comparison etc/PROBLEMS @ 89971:cce1c0ee76ee

Revision: [e-mail]--gnu-2004/emacs--unicode--0--patch-36 Merge from emacs--cvs-trunk--0, emacs--gnus--5.10, gnus--rel--5.10 Patches applied: * [e-mail]--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-523 Merge from emacs--gnus--5.10, gnus--rel--5.10 * [e-mail]--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-524 - [e-mail]--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-534 Update from CVS * [e-mail]--gnu-2004/emacs--gnus--5.10--base-0 tag of [e-mail]--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-464 * [e-mail]--gnu-2004/emacs--gnus--5.10--patch-1 Import from CVS branch gnus-5_10-branch * [e-mail]--gnu-2004/emacs--gnus--5.10--patch-2 Merge from [e-mail]--2004/emacs--multi-tty--0, emacs--cvs-trunk--0 * [e-mail]--gnu-2004/emacs--gnus--5.10--patch-3 Merge from gnus--rel--5.10 * [e-mail]--gnu-2004/emacs--gnus--5.10--patch-4 Merge from gnus--rel--5.10 * [e-mail]--gnu-2004/gnus--rel--5.10--patch-18 Update from CVS * [e-mail]--gnu-2004/gnus--rel--5.10--patch-19 Remove autoconf-generated files from archive * [e-mail]--gnu-2004/gnus--rel--5.10--patch-20 Update from CVS

89970:a849e5779b8c

This file describes various problems that have been encountered
in compiling, installing and running GNU Emacs.  Try doing Ctl t
and browsing through the outline headers.

* Mule-UCS doesn't work in Emacs 22.

It's completely redundant now, as far as we know.

prevent the problem by using a suitable shell command (often `ulimit')
to raise the stack size limit before you run Emacs.

Patches to raise the stack size limit automatically in `main'
(src/emacs.c) on various systems would be greatly appreciated.

** Emacs crashes with SIGBUS or SIGSEGV on HPUX 9 after you delete a frame.

We think this is due to a bug in the X libraries provided by HP.  With
the alternative X libraries in /usr/contrib/mitX11R5/lib, the problem
does not happen.

** Emacs crashes with SIGBUS or SIGSEGV on Solaris after you delete a frame.

We suspect that this is a similar bug in the X libraries provided by
Sun.  There is a report that one of these patches fixes the bug and
makes the problem stop:

105216-01 105393-01 105518-01 105621-01 105665-01 105615-02 105216-02
105667-01 105401-08 105615-03 105621-02 105686-02 105736-01 105755-03
106033-01 105379-01 105786-01 105181-04 105379-03 105786-04 105845-01
105284-05 105669-02 105837-01 105837-02 105558-01 106125-02 105407-01

Another person using a newer system (kernel patch level Generic_105181-06)
suspects that the bug was fixed by one of these more recent patches:

106040-07  SunOS 5.6: X Input & Output Method patch
106222-01  OpenWindows 3.6: filemgr (ff.core) fixes
105284-12  Motif 1.2.7: sparc Runtime library patch

** Error message `Symbol's value as variable is void: x', followed by
a segmentation fault and core dump.

This has been tracked to a bug in tar!  People report that tar erroneously

To check thoroughly for such resource specifications, use `xrdb
-query' to see what resources the X server records, and also look at
the user's ~/.Xdefaults and ~/.Xdefaults-* files.

*** --with-x-toolkit version crashes when used with shared libraries.

On some systems, including Sunos 4 and DGUX 5.4.2 and perhaps others,
unexec doesn't work properly with the shared library for the X
toolkit.  You might be able to work around this by using a nonshared
libXt.a library.  The real fix is to upgrade the various versions of
unexec and/or ralloc.  We think this has been fixed on Sunos 4
and Solaris in version 19.29.

*** Emacs running under X Windows does not handle mouse clicks.
*** `emacs -geometry 80x20' finds a file named `80x20'.

One cause of such problems is having (setq term-file-prefix nil) in
your .emacs file.  Another cause is a bad value of EMACSLOADPATH in

does not get a response from the server within a timeout whose default
value is just ten seconds.

If this happens to you, extend the timeout period.

*** HP/UX: Emacs is slow using X11R5.

This happens if you use the MIT versions of the X libraries--it
doesn't run as fast as HP's version.  People sometimes use the version
because they see the HP version doesn't have the libraries libXaw.a,
libXmu.a, libXext.a and others.  HP/UX normally doesn't come with
those libraries installed.  To get good performance, you need to
install them and rebuild Emacs.

*** HP/UX: The right Alt key works wrong on German HP keyboards (and perhaps
other non-English HP keyboards too).

This is because HP-UX defines the modifiers wrong in X.  Here is a
shell script to fix the problem; be sure that it is run after VUE

keysym Meta_R = Mode_switch
add mod2 = Mode_switch
EOF
--------------------------------

*** HP/UX: Large file support is disabled.

See the comments in src/s/hpux10.h.

*** HP/UX 11.0: Emacs makes HP/UX 11.0 crash.

This is a bug in HPUX; HPUX patch PHKL_16260 is said to fix it.

** AIX

   *aixterm.Translations: #override <Key>BackSpace: string(0x7f)
   aixterm*ttyModes: erase ^?

This makes your Backspace key send DEL (ASCII 127).

*** AIX: You get this message when running Emacs:

    Could not load program emacs
    Symbol smtcheckinit in csh is undefined
    Error was: Exec format error

or this one:

    Could not load program .emacs
    Symbol _system_con in csh is undefined
    Symbol _fp_trapsta in csh is undefined
    Error was: Exec format error

These can happen when you try to run on AIX 3.2.5 a program that was
compiled with 3.2.4.  The fix is to recompile.

*** AIX 3.2.4: Releasing Ctrl/Act key has no effect, if Shift is down.

Due to a feature of AIX, pressing or releasing the Ctrl/Act key is
ignored when the Shift, Alt or AltGr keys are held down.  This can
lead to the keyboard being "control-locked"--ordinary letters are
treated as control characters.

You can get out of this "control-locked" state by pressing and
releasing Ctrl/Act while not pressing or holding any other keys.

*** AIX 4.2: Emacs gets a segmentation fault at startup.

If you are using IBM's xlc compiler, compile emacs.c
without optimization; that should avoid the problem.

*** AIX: If linking fails because libXbsd isn't found, check if you
are compiling with the system's `cc' and CFLAGS containing `-O5'.  If
so, you have hit a compiler bug.  Please make sure to re-configure
Emacs so that it isn't compiled with `-O5'.

On a Sun, running Emacs on one machine with the X server on another
may not work if you have used the unshared system libraries.  This
is because the unshared libraries fail to use YP for host name lookup.
As a result, the host name you specify may not be recognized.

*** Emacs reports a BadAtom error (from X) running on Solaris 7 or 8.

This happens when Emacs was built on some other version of Solaris.
Rebuild it on Solaris 8.

*** On Solaris, CTRL-t is ignored by Emacs when you use
the fr.ISO-8859-15 locale (and maybe other related locales).

You can fix this by editing the file:

	Ctrl<T> <quotedbl> <Y>                  : "\276"        threequarters

Note the lower case <t>.  Changing this line should make C-t work.

*** When using M-x dbx with the SparcWorks debugger, the `up' and `down'
commands do not move the arrow in Emacs.

You can fix this by adding the following line to `~/.dbxinit':

 dbxenv output_short_file_name off

** Irix

*** Irix 5.2: unexelfsgi.c can't find cmplrs/stsupport.h.

The file cmplrs/stsupport.h was included in the wrong file set in the
Irix 5.2 distribution.  You can find it in the optional fileset
compiler_dev, or copy it from some other Irix 5.2 system.  A kludgy
workaround is to change unexelfsgi.c to include sym.h instead of
syms.h.

*** Irix 5.3: "out of virtual swap space".

This message occurs when the system runs out of swap space due to too
many large programs running.  The solution is either to provide more
swap space or to reduce the number of large programs being run.  You
can check the current status of the swap space by executing the
command `swap -l'.

You can increase swap space by changing the file /etc/fstab.  Adding a
line like this:

/usr/swap/swap.more     swap    swap    pri=3 0 0

where /usr/swap/swap.more is a file previously created (for instance
by using /etc/mkfile), will increase the swap space by the size of
that file.  Execute `swap -m' or reboot the machine to activate the
new swap area.  See the manpages for `swap' and `fstab' for further
information.

The objectserver daemon can use up lots of memory because it can be
swamped with NIS information.  It collects information about all users
on the network that can log on to the host.

If you want to disable the objectserver completely, you can execute
the command `chkconfig objectserver off' and reboot.  That may disable
some of the window system functionality, such as responding CDROM
icons.

You can also remove NIS support from the objectserver.  The SGI `admin'
FAQ has a detailed description on how to do that; see question 35
("Why isn't the objectserver working?").  The admin FAQ can be found at
ftp://viz.tamu.edu/pub/sgi/faq/.

*** Irix 5.3: Emacs crashes in utmpname.

This problem is fixed in Patch 3175 for Irix 5.3.
It is also fixed in Irix versions 6.2 and up.

*** Irix 6.0: Make tries (and fails) to build a program named unexelfsgi.

A compiler bug inserts spaces into the string "unexelfsgi . o"
in src/Makefile.  Edit src/Makefile, after configure is run,
find that string, and take out the spaces.

Compiler fixes in Irix 6.0.1 should eliminate this problem.

*** Irix 6.5: Emacs crashes on the SGI R10K, when compiled with GCC.

This seems to be fixed in GCC 2.95.

*** Trouble using ptys on IRIX, or running out of ptys.

The program mkpts (which may be in `/usr/adm' or `/usr/sbin') needs to
be set-UID to root, or non-root programs like Emacs will not be able
to allocate ptys reliably.

** SCO Unix and UnixWare

*** SCO 3.2v4: Unusable default font.

The Open Desktop environment comes with default X resource settings
that tell Emacs to use a variable-width font.  Emacs cannot use such
fonts, so it does not work.

This is caused by the file /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/ScoTerm, which is
the application-specific resource file for the `scoterm' terminal
emulator program.  It contains several extremely general X resources
that affect other programs besides `scoterm'.  In particular, these
resources affect Emacs also:

	*Font: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--12-*-p-*
	*Background:			scoBackground
	*Foreground:			scoForeground

The best solution is to create an application-specific resource file for
Emacs, /usr/lib/X11/sco/startup/Emacs, with the following contents:

	Emacs*Font:	-*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1
	Emacs*Background:	white
	Emacs*Foreground:	black

(These settings mimic the Emacs defaults, but you can change them to
suit your needs.)  This resource file is only read when the X server
starts up, so you should restart it by logging out of the Open Desktop
environment or by running `scologin stop; scologin start` from the shell
as root.  Alternatively, you can put these settings in the
/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Emacs resource file and simply restart Emacs,
but then they will not affect remote invocations of Emacs that use the
Open Desktop display.

These resource files are not normally shared across a network of SCO
machines; you must create the file on each machine individually.

*** Regular expressions matching bugs on SCO systems.

On SCO, there are problems in regexp matching when Emacs is compiled
with the system compiler.  The compiler version is "Microsoft C
version 6", SCO 4.2.0h Dev Sys Maintenance Supplement 01/06/93; Quick
C Compiler Version 1.00.46 (Beta).  The solution is to compile with
GCC.

*** UnixWare 2.1: Error 12 (virtual memory exceeded) when dumping Emacs.

Paul Abrahams ([e-mail]) reports that with the installed
virtual memory settings for UnixWare 2.1.2, an Error 12 occurs during
the "make" that builds Emacs, when running temacs to dump emacs.  That
error indicates that the per-process virtual memory limit has been
exceeded.  The default limit is probably 32MB.  Raising the virtual
memory limit to 40MB should make it possible to finish building Emacs.

You can do this with the command `ulimit' (sh) or `limit' (csh).
But you have to be root to do it.

According to Martin Sohnius, you can also retune this in the kernel:

    # /etc/conf/bin/idtune SDATLIM 33554432         ## soft data size limit
    # /etc/conf/bin/idtune HDATLIM 33554432         ## hard "
    # /etc/conf/bin/idtune SVMMSIZE unlimited       ## soft process size limit
    # /etc/conf/bin/idtune HVMMSIZE unlimited       ## hard "
    # /etc/conf/bin/idbuild -B

(He recommends you not change the stack limit, though.)
These changes take effect when you reboot.

* Runtime problems specific to MS-Windows

** Emacs exits with "X protocol error" when run with an X server for MS-Windows.

The %b specifier for format-time-string does not produce abbreviated
month names with consistent widths for some locales on some versions
of Windows. This is caused by a deficiency in the underlying system
library function.

** Problems running Perl under Emacs on MS-Windows NT/95.

`perl -de 0' just hangs when executed in an Emacs subshell.
The fault lies with Perl (indirectly with Windows NT/95).

The problem is that the Perl debugger explicitly opens a connection to

    !     $console = "";
	  $rcfile="perldb.ini";
      }
      else {

** On MS-Windows 95, Alt-f6 does not get through to Emacs.

This character seems to be trapped by the kernel in Windows 95.
You can enter M-f6 by typing ESC f6.

** Typing Alt-Shift has strange effects on MS-Windows.

This combination of keys is a command to change keyboard layout.  If
you proceed to type another non-modifier key before you let go of Alt
and Shift, the Alt and Shift act as modifiers in the usual way.  A
more permanent work around is to change it to another key combination,
or disable it in the keyboard control panel.

** Interrupting Cygwin port of Bash from Emacs doesn't work.

Cygwin 1.x builds of the ported Bash cannot be interrupted from the
MS-Windows version of Emacs.  This is due to some change in the Bash
port or in the Cygwin library which apparently make Bash ignore the
keyboard interrupt event sent by Emacs to Bash.  (Older Cygwin ports
of Bash, up to b20.1, did receive SIGINT from Emacs.)

** Accessing remote files with ange-ftp hangs the MS-Windows version of Emacs.

If the FTP client is the Cygwin port of GNU `ftp', this appears to be
due to some bug in the Cygwin DLL or some incompatibility between it
and the implementation of asynchronous subprocesses in the Windows
port of Emacs.  Specifically, some parts of the FTP server responses
are not flushed out, apparently due to buffering issues, which
confuses ange-ftp.

The solution is to downgrade to an older version of the Cygwin DLL
(version 1.3.2 was reported to solve the problem), or use the stock
Windows FTP client, usually found in the `C:\WINDOWS' or 'C:\WINNT'
directory.  To force ange-ftp use the stock Windows client, set the
variable `ange-ftp-ftp-program-name' to the absolute file name of the
client's executable.  For example:

 (setq ange-ftp-ftp-program-name "c:/windows/ftp.exe")

If you want to stick with the Cygwin FTP client, you can work around
this problem by putting this in your `.emacs' file:

 (setq ange-ftp-ftp-program-args '("-i" "-n" "-g" "-v" "--prompt" "")

** lpr commands don't work on MS-Windows with some cheap printers.

This problem may also strike other platforms, but the solution is
likely to be a global one, and not Emacs specific.

Many cheap inkjet, and even some cheap laser printers, do not
print plain text anymore, they will only print through graphical
printer drivers. A workaround on MS-Windows is to use Windows' basic
built in editor to print (this is possibly the only useful purpose it
has):

(setq printer-name "")         ;; notepad takes the default
(setq lpr-command "notepad")   ;; notepad
(setq lpr-switches nil)        ;; not needed
(setq lpr-printer-switch "/P") ;; run notepad as batch printer

** Antivirus software interacts badly with the MS-Windows version of Emacs.

The usual manifestation of these problems is that subprocesses don't
work or even wedge the entire system.  In particular, "M-x shell RET"
was reported to fail to work.  But other commands also sometimes don't
work when an antivirus package is installed.

The solution is to switch the antivirus software to a less aggressive
mode (e.g., disable the ``auto-protect'' feature), or even uninstall
or disable it entirely.

** On MS-Windows 95/98/ME, subprocesses do not terminate properly.

This is a limitation of the Operating System, and can cause problems
when shutting down Windows. Ensure that all subprocesses are exited
cleanly before exiting Emacs. For more details, see the FAQ at
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/.

** MS-Windows 95/98/ME crashes when Emacs invokes non-existent programs.

When a program you are trying to run is not found on the PATH,
Windows might respond by crashing or locking up your system.  In
particular, this has been reported when trying to compile a Java
program in JDEE when javac.exe is installed, but not on the system
PATH.

** Pressing the mouse button on MS-Windows does not give a mouse-2 event.

This is usually a problem with the mouse driver. Because most Windows
programs do not do anything useful with the middle mouse button, many
mouse drivers allow you to define the wheel press to do something
different. Some drivers do not even have the option to generate a
middle button press. In such cases, setting the wheel press to
"scroll" sometimes works if you press the button twice. Trying a
generic mouse driver might help.

** Scrolling the mouse wheel on MS-Windows always scrolls the top window.

This is another common problem with mouse drivers. Instead of
generating scroll events, some mouse drivers try to fake scroll bar
movement. But they are not intelligent enough to handle multiple
scroll bars within a frame. Trying a generic mouse driver might help.

** Mail sent through Microsoft Exchange in some encodings appears to be
mangled and is not seen correctly in Rmail or Gnus.  We don't know
exactly what happens, but it isn't an Emacs problem in cases we've
seen.

** On MS-Windows, you cannot use the right-hand ALT key and the left-hand
CTRL key together to type a Control-Meta character.

This is a consequence of a misfeature beyond Emacs's control.

Under Windows, the AltGr key on international keyboards generates key
events with the modifiers Right-Alt and Left-Ctrl.  Since Emacs cannot
distinguish AltGr from an explicit Right-Alt and Left-Ctrl
combination, whenever it sees Right-Alt and Left-Ctrl it assumes that
AltGr has been pressed.  The variable `w32-recognize-altgr' can be set
to nil to tell Emacs that AltGr is really Ctrl and Alt.

** Under some X-servers running on MS-Windows, Emacs' display is incorrect.

The symptoms are that Emacs does not completely erase blank areas of the
screen during scrolling or some other screen operations (e.g., selective
display or when killing a region).  M-x recenter will cause the screen
to be completely redisplayed and the "extra" characters will disappear.

This is known to occur under Exceed 6, and possibly earlier versions
as well; it is reportedly solved in version 6.2.0.16 and later.  The
problem lies in the X-server settings.

There are reports that you can solve the problem with Exceed by
running `Xconfig' from within NT, choosing "X selection", then
un-checking the boxes "auto-copy X selection" and "auto-paste to X
selection".

Of this does not work, please inform [e-mail].  Then
please call support for your X-server and see if you can get a fix.
If you do, please send it to [e-mail] so we can list it
here.

* Build-time problems

** Configuration

*** The `configure' script doesn't find the jpeg library.

There are reports that this happens on some systems because the linker
by default only looks for shared libraries, but jpeg distribution by
default only installs a nonshared version of the library, `libjpeg.a'.

If this is the problem, you can configure the jpeg library with the
`--enable-shared' option and then rebuild libjpeg.  This produces a
shared version of libjpeg, which you need to install.  Finally, rerun
the Emacs configure script, which should now find the jpeg library.
Alternatively, modify the generated src/Makefile to link the .a file
explicitly, and edit src/config.h to define HAVE_JPEG.

*** AIX: You get this compiler error message:

    Processing include file ./XMenuInt.h
        1501-106: (S) Include file X11/Xlib.h not found.

This means your system was installed with only the X11 runtime i.d
libraries.  You have to find your sipo (bootable tape) and install
X11Dev... with smit.

** Compilation

*** Building Emacs over NFS fails with ``Text file busy''.

This was reported to happen when building Emacs on a GNU/Linux system
(RedHat Linux 6.2) using a build directory automounted from Solaris
(SunOS 5.6) file server, but it might not be limited to that
configuration alone.  Presumably, the NFS server doesn't commit the
files' data to disk quickly enough, and the Emacs executable file is
left ``busy'' for several seconds after Emacs has finished dumping
itself.  This causes the subsequent commands which invoke the dumped
Emacs executable to fail with the above message.

In some of these cases, a time skew between the NFS server and the
machine where Emacs is built is detected and reported by GNU Make
(it says that some of the files have modification time in the future).
This might be a symptom of NFS-related problems.

If the NFS server runs on Solaris, apply the Solaris patch 105379-05
(Sunos 5.6: /kernel/misc/nfssrv patch).  If that doesn't work, or if
you have a different version of the OS or the NFS server, you can
force the NFS server to use 1KB blocks, which was reported to fix the
problem albeit at a price of slowing down file I/O.  You can force 1KB
blocks by specifying the "-o  rsize=1024,wsize=1024" options to the
`mount' command, or by adding ",rsize=1024,wsize=1024" to the mount
options in the appropriate system configuration file, such as
`/etc/auto.home'.

Alternatively, when Make fails due to this problem, you could wait for
a few seconds and then invoke Make again.  In one particular case,
waiting for 10 or more seconds between the two Make invocations seemed
to work around the problem.

Similar problems can happen if your machine NFS-mounts a directory
onto itself.  Suppose the Emacs sources live in `/usr/local/src' and
you are working on the host called `marvin'.  Then an entry in the
`/etc/fstab' file like the following is asking for trouble:

    marvin:/usr/local/src /usr/local/src ...options.omitted...

The solution is to remove this line from `etc/fstab'.

*** Building Emacs with GCC 2.9x fails in the `src' directory.

This may happen if you use a development version of GNU `cpp' from one
of the GCC snapshots between Oct 2000 and Feb 2001, or from a released
version of GCC newer than 2.95.2 which was prepared around those
dates; similar problems were reported with some snapshots of GCC 3.1
around Sep 30 2001.  The preprocessor in those versions is
incompatible with a traditional Unix cpp (e.g., it expands ".." into
". .", which breaks relative file names that reference the parent
directory; or inserts TAB characters before lines that set Make
variables).

The solution is to make sure the preprocessor is run with the
`-traditional' option.  The `configure' script does that automatically
when it detects the known problems in your cpp, but you might hit some
unknown ones.  To force the `configure' script to use `-traditional',
run the script like this:

  CPP='gcc -E -traditional' ./configure ...

(replace the ellipsis "..." with any additional arguments you pass to
the script).

Note that this problem does not pertain to the MS-Windows port of
Emacs, since it doesn't use the preprocessor to generate Makefiles.

*** src/Makefile and lib-src/Makefile are truncated--most of the file missing.
*** Compiling wakeup, in lib-src, says it can't make wakeup.c.

This can happen if configure uses GNU sed version 2.03.  That version
had a bug.  GNU sed version 2.05 works properly.To solve the
problem, install the current version of GNU Sed, then rerun Emacs's
configure script.

*** Compiling lib-src says there is no rule to make test-distrib.c.

This results from a bug in a VERY old version of GNU Sed.  To solve
the problem, install the current version of GNU Sed, then rerun
Emacs's configure script.

*** Building the MS-Windows port with Cygwin GCC can fail.

Emacs may not build using recent Cygwin builds of GCC, such as Cygwin
version 1.1.8, using the default configure settings.  It appears to be
necessary to specify the -mwin32 flag when compiling, and define
__MSVCRT__, like so:

  configure --with-gcc --cflags -mwin32 --cflags -D__MSVCRT__

*** Building the MS-Windows port fails with a CreateProcess failure.

Some versions of mingw32 make on some versions of Windows do not seem
to detect the shell correctly. Try "make SHELL=cmd.exe", or if that
fails, try running make from Cygwin bash instead.

*** Building the MS-Windows port with Leim fails in the `leim' directory.

The error message might be something like this:

 Converting d:/emacs-21.3/leim/CXTERM-DIC/4Corner.tit to quail-package...
 Invalid ENCODE: value in TIT dictionary
 NMAKE : fatal error U1077: '"../src/obj-spd/i386/emacs.exe"' : return code
       '0xffffffff'
 Stop.

This can happen if the Leim distribution is unpacked with a program
which converts the `*.tit' files to DOS-style CR-LF text format.  The
`*.tit' files in the leim/CXTERM-DIC directory require Unix-style line
endings to compile properly, because Emacs reads them without any code
or EOL conversions.

The solution is to make sure the program used to unpack Leim does not
change the files' line endings behind your back.  The GNU FTP site has
in the `/gnu/emacs/windows' directory a program called `djtarnt.exe'
which can be used to unpack `.tar.gz' and `.zip' archives without
mangling them.

*** Building `ctags' for MS-Windows with the MinGW port of GCC fails.

This might happen due to a bug in the MinGW header assert.h, which
defines the `assert' macro with a trailing semi-colon.  The following
patch to assert.h should solve this:

*** include/assert.h.orig	Sun Nov  7 02:41:36 1999
--- include/assert.h	Mon Jan 29 11:49:10 2001
***************
*** 41,47 ****
  /*
   * If not debugging, assert does nothing.
   */
! #define assert(x)	((void)0);

  #else /* debugging enabled */

--- 41,47 ----
  /*
   * If not debugging, assert does nothing.
   */
! #define assert(x)	((void)0)

  #else /* debugging enabled */


** Linking

*** Building Emacs with a system compiler fails to link because of an
undefined symbol such as __eprintf which does not appear in Emacs.

This can happen if some of the libraries linked into Emacs were built
with GCC, but Emacs itself is being linked with a compiler other than
GCC.  Object files compiled with GCC might need some helper functions
from libgcc.a, the library which comes with GCC, but the system
compiler does not instruct the linker to search libgcc.a during the
link stage.

A solution is to link with GCC, like this:

  	make CC=gcc

Since the .o object files already exist, this will not recompile Emacs
with GCC, but just restart by trying again to link temacs.

*** AIX 1.3 ptf 0013: Link failure.

There is a real duplicate definition of the function `_slibc_free' in
the library /lib/libc_s.a (just do nm on it to verify).  The
workaround/fix is:

    cd /lib
    ar xv libc_s.a NLtmtime.o
    ar dv libc_s.a NLtmtime.o

*** AIX 4.1.2: Linker error messages such as
  ld: 0711-212 SEVERE ERROR: Symbol .__quous, found in the global symbol table
	of archive /usr/lib/libIM.a, was not defined in archive member shr.o.

This is a problem in libIM.a.  You can work around it by executing
these shell commands in the src subdirectory of the directory where
you build Emacs:

    cp /usr/lib/libIM.a .
    chmod 664 libIM.a
    ranlib libIM.a

Then change -lIM to ./libIM.a in the command to link temacs (in
Makefile).

*** Sun with acc: Link failure when using acc on a Sun.

To use acc, you need additional options just before the libraries, such as

   /usr/lang/SC2.0.1/values-Xt.o -L/usr/lang/SC2.0.1/cg87 -L/usr/lang/SC2.0.1

and you need to add -lansi just before -lc.

The precise file names depend on the compiler version, so we
cannot easily arrange to supply them.

*** Linking says that the functions insque and remque are undefined.

Change oldXMenu/Makefile by adding insque.o to the variable OBJS.

*** `tparam' reported as a multiply-defined symbol when linking with ncurses.

This problem results from an incompatible change in ncurses, in
version 1.9.9e approximately.  This version is unable to provide a
definition of tparm without also defining tparam.  This is also
incompatible with Terminfo; as a result, the Emacs Terminfo support
does not work with this version of ncurses.

The fix is to install a newer version of ncurses, such as version 4.2.

** Dumping

*** Linux: Segfault during `make bootstrap' under certain recent versions of the Linux kernel.

With certain recent Linux kernels (like the one of Redhat Fedora Core
1), the new "Exec-shield" functionality is enabled by default, which
creates a different memory layout that breaks the emacs dumper.

You can check the Exec-shield state like this:

    cat /proc/sys/kernel/exec-shield

It returns 1 or 2 when Exec-shield is enabled, 0 otherwise.  Please
read your system documentation for more details on Exec-shield and
associated commands.

When Exec-shield is enabled, building Emacs will segfault during the
execution of this command:

temacs --batch --load loadup [dump|bootstrap]

To work around this problem, it is necessary to temporarily disable
Exec-shield while building Emacs, using the `setarch' command like
this:

    setarch i386 ./configure <configure parameters>
    setarch i386 make <make parameters>

*** Fatal signal in the command  temacs -l loadup inc dump.

This command is the final stage of building Emacs.  It is run by the
Makefile in the src subdirectory, or by build.com on VMS.

It has been known to get fatal errors due to insufficient swapping
space available on the machine.

On 68000s, it has also happened because of bugs in the
subroutine `alloca'.  Verify that `alloca' works right, even
for large blocks (many pages).

*** test-distrib says that the distribution has been clobbered.
*** or, temacs prints "Command key out of range 0-127".
*** or, temacs runs and dumps emacs, but emacs totally fails to work.
*** or, temacs gets errors dumping emacs.

This can be because the .elc files have been garbled.  Do not be
fooled by the fact that most of a .elc file is text: these are
binary files and can contain all 256 byte values.

In particular `shar' cannot be used for transmitting GNU Emacs.
It typically truncates "lines".  What appear to be "lines" in
a binary file can of course be of any length.  Even once `shar'
itself is made to work correctly, `sh' discards null characters
when unpacking the shell archive.

I have also seen character \177 changed into \377.  I do not know
what transfer means caused this problem.  Various network
file transfer programs are suspected of clobbering the high bit.

If you have a copy of Emacs that has been damaged in its
nonprinting characters, you can fix them:

 1) Record the names of all the .elc files.
 2) Delete all the .elc files.
 3) Recompile alloc.c with a value of PURESIZE twice as large.
     (See puresize.h.)  You might as well save the old alloc.o.
 4) Remake emacs.  It should work now.
 5) Running emacs, do Meta-x byte-compile-file repeatedly
  to recreate all the .elc files that used to exist.
  You may need to increase the value of the variable
  max-lisp-eval-depth to succeed in running the compiler interpreted
  on certain .el files.  400 was sufficient as of last report.
 6) Reinstall the old alloc.o (undoing changes to alloc.c if any)
  and remake temacs.
 7) Remake emacs.  It should work now, with valid .elc files.

*** temacs prints "Pure Lisp storage exhausted".

This means that the Lisp code loaded from the .elc and .el
files during  temacs -l loadup inc dump  took up more
space than was allocated.

This could be caused by
 1) adding code to the preloaded Lisp files
 2) adding more preloaded files in loadup.el
 3) having a site-init.el or site-load.el which loads files.
   Note that ANY site-init.el or site-load.el is nonstandard;
   if you have received Emacs from some other site
   and it contains a site-init.el or site-load.el file, consider
   deleting that file.
 4) getting the wrong .el or .elc files
   (not from the directory you expected).
 5) deleting some .elc files that are supposed to exist.
   This would cause the source files (.el files) to be
   loaded instead.  They take up more room, so you lose.
 6) a bug in the Emacs distribution which underestimates
   the space required.

If the need for more space is legitimate, change the definition
of PURESIZE in puresize.h.

But in some of the cases listed above, this problem is a consequence
of something else that is wrong.  Be sure to check and fix the real
problem.

*** Linux: Emacs crashes when dumping itself on Mac PPC running Yellow Dog GNU/Linux.

The crashes happen inside the function Fmake_symbol; here's a typical
C backtrace printed by GDB:

  0x190c0c0 in Fmake_symbol ()
  (gdb) where
  #0  0x190c0c0 in Fmake_symbol ()
  #1  0x1942ca4 in init_obarray ()
  #2  0x18b3500 in main ()
  #3  0x114371c in __libc_start_main (argc=5, argv=0x7ffff5b4, envp=0x7ffff5cc,

This could happen because GCC version 2.95 and later changed the base
of the load address to 0x10000000.  Emacs needs to be told about this,
but we currently cannot do that automatically, because that breaks
other versions of GNU/Linux on the MacPPC.  Until we find a way to
distinguish between the Yellow Dog and the other varieties of
GNU/Linux systems on the PPC, you will have to manually uncomment the
following section near the end of the file src/m/macppc.h in the Emacs
distribution:

  #if 0  /* This breaks things on PPC GNU/Linux except for Yellowdog,
	    even with identical GCC, as, ld.  Let's take it out until we
	    know what's really going on here.  */
  /* GCC 2.95 and newer on GNU/Linux PPC changed the load address to
     0x10000000.  */
  #if defined __linux__
  #if __GNUC__ > 2 || (__GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 95)
  #define DATA_SEG_BITS  0x10000000
  #endif
  #endif
  #endif /* 0 */

Remove the "#if 0" and "#endif" directives which surround this, save
the file, and then reconfigure and rebuild Emacs.  The dumping process
should now succeed.

*** HPUX 10.20: Emacs crashes during dumping on the HPPA machine.

This seems to be due to a GCC bug; it is fixed in GCC 2.8.1.

** Installation

*** Installing Emacs gets an error running `install-info'.

You need to install a recent version of Texinfo; that package
supplies the `install-info' command.

** First execution

*** Emacs binary is not in executable format, and cannot be run.

This was reported to happen when Emacs is built in a directory mounted
via NFS, for some combinations of NFS client and NFS server.
Usually, the file `emacs' produced in these cases is full of
binary null characters, and the `file' utility says:

    emacs: ASCII text, with no line terminators

We don't know what exactly causes this failure.  A work-around is to
build Emacs in a directory on a local disk.

*** The dumped Emacs crashes when run, trying to write pure data.

Two causes have been seen for such problems.

1) On a system where getpagesize is not a system call, it is defined
as a macro.  If the definition (in both unexec.c and malloc.c) is wrong,
it can cause problems like this.  You might be able to find the correct
value in the man page for a.out (5).

2) Some systems allocate variables declared static among the
initialized variables.  Emacs makes all initialized variables in most
of its files pure after dumping, but the variables declared static and
not initialized are not supposed to be pure.  On these systems you
may need to add "#define static" to the m- or the s- file.

* Emacs 19 problems

** Error messages `Wrong number of arguments: #<subr where-is-internal>, 5'.

This typically results from having the powerkey library loaded.
Powerkey was designed for Emacs 19.22.  It is obsolete now because
Emacs 19 now has this feature built in; and powerkey also calls
where-is-internal in an obsolete way.

So the fix is to arrange not to load powerkey.

* Runtime problems on legacy systems

This section covers bugs reported on very old hardware or software.
If you are using hardware and an operating system shipped after 2000,
it is unlikely you will see any of these.

** Ancient operating systems

*** ISC Unix

**** ISC: display-time causes kernel problems on ISC systems.

Under Interactive Unix versions 3.0.1 and 4.0 (and probably other
versions), display-time causes the loss of large numbers of STREVENT
cells.  Eventually the kernel's supply of these cells is exhausted.
This makes emacs and the whole system run slow, and can make other
processes die, in particular pcnfsd.

Other emacs functions that communicate with remote processes may have
the same problem.  Display-time seems to be far the worst.

The only known fix: Don't run display-time.

*** SunOS

**** Sun 4.0.x: M-x shell persistently reports "Process shell exited abnormally with code 1".

This happened on Suns as a result of what is said to be a bug in Sunos
version 4.0.x.  The only fix was to reboot the machine.

**** SunOS4.1.1 and SunOS4.1.3: Mail is lost when sent to local aliases.

Many emacs mail user agents (VM and rmail, for instance) use the
sendmail.el library.  This library can arrange for mail to be
delivered by passing messages to the /usr/lib/sendmail (usually)
program .  In doing so, it passes the '-t' flag to sendmail, which
means that the name of the recipient of the message is not on the
command line and, therefore, that sendmail must parse the message to
obtain the destination address.

There is a bug in the SunOS4.1.1 and SunOS4.1.3 versions of sendmail.
In short, when given the -t flag, the SunOS sendmail won't recognize
non-local (i.e. NIS) aliases.  It has been reported that the Solaris
2.x versions of sendmail do not have this bug.  For those using SunOS
4.1, the best fix is to install sendmail V8 or IDA sendmail (which
have other advantages over the regular sendmail as well).  At the time
of this writing, these official versions are available:

 Sendmail V8 on ftp.cs.berkeley.edu in /ucb/sendmail:
   sendmail.8.6.9.base.tar.Z (the base system source & documentation)
   sendmail.8.6.9.cf.tar.Z   (configuration files)
   sendmail.8.6.9.misc.tar.Z (miscellaneous support programs)
   sendmail.8.6.9.xdoc.tar.Z (extended documentation, with postscript)

 IDA sendmail on vixen.cso.uiuc.edu in /pub:
   sendmail-5.67b+IDA-1.5.tar.gz

**** Sunos 5.3: Subprocesses remain, hanging but not zombies.

A bug in Sunos 5.3 causes Emacs subprocesses to remain after Emacs
exits.  Sun patch # 101415-02 is part of the fix for this, but it only
applies to ptys, and doesn't fix the problem with subprocesses
communicating through pipes.

**** Sunos 4: You get the error ld: Undefined symbol __lib_version.

This is the result of using cc or gcc with the shared library meant
for acc (the Sunpro compiler).  Check your LD_LIBRARY_PATH and delete
/usr/lang/SC2.0.1 or some similar directory.

**** SunOS 4.1.3: Emacs unpredictably crashes in _yp_dobind_soft.

This happens if you configure Emacs specifying just `sparc-sun-sunos4'
on a system that is version 4.1.3.  You must specify the precise
version number (or let configure figure out the configuration, which
it can do perfectly well for SunOS).

**** Sunos 4.1.3: Emacs gets hung shortly after startup.

We think this is due to a bug in Sunos.  The word is that
one of these Sunos patches fixes the bug:

100075-11  100224-06  100347-03  100482-05  100557-02  100623-03  100804-03  101080-01
100103-12  100249-09             100496-02  100564-07  100630-02  100891-10  101134-01
100170-09  100296-04  100377-09  100507-04  100567-04  100650-02  101070-01  101145-01
100173-10  100305-15  100383-06  100513-04  100570-05  100689-01  101071-03  101200-02
100178-09  100338-05  100421-03  100536-02  100584-05  100784-01  101072-01  101207-01

We don't know which of these patches really matter.  If you find out
which ones, please inform [e-mail].

**** SunOS 4: Emacs processes keep going after you kill the X server
(or log out, if you logged in using X).

Someone reported that recompiling with GCC 2.7.0 fixed this problem.

**** SunOS: You get linker errors
   ld: Undefined symbol
      _get_wmShellWidgetClass
      _get_applicationShellWidgetClass

The fix to this is to install patch 100573 for OpenWindows 3.0
or link libXmu statically.

*** Apollo Domain

**** Shell mode ignores interrupts on Apollo Domain.

You may find that M-x shell prints the following message:

   Warning: no access to tty; thus no job control in this shell...

This can happen if there are not enough ptys on your system.
Here is how to make more of them.

    % cd /dev
    % ls pty*
    # shows how many pty's you have. I had 8, named pty0 to pty7)
    % /etc/crpty 8
    # creates eight new pty's

*** Irix

*** Irix 6.2: No visible display on mips-sgi-irix6.2 when compiling with GCC 2.8.1.

This problem went away after installing the latest IRIX patches
as of 8 Dec 1998.

The same problem has been reported on Irix 6.3.

*** Irix 6.3: substituting environment variables in file names
in the minibuffer gives peculiar error messages such as

   Substituting nonexistent environment variable ""

This is not an Emacs bug; it is caused by something in SGI patch
003082 August 11, 1998.

*** OPENSTEP

**** OPENSTEP 4.2: Compiling syntax.c with gcc 2.7.2.1 fails.

The compiler was reported to crash while compiling syntax.c with the
following message:

   cc: Internal compiler error: program cc1obj got fatal signal 11

To work around this, replace the macros UPDATE_SYNTAX_TABLE_FORWARD,
INC_BOTH, and INC_FROM with functions.  To this end, first define 3
functions, one each for every macro.  Here's an example:

    static int update_syntax_table_forward(int from)
    {
        return(UPDATE_SYNTAX_TABLE_FORWARD(from));
    }/*update_syntax_table_forward*/

Then replace all references to UPDATE_SYNTAX_TABLE_FORWARD in syntax.c
with a call to the function update_syntax_table_forward.

*** Solaris 2.x

**** Strange results from format %d in a few cases, on a Sun.

Sun compiler version SC3.0 has been found to miscompile part of
editfns.c.  The workaround is to compile with some other compiler such
as GCC.

**** On Solaris, Emacs dumps core if lisp-complete-symbol is called.

If you compile Emacs with the -fast or -xO4 option with version 3.0.2
of the Sun C compiler, Emacs dumps core when lisp-complete-symbol is
called.  The problem does not happen if you compile with GCC.

**** On Solaris, Emacs crashes if you use (display-time).

This can happen if you configure Emacs without specifying the precise
version of Solaris that you are using.

**** Solaris 2.3 and 2.4: Unpredictable segmentation faults.

A user reported that this happened in 19.29 when it was compiled with
the Sun compiler, but not when he recompiled with GCC 2.7.0.

We do not know whether something in Emacs is partly to blame for this.

**** Solaris 2.4: Emacs dumps core on startup.

Bill Sebok says that the cause of this is Solaris 2.4 vendor patch
102303-05, which extends the Solaris linker to deal with the Solaris
Common Desktop Environment's linking needs.  You can fix the problem
by removing this patch and installing patch 102049-02 instead.
However, that linker version won't work with CDE.

Solaris 2.5 comes with a linker that has this bug.  It is reported that if
you install all the latest patches (as of June 1996), the bug is fixed.
We suspect the crucial patch is one of these, but we don't know
for certain.

        103093-03: [README] SunOS 5.5: kernel patch (2140557 bytes)
        102832-01: [README] OpenWindows 3.5: Xview Jumbo Patch (4181613 bytes)
	103242-04: [README] SunOS 5.5: linker patch (595363 bytes)

(One user reports that the bug was fixed by those patches together
with patches 102980-04, 103279-01, 103300-02, and 103468-01.)

If you can determine which patch does fix the bug, please tell
[e-mail].

Meanwhile, the GNU linker links Emacs properly on both Solaris 2.4 and
Solaris 2.5.

**** Solaris 2.4: Dired hangs and C-g does not work.  Or Emacs hangs
forever waiting for termination of a subprocess that is a zombie.

[e-mail] says the problem is in X11R6.  Rebuild libX11.so
after changing the file xc/config/cf/sunLib.tmpl.  Change the lines

    #if ThreadedX
    #define SharedX11Reqs -lthread
    #endif

to:

    #if OSMinorVersion < 4
    #if ThreadedX
    #define SharedX11Reqs -lthread
    #endif
    #endif

Be sure also to edit x/config/cf/sun.cf so that OSMinorVersion is 4
(as it should be for Solaris 2.4).  The file has three definitions for
OSMinorVersion: the first is for x86, the second for SPARC under
Solaris, and the third for SunOS 4.  Make sure to update the
definition for your type of machine and system.

Then do `make Everything' in the top directory of X11R6, to rebuild
the makefiles and rebuild X.  The X built this way work only on
Solaris 2.4, not on 2.3.

For multithreaded X to work it is necessary to install patch
101925-02 to fix problems in header files [2.4].  You need
to reinstall gcc or re-run just-fixinc after installing that
patch.

However, Frank Rust <[e-mail]> used a simpler solution:
he changed
    #define ThreadedX          YES
to
    #define ThreadedX          NO
in sun.cf and did `make World' to rebuild X11R6.  Removing all
`-DXTHREAD*' flags and `-lthread' entries from lib/X11/Makefile and
typing 'make install' in that directory also seemed to work.

**** Solaris 2.x: GCC complains "64 bit integer types not supported".

This suggests that GCC is not installed correctly.  Most likely you
are using GCC 2.7.2.3 (or earlier) on Solaris 2.6 (or later); this
does not work without patching.  To run GCC 2.7.2.3 on Solaris 2.6 or
later, you must patch fixinc.svr4 and reinstall GCC from scratch as
described in the Solaris FAQ
<http://www.wins.uva.nl/pub/solaris/solaris2.html>.  A better fix is
to upgrade to GCC 2.8.1 or later.

**** Solaris 2.7: Building Emacs with WorkShop Compilers 5.0 98/12/15
C 5.0 failed, apparently with non-default CFLAGS, most probably due to
compiler bugs.  Using Sun Solaris 2.7 Sun WorkShop 6 update 1 C
release was reported to work without problems.  It worked OK on
another system with Solaris 8 using apparently the same 5.0 compiler
and the default CFLAGS.

**** Solaris 2.x: Emacs dumps core when built with Motif.

The Solaris Motif libraries are buggy, at least up through Solaris 2.5.1.
Install the current Motif runtime library patch appropriate for your host.
(Make sure the patch is current; some older patch versions still have the bug.)
You should install the other patches recommended by Sun for your host, too.
You can obtain Sun patches from ftp://sunsolve.sun.com/pub/patches/;
look for files with names ending in `.PatchReport' to see which patches
are currently recommended for your host.

On Solaris 2.6, Emacs is said to work with Motif when Solaris patch
105284-12 is installed, but fail when 105284-15 is installed.
105284-18 might fix it again.

*** Solaris 2.6 and 7: the Compose key does not work.

This is a bug in Motif in Solaris.  Supposedly it has been fixed for
the next major release of Solaris.  However, if someone with Sun
support complains to Sun about the bug, they may release a patch.
If you do this, mention Sun bug #4188711.

One workaround is to use a locale that allows non-ASCII characters.
For example, before invoking emacs, set the LC_ALL environment
variable to "en_US" (American English).  The directory /usr/lib/locale
lists the supported locales; any locale other than "C" or "POSIX"
should do.

[e-mail] says (Feb 1998) that the Compose key does work
if you link with the MIT X11 libraries instead of the Solaris X11
libraries.

*** Ultrix and Digital Unix

**** Ultrix 4.2: `make install' fails on install-doc with `Error 141'.

This happens on Ultrix 4.2 due to failure of a pipeline of tar
commands.  We don't know why they fail, but the bug seems not to be in
Emacs.  The workaround is to run the shell command in install-doc by
hand.

**** Digital Unix 4.0: Garbled display on non-X terminals when Emacs runs.

So far it appears that running `tset' triggers this problem (when TERM
is vt100, at least).  If you do not run `tset', then Emacs displays
properly.  If someone can tell us precisely which effect of running
`tset' actually causes the problem, we may be able to implement a fix
in Emacs.

**** Ultrix: `expand-file-name' fails to work on any but the machine you dumped Emacs on.

On Ultrix, if you use any of the functions which look up information
in the passwd database before dumping Emacs (say, by using
expand-file-name in site-init.el), then those functions will not work
in the dumped Emacs on any host but the one Emacs was dumped on.

The solution?  Don't use expand-file-name in site-init.el, or in
anything it loads.  Yuck - some solution.

I'm not sure why this happens; if you can find out exactly what is
going on, and perhaps find a fix or a workaround, please let us know.
Perhaps the YP functions cache some information, the cache is included
in the dumped Emacs, and is then inaccurate on any other host.

*** SVr4

**** SVr4: On some variants of SVR4, Emacs does not work at all with X.

Try defining BROKEN_FIONREAD in your config.h file.  If this solves
the problem, please send a bug report to tell us this is needed; be
sure to say exactly what type of machine and system you are using.

**** SVr4: After running emacs once, subsequent invocations crash.

Some versions of SVR4 have a serious bug in the implementation of the
mmap () system call in the kernel; this causes emacs to run correctly
the first time, and then crash when run a second time.

Contact your vendor and ask for the mmap bug fix; in the mean time,
you may be able to work around the problem by adding a line to your
operating system description file (whose name is reported by the
configure script) that reads:
#define SYSTEM_MALLOC
This makes Emacs use memory less efficiently, but seems to work around
the kernel bug.

*** Linux 1.x

**** Linux 1.0-1.04: Typing C-c C-c in Shell mode kills your X server.

This happens with Linux kernel 1.0 thru 1.04, approximately.  The workaround is
to define SIGNALS_VIA_CHARACTERS in config.h and recompile Emacs.
Newer Linux kernel versions don't have this problem.

**** Linux 1.3: Output from subprocess (such as man or diff) is randomly
truncated on GNU/Linux systems.

This is due to a kernel bug which seems to be fixed in Linux version
1.3.75.

** MS-DOS

*** When compiling with DJGPP on MS-Windows NT, "config msdos" fails.

toolkit.)

If you get the additional error that the linker could not find
lib_version.o, try extracting it from X11/usr/lib/X11/libvim.a in
X11R4, then use it in the link.

** VMS: Compilation errors on VMS.

You will get warnings when compiling on VMS because there are
variable names longer than 32 (or whatever it is) characters.

89971:cce1c0ee76ee

This file describes various problems that have been encountered
in compiling, installing and running GNU Emacs.  Try doing Ctl-C Ctl-t
and browsing through the outline headers.

* Mule-UCS doesn't work in Emacs 22.

It's completely redundant now, as far as we know.

prevent the problem by using a suitable shell command (often `ulimit')
to raise the stack size limit before you run Emacs.

Patches to raise the stack size limit automatically in `main'
(src/emacs.c) on various systems would be greatly appreciated.

** Error message `Symbol's value as variable is void: x', followed by
a segmentation fault and core dump.

This has been tracked to a bug in tar!  People report that tar erroneously

To check thoroughly for such resource specifications, use `xrdb
-query' to see what resources the X server records, and also look at
the user's ~/.Xdefaults and ~/.Xdefaults-* files.

*** Emacs running under X Windows does not handle mouse clicks.
*** `emacs -geometry 80x20' finds a file named `80x20'.

One cause of such problems is having (setq term-file-prefix nil) in
your .emacs file.  Another cause is a bad value of EMACSLOADPATH in

does not get a response from the server within a timeout whose default
value is just ten seconds.

If this happens to you, extend the timeout period.

*** HP/UX: The right Alt key works wrong on German HP keyboards (and perhaps
other non-English HP keyboards too).

This is because HP-UX defines the modifiers wrong in X.  Here is a
shell script to fix the problem; be sure that it is run after VUE

keysym Meta_R = Mode_switch
add mod2 = Mode_switch
EOF
--------------------------------

*** HP/UX 11.0: Emacs makes HP/UX 11.0 crash.

This is a bug in HPUX; HPUX patch PHKL_16260 is said to fix it.

** AIX

   *aixterm.Translations: #override <Key>BackSpace: string(0x7f)
   aixterm*ttyModes: erase ^?

This makes your Backspace key send DEL (ASCII 127).

*** AIX: If linking fails because libXbsd isn't found, check if you
are compiling with the system's `cc' and CFLAGS containing `-O5'.  If
so, you have hit a compiler bug.  Please make sure to re-configure
Emacs so that it isn't compiled with `-O5'.

On a Sun, running Emacs on one machine with the X server on another
may not work if you have used the unshared system libraries.  This
is because the unshared libraries fail to use YP for host name lookup.
As a result, the host name you specify may not be recognized.

*** Solaris 2,6: Emacs crashes with SIGBUS or SIGSEGV on Solaris after you delete a frame.

We suspect that this is a bug in the X libraries provided by
Sun.  There is a report that one of these patches fixes the bug and
makes the problem stop:

105216-01 105393-01 105518-01 105621-01 105665-01 105615-02 105216-02
105667-01 105401-08 105615-03 105621-02 105686-02 105736-01 105755-03
106033-01 105379-01 105786-01 105181-04 105379-03 105786-04 105845-01
105284-05 105669-02 105837-01 105837-02 105558-01 106125-02 105407-01

Another person using a newer system (kernel patch level Generic_105181-06)
suspects that the bug was fixed by one of these more recent patches:

106040-07  SunOS 5.6: X Input & Output Method patch
106222-01  OpenWindows 3.6: filemgr (ff.core) fixes
105284-12  Motif 1.2.7: sparc Runtime library patch

*** Solaris 7 or 8: Emacs reports a BadAtom error (from X)

This happens when Emacs was built on some other version of Solaris.
Rebuild it on Solaris 8.

*** When using M-x dbx with the SparcWorks debugger, the `up' and `down'
commands do not move the arrow in Emacs.

You can fix this by adding the following line to `~/.dbxinit':

 dbxenv output_short_file_name off

*** On Solaris, CTRL-t is ignored by Emacs when you use
the fr.ISO-8859-15 locale (and maybe other related locales).

You can fix this by editing the file:

	Ctrl<T> <quotedbl> <Y>                  : "\276"        threequarters

Note the lower case <t>.  Changing this line should make C-t work.

** Irix

*** Irix 6.5: Emacs crashes on the SGI R10K, when compiled with GCC.

This seems to be fixed in GCC 2.95.

*** Irix: Trouble using ptys, or running out of ptys.

The program mkpts (which may be in `/usr/adm' or `/usr/sbin') needs to
be set-UID to root, or non-root programs like Emacs will not be able
to allocate ptys reliably.

* Runtime problems specific to MS-Windows

** Emacs exits with "X protocol error" when run with an X server for MS-Windows.

The %b specifier for format-time-string does not produce abbreviated
month names with consistent widths for some locales on some versions
of Windows. This is caused by a deficiency in the underlying system
library function.

** Typing Alt-Shift has strange effects on MS-Windows.

This combination of keys is a command to change keyboard layout.  If
you proceed to type another non-modifier key before you let go of Alt
and Shift, the Alt and Shift act as modifiers in the usual way.  A
more permanent work around is to change it to another key combination,
or disable it in the keyboard control panel.

** Interrupting Cygwin port of Bash from Emacs doesn't work.

Cygwin 1.x builds of the ported Bash cannot be interrupted from the
MS-Windows version of Emacs.  This is due to some change in the Bash
port or in the Cygwin library which apparently make Bash ignore the
keyboard interrupt event sent by Emacs to Bash.  (Older Cygwin ports
of Bash, up to b20.1, did receive SIGINT from Emacs.)

** Accessing remote files with ange-ftp hangs the MS-Windows version of Emacs.

If the FTP client is the Cygwin port of GNU `ftp', this appears to be
due to some bug in the Cygwin DLL or some incompatibility between it
and the implementation of asynchronous subprocesses in the Windows
port of Emacs.  Specifically, some parts of the FTP server responses
are not flushed out, apparently due to buffering issues, which
confuses ange-ftp.

The solution is to downgrade to an older version of the Cygwin DLL
(version 1.3.2 was reported to solve the problem), or use the stock
Windows FTP client, usually found in the `C:\WINDOWS' or 'C:\WINNT'
directory.  To force ange-ftp use the stock Windows client, set the
variable `ange-ftp-ftp-program-name' to the absolute file name of the
client's executable.  For example:

 (setq ange-ftp-ftp-program-name "c:/windows/ftp.exe")

If you want to stick with the Cygwin FTP client, you can work around
this problem by putting this in your `.emacs' file:

 (setq ange-ftp-ftp-program-args '("-i" "-n" "-g" "-v" "--prompt" "")

** lpr commands don't work on MS-Windows with some cheap printers.

This problem may also strike other platforms, but the solution is
likely to be a global one, and not Emacs specific.

Many cheap inkjet, and even some cheap laser printers, do not
print plain text anymore, they will only print through graphical
printer drivers. A workaround on MS-Windows is to use Windows' basic
built in editor to print (this is possibly the only useful purpose it
has):

(setq printer-name "")         ;; notepad takes the default
(setq lpr-command "notepad")   ;; notepad
(setq lpr-switches nil)        ;; not needed
(setq lpr-printer-switch "/P") ;; run notepad as batch printer

** Antivirus software interacts badly with the MS-Windows version of Emacs.

The usual manifestation of these problems is that subprocesses don't
work or even wedge the entire system.  In particular, "M-x shell RET"
was reported to fail to work.  But other commands also sometimes don't
work when an antivirus package is installed.

The solution is to switch the antivirus software to a less aggressive
mode (e.g., disable the ``auto-protect'' feature), or even uninstall
or disable it entirely.

** Pressing the mouse button on MS-Windows does not give a mouse-2 event.

This is usually a problem with the mouse driver. Because most Windows
programs do not do anything useful with the middle mouse button, many
mouse drivers allow you to define the wheel press to do something
different. Some drivers do not even have the option to generate a
middle button press. In such cases, setting the wheel press to
"scroll" sometimes works if you press the button twice. Trying a
generic mouse driver might help.

** Scrolling the mouse wheel on MS-Windows always scrolls the top window.

This is another common problem with mouse drivers. Instead of
generating scroll events, some mouse drivers try to fake scroll bar
movement. But they are not intelligent enough to handle multiple
scroll bars within a frame. Trying a generic mouse driver might help.

** Mail sent through Microsoft Exchange in some encodings appears to be
mangled and is not seen correctly in Rmail or Gnus.  We don't know
exactly what happens, but it isn't an Emacs problem in cases we've
seen.

** On MS-Windows, you cannot use the right-hand ALT key and the left-hand
CTRL key together to type a Control-Meta character.

This is a consequence of a misfeature beyond Emacs's control.

Under Windows, the AltGr key on international keyboards generates key
events with the modifiers Right-Alt and Left-Ctrl.  Since Emacs cannot
distinguish AltGr from an explicit Right-Alt and Left-Ctrl
combination, whenever it sees Right-Alt and Left-Ctrl it assumes that
AltGr has been pressed.  The variable `w32-recognize-altgr' can be set
to nil to tell Emacs that AltGr is really Ctrl and Alt.

** Under some X-servers running on MS-Windows, Emacs' display is incorrect.

The symptoms are that Emacs does not completely erase blank areas of the
screen during scrolling or some other screen operations (e.g., selective
display or when killing a region).  M-x recenter will cause the screen
to be completely redisplayed and the "extra" characters will disappear.

This is known to occur under Exceed 6, and possibly earlier versions
as well; it is reportedly solved in version 6.2.0.16 and later.  The
problem lies in the X-server settings.

There are reports that you can solve the problem with Exceed by
running `Xconfig' from within NT, choosing "X selection", then
un-checking the boxes "auto-copy X selection" and "auto-paste to X
selection".

Of this does not work, please inform [e-mail].  Then
please call support for your X-server and see if you can get a fix.
If you do, please send it to [e-mail] so we can list it
here.

* Build-time problems

** Configuration

*** The `configure' script doesn't find the jpeg library.

There are reports that this happens on some systems because the linker
by default only looks for shared libraries, but jpeg distribution by
default only installs a nonshared version of the library, `libjpeg.a'.

If this is the problem, you can configure the jpeg library with the
`--enable-shared' option and then rebuild libjpeg.  This produces a
shared version of libjpeg, which you need to install.  Finally, rerun
the Emacs configure script, which should now find the jpeg library.
Alternatively, modify the generated src/Makefile to link the .a file
explicitly, and edit src/config.h to define HAVE_JPEG.

** Compilation

*** Building Emacs over NFS fails with ``Text file busy''.

This was reported to happen when building Emacs on a GNU/Linux system
(RedHat Linux 6.2) using a build directory automounted from Solaris
(SunOS 5.6) file server, but it might not be limited to that
configuration alone.  Presumably, the NFS server doesn't commit the
files' data to disk quickly enough, and the Emacs executable file is
left ``busy'' for several seconds after Emacs has finished dumping
itself.  This causes the subsequent commands which invoke the dumped
Emacs executable to fail with the above message.

In some of these cases, a time skew between the NFS server and the
machine where Emacs is built is detected and reported by GNU Make
(it says that some of the files have modification time in the future).
This might be a symptom of NFS-related problems.

If the NFS server runs on Solaris, apply the Solaris patch 105379-05
(Sunos 5.6: /kernel/misc/nfssrv patch).  If that doesn't work, or if
you have a different version of the OS or the NFS server, you can
force the NFS server to use 1KB blocks, which was reported to fix the
problem albeit at a price of slowing down file I/O.  You can force 1KB
blocks by specifying the "-o  rsize=1024,wsize=1024" options to the
`mount' command, or by adding ",rsize=1024,wsize=1024" to the mount
options in the appropriate system configuration file, such as
`/etc/auto.home'.

Alternatively, when Make fails due to this problem, you could wait for
a few seconds and then invoke Make again.  In one particular case,
waiting for 10 or more seconds between the two Make invocations seemed
to work around the problem.

Similar problems can happen if your machine NFS-mounts a directory
onto itself.  Suppose the Emacs sources live in `/usr/local/src' and
you are working on the host called `marvin'.  Then an entry in the
`/etc/fstab' file like the following is asking for trouble:

    marvin:/usr/local/src /usr/local/src ...options.omitted...

The solution is to remove this line from `etc/fstab'.

*** Building Emacs with GCC 2.9x fails in the `src' directory.

This may happen if you use a development version of GNU `cpp' from one
of the GCC snapshots between Oct 2000 and Feb 2001, or from a released
version of GCC newer than 2.95.2 which was prepared around those
dates; similar problems were reported with some snapshots of GCC 3.1
around Sep 30 2001.  The preprocessor in those versions is
incompatible with a traditional Unix cpp (e.g., it expands ".." into
". .", which breaks relative file names that reference the parent
directory; or inserts TAB characters before lines that set Make
variables).

The solution is to make sure the preprocessor is run with the
`-traditional' option.  The `configure' script does that automatically
when it detects the known problems in your cpp, but you might hit some
unknown ones.  To force the `configure' script to use `-traditional',
run the script like this:

  CPP='gcc -E -traditional' ./configure ...

(replace the ellipsis "..." with any additional arguments you pass to
the script).

Note that this problem does not pertain to the MS-Windows port of
Emacs, since it doesn't use the preprocessor to generate Makefiles.

*** src/Makefile and lib-src/Makefile are truncated--most of the file missing.
*** Compiling wakeup, in lib-src, says it can't make wakeup.c.

This can happen if configure uses GNU sed version 2.03.  That version
had a bug.  GNU sed version 2.05 works properly.To solve the
problem, install the current version of GNU Sed, then rerun Emacs's
configure script.

*** Compiling lib-src says there is no rule to make test-distrib.c.

This results from a bug in a VERY old version of GNU Sed.  To solve
the problem, install the current version of GNU Sed, then rerun
Emacs's configure script.

*** Building the MS-Windows port with Cygwin GCC can fail.

Emacs may not build using recent Cygwin builds of GCC, such as Cygwin
version 1.1.8, using the default configure settings.  It appears to be
necessary to specify the -mwin32 flag when compiling, and define
__MSVCRT__, like so:

  configure --with-gcc --cflags -mwin32 --cflags -D__MSVCRT__

*** Building the MS-Windows port fails with a CreateProcess failure.

Some versions of mingw32 make on some versions of Windows do not seem
to detect the shell correctly. Try "make SHELL=cmd.exe", or if that
fails, try running make from Cygwin bash instead.

*** Building the MS-Windows port with Leim fails in the `leim' directory.

The error message might be something like this:

 Converting d:/emacs-21.3/leim/CXTERM-DIC/4Corner.tit to quail-package...
 Invalid ENCODE: value in TIT dictionary
 NMAKE : fatal error U1077: '"../src/obj-spd/i386/emacs.exe"' : return code
       '0xffffffff'
 Stop.

This can happen if the Leim distribution is unpacked with a program
which converts the `*.tit' files to DOS-style CR-LF text format.  The
`*.tit' files in the leim/CXTERM-DIC directory require Unix-style line
endings to compile properly, because Emacs reads them without any code
or EOL conversions.

The solution is to make sure the program used to unpack Leim does not
change the files' line endings behind your back.  The GNU FTP site has
in the `/gnu/emacs/windows' directory a program called `djtarnt.exe'
which can be used to unpack `.tar.gz' and `.zip' archives without
mangling them.

*** Building `ctags' for MS-Windows with the MinGW port of GCC fails.

This might happen due to a bug in the MinGW header assert.h, which
defines the `assert' macro with a trailing semi-colon.  The following
patch to assert.h should solve this:

*** include/assert.h.orig	Sun Nov  7 02:41:36 1999
--- include/assert.h	Mon Jan 29 11:49:10 2001
***************
*** 41,47 ****
  /*
   * If not debugging, assert does nothing.
   */
! #define assert(x)	((void)0);

  #else /* debugging enabled */

--- 41,47 ----
  /*
   * If not debugging, assert does nothing.
   */
! #define assert(x)	((void)0)

  #else /* debugging enabled */


** Linking

*** Building Emacs with a system compiler fails to link because of an
undefined symbol such as __eprintf which does not appear in Emacs.

This can happen if some of the libraries linked into Emacs were built
with GCC, but Emacs itself is being linked with a compiler other than
GCC.  Object files compiled with GCC might need some helper functions
from libgcc.a, the library which comes with GCC, but the system
compiler does not instruct the linker to search libgcc.a during the
link stage.

A solution is to link with GCC, like this:

  	make CC=gcc

Since the .o object files already exist, this will not recompile Emacs
with GCC, but just restart by trying again to link temacs.

*** AIX 1.3 ptf 0013: Link failure.

There is a real duplicate definition of the function `_slibc_free' in
the library /lib/libc_s.a (just do nm on it to verify).  The
workaround/fix is:

    cd /lib
    ar xv libc_s.a NLtmtime.o
    ar dv libc_s.a NLtmtime.o

*** AIX 4.1.2: Linker error messages such as
  ld: 0711-212 SEVERE ERROR: Symbol .__quous, found in the global symbol table
	of archive /usr/lib/libIM.a, was not defined in archive member shr.o.

This is a problem in libIM.a.  You can work around it by executing
these shell commands in the src subdirectory of the directory where
you build Emacs:

    cp /usr/lib/libIM.a .
    chmod 664 libIM.a
    ranlib libIM.a

Then change -lIM to ./libIM.a in the command to link temacs (in
Makefile).

*** Sun with acc: Link failure when using acc on a Sun.

To use acc, you need additional options just before the libraries, such as

   /usr/lang/SC2.0.1/values-Xt.o -L/usr/lang/SC2.0.1/cg87 -L/usr/lang/SC2.0.1

and you need to add -lansi just before -lc.

The precise file names depend on the compiler version, so we
cannot easily arrange to supply them.

*** Linking says that the functions insque and remque are undefined.

Change oldXMenu/Makefile by adding insque.o to the variable OBJS.

*** `tparam' reported as a multiply-defined symbol when linking with ncurses.

This problem results from an incompatible change in ncurses, in
version 1.9.9e approximately.  This version is unable to provide a
definition of tparm without also defining tparam.  This is also
incompatible with Terminfo; as a result, the Emacs Terminfo support
does not work with this version of ncurses.

The fix is to install a newer version of ncurses, such as version 4.2.

** Dumping

*** Linux: Segfault during `make bootstrap' under certain recent versions of the Linux kernel.

With certain recent Linux kernels (like the one of Redhat Fedora Core
1), the new "Exec-shield" functionality is enabled by default, which
creates a different memory layout that breaks the emacs dumper.

You can check the Exec-shield state like this:

    cat /proc/sys/kernel/exec-shield

It returns 1 or 2 when Exec-shield is enabled, 0 otherwise.  Please
read your system documentation for more details on Exec-shield and
associated commands.

When Exec-shield is enabled, building Emacs will segfault during the
execution of this command:

temacs --batch --load loadup [dump|bootstrap]

To work around this problem, it is necessary to temporarily disable
Exec-shield while building Emacs, using the `setarch' command like
this:

    setarch i386 ./configure <configure parameters>
    setarch i386 make <make parameters>

*** Fatal signal in the command  temacs -l loadup inc dump.

This command is the final stage of building Emacs.  It is run by the
Makefile in the src subdirectory, or by build.com on VMS.

It has been known to get fatal errors due to insufficient swapping
space available on the machine.

On 68000s, it has also happened because of bugs in the
subroutine `alloca'.  Verify that `alloca' works right, even
for large blocks (many pages).

*** test-distrib says that the distribution has been clobbered.
*** or, temacs prints "Command key out of range 0-127".
*** or, temacs runs and dumps emacs, but emacs totally fails to work.
*** or, temacs gets errors dumping emacs.

This can be because the .elc files have been garbled.  Do not be
fooled by the fact that most of a .elc file is text: these are
binary files and can contain all 256 byte values.

In particular `shar' cannot be used for transmitting GNU Emacs.
It typically truncates "lines".  What appear to be "lines" in
a binary file can of course be of any length.  Even once `shar'
itself is made to work correctly, `sh' discards null characters
when unpacking the shell archive.

I have also seen character \177 changed into \377.  I do not know
what transfer means caused this problem.  Various network
file transfer programs are suspected of clobbering the high bit.

If you have a copy of Emacs that has been damaged in its
nonprinting characters, you can fix them:

 1) Record the names of all the .elc files.
 2) Delete all the .elc files.
 3) Recompile alloc.c with a value of PURESIZE twice as large.
     (See puresize.h.)  You might as well save the old alloc.o.
 4) Remake emacs.  It should work now.
 5) Running emacs, do Meta-x byte-compile-file repeatedly
  to recreate all the .elc files that used to exist.
  You may need to increase the value of the variable
  max-lisp-eval-depth to succeed in running the compiler interpreted
  on certain .el files.  400 was sufficient as of last report.
 6) Reinstall the old alloc.o (undoing changes to alloc.c if any)
  and remake temacs.
 7) Remake emacs.  It should work now, with valid .elc files.

*** temacs prints "Pure Lisp storage exhausted".

This means that the Lisp code loaded from the .elc and .el
files during  temacs -l loadup inc dump  took up more
space than was allocated.

This could be caused by
 1) adding code to the preloaded Lisp files
 2) adding more preloaded files in loadup.el
 3) having a site-init.el or site-load.el which loads files.
   Note that ANY site-init.el or site-load.el is nonstandard;
   if you have received Emacs from some other site
   and it contains a site-init.el or site-load.el file, consider
   deleting that file.
 4) getting the wrong .el or .elc files
   (not from the directory you expected).
 5) deleting some .elc files that are supposed to exist.
   This would cause the source files (.el files) to be
   loaded instead.  They take up more room, so you lose.
 6) a bug in the Emacs distribution which underestimates
   the space required.

If the need for more space is legitimate, change the definition
of PURESIZE in puresize.h.

But in some of the cases listed above, this problem is a consequence
of something else that is wrong.  Be sure to check and fix the real
problem.

*** Linux: Emacs crashes when dumping itself on Mac PPC running Yellow Dog GNU/Linux.

The crashes happen inside the function Fmake_symbol; here's a typical
C backtrace printed by GDB:

  0x190c0c0 in Fmake_symbol ()
  (gdb) where
  #0  0x190c0c0 in Fmake_symbol ()
  #1  0x1942ca4 in init_obarray ()
  #2  0x18b3500 in main ()
  #3  0x114371c in __libc_start_main (argc=5, argv=0x7ffff5b4, envp=0x7ffff5cc,

This could happen because GCC version 2.95 and later changed the base
of the load address to 0x10000000.  Emacs needs to be told about this,
but we currently cannot do that automatically, because that breaks
other versions of GNU/Linux on the MacPPC.  Until we find a way to
distinguish between the Yellow Dog and the other varieties of
GNU/Linux systems on the PPC, you will have to manually uncomment the
following section near the end of the file src/m/macppc.h in the Emacs
distribution:

  #if 0  /* This breaks things on PPC GNU/Linux except for Yellowdog,
	    even with identical GCC, as, ld.  Let's take it out until we
	    know what's really going on here.  */
  /* GCC 2.95 and newer on GNU/Linux PPC changed the load address to
     0x10000000.  */
  #if defined __linux__
  #if __GNUC__ > 2 || (__GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 95)
  #define DATA_SEG_BITS  0x10000000
  #endif
  #endif
  #endif /* 0 */

Remove the "#if 0" and "#endif" directives which surround this, save
the file, and then reconfigure and rebuild Emacs.  The dumping process
should now succeed.

** Installation

*** Installing Emacs gets an error running `install-info'.

You need to install a recent version of Texinfo; that package
supplies the `install-info' command.

** First execution

*** Emacs binary is not in executable format, and cannot be run.

This was reported to happen when Emacs is built in a directory mounted
via NFS, for some combinations of NFS client and NFS server.
Usually, the file `emacs' produced in these cases is full of
binary null characters, and the `file' utility says:

    emacs: ASCII text, with no line terminators

We don't know what exactly causes this failure.  A work-around is to
build Emacs in a directory on a local disk.

*** The dumped Emacs crashes when run, trying to write pure data.

Two causes have been seen for such problems.

1) On a system where getpagesize is not a system call, it is defined
as a macro.  If the definition (in both unexec.c and malloc.c) is wrong,
it can cause problems like this.  You might be able to find the correct
value in the man page for a.out (5).

2) Some systems allocate variables declared static among the
initialized variables.  Emacs makes all initialized variables in most
of its files pure after dumping, but the variables declared static and
not initialized are not supposed to be pure.  On these systems you
may need to add "#define static" to the m- or the s- file.

* Emacs 19 problems

** Error messages `Wrong number of arguments: #<subr where-is-internal>, 5'.

This typically results from having the powerkey library loaded.
Powerkey was designed for Emacs 19.22.  It is obsolete now because
Emacs 19 now has this feature built in; and powerkey also calls
where-is-internal in an obsolete way.

So the fix is to arrange not to load powerkey.

* Runtime problems on legacy systems

This section covers bugs reported on very old hardware or software.
If you are using hardware and an operating system shipped after 2000,
it is unlikely you will see any of these.

** Ancient operating systems

AIX 4.2 was end-of-lifed on Dec 31st, 1999.

*** AIX: You get this compiler error message:

    Processing include file ./XMenuInt.h
        1501-106: (S) Include file X11/Xlib.h not found.

This means your system was installed with only the X11 runtime i.d
libraries.  You have to find your sipo (bootable tape) and install
X11Dev... with smit.

(This report must be ancient.  Bootable tapes are long dead.)

*** AIX 3.2.4: Releasing Ctrl/Act key has no effect, if Shift is down.

Due to a feature of AIX, pressing or releasing the Ctrl/Act key is
ignored when the Shift, Alt or AltGr keys are held down.  This can
lead to the keyboard being "control-locked"--ordinary letters are
treated as control characters.

You can get out of this "control-locked" state by pressing and
releasing Ctrl/Act while not pressing or holding any other keys.

*** AIX 3.2.5: You get this message when running Emacs:

    Could not load program emacs
    Symbol smtcheckinit in csh is undefined
    Error was: Exec format error

or this one:

    Could not load program .emacs
    Symbol _system_con in csh is undefined
    Symbol _fp_trapsta in csh is undefined
    Error was: Exec format error

These can happen when you try to run on AIX 3.2.5 a program that was
compiled with 3.2.4.  The fix is to recompile.

*** AIX 4.2: Emacs gets a segmentation fault at startup.

If you are using IBM's xlc compiler, compile emacs.c
without optimization; that should avoid the problem.

*** ISC Unix

**** ISC: display-time causes kernel problems on ISC systems.

Under Interactive Unix versions 3.0.1 and 4.0 (and probably other
versions), display-time causes the loss of large numbers of STREVENT
cells.  Eventually the kernel's supply of these cells is exhausted.
This makes emacs and the whole system run slow, and can make other
processes die, in particular pcnfsd.

Other emacs functions that communicate with remote processes may have
the same problem.  Display-time seems to be far the worst.

The only known fix: Don't run display-time.

*** SunOS

SunOS 4.1.4 stopped shipping on Sep 30 1998.

**** SunOS: You get linker errors
   ld: Undefined symbol
      _get_wmShellWidgetClass
      _get_applicationShellWidgetClass

**** Sun 4.0.x: M-x shell persistently reports "Process shell exited abnormally with code 1".

This happened on Suns as a result of what is said to be a bug in Sunos
version 4.0.x.  The only fix was to reboot the machine.

**** SunOS4.1.1 and SunOS4.1.3: Mail is lost when sent to local aliases.

Many emacs mail user agents (VM and rmail, for instance) use the
sendmail.el library.  This library can arrange for mail to be
delivered by passing messages to the /usr/lib/sendmail (usually)
program .  In doing so, it passes the '-t' flag to sendmail, which
means that the name of the recipient of the message is not on the
command line and, therefore, that sendmail must parse the message to
obtain the destination address.

There is a bug in the SunOS4.1.1 and SunOS4.1.3 versions of sendmail.
In short, when given the -t flag, the SunOS sendmail won't recognize
non-local (i.e. NIS) aliases.  It has been reported that the Solaris
2.x versions of sendmail do not have this bug.  For those using SunOS
4.1, the best fix is to install sendmail V8 or IDA sendmail (which
have other advantages over the regular sendmail as well).  At the time
of this writing, these official versions are available:

 Sendmail V8 on ftp.cs.berkeley.edu in /ucb/sendmail:
   sendmail.8.6.9.base.tar.Z (the base system source & documentation)
   sendmail.8.6.9.cf.tar.Z   (configuration files)
   sendmail.8.6.9.misc.tar.Z (miscellaneous support programs)
   sendmail.8.6.9.xdoc.tar.Z (extended documentation, with postscript)

 IDA sendmail on vixen.cso.uiuc.edu in /pub:
   sendmail-5.67b+IDA-1.5.tar.gz

**** Sunos 4: You get the error ld: Undefined symbol __lib_version.

This is the result of using cc or gcc with the shared library meant
for acc (the Sunpro compiler).  Check your LD_LIBRARY_PATH and delete
/usr/lang/SC2.0.1 or some similar directory.

**** SunOS 4.1.3: Emacs unpredictably crashes in _yp_dobind_soft.

This happens if you configure Emacs specifying just `sparc-sun-sunos4'
on a system that is version 4.1.3.  You must specify the precise
version number (or let configure figure out the configuration, which
it can do perfectly well for SunOS).

**** Sunos 4.1.3: Emacs gets hung shortly after startup.

We think this is due to a bug in Sunos.  The word is that
one of these Sunos patches fixes the bug:

100075-11  100224-06  100347-03  100482-05  100557-02  100623-03  100804-03  101080-01
100103-12  100249-09             100496-02  100564-07  100630-02  100891-10  101134-01
100170-09  100296-04  100377-09  100507-04  100567-04  100650-02  101070-01  101145-01
100173-10  100305-15  100383-06  100513-04  100570-05  100689-01  101071-03  101200-02
100178-09  100338-05  100421-03  100536-02  100584-05  100784-01  101072-01  101207-01

We don't know which of these patches really matter.  If you find out
which ones, please inform [e-mail].

**** SunOS 4: Emacs processes keep going after you kill the X server
(or log out, if you logged in using X).

Someone reported that recompiling with GCC 2.7.0 fixed this problem.

The fix to this is to install patch 100573 for OpenWindows 3.0
or link libXmu statically.

**** Sunos 5.3: Subprocesses remain, hanging but not zombies.

A bug in Sunos 5.3 causes Emacs subprocesses to remain after Emacs
exits.  Sun patch # 101415-02 is part of the fix for this, but it only
applies to ptys, and doesn't fix the problem with subprocesses
communicating through pipes.

*** Apollo Domain

**** Shell mode ignores interrupts on Apollo Domain.

You may find that M-x shell prints the following message:

   Warning: no access to tty; thus no job control in this shell...

This can happen if there are not enough ptys on your system.
Here is how to make more of them.

    % cd /dev
    % ls pty*
    # shows how many pty's you have. I had 8, named pty0 to pty7)
    % /etc/crpty 8
    # creates eight new pty's

*** Irix

*** Irix 6.2: No visible display on mips-sgi-irix6.2 when compiling with GCC 2.8.1.

This problem went away after installing the latest IRIX patches
as of 8 Dec 1998.

The same problem has been reported on Irix 6.3.

*** Irix 6.3: substituting environment variables in file names
in the minibuffer gives peculiar error messages such as

   Substituting nonexistent environment variable ""

This is not an Emacs bug; it is caused by something in SGI patch
003082 August 11, 1998.

*** OPENSTEP

**** OPENSTEP 4.2: Compiling syntax.c with gcc 2.7.2.1 fails.

The compiler was reported to crash while compiling syntax.c with the
following message:

   cc: Internal compiler error: program cc1obj got fatal signal 11

To work around this, replace the macros UPDATE_SYNTAX_TABLE_FORWARD,
INC_BOTH, and INC_FROM with functions.  To this end, first define 3
functions, one each for every macro.  Here's an example:

    static int update_syntax_table_forward(int from)
    {
        return(UPDATE_SYNTAX_TABLE_FORWARD(from));
    }/*update_syntax_table_forward*/

Then replace all references to UPDATE_SYNTAX_TABLE_FORWARD in syntax.c
with a call to the function update_syntax_table_forward.

*** Solaris 2.x

**** Strange results from format %d in a few cases, on a Sun.

Sun compiler version SC3.0 has been found to miscompile part of
editfns.c.  The workaround is to compile with some other compiler such
as GCC.

**** On Solaris, Emacs dumps core if lisp-complete-symbol is called.

If you compile Emacs with the -fast or -xO4 option with version 3.0.2
of the Sun C compiler, Emacs dumps core when lisp-complete-symbol is
called.  The problem does not happen if you compile with GCC.

**** On Solaris, Emacs crashes if you use (display-time).

This can happen if you configure Emacs without specifying the precise
version of Solaris that you are using.

**** Solaris 2.3 and 2.4: Unpredictable segmentation faults.

A user reported that this happened in 19.29 when it was compiled with
the Sun compiler, but not when he recompiled with GCC 2.7.0.

We do not know whether something in Emacs is partly to blame for this.

**** Solaris 2.4: Emacs dumps core on startup.

Bill Sebok says that the cause of this is Solaris 2.4 vendor patch
102303-05, which extends the Solaris linker to deal with the Solaris
Common Desktop Environment's linking needs.  You can fix the problem
by removing this patch and installing patch 102049-02 instead.
However, that linker version won't work with CDE.

Solaris 2.5 comes with a linker that has this bug.  It is reported that if
you install all the latest patches (as of June 1996), the bug is fixed.
We suspect the crucial patch is one of these, but we don't know
for certain.

        103093-03: [README] SunOS 5.5: kernel patch (2140557 bytes)
        102832-01: [README] OpenWindows 3.5: Xview Jumbo Patch (4181613 bytes)
	103242-04: [README] SunOS 5.5: linker patch (595363 bytes)

(One user reports that the bug was fixed by those patches together
with patches 102980-04, 103279-01, 103300-02, and 103468-01.)

If you can determine which patch does fix the bug, please tell
[e-mail].

Meanwhile, the GNU linker links Emacs properly on both Solaris 2.4 and
Solaris 2.5.

**** Solaris 2.4: Dired hangs and C-g does not work.  Or Emacs hangs
forever waiting for termination of a subprocess that is a zombie.

[e-mail] says the problem is in X11R6.  Rebuild libX11.so
after changing the file xc/config/cf/sunLib.tmpl.  Change the lines

    #if ThreadedX
    #define SharedX11Reqs -lthread
    #endif

to:

    #if OSMinorVersion < 4
    #if ThreadedX
    #define SharedX11Reqs -lthread
    #endif
    #endif

Be sure also to edit x/config/cf/sun.cf so that OSMinorVersion is 4
(as it should be for Solaris 2.4).  The file has three definitions for
OSMinorVersion: the first is for x86, the second for SPARC under
Solaris, and the third for SunOS 4.  Make sure to update the
definition for your type of machine and system.

Then do `make Everything' in the top directory of X11R6, to rebuild
the makefiles and rebuild X.  The X built this way work only on
Solaris 2.4, not on 2.3.

For multithreaded X to work it is necessary to install patch
101925-02 to fix problems in header files [2.4].  You need
to reinstall gcc or re-run just-fixinc after installing that
patch.

However, Frank Rust <[e-mail]> used a simpler solution:
he changed
    #define ThreadedX          YES
to
    #define ThreadedX          NO
in sun.cf and did `make World' to rebuild X11R6.  Removing all
`-DXTHREAD*' flags and `-lthread' entries from lib/X11/Makefile and
typing 'make install' in that directory also seemed to work.

**** Solaris 2.x: GCC complains "64 bit integer types not supported".

This suggests that GCC is not installed correctly.  Most likely you
are using GCC 2.7.2.3 (or earlier) on Solaris 2.6 (or later); this
does not work without patching.  To run GCC 2.7.2.3 on Solaris 2.6 or
later, you must patch fixinc.svr4 and reinstall GCC from scratch as
described in the Solaris FAQ
<http://www.wins.uva.nl/pub/solaris/solaris2.html>.  A better fix is
to upgrade to GCC 2.8.1 or later.

**** Solaris 2.7: Building Emacs with WorkShop Compilers 5.0 98/12/15
C 5.0 failed, apparently with non-default CFLAGS, most probably due to
compiler bugs.  Using Sun Solaris 2.7 Sun WorkShop 6 update 1 C
release was reported to work without problems.  It worked OK on
another system with Solaris 8 using apparently the same 5.0 compiler
and the default CFLAGS.

**** Solaris 2.x: Emacs dumps core when built with Motif.

The Solaris Motif libraries are buggy, at least up through Solaris 2.5.1.
Install the current Motif runtime library patch appropriate for your host.
(Make sure the patch is current; some older patch versions still have the bug.)
You should install the other patches recommended by Sun for your host, too.
You can obtain Sun patches from ftp://sunsolve.sun.com/pub/patches/;
look for files with names ending in `.PatchReport' to see which patches
are currently recommended for your host.

On Solaris 2.6, Emacs is said to work with Motif when Solaris patch
105284-12 is installed, but fail when 105284-15 is installed.
105284-18 might fix it again.

**** Solaris 2.6 and 7: the Compose key does not work.

This is a bug in Motif in Solaris.  Supposedly it has been fixed for
the next major release of Solaris.  However, if someone with Sun
support complains to Sun about the bug, they may release a patch.
If you do this, mention Sun bug #4188711.

One workaround is to use a locale that allows non-ASCII characters.
For example, before invoking emacs, set the LC_ALL environment
variable to "en_US" (American English).  The directory /usr/lib/locale
lists the supported locales; any locale other than "C" or "POSIX"
should do.

[e-mail] says (Feb 1998) that the Compose key does work
if you link with the MIT X11 libraries instead of the Solaris X11
libraries.

*** HP/UX versions before 11.0

HP/UX 9 was end-of-lifed in December 1998.  
HP/UX 10 was end-of-lifed in May 1999.

**** HP/UX 9: Emacs crashes with SIGBUS or SIGSEGV after you delete a frame.

We think this is due to a bug in the X libraries provided by HP.  With
the alternative X libraries in /usr/contrib/mitX11R5/lib, the problem
does not happen.

*** HP/UX 10: Large file support is disabled.

See the comments in src/s/hpux10.h.

*** HP/UX: Emacs is slow using X11R5.

This happens if you use the MIT versions of the X libraries--it
doesn't run as fast as HP's version.  People sometimes use the version
because they see the HP version doesn't have the libraries libXaw.a,
libXmu.a, libXext.a and others.  HP/UX normally doesn't come with
those libraries installed.  To get good performance, you need to
install them and rebuild Emacs.

*** Ultrix and Digital Unix

**** Ultrix 4.2: `make install' fails on install-doc with `Error 141'.

This happens on Ultrix 4.2 due to failure of a pipeline of tar
commands.  We don't know why they fail, but the bug seems not to be in
Emacs.  The workaround is to run the shell command in install-doc by
hand.

**** Digital Unix 4.0: Garbled display on non-X terminals when Emacs runs.

So far it appears that running `tset' triggers this problem (when TERM
is vt100, at least).  If you do not run `tset', then Emacs displays
properly.  If someone can tell us precisely which effect of running
`tset' actually causes the problem, we may be able to implement a fix
in Emacs.

**** Ultrix: `expand-file-name' fails to work on any but the machine you dumped Emacs on.

On Ultrix, if you use any of the functions which look up information
in the passwd database before dumping Emacs (say, by using
expand-file-name in site-init.el), then those functions will not work
in the dumped Emacs on any host but the one Emacs was dumped on.

The solution?  Don't use expand-file-name in site-init.el, or in
anything it loads.  Yuck - some solution.

I'm not sure why this happens; if you can find out exactly what is
going on, and perhaps find a fix or a workaround, please let us know.
Perhaps the YP functions cache some information, the cache is included
in the dumped Emacs, and is then inaccurate on any other host.

*** SVr4

**** SVr4: On some variants of SVR4, Emacs does not work at all with X.

Try defining BROKEN_FIONREAD in your config.h file.  If this solves
the problem, please send a bug report to tell us this is needed; be
sure to say exactly what type of machine and system you are using.

**** SVr4: After running emacs once, subsequent invocations crash.

Some versions of SVR4 have a serious bug in the implementation of the
mmap () system call in the kernel; this causes emacs to run correctly
the first time, and then crash when run a second time.

Contact your vendor and ask for the mmap bug fix; in the mean time,
you may be able to work around the problem by adding a line to your
operating system description file (whose name is reported by the
configure script) that reads:
#define SYSTEM_MALLOC
This makes Emacs use memory less efficiently, but seems to work around
the kernel bug.

*** Irix 5 and earlier

Exactly when Irix-5 end-of-lifed is obscure.  But since Irix 6.0 
shipped in 1994, it has been some years.

**** Irix 5.2: unexelfsgi.c can't find cmplrs/stsupport.h.

The file cmplrs/stsupport.h was included in the wrong file set in the
Irix 5.2 distribution.  You can find it in the optional fileset
compiler_dev, or copy it from some other Irix 5.2 system.  A kludgy
workaround is to change unexelfsgi.c to include sym.h instead of
syms.h.

**** Irix 5.3: "out of virtual swap space".

This message occurs when the system runs out of swap space due to too
many large programs running.  The solution is either to provide more
swap space or to reduce the number of large programs being run.  You
can check the current status of the swap space by executing the
command `swap -l'.

You can increase swap space by changing the file /etc/fstab.  Adding a
line like this:

/usr/swap/swap.more     swap    swap    pri=3 0 0

where /usr/swap/swap.more is a file previously created (for instance
by using /etc/mkfile), will increase the swap space by the size of
that file.  Execute `swap -m' or reboot the machine to activate the
new swap area.  See the manpages for `swap' and `fstab' for further
information.

The objectserver daemon can use up lots of memory because it can be
swamped with NIS information.  It collects information about all users
on the network that can log on to the host.

If you want to disable the objectserver completely, you can execute
the command `chkconfig objectserver off' and reboot.  That may disable
some of the window system functionality, such as responding CDROM
icons.

You can also remove NIS support from the objectserver.  The SGI `admin'
FAQ has a detailed description on how to do that; see question 35
("Why isn't the objectserver working?").  The admin FAQ can be found at
ftp://viz.tamu.edu/pub/sgi/faq/.

**** Irix 5.3: Emacs crashes in utmpname.

This problem is fixed in Patch 3175 for Irix 5.3.
It is also fixed in Irix versions 6.2 and up.

**** Irix 6.0: Make tries (and fails) to build a program named unexelfsgi.

A compiler bug inserts spaces into the string "unexelfsgi . o"
in src/Makefile.  Edit src/Makefile, after configure is run,
find that string, and take out the spaces.

Compiler fixes in Irix 6.0.1 should eliminate this problem.

*** SCO Unix and UnixWare

**** SCO 3.2v4: Unusable default font.

The Open Desktop environment comes with default X resource settings
that tell Emacs to use a variable-width font.  Emacs cannot use such
fonts, so it does not work.

This is caused by the file /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/ScoTerm, which is
the application-specific resource file for the `scoterm' terminal
emulator program.  It contains several extremely general X resources
that affect other programs besides `scoterm'.  In particular, these
resources affect Emacs also:

	*Font: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--12-*-p-*
	*Background:			scoBackground
	*Foreground:			scoForeground

The best solution is to create an application-specific resource file for
Emacs, /usr/lib/X11/sco/startup/Emacs, with the following contents:

	Emacs*Font:	-*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1
	Emacs*Background:	white
	Emacs*Foreground:	black

(These settings mimic the Emacs defaults, but you can change them to
suit your needs.)  This resource file is only read when the X server
starts up, so you should restart it by logging out of the Open Desktop
environment or by running `scologin stop; scologin start` from the shell
as root.  Alternatively, you can put these settings in the
/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Emacs resource file and simply restart Emacs,
but then they will not affect remote invocations of Emacs that use the
Open Desktop display.

These resource files are not normally shared across a network of SCO
machines; you must create the file on each machine individually.

**** SCO 4.2.0: Regular expressions matching bugs on SCO systems.

On SCO, there are problems in regexp matching when Emacs is compiled
with the system compiler.  The compiler version is "Microsoft C
version 6", SCO 4.2.0h Dev Sys Maintenance Supplement 01/06/93; Quick
C Compiler Version 1.00.46 (Beta).  The solution is to compile with
GCC.

**** UnixWare 2.1: Error 12 (virtual memory exceeded) when dumping Emacs.

Paul Abrahams ([e-mail]) reports that with the installed
virtual memory settings for UnixWare 2.1.2, an Error 12 occurs during
the "make" that builds Emacs, when running temacs to dump emacs.  That
error indicates that the per-process virtual memory limit has been
exceeded.  The default limit is probably 32MB.  Raising the virtual
memory limit to 40MB should make it possible to finish building Emacs.

You can do this with the command `ulimit' (sh) or `limit' (csh).
But you have to be root to do it.

According to Martin Sohnius, you can also retune this in the kernel:

    # /etc/conf/bin/idtune SDATLIM 33554432         ## soft data size limit
    # /etc/conf/bin/idtune HDATLIM 33554432         ## hard "
    # /etc/conf/bin/idtune SVMMSIZE unlimited       ## soft process size limit
    # /etc/conf/bin/idtune HVMMSIZE unlimited       ## hard "
    # /etc/conf/bin/idbuild -B

(He recommends you not change the stack limit, though.)
These changes take effect when you reboot.

*** Linux 1.x

**** Linux 1.0-1.04: Typing C-c C-c in Shell mode kills your X server.

This happens with Linux kernel 1.0 thru 1.04, approximately.  The workaround is
to define SIGNALS_VIA_CHARACTERS in config.h and recompile Emacs.
Newer Linux kernel versions don't have this problem.

**** Linux 1.3: Output from subprocess (such as man or diff) is randomly
truncated on GNU/Linux systems.

This is due to a kernel bug which seems to be fixed in Linux version
1.3.75.

** Windows 3.1, 95, 98, and ME

*** MS-Windows NT/95: Problems running Perl under Emacs

`perl -de 0' just hangs when executed in an Emacs subshell.
The fault lies with Perl (indirectly with Windows NT/95).

The problem is that the Perl debugger explicitly opens a connection to

    !     $console = "";
	  $rcfile="perldb.ini";
      }
      else {

*** MS-Windows 95: Alt-f6 does not get through to Emacs.

This character seems to be trapped by the kernel in Windows 95.
You can enter M-f6 by typing ESC f6.

*** MS-Windows 95/98/ME: subprocesses do not terminate properly.

This is a limitation of the Operating System, and can cause problems
when shutting down Windows. Ensure that all subprocesses are exited
cleanly before exiting Emacs. For more details, see the FAQ at
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/.

*** MS-Windows 95/98/ME: crashes when Emacs invokes non-existent programs.

When a program you are trying to run is not found on the PATH,
Windows might respond by crashing or locking up your system.  In
particular, this has been reported when trying to compile a Java
program in JDEE when javac.exe is installed, but not on the system
PATH.

** MS-DOS

*** When compiling with DJGPP on MS-Windows NT, "config msdos" fails.

toolkit.)

If you get the additional error that the linker could not find
lib_version.o, try extracting it from X11/usr/lib/X11/libvim.a in
X11R4, then use it in the link.

** SunOS4, DGUX 5.4.2: --with-x-toolkit version crashes when used with shared libraries.

On some systems, including Sunos 4 and DGUX 5.4.2 and perhaps others,
unexec doesn't work properly with the shared library for the X
toolkit.  You might be able to work around this by using a nonshared
libXt.a library.  The real fix is to upgrade the various versions of
unexec and/or ralloc.  We think this has been fixed on Sunos 4
and Solaris in version 19.29.

** HPUX 10.20: Emacs crashes during dumping on the HPPA machine.

This seems to be due to a GCC bug; it is fixed in GCC 2.8.1.

** VMS: Compilation errors on VMS.

You will get warnings when compiling on VMS because there are
variable names longer than 32 (or whatever it is) characters.