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author Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
date Thu, 17 Aug 2000 15:38:59 +0000
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1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 5 Jan 2000 1 Old GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes thru version 15.
2 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 2 Copyright (C) 1985 Richard M. Stallman.
3 See the end for copying conditions. 3 See the end for copying conditions.
4 4
5 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org. 5 Changes in Emacs 15
6 For older news, see the file ONEWS. 6
7 7 * Emacs now runs on Sun and Megatest 68000 systems;
8 ^L 8 also on at least one 16000 system running 4.2.
9 * Emacs 20.7 is a bug-fix release with few user-visible changes 9
10 10 * Emacs now alters the output-start and output-stop characters
11 ** It is now possible to use CCL-based coding systems for keyboard 11 to prevent C-s and C-q from being considered as flow control
12 input. 12 by cretinous rlogin software in 4.2.
13 13
14 ** ange-ftp now handles FTP security extensions, like Kerberos. 14 * It is now possible convert Mocklisp code (for Gosling Emacs) to Lisp code
15 15 that can run in GNU Emacs. M-x convert-mocklisp-buffer
16 ** Rmail has been extended to recognize more forms of digest messages. 16 converts the contents of the current buffer from Mocklisp to
17 17 GNU Emacs Lisp. You should then save the converted buffer with C-x C-w
18 ** Now, most coding systems set in keyboard coding system work not 18 under a name ending in ".el"
19 only for character input, but also in incremental search. The 19
20 exceptions are such coding systems that handle 2-byte character sets 20 There are probably some Mocklisp constructs that are not handled.
21 (e.g euc-kr, euc-jp) and that use ISO's escape sequence 21 If you encounter one, feel free to report the failure as a bug.
22 (e.g. iso-2022-jp). They are ignored in incremental search. 22 The construct will be handled in a future Emacs release, if that is not
23 23 not too hard to do.
24 ** Support for Macintosh PowerPC-based machines running GNU/Linux has 24
25 been added. 25 Note that lisp code converted from Mocklisp code will not necessarily
26 26 run as fast as code specifically written for GNU Emacs, nor will it use
27 ^L 27 the many features of GNU Emacs which are not present in Gosling's emacs.
28 * Emacs 20.6 is a bug-fix release with one user-visible change 28 (In particular, the byte-compiler (m-x byte-compile-file) knows little
29 29 about compilation of code directly converted from mocklisp.)
30 ** Support for ARM-based non-RISCiX machines has been added. 30 It is envisaged that old mocklisp code will be incrementally converted
31 31 to GNU lisp code, with M-x convert-mocklisp-buffer being the first
32 ^L 32 step in this process.
33 * Emacs 20.5 is a bug-fix release with no user-visible changes. 33
34 34 * Control-x n (narrow-to-region) is now by default a disabled command.
35 ** Not new, but not mentioned before: 35
36 M-w when Transient Mark mode is enabled disables the mark. 36 This means that, if you issue this command, it will ask whether
37 37 you really mean it. You have the opportunity to enable the
38 * Changes in Emacs 20.4 38 command permanently at that time, so you will not be asked again.
39 39 This will place the form "(put 'narrow-to-region 'disabled nil)" in your
40 ** Init file may be called .emacs.el. 40 .emacs file.
41 41
42 You can now call the Emacs init file `.emacs.el'. 42 * Tags now prompts for the tag table file name to use.
43 Formerly the name had to be `.emacs'. If you use the name 43
44 `.emacs.el', you can byte-compile the file in the usual way. 44 All the tags commands ask for the tag table file name
45 45 if you have not yet specified one.
46 If both `.emacs' and `.emacs.el' exist, the latter file 46
47 is the one that is used. 47 Also, the command M-x visit-tag-table can now be used to
48 48 specify the tag table file name initially, or to switch
49 ** shell-command, and shell-command-on-region, now return 49 to a new tag table.
50 the exit code of the command (unless it is asynchronous). 50
51 Also, you can specify a place to put the error output, 51 * If truncate-partial-width-windows is non-nil (as it intially is),
52 separate from the command's regular output. 52 all windows less than the full screen width (that is,
53 Interactively, the variable shell-command-default-error-buffer 53 made by side-by-side splitting) truncate lines rather than continuing
54 says where to put error output; set it to a buffer name. 54 them.
55 In calls from Lisp, an optional argument ERROR-BUFFER specifies 55
56 the buffer name. 56 * Emacs now checks for Lisp stack overflow to avoid fatal errors.
57 57 The depth in eval, apply and funcall may not exceed max-lisp-eval-depth.
58 When you specify a non-nil error buffer (or buffer name), any error 58 The depth in variable bindings and unwind-protects may not exceed
59 output is inserted before point in that buffer, with \f\n to separate 59 max-specpdl-size. If either limit is exceeded, an error occurs.
60 it from the previous batch of error output. The error buffer is not 60 You can set the limits to larger values if you wish, but if you make them
61 cleared, so error output from successive commands accumulates there. 61 too large, you are vulnerable to a fatal error if you invoke
62 62 Lisp code that does infinite recursion.
63 ** Setting the default value of enable-multibyte-characters to nil in 63
64 the .emacs file, either explicitly using setq-default, or via Custom, 64 * New hooks find-file-hook and write-file-hook.
65 is now essentially equivalent to using --unibyte: all buffers 65 Both of these variables if non-nil should be functions of no arguments.
66 created during startup will be made unibyte after loading .emacs. 66 At the time they are called (current-buffer) will be the buffer being
67 67 read or written respectively.
68 ** C-x C-f now handles the wildcards * and ? in file names. For 68
69 example, typing C-x C-f c*.c RET visits all the files whose names 69 find-file-hook is called whenever a file is read into its own buffer,
70 match c*.c. To visit a file whose name contains * or ?, add the 70 such as by calling find-file, revert-buffer, etc. It is not called by
71 quoting sequence /: to the beginning of the file name. 71 functions such as insert-file which do not read the file into a buffer of
72 72 its own.
73 ** The M-x commands keep-lines, flush-lines and count-matches 73 find-file-hook is called after the file has been read in and its
74 now have the same feature as occur and query-replace: 74 local variables (if any) have been processed.
75 if the pattern contains any upper case letters, then 75
76 they never ignore case. 76 write-file-hook is called just before writing out a file from a buffer.
77 77
78 ** The end-of-line format conversion feature previously mentioned 78 * The initial value of shell-prompt-pattern is now "^[^#$%>]*[#$%>] *"
79 under `* Emacs 20.1 changes for MS-DOS and MS-Windows' actually 79
80 applies to all operating systems. Emacs recognizes from the contents 80 * If the .emacs file sets inhibit-startup-message to non-nil,
81 of a file what convention it uses to separate lines--newline, CRLF, or 81 the messages normally printed by Emacs at startup time
82 just CR--and automatically converts the contents to the normal Emacs 82 are inhibited.
83 convention (using newline to separate lines) for editing. This is a 83
84 part of the general feature of coding system conversion. 84 * Facility for run-time conditionalization on the basis of emacs features.
85 85
86 If you subsequently save the buffer, Emacs converts the text back to 86 The new variable features is a list of symbols which represent "features"
87 the same format that was used in the file before. 87 of the executing emacs, for use in run-time conditionalization.
88 88
89 You can turn off end-of-line conversion by setting the variable 89 The function featurep of one argument may be used to test for the
90 `inhibit-eol-conversion' to non-nil, e.g. with Custom in the MULE group. 90 presence of a feature. It is just the same as
91 91 (not (null (memq FEATURE features))) where FEATURE is its argument.
92 ** The character set property `prefered-coding-system' has been 92 For example, (if (featurep 'magic-window-hack)
93 renamed to `preferred-coding-system', for the sake of correct spelling. 93 (transmogrify-window 'vertical)
94 This is a fairly internal feature, so few programs should be affected. 94 (split-window-vertically))
95 95
96 ** Mode-line display of end-of-line format is changed. 96 The function provide of one argument "announces" that FEATURE is present.
97 The indication of the end-of-line format of the file visited by a 97 It is much the same as (if (not (featurep FEATURE))
98 buffer is now more explicit when that format is not the usual one for 98 (setq features (cons FEATURE features)))
99 your operating system. For example, the DOS-style end-of-line format 99
100 is displayed as "(DOS)" on Unix and GNU/Linux systems. The usual 100 The function require with arguments FEATURE and FILE-NAME loads FILE-NAME
101 end-of-line format is still displayed as a single character (colon for 101 (which should contain the form (provide FEATURE)) unless FEATURE is present.
102 Unix, backslash for DOS and Windows, and forward slash for the Mac). 102 It is much the same as (if (not (featurep FEATURE))
103 103 (progn (load FILE-NAME)
104 The values of the variables eol-mnemonic-unix, eol-mnemonic-dos, 104 (if (not featurep FEATURE) (error ...))))
105 eol-mnemonic-mac, and eol-mnemonic-undecided, which are strings, 105 FILE-NAME is optional and defaults to FEATURE.
106 control what is displayed in the mode line for each end-of-line 106
107 format. You can now customize these variables. 107 * New function load-average.
108 108
109 ** In the previous version of Emacs, tar-mode didn't work well if a 109 This returns a list of three integers, which are
110 filename contained non-ASCII characters. Now this is fixed. Such a 110 the current 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages,
111 filename is decoded by file-name-coding-system if the default value of 111 each multiplied by a hundred (since normally they are floating
112 enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil. 112 point numbers).
113 113
114 ** The command temp-buffer-resize-mode toggles a minor mode 114 * Per-terminal libraries loaded automatically.
115 in which temporary buffers (such as help buffers) are given 115
116 windows just big enough to hold the whole contents. 116 Emacs when starting up on terminal type T automatically loads
117 117 a library named term-T. T is the value of the TERM environment variable.
118 ** If you use completion.el, you must now run the function 118 Thus, on terminal type vt100, Emacs would do (load "term-vt100" t t).
119 dynamic-completion-mode to enable it. Just loading the file 119 Such libraries are good places to set the character translation table.
120 doesn't have any effect. 120
121 121 It is a bad idea to redefine lots of commands in a per-terminal library,
122 ** In Flyspell mode, the default is now to make just one Ispell process, 122 since this affects all users. Instead, define a command to do the
123 not one per buffer. 123 redefinitions and let the user's init file, which is loaded later,
124 124 call that command or not, as the user prefers.
125 ** If you use iswitchb but do not call (iswitchb-default-keybindings) to 125
126 use the default keybindings, you will need to add the following line: 126 * Programmer's note: detecting killed buffers.
127 (add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'iswitchb-minibuffer-setup) 127
128 128 Buffers are eliminated by explicitly killing them, using
129 ** Auto-show mode is no longer enabled just by loading auto-show.el. 129 the function kill-buffer. This does not eliminate or affect
130 To control it, set `auto-show-mode' via Custom or use the 130 the pointers to the buffer which may exist in list structure.
131 `auto-show-mode' command. 131 If you have a pointer to a buffer and wish to tell whether
132 132 the buffer has been killed, use the function buffer-name.
133 ** Handling of X fonts' ascent/descent parameters has been changed to 133 It returns nil on a killed buffer, and a string on a live buffer.
134 avoid redisplay problems. As a consequence, compared with previous 134
135 versions the line spacing and frame size now differ with some font 135 * New ways to access the last command input character.
136 choices, typically increasing by a pixel per line. This change 136
137 occurred in version 20.3 but was not documented then. 137 The function last-key-struck, which used to return the last
138 138 input character that was read by command input, is eliminated.
139 ** If you select the bar cursor style, it uses the frame's 139 Instead, you can find this information as the value of the
140 cursor-color, rather than the cursor foreground pixel. 140 variable last-command-char. (This variable used to be called
141 141 last-key).
142 ** In multibyte mode, Rmail decodes incoming MIME messages using the 142
143 character set specified in the message. If you want to disable this 143 Another new variable, last-input-char, holds the last character
144 feature, set the variable rmail-decode-mime-charset to nil. 144 read from the command input stream regardless of what it was
145 145 read for. last-input-char and last-command-char are different
146 ** Not new, but not mentioned previously in NEWS: when you use #! at 146 only inside a command that has called read-char to read input.
147 the beginning of a file to make it executable and specify an 147
148 interpreter program, Emacs looks on the second line for the -*- mode 148 * The new switch -kill causes Emacs to exit after processing the
149 and variable specification, as well as on the first line. 149 preceding command line arguments. Thus,
150 150 emacs -l lib data -e do-it -kill
151 ** Support for IBM codepage encoding of non-ASCII characters. 151 means to load lib, find file data, call do-it on no arguments,
152 152 and then exit.
153 The new command M-x codepage-setup creates a special coding system 153
154 that can be used to convert text between a specific IBM codepage and 154 * The config.h file has been modularized.
155 one of the character sets built into Emacs which matches that 155
156 codepage. For example, codepage 850 corresponds to Latin-1 character 156 Options that depend on the machine you are running on are defined
157 set, codepage 855 corresponds to Cyrillic-ISO character set, etc. 157 in a file whose name starts with "m-", such as m-vax.h.
158 158 Options that depend on the operating system software version you are
159 Windows codepages 1250, 1251 and some others, where Windows deviates 159 running on are defined in a file whose name starts with "s-",
160 from the corresponding ISO character set, are also supported. 160 such as s-bsd4.2.h.
161 161
162 IBM box-drawing characters and other glyphs which don't have 162 config.h includes one m- file and one s- file. It also defines a
163 equivalents in the corresponding ISO character set, are converted to 163 few other options whose values do not follow from the machine type
164 a character defined by dos-unsupported-char-glyph on MS-DOS, and to 164 and system type being used. Installers normally will have to
165 `?' on other systems. 165 select the correct m- and s- files but will never have to change their
166 166 contents.
167 IBM codepages are widely used on MS-DOS and MS-Windows, so this 167
168 feature is most useful on those platforms, but it can also be used on 168 * Termcap AL and DL strings are understood.
169 Unix. 169
170 170 If the termcap entry defines AL and DL strings, for insertion
171 Emacs compiled for MS-DOS automatically loads the support for the 171 and deletion of multiple lines in one blow, Emacs now uses them.
172 current codepage when it starts. 172 This matters most on certain bit map display terminals for which
173 173 scrolling is comparatively slow.
174 ** Mail changes 174
175 175 * Bias against scrolling screen far on fast terminals.
176 *** When mail is sent using compose-mail (C-x m), and if 176
177 `mail-send-nonascii' is set to the new default value `mime', 177 Emacs now prefers to redraw a few lines rather than
178 appropriate MIME headers are added. The headers are added only if 178 shift them a long distance on the screen, when the terminal is fast.
179 non-ASCII characters are present in the body of the mail, and no other 179
180 MIME headers are already present. For example, the following three 180 * New major mode, mim-mode.
181 headers are added if the coding system used in the *mail* buffer is 181
182 latin-1: 182 This major mode is for editing MDL code. Perhaps a MDL
183 183 user can explain why it is not called mdl-mode.
184 MIME-version: 1.0 184 You must load the library mim-mode explicitly to use this.
185 Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 185
186 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 186 * GNU documentation formatter `texinfo'.
187 187
188 *** The new variable default-sendmail-coding-system specifies the 188 The `texinfo' library defines a format for documentation
189 default way to encode outgoing mail. This has higher priority than 189 files which can be passed through Tex to make a printed manual
190 default-buffer-file-coding-system but has lower priority than 190 or passed through texinfo to make an Info file. Texinfo is
191 sendmail-coding-system and the local value of 191 documented fully by its own Info file; compare this file
192 buffer-file-coding-system. 192 with its source, texinfo.texinfo, for additional guidance.
193 193
194 You should not set this variable manually. Instead, set 194 All documentation files for GNU utilities should be written
195 sendmail-coding-system to specify a fixed encoding for all outgoing 195 in texinfo input format.
196 mail. 196
197 197 Tex processing of texinfo files requires the Botex macro package.
198 *** When you try to send a message that contains non-ASCII characters, 198 This is not ready for distribution yet, but will appear at
199 if the coding system specified by those variables doesn't handle them, 199 a later time.
200 Emacs will ask you to select a suitable coding system while showing a 200
201 list of possible coding systems. 201 * New function read-from-string (emacs 15.29)
202 202
203 ** CC Mode changes 203 read-from-string takes three arguments: a string to read from,
204 204 and optionally start and end indices which delimit a substring
205 *** c-default-style can now take an association list that maps major 205 from which to read. (They default to 0 and the length of the string,
206 modes to style names. When this variable is an alist, Java mode no 206 respectively.)
207 longer hardcodes a setting to "java" style. See the variable's 207
208 docstring for details. 208 This function returns a cons cell whose car is the object produced
209 209 by reading from the string and whose cdr is a number giving the
210 *** It's now possible to put a list as the offset on a syntactic 210 index in the string of the first character not read. That index may
211 symbol. The list is evaluated recursively until a non-nil offset is 211 be passed as the second argument to a later call to read-from-string
212 found. This is useful to combine several lineup functions to act in a 212 to read the next form represented by the string.
213 prioritized order on a single line. However, none of the supplied 213
214 lineup functions use this feature currently. 214 In addition, the function read now accepts a string as its argument.
215 215 In this case, it calls read-from-string on the whole string, and
216 *** New syntactic symbol catch-clause, which is used on the "catch" and 216 returns the car of the result. (ie the actual object read.)
217 "finally" lines in try-catch constructs in C++ and Java. 217
218 218 Changes in Emacs 14
219 *** New cleanup brace-catch-brace on c-cleanup-list, which does for 219
220 "catch" lines what brace-elseif-brace does for "else if" lines. 220 * Completion now prints various messages such as [Sole Completion]
221 221 or [Next Character Not Unique] to describe the results obtained.
222 *** The braces of Java anonymous inner classes are treated separately 222 These messages appear after the text in the minibuffer, and remain
223 from the braces of other classes in auto-newline mode. Two new 223 on the screen until a few seconds go by or you type a key.
224 symbols inexpr-class-open and inexpr-class-close may be used on 224
225 c-hanging-braces-alist to control the automatic newlines used for 225 * The buffer-read-only flag is implemented.
226 anonymous classes. 226 Setting or binding this per-buffer variable to a non-nil value
227 227 makes illegal any operation which would modify the textual content of
228 *** Support for the Pike language added, along with new Pike specific 228 the buffer. (Such operations signal a buffer-read-only error)
229 syntactic symbols: inlambda, lambda-intro-cont 229 The read-only state of a buffer may be altered using toggle-read-only
230 230 (C-x C-q)
231 *** Support for Java anonymous classes via new syntactic symbol 231 The buffers used by Rmail, Dired, Rnews, and Info are now read-only
232 inexpr-class. New syntactic symbol inexpr-statement for Pike 232 by default to prevent accidental damage to the information in those
233 support and gcc-style statements inside expressions. New lineup 233 buffers.
234 function c-lineup-inexpr-block. 234
235 235 * Functions car-safe and cdr-safe.
236 *** New syntactic symbol brace-entry-open which is used in brace lists 236 These functions are like car and cdr when the argument is a cons.
237 (i.e. static initializers) when a list entry starts with an open 237 Given an argument not a cons, car-safe always returns nil, with
238 brace. These used to be recognized as brace-list-entry's. 238 no error; the same for cdr-safe.
239 c-electric-brace also recognizes brace-entry-open braces 239
240 (brace-list-entry's can no longer be electrified). 240 * The new function user-real-login-name returns the name corresponding
241 241 to the real uid of the Emacs process. This is usually the same
242 *** New command c-indent-line-or-region, not bound by default. 242 as what user-login-name returns; however, when Emacs is invoked
243 243 from su, user-real-login-name returns "root" but user-login-name
244 *** `#' is only electric when typed in the indentation of a line. 244 returns the name of the user who invoked su.
245 245
246 *** Parentheses are now electric (via the new command c-electric-paren) 246 Changes in Emacs 13
247 for auto-reindenting lines when parens are typed. 247
248 248 * There is a new version numbering scheme.
249 *** In "gnu" style, inline-open offset is now set to zero. 249
250 250 What used to be the first version number, which was 1,
251 *** Uniform handling of the inclass syntactic symbol. The indentation 251 has been discarded since it does not seem that I need three
252 associated with it is now always relative to the class opening brace. 252 levels of version number.
253 This means that the indentation behavior has changed in some 253
254 circumstances, but only if you've put anything besides 0 on the 254 However, a new third version number has been added to represent
255 class-open syntactic symbol (none of the default styles do that). 255 changes by user sites. This number will always be zero in
256 256 Emacs when I distribute it; it will be incremented each time
257 ** Gnus changes. 257 Emacs is built at another site.
258 258
259 *** New functionality for using Gnus as an offline newsreader has been 259 * There is now a reader syntax for Meta characters:
260 added. A plethora of new commands and modes have been added. See the 260 \M-CHAR means CHAR or'ed with the Meta bit. For example:
261 Gnus manual for the full story. 261
262 262 ?\M-x is (+ ?x 128)
263 *** The nndraft backend has returned, but works differently than 263 ?\M-\n is (+ ?\n 128)
264 before. All Message buffers are now also articles in the nndraft 264 ?\M-\^f is (+ ?\^f 128)
265 group, which is created automatically. 265
266 266 This syntax can be used in strings too. Note, however, that
267 *** `gnus-alter-header-function' can now be used to alter header 267 Meta characters are not meaningful in key sequences being passed
268 values. 268 to define-key or lookup-key; you must use ESC characters (\e)
269 269 in them instead.
270 *** `gnus-summary-goto-article' now accept Message-ID's. 270
271 271 ?\C- can be used likewise for control characters. (13.9)
272 *** A new Message command for deleting text in the body of a message 272
273 outside the region: `C-c C-v'. 273 * Installation change
274 274 The string "../lisp" now adds to the front of the load-path
275 *** You can now post to component group in nnvirtual groups with 275 used for searching for Lisp files during Emacs initialization.
276 `C-u C-c C-c'. 276 It used to replace the path specified in paths.h entirely.
277 277 Now the directory ../lisp is searched first and the directoris
278 *** `nntp-rlogin-program' -- new variable to ease customization. 278 specified in paths.h are searched afterward.
279 279
280 *** `C-u C-c C-c' in `gnus-article-edit-mode' will now inhibit 280 Changes in Emacs 1.12
281 re-highlighting of the article buffer. 281
282 282 * There is a new installation procedure.
283 *** New element in `gnus-boring-article-headers' -- `long-to'. 283 See the file INSTALL that comes in the top level
284 284 directory in the tar file or tape.
285 *** `M-i' symbolic prefix command. See the section "Symbolic 285
286 Prefixes" in the Gnus manual for details. 286 * The Meta key is now supported on terminals that have it.
287 287 This is a shift key which causes the high bit to be turned on
288 *** `L' and `I' in the summary buffer now take the symbolic prefix 288 in all input characters typed while it is held down.
289 `a' to add the score rule to the "all.SCORE" file. 289
290 290 read-char now returns a value in the range 128-255 if
291 *** `gnus-simplify-subject-functions' variable to allow greater 291 a Meta character is typed. When interpreted as command
292 control over simplification. 292 input, a Meta character is equivalent to a two character
293 293 sequence, the meta prefix character followed by the un-metized
294 *** `A T' -- new command for fetching the current thread. 294 character (Meta-G unmetized is G).
295 295
296 *** `/ T' -- new command for including the current thread in the 296 The meta prefix character
297 limit. 297 is specified by the value of the variable meta-prefix-char.
298 298 If this character (normally Escape) has been redefined locally
299 *** `M-RET' is a new Message command for breaking cited text. 299 with a non-prefix definition (such as happens in completing
300 300 minibuffers) then the local redefinition is suppressed when
301 *** \\1-expressions are now valid in `nnmail-split-methods'. 301 the character is not the last one in a key sequence.
302 302 So the local redefinition is effective if you type the character
303 *** The `custom-face-lookup' function has been removed. 303 explicitly, but not effective if the character comes from
304 If you used this function in your initialization files, you must 304 the use of the Meta key.
305 rewrite them to use `face-spec-set' instead. 305
306 306 * `-' is no longer a completion command in the minibuffer.
307 *** Cancelling now uses the current select method. Symbolic prefix 307 It is an ordinary self-inserting character.
308 `a' forces normal posting method. 308
309 309 * The list load-path of directories load to search for Lisp files
310 *** New command to translate M******** sm*rtq**t*s into proper text 310 is now controlled by the EMACSLOADPATH environment variable
311 -- `W d'. 311 [[ Note this was originally EMACS-LOAD-PATH and has been changed
312 312 again; sh does not deal properly with hyphens in env variable names]]
313 *** For easier debugging of nntp, you can set `nntp-record-commands' 313 rather than the EPATH environment variable. This is to avoid
314 to a non-nil value. 314 conflicts with other Emacses.
315 315
316 *** nntp now uses ~/.authinfo, a .netrc-like file, for controlling 316 While Emacs is being built initially, the load-path
317 where and how to send AUTHINFO to NNTP servers. 317 is now just ("../lisp"), ignoring paths.h. It does not
318 318 ignore EMACSLOADPATH, however; you should avoid having
319 *** A command for editing group parameters from the summary buffer 319 this variable set while building Emacs.
320 has been added. 320
321 321 * You can now specify a translation table for keyboard
322 *** A history of where mails have been split is available. 322 input characters, as a way of exchanging or substituting
323 323 keys on the keyboard.
324 *** A new article date command has been added -- `article-date-iso8601'. 324
325 325 If the value of keyboard-translate-table is a string,
326 *** Subjects can be simplified when threading by setting 326 every character received from the keyboard is used as an
327 `gnus-score-thread-simplify'. 327 index in that string, and the character at that index in
328 328 the string is used as input instead of what was actually
329 *** A new function for citing in Message has been added -- 329 typed. If the actual input character is >= the length of
330 `message-cite-original-without-signature'. 330 the string, it is used unchanged.
331 331
332 *** `article-strip-all-blank-lines' -- new article command. 332 One way this feature can be used is to fix bad keyboard
333 333 designes. For example, on some terminals, Delete is
334 *** A new Message command to kill to the end of the article has 334 Shift-Underscore. Since Delete is a more useful character
335 been added. 335 than Underscore, it is an improvement to make the unshifted
336 336 character Delete and the shifted one Underscore. This can
337 *** A minimum adaptive score can be specified by using the 337 be done with
338 `gnus-adaptive-word-minimum' variable. 338
339 339 ;; First make a translate table that does the identity translation.
340 *** The "lapsed date" article header can be kept continually 340 (setq keyboard-translate-table (make-string 128 0))
341 updated by the `gnus-start-date-timer' command. 341 (let ((i 0))
342 342 (while (< i 128)
343 *** Web listserv archives can be read with the nnlistserv backend. 343 (aset keyboard-translate-table i i)
344 344 (setq i (1+ i))))
345 *** Old dejanews archives can now be read by nnweb. 345
346 346 ;; Now alter translations of some characters.
347 *** `gnus-posting-styles' has been re-activated. 347 (aset keyboard-translate-table ?\_ ?\^?)
348 348 (aset keyboard-translate-table ?\^? ?\_)
349 ** Changes to TeX and LaTeX mode 349
350 350 If your terminal has a Meta key and can therefore send
351 *** The new variable `tex-start-options-string' can be used to give 351 codes up to 255, Meta characters are translated through
352 options for the TeX run. The default value causes TeX to run in 352 elements 128 through 255 of the translate table, and therefore
353 nonstopmode. For an interactive TeX run set it to nil or "". 353 are translated independently of the corresponding non-Meta
354 354 characters. You must therefore establish translations
355 *** The command `tex-feed-input' sends input to the Tex Shell. In a 355 independently for the Meta characters if you want them too:
356 TeX buffer it is bound to the keys C-RET, C-c RET, and C-c C-m (some 356
357 of these keys may not work on all systems). For instance, if you run 357 ;; First make a translate table that does the identity translation.
358 TeX interactively and if the TeX run stops because of an error, you 358 (setq keyboard-translate-table (make-string 256 0))
359 can continue it without leaving the TeX buffer by typing C-RET. 359 (let ((i 0))
360 360 (while (< i 256)
361 *** The Tex Shell Buffer is now in `compilation-shell-minor-mode'. 361 (aset keyboard-translate-table i i)
362 All error-parsing commands of the Compilation major mode are available 362 (setq i (1+ i))))
363 but bound to keys that don't collide with the shell. Thus you can use 363
364 the Tex Shell for command line executions like a usual shell. 364 ;; Now alter translations of some characters.
365 365 (aset keyboard-translate-table ?\_ ?\^?)
366 *** The commands `tex-validate-region' and `tex-validate-buffer' check 366 (aset keyboard-translate-table ?\^? ?\_)
367 the matching of braces and $'s. The errors are listed in a *Occur* 367
368 buffer and you can use C-c C-c or mouse-2 to go to a particular 368 ;; Now alter translations of some Meta characters.
369 mismatch. 369 (aset keyboard-translate-table (+ 128 ?\_) (+ 128 ?\^?))
370 370 (aset keyboard-translate-table (+ 128 ?\^?) (+ 128 ?\_))
371 ** Changes to RefTeX mode 371
372 372 * (process-kill-without-query PROCESS)
373 *** The table of contents buffer can now also display labels and 373
374 file boundaries in addition to sections. Use `l', `i', and `c' keys. 374 This marks the process so that, when you kill Emacs,
375 375 you will not on its account be queried about active subprocesses.
376 *** Labels derived from context (the section heading) are now 376
377 lowercase by default. To make the label legal in LaTeX, latin-1 377 Changes in Emacs 1.11
378 characters will lose their accent. All Mule characters will be 378
379 removed from the label. 379 * The commands C-c and C-z have been interchanged,
380 380 for greater compatibility with normal Unix usage.
381 *** The automatic display of cross reference information can also use 381 C-z now runs suspend-emacs and C-c runs exit-recursive-edit.
382 a window instead of the echo area. See variable `reftex-auto-view-crossref'. 382
383 383 * The value returned by file-name-directory now ends
384 *** kpsewhich can be used by RefTeX to find TeX and BibTeX files. See the 384 with a slash. (file-name-directory "foo/bar") => "foo/".
385 customization group `reftex-finding-files'. 385 This avoids confusing results when dealing with files
386 386 in the root directory.
387 *** The option `reftex-bibfile-ignore-list' has been renamed to 387
388 `reftex-bibfile-ignore-regexps' and indeed can be fed with regular 388 The value of the per-buffer variable default-directory
389 expressions. 389 is also supposed to have a final slash now.
390 390
391 *** Multiple Selection buffers are now hidden buffers. 391 * There are now variables to control the switches passed to
392 392 `ls' by the C-x C-d command (list-directory).
393 ** New/deleted modes and packages 393 list-directory-brief-switches is a string, initially "-CF",
394 394 used for brief listings, and list-directory-verbose-switches
395 *** The package snmp-mode.el provides major modes for editing SNMP and 395 is a string, initially "-l", used for verbose ones.
396 SNMPv2 MIBs. It has entries on `auto-mode-alist'. 396
397 397 * For Ann Arbor Ambassador terminals, the termcap "ti" string
398 *** The package sql.el provides a major mode, M-x sql-mode, for 398 is now used to initialize the screen geometry on entry to Emacs,
399 editing SQL files, and M-x sql-interactive-mode for interacting with 399 and the "te" string is used to set it back on exit.
400 SQL interpreters. It has an entry on `auto-mode-alist'. 400 If the termcap entry does not define the "ti" or "te" string,
401 401 Emacs does what it used to do.
402 *** M-x highlight-changes-mode provides a minor mode displaying buffer 402
403 changes with a special face. 403 Changes in Emacs 1.10
404 404
405 *** ispell4.el has been deleted. It got in the way of ispell.el and 405 * GNU Emacs has been made almost 1/3 smaller.
406 this was hard to fix reliably. It has long been obsolete -- use 406 It now dumps out as only 530kbytes on Vax 4.2bsd.
407 Ispell 3.1 and ispell.el. 407
408 408 * The term "checkpoint" has been replaced by "auto save"
409 * MS-DOS changes in Emacs 20.4 409 throughout the function names, variable names and documentation
410 410 of GNU Emacs.
411 ** Emacs compiled for MS-DOS now supports MULE features better. 411
412 This includes support for display of all ISO 8859-N character sets, 412 * The function load now tries appending ".elc" and ".el"
413 conversion to and from IBM codepage encoding of non-ASCII characters, 413 to the specified filename BEFORE it tries the filename
414 and automatic setup of the MULE environment at startup. For details, 414 without change.
415 check out the section `MS-DOS and MULE' in the manual. 415
416 416 * rmail now makes the mode line display the total number
417 The MS-DOS installation procedure automatically configures and builds 417 of messages and the current message number.
418 Emacs with input method support if it finds an unpacked Leim 418 The "f" command now means forward a message to another user.
419 distribution when the config.bat script is run. 419 The command to search through all messages for a string is now "F".
420 420 The "u" command now means to move back to the previous
421 ** Formerly, the value of lpr-command did not affect printing on 421 message and undelete it. To undelete the selected message, use Meta-u.
422 MS-DOS unless print-region-function was set to nil, but now it 422
423 controls whether an external program is invoked or output is written 423 * The hyphen character is now equivalent to a Space while
424 directly to a printer port. Similarly, in the previous version of 424 in completing minibuffers. Both mean to complete an additional word.
425 Emacs, the value of ps-lpr-command did not affect PostScript printing 425
426 on MS-DOS unless ps-printer-name was set to something other than a 426 * The Lisp function error now takes args like format
427 string (eg. t or `pipe'), but now it controls whether an external 427 which are used to construct the error message.
428 program is used. (These changes were made so that configuration of 428
429 printing variables would be almost identical across all platforms.) 429 * Redisplay will refuse to start its display at the end of the buffer.
430 430 It will pick a new place to display from, rather than use that.
431 ** In the previous version of Emacs, PostScript and non-PostScript 431
432 output was piped to external programs, but because most print programs 432 * The value returned by garbage-collect has been changed.
433 available for MS-DOS and MS-Windows cannot read data from their standard 433 Its first element is no longer a number but a cons,
434 input, on those systems the data to be output is now written to a 434 whose car is the number of cons cells now in use,
435 temporary file whose name is passed as the last argument to the external 435 and whose cdr is the number of cons cells that have been
436 program. 436 made but are now free.
437 437 The second element is similar but describes symbols rather than cons cells.
438 An exception is made for `print', a standard program on Windows NT, 438 The third element is similar but describes markers.
439 and `nprint', a standard program on Novell Netware. For both of these 439
440 programs, the command line is constructed in the appropriate syntax 440 * The variable buffer-name has been eliminated.
441 automatically, using only the value of printer-name or ps-printer-name 441 The function buffer-name still exists. This is to prevent
442 as appropriate--the value of the relevant `-switches' variable is 442 user programs from changing buffer names without going
443 ignored, as both programs have no useful switches. 443 through the rename-buffer function.
444 444
445 ** The value of the variable dos-printer (cf. dos-ps-printer), if it has 445 Changes in Emacs 1.9
446 a value, overrides the value of printer-name (cf. ps-printer-name), on 446
447 MS-DOS and MS-Windows only. This has been true since version 20.3, but 447 * When a fill prefix is in effect, paragraphs are started
448 was not documented clearly before. 448 or separated by lines that do not start with the fill prefix.
449 449 Also, a line which consists of the fill prefix followed by
450 ** All the Emacs games now work on MS-DOS terminals. 450 white space separates paragraphs.
451 This includes Tetris and Snake. 451
452 452 * C-x C-v runs the new function find-alternate-file.
453 * Lisp changes in Emacs 20.4 453 It finds the specified file, switches to that buffer,
454 454 and kills the previous current buffer. (It requires
455 ** New functions line-beginning-position and line-end-position 455 confirmation if that buffer had changes.) This is
456 return the position of the beginning or end of the current line. 456 most useful after you find the wrong file due to a typo.
457 They both accept an optional argument, which has the same 457
458 meaning as the argument to beginning-of-line or end-of-line. 458 * Exiting the minibuffer moves the cursor to column 0,
459 459 to show you that it has really been exited.
460 ** find-file and allied functions now have an optional argument 460
461 WILDCARD. If this is non-nil, they do wildcard processing, 461 * Meta-g (fill-region) now fills each paragraph in the
462 and visit all files that match the wildcard pattern. 462 region individually. To fill the region as if it were
463 463 a single paragraph (for when the paragraph-delimiting mechanism
464 ** Changes in the file-attributes function. 464 does the wrong thing), use fill-region-as-paragraph.
465 465
466 *** The file size returned by file-attributes may be an integer or a float. 466 * Tab in text mode now runs the function tab-to-tab-stop.
467 It is an integer if the size fits in a Lisp integer, float otherwise. 467 A new mode called indented-text-mode is like text-mode
468 468 except that in it Tab runs the function indent-relative,
469 *** The inode number returned by file-attributes may be an integer (if 469 which indents the line under the previous line.
470 the number fits in a Lisp integer) or a cons cell containing two 470 If auto fill is enabled while in indented-text-mode,
471 integers. 471 the new lines that it makes are indented.
472 472
473 ** The new function directory-files-and-attributes returns a list of 473 * Functions kill-rectangle and yank-rectangle.
474 files in a directory and their attributes. It accepts the same 474 kill-rectangle deletes the rectangle specified by dot and mark
475 arguments as directory-files and has similar semantics, except that 475 (or by two arguments) and saves it in the variable killed-rectangle.
476 file names and attributes are returned. 476 yank-rectangle inserts the rectangle in that variable.
477 477
478 ** The new function file-attributes-lessp is a helper function for 478 Tab characters in a rectangle being saved are replaced
479 sorting the list generated by directory-files-and-attributes. It 479 by spaces in such a way that their appearance will
480 accepts two arguments, each a list of a file name and its atttributes. 480 not be changed if the rectangle is later reinserted
481 It compares the file names of each according to string-lessp and 481 at a different column position.
482 returns the result. 482
483 483 * `+' in a regular expression now means
484 ** The new function file-expand-wildcards expands a wildcard-pattern 484 to repeat the previous expression one or more times.
485 to produce a list of existing files that match the pattern. 485 `?' means to repeat it zero or one time.
486 486 They are in all regards like `*' except for the
487 ** New functions for base64 conversion: 487 number of repetitions they match.
488 488
489 The function base64-encode-region converts a part of the buffer 489 \< in a regular expression now matches the null string
490 into the base64 code used in MIME. base64-decode-region 490 when it is at the beginning of a word; \> matches
491 performs the opposite conversion. Line-breaking is supported 491 the null string at the end of a word.
492 optionally. 492
493 493 * C-x p narrows the buffer so that only the current page
494 Functions base64-encode-string and base64-decode-string do a similar 494 is visible.
495 job on the text in a string. They return the value as a new string. 495
496 496 * C-x ) with argument repeats the kbd macro just
497 ** 497 defined that many times, counting the definition
498 The new function process-running-child-p 498 as one repetition.
499 will tell you if a subprocess has given control of its 499
500 terminal to its own child process. 500 * C-x ( with argument begins defining a kbd macro
501 501 starting with the last one defined. It executes that
502 ** interrupt-process and such functions have a new feature: 502 previous kbd macro initially, just as if you began
503 when the second argument is `lambda', they send a signal 503 by typing it over again.
504 to the running child of the subshell, if any, but if the shell 504
505 itself owns its terminal, no signal is sent. 505 * C-x q command queries the user during kbd macro execution.
506 506 With prefix argument, enters recursive edit,
507 ** There are new widget types `plist' and `alist' which can 507 reading keyboard commands even within a kbd macro.
508 be used for customizing variables whose values are plists or alists. 508 You can give different commands each time the macro executes.
509 509 Without prefix argument, reads a character. Your options are:
510 ** easymenu.el Now understands `:key-sequence' and `:style button'. 510 Space -- execute the rest of the macro.
511 :included is an alias for :visible. 511 Delete -- skip the rest of the macro; start next repetition.
512 512 C-d -- skip rest of the macro and don't repeat it any more.
513 easy-menu-add-item now understands the values returned by 513 C-r -- enter a recursive edit, then on exit ask again for a character
514 easy-menu-remove-item and easy-menu-item-present-p. This can be used 514 C-l -- redisplay screen and ask again."
515 to move or copy menu entries. 515
516 516 * write-kbd-macro and append-kbd-macro are used to save
517 ** Multibyte editing changes 517 a kbd macro definition in a file (as Lisp code to
518 518 redefine the macro when the file is loaded).
519 *** The definitions of sref and char-bytes are changed. Now, sref is 519 These commands differ in that write-kbd-macro
520 an alias of aref and char-bytes always returns 1. This change is to 520 discards the previous contents of the file.
521 make some Emacs Lisp code which works on 20.2 and earlier also 521 If given a prefix argument, both commands
522 work on the latest Emacs. Such code uses a combination of sref and 522 record the keys which invoke the macro as well as the
523 char-bytes in a loop typically as below: 523 macro's definition.
524 (setq char (sref str idx) 524
525 idx (+ idx (char-bytes idx))) 525 * The variable global-minor-modes is used to display
526 The byte-compiler now warns that this is obsolete. 526 strings in the mode line of all buffers. It should be
527 527 a list of elements thaht are conses whose cdrs are strings
528 If you want to know how many bytes a specific multibyte character 528 to be displayed. This complements the variable
529 (say, CH) occupies in a multibyte buffer, use this code: 529 minor-modes, which has the same effect but has a separate
530 (charset-bytes (char-charset ch)) 530 value in each buffer.
531 531
532 *** In multibyte mode, when you narrow a buffer to some region, and the 532 * C-x = describes horizontal scrolling in effect, if any.
533 region is preceded or followed by non-ASCII codes, inserting or 533
534 deleting at the head or the end of the region may signal this error: 534 * Return now auto-fills the line it is ending, in auto fill mode.
535 535 Space with zero as argument auto-fills the line before it
536 Byte combining across boundary of accessible buffer text inhibitted 536 just like Space without an argument.
537 537
538 This is to avoid some bytes being combined together into a character 538 Changes in Emacs 1.8
539 across the boundary. 539
540 540 This release mostly fixes bugs. There are a few new features:
541 *** The functions find-charset-region and find-charset-string include 541
542 `unknown' in the returned list in the following cases: 542 * apropos now sorts the symbols before displaying them.
543 o The current buffer or the target string is unibyte and 543 Also, it returns a list of the symbols found.
544 contains 8-bit characters. 544
545 o The current buffer or the target string is multibyte and 545 apropos now accepts a second arg PRED which should be a function
546 contains invalid characters. 546 of one argument; if PRED is non-nil, each symbol is tested
547 547 with PRED and only symbols for which PRED returns non-nil
548 *** The functions decode-coding-region and encode-coding-region remove 548 appear in the output or the returned list.
549 text properties of the target region. Ideally, they should correctly 549
550 preserve text properties, but for the moment, it's hard. Removing 550 If the third argument to apropos is non-nil, apropos does not
551 text properties is better than preserving them in a less-than-correct 551 display anything; it merely returns the list of symbols found.
552 way. 552
553 553 C-h a now runs the new function command-apropos rather than
554 *** prefer-coding-system sets EOL conversion of default coding systems. 554 apropos, and shows only symbols with definitions as commands.
555 If the argument to prefer-coding-system specifies a certain type of 555
556 end of line conversion, the default coding systems set by 556 * M-x shell sends the command
557 prefer-coding-system will specify that conversion type for end of line. 557 if (-f ~/.emacs_NAME)source ~/.emacs_NAME
558 558 invisibly to the shell when it starts. Here NAME
559 *** The new function thai-compose-string can be used to properly 559 is replaced by the name of shell used,
560 compose Thai characters in a string. 560 as it came from your ESHELL or SHELL environment variable
561 561 but with directory name, if any, removed.
562 ** The primitive `define-prefix-command' now takes an optional third 562
563 argument NAME, which should be a string. It supplies the menu name 563 * M-, now runs the command tags-loop-continue, which is used
564 for the created keymap. Keymaps created in order to be displayed as 564 to resume a terminated tags-search or tags-query-replace.
565 menus should always use the third argument. 565
566 566 Changes in Emacs 1.7
567 ** The meanings of optional second arguments for read-char, 567
568 read-event, and read-char-exclusive are flipped. Now the second 568 It's Beat CCA Week.
569 arguments are INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD. These functions use the current 569
570 input method (if any) if and only if INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD is non-nil. 570 * The initial buffer is now called "*scratch*" instead of "scratch",
571 571 so that all buffer names used automatically by Emacs now have *'s.
572 ** The new function clear-this-command-keys empties out the contents 572
573 of the vector that (this-command-keys) returns. This is useful in 573 * Undo information is now stored separately for each buffer.
574 programs that read passwords, to prevent the passwords from echoing 574 The Undo command (C-x u) always applies to the current
575 inadvertently as part of the next command in certain cases. 575 buffer only.
576 576
577 ** The new macro `with-temp-message' displays a temporary message in 577 C-_ is now a synonym for C-x u.
578 the echo area, while executing some Lisp code. Like `progn', it 578
579 returns the value of the last form, but it also restores the previous 579 (buffer-flush-undo BUFFER) causes undo information not to
580 echo area contents. 580 be kept for BUFFER, and frees the space that would have
581 581 been used to hold it. In any case, no undo information is
582 (with-temp-message MESSAGE &rest BODY) 582 kept for buffers whose names start with spaces. (These
583 583 buffers also do not appear in the C-x C-b display.)
584 ** The function `require' now takes an optional third argument 584
585 NOERROR. If it is non-nil, then there is no error if the 585 * Rectangle operations are now implemented.
586 requested feature cannot be loaded. 586 C-x r stores the rectangle described by dot and mark
587 587 into a register; it reads the register name from the keyboard.
588 ** In the function modify-face, an argument of (nil) for the 588 C-x g, the command to insert the contents of a register,
589 foreground color, background color or stipple pattern 589 can be used to reinsert the rectangle elsewhere.
590 means to clear out that attribute. 590
591 591 Other rectangle commands include
592 ** The `outer-window-id' frame property of an X frame 592 open-rectangle:
593 gives the window number of the outermost X window for the frame. 593 insert a blank rectangle in the position and size
594 594 described by dot and mark, at its corners;
595 ** Temporary buffers made with with-output-to-temp-buffer are now 595 the existing text is pushed to the right.
596 read-only by default, and normally use the major mode Help mode 596 clear-rectangle:
597 unless you put them in some other non-Fundamental mode before the 597 replace the rectangle described by dot ane mark
598 end of with-output-to-temp-buffer. 598 with blanks. The previous text is deleted.
599 599 delete-rectangle:
600 ** The new functions gap-position and gap-size return information on 600 delete the text of the specified rectangle,
601 the gap of the current buffer. 601 moving the text beyond it on each line leftward.
602 602
603 ** The new functions position-bytes and byte-to-position provide a way 603 * Side-by-side windows are allowed. Use C-x 5 to split the
604 to convert between character positions and byte positions in the 604 current window into two windows side by side.
605 current buffer. 605 C-x } makes the selected window ARG columns wider at the
606 606 expense of the windows at its sides. C-x { makes the selected
607 ** vc.el defines two new macros, `edit-vc-file' and `with-vc-file', to 607 window ARG columns narrower. An argument to C-x 5 specifies
608 facilitate working with version-controlled files from Lisp programs. 608 how many columns to give to the leftmost of the two windows made.
609 These macros check out a given file automatically if needed, and check 609
610 it back in after any modifications have been made. 610 C-x 2 now accepts a numeric argument to specify the number of
611 611 lines to give to the uppermost of the two windows it makes.
612 * Installation Changes in Emacs 20.3 612
613 613 * Horizontal scrolling of the lines in a window is now implemented.
614 ** The default value of load-path now includes most subdirectories of 614 C-x < (scroll-left) scrolls all displayed lines left,
615 the site-specific directories /usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp and 615 with the numeric argument (default 1) saying how far to scroll.
616 /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp, in addition to those 616 When the window is scrolled left, some amount of the beginning
617 directories themselves. Both immediate subdirectories and 617 of each nonempty line is replaced by an "$".
618 subdirectories multiple levels down are added to load-path. 618 C-x > scrolls right. If a window has no text hidden at the left
619 619 margin, it cannot be scrolled any farther right than that.
620 Not all subdirectories are included, though. Subdirectories whose 620 When nonzero leftwards scrolling is in effect in a window.
621 names do not start with a letter or digit are excluded. 621 lines are automatically truncated at the window's right margin
622 Subdirectories named RCS or CVS are excluded. Also, a subdirectory 622 regardless of the value of the variable truncate-lines in the
623 which contains a file named `.nosearch' is excluded. You can use 623 buffer being displayed.
624 these methods to prevent certain subdirectories from being searched. 624
625 625 * C-x C-d now uses the default output format of `ls',
626 Emacs finds these subdirectories and adds them to load-path when it 626 which gives just file names in multiple columns.
627 starts up. While it would be cleaner to find the subdirectories each 627 C-u C-x C-d passes the -l switch to `ls'.
628 time Emacs loads a file, that would be much slower. 628
629 629 * C-t at the end of a line now exchanges the two preceding characters.
630 This feature is an incompatible change. If you have stored some Emacs 630
631 Lisp files in a subdirectory of the site-lisp directory specifically 631 All the transpose commands now interpret zero as an argument
632 to prevent them from being used, you will need to rename the 632 to mean to transpose the textual unit after or around dot
633 subdirectory to start with a non-alphanumeric character, or create a 633 with the one after or around the mark.
634 `.nosearch' file in it, in order to continue to achieve the desired 634
635 results. 635 * M-! executes a shell command in an inferior shell
636 636 and displays the output from it. With a prefix argument,
637 ** Emacs no longer includes an old version of the C preprocessor from 637 it inserts the output in the current buffer after dot
638 GCC. This was formerly used to help compile Emacs with C compilers 638 and sets the mark after the output. The shell command
639 that had limits on the significant length of an identifier, but in 639 gets /dev/null as its standard input.
640 fact we stopped supporting such compilers some time ago. 640
641 641 M-| is like M-! but passes the contents of the region
642 * Changes in Emacs 20.3 642 as input to the shell command. A prefix argument makes
643 643 the output from the command replace the contents of the region.
644 ** The new command C-x z (repeat) repeats the previous command 644
645 including its argument. If you repeat the z afterward, 645 * The mode line will now say "Def" after the major mode
646 it repeats the command additional times; thus, you can 646 while a keyboard macro is being defined.
647 perform many repetitions with one keystroke per repetition. 647
648 648 * The variable fill-prefix is now used by Meta-q.
649 ** Emacs now supports "selective undo" which undoes only within a 649 Meta-q removes the fill prefix from lines that start with it
650 specified region. To do this, set point and mark around the desired 650 before filling, and inserts the fill prefix on each line
651 region and type C-u C-x u (or C-u C-_). You can then continue undoing 651 after filling.
652 further, within the same region, by repeating the ordinary undo 652
653 command C-x u or C-_. This will keep undoing changes that were made 653 The command C-x . sets the fill prefix equal to the text
654 within the region you originally specified, until either all of them 654 on the current line before dot.
655 are undone, or it encounters a change which crosses the edge of that 655
656 region. 656 * The new command Meta-j (indent-new-comment-line),
657 657 is like Linefeed (indent-new-line) except when dot is inside a comment;
658 In Transient Mark mode, undoing when a region is active requests 658 in that case, Meta-j inserts a comment starter on the new line,
659 selective undo. 659 indented under the comment starter above. It also inserts
660 660 a comment terminator at the end of the line above,
661 ** If you specify --unibyte when starting Emacs, then all buffers are 661 if the language being edited calls for one.
662 unibyte, except when a Lisp program specifically creates a multibyte 662
663 buffer. Setting the environment variable EMACS_UNIBYTE has the same 663 * Rmail should work correctly now, and has some C-h m documentation.
664 effect. The --no-unibyte option overrides EMACS_UNIBYTE and directs 664
665 Emacs to run normally in multibyte mode. 665 Changes in Emacs 1.6
666 666
667 The option --unibyte does not affect the reading of Emacs Lisp files, 667 * save-buffers-kill-emacs is now on C-x C-c
668 though. If you want a Lisp file to be read in unibyte mode, use 668 while C-x C-z does suspend-emacs. This is to make
669 -*-unibyte: t;-*- on its first line. That will force Emacs to 669 C-x C-c like the normal Unix meaning of C-c
670 load that file in unibyte mode, regardless of how Emacs was started. 670 and C-x C-z linke the normal Unix meaning of C-z.
671 671
672 ** toggle-enable-multibyte-characters no longer has a key binding and 672 * M-ESC (eval-expression) is now a disabled command by default.
673 no longer appears in the menu bar. We've realized that changing the 673 This prevents users who type ESC ESC accidentally from
674 enable-multibyte-characters variable in an existing buffer is 674 getting confusing results. Put
675 something that most users not do. 675 (put 'eval-expression 'disabled nil)
676 676 in your ~/.emacs file to enable the command.
677 ** You can specify a coding system to use for the next cut or paste 677
678 operations through the window system with the command C-x RET X. 678 * Self-inserting text is grouped into bunches for undoing.
679 The coding system can make a difference for communication with other 679 Each C-x u command undoes up to 20 consecutive self-inserting
680 applications. 680 characters.
681 681
682 C-x RET x specifies a coding system for all subsequent cutting and 682 * Help f now uses as a default the function being called
683 pasting operations. 683 in the innermost Lisp expression that dot is in.
684 684 This makes it more convenient to use while writing
685 ** You can specify the printer to use for commands that do printing by 685 Lisp code to run in Emacs.
686 setting the variable `printer-name'. Just what a printer name looks 686 (If the text around dot does not appear to be a call
687 like depends on your operating system. You can specify a different 687 to a Lisp function, there is no default.)
688 printer for the Postscript printing commands by setting 688
689 `ps-printer-name'. 689 Likewise, Help v uses the symbol around or before dot
690 690 as a default, if that is a variable name.
691 ** Emacs now supports on-the-fly spell checking by the means of a 691
692 minor mode. It is called M-x flyspell-mode. You don't have to remember 692 * Commands that read filenames now insert the default
693 any other special commands to use it, and you will hardly notice it 693 directory in the minibuffer, to become part of your input.
694 except when you make a spelling error. Flyspell works by highlighting 694 This allows you to see what the default is.
695 incorrect words as soon as they are completed or as soon as the cursor 695 You may type a filename which goes at the end of the
696 hits a new word. 696 default directory, or you may edit the default directory
697 697 as you like to create the input you want to give.
698 Flyspell mode works with whichever dictionary you have selected for 698 You may also type an absolute pathname (starting with /)
699 Ispell in Emacs. In TeX mode, it understands TeX syntax so as not 699 or refer to a home directory (input starting with ~)
700 to be confused by TeX commands. 700 after the default; the presence of // or /~ causes
701 701 everything up through the slash that precedes your
702 You can correct a misspelled word by editing it into something 702 type-in to be ignored.
703 correct. You can also correct it, or accept it as correct, by 703
704 clicking on the word with Mouse-2; that gives you a pop-up menu 704 Returning the default directory without change,
705 of various alternative replacements and actions. 705 including the terminating slash, requests the use
706 706 of the default file name (usually the visited file's name).
707 Flyspell mode also proposes "automatic" corrections. M-TAB replaces 707
708 the current misspelled word with a possible correction. If several 708 Set the variable insert-default-directory to nil
709 corrections are made possible, M-TAB cycles through them in 709 to turn off this feature.
710 alphabetical order, or in order of decreasing likelihood if 710
711 flyspell-sort-corrections is nil. 711 * M-x shell now uses the environment variable ESHELL,
712 712 if it exists, as the file name of the shell to run.
713 Flyspell mode also flags an error when a word is repeated, if 713 If there is no ESHELL variable, the SHELL variable is used.
714 flyspell-mark-duplications-flag is non-nil. 714 This is because some shells do not work properly as inferiors
715 715 of Emacs (or anything like Emacs).
716 ** Changes in input method usage. 716
717 717 * A new variable minor-modes now exists, with a separate value
718 Now you can use arrow keys (right, left, down, up) for selecting among 718 in each buffer. Its value should be an alist of elements
719 the alternatives just the same way as you do by C-f, C-b, C-n, and C-p 719 (MODE-FUNCTION-SYMBOL . PRETTY-NAME-STRING), one for each
720 respectively. 720 minor mode that is turned on in the buffer. The pretty
721 721 name strings are displayed in the mode line after the name of the
722 You can use the ENTER key to accept the current conversion. 722 major mode (with spaces between them). The mode function
723 723 symbols should be symbols whose function definitions will
724 If you type TAB to display a list of alternatives, you can select one 724 turn on the minor mode if given 1 as an argument; they are present
725 of the alternatives with Mouse-2. 725 so that Help m can find their documentation strings.
726 726
727 The meaning of the variable `input-method-verbose-flag' is changed so 727 * The format of tag table files has been changed.
728 that you can set it to t, nil, `default', or `complex-only'. 728 The new format enables Emacs to find tags much faster.
729 729
730 If the value is nil, extra guidance is never given. 730 A new program, etags, exists to make the kind of
731 731 tag table that Emacs wants. etags is invoked just
732 If the value is t, extra guidance is always given. 732 like ctags; in fact, if you give it any switches,
733 733 it does exactly what ctags would do. Give it the
734 If the value is `complex-only', extra guidance is always given only 734 empty switch ("-") to make it act like ctags with no switches.
735 when you are using complex input methods such as chinese-py. 735
736 736 etags names the tag table file "TAGS" rather than "tags",
737 If the value is `default' (this is the default), extra guidance is 737 so that these tag tables and the standard Unix ones
738 given in the following case: 738 can coexist.
739 o When you are using a complex input method. 739
740 o When you are using a simple input method but not in the minibuffer. 740 The tags library can no longer use standard ctags-style
741 741 tag tables files.
742 If you are using Emacs through a very slow line, setting 742
743 input-method-verbose-flag to nil or to complex-only is a good choice, 743 * The file of Lisp code Emacs reads on startup is now
744 and if you are using an input method you are not familiar with, 744 called ~/.emacs rather than ~/.emacs_pro.
745 setting it to t is helpful. 745
746 746 * copy-file now gives the copied file the same mode bits
747 The old command select-input-method is now called set-input-method. 747 as the original file.
748 748
749 In the language environment "Korean", you can use the following 749 * Output from a process inserted into the process's buffer
750 keys: 750 no longer sets the buffer's mark. Instead it sets a
751 Shift-SPC toggle-korean-input-method 751 marker associated with the process to point to the end
752 C-F9 quail-hangul-switch-symbol-ksc 752 of the inserted text. You can access this marker with
753 F9 quail-hangul-switch-hanja 753 (process-mark PROCESS)
754 These key bindings are canceled when you switch to another language 754 and then either examine its position with marker-position
755 environment. 755 or set its position with set-marker.
756 756
757 ** The minibuffer history of file names now records the specified file 757 * completing-read takes a new optional fifth argument which,
758 names, not the entire minibuffer input. For example, if the 758 if non-nil, should be a string of text to insert into
759 minibuffer starts out with /usr/foo/, you might type in /etc/passwd to 759 the minibuffer before reading user commands.
760 get 760
761 761 * The Lisp function elt now exists:
762 /usr/foo//etc/passwd 762 (elt ARRAY N) is like (aref ARRAY N),
763 763 (elt LIST N) is like (nth N LIST).
764 which stands for the file /etc/passwd. 764
765 765 * rplaca is now a synonym for setcar, and rplacd for setcdr.
766 Formerly, this used to put /usr/foo//etc/passwd in the history list. 766 eql is now a synonym for eq; it turns out that the Common Lisp
767 Now this puts just /etc/passwd in the history list. 767 distinction between eq and eql is insignificant in Emacs.
768 768 numberp is a new synonym for integerp.
769 ** If you are root, Emacs sets backup-by-copying-when-mismatch to t 769
770 at startup, so that saving a file will be sure to preserve 770 * auto-save has been renamed to auto-save-mode.
771 its owner and group. 771
772 772 * Auto save file names for buffers are now created by the
773 ** find-func.el can now also find the place of definition of Emacs 773 function make-auto-save-file-name. This is so you can
774 Lisp variables in user-loaded libraries. 774 redefine that function to change the way auto save file names
775 775 are chosen.
776 ** C-x r t (string-rectangle) now deletes the existing rectangle 776
777 contents before inserting the specified string on each line. 777 * expand-file-name no longer discards a final slash.
778 778 (expand-file-name "foo" "/lose") => "/lose/foo"
779 ** There is a new command delete-whitespace-rectangle 779 (expand-file-name "foo/" "/lose") => "/lose/foo/"
780 which deletes whitespace starting from a particular column 780
781 in all the lines on a rectangle. The column is specified 781 Also, expand-file-name no longer substitutes $ constructs.
782 by the left edge of the rectangle. 782 A new function substitute-in-file-name does this. Reading
783 783 a file name with read-file-name or the `f' or`F' option
784 ** You can now store a number into a register with C-u NUMBER C-x r n REG, 784 of interactive calling uses substitute-in-file-name
785 increment it by INC with C-u INC C-x r + REG (to increment by one, omit 785 on the file name that was read and returns the result.
786 C-u INC), and insert it in the buffer with C-x r g REG. This is useful 786
787 for writing keyboard macros. 787 All I/O primitives including insert-file-contents and
788 788 delete-file call expand-file-name on the file name supplied.
789 ** The new command M-x speedbar displays a frame in which directories, 789 This change makes them considerably faster in the usual case.
790 files, and tags can be displayed, manipulated, and jumped to. The 790
791 frame defaults to 20 characters in width, and is the same height as 791 * Interactive calling spec strings allow the new code letter 'D'
792 the frame that it was started from. Some major modes define 792 which means to read a directory name. It is like 'f' except
793 additional commands for the speedbar, including Rmail, GUD/GDB, and 793 that the default if the user makes no change in the minibuffer
794 info. 794 is to return the current default directory rather than the
795 795 current visited file name.
796 ** query-replace-regexp is now bound to C-M-%. 796
797 797 Changes in Emacs 1.5
798 ** In Transient Mark mode, when the region is active, M-x 798
799 query-replace and the other replace commands now operate on the region 799 * suspend-emacs now accepts an optional argument
800 contents only. 800 which is a string to be stuffed as terminal input
801 801 to be read by Emacs's superior shell after Emacs exits.
802 ** M-x write-region, when used interactively, now asks for 802
803 confirmation before overwriting an existing file. When you call 803 A library called ledit exists which uses this feature
804 the function from a Lisp program, a new optional argument CONFIRM 804 to transmit text to a Lisp job running as a sibling of
805 says whether to ask for confirmation in this case. 805 Emacs.
806 806
807 ** If you use find-file-literally and the file is already visited 807 * If find-file is given the name of a directory,
808 non-literally, the command asks you whether to revisit the file 808 it automatically invokes dired on that directory
809 literally. If you say no, it signals an error. 809 rather than reading in the binary data that make up
810 810 the actual contents of the directory according to Unix.
811 ** Major modes defined with the "derived mode" feature 811
812 now use the proper name for the mode hook: WHATEVER-mode-hook. 812 * Saving an Emacs buffer now preserves the file modes
813 Formerly they used the name WHATEVER-mode-hooks, but that is 813 of any previously existing file with the same name.
814 inconsistent with Emacs conventions. 814 This works using new Lisp functions file-modes and
815 815 set-file-modes, which can be used to read or set the mode
816 ** shell-command-on-region (and shell-command) reports success or 816 bits of any file.
817 failure if the command produces no output. 817
818 818 * The Lisp function cond now exists, with its traditional meaning.
819 ** Set focus-follows-mouse to nil if your window system or window 819
820 manager does not transfer focus to another window when you just move 820 * defvar and defconst now permit the documentation string
821 the mouse. 821 to be omitted. defvar also permits the initial value
822 822 to be omitted; then it acts only as a comment.
823 ** mouse-menu-buffer-maxlen has been renamed to 823
824 mouse-buffer-menu-maxlen to be consistent with the other related 824 Changes in Emacs 1.4
825 function and variable names. 825
826 826 * Auto-filling now normally indents the new line it creates
827 ** The new variable auto-coding-alist specifies coding systems for 827 by calling indent-according-to-mode. This function, meanwhile,
828 reading specific files. This has higher priority than 828 has in Fundamental and Text modes the effect of making the line
829 file-coding-system-alist. 829 have an indentation of the value of left-margin, a per-buffer variable.
830 830
831 ** If you set the variable unibyte-display-via-language-environment to 831 Tab no longer precisely does indent-according-to-mode;
832 t, then Emacs displays non-ASCII characters are displayed by 832 it does that in all modes that supply their own indentation routine,
833 converting them to the equivalent multibyte characters according to 833 but in Fundamental, Text and allied modes it inserts a tab character.
834 the current language environment. As a result, they are displayed 834
835 according to the current fontset. 835 * The command M-x grep now invokes grep (on arguments
836 836 supplied by the user) and reads the output from grep
837 ** C-q's handling of codes in the range 0200 through 0377 is changed. 837 asynchronously into a buffer. The command C-x ` can
838 838 be used to move to the lines that grep has found.
839 The codes in the range 0200 through 0237 are inserted as one byte of 839 This is an adaptation of the mechanism used for
840 that code regardless of the values of nonascii-translation-table and 840 running compilations and finding the loci of error messages.
841 nonascii-insert-offset. 841
842 842 You can now use C-x ` even while grep or compilation
843 For the codes in the range 0240 through 0377, if 843 is proceeding; as more matches or error messages arrive,
844 enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil and nonascii-translation-table 844 C-x ` will parse them and be able to find them.
845 nor nonascii-insert-offset can't convert them to valid multibyte 845
846 characters, they are converted to Latin-1 characters. 846 * M-x mail now provides a command to send the message
847 847 and "exit"--that is, return to the previously selected
848 ** If you try to find a file that is not read-accessible, you now get 848 buffer. It is C-z C-z.
849 an error, rather than an empty buffer and a warning. 849
850 850 * Tab in C mode now tries harder to adapt to all indentation styles.
851 ** In the minibuffer history commands M-r and M-s, an upper case 851 If the line being indented is a statement that is not the first
852 letter in the regular expression forces case-sensitive search. 852 one in the containing compound-statement, it is aligned under
853 853 the beginning of the first statement.
854 ** In the *Help* buffer, cross-references to commands and variables 854
855 are inferred and hyperlinked. Use C-h m in Help mode for the relevant 855 * The functions screen-width and screen-height return the
856 command keys. 856 total width and height of the screen as it is now being used.
857 857 set-screen-width and set-screen-height tell Emacs how big
858 ** M-x apropos-command, with a prefix argument, no longer looks for 858 to assume the screen is; they each take one argument,
859 user option variables--instead it looks for noninteractive functions. 859 an integer.
860 860
861 Meanwhile, the command apropos-variable normally searches for 861 * The Lisp function 'function' now exists. function is the
862 user option variables; with a prefix argument, it looks at 862 same as quote, except that it serves as a signal to the
863 all variables that have documentation. 863 Lisp compiler that the argument should be compiled as
864 864 a function. Example:
865 ** When you type a long line in the minibuffer, and the minibuffer 865 (mapcar (function (lambda (x) (+ x 5))) list)
866 shows just one line, automatically scrolling works in a special way 866
867 that shows you overlap with the previous line of text. The variable 867 * The function set-key has been renamed to global-set-key.
868 minibuffer-scroll-overlap controls how many characters of overlap 868 undefine-key and local-undefine-key has been renamed to
869 it should show; the default is 20. 869 global-unset-key and local-unset-key.
870 870
871 Meanwhile, Resize Minibuffer mode is still available; in that mode, 871 * Emacs now collects input from asynchronous subprocesses
872 the minibuffer grows taller (up to a point) as needed to show the whole 872 while waiting in the functions sleep-for and sit-for.
873 of your input. 873
874 874 * Shell mode's Newline command attempts to distinguish subshell
875 ** The new command M-x customize-changed-options lets you customize 875 prompts from user input when issued in the middle of the buffer.
876 all the options whose meanings or default values have changed in 876 It no longer reexecutes from dot to the end of the line;
877 recent Emacs versions. You specify a previous Emacs version number as 877 it reeexecutes the entire line minus any prompt.
878 argument, and the command creates a customization buffer showing all 878 The prompt is recognized by searching for the value of
879 the customizable options which were changed since that version. 879 shell-prompt-pattern, starting from the beginning of the line.
880 Newly added options are included as well. 880 Anything thus skipped is not reexecuted.
881 881
882 If you don't specify a particular version number argument, 882 Changes in Emacs 1.3
883 then the customization buffer shows all the customizable options 883
884 for which Emacs versions of changes are recorded. 884 * An undo facility exists now. Type C-x u to undo a batch of
885 885 changes (usually one command's changes, but some commands
886 This function is also bound to the Changed Options entry in the 886 such as query-replace divide their changes into multiple
887 Customize menu. 887 batches. You can repeat C-x u to undo further. As long
888 888 as no commands other than C-x u intervene, each one undoes
889 ** When you run M-x grep with a prefix argument, it figures out 889 another batch. A numeric argument to C-x u acts as a repeat
890 the tag around point and puts that into the default grep command. 890 count.
891 891
892 ** The new command M-* (pop-tag-mark) pops back through a history of 892 If you keep on undoing, eventually you may be told that
893 buffer positions from which M-. or other tag-finding commands were 893 you have used up all the recorded undo information.
894 invoked. 894 Some actions, such as reading in files, discard all
895 895 undo information.
896 ** The new variable comment-padding specifies the number of spaces 896
897 that `comment-region' will insert before the actual text of the comment. 897 The undo information is not currently stored separately
898 The default is 1. 898 for each buffer, so it is mainly good if you do something
899 899 totally spastic. [This has since been fixed.]
900 ** In Fortran mode the characters `.', `_' and `$' now have symbol 900
901 syntax, not word syntax. Fortran mode now supports `imenu' and has 901 * A learn-by-doing tutorial introduction to Emacs now exists.
902 new commands fortran-join-line (M-^) and fortran-narrow-to-subprogram 902 Type C-h t to enter it.
903 (C-x n d). M-q can be used to fill a statement or comment block 903
904 sensibly. 904 * An Info documentation browser exists. Do M-x info to enter it.
905 905 It contains a tutorial introduction so that no more documentation
906 ** GUD now supports jdb, the Java debugger, and pdb, the Python debugger. 906 is needed here. As of now, the only documentation in it
907 907 is that of Info itself.
908 ** If you set the variable add-log-keep-changes-together to a non-nil 908
909 value, the command `C-x 4 a' will automatically notice when you make 909 * Help k and Help c are now different. Help c prints just the
910 two entries in one day for one file, and combine them. 910 name of the function which the specified key invokes. Help k
911 911 prints the documentation of the function as well.
912 ** You can use the command M-x diary-mail-entries to mail yourself a 912
913 reminder about upcoming diary entries. See the documentation string 913 * A document of the differences between GNU Emacs and Twenex Emacs
914 for a sample shell script for calling this function automatically 914 now exists. It is called DIFF, in the same directory as this file.
915 every night. 915
916 916 * C mode can now indent comments better, including multi-line ones.
917 ** Desktop changes 917 Meta-Control-q now reindents comment lines within the expression
918 918 being aligned.
919 *** All you need to do to enable use of the Desktop package, is to set 919
920 the variable desktop-enable to t with Custom. 920 * Insertion of a close-parenthesis now shows the matching open-parenthesis
921 921 even if it is off screen, by printing the text following it on its line
922 *** Minor modes are now restored. Which minor modes are restored 922 in the minibuffer.
923 and how modes are restored is controlled by `desktop-minor-mode-table'. 923
924 924 * A file can now contain a list of local variable values
925 ** There is no need to do anything special, now, to enable Gnus to 925 to be in effect when the file is edited. See the file DIFF
926 read and post multi-lingual articles. 926 in the same directory as this file for full details.
927 927
928 ** Outline mode has now support for showing hidden outlines when 928 * A function nth is defined. It means the same thing as in Common Lisp.
929 doing an isearch. In order for this to happen search-invisible should 929
930 be set to open (the default). If an isearch match is inside a hidden 930 * The function install-command has been renamed to set-key.
931 outline the outline is made visible. If you continue pressing C-s and 931 It now takes the key sequence as the first argument
932 the match moves outside the formerly invisible outline, the outline is 932 and the definition for it as the second argument.
933 made invisible again. 933 Likewise, local-install-command has been renamed to local-set-key.
934 934
935 ** Mail reading and sending changes 935 Changes in Emacs 1.2
936 936
937 *** The Rmail e command now switches to displaying the whole header of 937 * A Lisp single-stepping and debugging facility exists.
938 the message before it lets you edit the message. This is so that any 938 To cause the debugger to be entered when an error
939 changes you make in the header will not be lost if you subsequently 939 occurs, set the variable debug-on-error non-nil.
940 toggle. 940
941 941 To cause the debugger to be entered whenever function foo
942 *** The w command in Rmail, which writes the message body into a file, 942 is called, do (debug-on-entry 'foo). To cancel this,
943 now works in the summary buffer as well. (The command to delete the 943 do (cancel-debug-on-entry 'foo). debug-on-entry does
944 summary buffer is now Q.) The default file name for the w command, if 944 not work for primitives (written in C), only functions
945 the message has no subject, is stored in the variable 945 written in Lisp. Most standard Emacs commands are in Lisp.
946 rmail-default-body-file. 946
947 947 When the debugger is entered, the selected window shows
948 *** Most of the commands and modes that operate on mail and netnews no 948 a buffer called " *Backtrace" which displays a series
949 longer depend on the value of mail-header-separator. Instead, they 949 of stack frames, most recently entered first. For each
950 handle whatever separator the buffer happens to use. 950 frame, the function name called is shown, usually followed
951 951 by the argument values unless arguments are still being
952 *** If you set mail-signature to a value which is not t, nil, or a string, 952 calculated. At the beginning of the buffer is a description
953 it should be an expression. When you send a message, this expression 953 of why the debugger was entered: function entry, function exit,
954 is evaluated to insert the signature. 954 error, or simply that the user called the function `debug'.
955 955
956 *** The new Lisp library feedmail.el (version 8) enhances processing of 956 To exit the debugger and return to top level, type `q'.
957 outbound email messages. It works in coordination with other email 957
958 handling packages (e.g., rmail, VM, gnus) and is responsible for 958 In the debugger, you can evaluate Lisp expressions by
959 putting final touches on messages and actually submitting them for 959 typing `e'. This is equivalent to `M-ESC'.
960 transmission. Users of the emacs program "fakemail" might be 960
961 especially interested in trying feedmail. 961 When the debugger is entered due to an error, that is
962 962 all you can do. When it is entered due to function entry
963 feedmail is not enabled by default. See comments at the top of 963 (such as, requested by debug-on-entry), you have two
964 feedmail.el for set-up instructions. Among the bigger features 964 options:
965 provided by feedmail are: 965 Continue execution and reenter debugger after the
966 966 completion of the function being entered. Type `c'.
967 **** you can park outgoing messages into a disk-based queue and 967 Continue execution but enter the debugger before
968 stimulate sending some or all of them later (handy for laptop users); 968 the next subexpression. Type `d'.
969 there is also a queue for draft messages 969
970 970 You will see that some stack frames are marked with *.
971 **** you can get one last look at the prepped outbound message and 971 This means the debugger will be entered when those
972 be prompted for confirmation 972 frames exit. You will see the value being returned
973 973 in the first line of the backtrace buffer. Your options:
974 **** does smart filling of address headers 974 Continue execution, and return that value. Type `c'.
975 975 Continue execution, and return a specified value. Type `r'.
976 **** can generate a MESSAGE-ID: line and a DATE: line; the date can be 976
977 the time the message was written or the time it is being sent; this 977 You can mark a frame to enter the debugger on exit
978 can make FCC copies more closely resemble copies that recipients get 978 with the `b' command, or clear such a mark with `u'.
979 979
980 **** you can specify an arbitrary function for actually transmitting 980 * Lisp macros now exist.
981 the message; included in feedmail are interfaces for /bin/[r]mail, 981 For example, you can write
982 /usr/lib/sendmail, and elisp smtpmail; it's easy to write a new 982 (defmacro cadr (arg) (list 'car (list 'cdr arg)))
983 function for something else (10-20 lines of elisp) 983 and then the expression
984 984 (cadr foo)
985 ** Dired changes 985 will expand into
986 986 (car (cdr foo))
987 *** The Dired function dired-do-toggle, which toggles marked and unmarked 987
988 files, is now bound to "t" instead of "T". 988 Changes in Emacs 1.1
989 989
990 *** dired-at-point has been added to ffap.el. It allows one to easily 990 * The initial buffer is now called "scratch" and is in a
991 run Dired on the directory name at point. 991 new major mode, Lisp Interaction mode. This mode is
992 992 intended for typing Lisp expressions, evaluating them,
993 *** Dired has a new command: %g. It searches the contents of 993 and having the values printed into the buffer.
994 files in the directory and marks each file that contains a match 994
995 for a specified regexp. 995 Type Linefeed after a Lisp expression, to evaluate the
996 996 expression and have its value printed into the buffer,
997 ** VC Changes 997 advancing dot.
998 998
999 *** New option vc-ignore-vc-files lets you turn off version control 999 The other commands of Lisp mode are available.
1000 conveniently. 1000
1001 1001 * The C-x C-e command for evaluating the Lisp expression
1002 *** VC Dired has been completely rewritten. It is now much 1002 before dot has been changed to print the value in the
1003 faster, especially for CVS, and works very similar to ordinary 1003 minibuffer line rather than insert it in the buffer.
1004 Dired. 1004 A numeric argument causes the printed value to appear
1005 1005 in the buffer instead.
1006 VC Dired is invoked by typing C-x v d and entering the name of the 1006
1007 directory to display. By default, VC Dired gives you a recursive 1007 * In Lisp mode, the command M-C-x evaluates the defun
1008 listing of all files at or below the given directory which are 1008 containing or following dot. The value is printed in
1009 currently locked (for CVS, all files not up-to-date are shown). 1009 the minibuffer.
1010 1010
1011 You can change the listing format by setting vc-dired-recurse to nil, 1011 * The value of a Lisp expression evaluated using M-ESC
1012 then it shows only the given directory, and you may also set 1012 is now printed in the minibuffer.
1013 vc-dired-terse-display to nil, then it shows all files under version 1013
1014 control plus the names of any subdirectories, so that you can type `i' 1014 * M-q now runs fill-paragraph, independent of major mode.
1015 on such lines to insert them manually, as in ordinary Dired. 1015
1016 1016 * C-h m now prints documentation on the current buffer's
1017 All Dired commands operate normally in VC Dired, except for `v', which 1017 major mode. What it prints is the documentation of the
1018 is redefined as the version control prefix. That means you may type 1018 major mode name as a function. All major modes have been
1019 `v l', `v =' etc. to invoke `vc-print-log', `vc-diff' and the like on 1019 equipped with documentation that describes all commands
1020 the file named in the current Dired buffer line. `v v' invokes 1020 peculiar to the major mode, for this purpose.
1021 `vc-next-action' on this file, or on all files currently marked. 1021
1022 1022 * You can display a Unix manual entry with
1023 The new command `v t' (vc-dired-toggle-terse-mode) allows you to 1023 the M-x manual-entry command.
1024 toggle between terse display (only locked files) and full display (all 1024
1025 VC files plus subdirectories). There is also a special command, 1025 * You can run a shell, displaying its output in a buffer,
1026 `* l', to mark all files currently locked. 1026 with the M-x shell command. The Return key sends input
1027 1027 to the subshell. Output is printed inserted automatically
1028 Giving a prefix argument to C-x v d now does the same thing as in 1028 in the buffer. Commands C-c, C-d, C-u, C-w and C-z are redefined
1029 ordinary Dired: it allows you to supply additional options for the ls 1029 for controlling the subshell and its subjobs.
1030 command in the minibuffer, to fine-tune VC Dired's output. 1030 "cd", "pushd" and "popd" commands are recognized as you
1031 1031 enter them, so that the default directory of the Emacs buffer
1032 *** Under CVS, if you merge changes from the repository into a working 1032 always remains the same as that of the subshell.
1033 file, and CVS detects conflicts, VC now offers to start an ediff 1033
1034 session to resolve them. 1034 * C-x $ (that's a real dollar sign) controls line-hiding based
1035 1035 on indentation. With a numeric arg N > 0, it causes all lines
1036 Alternatively, you can use the new command `vc-resolve-conflicts' to 1036 indented by N or more columns to become invisible.
1037 resolve conflicts in a file at any time. It works in any buffer that 1037 They are, effectively, tacked onto the preceding line, where
1038 contains conflict markers as generated by rcsmerge (which is what CVS 1038 they are represented by " ..." on the screen.
1039 uses as well). 1039 (The end of the preceding visible line corresponds to a
1040 1040 screen cursor position before the "...". Anywhere in the
1041 *** You can now transfer changes between branches, using the new 1041 invisible lines that follow appears on the screen as a cursor
1042 command vc-merge (C-x v m). It is implemented for RCS and CVS. When 1042 position after the "...".)
1043 you invoke it in a buffer under version-control, you can specify 1043 Currently, all editing commands treat invisible lines just
1044 either an entire branch or a pair of versions, and the changes on that 1044 like visible ones, except for C-n and C-p, which have special
1045 branch or between the two versions are merged into the working file. 1045 code to count visible lines only.
1046 If this results in any conflicts, they may be resolved interactively, 1046 C-x $ with no argument turns off this mode, which in any case
1047 using ediff. 1047 is remembered separately for each buffer.
1048 1048
1049 ** Changes in Font Lock 1049 * Outline mode is another form of selective display.
1050 1050 It is a major mode invoked with M-x outline-mode.
1051 *** The face and variable previously known as font-lock-reference-face 1051 It is intended for editing files that are structured as
1052 are now called font-lock-constant-face to better reflect their typical 1052 outlines, with heading lines (lines that begin with one
1053 use for highlighting constants and labels. (Its face properties are 1053 or more asterisks) and text lines (all other lines).
1054 unchanged.) The variable font-lock-reference-face remains for now for 1054 The number of asterisks in a heading line are its level;
1055 compatibility reasons, but its value is font-lock-constant-face. 1055 the subheadings of a heading line are all following heading
1056 1056 lines at higher levels, until but not including the next
1057 ** Frame name display changes 1057 heading line at the same or a lower level, regardless
1058 1058 of intervening text lines.
1059 *** The command set-frame-name lets you set the name of the current 1059
1060 frame. You can use the new command select-frame-by-name to select and 1060 In outline mode, you have commands to hide (remove from display)
1061 raise a frame; this is mostly useful on character-only terminals, or 1061 or show the text or subheadings under each heading line
1062 when many frames are invisible or iconified. 1062 independently. Hidden text or subheadings are invisibly
1063 1063 attached to the end of the preceding heading line, so that
1064 *** On character-only terminal (not a window system), changing the 1064 if you kill the hading line and yank it back elsewhere
1065 frame name is now reflected on the mode line and in the Buffers/Frames 1065 all the invisible lines accompany it.
1066 menu. 1066
1067 1067 All editing commands treat hidden outline-mode lines
1068 ** Comint (subshell) changes 1068 as part of the preceding visible line.
1069 1069
1070 *** In Comint modes, the commands to kill, stop or interrupt a 1070 * C-x C-z runs save-buffers-kill-emacs
1071 subjob now also kill pending input. This is for compatibility 1071 offers to save each file buffer, then exits.
1072 with ordinary shells, where the signal characters do this. 1072
1073 1073 * C-c's function is now called suspend-emacs.
1074 *** There are new commands in Comint mode. 1074
1075 1075 * The command C-x m runs mail, which switches to a buffer *mail*
1076 C-c C-x fetches the "next" line from the input history; 1076 and lets you compose a message to send. C-x 4 m runs mail in
1077 that is, the line after the last line you got. 1077 another window. Type C-z C-s in the mail buffer to send the
1078 You can use this command to fetch successive lines, one by one. 1078 message according to what you have entered in the buffer.
1079 1079
1080 C-c SPC accumulates lines of input. More precisely, it arranges to 1080 You must separate the headers from the message text with
1081 send the current line together with the following line, when you send 1081 an empty line.
1082 the following line. 1082
1083 1083 * You can now dired partial directories (specified with names
1084 C-c C-a if repeated twice consecutively now moves to the process mark, 1084 containing *'s, etc, all processed by the shell). Also, you
1085 which separates the pending input from the subprocess output and the 1085 can dired more than one directory; dired names the buffer
1086 previously sent input. 1086 according to the filespec or directory name. Reinvoking
1087 1087 dired on a directory already direded just switches back to
1088 C-c M-r now runs comint-previous-matching-input-from-input; 1088 the same directory used last time; do M-x revert if you want
1089 it searches for a previous command, using the current pending input 1089 to read in the current contents of the directory.
1090 as the search string. 1090
1091 1091 C-x d runs dired, and C-x 4 d runs dired in another window.
1092 *** New option compilation-scroll-output can be set to scroll 1092
1093 automatically in compilation-mode windows. 1093 C-x C-d (list-directory) also allows partial directories now.
1094 1094
1095 ** C mode changes 1095 Lisp programming changes
1096 1096
1097 *** Multiline macros are now handled, both as they affect indentation, 1097 * t as an output stream now means "print to the minibuffer".
1098 and as recognized syntax. New syntactic symbol cpp-macro-cont is 1098 If there is already text in the minibuffer printed via t
1099 assigned to second and subsequent lines of a multiline macro 1099 as an output stream, the new text is appended to the old
1100 definition. 1100 (or is truncated and lost at the margin). If the minibuffer
1101 1101 contains text put there for some other reason, it is cleared
1102 *** A new style "user" which captures all non-hook-ified 1102 first.
1103 (i.e. top-level) .emacs file variable settings and customizations. 1103
1104 Style "cc-mode" is an alias for "user" and is deprecated. "gnu" 1104 t is now the top-level value of standard-output.
1105 style is still the default however. 1105
1106 1106 t as an input stream now means "read via the minibuffer".
1107 *** "java" style now conforms to Sun's JDK coding style. 1107 The minibuffer is used to read a line of input, with editing,
1108 1108 and this line is then parsed. Any excess not used by `read'
1109 *** There are new commands c-beginning-of-defun, c-end-of-defun which 1109 is ignored; each `read' from t reads fresh input.
1110 are alternatives which you could bind to C-M-a and C-M-e if you prefer 1110 t is now the top-level value of standard-input.
1111 them. They do not have key bindings by default. 1111
1112 1112 * A marker may be used as an input stream or an output stream.
1113 *** New and improved implementations of M-a (c-beginning-of-statement) 1113 The effect is to grab input from where the marker points,
1114 and M-e (c-end-of-statement). 1114 advancing it over the characters read, or to insert output
1115 1115 at the marker and advance it.
1116 *** C++ namespace blocks are supported, with new syntactic symbols 1116
1117 namespace-open, namespace-close, and innamespace. 1117 * Output from an asynchronous subprocess is now inserted at
1118 1118 the end of the associated buffer, not at the buffer's dot,
1119 *** File local variable settings of c-file-style and c-file-offsets 1119 and the buffer's mark is set to the end of the inserted output
1120 makes the style variables local to that buffer only. 1120 each time output is inserted.
1121 1121
1122 *** New indentation functions c-lineup-close-paren, 1122 * (pos-visible-in-window-p POS WINDOW)
1123 c-indent-one-line-block, c-lineup-dont-change. 1123 returns t if position POS in WINDOW's buffer is in the range
1124 1124 that is being displayed in WINDOW; nil if it is scrolled
1125 *** Improvements (hopefully!) to the way CC Mode is loaded. You 1125 vertically out of visibility.
1126 should now be able to do a (require 'cc-mode) to get the entire 1126
1127 package loaded properly for customization in your .emacs file. A new 1127 If display in WINDOW is not currently up to date, this function
1128 variable c-initialize-on-load controls this and is t by default. 1128 calculates carefully whether POS would appear if display were
1129 1129 done immediately based on the current (window-start WINDOW).
1130 ** Changes to hippie-expand. 1130
1131 1131 POS defaults to (dot), and WINDOW to (selected-window).
1132 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-dabbrev-skip-space'. If 1132
1133 non-nil, trailing spaces may be included in the abbreviation to search for, 1133 * Variable buffer-alist replaced by function (buffer-list).
1134 which then gives the same behavior as the original `dabbrev-expand'. 1134 The actual alist of buffers used internally by Emacs is now
1135 1135 no longer accessible, to prevent the user from crashing Emacs
1136 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-dabbrev-as-symbol'. If 1136 by modifying it. The function buffer-list returns a list
1137 non-nil, characters of syntax '_' is considered part of the word when 1137 of all existing buffers. Modifying this list cannot hurt anything
1138 expanding dynamically. 1138 as a new list is constructed by each call to buffer-list.
1139 1139
1140 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-no-restriction'. If 1140 * load now takes an optional third argument NOMSG which, if non-nil,
1141 non-nil, narrowed buffers are widened before they are searched. 1141 prevents load from printing a message when it starts and when
1142 1142 it is done.
1143 *** New customization variable `hippie-expand-only-buffers'. If 1143
1144 non-empty, buffers searched are restricted to the types specified in 1144 * byte-recompile-directory is a new function which finds all
1145 this list. Useful for example when constructing new special-purpose 1145 the .elc files in a directory, and regenerates each one which
1146 expansion functions with `make-hippie-expand-function'. 1146 is older than the corresponding .el (Lisp source) file.
1147 1147
1148 *** Text properties of the expansion are no longer copied.
1149
1150 ** Changes in BibTeX mode.
1151
1152 *** Any titleword matching a regexp in the new variable
1153 bibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore (case sensitive) is ignored during
1154 automatic key generation. This replaces variable
1155 bibtex-autokey-titleword-first-ignore, which only checked for matches
1156 against the first word in the title.
1157
1158 *** Autokey generation now uses all words from the title, not just
1159 capitalized words. To avoid conflicts with existing customizations,
1160 bibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore is set up such that words starting with
1161 lowerkey characters will still be ignored. Thus, if you want to use
1162 lowercase words from the title, you will have to overwrite the
1163 bibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore standard setting.
1164
1165 *** Case conversion of names and title words for automatic key
1166 generation is more flexible. Variable bibtex-autokey-preserve-case is
1167 replaced by bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert and
1168 bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert.
1169
1170 ** Changes in vcursor.el.
1171
1172 *** Support for character terminals is available: there is a new keymap
1173 and the vcursor will appear as an arrow between buffer text. A
1174 variable `vcursor-interpret-input' allows input from the vcursor to be
1175 entered exactly as if typed. Numerous functions, including
1176 `vcursor-compare-windows', have been rewritten to improve consistency
1177 in the selection of windows and corresponding keymaps.
1178
1179 *** vcursor options can now be altered with M-x customize under the
1180 Editing group once the package is loaded.
1181
1182 *** Loading vcursor now does not define keys by default, as this is
1183 generally a bad side effect. Use M-x customize to set
1184 vcursor-key-bindings to t to restore the old behaviour.
1185
1186 *** vcursor-auto-disable can be `copy', which turns off copying from the
1187 vcursor, but doesn't disable it, after any non-vcursor command.
1188
1189 ** Ispell changes.
1190
1191 *** You can now spell check comments and strings in the current
1192 buffer with M-x ispell-comments-and-strings. Comments and strings
1193 are identified by syntax tables in effect.
1194
1195 *** Generic region skipping implemented.
1196 A single buffer can be broken into a number of regions where text will
1197 and will not be checked. The definitions of the regions can be user
1198 defined. New applications and improvements made available by this
1199 include:
1200
1201 o URLs are automatically skipped
1202 o EMail message checking is vastly improved.
1203
1204 *** Ispell can highlight the erroneous word even on non-window terminals.
1205
1206 ** Changes to RefTeX mode
1207
1208 RefTeX has been updated in order to make it more usable with very
1209 large projects (like a several volume math book). The parser has been
1210 re-written from scratch. To get maximum speed from RefTeX, check the
1211 section `Optimizations' in the manual.
1212
1213 *** New recursive parser.
1214
1215 The old version of RefTeX created a single large buffer containing the
1216 entire multifile document in order to parse the document. The new
1217 recursive parser scans the individual files.
1218
1219 *** Parsing only part of a document.
1220
1221 Reparsing of changed document parts can now be made faster by enabling
1222 partial scans. To use this feature, read the documentation string of
1223 the variable `reftex-enable-partial-scans' and set the variable to t.
1224
1225 (setq reftex-enable-partial-scans t)
1226
1227 *** Storing parsing information in a file.
1228
1229 This can improve startup times considerably. To turn it on, use
1230
1231 (setq reftex-save-parse-info t)
1232
1233 *** Using multiple selection buffers
1234
1235 If the creation of label selection buffers is too slow (this happens
1236 for large documents), you can reuse these buffers by setting
1237
1238 (setq reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers t)
1239
1240 *** References to external documents.
1241
1242 The LaTeX package `xr' allows to cross-reference labels in external
1243 documents. RefTeX can provide information about the external
1244 documents as well. To use this feature, set up the \externaldocument
1245 macros required by the `xr' package and rescan the document with
1246 RefTeX. The external labels can then be accessed with the `x' key in
1247 the selection buffer provided by `reftex-reference' (bound to `C-c )').
1248 The `x' key also works in the table of contents buffer.
1249
1250 *** Many more labeled LaTeX environments are recognized by default.
1251
1252 The builtin command list now covers all the standard LaTeX commands,
1253 and all of the major packages included in the LaTeX distribution.
1254
1255 Also, RefTeX now understands the \appendix macro and changes
1256 the enumeration of sections in the *toc* buffer accordingly.
1257
1258 *** Mouse support for selection and *toc* buffers
1259
1260 The mouse can now be used to select items in the selection and *toc*
1261 buffers. See also the new option `reftex-highlight-selection'.
1262
1263 *** New keymaps for selection and table of contents modes.
1264
1265 The selection processes for labels and citation keys, and the table of
1266 contents buffer now have their own keymaps: `reftex-select-label-map',
1267 `reftex-select-bib-map', `reftex-toc-map'. The selection processes
1268 have a number of new keys predefined. In particular, TAB lets you
1269 enter a label with completion. Check the on-the-fly help (press `?'
1270 at the selection prompt) or read the Info documentation to find out
1271 more.
1272
1273 *** Support for the varioref package
1274
1275 The `v' key in the label selection buffer toggles \ref versus \vref.
1276
1277 *** New hooks
1278
1279 Three new hooks can be used to redefine the way labels, references,
1280 and citations are created. These hooks are
1281 `reftex-format-label-function', `reftex-format-ref-function',
1282 `reftex-format-cite-function'.
1283
1284 *** Citations outside LaTeX
1285
1286 The command `reftex-citation' may also be used outside LaTeX (e.g. in
1287 a mail buffer). See the Info documentation for details.
1288
1289 *** Short context is no longer fontified.
1290
1291 The short context in the label menu no longer copies the
1292 fontification from the text in the buffer. If you prefer it to be
1293 fontified, use
1294
1295 (setq reftex-refontify-context t)
1296
1297 ** file-cache-minibuffer-complete now accepts a prefix argument.
1298 With a prefix argument, it does not try to do completion of
1299 the file name within its directory; it only checks for other
1300 directories that contain the same file name.
1301
1302 Thus, given the file name Makefile, and assuming that a file
1303 Makefile.in exists in the same directory, ordinary
1304 file-cache-minibuffer-complete will try to complete Makefile to
1305 Makefile.in and will therefore never look for other directories that
1306 have Makefile. A prefix argument tells it not to look for longer
1307 names such as Makefile.in, so that instead it will look for other
1308 directories--just as if the name were already complete in its present
1309 directory.
1310
1311 ** New modes and packages
1312
1313 *** There is a new alternative major mode for Perl, Cperl mode.
1314 It has many more features than Perl mode, and some people prefer
1315 it, but some do not.
1316
1317 *** There is a new major mode, M-x vhdl-mode, for editing files of VHDL
1318 code.
1319
1320 *** M-x which-function-mode enables a minor mode that displays the
1321 current function name continuously in the mode line, as you move
1322 around in a buffer.
1323
1324 Which Function mode is effective in major modes which support Imenu.
1325
1326 *** Gametree is a major mode for editing game analysis trees. The author
1327 uses it for keeping notes about his postal Chess games, but it should
1328 be helpful for other two-player games as well, as long as they have an
1329 established system of notation similar to Chess.
1330
1331 *** The new minor mode checkdoc-minor-mode provides Emacs Lisp
1332 documentation string checking for style and spelling. The style
1333 guidelines are found in the Emacs Lisp programming manual.
1334
1335 *** The net-utils package makes some common networking features
1336 available in Emacs. Some of these functions are wrappers around
1337 system utilities (ping, nslookup, etc); others are implementations of
1338 simple protocols (finger, whois) in Emacs Lisp. There are also
1339 functions to make simple connections to TCP/IP ports for debugging and
1340 the like.
1341
1342 *** highlight-changes-mode is a minor mode that uses colors to
1343 identify recently changed parts of the buffer text.
1344
1345 *** The new package `midnight' lets you specify things to be done
1346 within Emacs at midnight--by default, kill buffers that you have not
1347 used in a considerable time. To use this feature, customize
1348 the user option `midnight-mode' to t.
1349
1350 *** The file generic-x.el defines a number of simple major modes.
1351
1352 apache-generic-mode: For Apache and NCSA httpd configuration files
1353 samba-generic-mode: Samba configuration files
1354 fvwm-generic-mode: For fvwm initialization files
1355 x-resource-generic-mode: For X resource files
1356 hosts-generic-mode: For hosts files (.rhosts, /etc/hosts, etc)
1357 mailagent-rules-generic-mode: For mailagent .rules files
1358 javascript-generic-mode: For JavaScript files
1359 vrml-generic-mode: For VRML files
1360 java-manifest-generic-mode: For Java MANIFEST files
1361 java-properties-generic-mode: For Java property files
1362 mailrc-generic-mode: For .mailrc files
1363
1364 Platform-specific modes:
1365
1366 prototype-generic-mode: For Solaris/Sys V prototype files
1367 pkginfo-generic-mode: For Solaris/Sys V pkginfo files
1368 alias-generic-mode: For C shell alias files
1369 inf-generic-mode: For MS-Windows INF files
1370 ini-generic-mode: For MS-Windows INI files
1371 reg-generic-mode: For MS-Windows Registry files
1372 bat-generic-mode: For MS-Windows BAT scripts
1373 rc-generic-mode: For MS-Windows Resource files
1374 rul-generic-mode: For InstallShield scripts
1375
1376 * Lisp changes in Emacs 20.3 since the Emacs Lisp Manual was published
1377
1378 ** If you want a Lisp file to be read in unibyte mode,
1379 use -*-unibyte: t;-*- on its first line.
1380 That will force Emacs to read that file in unibyte mode.
1381 Otherwise, the file will be loaded and byte-compiled in multibyte mode.
1382
1383 Thus, each lisp file is read in a consistent way regardless of whether
1384 you started Emacs with --unibyte, so that a Lisp program gives
1385 consistent results regardless of how Emacs was started.
1386
1387 ** The new function assoc-default is useful for searching an alist,
1388 and using a default value if the key is not found there. You can
1389 specify a comparison predicate, so this function is useful for
1390 searching comparing a string against an alist of regular expressions.
1391
1392 ** The functions unibyte-char-to-multibyte and
1393 multibyte-char-to-unibyte convert between unibyte and multibyte
1394 character codes, in a way that is appropriate for the current language
1395 environment.
1396
1397 ** The functions read-event, read-char and read-char-exclusive now
1398 take two optional arguments. PROMPT, if non-nil, specifies a prompt
1399 string. SUPPRESS-INPUT-METHOD, if non-nil, says to disable the
1400 current input method for reading this one event.
1401
1402 ** Two new variables print-escape-nonascii and print-escape-multibyte
1403 now control whether to output certain characters as
1404 backslash-sequences. print-escape-nonascii applies to single-byte
1405 non-ASCII characters; print-escape-multibyte applies to multibyte
1406 characters. Both of these variables are used only when printing
1407 in readable fashion (prin1 uses them, princ does not).
1408
1409 * Lisp changes in Emacs 20.3 before the Emacs Lisp Manual was published
1410
1411 ** Compiled Emacs Lisp files made with the modified "MBSK" version
1412 of Emacs 20.2 do not work in Emacs 20.3.
1413
1414 ** Buffer positions are now measured in characters, as they were
1415 in Emacs 19 and before. This means that (forward-char 1)
1416 always increases point by 1.
1417
1418 The function chars-in-region now just subtracts its arguments. It is
1419 considered obsolete. The function char-boundary-p has been deleted.
1420
1421 See below for additional changes relating to multibyte characters.
1422
1423 ** defcustom, defface and defgroup now accept the keyword `:version'.
1424 Use this to specify in which version of Emacs a certain variable's
1425 default value changed. For example,
1426
1427 (defcustom foo-max 34 "*Maximum number of foo's allowed."
1428 :type 'integer
1429 :group 'foo
1430 :version "20.3")
1431
1432 (defgroup foo-group nil "The foo group."
1433 :version "20.3")
1434
1435 If an entire new group is added or the variables in it have the
1436 default values changed, then just add a `:version' to that group. It
1437 is recommended that new packages added to the distribution contain a
1438 `:version' in the top level group.
1439
1440 This information is used to control the customize-changed-options command.
1441
1442 ** It is now an error to change the value of a symbol whose name
1443 starts with a colon--if it is interned in the standard obarray.
1444
1445 However, setting such a symbol to its proper value, which is that
1446 symbol itself, is not an error. This is for the sake of programs that
1447 support previous Emacs versions by explicitly setting these variables
1448 to themselves.
1449
1450 If you set the variable keyword-symbols-constant-flag to nil,
1451 this error is suppressed, and you can set these symbols to any
1452 values whatever.
1453
1454 ** There is a new debugger command, R.
1455 It evaluates an expression like e, but saves the result
1456 in the buffer *Debugger-record*.
1457
1458 ** Frame-local variables.
1459
1460 You can now make a variable local to various frames. To do this, call
1461 the function make-variable-frame-local; this enables frames to have
1462 local bindings for that variable.
1463
1464 These frame-local bindings are actually frame parameters: you create a
1465 frame-local binding in a specific frame by calling
1466 modify-frame-parameters and specifying the variable name as the
1467 parameter name.
1468
1469 Buffer-local bindings take precedence over frame-local bindings.
1470 Thus, if the current buffer has a buffer-local binding, that binding is
1471 active; otherwise, if the selected frame has a frame-local binding,
1472 that binding is active; otherwise, the default binding is active.
1473
1474 It would not be hard to implement window-local bindings, but it is not
1475 clear that this would be very useful; windows tend to come and go in a
1476 very transitory fashion, so that trying to produce any specific effect
1477 through a window-local binding would not be very robust.
1478
1479 ** `sregexq' and `sregex' are two new functions for constructing
1480 "symbolic regular expressions." These are Lisp expressions that, when
1481 evaluated, yield conventional string-based regexps. The symbolic form
1482 makes it easier to construct, read, and maintain complex patterns.
1483 See the documentation in sregex.el.
1484
1485 ** parse-partial-sexp's return value has an additional element which
1486 is used to pass information along if you pass it to another call to
1487 parse-partial-sexp, starting its scan where the first call ended.
1488 The contents of this field are not yet finalized.
1489
1490 ** eval-region now accepts a fourth optional argument READ-FUNCTION.
1491 If it is non-nil, that function is used instead of `read'.
1492
1493 ** unload-feature by default removes the feature's functions from
1494 known hooks to avoid trouble, but a package providing FEATURE can
1495 define a hook FEATURE-unload-hook to be run by unload-feature instead.
1496
1497 ** read-from-minibuffer no longer returns the argument DEFAULT-VALUE
1498 when the user enters empty input. It now returns the null string, as
1499 it did in Emacs 19. The default value is made available in the
1500 history via M-n, but it is not applied here as a default.
1501
1502 The other, more specialized minibuffer-reading functions continue to
1503 return the default value (not the null string) when the user enters
1504 empty input.
1505
1506 ** The new variable read-buffer-function controls which routine to use
1507 for selecting buffers. For example, if you set this variable to
1508 `iswitchb-read-buffer', iswitchb will be used to read buffer names.
1509 Other functions can also be used if they accept the same arguments as
1510 `read-buffer' and return the selected buffer name as a string.
1511
1512 ** The new function read-passwd reads a password from the terminal,
1513 echoing a period for each character typed. It takes three arguments:
1514 a prompt string, a flag which says "read it twice to make sure", and a
1515 default password to use if the user enters nothing.
1516
1517 ** The variable fill-nobreak-predicate gives major modes a way to
1518 specify not to break a line at certain places. Its value is a
1519 function which is called with no arguments, with point located at the
1520 place where a break is being considered. If the function returns
1521 non-nil, then the line won't be broken there.
1522
1523 ** window-end now takes an optional second argument, UPDATE.
1524 If this is non-nil, then the function always returns an accurate
1525 up-to-date value for the buffer position corresponding to the
1526 end of the window, even if this requires computation.
1527
1528 ** other-buffer now takes an optional argument FRAME
1529 which specifies which frame's buffer list to use.
1530 If it is nil, that means use the selected frame's buffer list.
1531
1532 ** The new variable buffer-display-time, always local in every buffer,
1533 holds the value of (current-time) as of the last time that a window
1534 was directed to display this buffer.
1535
1536 ** It is now meaningful to compare two window-configuration objects
1537 with `equal'. Two window-configuration objects are equal if they
1538 describe equivalent arrangements of windows, in the same frame--in
1539 other words, if they would give the same results if passed to
1540 set-window-configuration.
1541
1542 ** compare-window-configurations is a new function that compares two
1543 window configurations loosely. It ignores differences in saved buffer
1544 positions and scrolling, and considers only the structure and sizes of
1545 windows and the choice of buffers to display.
1546
1547 ** The variable minor-mode-overriding-map-alist allows major modes to
1548 override the key bindings of a minor mode. The elements of this alist
1549 look like the elements of minor-mode-map-alist: (VARIABLE . KEYMAP).
1550
1551 If the VARIABLE in an element of minor-mode-overriding-map-alist has a
1552 non-nil value, the paired KEYMAP is active, and totally overrides the
1553 map (if any) specified for the same variable in minor-mode-map-alist.
1554
1555 minor-mode-overriding-map-alist is automatically local in all buffers,
1556 and it is meant to be set by major modes.
1557
1558 ** The function match-string-no-properties is like match-string
1559 except that it discards all text properties from the result.
1560
1561 ** The function load-average now accepts an optional argument
1562 USE-FLOATS. If it is non-nil, the load average values are returned as
1563 floating point numbers, rather than as integers to be divided by 100.
1564
1565 ** The new variable temporary-file-directory specifies the directory
1566 to use for creating temporary files. The default value is determined
1567 in a reasonable way for your operating system; on GNU and Unix systems
1568 it is based on the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables.
1569
1570 ** Menu changes
1571
1572 *** easymenu.el now uses the new menu item format and supports the
1573 keywords :visible and :filter. The existing keyword :keys is now
1574 better supported.
1575
1576 The variable `easy-menu-precalculate-equivalent-keybindings' controls
1577 a new feature which calculates keyboard equivalents for the menu when
1578 you define the menu. The default is t. If you rarely use menus, you
1579 can set the variable to nil to disable this precalculation feature;
1580 then the calculation is done only if you use the menu bar.
1581
1582 *** A new format for menu items is supported.
1583
1584 In a keymap, a key binding that has the format
1585 (STRING . REAL-BINDING) or (STRING HELP-STRING . REAL-BINDING)
1586 defines a menu item. Now a menu item definition may also be a list that
1587 starts with the symbol `menu-item'.
1588
1589 The format is:
1590 (menu-item ITEM-NAME) or
1591 (menu-item ITEM-NAME REAL-BINDING . ITEM-PROPERTY-LIST)
1592 where ITEM-NAME is an expression which evaluates to the menu item
1593 string, and ITEM-PROPERTY-LIST has the form of a property list.
1594 The supported properties include
1595
1596 :enable FORM Evaluate FORM to determine whether the
1597 item is enabled.
1598 :visible FORM Evaluate FORM to determine whether the
1599 item should appear in the menu.
1600 :filter FILTER-FN
1601 FILTER-FN is a function of one argument,
1602 which will be REAL-BINDING.
1603 It should return a binding to use instead.
1604 :keys DESCRIPTION
1605 DESCRIPTION is a string that describes an equivalent keyboard
1606 binding for for REAL-BINDING. DESCRIPTION is expanded with
1607 `substitute-command-keys' before it is used.
1608 :key-sequence KEY-SEQUENCE
1609 KEY-SEQUENCE is a key-sequence for an equivalent
1610 keyboard binding.
1611 :key-sequence nil
1612 This means that the command normally has no
1613 keyboard equivalent.
1614 :help HELP HELP is the extra help string (not currently used).
1615 :button (TYPE . SELECTED)
1616 TYPE is :toggle or :radio.
1617 SELECTED is a form, to be evaluated, and its
1618 value says whether this button is currently selected.
1619
1620 Buttons are at the moment only simulated by prefixes in the menu.
1621 Eventually ordinary X-buttons may be supported.
1622
1623 (menu-item ITEM-NAME) defines unselectable item.
1624
1625 ** New event types
1626
1627 *** The new event type `mouse-wheel' is generated by a wheel on a
1628 mouse (such as the MS Intellimouse). The event contains a delta that
1629 corresponds to the amount and direction that the wheel is rotated,
1630 which is typically used to implement a scroll or zoom. The format is:
1631
1632 (mouse-wheel POSITION DELTA)
1633
1634 where POSITION is a list describing the position of the event in the
1635 same format as a mouse-click event, and DELTA is a signed number
1636 indicating the number of increments by which the wheel was rotated. A
1637 negative DELTA indicates that the wheel was rotated backwards, towards
1638 the user, and a positive DELTA indicates that the wheel was rotated
1639 forward, away from the user.
1640
1641 As of now, this event type is generated only on MS Windows.
1642
1643 *** The new event type `drag-n-drop' is generated when a group of
1644 files is selected in an application outside of Emacs, and then dragged
1645 and dropped onto an Emacs frame. The event contains a list of
1646 filenames that were dragged and dropped, which are then typically
1647 loaded into Emacs. The format is:
1648
1649 (drag-n-drop POSITION FILES)
1650
1651 where POSITION is a list describing the position of the event in the
1652 same format as a mouse-click event, and FILES is the list of filenames
1653 that were dragged and dropped.
1654
1655 As of now, this event type is generated only on MS Windows.
1656
1657 ** Changes relating to multibyte characters.
1658
1659 *** The variable enable-multibyte-characters is now read-only;
1660 any attempt to set it directly signals an error. The only way
1661 to change this value in an existing buffer is with set-buffer-multibyte.
1662
1663 *** In a string constant, `\ ' now stands for "nothing at all". You
1664 can use it to terminate a hex escape which is followed by a character
1665 that could otherwise be read as part of the hex escape.
1666
1667 *** String indices are now measured in characters, as they were
1668 in Emacs 19 and before.
1669
1670 The function chars-in-string has been deleted.
1671 The function concat-chars has been renamed to `string'.
1672
1673 *** The function set-buffer-multibyte sets the flag in the current
1674 buffer that says whether the buffer uses multibyte representation or
1675 unibyte representation. If the argument is nil, it selects unibyte
1676 representation. Otherwise it selects multibyte representation.
1677
1678 This function does not change the contents of the buffer, viewed
1679 as a sequence of bytes. However, it does change the contents
1680 viewed as characters; a sequence of two bytes which is treated as
1681 one character when the buffer uses multibyte representation
1682 will count as two characters using unibyte representation.
1683
1684 This function sets enable-multibyte-characters to record which
1685 representation is in use. It also adjusts various data in the buffer
1686 (including its markers, overlays and text properties) so that they are
1687 consistent with the new representation.
1688
1689 *** string-make-multibyte takes a string and converts it to multibyte
1690 representation. Most of the time, you don't need to care
1691 about the representation, because Emacs converts when necessary;
1692 however, it makes a difference when you compare strings.
1693
1694 The conversion of non-ASCII characters works by adding the value of
1695 nonascii-insert-offset to each character, or by translating them
1696 using the table nonascii-translation-table.
1697
1698 *** string-make-unibyte takes a string and converts it to unibyte
1699 representation. Most of the time, you don't need to care about the
1700 representation, but it makes a difference when you compare strings.
1701
1702 The conversion from multibyte to unibyte representation
1703 loses information; the only time Emacs performs it automatically
1704 is when inserting a multibyte string into a unibyte buffer.
1705
1706 *** string-as-multibyte takes a string, and returns another string
1707 which contains the same bytes, but treats them as multibyte.
1708
1709 *** string-as-unibyte takes a string, and returns another string
1710 which contains the same bytes, but treats them as unibyte.
1711
1712 *** The new function compare-strings lets you compare
1713 portions of two strings. Unibyte strings are converted to multibyte,
1714 so that a unibyte string can match a multibyte string.
1715 You can specify whether to ignore case or not.
1716
1717 *** assoc-ignore-case now uses compare-strings so that
1718 it can treat unibyte and multibyte strings as equal.
1719
1720 *** Regular expression operations and buffer string searches now
1721 convert the search pattern to multibyte or unibyte to accord with the
1722 buffer or string being searched.
1723
1724 One consequence is that you cannot always use \200-\377 inside of
1725 [...] to match all non-ASCII characters. This does still work when
1726 searching or matching a unibyte buffer or string, but not when
1727 searching or matching a multibyte string. Unfortunately, there is no
1728 obvious choice of syntax to use within [...] for that job. But, what
1729 you want is just to match all non-ASCII characters, the regular
1730 expression [^\0-\177] works for it.
1731
1732 *** Structure of coding system changed.
1733
1734 All coding systems (including aliases and subsidiaries) are named
1735 by symbols; the symbol's `coding-system' property is a vector
1736 which defines the coding system. Aliases share the same vector
1737 as the principal name, so that altering the contents of this
1738 vector affects the principal name and its aliases. You can define
1739 your own alias name of a coding system by the function
1740 define-coding-system-alias.
1741
1742 The coding system definition includes a property list of its own. Use
1743 the new functions `coding-system-get' and `coding-system-put' to
1744 access such coding system properties as post-read-conversion,
1745 pre-write-conversion, character-translation-table-for-decode,
1746 character-translation-table-for-encode, mime-charset, and
1747 safe-charsets. For instance, (coding-system-get 'iso-latin-1
1748 'mime-charset) gives the corresponding MIME-charset parameter
1749 `iso-8859-1'.
1750
1751 Among the coding system properties listed above, safe-charsets is new.
1752 The value of this property is a list of character sets which this
1753 coding system can correctly encode and decode. For instance:
1754 (coding-system-get 'iso-latin-1 'safe-charsets) => (ascii latin-iso8859-1)
1755
1756 Here, "correctly encode" means that the encoded character sets can
1757 also be handled safely by systems other than Emacs as far as they
1758 are capable of that coding system. Though, Emacs itself can encode
1759 the other character sets and read it back correctly.
1760
1761 *** The new function select-safe-coding-system can be used to find a
1762 proper coding system for encoding the specified region or string.
1763 This function requires a user interaction.
1764
1765 *** The new functions find-coding-systems-region and
1766 find-coding-systems-string are helper functions used by
1767 select-safe-coding-system. They return a list of all proper coding
1768 systems to encode a text in some region or string. If you don't want
1769 a user interaction, use one of these functions instead of
1770 select-safe-coding-system.
1771
1772 *** The explicit encoding and decoding functions, such as
1773 decode-coding-region and encode-coding-string, now set
1774 last-coding-system-used to reflect the actual way encoding or decoding
1775 was done.
1776
1777 *** The new function detect-coding-with-language-environment can be
1778 used to detect a coding system of text according to priorities of
1779 coding systems used by some specific language environment.
1780
1781 *** The functions detect-coding-region and detect-coding-string always
1782 return a list if the arg HIGHEST is nil. Thus, if only ASCII
1783 characters are found, they now return a list of single element
1784 `undecided' or its subsidiaries.
1785
1786 *** The new functions coding-system-change-eol-conversion and
1787 coding-system-change-text-conversion can be used to get a different
1788 coding system than what specified only in how end-of-line or text is
1789 converted.
1790
1791 *** The new function set-selection-coding-system can be used to set a
1792 coding system for communicating with other X clients.
1793
1794 *** The function `map-char-table' now passes as argument only valid
1795 character codes, plus generic characters that stand for entire
1796 character sets or entire subrows of a character set. In other words,
1797 each time `map-char-table' calls its FUNCTION argument, the key value
1798 either will be a valid individual character code, or will stand for a
1799 range of characters.
1800
1801 *** The new function `char-valid-p' can be used for checking whether a
1802 Lisp object is a valid character code or not.
1803
1804 *** The new function `charset-after' returns a charset of a character
1805 in the current buffer at position POS.
1806
1807 *** Input methods are now implemented using the variable
1808 input-method-function. If this is non-nil, its value should be a
1809 function; then, whenever Emacs reads an input event that is a printing
1810 character with no modifier bits, it calls that function, passing the
1811 event as an argument. Often this function will read more input, first
1812 binding input-method-function to nil.
1813
1814 The return value should be a list of the events resulting from input
1815 method processing. These events will be processed sequentially as
1816 input, before resorting to unread-command-events. Events returned by
1817 the input method function are not passed to the input method function,
1818 not even if they are printing characters with no modifier bits.
1819
1820 The input method function is not called when reading the second and
1821 subsequent events of a key sequence.
1822
1823 *** You can customize any language environment by using
1824 set-language-environment-hook and exit-language-environment-hook.
1825
1826 The hook `exit-language-environment-hook' should be used to undo
1827 customizations that you made with set-language-environment-hook. For
1828 instance, if you set up a special key binding for a specific language
1829 environment by set-language-environment-hook, you should set up
1830 exit-language-environment-hook to restore the normal key binding.
1831
1832 * Changes in Emacs 20.1
1833
1834 ** Emacs has a new facility for customization of its many user
1835 options. It is called M-x customize. With this facility you can look
1836 at the many user options in an organized way; they are grouped into a
1837 tree structure.
1838
1839 M-x customize also knows what sorts of values are legitimate for each
1840 user option and ensures that you don't use invalid values.
1841
1842 With M-x customize, you can set options either for the present Emacs
1843 session or permanently. (Permanent settings are stored automatically
1844 in your .emacs file.)
1845
1846 ** Scroll bars are now on the left side of the window.
1847 You can change this with M-x customize-option scroll-bar-mode.
1848
1849 ** The mode line no longer includes the string `Emacs'.
1850 This makes more space in the mode line for other information.
1851
1852 ** When you select a region with the mouse, it is highlighted
1853 immediately afterward. At that time, if you type the DELETE key, it
1854 kills the region.
1855
1856 The BACKSPACE key, and the ASCII character DEL, do not do this; they
1857 delete the character before point, as usual.
1858
1859 ** In an incremental search the whole current match is highlighted
1860 on terminals which support this. (You can disable this feature
1861 by setting search-highlight to nil.)
1862
1863 ** In the minibuffer, in some cases, you can now use M-n to
1864 insert the default value into the minibuffer as text. In effect,
1865 the default value (if the minibuffer routines know it) is tacked
1866 onto the history "in the future". (The more normal use of the
1867 history list is to use M-p to insert minibuffer input used in the
1868 past.)
1869
1870 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs.
1871 This makes it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode
1872 in Text mode, and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode).
1873 TAB in Text mode now runs the command indent-relative; this
1874 makes a practical difference only when you use indented paragraphs.
1875
1876 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode,
1877 and is an alias for it.
1878
1879 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph,
1880 use the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode.
1881
1882 ** Scrolling changes
1883
1884 *** Scroll commands to scroll a whole screen now preserve the screen
1885 position of the cursor, if scroll-preserve-screen-position is non-nil.
1886
1887 In this mode, if you scroll several screens back and forth, finishing
1888 on the same screen where you started, the cursor goes back to the line
1889 where it started.
1890
1891 *** If you set scroll-conservatively to a small number, then when you
1892 move point a short distance off the screen, Emacs will scroll the
1893 screen just far enough to bring point back on screen, provided that
1894 does not exceed `scroll-conservatively' lines.
1895
1896 *** The new variable scroll-margin says how close point can come to the
1897 top or bottom of a window. It is a number of screen lines; if point
1898 comes within that many lines of the top or bottom of the window, Emacs
1899 recenters the window.
1900
1901 ** International character set support (MULE)
1902
1903 Emacs now supports a wide variety of international character sets,
1904 including European variants of the Latin alphabet, as well as Chinese,
1905 Devanagari (Hindi and Marathi), Ethiopian, Greek, IPA, Japanese,
1906 Korean, Lao, Russian, Thai, Tibetan, and Vietnamese scripts. These
1907 features have been merged from the modified version of Emacs known as
1908 MULE (for "MULti-lingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs")
1909
1910 Users of these scripts have established many more-or-less standard
1911 coding systems for storing files. Emacs uses a single multibyte
1912 character encoding within Emacs buffers; it can translate from a wide
1913 variety of coding systems when reading a file and can translate back
1914 into any of these coding systems when saving a file.
1915
1916 Keyboards, even in the countries where these character sets are used,
1917 generally don't have keys for all the characters in them. So Emacs
1918 supports various "input methods", typically one for each script or
1919 language, to make it possible to type them.
1920
1921 The Emacs internal multibyte encoding represents a non-ASCII
1922 character as a sequence of bytes in the range 0200 through 0377.
1923
1924 The new prefix key C-x RET is used for commands that pertain
1925 to multibyte characters, coding systems, and input methods.
1926
1927 You can disable multibyte character support as follows:
1928
1929 (setq-default enable-multibyte-characters nil)
1930
1931 Calling the function standard-display-european turns off multibyte
1932 characters, unless you specify a non-nil value for the second
1933 argument, AUTO. This provides compatibility for people who are
1934 already using standard-display-european to continue using unibyte
1935 characters for their work until they want to change.
1936
1937 *** Input methods
1938
1939 An input method is a kind of character conversion which is designed
1940 specifically for interactive input. In Emacs, typically each language
1941 has its own input method (though sometimes several languages which use
1942 the same characters can share one input method). Some languages
1943 support several input methods.
1944
1945 The simplest kind of input method works by mapping ASCII letters into
1946 another alphabet. This is how the Greek and Russian input methods
1947 work.
1948
1949 A more powerful technique is composition: converting sequences of
1950 characters into one letter. Many European input methods use
1951 composition to produce a single non-ASCII letter from a sequence which
1952 consists of a letter followed by diacritics. For example, a' is one
1953 sequence of two characters that might be converted into a single
1954 letter.
1955
1956 The input methods for syllabic scripts typically use mapping followed
1957 by conversion. The input methods for Thai and Korean work this way.
1958 First, letters are mapped into symbols for particular sounds or tone
1959 marks; then, sequences of these which make up a whole syllable are
1960 mapped into one syllable sign--most often a "composite character".
1961
1962 None of these methods works very well for Chinese and Japanese, so
1963 they are handled specially. First you input a whole word using
1964 phonetic spelling; then, after the word is in the buffer, Emacs
1965 converts it into one or more characters using a large dictionary.
1966
1967 Since there is more than one way to represent a phonetically spelled
1968 word using Chinese characters, Emacs can only guess which one to use;
1969 typically these input methods give you a way to say "guess again" if
1970 the first guess is wrong.
1971
1972 *** The command C-x RET m (toggle-enable-multibyte-characters)
1973 turns multibyte character support on or off for the current buffer.
1974
1975 If multibyte character support is turned off in a buffer, then each
1976 byte is a single character, even codes 0200 through 0377--exactly as
1977 they did in Emacs 19.34. This includes the features for support for
1978 the European characters, ISO Latin-1 and ISO Latin-2.
1979
1980 However, there is no need to turn off multibyte character support to
1981 use ISO Latin-1 or ISO Latin-2; the Emacs multibyte character set
1982 includes all the characters in these character sets, and Emacs can
1983 translate automatically to and from either one.
1984
1985 *** Visiting a file in unibyte mode.
1986
1987 Turning off multibyte character support in the buffer after visiting a
1988 file with multibyte code conversion will display the multibyte
1989 sequences already in the buffer, byte by byte. This is probably not
1990 what you want.
1991
1992 If you want to edit a file of unibyte characters (Latin-1, for
1993 example), you can do it by specifying `no-conversion' as the coding
1994 system when reading the file. This coding system also turns off
1995 multibyte characters in that buffer.
1996
1997 If you turn off multibyte character support entirely, this turns off
1998 character conversion as well.
1999
2000 *** Displaying international characters on X Windows.
2001
2002 A font for X typically displays just one alphabet or script.
2003 Therefore, displaying the entire range of characters Emacs supports
2004 requires using many fonts.
2005
2006 Therefore, Emacs now supports "fontsets". Each fontset is a
2007 collection of fonts, each assigned to a range of character codes.
2008
2009 A fontset has a name, like a font. Individual fonts are defined by
2010 the X server; fontsets are defined within Emacs itself. But once you
2011 have defined a fontset, you can use it in a face or a frame just as
2012 you would use a font.
2013
2014 If a fontset specifies no font for a certain character, or if it
2015 specifies a font that does not exist on your system, then it cannot
2016 display that character. It will display an empty box instead.
2017
2018 The fontset height and width are determined by the ASCII characters
2019 (that is, by the font in the fontset which is used for ASCII
2020 characters). If another font in the fontset has a different height,
2021 or the wrong width, then characters assigned to that font are clipped,
2022 and displayed within a box if highlight-wrong-size-font is non-nil.
2023
2024 *** Defining fontsets.
2025
2026 Emacs does not use any fontset by default. Its default font is still
2027 chosen as in previous versions. You can tell Emacs to use a fontset
2028 with the `-fn' option or the `Font' X resource.
2029
2030 Emacs creates a standard fontset automatically according to the value
2031 of standard-fontset-spec. This fontset's short name is
2032 `fontset-standard'. Bold, italic, and bold-italic variants of the
2033 standard fontset are created automatically.
2034
2035 If you specify a default ASCII font with the `Font' resource or `-fn'
2036 argument, a fontset is generated from it. This works by replacing the
2037 FOUNDARY, FAMILY, ADD_STYLE, and AVERAGE_WIDTH fields of the font name
2038 with `*' then using this to specify a fontset. This fontset's short
2039 name is `fontset-startup'.
2040
2041 Emacs checks resources of the form Fontset-N where N is 0, 1, 2...
2042 The resource value should have this form:
2043 FONTSET-NAME, [CHARSET-NAME:FONT-NAME]...
2044 FONTSET-NAME should have the form of a standard X font name, except:
2045 * most fields should be just the wild card "*".
2046 * the CHARSET_REGISTRY field should be "fontset"
2047 * the CHARSET_ENCODING field can be any nickname of the fontset.
2048 The construct CHARSET-NAME:FONT-NAME can be repeated any number
2049 of times; each time specifies the font for one character set.
2050 CHARSET-NAME should be the name name of a character set, and
2051 FONT-NAME should specify an actual font to use for that character set.
2052
2053 Each of these fontsets has an alias which is made from the
2054 last two font name fields, CHARSET_REGISTRY and CHARSET_ENCODING.
2055 You can refer to the fontset by that alias or by its full name.
2056
2057 For any character sets that you don't mention, Emacs tries to choose a
2058 font by substituting into FONTSET-NAME. For instance, with the
2059 following resource,
2060 Emacs*Fontset-0: -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24
2061 the font for ASCII is generated as below:
2062 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-ISO8859-1
2063 Here is the substitution rule:
2064 Change CHARSET_REGISTRY and CHARSET_ENCODING to that of the charset
2065 defined in the variable x-charset-registries. For instance, ASCII has
2066 the entry (ascii . "ISO8859-1") in this variable. Then, reduce
2067 sequences of wild cards -*-...-*- with a single wildcard -*-.
2068 (This is to prevent use of auto-scaled fonts.)
2069
2070 The function which processes the fontset resource value to create the
2071 fontset is called create-fontset-from-fontset-spec. You can also call
2072 that function explicitly to create a fontset.
2073
2074 With the X resource Emacs.Font, you can specify a fontset name just
2075 like an actual font name. But be careful not to specify a fontset
2076 name in a wildcard resource like Emacs*Font--that tries to specify the
2077 fontset for other purposes including menus, and they cannot handle
2078 fontsets.
2079
2080 *** The command M-x set-language-environment sets certain global Emacs
2081 defaults for a particular choice of language.
2082
2083 Selecting a language environment typically specifies a default input
2084 method and which coding systems to recognize automatically when
2085 visiting files. However, it does not try to reread files you have
2086 already visited; the text in those buffers is not affected. The
2087 language environment may also specify a default choice of coding
2088 system for new files that you create.
2089
2090 It makes no difference which buffer is current when you use
2091 set-language-environment, because these defaults apply globally to the
2092 whole Emacs session.
2093
2094 For example, M-x set-language-environment RET Latin-1 RET
2095 chooses the Latin-1 character set. In the .emacs file, you can do this
2096 with (set-language-environment "Latin-1").
2097
2098 *** The command C-x RET f (set-buffer-file-coding-system)
2099 specifies the file coding system for the current buffer. This
2100 specifies what sort of character code translation to do when saving
2101 the file. As an argument, you must specify the name of one of the
2102 coding systems that Emacs supports.
2103
2104 *** The command C-x RET c (universal-coding-system-argument)
2105 lets you specify a coding system when you read or write a file.
2106 This command uses the minibuffer to read a coding system name.
2107 After you exit the minibuffer, the specified coding system
2108 is used for *the immediately following command*.
2109
2110 So if the immediately following command is a command to read or
2111 write a file, it uses the specified coding system for that file.
2112
2113 If the immediately following command does not use the coding system,
2114 then C-x RET c ultimately has no effect.
2115
2116 For example, C-x RET c iso-8859-1 RET C-x C-f temp RET
2117 visits the file `temp' treating it as ISO Latin-1.
2118
2119 *** You can specify the coding system for a file using the -*-
2120 construct. Include `coding: CODINGSYSTEM;' inside the -*-...-*-
2121 to specify use of coding system CODINGSYSTEM. You can also
2122 specify the coding system in a local variable list at the end
2123 of the file.
2124
2125 *** The command C-x RET t (set-terminal-coding-system) specifies
2126 the coding system for terminal output. If you specify a character
2127 code for terminal output, all characters output to the terminal are
2128 translated into that character code.
2129
2130 This feature is useful for certain character-only terminals built in
2131 various countries to support the languages of those countries.
2132
2133 By default, output to the terminal is not translated at all.
2134
2135 *** The command C-x RET k (set-keyboard-coding-system) specifies
2136 the coding system for keyboard input.
2137
2138 Character code translation of keyboard input is useful for terminals
2139 with keys that send non-ASCII graphic characters--for example,
2140 some terminals designed for ISO Latin-1 or subsets of it.
2141
2142 By default, keyboard input is not translated at all.
2143
2144 Character code translation of keyboard input is similar to using an
2145 input method, in that both define sequences of keyboard input that
2146 translate into single characters. However, input methods are designed
2147 to be convenient for interactive use, while the code translations are
2148 designed to work with terminals.
2149
2150 *** The command C-x RET p (set-buffer-process-coding-system)
2151 specifies the coding system for input and output to a subprocess.
2152 This command applies to the current buffer; normally, each subprocess
2153 has its own buffer, and thus you can use this command to specify
2154 translation to and from a particular subprocess by giving the command
2155 in the corresponding buffer.
2156
2157 By default, process input and output are not translated at all.
2158
2159 *** The variable file-name-coding-system specifies the coding system
2160 to use for encoding file names before operating on them.
2161 It is also used for decoding file names obtained from the system.
2162
2163 *** The command C-\ (toggle-input-method) activates or deactivates
2164 an input method. If no input method has been selected before, the
2165 command prompts for you to specify the language and input method you
2166 want to use.
2167
2168 C-u C-\ (select-input-method) lets you switch to a different input
2169 method. C-h C-\ (or C-h I) describes the current input method.
2170
2171 *** Some input methods remap the keyboard to emulate various keyboard
2172 layouts commonly used for particular scripts. How to do this
2173 remapping properly depends on your actual keyboard layout. To specify
2174 which layout your keyboard has, use M-x quail-set-keyboard-layout.
2175
2176 *** The command C-h C (describe-coding-system) displays
2177 the coding systems currently selected for various purposes, plus
2178 related information.
2179
2180 *** The command C-h h (view-hello-file) displays a file called
2181 HELLO, which has examples of text in many languages, using various
2182 scripts.
2183
2184 *** The command C-h L (describe-language-support) displays
2185 information about the support for a particular language.
2186 You specify the language as an argument.
2187
2188 *** The mode line now contains a letter or character that identifies
2189 the coding system used in the visited file. It normally follows the
2190 first dash.
2191
2192 A dash indicates the default state of affairs: no code conversion
2193 (except CRLF => newline if appropriate). `=' means no conversion
2194 whatsoever. The ISO 8859 coding systems are represented by digits
2195 1 through 9. Other coding systems are represented by letters:
2196
2197 A alternativnyj (Russian)
2198 B big5 (Chinese)
2199 C cn-gb-2312 (Chinese)
2200 C iso-2022-cn (Chinese)
2201 D in-is13194-devanagari (Indian languages)
2202 E euc-japan (Japanese)
2203 I iso-2022-cjk or iso-2022-ss2 (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)
2204 J junet (iso-2022-7) or old-jis (iso-2022-jp-1978-irv) (Japanese)
2205 K euc-korea (Korean)
2206 R koi8 (Russian)
2207 Q tibetan
2208 S shift_jis (Japanese)
2209 T lao
2210 T tis620 (Thai)
2211 V viscii or vscii (Vietnamese)
2212 i iso-2022-lock (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)
2213 k iso-2022-kr (Korean)
2214 v viqr (Vietnamese)
2215 z hz (Chinese)
2216
2217 When you are using a character-only terminal (not a window system),
2218 two additional characters appear in between the dash and the file
2219 coding system. These two characters describe the coding system for
2220 keyboard input, and the coding system for terminal output.
2221
2222 *** The new variable rmail-file-coding-system specifies the code
2223 conversion to use for RMAIL files. The default value is nil.
2224
2225 When you read mail with Rmail, each message is decoded automatically
2226 into Emacs' internal format. This has nothing to do with
2227 rmail-file-coding-system. That variable controls reading and writing
2228 Rmail files themselves.
2229
2230 *** The new variable sendmail-coding-system specifies the code
2231 conversion for outgoing mail. The default value is nil.
2232
2233 Actually, there are three different ways of specifying the coding system
2234 for sending mail:
2235
2236 - If you use C-x RET f in the mail buffer, that takes priority.
2237 - Otherwise, if you set sendmail-coding-system non-nil, that specifies it.
2238 - Otherwise, the default coding system for new files is used,
2239 if that is non-nil. That comes from your language environment.
2240 - Otherwise, Latin-1 is used.
2241
2242 *** The command C-h t (help-with-tutorial) accepts a prefix argument
2243 to specify the language for the tutorial file. Currently, English,
2244 Japanese, Korean and Thai are supported. We welcome additional
2245 translations.
2246
2247 ** An easy new way to visit a file with no code or format conversion
2248 of any kind: Use M-x find-file-literally. There is also a command
2249 insert-file-literally which inserts a file into the current buffer
2250 without any conversion.
2251
2252 ** C-q's handling of octal character codes is changed.
2253 You can now specify any number of octal digits.
2254 RET terminates the digits and is discarded;
2255 any other non-digit terminates the digits and is then used as input.
2256
2257 ** There are new commands for looking up Info documentation for
2258 functions, variables and file names used in your programs.
2259
2260 Type M-x info-lookup-symbol to look up a symbol in the buffer at point.
2261 Type M-x info-lookup-file to look up a file in the buffer at point.
2262
2263 Precisely which Info files are used to look it up depends on the major
2264 mode. For example, in C mode, the GNU libc manual is used.
2265
2266 ** M-TAB in most programming language modes now runs the command
2267 complete-symbol. This command performs completion on the symbol name
2268 in the buffer before point.
2269
2270 With a numeric argument, it performs completion based on the set of
2271 symbols documented in the Info files for the programming language that
2272 you are using.
2273
2274 With no argument, it does completion based on the current tags tables,
2275 just like the old binding of M-TAB (complete-tag).
2276
2277 ** File locking works with NFS now.
2278
2279 The lock file for FILENAME is now a symbolic link named .#FILENAME,
2280 in the same directory as FILENAME.
2281
2282 This means that collision detection between two different machines now
2283 works reasonably well; it also means that no file server or directory
2284 can become a bottleneck.
2285
2286 The new method does have drawbacks. It means that collision detection
2287 does not operate when you edit a file in a directory where you cannot
2288 create new files. Collision detection also doesn't operate when the
2289 file server does not support symbolic links. But these conditions are
2290 rare, and the ability to have collision detection while using NFS is
2291 so useful that the change is worth while.
2292
2293 When Emacs or a system crashes, this may leave behind lock files which
2294 are stale. So you may occasionally get warnings about spurious
2295 collisions. When you determine that the collision is spurious, just
2296 tell Emacs to go ahead anyway.
2297
2298 ** If you wish to use Show Paren mode to display matching parentheses,
2299 it is no longer sufficient to load paren.el. Instead you must call
2300 show-paren-mode.
2301
2302 ** If you wish to use Delete Selection mode to replace a highlighted
2303 selection when you insert new text, it is no longer sufficient to load
2304 delsel.el. Instead you must call the function delete-selection-mode.
2305
2306 ** If you wish to use Partial Completion mode to complete partial words
2307 within symbols or filenames, it is no longer sufficient to load
2308 complete.el. Instead you must call the function partial-completion-mode.
2309
2310 ** If you wish to use uniquify to rename buffers for you,
2311 it is no longer sufficient to load uniquify.el. You must also
2312 set uniquify-buffer-name-style to one of the non-nil legitimate values.
2313
2314 ** Changes in View mode.
2315
2316 *** Several new commands are available in View mode.
2317 Do H in view mode for a list of commands.
2318
2319 *** There are two new commands for entering View mode:
2320 view-file-other-frame and view-buffer-other-frame.
2321
2322 *** Exiting View mode does a better job of restoring windows to their
2323 previous state.
2324
2325 *** New customization variable view-scroll-auto-exit. If non-nil,
2326 scrolling past end of buffer makes view mode exit.
2327
2328 *** New customization variable view-exits-all-viewing-windows. If
2329 non-nil, view-mode will at exit restore all windows viewing buffer,
2330 not just the selected window.
2331
2332 *** New customization variable view-read-only. If non-nil, visiting a
2333 read-only file automatically enters View mode, and toggle-read-only
2334 turns View mode on or off.
2335
2336 *** New customization variable view-remove-frame-by-deleting controls
2337 how to remove a not needed frame at view mode exit. If non-nil,
2338 delete the frame, if nil make an icon of it.
2339
2340 ** C-x v l, the command to print a file's version control log,
2341 now positions point at the entry for the file's current branch version.
2342
2343 ** C-x v =, the command to compare a file with the last checked-in version,
2344 has a new feature. If the file is currently not locked, so that it is
2345 presumably identical to the last checked-in version, the command now asks
2346 which version to compare with.
2347
2348 ** When using hideshow.el, incremental search can temporarily show hidden
2349 blocks if a match is inside the block.
2350
2351 The block is hidden again if the search is continued and the next match
2352 is outside the block. By customizing the variable
2353 isearch-hide-immediately you can choose to hide all the temporarily
2354 shown blocks only when exiting from incremental search.
2355
2356 By customizing the variable hs-isearch-open you can choose what kind
2357 of blocks to temporarily show during isearch: comment blocks, code
2358 blocks, all of them or none.
2359
2360 ** The new command C-x 4 0 (kill-buffer-and-window) kills the
2361 current buffer and deletes the selected window. It asks for
2362 confirmation first.
2363
2364 ** C-x C-w, which saves the buffer into a specified file name,
2365 now changes the major mode according to that file name.
2366 However, the mode will not be changed if
2367 (1) a local variables list or the `-*-' line specifies a major mode, or
2368 (2) the current major mode is a "special" mode,
2369 not suitable for ordinary files, or
2370 (3) the new file name does not particularly specify any mode.
2371
2372 This applies to M-x set-visited-file-name as well.
2373
2374 However, if you set change-major-mode-with-file-name to nil, then
2375 these commands do not change the major mode.
2376
2377 ** M-x occur changes.
2378
2379 *** If the argument to M-x occur contains upper case letters,
2380 it performs a case-sensitive search.
2381
2382 *** In the *Occur* buffer made by M-x occur,
2383 if you type g or M-x revert-buffer, this repeats the search
2384 using the same regular expression and the same buffer as before.
2385
2386 ** In Transient Mark mode, the region in any one buffer is highlighted
2387 in just one window at a time. At first, it is highlighted in the
2388 window where you set the mark. The buffer's highlighting remains in
2389 that window unless you select to another window which shows the same
2390 buffer--then the highlighting moves to that window.
2391
2392 ** The feature to suggest key bindings when you use M-x now operates
2393 after the command finishes. The message suggesting key bindings
2394 appears temporarily in the echo area. The previous echo area contents
2395 come back after a few seconds, in case they contain useful information.
2396
2397 ** Each frame now independently records the order for recently
2398 selected buffers, so that the default for C-x b is now based on the
2399 buffers recently selected in the selected frame.
2400
2401 ** Outline mode changes.
2402
2403 *** Outline mode now uses overlays (this is the former noutline.el).
2404
2405 *** Incremental searches skip over invisible text in Outline mode.
2406
2407 ** When a minibuffer window is active but not the selected window, if
2408 you try to use the minibuffer, you used to get a nested minibuffer.
2409 Now, this not only gives an error, it also cancels the minibuffer that
2410 was already active.
2411
2412 The motive for this change is so that beginning users do not
2413 unknowingly move away from minibuffers, leaving them active, and then
2414 get confused by it.
2415
2416 If you want to be able to have recursive minibuffers, you must
2417 set enable-recursive-minibuffers to non-nil.
2418
2419 ** Changes in dynamic abbrevs.
2420
2421 *** Expanding dynamic abbrevs with M-/ is now smarter about case
2422 conversion. If the expansion has mixed case not counting the first
2423 character, and the abbreviation matches the beginning of the expansion
2424 including case, then the expansion is copied verbatim.
2425
2426 The expansion is also copied verbatim if the abbreviation itself has
2427 mixed case. And using SPC M-/ to copy an additional word always
2428 copies it verbatim except when the previous copied word is all caps.
2429
2430 *** The values of `dabbrev-case-replace' and `dabbrev-case-fold-search'
2431 are no longer Lisp expressions. They have simply three possible
2432 values.
2433
2434 `dabbrev-case-replace' has these three values: nil (don't preserve
2435 case), t (do), or `case-replace' (do like M-x query-replace).
2436 `dabbrev-case-fold-search' has these three values: nil (don't ignore
2437 case), t (do), or `case-fold-search' (do like search).
2438
2439 ** Minibuffer history lists are truncated automatically now to a
2440 certain length. The variable history-length specifies how long they
2441 can be. The default value is 30.
2442
2443 ** Changes in Mail mode.
2444
2445 *** The key C-x m no longer runs the `mail' command directly.
2446 Instead, it runs the command `compose-mail', which invokes the mail
2447 composition mechanism you have selected with the variable
2448 `mail-user-agent'. The default choice of user agent is
2449 `sendmail-user-agent', which gives behavior compatible with the old
2450 behavior.
2451
2452 C-x 4 m now runs compose-mail-other-window, and C-x 5 m runs
2453 compose-mail-other-frame.
2454
2455 *** While composing a reply to a mail message, from Rmail, you can use
2456 the command C-c C-r to cite just the region from the message you are
2457 replying to. This copies the text which is the selected region in the
2458 buffer that shows the original message.
2459
2460 *** The command C-c C-i inserts a file at the end of the message,
2461 with separator lines around the contents.
2462
2463 *** The command M-x expand-mail-aliases expands all mail aliases
2464 in suitable mail headers. Emacs automatically extracts mail alias
2465 definitions from your mail alias file (e.g., ~/.mailrc). You do not
2466 need to expand mail aliases yourself before sending mail.
2467
2468 *** New features in the mail-complete command.
2469
2470 **** The mail-complete command now inserts the user's full name,
2471 for local users or if that is known. The variable mail-complete-style
2472 controls the style to use, and whether to do this at all.
2473 Its values are like those of mail-from-style.
2474
2475 **** The variable mail-passwd-command lets you specify a shell command
2476 to run to fetch a set of password-entries that add to the ones in
2477 /etc/passwd.
2478
2479 **** The variable mail-passwd-file now specifies a list of files to read
2480 to get the list of user ids. By default, one file is used:
2481 /etc/passwd.
2482
2483 ** You can "quote" a file name to inhibit special significance of
2484 special syntax, by adding `/:' to the beginning. Thus, if you have a
2485 directory named `/foo:', you can prevent it from being treated as a
2486 reference to a remote host named `foo' by writing it as `/:/foo:'.
2487
2488 Emacs uses this new construct automatically when necessary, such as
2489 when you start it with a working directory whose name might otherwise
2490 be taken to be magic.
2491
2492 ** There is a new command M-x grep-find which uses find to select
2493 files to search through, and grep to scan them. The output is
2494 available in a Compile mode buffer, as with M-x grep.
2495
2496 M-x grep now uses the -e option if the grep program supports that.
2497 (-e prevents problems if the search pattern starts with a dash.)
2498
2499 ** In Dired, the & command now flags for deletion the files whose names
2500 suggest they are probably not needed in the long run.
2501
2502 In Dired, * is now a prefix key for mark-related commands.
2503
2504 new key dired.el binding old key
2505 ------- ---------------- -------
2506 * c dired-change-marks c
2507 * m dired-mark m
2508 * * dired-mark-executables * (binding deleted)
2509 * / dired-mark-directories / (binding deleted)
2510 * @ dired-mark-symlinks @ (binding deleted)
2511 * u dired-unmark u
2512 * DEL dired-unmark-backward DEL
2513 * ? dired-unmark-all-files M-C-?
2514 * ! dired-unmark-all-marks
2515 * % dired-mark-files-regexp % m
2516 * C-n dired-next-marked-file M-}
2517 * C-p dired-prev-marked-file M-{
2518
2519 ** Rmail changes.
2520
2521 *** When Rmail cannot convert your incoming mail into Babyl format, it
2522 saves the new mail in the file RMAILOSE.n, where n is an integer
2523 chosen to make a unique name. This way, Rmail will not keep crashing
2524 each time you run it.
2525
2526 *** In Rmail, the variable rmail-summary-line-count-flag now controls
2527 whether to include the line count in the summary. Non-nil means yes.
2528
2529 *** In Rmail summary buffers, d and C-d (the commands to delete
2530 messages) now take repeat counts as arguments. A negative argument
2531 means to move in the opposite direction.
2532
2533 *** In Rmail, the t command now takes an optional argument which lets
2534 you specify whether to show the message headers in full or pruned.
2535
2536 *** In Rmail, the new command w (rmail-output-body-to-file) writes
2537 just the body of the current message into a file, without the headers.
2538 It takes the file name from the message subject, by default, but you
2539 can edit that file name in the minibuffer before it is actually used
2540 for output.
2541
2542 ** Gnus changes.
2543
2544 *** nntp.el has been totally rewritten in an asynchronous fashion.
2545
2546 *** Article prefetching functionality has been moved up into
2547 Gnus.
2548
2549 *** Scoring can now be performed with logical operators like
2550 `and', `or', `not', and parent redirection.
2551
2552 *** Article washing status can be displayed in the
2553 article mode line.
2554
2555 *** gnus.el has been split into many smaller files.
2556
2557 *** Suppression of duplicate articles based on Message-ID.
2558
2559 (setq gnus-suppress-duplicates t)
2560
2561 *** New variables for specifying what score and adapt files
2562 are to be considered home score and adapt files. See
2563 `gnus-home-score-file' and `gnus-home-adapt-files'.
2564
2565 *** Groups can inherit group parameters from parent topics.
2566
2567 *** Article editing has been revamped and is now usable.
2568
2569 *** Signatures can be recognized in more intelligent fashions.
2570 See `gnus-signature-separator' and `gnus-signature-limit'.
2571
2572 *** Summary pick mode has been made to look more nn-like.
2573 Line numbers are displayed and the `.' command can be
2574 used to pick articles.
2575
2576 *** Commands for moving the .newsrc.eld from one server to
2577 another have been added.
2578
2579 `M-x gnus-change-server'
2580
2581 *** A way to specify that "uninteresting" fields be suppressed when
2582 generating lines in buffers.
2583
2584 *** Several commands in the group buffer can be undone with
2585 `M-C-_'.
2586
2587 *** Scoring can be done on words using the new score type `w'.
2588
2589 *** Adaptive scoring can be done on a Subject word-by-word basis:
2590
2591 (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring '(word))
2592
2593 *** Scores can be decayed.
2594
2595 (setq gnus-decay-scores t)
2596
2597 *** Scoring can be performed using a regexp on the Date header. The
2598 Date is normalized to compact ISO 8601 format first.
2599
2600 *** A new command has been added to remove all data on articles from
2601 the native server.
2602
2603 `M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups'
2604
2605 *** A new command for reading collections of documents
2606 (nndoc with nnvirtual on top) has been added -- `M-C-d'.
2607
2608 *** Process mark sets can be pushed and popped.
2609
2610 *** A new mail-to-news backend makes it possible to post
2611 even when the NNTP server doesn't allow posting.
2612
2613 *** A new backend for reading searches from Web search engines
2614 (DejaNews, Alta Vista, InReference) has been added.
2615
2616 Use the `G w' command in the group buffer to create such
2617 a group.
2618
2619 *** Groups inside topics can now be sorted using the standard
2620 sorting functions, and each topic can be sorted independently.
2621
2622 See the commands under the `T S' submap.
2623
2624 *** Subsets of the groups can be sorted independently.
2625
2626 See the commands under the `G P' submap.
2627
2628 *** Cached articles can be pulled into the groups.
2629
2630 Use the `Y c' command.
2631
2632 *** Score files are now applied in a more reliable order.
2633
2634 *** Reports on where mail messages end up can be generated.
2635
2636 `M-x nnmail-split-history'
2637
2638 *** More hooks and functions have been added to remove junk
2639 from incoming mail before saving the mail.
2640
2641 See `nnmail-prepare-incoming-header-hook'.
2642
2643 *** The nnml mail backend now understands compressed article files.
2644
2645 *** To enable Gnus to read/post multi-lingual articles, you must execute
2646 the following code, for instance, in your .emacs.
2647
2648 (add-hook 'gnus-startup-hook 'gnus-mule-initialize)
2649
2650 Then, when you start Gnus, it will decode non-ASCII text automatically
2651 and show appropriate characters. (Note: if you are using gnus-mime
2652 from the SEMI package, formerly known as TM, you should NOT add this
2653 hook to gnus-startup-hook; gnus-mime has its own method of handling
2654 this issue.)
2655
2656 Since it is impossible to distinguish all coding systems
2657 automatically, you may need to specify a choice of coding system for a
2658 particular news group. This can be done by:
2659
2660 (gnus-mule-add-group NEWSGROUP 'CODING-SYSTEM)
2661
2662 Here NEWSGROUP should be a string which names a newsgroup or a tree
2663 of newsgroups. If NEWSGROUP is "XXX.YYY", all news groups under
2664 "XXX.YYY" (including "XXX.YYY.ZZZ") will use the specified coding
2665 system. CODING-SYSTEM specifies which coding system to use (for both
2666 for reading and posting).
2667
2668 CODING-SYSTEM can also be a cons cell of the form
2669 (READ-CODING-SYSTEM . POST-CODING-SYSTEM)
2670 Then READ-CODING-SYSTEM is used when you read messages from the
2671 newsgroups, while POST-CODING-SYSTEM is used when you post messages
2672 there.
2673
2674 Emacs knows the right coding systems for certain newsgroups by
2675 default. Here are some of these default settings:
2676
2677 (gnus-mule-add-group "fj" 'iso-2022-7)
2678 (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.chinese.text" 'hz-gb-2312)
2679 (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.hk" 'hz-gb-2312)
2680 (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.chinese.text.big5" 'cn-big5)
2681 (gnus-mule-add-group "soc.culture.vietnamese" '(nil . viqr))
2682
2683 When you reply by mail to an article, these settings are ignored;
2684 the mail is encoded according to sendmail-coding-system, as usual.
2685
2686 ** CC mode changes.
2687
2688 *** If you edit primarily one style of C (or C++, Objective-C, Java)
2689 code, you may want to make the CC Mode style variables have global
2690 values so that you can set them directly in your .emacs file. To do
2691 this, set c-style-variables-are-local-p to nil in your .emacs file.
2692 Note that this only takes effect if you do it *before* cc-mode.el is
2693 loaded.
2694
2695 If you typically edit more than one style of C (or C++, Objective-C,
2696 Java) code in a single Emacs session, you may want to make the CC Mode
2697 style variables have buffer local values. By default, all buffers
2698 share the same style variable settings; to make them buffer local, set
2699 c-style-variables-are-local-p to t in your .emacs file. Note that you
2700 must do this *before* CC Mode is loaded.
2701
2702 *** The new variable c-indentation-style holds the C style name
2703 of the current buffer.
2704
2705 *** The variable c-block-comments-indent-p has been deleted, because
2706 it is no longer necessary. C mode now handles all the supported styles
2707 of block comments, with no need to say which one you will use.
2708
2709 *** There is a new indentation style "python", which specifies the C
2710 style that the Python developers like.
2711
2712 *** There is a new c-cleanup-list option: brace-elseif-brace.
2713 This says to put ...} else if (...) {... on one line,
2714 just as brace-else-brace says to put ...} else {... on one line.
2715
2716 ** VC Changes [new]
2717
2718 ** In vc-retrieve-snapshot (C-x v r), if you don't specify a snapshot
2719 name, it retrieves the *latest* versions of all files in the current
2720 directory and its subdirectories (aside from files already locked).
2721
2722 This feature is useful if your RCS directory is a link to a common
2723 master directory, and you want to pick up changes made by other
2724 developers.
2725
2726 You can do the same thing for an individual file by typing C-u C-x C-q
2727 RET in a buffer visiting that file.
2728
2729 *** VC can now handle files under CVS that are being "watched" by
2730 other developers. Such files are made read-only by CVS. To get a
2731 writable copy, type C-x C-q in a buffer visiting such a file. VC then
2732 calls "cvs edit", which notifies the other developers of it.
2733
2734 *** vc-version-diff (C-u C-x v =) now suggests reasonable defaults for
2735 version numbers, based on the current state of the file.
2736
2737 ** Calendar changes.
2738
2739 A new function, list-holidays, allows you list holidays or subclasses
2740 of holidays for ranges of years. Related menu items allow you do this
2741 for the year of the selected date, or the following/previous years.
2742
2743 ** ps-print changes
2744
2745 There are some new user variables for customizing the page layout.
2746
2747 *** Paper size, paper orientation, columns
2748
2749 The variable `ps-paper-type' determines the size of paper ps-print
2750 formats for; it should contain one of the symbols:
2751 `a4' `a3' `letter' `legal' `letter-small' `tabloid'
2752 `ledger' `statement' `executive' `a4small' `b4' `b5'
2753 It defaults to `letter'.
2754 If you need other sizes, see the variable `ps-page-dimensions-database'.
2755
2756 The variable `ps-landscape-mode' determines the orientation
2757 of the printing on the page. nil, the default, means "portrait" mode,
2758 non-nil means "landscape" mode.
2759
2760 The variable `ps-number-of-columns' must be a positive integer.
2761 It determines the number of columns both in landscape and portrait mode.
2762 It defaults to 1.
2763
2764 *** Horizontal layout
2765
2766 The horizontal layout is determined by the variables
2767 `ps-left-margin', `ps-inter-column', and `ps-right-margin'.
2768 All are measured in points.
2769
2770 *** Vertical layout
2771
2772 The vertical layout is determined by the variables
2773 `ps-bottom-margin', `ps-top-margin', and `ps-header-offset'.
2774 All are measured in points.
2775
2776 *** Headers
2777
2778 If the variable `ps-print-header' is nil, no header is printed. Then
2779 `ps-header-offset' is not relevant and `ps-top-margin' represents the
2780 margin above the text.
2781
2782 If the variable `ps-print-header-frame' is non-nil, a gaudy
2783 framing box is printed around the header.
2784
2785 The contents of the header are determined by `ps-header-lines',
2786 `ps-show-n-of-n', `ps-left-header' and `ps-right-header'.
2787
2788 The height of the header is determined by `ps-header-line-pad',
2789 `ps-header-font-family', `ps-header-title-font-size' and
2790 `ps-header-font-size'.
2791
2792 *** Font managing
2793
2794 The variable `ps-font-family' determines which font family is to be
2795 used for ordinary text. Its value must be a key symbol in the alist
2796 `ps-font-info-database'. You can add other font families by adding
2797 elements to this alist.
2798
2799 The variable `ps-font-size' determines the size of the font
2800 for ordinary text. It defaults to 8.5 points.
2801
2802 ** hideshow changes.
2803
2804 *** now supports hiding of blocks of single line comments (like // for
2805 C++, ; for lisp).
2806
2807 *** Support for java-mode added.
2808
2809 *** When doing `hs-hide-all' it is now possible to also hide the comments
2810 in the file if `hs-hide-comments-when-hiding-all' is set.
2811
2812 *** The new function `hs-hide-initial-comment' hides the the comments at
2813 the beginning of the files. Finally those huge RCS logs don't stay in your
2814 way! This is run by default when entering the `hs-minor-mode'.
2815
2816 *** Now uses overlays instead of `selective-display', so is more
2817 robust and a lot faster.
2818
2819 *** A block beginning can span multiple lines.
2820
2821 *** The new variable `hs-show-hidden-short-form' if t, directs hideshow
2822 to show only the beginning of a block when it is hidden. See the
2823 documentation for more details.
2824
2825 ** Changes in Enriched mode.
2826
2827 *** When you visit a file in enriched-mode, Emacs will make sure it is
2828 filled to the current fill-column. This behavior is now independent
2829 of the size of the window. When you save the file, the fill-column in
2830 use is stored as well, so that the whole buffer need not be refilled
2831 the next time unless the fill-column is different.
2832
2833 *** use-hard-newlines is now a minor mode. When it is enabled, Emacs
2834 distinguishes between hard and soft newlines, and treats hard newlines
2835 as paragraph boundaries. Otherwise all newlines inserted are marked
2836 as soft, and paragraph boundaries are determined solely from the text.
2837
2838 ** Font Lock mode
2839
2840 *** Custom support
2841
2842 The variables font-lock-face-attributes, font-lock-display-type and
2843 font-lock-background-mode are now obsolete; the recommended way to specify the
2844 faces to use for Font Lock mode is with M-x customize-group on the new custom
2845 group font-lock-highlighting-faces. If you set font-lock-face-attributes in
2846 your ~/.emacs file, Font Lock mode will respect its value. However, you should
2847 consider converting from setting that variable to using M-x customize.
2848
2849 You can still use X resources to specify Font Lock face appearances.
2850
2851 *** Maximum decoration
2852
2853 Fontification now uses the maximum level of decoration supported by
2854 default. Previously, fontification used a mode-specific default level
2855 of decoration, which is typically the minimum level of decoration
2856 supported. You can set font-lock-maximum-decoration to nil
2857 to get the old behavior.
2858
2859 *** New support
2860
2861 Support is now provided for Java, Objective-C, AWK and SIMULA modes.
2862
2863 Note that Font Lock mode can be turned on without knowing exactly what modes
2864 support Font Lock mode, via the command global-font-lock-mode.
2865
2866 *** Configurable support
2867
2868 Support for C, C++, Objective-C and Java can be more easily configured for
2869 additional types and classes via the new variables c-font-lock-extra-types,
2870 c++-font-lock-extra-types, objc-font-lock-extra-types and, you guessed it,
2871 java-font-lock-extra-types. These value of each of these variables should be a
2872 list of regexps matching the extra type names. For example, the default value
2873 of c-font-lock-extra-types is ("\\sw+_t") which means fontification follows the
2874 convention that C type names end in _t. This results in slower fontification.
2875
2876 Of course, you can change the variables that specify fontification in whatever
2877 way you wish, typically by adding regexps. However, these new variables make
2878 it easier to make specific and common changes for the fontification of types.
2879
2880 *** Adding highlighting patterns to existing support
2881
2882 You can use the new function font-lock-add-keywords to add your own
2883 highlighting patterns, such as for project-local or user-specific constructs,
2884 for any mode.
2885
2886 For example, to highlight `FIXME:' words in C comments, put:
2887
2888 (font-lock-add-keywords 'c-mode '(("\\<FIXME:" 0 font-lock-warning-face t)))
2889
2890 in your ~/.emacs.
2891
2892 *** New faces
2893
2894 Font Lock now defines two new faces, font-lock-builtin-face and
2895 font-lock-warning-face. These are intended to highlight builtin keywords,
2896 distinct from a language's normal keywords, and objects that should be brought
2897 to user attention, respectively. Various modes now use these new faces.
2898
2899 *** Changes to fast-lock support mode
2900
2901 The fast-lock package, one of the two Font Lock support modes, can now process
2902 cache files silently. You can use the new variable fast-lock-verbose, in the
2903 same way as font-lock-verbose, to control this feature.
2904
2905 *** Changes to lazy-lock support mode
2906
2907 The lazy-lock package, one of the two Font Lock support modes, can now fontify
2908 according to the true syntactic context relative to other lines. You can use
2909 the new variable lazy-lock-defer-contextually to control this feature. If
2910 non-nil, changes to the buffer will cause subsequent lines in the buffer to be
2911 refontified after lazy-lock-defer-time seconds of idle time. If nil, then only
2912 the modified lines will be refontified; this is the same as the previous Lazy
2913 Lock mode behaviour and the behaviour of Font Lock mode.
2914
2915 This feature is useful in modes where strings or comments can span lines.
2916 For example, if a string or comment terminating character is deleted, then if
2917 this feature is enabled subsequent lines in the buffer will be correctly
2918 refontified to reflect their new syntactic context. Previously, only the line
2919 containing the deleted character would be refontified and you would have to use
2920 the command M-g M-g (font-lock-fontify-block) to refontify some lines.
2921
2922 As a consequence of this new feature, two other variables have changed:
2923
2924 Variable `lazy-lock-defer-driven' is renamed `lazy-lock-defer-on-scrolling'.
2925 Variable `lazy-lock-defer-time' can now only be a time, i.e., a number.
2926 Buffer modes for which on-the-fly deferral applies can be specified via the
2927 new variable `lazy-lock-defer-on-the-fly'.
2928
2929 If you set these variables in your ~/.emacs, then you may have to change those
2930 settings.
2931
2932 ** Ada mode changes.
2933
2934 *** There is now better support for using find-file.el with Ada mode.
2935 If you switch between spec and body, the cursor stays in the same
2936 procedure (modulo overloading). If a spec has no body file yet, but
2937 you try to switch to its body file, Ada mode now generates procedure
2938 stubs.
2939
2940 *** There are two new commands:
2941 - `ada-make-local' : invokes gnatmake on the current buffer
2942 - `ada-check-syntax' : check syntax of current buffer.
2943
2944 The user options `ada-compiler-make', `ada-make-options',
2945 `ada-language-version', `ada-compiler-syntax-check', and
2946 `ada-compile-options' are used within these commands.
2947
2948 *** Ada mode can now work with Outline minor mode. The outline level
2949 is calculated from the indenting, not from syntactic constructs.
2950 Outlining does not work if your code is not correctly indented.
2951
2952 *** The new function `ada-gnat-style' converts the buffer to the style of
2953 formatting used in GNAT. It places two blanks after a comment start,
2954 places one blank between a word end and an opening '(', and puts one
2955 space between a comma and the beginning of a word.
2956
2957 ** Scheme mode changes.
2958
2959 *** Scheme mode indentation now uses many of the facilities of Lisp
2960 mode; therefore, the variables to customize it are the variables used
2961 for Lisp mode which have names starting with `lisp-'. The variables
2962 with names starting with `scheme-' which used to do this no longer
2963 have any effect.
2964
2965 If you want to use different indentation for Scheme and Lisp, this is
2966 still possible, but now you must do it by adding a hook to
2967 scheme-mode-hook, which could work by setting the `lisp-' indentation
2968 variables as buffer-local variables.
2969
2970 *** DSSSL mode is a variant of Scheme mode, for editing DSSSL scripts.
2971 Use M-x dsssl-mode.
2972
2973 ** Changes to the emacsclient program
2974
2975 *** If a socket can't be found, and environment variables LOGNAME or
2976 USER are set, emacsclient now looks for a socket based on the UID
2977 associated with the name. That is an emacsclient running as root
2978 can connect to an Emacs server started by a non-root user.
2979
2980 *** The emacsclient program now accepts an option --no-wait which tells
2981 it to return immediately without waiting for you to "finish" the
2982 buffer in Emacs.
2983
2984 *** The new option --alternate-editor allows to specify an editor to
2985 use if Emacs is not running. The environment variable
2986 ALTERNATE_EDITOR can be used for the same effect; the command line
2987 option takes precedence.
2988
2989 ** M-x eldoc-mode enables a minor mode in which the echo area
2990 constantly shows the parameter list for function being called at point
2991 (in Emacs Lisp and Lisp Interaction modes only).
2992
2993 ** C-x n d now runs the new command narrow-to-defun,
2994 which narrows the accessible parts of the buffer to just
2995 the current defun.
2996
2997 ** Emacs now handles the `--' argument in the standard way; all
2998 following arguments are treated as ordinary file names.
2999
3000 ** On MSDOS and Windows, the bookmark file is now called _emacs.bmk,
3001 and the saved desktop file is now called _emacs.desktop (truncated if
3002 necessary).
3003
3004 ** When you kill a buffer that visits a file,
3005 if there are any registers that save positions in the file,
3006 these register values no longer become completely useless.
3007 If you try to go to such a register with C-x j, then you are
3008 asked whether to visit the file again. If you say yes,
3009 it visits the file and then goes to the same position.
3010
3011 ** When you visit a file that changes frequently outside Emacs--for
3012 example, a log of output from a process that continues to run--it may
3013 be useful for Emacs to revert the file without querying you whenever
3014 you visit the file afresh with C-x C-f.
3015
3016 You can request this behavior for certain files by setting the
3017 variable revert-without-query to a list of regular expressions. If a
3018 file's name matches any of these regular expressions, find-file and
3019 revert-buffer revert the buffer without asking for permission--but
3020 only if you have not edited the buffer text yourself.
3021
3022 ** set-default-font has been renamed to set-frame-font
3023 since it applies only to the current frame.
3024
3025 ** In TeX mode, you can use the variable tex-main-file to specify the
3026 file for tex-file to run TeX on. (By default, tex-main-file is nil,
3027 and tex-file runs TeX on the current visited file.)
3028
3029 This is useful when you are editing a document that consists of
3030 multiple files. In each of the included files, you can set up a local
3031 variable list which specifies the top-level file of your document for
3032 tex-main-file. Then tex-file will run TeX on the whole document
3033 instead of just the file you are editing.
3034
3035 ** RefTeX mode
3036
3037 RefTeX mode is a new minor mode with special support for \label, \ref
3038 and \cite macros in LaTeX documents. RefTeX distinguishes labels of
3039 different environments (equation, figure, ...) and has full support for
3040 multifile documents. To use it, select a buffer with a LaTeX document and
3041 turn the mode on with M-x reftex-mode. Here are the main user commands:
3042
3043 C-c ( reftex-label
3044 Creates a label semi-automatically. RefTeX is context sensitive and
3045 knows which kind of label is needed.
3046
3047 C-c ) reftex-reference
3048 Offers in a menu all labels in the document, along with context of the
3049 label definition. The selected label is referenced as \ref{LABEL}.
3050
3051 C-c [ reftex-citation
3052 Prompts for a regular expression and displays a list of matching BibTeX
3053 database entries. The selected entry is cited with a \cite{KEY} macro.
3054
3055 C-c & reftex-view-crossref
3056 Views the cross reference of a \ref or \cite command near point.
3057
3058 C-c = reftex-toc
3059 Shows a table of contents of the (multifile) document. From there you
3060 can quickly jump to every section.
3061
3062 Under X, RefTeX installs a "Ref" menu in the menu bar, with additional
3063 commands. Press `?' to get help when a prompt mentions this feature.
3064 Full documentation and customization examples are in the file
3065 reftex.el. You can use the finder to view the file documentation:
3066 C-h p --> tex --> reftex.el
3067
3068 ** Changes in BibTeX mode.
3069
3070 *** Info documentation is now available.
3071
3072 *** Don't allow parentheses in string constants anymore. This confused
3073 both the BibTeX program and Emacs BibTeX mode.
3074
3075 *** Renamed variable bibtex-mode-user-optional-fields to
3076 bibtex-user-optional-fields.
3077
3078 *** Removed variable bibtex-include-OPTannote
3079 (use bibtex-user-optional-fields instead).
3080
3081 *** New interactive functions to copy and kill fields and complete
3082 entries to the BibTeX kill ring, from where they can be yanked back by
3083 appropriate functions.
3084
3085 *** New interactive functions for repositioning and marking of
3086 entries. They are bound by default to M-C-l and M-C-h.
3087
3088 *** New hook bibtex-clean-entry-hook. It is called after entry has
3089 been cleaned.
3090
3091 *** New variable bibtex-field-delimiters, which replaces variables
3092 bibtex-field-{left|right}-delimiter.
3093
3094 *** New variable bibtex-entry-delimiters to determine how entries
3095 shall be delimited.
3096
3097 *** Allow preinitialization of fields. See documentation of
3098 bibtex-user-optional-fields, bibtex-entry-field-alist, and
3099 bibtex-include-OPTkey for details.
3100
3101 *** Book and InBook entries require either an author or an editor
3102 field. This is now supported by bibtex.el. Alternative fields are
3103 prefixed with `ALT'.
3104
3105 *** New variable bibtex-entry-format, which replaces variable
3106 bibtex-clean-entry-zap-empty-opts and allows specification of many
3107 formatting options performed on cleaning an entry (see variable
3108 documentation).
3109
3110 *** Even more control on how automatic keys are generated. See
3111 documentation of bibtex-generate-autokey for details. Transcriptions
3112 for foreign languages other than German are now handled, too.
3113
3114 *** New boolean user option bibtex-comma-after-last-field to decide if
3115 comma should be inserted at end of last field.
3116
3117 *** New boolean user option bibtex-align-at-equal-sign to determine if
3118 alignment should be made at left side of field contents or at equal
3119 signs. New user options to control entry layout (e.g. indentation).
3120
3121 *** New function bibtex-fill-entry to realign entries.
3122
3123 *** New function bibtex-reformat to reformat region or buffer.
3124
3125 *** New function bibtex-convert-alien to convert a BibTeX database
3126 from alien sources.
3127
3128 *** New function bibtex-complete-key (similar to bibtex-complete-string)
3129 to complete prefix to a key defined in buffer. Mainly useful in
3130 crossref entries.
3131
3132 *** New function bibtex-count-entries to count entries in buffer or
3133 region.
3134
3135 *** Added support for imenu.
3136
3137 *** The function `bibtex-validate' now checks current region instead
3138 of buffer if mark is active. Now it shows all errors of buffer in a
3139 `compilation mode' buffer. You can use the normal commands (e.g.
3140 `next-error') for compilation modes to jump to errors.
3141
3142 *** New variable `bibtex-string-file-path' to determine where the files
3143 from `bibtex-string-files' are searched.
3144
3145 ** Iso Accents mode now supports Latin-3 as an alternative.
3146
3147 ** The command next-error now opens blocks hidden by hideshow.
3148
3149 ** The function using-unix-filesystems has been replaced by the
3150 functions add-untranslated-filesystem and remove-untranslated-filesystem.
3151 Each of these functions takes the name of a drive letter or directory
3152 as an argument.
3153
3154 When a filesystem is added as untranslated, all files on it are read
3155 and written in binary mode (no cr/lf translation is performed).
3156
3157 ** browse-url changes
3158
3159 *** New methods for: Grail (browse-url-generic), MMM (browse-url-mmm),
3160 Lynx in a separate xterm (browse-url-lynx-xterm) or in an Emacs window
3161 (browse-url-lynx-emacs), remote W3 (browse-url-w3-gnudoit), generic
3162 non-remote-controlled browsers (browse-url-generic) and associated
3163 customization variables.
3164
3165 *** New commands `browse-url-of-region' and `browse-url'.
3166
3167 *** URLs marked up with <URL:...> (RFC1738) work if broken across
3168 lines. Browsing methods can be associated with URL regexps
3169 (e.g. mailto: URLs) via `browse-url-browser-function'.
3170
3171 ** Changes in Ediff
3172
3173 *** Clicking Mouse-2 on a brief command description in Ediff control panel
3174 pops up the Info file for this command.
3175
3176 *** There is now a variable, ediff-autostore-merges, which controls whether
3177 the result of a merge is saved in a file. By default, this is done only when
3178 merge is done from a session group (eg, when merging files in two different
3179 directories).
3180
3181 *** Since Emacs 19.31 (this hasn't been announced before), Ediff can compare
3182 and merge groups of files residing in different directories, or revisions of
3183 files in the same directory.
3184
3185 *** Since Emacs 19.31, Ediff can apply multi-file patches interactively.
3186 The patches must be in the context format or GNU unified format. (The bug
3187 related to the GNU format has now been fixed.)
3188
3189 ** Changes in Viper
3190
3191 *** The startup file is now .viper instead of .vip
3192 *** All variable/function names have been changed to start with viper-
3193 instead of vip-.
3194 *** C-\ now simulates the meta-key in all Viper states.
3195 *** C-z in Insert state now escapes to Vi for the duration of the next
3196 Viper command. In Vi and Insert states, C-z behaves as before.
3197 *** C-c \ escapes to Vi for one command if Viper is in Insert or Emacs states.
3198 *** _ is no longer the meta-key in Vi state.
3199 *** The variable viper-insert-state-cursor-color can be used to change cursor
3200 color when Viper is in insert state.
3201 *** If search lands the cursor near the top or the bottom of the window,
3202 Viper pulls the window up or down to expose more context. The variable
3203 viper-adjust-window-after-search controls this behavior.
3204
3205 ** Etags changes.
3206
3207 *** In C, C++, Objective C and Java, Etags tags global variables by
3208 default. The resulting tags files are inflated by 30% on average.
3209 Use --no-globals to turn this feature off. Etags can also tag
3210 variables which are members of structure-like constructs, but it does
3211 not by default. Use --members to turn this feature on.
3212
3213 *** C++ member functions are now recognized as tags.
3214
3215 *** Java is tagged like C++. In addition, "extends" and "implements"
3216 constructs are tagged. Files are recognised by the extension .java.
3217
3218 *** Etags can now handle programs written in Postscript. Files are
3219 recognised by the extensions .ps and .pdb (Postscript with C syntax).
3220 In Postscript, tags are lines that start with a slash.
3221
3222 *** Etags now handles Objective C and Objective C++ code. The usual C and
3223 C++ tags are recognized in these languages; in addition, etags
3224 recognizes special Objective C syntax for classes, class categories,
3225 methods and protocols.
3226
3227 *** Etags also handles Cobol. Files are recognised by the extension
3228 .cobol. The tagged lines are those containing a word that begins in
3229 column 8 and ends in a full stop, i.e. anything that could be a
3230 paragraph name.
3231
3232 *** Regexps in Etags now support intervals, as in ed or grep. The syntax of
3233 an interval is \{M,N\}, and it means to match the preceding expression
3234 at least M times and as many as N times.
3235
3236 ** The format for specifying a custom format for time-stamp to insert
3237 in files has changed slightly.
3238
3239 With the new enhancements to the functionality of format-time-string,
3240 time-stamp-format will change to be eventually compatible with it.
3241 This conversion is being done in two steps to maintain compatibility
3242 with old time-stamp-format values.
3243
3244 In the new scheme, alternate case is signified by the number-sign
3245 (`#') modifier, rather than changing the case of the format character.
3246 This feature is as yet incompletely implemented for compatibility
3247 reasons.
3248
3249 In the old time-stamp-format, all numeric fields defaulted to their
3250 natural width. (With format-time-string, each format has a
3251 fixed-width default.) In this version, you can specify the colon
3252 (`:') modifier to a numeric conversion to mean "give me the historical
3253 time-stamp-format width default." Do not use colon if you are
3254 specifying an explicit width, as in "%02d".
3255
3256 Numbers are no longer truncated to the requested width, except in the
3257 case of "%02y", which continues to give a two-digit year. Digit
3258 truncation probably wasn't being used for anything else anyway.
3259
3260 The new formats will work with old versions of Emacs. New formats are
3261 being recommended now to allow time-stamp-format to change in the
3262 future to be compatible with format-time-string. The new forms being
3263 recommended now will continue to work then.
3264
3265 See the documentation string for the variable time-stamp-format for
3266 details.
3267
3268 ** There are some additional major modes:
3269
3270 dcl-mode, for editing VMS DCL files.
3271 m4-mode, for editing files of m4 input.
3272 meta-mode, for editing MetaFont and MetaPost source files.
3273
3274 ** In Shell mode, the command shell-copy-environment-variable lets you
3275 copy the value of a specified environment variable from the subshell
3276 into Emacs.
3277
3278 ** New Lisp packages include:
3279
3280 *** battery.el displays battery status for laptops.
3281
3282 *** M-x bruce (named after Lenny Bruce) is a program that might
3283 be used for adding some indecent words to your email.
3284
3285 *** M-x crisp-mode enables an emulation for the CRiSP editor.
3286
3287 *** M-x dirtrack arranges for better tracking of directory changes
3288 in shell buffers.
3289
3290 *** The new library elint.el provides for linting of Emacs Lisp code.
3291 See the documentation for `elint-initialize', `elint-current-buffer'
3292 and `elint-defun'.
3293
3294 *** M-x expand-add-abbrevs defines a special kind of abbrev which is
3295 meant for programming constructs. These abbrevs expand like ordinary
3296 ones, when you type SPC, but only at the end of a line and not within
3297 strings or comments.
3298
3299 These abbrevs can act as templates: you can define places within an
3300 abbrev for insertion of additional text. Once you expand the abbrev,
3301 you can then use C-x a p and C-x a n to move back and forth to these
3302 insertion points. Thus you can conveniently insert additional text
3303 at these points.
3304
3305 *** filecache.el remembers the location of files so that you
3306 can visit them by short forms of their names.
3307
3308 *** find-func.el lets you find the definition of the user-loaded
3309 Emacs Lisp function at point.
3310
3311 *** M-x handwrite converts text to a "handwritten" picture.
3312
3313 *** M-x iswitchb-buffer is a command for switching to a buffer, much like
3314 switch-buffer, but it reads the argument in a more helpful way.
3315
3316 *** M-x landmark implements a neural network for landmark learning.
3317
3318 *** M-x locate provides a convenient interface to the `locate' program.
3319
3320 *** M4 mode is a new mode for editing files of m4 input.
3321
3322 *** mantemp.el creates C++ manual template instantiations
3323 from the GCC error messages which indicate which instantiations are needed.
3324
3325 *** mouse-copy.el provides a one-click copy and move feature.
3326 You can drag a region with M-mouse-1, and it is automatically
3327 inserted at point. M-Shift-mouse-1 deletes the text from its
3328 original place after inserting the copy.
3329
3330 *** mouse-drag.el lets you do scrolling by dragging Mouse-2
3331 on the buffer.
3332
3333 You click the mouse and move; that distance either translates into the
3334 velocity to scroll (with mouse-drag-throw) or the distance to scroll
3335 (with mouse-drag-drag). Horizontal scrolling is enabled when needed.
3336
3337 Enable mouse-drag with:
3338 (global-set-key [down-mouse-2] 'mouse-drag-throw)
3339 -or-
3340 (global-set-key [down-mouse-2] 'mouse-drag-drag)
3341
3342 *** mspools.el is useful for determining which mail folders have
3343 mail waiting to be read in them. It works with procmail.
3344
3345 *** Octave mode is a major mode for editing files of input for Octave.
3346 It comes with a facility for communicating with an Octave subprocess.
3347
3348 *** ogonek
3349
3350 The ogonek package provides functions for changing the coding of
3351 Polish diacritic characters in buffers. Codings known from various
3352 platforms are supported such as ISO8859-2, Mazovia, IBM Latin2, and
3353 TeX. For example, you can change the coding from Mazovia to
3354 ISO8859-2. Another example is a change of coding from ISO8859-2 to
3355 prefix notation (in which `/a' stands for the aogonek character, for
3356 instance) and vice versa.
3357
3358 To use this package load it using
3359 M-x load-library [enter] ogonek
3360 Then, you may get an explanation by calling one of
3361 M-x ogonek-jak -- in Polish
3362 M-x ogonek-how -- in English
3363 The info specifies the commands and variables provided as well as the
3364 ways of customization in `.emacs'.
3365
3366 *** Interface to ph.
3367
3368 Emacs provides a client interface to CCSO Nameservers (ph/qi)
3369
3370 The CCSO nameserver is used in many universities to provide directory
3371 services about people. ph.el provides a convenient Emacs interface to
3372 these servers.
3373
3374 *** uce.el is useful for replying to unsolicited commercial email.
3375
3376 *** vcursor.el implements a "virtual cursor" feature.
3377 You can move the virtual cursor with special commands
3378 while the real cursor does not move.
3379
3380 *** webjump.el is a "hot list" package which you can set up
3381 for visiting your favorite web sites.
3382
3383 *** M-x winner-mode is a minor mode which saves window configurations,
3384 so you can move back to other configurations that you have recently used.
3385
3386 ** movemail change
3387
3388 Movemail no longer needs to be installed setuid root in order for POP
3389 mail retrieval to function properly. This is because it no longer
3390 supports the RPOP (reserved-port POP) protocol; instead, it uses the
3391 user's POP password to authenticate to the mail server.
3392
3393 This change was made earlier, but not reported in NEWS before.
3394
3395 * Emacs 20.1 changes for MS-DOS and MS-Windows.
3396
3397 ** Changes in handling MS-DOS/MS-Windows text files.
3398
3399 Emacs handles three different conventions for representing
3400 end-of-line: CRLF for MSDOS, LF for Unix and GNU, and CR (used on the
3401 Macintosh). Emacs determines which convention is used in a specific
3402 file based on the contents of that file (except for certain special
3403 file names), and when it saves the file, it uses the same convention.
3404
3405 To save the file and change the end-of-line convention, you can use
3406 C-x RET f (set-buffer-file-coding-system) to specify a different
3407 coding system for the buffer. Then, when you save the file, the newly
3408 specified coding system will take effect. For example, to save with
3409 LF, specify undecided-unix (or some other ...-unix coding system); to
3410 save with CRLF, specify undecided-dos.
3411
3412 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 20.1
3413
3414 ** Byte-compiled files made with Emacs 20 will, in general, work in
3415 Emacs 19 as well, as long as the source code runs in Emacs 19. And
3416 vice versa: byte-compiled files made with Emacs 19 should also run in
3417 Emacs 20, as long as the program itself works in Emacs 20.
3418
3419 ** Windows-specific functions and variables have been renamed
3420 to start with w32- instead of win32-.
3421
3422 In hacker language, calling something a "win" is a form of praise. We
3423 don't want to praise a non-free Microsoft system, so we don't call it
3424 "win".
3425
3426 ** Basic Lisp changes
3427
3428 *** A symbol whose name starts with a colon now automatically
3429 evaluates to itself. Therefore such a symbol can be used as a constant.
3430
3431 *** The defined purpose of `defconst' has been changed. It should now
3432 be used only for values that should not be changed whether by a program
3433 or by the user.
3434
3435 The actual behavior of defconst has not been changed.
3436
3437 *** There are new macros `when' and `unless'
3438
3439 (when CONDITION BODY...) is short for (if CONDITION (progn BODY...))
3440 (unless CONDITION BODY...) is short for (if CONDITION nil BODY...)
3441
3442 *** Emacs now defines functions caar, cadr, cdar and cddr with their
3443 usual Lisp meanings. For example, caar returns the car of the car of
3444 its argument.
3445
3446 *** equal, when comparing strings, now ignores their text properties.
3447
3448 *** The new function `functionp' tests whether an object is a function.
3449
3450 *** arrayp now returns t for char-tables and bool-vectors.
3451
3452 *** Certain primitives which use characters (as integers) now get an
3453 error if the integer is not a valid character code. These primitives
3454 include insert-char, char-to-string, and the %c construct in the
3455 `format' function.
3456
3457 *** The `require' function now insists on adding a suffix, either .el
3458 or .elc, to the file name. Thus, (require 'foo) will not use a file
3459 whose name is just foo. It insists on foo.el or foo.elc.
3460
3461 *** The `autoload' function, when the file name does not contain
3462 either a directory name or the suffix .el or .elc, insists on
3463 adding one of these suffixes.
3464
3465 *** string-to-number now takes an optional second argument BASE
3466 which specifies the base to use when converting an integer.
3467 If BASE is omitted, base 10 is used.
3468
3469 We have not implemented other radices for floating point numbers,
3470 because that would be much more work and does not seem useful.
3471
3472 *** substring now handles vectors as well as strings.
3473
3474 *** The Common Lisp function eql is no longer defined normally.
3475 You must load the `cl' library to define it.
3476
3477 *** The new macro `with-current-buffer' lets you evaluate an expression
3478 conveniently with a different current buffer. It looks like this:
3479
3480 (with-current-buffer BUFFER BODY-FORMS...)
3481
3482 BUFFER is the expression that says which buffer to use.
3483 BODY-FORMS say what to do in that buffer.
3484
3485 *** The new primitive `save-current-buffer' saves and restores the
3486 choice of current buffer, like `save-excursion', but without saving or
3487 restoring the value of point or the mark. `with-current-buffer'
3488 works using `save-current-buffer'.
3489
3490 *** The new macro `with-temp-file' lets you do some work in a new buffer and
3491 write the output to a specified file. Like `progn', it returns the value
3492 of the last form.
3493
3494 *** The new macro `with-temp-buffer' lets you do some work in a new buffer,
3495 which is discarded after use. Like `progn', it returns the value of the
3496 last form. If you wish to return the buffer contents, use (buffer-string)
3497 as the last form.
3498
3499 *** The new function split-string takes a string, splits it at certain
3500 characters, and returns a list of the substrings in between the
3501 matches.
3502
3503 For example, (split-string "foo bar lose" " +") returns ("foo" "bar" "lose").
3504
3505 *** The new macro with-output-to-string executes some Lisp expressions
3506 with standard-output set up so that all output feeds into a string.
3507 Then it returns that string.
3508
3509 For example, if the current buffer name is `foo',
3510
3511 (with-output-to-string
3512 (princ "The buffer is ")
3513 (princ (buffer-name)))
3514
3515 returns "The buffer is foo".
3516
3517 ** Non-ASCII characters are now supported, if enable-multibyte-characters
3518 is non-nil.
3519
3520 These characters have character codes above 256. When inserted in the
3521 buffer or stored in a string, they are represented as multibyte
3522 characters that occupy several buffer positions each.
3523
3524 *** When enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil, a single character in
3525 a buffer or string can be two or more bytes (as many as four).
3526
3527 Buffers and strings are still made up of unibyte elements;
3528 character positions and string indices are always measured in bytes.
3529 Therefore, moving forward one character can increase the buffer
3530 position by 2, 3 or 4. The function forward-char moves by whole
3531 characters, and therefore is no longer equivalent to
3532 (lambda (n) (goto-char (+ (point) n))).
3533
3534 ASCII characters (codes 0 through 127) are still single bytes, always.
3535 Sequences of byte values 128 through 255 are used to represent
3536 non-ASCII characters. These sequences are called "multibyte
3537 characters".
3538
3539 The first byte of a multibyte character is always in the range 128
3540 through 159 (octal 0200 through 0237). These values are called
3541 "leading codes". The second and subsequent bytes are always in the
3542 range 160 through 255 (octal 0240 through 0377). The first byte, the
3543 leading code, determines how many bytes long the sequence is.
3544
3545 *** The function forward-char moves over characters, and therefore
3546 (forward-char 1) may increase point by more than 1 if it moves over a
3547 multibyte character. Likewise, delete-char always deletes a
3548 character, which may be more than one buffer position.
3549
3550 This means that some Lisp programs, which assume that a character is
3551 always one buffer position, need to be changed.
3552
3553 However, all ASCII characters are always one buffer position.
3554
3555 *** The regexp [\200-\377] no longer matches all non-ASCII characters,
3556 because when enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil, these characters
3557 have codes that are not in the range octal 200 to octal 377. However,
3558 the regexp [^\000-\177] does match all non-ASCII characters,
3559 guaranteed.
3560
3561 *** The function char-boundary-p returns non-nil if position POS is
3562 between two characters in the buffer (not in the middle of a
3563 character).
3564
3565 When the value is non-nil, it says what kind of character follows POS:
3566
3567 0 if POS is at an ASCII character or at the end of range,
3568 1 if POS is before a 2-byte length multi-byte form,
3569 2 if POS is at a head of 3-byte length multi-byte form,
3570 3 if POS is at a head of 4-byte length multi-byte form,
3571 4 if POS is at a head of multi-byte form of a composite character.
3572
3573 *** The function char-bytes returns how many bytes the character CHAR uses.
3574
3575 *** Strings can contain multibyte characters. The function
3576 `length' returns the string length counting bytes, which may be
3577 more than the number of characters.
3578
3579 You can include a multibyte character in a string constant by writing
3580 it literally. You can also represent it with a hex escape,
3581 \xNNNNNNN..., using as many digits as necessary. Any character which
3582 is not a valid hex digit terminates this construct. If you want to
3583 follow it with a character that is a hex digit, write backslash and
3584 newline in between; that will terminate the hex escape.
3585
3586 *** The function concat-chars takes arguments which are characters
3587 and returns a string containing those characters.
3588
3589 *** The function sref access a multibyte character in a string.
3590 (sref STRING INDX) returns the character in STRING at INDEX. INDEX
3591 counts from zero. If INDEX is at a position in the middle of a
3592 character, sref signals an error.
3593
3594 *** The function chars-in-string returns the number of characters
3595 in a string. This is less than the length of the string, if the
3596 string contains multibyte characters (the length counts bytes).
3597
3598 *** The function chars-in-region returns the number of characters
3599 in a region from BEG to END. This is less than (- END BEG) if the
3600 region contains multibyte characters (the length counts bytes).
3601
3602 *** The function string-to-list converts a string to a list of
3603 the characters in it. string-to-vector converts a string
3604 to a vector of the characters in it.
3605
3606 *** The function store-substring alters part of the contents
3607 of a string. You call it as follows:
3608
3609 (store-substring STRING IDX OBJ)
3610
3611 This says to alter STRING, by storing OBJ starting at index IDX in
3612 STRING. OBJ may be either a character or a (smaller) string.
3613 This function really does alter the contents of STRING.
3614 Since it is impossible to change the length of an existing string,
3615 it is an error if OBJ doesn't fit within STRING's actual length.
3616
3617 *** char-width returns the width (in columns) of the character CHAR,
3618 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window.
3619
3620 *** string-width returns the width (in columns) of the text in STRING,
3621 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window.
3622
3623 *** truncate-string-to-width shortens a string, if necessary,
3624 to fit within a certain number of columns. (Of course, it does
3625 not alter the string that you give it; it returns a new string
3626 which contains all or just part of the existing string.)
3627
3628 (truncate-string-to-width STR END-COLUMN &optional START-COLUMN PADDING)
3629
3630 This returns the part of STR up to column END-COLUMN.
3631
3632 The optional argument START-COLUMN specifies the starting column.
3633 If this is non-nil, then the first START-COLUMN columns of the string
3634 are not included in the resulting value.
3635
3636 The optional argument PADDING, if non-nil, is a padding character to be added
3637 at the beginning and end the resulting string, to extend it to exactly
3638 WIDTH columns. If PADDING is nil, that means do not pad; then, if STRING
3639 is narrower than WIDTH, the value is equal to STRING.
3640
3641 If PADDING and START-COLUMN are both non-nil, and if there is no clean
3642 place in STRING that corresponds to START-COLUMN (because one
3643 character extends across that column), then the padding character
3644 PADDING is added one or more times at the beginning of the result
3645 string, so that its columns line up as if it really did start at
3646 column START-COLUMN.
3647
3648 *** When the functions in the list after-change-functions are called,
3649 the third argument is the number of bytes in the pre-change text, not
3650 necessarily the number of characters. It is, in effect, the
3651 difference in buffer position between the beginning and the end of the
3652 changed text, before the change.
3653
3654 *** The characters Emacs uses are classified in various character
3655 sets, each of which has a name which is a symbol. In general there is
3656 one character set for each script, not for each language.
3657
3658 **** The function charsetp tests whether an object is a character set name.
3659
3660 **** The variable charset-list holds a list of character set names.
3661
3662 **** char-charset, given a character code, returns the name of the character
3663 set that the character belongs to. (The value is a symbol.)
3664
3665 **** split-char, given a character code, returns a list containing the
3666 name of the character set, followed by one or two byte-values
3667 which identify the character within that character set.
3668
3669 **** make-char, given a character set name and one or two subsequent
3670 byte-values, constructs a character code. This is roughly the
3671 opposite of split-char.
3672
3673 **** find-charset-region returns a list of the character sets
3674 of all the characters between BEG and END.
3675
3676 **** find-charset-string returns a list of the character sets
3677 of all the characters in a string.
3678
3679 *** Here are the Lisp facilities for working with coding systems
3680 and specifying coding systems.
3681
3682 **** The function coding-system-list returns a list of all coding
3683 system names (symbols). With optional argument t, it returns a list
3684 of all distinct base coding systems, not including variants.
3685 (Variant coding systems are those like latin-1-dos, latin-1-unix
3686 and latin-1-mac which specify the end-of-line conversion as well
3687 as what to do about code conversion.)
3688
3689 **** coding-system-p tests a symbol to see if it is a coding system
3690 name. It returns t if so, nil if not.
3691
3692 **** file-coding-system-alist specifies which coding systems to use
3693 for certain file names. It works like network-coding-system-alist,
3694 except that the PATTERN is matched against the file name.
3695
3696 Each element has the format (PATTERN . VAL), where PATTERN determines
3697 which file names the element applies to. PATTERN should be a regexp
3698 to match against a file name.
3699
3700 VAL is a coding system, a cons cell containing two coding systems, or
3701 a function symbol. If VAL is a coding system, it is used for both
3702 decoding what received from the network stream and encoding what sent
3703 to the network stream. If VAL is a cons cell containing two coding
3704 systems, the car specifies the coding system for decoding, and the cdr
3705 specifies the coding system for encoding.
3706
3707 If VAL is a function symbol, the function must return a coding system
3708 or a cons cell containing two coding systems, which is used as above.
3709
3710 **** The variable network-coding-system-alist specifies
3711 the coding system to use for network sockets.
3712
3713 Each element has the format (PATTERN . VAL), where PATTERN determines
3714 which network sockets the element applies to. PATTERN should be
3715 either a port number or a regular expression matching some network
3716 service names.
3717
3718 VAL is a coding system, a cons cell containing two coding systems, or
3719 a function symbol. If VAL is a coding system, it is used for both
3720 decoding what received from the network stream and encoding what sent
3721 to the network stream. If VAL is a cons cell containing two coding
3722 systems, the car specifies the coding system for decoding, and the cdr
3723 specifies the coding system for encoding.
3724
3725 If VAL is a function symbol, the function must return a coding system
3726 or a cons cell containing two coding systems, which is used as above.
3727
3728 **** process-coding-system-alist specifies which coding systems to use
3729 for certain subprocess. It works like network-coding-system-alist,
3730 except that the PATTERN is matched against the program name used to
3731 start the subprocess.
3732
3733 **** The variable default-process-coding-system specifies the coding
3734 systems to use for subprocess (and net connection) input and output,
3735 when nothing else specifies what to do. The value is a cons cell
3736 (OUTPUT-CODING . INPUT-CODING). OUTPUT-CODING applies to output
3737 to the subprocess, and INPUT-CODING applies to input from it.
3738
3739 **** The variable coding-system-for-write, if non-nil, specifies the
3740 coding system to use for writing a file, or for output to a synchronous
3741 subprocess.
3742
3743 It also applies to any asynchronous subprocess or network connection,
3744 but in a different way: the value of coding-system-for-write when you
3745 start the subprocess or connection affects that subprocess or
3746 connection permanently or until overridden.
3747
3748 The variable coding-system-for-write takes precedence over
3749 file-coding-system-alist, process-coding-system-alist and
3750 network-coding-system-alist, and all other methods of specifying a
3751 coding system for output. But most of the time this variable is nil.
3752 It exists so that Lisp programs can bind it to a specific coding
3753 system for one operation at a time.
3754
3755 **** coding-system-for-read applies similarly to input from
3756 files, subprocesses or network connections.
3757
3758 **** The function process-coding-system tells you what
3759 coding systems(s) an existing subprocess is using.
3760 The value is a cons cell,
3761 (DECODING-CODING-SYSTEM . ENCODING-CODING-SYSTEM)
3762 where DECODING-CODING-SYSTEM is used for decoding output from
3763 the subprocess, and ENCODING-CODING-SYSTEM is used for encoding
3764 input to the subprocess.
3765
3766 **** The function set-process-coding-system can be used to
3767 change the coding systems in use for an existing subprocess.
3768
3769 ** Emacs has a new facility to help users manage the many
3770 customization options. To make a Lisp program work with this facility,
3771 you need to use the new macros defgroup and defcustom.
3772
3773 You use defcustom instead of defvar, for defining a user option
3774 variable. The difference is that you specify two additional pieces of
3775 information (usually): the "type" which says what values are
3776 legitimate, and the "group" which specifies the hierarchy for
3777 customization.
3778
3779 Thus, instead of writing
3780
3781 (defvar foo-blurgoze nil
3782 "*Non-nil means that foo will act very blurgozely.")
3783
3784 you would now write this:
3785
3786 (defcustom foo-blurgoze nil
3787 "*Non-nil means that foo will act very blurgozely."
3788 :type 'boolean
3789 :group foo)
3790
3791 The type `boolean' means that this variable has only
3792 two meaningful states: nil and non-nil. Other type values
3793 describe other possibilities; see the manual for Custom
3794 for a description of them.
3795
3796 The "group" argument is used to specify a group which the option
3797 should belong to. You define a new group like this:
3798
3799 (defgroup ispell nil
3800 "Spell checking using Ispell."
3801 :group 'processes)
3802
3803 The "group" argument in defgroup specifies the parent group. The root
3804 group is called `emacs'; it should not contain any variables itself,
3805 but only other groups. The immediate subgroups of `emacs' correspond
3806 to the keywords used by C-h p. Under these subgroups come
3807 second-level subgroups that belong to individual packages.
3808
3809 Each Emacs package should have its own set of groups. A simple
3810 package should have just one group; a more complex package should
3811 have a hierarchy of its own groups. The sole or root group of a
3812 package should be a subgroup of one or more of the "keyword"
3813 first-level subgroups.
3814
3815 ** New `widget' library for inserting UI components in buffers.
3816
3817 This library, used by the new custom library, is documented in a
3818 separate manual that accompanies Emacs.
3819
3820 ** easy-mmode
3821
3822 The easy-mmode package provides macros and functions that make
3823 developing minor modes easier. Roughly, the programmer has to code
3824 only the functionality of the minor mode. All the rest--toggles,
3825 predicate, and documentation--can be done in one call to the macro
3826 `easy-mmode-define-minor-mode' (see the documentation). See also
3827 `easy-mmode-define-keymap'.
3828
3829 ** Text property changes
3830
3831 *** The `intangible' property now works on overlays as well as on a
3832 text property.
3833
3834 *** The new functions next-char-property-change and
3835 previous-char-property-change scan through the buffer looking for a
3836 place where either a text property or an overlay might change. The
3837 functions take two arguments, POSITION and LIMIT. POSITION is the
3838 starting position for the scan. LIMIT says where to stop the scan.
3839
3840 If no property change is found before LIMIT, the value is LIMIT. If
3841 LIMIT is nil, scan goes to the beginning or end of the accessible part
3842 of the buffer. If no property change is found, the value is the
3843 position of the beginning or end of the buffer.
3844
3845 *** In the `local-map' text property or overlay property, the property
3846 value can now be a symbol whose function definition is a keymap. This
3847 is an alternative to using the keymap itself.
3848
3849 ** Changes in invisibility features
3850
3851 *** Isearch can now temporarily show parts of the buffer which are
3852 hidden by an overlay with a invisible property, when the search match
3853 is inside that portion of the buffer. To enable this the overlay
3854 should have a isearch-open-invisible property which is a function that
3855 would be called having the overlay as an argument, the function should
3856 make the overlay visible.
3857
3858 During incremental search the overlays are shown by modifying the
3859 invisible and intangible properties, if beside this more actions are
3860 needed the overlay should have a isearch-open-invisible-temporary
3861 which is a function. The function is called with 2 arguments: one is
3862 the overlay and the second is nil when it should show the overlay and
3863 t when it should hide it.
3864
3865 *** add-to-invisibility-spec, remove-from-invisibility-spec
3866
3867 Modes that use overlays to hide portions of a buffer should set the
3868 invisible property of the overlay to the mode's name (or another symbol)
3869 and modify the `buffer-invisibility-spec' to include that symbol.
3870 Use `add-to-invisibility-spec' and `remove-from-invisibility-spec' to
3871 manipulate the `buffer-invisibility-spec'.
3872 Here is an example of how to do this:
3873
3874 ;; If we want to display an ellipsis:
3875 (add-to-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t))
3876 ;; If you don't want ellipsis:
3877 (add-to-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol)
3878
3879 ...
3880 (overlay-put (make-overlay beginning end) 'invisible 'my-symbol)
3881
3882 ...
3883 ;; When done with the overlays:
3884 (remove-from-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t))
3885 ;; Or respectively:
3886 (remove-from-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol)
3887
3888 ** Changes in syntax parsing.
3889
3890 *** The syntax-directed buffer-scan functions (such as
3891 `parse-partial-sexp', `forward-word' and similar functions) can now
3892 obey syntax information specified by text properties, if the variable
3893 `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is non-nil.
3894
3895 If the value of `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is nil, the behavior
3896 is as before: the syntax-table of the current buffer is always
3897 used to determine the syntax of the character at the position.
3898
3899 When `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is non-nil, the syntax of a
3900 character in the buffer is calculated thus:
3901
3902 a) if the `syntax-table' text-property of that character
3903 is a cons, this cons becomes the syntax-type;
3904
3905 Valid values of `syntax-table' text-property are: nil, a valid
3906 syntax-table, and a valid syntax-table element, i.e.,
3907 a cons cell of the form (SYNTAX-CODE . MATCHING-CHAR).
3908
3909 b) if the character's `syntax-table' text-property
3910 is a syntax table, this syntax table is used
3911 (instead of the syntax-table of the current buffer) to
3912 determine the syntax type of the character.
3913
3914 c) otherwise the syntax-type is determined by the syntax-table
3915 of the current buffer.
3916
3917 *** The meaning of \s in regular expressions is also affected by the
3918 value of `parse-sexp-lookup-properties'. The details are the same as
3919 for the syntax-directed buffer-scan functions.
3920
3921 *** There are two new syntax-codes, `!' and `|' (numeric values 14
3922 and 15). A character with a code `!' starts a comment which is ended
3923 only by another character with the same code (unless quoted). A
3924 character with a code `|' starts a string which is ended only by
3925 another character with the same code (unless quoted).
3926
3927 These codes are mainly meant for use as values of the `syntax-table'
3928 text property.
3929
3930 *** The function `parse-partial-sexp' has new semantics for the sixth
3931 arg COMMENTSTOP. If it is `syntax-table', parse stops after the start
3932 of a comment or a string, or after end of a comment or a string.
3933
3934 *** The state-list which the return value from `parse-partial-sexp'
3935 (and can also be used as an argument) now has an optional ninth
3936 element: the character address of the start of last comment or string;
3937 nil if none. The fourth and eighth elements have special values if the
3938 string/comment is started by a "!" or "|" syntax-code.
3939
3940 *** Since new features of `parse-partial-sexp' allow a complete
3941 syntactic parsing, `font-lock' no longer supports
3942 `font-lock-comment-start-regexp'.
3943
3944 ** Changes in face features
3945
3946 *** The face functions are now unconditionally defined in Emacs, even
3947 if it does not support displaying on a device that supports faces.
3948
3949 *** The function face-documentation returns the documentation string
3950 of a face (or nil if it doesn't have one).
3951
3952 *** The function face-bold-p returns t if a face should be bold.
3953 set-face-bold-p sets that flag.
3954
3955 *** The function face-italic-p returns t if a face should be italic.
3956 set-face-italic-p sets that flag.
3957
3958 *** You can now specify foreground and background colors for text
3959 by adding elements of the form (foreground-color . COLOR-NAME)
3960 and (background-color . COLOR-NAME) to the list of faces in
3961 the `face' property (either the character's text property or an
3962 overlay property).
3963
3964 This means that you no longer need to create named faces to use
3965 arbitrary colors in a Lisp package.
3966
3967 ** Changes in file-handling functions
3968
3969 *** File-access primitive functions no longer discard an extra redundant
3970 directory name from the beginning of the file name. In other words,
3971 they no longer do anything special with // or /~. That conversion
3972 is now done only in substitute-in-file-name.
3973
3974 This makes it possible for a Lisp program to open a file whose name
3975 begins with ~.
3976
3977 *** If copy-file is unable to set the date of the output file,
3978 it now signals an error with the condition file-date-error.
3979
3980 *** The inode number returned by file-attributes may be an integer (if
3981 the number fits in a Lisp integer) or a list of integers.
3982
3983 *** insert-file-contents can now read from a special file,
3984 as long as the arguments VISIT and REPLACE are nil.
3985
3986 *** The RAWFILE arg to find-file-noselect, if non-nil, now suppresses
3987 character code conversion as well as other things.
3988
3989 Meanwhile, this feature does work with remote file names
3990 (formerly it did not).
3991
3992 *** Lisp packages which create temporary files should use the TMPDIR
3993 environment variable to decide which directory to put them in.
3994
3995 *** interpreter-mode-alist elements now specify regexps
3996 instead of constant strings.
3997
3998 *** expand-file-name no longer treats `//' or `/~' specially. It used
3999 to delete all the text of a file name up through the first slash of
4000 any `//' or `/~' sequence. Now it passes them straight through.
4001
4002 substitute-in-file-name continues to treat those sequences specially,
4003 in the same way as before.
4004
4005 *** The variable `format-alist' is more general now.
4006 The FROM-FN and TO-FN in a format definition can now be strings
4007 which specify shell commands to use as filters to perform conversion.
4008
4009 *** The new function access-file tries to open a file, and signals an
4010 error if that fails. If the open succeeds, access-file does nothing
4011 else, and returns nil.
4012
4013 *** The function insert-directory now signals an error if the specified
4014 directory cannot be listed.
4015
4016 ** Changes in minibuffer input
4017
4018 *** The functions read-buffer, read-variable, read-command, read-string
4019 read-file-name, read-from-minibuffer and completing-read now take an
4020 additional argument which specifies the default value. If this
4021 argument is non-nil, it should be a string; that string is used in two
4022 ways:
4023
4024 It is returned if the user enters empty input.
4025 It is available through the history command M-n.
4026
4027 *** The functions read-string, read-from-minibuffer,
4028 read-no-blanks-input and completing-read now take an additional
4029 argument INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD. If this is non-nil, then the
4030 minibuffer inherits the current input method and the setting of
4031 enable-multibyte-characters from the previously current buffer.
4032
4033 In an interactive spec, you can use M instead of s to read an
4034 argument in this way.
4035
4036 *** All minibuffer input functions discard text properties
4037 from the text you enter in the minibuffer, unless the variable
4038 minibuffer-allow-text-properties is non-nil.
4039
4040 ** Echo area features
4041
4042 *** Clearing the echo area now runs the normal hook
4043 echo-area-clear-hook. Note that the echo area can be used while the
4044 minibuffer is active; in that case, the minibuffer is still active
4045 after the echo area is cleared.
4046
4047 *** The function current-message returns the message currently displayed
4048 in the echo area, or nil if there is none.
4049
4050 ** Keyboard input features
4051
4052 *** tty-erase-char is a new variable that reports which character was
4053 set up as the terminal's erase character when time Emacs was started.
4054
4055 *** num-nonmacro-input-events is the total number of input events
4056 received so far from the terminal. It does not count those generated
4057 by keyboard macros.
4058
4059 ** Frame-related changes
4060
4061 *** make-frame runs the normal hook before-make-frame-hook just before
4062 creating a frame, and just after creating a frame it runs the abnormal
4063 hook after-make-frame-functions with the new frame as arg.
4064
4065 *** The new hook window-configuration-change-hook is now run every time
4066 the window configuration has changed. The frame whose configuration
4067 has changed is the selected frame when the hook is run.
4068
4069 *** Each frame now independently records the order for recently
4070 selected buffers, in its buffer-list frame parameter, so that the
4071 value of other-buffer is now based on the buffers recently displayed
4072 in the selected frame.
4073
4074 *** The value of the frame parameter vertical-scroll-bars
4075 is now `left', `right' or nil. A non-nil value specifies
4076 which side of the window to put the scroll bars on.
4077
4078 ** X Windows features
4079
4080 *** You can examine X resources for other applications by binding
4081 x-resource-class around a call to x-get-resource. The usual value of
4082 x-resource-class is "Emacs", which is the correct value for Emacs.
4083
4084 *** In menus, checkboxes and radio buttons now actually work.
4085 The menu displays the current status of the box or button.
4086
4087 *** The function x-list-fonts now takes an optional fourth argument
4088 MAXIMUM which sets a limit on how many matching fonts to return.
4089 A smaller value of MAXIMUM makes the function faster.
4090
4091 If the only question is whether *any* font matches the pattern,
4092 it is good to supply 1 for this argument.
4093
4094 ** Subprocess features
4095
4096 *** A reminder: it is no longer necessary for subprocess filter
4097 functions and sentinels to do save-match-data, because Emacs does this
4098 automatically.
4099
4100 *** The new function shell-command-to-string executes a shell command
4101 and returns the output from the command as a string.
4102
4103 *** The new function process-contact returns t for a child process,
4104 and (HOSTNAME SERVICE) for a net connection.
4105
4106 ** An error in running pre-command-hook or post-command-hook
4107 does clear the variable to nil. The documentation was wrong before.
4108
4109 ** In define-key-after, if AFTER is t, the new binding now always goes
4110 at the end of the keymap. If the keymap is a menu, this means it
4111 goes after the other menu items.
4112
4113 ** If you have a program that makes several changes in the same area
4114 of the buffer, you can use the macro combine-after-change-calls
4115 around that Lisp code to make it faster when after-change hooks
4116 are in use.
4117
4118 The macro arranges to call the after-change functions just once for a
4119 series of several changes--if that seems safe.
4120
4121 Don't alter the variables after-change-functions and
4122 after-change-function within the body of a combine-after-change-calls
4123 form.
4124
4125 ** If you define an abbrev (with define-abbrev) whose EXPANSION
4126 is not a string, then the abbrev does not expand in the usual sense,
4127 but its hook is still run.
4128
4129 ** Normally, the Lisp debugger is not used (even if you have enabled it)
4130 for errors that are handled by condition-case.
4131
4132 If you set debug-on-signal to a non-nil value, then the debugger is called
4133 regardless of whether there is a handler for the condition. This is
4134 useful for debugging problems that happen inside of a condition-case.
4135
4136 This mode of operation seems to be unreliable in other ways. Errors that
4137 are normal and ought to be handled, perhaps in timers or process
4138 filters, will instead invoke the debugger. So don't say you weren't
4139 warned.
4140
4141 ** The new variable ring-bell-function lets you specify your own
4142 way for Emacs to "ring the bell".
4143
4144 ** If run-at-time's TIME argument is t, the action is repeated at
4145 integral multiples of REPEAT from the epoch; this is useful for
4146 functions like display-time.
4147
4148 ** You can use the function locate-library to find the precise file
4149 name of a Lisp library. This isn't new, but wasn't documented before.
4150
4151 ** Commands for entering view mode have new optional arguments that
4152 can be used from Lisp. Low-level entrance to and exit from view mode
4153 is done by functions view-mode-enter and view-mode-exit.
4154
4155 ** batch-byte-compile-file now makes Emacs return a nonzero status code
4156 if there is an error in compilation.
4157
4158 ** pop-to-buffer, switch-to-buffer-other-window and
4159 switch-to-buffer-other-frame now accept an additional optional
4160 argument NORECORD, much like switch-to-buffer. If it is non-nil,
4161 they don't put the buffer at the front of the buffer list.
4162
4163 ** If your .emacs file leaves the *scratch* buffer non-empty,
4164 Emacs does not display the startup message, so as to avoid changing
4165 the *scratch* buffer.
4166
4167 ** The new function regexp-opt returns an efficient regexp to match a string.
4168 The arguments are STRINGS and (optionally) PAREN. This function can be used
4169 where regexp matching or searching is intensively used and speed is important,
4170 e.g., in Font Lock mode.
4171
4172 ** The variable buffer-display-count is local to each buffer,
4173 and is incremented each time the buffer is displayed in a window.
4174 It starts at 0 when the buffer is created.
4175
4176 ** The new function compose-mail starts composing a mail message
4177 using the user's chosen mail composition agent (specified with the
4178 variable mail-user-agent). It has variants compose-mail-other-window
4179 and compose-mail-other-frame.
4180
4181 ** The `user-full-name' function now takes an optional parameter which
4182 can either be a number (the UID) or a string (the login name). The
4183 full name of the specified user will be returned.
4184
4185 ** Lisp packages that load files of customizations, or any other sort
4186 of user profile, should obey the variable init-file-user in deciding
4187 where to find it. They should load the profile of the user name found
4188 in that variable. If init-file-user is nil, meaning that the -q
4189 option was used, then Lisp packages should not load the customization
4190 files at all.
4191
4192 ** format-time-string now allows you to specify the field width
4193 and type of padding. This works as in printf: you write the field
4194 width as digits in the middle of a %-construct. If you start
4195 the field width with 0, it means to pad with zeros.
4196
4197 For example, %S normally specifies the number of seconds since the
4198 minute; %03S means to pad this with zeros to 3 positions, %_3S to pad
4199 with spaces to 3 positions. Plain %3S pads with zeros, because that
4200 is how %S normally pads to two positions.
4201
4202 ** thing-at-point now supports a new kind of "thing": url.
4203
4204 ** imenu.el changes.
4205
4206 You can now specify a function to be run when selecting an
4207 item from menu created by imenu.
4208
4209 An example of using this feature: if we define imenu items for the
4210 #include directives in a C file, we can open the included file when we
4211 select one of those items.
4212
4213 * Emacs 19.34 is a bug-fix release with no user-visible changes.
4214
4215 * Changes in Emacs 19.33.
4216
4217 ** Bibtex mode no longer turns on Auto Fill automatically. (No major
4218 mode should do that--it is the user's choice.)
4219
4220 ** The variable normal-auto-fill-function specifies the function to
4221 use for auto-fill-function, if and when Auto Fill is turned on.
4222 Major modes can set this locally to alter how Auto Fill works.
4223
4224 * Editing Changes in Emacs 19.32
4225
4226 ** C-x f with no argument now signals an error.
4227 To set the fill column at the current column, use C-u C-x f.
4228
4229 ** Expanding dynamic abbrevs with M-/ is now smarter about case
4230 conversion. If you type the abbreviation with mixed case, and it
4231 matches the beginning of the expansion including case, then the
4232 expansion is copied verbatim. Using SPC M-/ to copy an additional
4233 word always copies it verbatim except when the previous copied word is
4234 all caps.
4235
4236 ** On a non-windowing terminal, which can display only one Emacs frame
4237 at a time, creating a new frame with C-x 5 2 also selects that frame.
4238
4239 When using a display that can show multiple frames at once, C-x 5 2
4240 does make the frame visible, but does not select it. This is the same
4241 as in previous Emacs versions.
4242
4243 ** You can use C-x 5 2 to create multiple frames on MSDOS, just as on a
4244 non-X terminal on Unix. Of course, only one frame is visible at any
4245 time, since your terminal doesn't have the ability to display multiple
4246 frames.
4247
4248 ** On Windows, set win32-pass-alt-to-system to a non-nil value
4249 if you would like tapping the Alt key to invoke the Windows menu.
4250 This feature is not enabled by default; since the Alt key is also the
4251 Meta key, it is too easy and painful to activate this feature by
4252 accident.
4253
4254 ** The command apply-macro-to-region-lines repeats the last defined
4255 keyboard macro once for each complete line within the current region.
4256 It does this line by line, by moving point to the beginning of that
4257 line and then executing the macro.
4258
4259 This command is not new, but was never documented before.
4260
4261 ** You can now use Mouse-1 to place the region around a string constant
4262 (something surrounded by doublequote characters or other delimiter
4263 characters of like syntax) by double-clicking on one of the delimiting
4264 characters.
4265
4266 ** Font Lock mode
4267
4268 *** Font Lock support modes
4269
4270 Font Lock can be configured to use Fast Lock mode and Lazy Lock mode (see
4271 below) in a flexible way. Rather than adding the appropriate function to the
4272 hook font-lock-mode-hook, you can use the new variable font-lock-support-mode
4273 to control which modes have Fast Lock mode or Lazy Lock mode turned on when
4274 Font Lock mode is enabled.
4275
4276 For example, to use Fast Lock mode when Font Lock mode is turned on, put:
4277
4278 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'fast-lock-mode)
4279
4280 in your ~/.emacs.
4281
4282 *** lazy-lock
4283
4284 The lazy-lock package speeds up Font Lock mode by making fontification occur
4285 only when necessary, such as when a previously unfontified part of the buffer
4286 becomes visible in a window. When you create a buffer with Font Lock mode and
4287 Lazy Lock mode turned on, the buffer is not fontified. When certain events
4288 occur (such as scrolling), Lazy Lock makes sure that the visible parts of the
4289 buffer are fontified. Lazy Lock also defers on-the-fly fontification until
4290 Emacs has been idle for a given amount of time.
4291
4292 To use this package, put in your ~/.emacs:
4293
4294 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode)
4295
4296 To control the package behaviour, see the documentation for `lazy-lock-mode'.
4297
4298 ** Changes in BibTeX mode.
4299
4300 *** For all entries allow spaces and tabs between opening brace or
4301 paren and key.
4302
4303 *** Non-escaped double-quoted characters (as in `Sch"of') are now
4304 supported.
4305
4306 ** Gnus changes.
4307
4308 Gnus, the Emacs news reader, has undergone further rewriting. Many new
4309 commands and variables have been added. There should be no
4310 significant incompatibilities between this Gnus version and the
4311 previously released version, except in the message composition area.
4312
4313 Below is a list of the more user-visible changes. Coding changes
4314 between Gnus 5.1 and 5.2 are more extensive.
4315
4316 *** A new message composition mode is used. All old customization
4317 variables for mail-mode, rnews-reply-mode and gnus-msg are now
4318 obsolete.
4319
4320 *** Gnus is now able to generate "sparse" threads -- threads where
4321 missing articles are represented by empty nodes.
4322
4323 (setq gnus-build-sparse-threads 'some)
4324
4325 *** Outgoing articles are stored on a special archive server.
4326
4327 To disable this: (setq gnus-message-archive-group nil)
4328
4329 *** Partial thread regeneration now happens when articles are
4330 referred.
4331
4332 *** Gnus can make use of GroupLens predictions:
4333
4334 (setq gnus-use-grouplens t)
4335
4336 *** A trn-line tree buffer can be displayed.
4337
4338 (setq gnus-use-trees t)
4339
4340 *** An nn-like pick-and-read minor mode is available for the summary
4341 buffers.
4342
4343 (add-hook 'gnus-summary-mode-hook 'gnus-pick-mode)
4344
4345 *** In binary groups you can use a special binary minor mode:
4346
4347 `M-x gnus-binary-mode'
4348
4349 *** Groups can be grouped in a folding topic hierarchy.
4350
4351 (add-hook 'gnus-group-mode-hook 'gnus-topic-mode)
4352
4353 *** Gnus can re-send and bounce mail.
4354
4355 Use the `S D r' and `S D b'.
4356
4357 *** Groups can now have a score, and bubbling based on entry frequency
4358 is possible.
4359
4360 (add-hook 'gnus-summary-exit-hook 'gnus-summary-bubble-group)
4361
4362 *** Groups can be process-marked, and commands can be performed on
4363 groups of groups.
4364
4365 *** Caching is possible in virtual groups.
4366
4367 *** nndoc now understands all kinds of digests, mail boxes, rnews news
4368 batches, ClariNet briefs collections, and just about everything else.
4369
4370 *** Gnus has a new backend (nnsoup) to create/read SOUP packets.
4371
4372 *** The Gnus cache is much faster.
4373
4374 *** Groups can be sorted according to many criteria.
4375
4376 For instance: (setq gnus-group-sort-function 'gnus-group-sort-by-rank)
4377
4378 *** New group parameters have been introduced to set list-address and
4379 expiration times.
4380
4381 *** All formatting specs allow specifying faces to be used.
4382
4383 *** There are several more commands for setting/removing/acting on
4384 process marked articles on the `M P' submap.
4385
4386 *** The summary buffer can be limited to show parts of the available
4387 articles based on a wide range of criteria. These commands have been
4388 bound to keys on the `/' submap.
4389
4390 *** Articles can be made persistent -- as an alternative to saving
4391 articles with the `*' command.
4392
4393 *** All functions for hiding article elements are now toggles.
4394
4395 *** Article headers can be buttonized.
4396
4397 (add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook 'gnus-article-add-buttons-to-head)
4398
4399 *** All mail backends support fetching articles by Message-ID.
4400
4401 *** Duplicate mail can now be treated properly. See the
4402 `nnmail-treat-duplicates' variable.
4403
4404 *** All summary mode commands are available directly from the article
4405 buffer.
4406
4407 *** Frames can be part of `gnus-buffer-configuration'.
4408
4409 *** Mail can be re-scanned by a daemonic process.
4410
4411 *** Gnus can make use of NoCeM files to filter spam.
4412
4413 (setq gnus-use-nocem t)
4414
4415 *** Groups can be made permanently visible.
4416
4417 (setq gnus-permanently-visible-groups "^nnml:")
4418
4419 *** Many new hooks have been introduced to make customizing easier.
4420
4421 *** Gnus respects the Mail-Copies-To header.
4422
4423 *** Threads can be gathered by looking at the References header.
4424
4425 (setq gnus-summary-thread-gathering-function
4426 'gnus-gather-threads-by-references)
4427
4428 *** Read articles can be stored in a special backlog buffer to avoid
4429 refetching.
4430
4431 (setq gnus-keep-backlog 50)
4432
4433 *** A clean copy of the current article is always stored in a separate
4434 buffer to allow easier treatment.
4435
4436 *** Gnus can suggest where to save articles. See `gnus-split-methods'.
4437
4438 *** Gnus doesn't have to do as much prompting when saving.
4439
4440 (setq gnus-prompt-before-saving t)
4441
4442 *** gnus-uu can view decoded files asynchronously while fetching
4443 articles.
4444
4445 (setq gnus-uu-grabbed-file-functions 'gnus-uu-grab-view)
4446
4447 *** Filling in the article buffer now works properly on cited text.
4448
4449 *** Hiding cited text adds buttons to toggle hiding, and how much
4450 cited text to hide is now customizable.
4451
4452 (setq gnus-cited-lines-visible 2)
4453
4454 *** Boring headers can be hidden.
4455
4456 (add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook 'gnus-article-hide-boring-headers)
4457
4458 *** Default scoring values can now be set from the menu bar.
4459
4460 *** Further syntax checking of outgoing articles have been added.
4461
4462 The Gnus manual has been expanded. It explains all these new features
4463 in greater detail.
4464
4465 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 19.32
4466
4467 ** The function set-visited-file-name now accepts an optional
4468 second argument NO-QUERY. If it is non-nil, then the user is not
4469 asked for confirmation in the case where the specified file already
4470 exists.
4471
4472 ** The variable print-length applies to printing vectors and bitvectors,
4473 as well as lists.
4474
4475 ** The new function keymap-parent returns the parent keymap
4476 of a given keymap.
4477
4478 ** The new function set-keymap-parent specifies a new parent for a
4479 given keymap. The arguments are KEYMAP and PARENT. PARENT must be a
4480 keymap or nil.
4481
4482 ** Sometimes menu keymaps use a command name, a symbol, which is really
4483 an automatically generated alias for some other command, the "real"
4484 name. In such a case, you should give that alias symbol a non-nil
4485 menu-alias property. That property tells the menu system to look for
4486 equivalent keys for the real name instead of equivalent keys for the
4487 alias.
4488
4489 * Editing Changes in Emacs 19.31
4490
4491 ** Freedom of the press restricted in the United States.
4492
4493 Emacs has been censored in accord with the Communications Decency Act.
4494 This includes removing some features of the doctor program. That law
4495 was described by its supporters as a ban on pornography, but it bans
4496 far more than that. The Emacs distribution has never contained any
4497 pornography, but parts of it were nonetheless prohibited.
4498
4499 For information on US government censorship of the Internet, and what
4500 you can do to bring back freedom of the press, see the web site
4501 `http://www.vtw.org/'.
4502
4503 ** A note about C mode indentation customization.
4504
4505 The old (Emacs 19.29) ways of specifying a C indentation style
4506 do not normally work in the new implementation of C mode.
4507 It has its own methods of customizing indentation, which are
4508 much more powerful than the old C mode. See the Editing Programs
4509 chapter of the manual for details.
4510
4511 However, you can load the library cc-compat to make the old
4512 customization variables take effect.
4513
4514 ** Marking with the mouse.
4515
4516 When you mark a region with the mouse, the region now remains
4517 highlighted until the next input event, regardless of whether you are
4518 using M-x transient-mark-mode.
4519
4520 ** Improved Windows NT/95 support.
4521
4522 *** Emacs now supports scroll bars on Windows NT and Windows 95.
4523
4524 *** Emacs now supports subprocesses on Windows 95. (Subprocesses used
4525 to work on NT only and not on 95.)
4526
4527 *** There are difficulties with subprocesses, though, due to problems
4528 in Windows, beyond the control of Emacs. They work fine as long as
4529 you run Windows applications. The problems arise when you run a DOS
4530 application in a subprocesses. Since current shells run as DOS
4531 applications, these problems are significant.
4532
4533 If you run a DOS application in a subprocess, then the application is
4534 likely to busy-wait, which means that your machine will be 100% busy.
4535 However, if you don't mind the temporary heavy load, the subprocess
4536 will work OK as long as you tell it to terminate before you start any
4537 other DOS application as a subprocess.
4538
4539 Emacs is unable to terminate or interrupt a DOS subprocess.
4540 You have to do this by providing input directly to the subprocess.
4541
4542 If you run two DOS applications at the same time in two separate
4543 subprocesses, even if one of them is asynchronous, you will probably
4544 have to reboot your machine--until then, it will remain 100% busy.
4545 Windows simply does not cope when one Windows process tries to run two
4546 separate DOS subprocesses. Typing CTL-ALT-DEL and then choosing
4547 Shutdown seems to work although it may take a few minutes.
4548
4549 ** M-x resize-minibuffer-mode.
4550
4551 This command, not previously mentioned in NEWS, toggles a mode in
4552 which the minibuffer window expands to show as many lines as the
4553 minibuffer contains.
4554
4555 ** `title' frame parameter and resource.
4556
4557 The `title' X resource now specifies just the frame title, nothing else.
4558 It does not affect the name used for looking up other X resources.
4559 It works by setting the new `title' frame parameter, which likewise
4560 affects just the displayed title of the frame.
4561
4562 The `name' parameter continues to do what it used to do:
4563 it specifies the frame name for looking up X resources,
4564 and also serves as the default for the displayed title
4565 when the `title' parameter is unspecified or nil.
4566
4567 ** Emacs now uses the X toolkit by default, if you have a new
4568 enough version of X installed (X11R5 or newer).
4569
4570 ** When you compile Emacs with the Motif widget set, Motif handles the
4571 F10 key by activating the menu bar. To avoid confusion, the usual
4572 Emacs binding of F10 is replaced with a no-op when using Motif.
4573
4574 If you want to be able to use F10 in Emacs, you can rebind the Motif
4575 menubar to some other key which you don't use. To do so, add
4576 something like this to your X resources file. This example rebinds
4577 the Motif menu bar activation key to S-F12:
4578
4579 Emacs*defaultVirtualBindings: osfMenuBar : Shift<Key>F12
4580
4581 ** In overwrite mode, DEL now inserts spaces in most cases
4582 to replace the characters it "deletes".
4583
4584 ** The Rmail summary now shows the number of lines in each message.
4585
4586 ** Rmail has a new command M-x unforward-rmail-message, which extracts
4587 a forwarded message from the message that forwarded it. To use it,
4588 select a message which contains a forwarded message and then type the command.
4589 It inserts the forwarded message as a separate Rmail message
4590 immediately after the selected one.
4591
4592 This command also undoes the textual modifications that are standardly
4593 made, as part of forwarding, by Rmail and other mail reader programs.
4594
4595 ** Turning off saving of .saves-... files in your home directory.
4596
4597 Each Emacs session writes a file named .saves-... in your home
4598 directory to record which files M-x recover-session should recover.
4599 If you exit Emacs normally with C-x C-c, it deletes that file. If
4600 Emacs or the operating system crashes, the file remains for M-x
4601 recover-session.
4602
4603 You can turn off the writing of these files by setting
4604 auto-save-list-file-name to nil. If you do this, M-x recover-session
4605 will not work.
4606
4607 Some previous Emacs versions failed to delete these files even on
4608 normal exit. This is fixed now. If you are thinking of turning off
4609 this feature because of past experiences with versions that had this
4610 bug, it would make sense to check whether you still want to do so
4611 now that the bug is fixed.
4612
4613 ** Changes to Version Control (VC)
4614
4615 There is a new variable, vc-follow-symlinks. It indicates what to do
4616 when you visit a link to a file that is under version control.
4617 Editing the file through the link bypasses the version control system,
4618 which is dangerous and probably not what you want.
4619
4620 If this variable is t, VC follows the link and visits the real file,
4621 telling you about it in the echo area. If it is `ask' (the default),
4622 VC asks for confirmation whether it should follow the link. If nil,
4623 the link is visited and a warning displayed.
4624
4625 ** iso-acc.el now lets you specify a choice of language.
4626 Languages include "latin-1" (the default) and "latin-2" (which
4627 is designed for entering ISO Latin-2 characters).
4628
4629 There are also choices for specific human languages such as French and
4630 Portuguese. These are subsets of Latin-1, which differ in that they
4631 enable only the accent characters needed for particular language.
4632 The other accent characters, not needed for the chosen language,
4633 remain normal.
4634
4635 ** Posting articles and sending mail now has M-TAB completion on various
4636 header fields (Newsgroups, To, CC, ...).
4637
4638 Completion in the Newsgroups header depends on the list of groups
4639 known to your news reader. Completion in the Followup-To header
4640 offers those groups which are in the Newsgroups header, since
4641 Followup-To usually just holds one of those.
4642
4643 Completion in fields that hold mail addresses works based on the list
4644 of local users plus your aliases. Additionally, if your site provides
4645 a mail directory or a specific host to use for any unrecognized user
4646 name, you can arrange to query that host for completion also. (See the
4647 documentation of variables `mail-directory-process' and
4648 `mail-directory-stream'.)
4649
4650 ** A greatly extended sgml-mode offers new features such as (to be configured)
4651 skeletons with completing read for tags and attributes, typing named
4652 characters including optionally all 8bit characters, making tags invisible
4653 with optional alternate display text, skipping and deleting tag(pair)s.
4654
4655 Note: since Emacs' syntax feature cannot limit the special meaning of ', " and
4656 - to inside <>, for some texts the result, especially of font locking, may be
4657 wrong (see `sgml-specials' if you get wrong results).
4658
4659 The derived html-mode configures this with tags and attributes more or
4660 less HTML3ish. It also offers optional quick keys like C-c 1 for
4661 headline or C-c u for unordered list (see `html-quick-keys'). Edit /
4662 Text Properties / Face or M-g combinations create tags as applicable.
4663 Outline minor mode is supported and level 1 font-locking tries to
4664 fontify tag contents (which only works when they fit on one line, due
4665 to a limitation in font-lock).
4666
4667 External viewing via browse-url can occur automatically upon saving.
4668
4669 ** M-x imenu-add-to-menubar now adds to the menu bar for the current
4670 buffer only. If you want to put an Imenu item in the menu bar for all
4671 buffers that use a particular major mode, use the mode hook, as in
4672 this example:
4673
4674 (add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook
4675 '(lambda () (imenu-add-to-menubar "Index")))
4676
4677 ** Changes in BibTeX mode.
4678
4679 *** Field names may now contain digits, hyphens, and underscores.
4680
4681 *** Font Lock mode is now supported.
4682
4683 *** bibtex-make-optional-field is no longer interactive.
4684
4685 *** If bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries is non-nil, inserting new
4686 entries is now done with a faster algorithm. However, inserting
4687 will fail in this case if the buffer contains invalid entries or
4688 isn't in sorted order, so you should finish each entry with C-c C-c
4689 (bibtex-close-entry) after you have inserted or modified it.
4690 The default value of bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries is nil.
4691
4692 *** Function `show-all' is no longer bound to a key, since C-u C-c C-q
4693 does the same job.
4694
4695 *** Entries with quotes inside quote-delimited fields (as `author =
4696 "Stefan Sch{\"o}f"') are now supported.
4697
4698 *** Case in field names doesn't matter anymore when searching for help
4699 text.
4700
4701 ** Font Lock mode
4702
4703 *** Global Font Lock mode
4704
4705 Font Lock mode can be turned on globally, in buffers that support it, by the
4706 new command global-font-lock-mode. You can use the new variable
4707 font-lock-global-modes to control which modes have Font Lock mode automagically
4708 turned on. By default, this variable is set so that Font Lock mode is turned
4709 on globally where the buffer mode supports it.
4710
4711 For example, to automagically turn on Font Lock mode where supported, put:
4712
4713 (global-font-lock-mode t)
4714
4715 in your ~/.emacs.
4716
4717 *** Local Refontification
4718
4719 In Font Lock mode, editing a line automatically refontifies that line only.
4720 However, if your change alters the syntactic context for following lines,
4721 those lines remain incorrectly fontified. To refontify them, use the new
4722 command M-g M-g (font-lock-fontify-block).
4723
4724 In certain major modes, M-g M-g refontifies the entire current function.
4725 (The variable font-lock-mark-block-function controls how to find the
4726 current function.) In other major modes, M-g M-g refontifies 16 lines
4727 above and below point.
4728
4729 With a prefix argument N, M-g M-g refontifies N lines above and below point.
4730
4731 ** Follow mode
4732
4733 Follow mode is a new minor mode combining windows showing the same
4734 buffer into one tall "virtual window". The windows are typically two
4735 side-by-side windows. Follow mode makes them scroll together as if
4736 they were a unit. To use it, go to a frame with just one window,
4737 split it into two side-by-side windows using C-x 3, and then type M-x
4738 follow-mode.
4739
4740 M-x follow-mode turns off Follow mode if it is already enabled.
4741
4742 To display two side-by-side windows and activate Follow mode, use the
4743 command M-x follow-delete-other-windows-and-split.
4744
4745 ** hide-show changes.
4746
4747 The hooks hs-hide-hooks and hs-show-hooks have been renamed
4748 to hs-hide-hook and hs-show-hook, to follow the convention for
4749 normal hooks.
4750
4751 ** Simula mode now has a menu containing the most important commands.
4752 The new command simula-indent-exp is bound to C-M-q.
4753
4754 ** etags can now handle programs written in Erlang. Files are
4755 recognised by the extensions .erl and .hrl. The tagged lines are
4756 those that begin a function, record, or macro.
4757
4758 ** MSDOS Changes
4759
4760 *** It is now possible to compile Emacs with the version 2 of DJGPP.
4761 Compilation with DJGPP version 1 also still works.
4762
4763 *** The documentation of DOS-specific aspects of Emacs was rewritten
4764 and expanded; see the ``MS-DOS'' node in the on-line docs.
4765
4766 *** Emacs now uses ~ for backup file names, not .bak.
4767
4768 *** You can simulate mouse-3 on two-button mice by simultaneously
4769 pressing both mouse buttons.
4770
4771 *** A number of packages and commands which previously failed or had
4772 restricted functionality on MS-DOS, now work. The most important ones
4773 are:
4774
4775 **** Printing (both with `M-x lpr-buffer' and with `ps-print' package)
4776 now works.
4777
4778 **** `Ediff' works (in a single-frame mode).
4779
4780 **** `M-x display-time' can be used on MS-DOS (due to the new
4781 implementation of Emacs timers, see below).
4782
4783 **** `Dired' supports Unix-style shell wildcards.
4784
4785 **** The `c-macro-expand' command now works as on other platforms.
4786
4787 **** `M-x recover-session' works.
4788
4789 **** `M-x list-colors-display' displays all the available colors.
4790
4791 **** The `TPU-EDT' package works.
4792
4793 * Lisp changes in Emacs 19.31.
4794
4795 ** The function using-unix-filesystems on Windows NT and Windows 95
4796 tells Emacs to read and write files assuming that they reside on a
4797 remote Unix filesystem. No CR/LF translation is done on any files in
4798 this case. Invoking using-unix-filesystems with t activates this
4799 behavior, and invoking it with any other value deactivates it.
4800
4801 ** Change in system-type and system-configuration values.
4802
4803 The value of system-type on a Linux-based GNU system is now `lignux',
4804 not `linux'. This means that some programs which use `system-type'
4805 need to be changed. The value of `system-configuration' will also
4806 be different.
4807
4808 It is generally recommended to use `system-configuration' rather
4809 than `system-type'.
4810
4811 See the file LINUX-GNU in this directory for more about this.
4812
4813 ** The functions shell-command and dired-call-process
4814 now run file name handlers for default-directory, if it has them.
4815
4816 ** Undoing the deletion of text now restores the positions of markers
4817 that pointed into or next to the deleted text.
4818
4819 ** Timers created with run-at-time now work internally to Emacs, and
4820 no longer use a separate process. Therefore, they now work more
4821 reliably and can be used for shorter time delays.
4822
4823 The new function run-with-timer is a convenient way to set up a timer
4824 to run a specified amount of time after the present. A call looks
4825 like this:
4826
4827 (run-with-timer SECS REPEAT FUNCTION ARGS...)
4828
4829 SECS says how many seconds should elapse before the timer happens.
4830 It may be an integer or a floating point number. When the timer
4831 becomes ripe, the action is to call FUNCTION with arguments ARGS.
4832
4833 REPEAT gives the interval for repeating the timer (measured in
4834 seconds). It may be an integer or a floating point number. nil or 0
4835 means don't repeat at all--call FUNCTION just once.
4836
4837 *** with-timeout provides an easy way to do something but give
4838 up if too much time passes.
4839
4840 (with-timeout (SECONDS TIMEOUT-FORMS...) BODY...)
4841
4842 This executes BODY, but gives up after SECONDS seconds.
4843 If it gives up, it runs the TIMEOUT-FORMS and returns the value
4844 of the last one of them. Normally it returns the value of the last
4845 form in BODY.
4846
4847 *** You can now arrange to call a function whenever Emacs is idle for
4848 a certain length of time. To do this, call run-with-idle-timer. A
4849 call looks like this:
4850
4851 (run-with-idle-timer SECS REPEAT FUNCTION ARGS...)
4852
4853 SECS says how many seconds of idleness should elapse before the timer
4854 runs. It may be an integer or a floating point number. When the
4855 timer becomes ripe, the action is to call FUNCTION with arguments
4856 ARGS.
4857
4858 Emacs becomes idle whenever it finishes executing a keyboard or mouse
4859 command. It remains idle until it receives another keyboard or mouse
4860 command.
4861
4862 REPEAT, if non-nil, means this timer should be activated again each
4863 time Emacs becomes idle and remains idle for SECS seconds The timer
4864 does not repeat if Emacs *remains* idle; it runs at most once after
4865 each time Emacs becomes idle.
4866
4867 If REPEAT is nil, the timer runs just once, the first time Emacs is
4868 idle for SECS seconds.
4869
4870 *** post-command-idle-hook is now obsolete; you shouldn't use it at
4871 all, because it interferes with the idle timer mechanism. If your
4872 programs use post-command-idle-hook, convert them to use idle timers
4873 instead.
4874
4875 *** y-or-n-p-with-timeout lets you ask a question but give up if
4876 there is no answer within a certain time.
4877
4878 (y-or-n-p-with-timeout PROMPT SECONDS DEFAULT-VALUE)
4879
4880 asks the question PROMPT (just like y-or-n-p). If the user answers
4881 within SECONDS seconds, it returns the answer that the user gave.
4882 Otherwise it gives up after SECONDS seconds, and returns DEFAULT-VALUE.
4883
4884 ** Minor change to `encode-time': you can now pass more than seven
4885 arguments. If you do that, the first six arguments have the usual
4886 meaning, the last argument is interpreted as the time zone, and the
4887 arguments in between are ignored.
4888
4889 This means that it works to use the list returned by `decode-time' as
4890 the list of arguments for `encode-time'.
4891
4892 ** The default value of load-path now includes the directory
4893 /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp In addition to
4894 /usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp. You can use this new directory for
4895 site-specific Lisp packages that belong with a particular Emacs
4896 version.
4897
4898 It is not unusual for a Lisp package that works well in one Emacs
4899 version to cause trouble in another. Sometimes packages need updating
4900 for incompatible changes; sometimes they look at internal data that
4901 has changed; sometimes the package has been installed in Emacs itself
4902 and the installed version should be used. Whatever the reason for the
4903 problem, this new feature makes it easier to solve.
4904
4905 ** When your program contains a fixed file name (like .completions or
4906 .abbrev.defs), the file name usually needs to be different on operating
4907 systems with limited file name syntax.
4908
4909 Now you can avoid ad-hoc conditionals by using the function
4910 convert-standard-filename to convert the file name to a proper form
4911 for each operating system. Here is an example of use, from the file
4912 completions.el:
4913
4914 (defvar save-completions-file-name
4915 (convert-standard-filename "~/.completions")
4916 "*The filename to save completions to.")
4917
4918 This sets the variable save-completions-file-name to a value that
4919 depends on the operating system, because the definition of
4920 convert-standard-filename depends on the operating system. On
4921 Unix-like systems, it returns the specified file name unchanged. On
4922 MS-DOS, it adapts the name to fit the limitations of that system.
4923
4924 ** The interactive spec N now returns the numeric prefix argument
4925 rather than the raw prefix argument. (It still reads a number using the
4926 minibuffer if there is no prefix argument at all.)
4927
4928 ** When a process is deleted, this no longer disconnects the process
4929 marker from its buffer position.
4930
4931 ** The variable garbage-collection-messages now controls whether
4932 Emacs displays a message at the beginning and end of garbage collection.
4933 The default is nil, meaning there are no messages.
4934
4935 ** The variable debug-ignored-errors specifies certain kinds of errors
4936 that should not enter the debugger. Its value is a list of error
4937 condition symbols and/or regular expressions. If the error has any
4938 of the condition symbols listed, or if any of the regular expressions
4939 matches the error message, then that error does not enter the debugger,
4940 regardless of the value of debug-on-error.
4941
4942 This variable is initialized to match certain common but uninteresting
4943 errors that happen often during editing.
4944
4945 ** The new function error-message-string converts an error datum
4946 into its error message. The error datum is what condition-case
4947 puts into the variable, to describe the error that happened.
4948
4949 ** Anything that changes which buffer appears in a given window
4950 now runs the window-scroll-functions for that window.
4951
4952 ** The new function get-buffer-window-list returns a list of windows displaying
4953 a buffer. The function is called with the buffer (a buffer object or a buffer
4954 name) and two optional arguments specifying the minibuffer windows and frames
4955 to search. Therefore this function takes optional args like next-window etc.,
4956 and not get-buffer-window.
4957
4958 ** buffer-substring now runs the hook buffer-access-fontify-functions,
4959 calling each function with two arguments--the range of the buffer
4960 being accessed. buffer-substring-no-properties does not call them.
4961
4962 If you use this feature, you should set the variable
4963 buffer-access-fontified-property to a non-nil symbol, which is a
4964 property name. Then, if all the characters in the buffer range have a
4965 non-nil value for that property, the buffer-access-fontify-functions
4966 are not called. When called, these functions should put a non-nil
4967 property on the text that they fontify, so that they won't get called
4968 over and over for the same text.
4969
4970 ** Changes in lisp-mnt.el
4971
4972 *** The lisp-mnt package can now recognize file headers that are written
4973 in the formats used by the `what' command and the RCS `ident' command:
4974
4975 ;; @(#) HEADER: text
4976 ;; $HEADER: text $
4977
4978 in addition to the normal
4979
4980 ;; HEADER: text
4981
4982 *** The commands lm-verify and lm-synopsis are now interactive. lm-verify
4983 checks that the library file has proper sections and headers, and
4984 lm-synopsis extracts first line "synopsis'"information.
4985
4986 * For older news, see the file ONEWS.
4987
4988 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1148 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
4989 Copyright information: 1149 Copyright information:
4990 1150
4991 Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 1151 Copyright (C) 1985 Richard M. Stallman
4992 1152
4993 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies 1153 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
4994 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the 1154 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
4995 copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved, 1155 copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved,
4996 thus giving the recipient permission to redistribute in turn. 1156 thus giving the recipient permission to redistribute in turn.
4999 of this document, or of portions of it, 1159 of this document, or of portions of it,
5000 under the above conditions, provided also that they 1160 under the above conditions, provided also that they
5001 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them. 1161 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them.
5002 1162
5003 Local variables: 1163 Local variables:
5004 mode: outline 1164 mode: text
5005 paragraph-separate: "[ ]*$"
5006 end: 1165 end: