
8362 convert-standard-filename to convert the file name to a proper form | |
8363 for each operating system. Here is an example of use, from the file | |
8364 completions.el: | |
8365 | |
8366 (defvar save-completions-file-name | |
8367 (convert-standard-filename "~/.completions") | |
8368 "*The filename to save completions to.") | |
8369 | |
8370 This sets the variable save-completions-file-name to a value that | |
8371 depends on the operating system, because the definition of | |
8372 convert-standard-filename depends on the operating system. On | |
8373 Unix-like systems, it returns the specified file name unchanged. On | |
8374 MS-DOS, it adapts the name to fit the limitations of that system. | |
8375 | |
8376 ** The interactive spec N now returns the numeric prefix argument | |
8377 rather than the raw prefix argument. (It still reads a number using the | |
8378 minibuffer if there is no prefix argument at all.) | |
8379 | |
8380 ** When a process is deleted, this no longer disconnects the process | |
8381 marker from its buffer position. | |
8382 | |
8383 ** The variable garbage-collection-messages now controls whether | |
8384 Emacs displays a message at the beginning and end of garbage collection. | |
8385 The default is nil, meaning there are no messages. | |
8386 | |
8387 ** The variable debug-ignored-errors specifies certain kinds of errors | |
8388 that should not enter the debugger. Its value is a list of error | |
8389 condition symbols and/or regular expressions. If the error has any | |
8390 of the condition symbols listed, or if any of the regular expressions | |
8391 matches the error message, then that error does not enter the debugger, | |
8392 regardless of the value of debug-on-error. | |
8393 | |
8394 This variable is initialized to match certain common but uninteresting | |
8395 errors that happen often during editing. | |
8396 | |
8397 ** The new function error-message-string converts an error datum | |
8398 into its error message. The error datum is what condition-case | |
8399 puts into the variable, to describe the error that happened. | |
8400 | |
8401 ** Anything that changes which buffer appears in a given window | |
8402 now runs the window-scroll-functions for that window. | |
8403 | |
8404 ** The new function get-buffer-window-list returns a list of windows displaying | |
8405 a buffer. The function is called with the buffer (a buffer object or a buffer | |
8406 name) and two optional arguments specifying the minibuffer windows and frames | |
8407 to search. Therefore this function takes optional args like next-window etc., | |
8408 and not get-buffer-window. | |
8409 | |
8410 ** buffer-substring now runs the hook buffer-access-fontify-functions, | |
8411 calling each function with two arguments--the range of the buffer | |
8412 being accessed. buffer-substring-no-properties does not call them. | |
8413 | |
8414 If you use this feature, you should set the variable | |
8415 buffer-access-fontified-property to a non-nil symbol, which is a | |
8416 property name. Then, if all the characters in the buffer range have a | |
8417 non-nil value for that property, the buffer-access-fontify-functions | |
8418 are not called. When called, these functions should put a non-nil | |
8419 property on the text that they fontify, so that they won't get called | |
8420 over and over for the same text. | |
8421 | |
8422 ** Changes in lisp-mnt.el | |
8423 | |
8424 *** The lisp-mnt package can now recognize file headers that are written | |
8425 in the formats used by the `what' command and the RCS `ident' command: | |
8426 | |
8427 ;; @(#) HEADER: text | |
8428 ;; $HEADER: text $ | |
8429 | |
8430 in addition to the normal | |
8431 | |
8432 ;; HEADER: text | |
8433 | |
8434 *** The commands lm-verify and lm-synopsis are now interactive. lm-verify | |
8435 checks that the library file has proper sections and headers, and | |
8436 lm-synopsis extracts first line "synopsis'"information. | |
8437 | |
8438 | |
8439 | |
8440 * For older news, see the file ONEWS | |
3461 | 8441 |
3462 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | 8442 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
3463 Copyright information: | 8443 Copyright information: |
3464 | 8444 |
3465 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | 8445 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |