comparison etc/TUTORIAL @ 38689:99630a340b59

Be consistent when naming CONTROL and META keys.

38688:0346e04a4659

Important note: to end the Emacs session, type C-x C-c.  (Two characters.)
The characters ">>" at the left margin indicate directions for you to
try using a command.  For instance:
<<Blank lines inserted here by startup of help-with-tutorial>>
>>  Now type C-v (View next screen) to move to the next screen.
	(go ahead, do it by holding down the control key while typing v).
	From now on, you should do this again whenever you finish
	reading the screen.

Note that there is an overlap of two lines when you move from screen
to screen; this provides some continuity so you can continue reading

	C-v	Move forward one screenful
	M-v	Move backward one screenful
	C-l	Clear screen and redisplay all the text,
		 moving the text around the cursor
		 to the center of the screen.
		 (That's control-L, not control-1.)

>> Find the cursor, and note what text is near it.
   Then type C-l.
   Find the cursor again and notice that the same text
   is near the cursor now.

>> Try to move the cursor off the bottom of the screen with C-n, and
   see what happens.

If moving by characters is too slow, you can move by words.  M-f
(Meta-f) moves forward a word and M-b moves back a word.

>> Type a few M-f's and M-b's.

When you are in the middle of a word, M-f moves to the end of the word.
When you are in whitespace between words, M-f moves to the end of the

	M-e	Move forward to end of sentence

>> Try all of these commands now a few times for practice.
   These are the most often used commands.

Two other important cursor motion commands are M-< (Meta Less-than),
which moves to the beginning of the whole text, and M-> (Meta
Greater-than), which moves to the end of the whole text.

On most terminals, the "<" is above the comma, so you must use the
shift key to type it.  On these terminals you must use the shift key
to type M-< also; without the shift key, you would be typing M-comma.

explain how to get rid of extra windows and go back to basic
one-window editing.  It is simple:

	C-x 1	One window (i.e., kill all other windows).

That is Control-x followed by the digit 1.  C-x 1 expands the window
which contains the cursor, to occupy the full screen.  It deletes all
other windows.

>> Move the cursor to this line and type C-u 0 C-l.
>> Type Control-h k Control-f.
   See how this window shrinks, while a new one appears
   to display documentation on the Control-f command.

>> Type C-x 1 and see the documentation listing window disappear.

This command is unlike the other commands you have learned in that it
consists of two characters.  It starts with the character Control-x.
There is a whole series of commands that start with Control-x; many of
them have to do with windows, files, buffers, and related things.
These commands are two, three or four characters long.


* INSERTING AND DELETING

   characters with it.  Then set the margin back to 70 using
   C-x f again.

If you make changes in the middle of a paragraph, Auto Fill mode
does not re-fill it for you.
To re-fill the paragraph, type M-q (Meta-q) with the cursor inside
that paragraph.

>> Move the cursor into the previous paragraph and type M-q.

------------------

One of the nice features of Emacs is that you can display more than one
window on the screen at the same time.

>> Move the cursor to this line and type C-u 0 C-l (that's control-L, not
   control-1).

>> Now type C-x 2 which splits the screen into two windows.
   Both windows display this tutorial.  The cursor stays in the top window.

>> Type C-M-v to scroll the bottom window.
   (If you do not have a real Meta key, type ESC C-v.)

>> Type C-x o ("o" for "other") to move the cursor to the bottom window.
>> Use C-v and M-v in the bottom window to scroll it.
   Keep reading these directions in the top window.

META key, you can type C-M-v by holding down both CONTROL and META while
typing v.  It does not matter whether CONTROL or META "comes first,"
because both of these keys act by modifying the characters you type.

If you do not have a real META key, and you use ESC instead, the order
does matter: you must type ESC followed by Control-v, because
Control-ESC v will not work.  This is because ESC is a character in
its own right, not a modifier key.

>> Type C-x 1 (in the top window) to get rid of the bottom window.

(If you had typed C-x 1 in the bottom window, that would get rid

get you started using Emacs.  There is so much available in Emacs that
it would be impossible to explain it all here.  However, you may want
to learn more about Emacs since it has many other useful features.
Emacs provides commands for reading documentation about Emacs
commands.  These "help" commands all start with the character
Control-h, which is called "the Help character".

To use the Help features, type the C-h character, and then a
character saying what kind of help you want.  If you are REALLY lost,
type C-h ? and Emacs will tell you what kinds of help it can give.
If you have typed C-h and decide you do not want any help, just

values you can set to customize Emacs behavior.  You need to type in
the name of the variable when Emacs prompts for it.

   C-h a	Command Apropos.  Type in a keyword and Emacs will list
		all the commands whose names contain that keyword.
		These commands can all be invoked with Meta-x.
		For some commands, Command Apropos will also list a one
		or two character sequence which runs the same command.

>> Type C-h a file<Return>.

38689:99630a340b59

Important note: to end the Emacs session, type C-x C-c.  (Two characters.)
The characters ">>" at the left margin indicate directions for you to
try using a command.  For instance:
<<Blank lines inserted here by startup of help-with-tutorial>>
>>  Now type C-v (View next screen) to move to the next screen.
	(go ahead, do it by holding down the CONTROL key while typing v).
	From now on, you should do this again whenever you finish
	reading the screen.

Note that there is an overlap of two lines when you move from screen
to screen; this provides some continuity so you can continue reading

	C-v	Move forward one screenful
	M-v	Move backward one screenful
	C-l	Clear screen and redisplay all the text,
		 moving the text around the cursor
		 to the center of the screen.
		 (That's CONTROL-L, not CONTROL-1.)

>> Find the cursor, and note what text is near it.
   Then type C-l.
   Find the cursor again and notice that the same text
   is near the cursor now.

>> Try to move the cursor off the bottom of the screen with C-n, and
   see what happens.

If moving by characters is too slow, you can move by words.  M-f
(META-f) moves forward a word and M-b moves back a word.

>> Type a few M-f's and M-b's.

When you are in the middle of a word, M-f moves to the end of the word.
When you are in whitespace between words, M-f moves to the end of the

	M-e	Move forward to end of sentence

>> Try all of these commands now a few times for practice.
   These are the most often used commands.

Two other important cursor motion commands are M-< (META Less-than),
which moves to the beginning of the whole text, and M-> (META
Greater-than), which moves to the end of the whole text.

On most terminals, the "<" is above the comma, so you must use the
shift key to type it.  On these terminals you must use the shift key
to type M-< also; without the shift key, you would be typing M-comma.

explain how to get rid of extra windows and go back to basic
one-window editing.  It is simple:

	C-x 1	One window (i.e., kill all other windows).

That is CONTROL-x followed by the digit 1.  C-x 1 expands the window
which contains the cursor, to occupy the full screen.  It deletes all
other windows.

>> Move the cursor to this line and type C-u 0 C-l.
>> Type CONTROL-h k CONTROL-f.
   See how this window shrinks, while a new one appears
   to display documentation on the CONTROL-f command.

>> Type C-x 1 and see the documentation listing window disappear.

This command is unlike the other commands you have learned in that it
consists of two characters.  It starts with the character CONTROL-x.
There is a whole series of commands that start with CONTROL-x; many of
them have to do with windows, files, buffers, and related things.
These commands are two, three or four characters long.


* INSERTING AND DELETING

   characters with it.  Then set the margin back to 70 using
   C-x f again.

If you make changes in the middle of a paragraph, Auto Fill mode
does not re-fill it for you.
To re-fill the paragraph, type M-q (META-q) with the cursor inside
that paragraph.

>> Move the cursor into the previous paragraph and type M-q.

------------------

One of the nice features of Emacs is that you can display more than one
window on the screen at the same time.

>> Move the cursor to this line and type C-u 0 C-l (that's CONTROL-L, not
   CONTROL-1).

>> Now type C-x 2 which splits the screen into two windows.
   Both windows display this tutorial.  The cursor stays in the top window.

>> Type C-M-v to scroll the bottom window.
   (If you do not have a real META key, type ESC C-v.)

>> Type C-x o ("o" for "other") to move the cursor to the bottom window.
>> Use C-v and M-v in the bottom window to scroll it.
   Keep reading these directions in the top window.

META key, you can type C-M-v by holding down both CONTROL and META while
typing v.  It does not matter whether CONTROL or META "comes first,"
because both of these keys act by modifying the characters you type.

If you do not have a real META key, and you use ESC instead, the order
does matter: you must type ESC followed by CONTROL-v, because
CONTROL-ESC v will not work.  This is because ESC is a character in
its own right, not a modifier key.

>> Type C-x 1 (in the top window) to get rid of the bottom window.

(If you had typed C-x 1 in the bottom window, that would get rid

get you started using Emacs.  There is so much available in Emacs that
it would be impossible to explain it all here.  However, you may want
to learn more about Emacs since it has many other useful features.
Emacs provides commands for reading documentation about Emacs
commands.  These "help" commands all start with the character
CONTROL-h, which is called "the Help character".

To use the Help features, type the C-h character, and then a
character saying what kind of help you want.  If you are REALLY lost,
type C-h ? and Emacs will tell you what kinds of help it can give.
If you have typed C-h and decide you do not want any help, just

values you can set to customize Emacs behavior.  You need to type in
the name of the variable when Emacs prompts for it.

   C-h a	Command Apropos.  Type in a keyword and Emacs will list
		all the commands whose names contain that keyword.
		These commands can all be invoked with META-x.
		For some commands, Command Apropos will also list a one
		or two character sequence which runs the same command.

>> Type C-h a file<Return>.