comparison lisp/calc/calc-alg.el @ 88155:d7ddb3e565de

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88154:8ce476d3ba36

;;; calc-alg.el --- algebraic functions for Calc

;; Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Author: David Gillespie <[e-mail]>
;; Maintainers: D. Goel <[e-mail]>
;;              Colin Walters <[e-mail]>

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.  No author or distributor

;;; Commentary:

;;; Code:

;; This file is autoloaded from calc-ext.el.
(require 'calc-ext)

(require 'calc-macs)

(defun calc-Need-calc-alg () nil)

;;; Algebra commands.

(defun calc-alg-evaluate (arg)
  (interactive "p")

   (calc-enter-result 1 "expa"
		      (append (list 'calcFunc-expand
				    (calc-top-n 1))
			      (and n (list (prefix-numeric-value n)))))))

(defun calc-collect (&optional var)
  (interactive "sCollect terms involving: ")
  (calc-slow-wrapper
   (if (or (equal var "") (equal var "$") (null var))
       (calc-enter-result 2 "clct" (cons 'calcFunc-collect

(defun calc-poly-gcd (arg)
  (interactive "P")
  (calc-slow-wrapper
   (calc-binary-op "pgcd" 'calcFunc-pgcd arg)))

(defun calc-poly-div (arg)
  (interactive "P")
  (calc-slow-wrapper
   (setq calc-poly-div-remainder nil)
   (calc-binary-op "pdiv" 'calcFunc-pdiv arg)
   (if (and calc-poly-div-remainder (null arg))
       (progn
	 (calc-clear-command-flag 'clear-message)
	 (calc-record calc-poly-div-remainder "prem")
	 (if (not (Math-zerop calc-poly-div-remainder))
	     (message "(Remainder was %s)"
		      (math-format-flat-expr calc-poly-div-remainder 0))
	   (message "(No remainder)"))))))

(defun calc-poly-rem (arg)
  (interactive "P")
  (calc-slow-wrapper
   (calc-binary-op "prem" 'calcFunc-prem arg)))

(defun calc-has-rules (name)
  (setq name (calc-var-value name))
  (and (consp name)
       (memq (car name) '(vec calcFunc-assign calcFunc-condition))
       name))

(defun math-recompile-eval-rules ()
  (setq math-eval-rules-cache (and (calc-has-rules 'var-EvalRules)
				   (math-compile-rewrites
				    '(var EvalRules var-EvalRules)))

  (let ((math-living-dangerously t))
    (math-simplify a)))

(defalias 'calcFunc-esimplify 'math-simplify-extended)

(defun math-simplify (top-expr)
  (let ((math-simplifying t)
	(top-only (consp calc-simplify-mode))
	(simp-rules (append (and (calc-has-rules 'var-AlgSimpRules)
				 '((var AlgSimpRules var-AlgSimpRules)))
			    (and math-living-dangerously
				 (calc-has-rules 'var-ExtSimpRules)
				 '((var ExtSimpRules var-ExtSimpRules)))

				 '((var UnitSimpRules var-UnitSimpRules)))
			    (and math-integrating
				 (calc-has-rules 'var-IntegSimpRules)
				 '((var IntegSimpRules var-IntegSimpRules)))))
	res)
    (if top-only
	(let ((r simp-rules))
	  (setq res (math-simplify-step (math-normalize top-expr))
		calc-simplify-mode '(nil)
		top-expr (math-normalize res))
	  (while r

;;; occur only the first handler will be tried; this doesn't really
;;; matter, since math-simplify-step is iterated to a fixed point anyway.
(defun math-simplify-step (a)
  (if (Math-primp a)
      a
    (let ((aa (if (or top-only
		      (memq (car a) '(calcFunc-quote calcFunc-condition
						     calcFunc-evalto)))
		  a
		(cons (car a) (mapcar 'math-simplify-step (cdr a))))))
      (and (symbolp (car aa))

				     a))
		    (setq handler (cdr handler))))))
      aa)))


;; Placeholder, to synchronize autoloading.
(defun math-need-std-simps ()
  nil)

(math-defsimplify (+ -)
  (math-simplify-plus))

(defun math-simplify-plus ()
  (cond ((and (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(+ -))
	      (Math-numberp (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)))
	      (not (Math-numberp (nth 2 expr))))
	 (let ((x (nth 2 expr))
	       (op (car expr)))
	   (setcar (cdr (cdr expr)) (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)))
	   (setcar expr (car (nth 1 expr)))
	   (setcar (cdr (cdr (nth 1 expr))) x)
	   (setcar (nth 1 expr) op)))
	((and (eq (car expr) '+)
	      (Math-numberp (nth 1 expr))
	      (not (Math-numberp (nth 2 expr))))
	 (let ((x (nth 2 expr)))
	   (setcar (cdr (cdr expr)) (nth 1 expr))
	   (setcar (cdr expr) x))))
  (let ((aa expr)
	aaa temp)
    (while (memq (car-safe (setq aaa (nth 1 aa))) '(+ -))
      (if (setq temp (math-combine-sum (nth 2 aaa) (nth 2 expr)
				       (eq (car aaa) '-) (eq (car expr) '-) t))
	  (progn
	    (setcar (cdr (cdr expr)) temp)
	    (setcar expr '+)
	    (setcar (cdr (cdr aaa)) 0)))
      (setq aa (nth 1 aa)))
    (if (setq temp (math-combine-sum aaa (nth 2 expr)
				     nil (eq (car expr) '-) t))
	(progn
	  (setcar (cdr (cdr expr)) temp)
	  (setcar expr '+)
	  (setcar (cdr aa) 0)))
    expr))

(math-defsimplify *
  (math-simplify-times))

(defun math-simplify-times ()
  (if (eq (car-safe (nth 2 expr)) '*)
      (and (math-beforep (nth 1 (nth 2 expr)) (nth 1 expr))
	   (or (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 expr) t)
	       (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 (nth 2 expr)) t))
	   (let ((x (nth 1 expr)))
	     (setcar (cdr expr) (nth 1 (nth 2 expr)))
	     (setcar (cdr (nth 2 expr)) x)))
    (and (math-beforep (nth 2 expr) (nth 1 expr))
	 (or (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 expr) t)
	     (math-known-scalarp (nth 2 expr) t))
	 (let ((x (nth 2 expr)))
	   (setcar (cdr (cdr expr)) (nth 1 expr))
	   (setcar (cdr expr) x))))
  (let ((aa expr)
	aaa temp
	(safe t) (scalar (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 expr))))
    (if (and (Math-ratp (nth 1 expr))
	     (setq temp (math-common-constant-factor (nth 2 expr))))
	(progn
	  (setcar (cdr (cdr expr))
		  (math-cancel-common-factor (nth 2 expr) temp))
	  (setcar (cdr expr) (math-mul (nth 1 expr) temp))))
    (while (and (eq (car-safe (setq aaa (nth 2 aa))) '*)
		safe)
      (if (setq temp (math-combine-prod (nth 1 expr) (nth 1 aaa) nil nil t))
	  (progn
	    (setcar (cdr expr) temp)
	    (setcar (cdr aaa) 1)))
      (setq safe (or scalar (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 aaa) t))
	    aa (nth 2 aa)))
    (if (and (setq temp (math-combine-prod aaa (nth 1 expr) nil nil t))
	     safe)
	(progn
	  (setcar (cdr expr) temp)
	  (setcar (cdr (cdr aa)) 1)))
    (if (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'frac)
	     (memq (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) '(1 -1)))
	(math-div (math-mul (nth 2 expr) (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
		  (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)))
      expr)))

(math-defsimplify /
  (math-simplify-divide))

(defun math-simplify-divide ()
  (let ((np (cdr expr))
	(nover nil)
	(nn (and (or (eq (car expr) '/) (not (Math-realp (nth 2 expr))))
		 (math-common-constant-factor (nth 2 expr))))
	n op)
    (if nn
	(progn
	  (setq n (and (or (eq (car expr) '/) (not (Math-realp (nth 1 expr))))
		       (math-common-constant-factor (nth 1 expr))))
	  (if (and (eq (car-safe nn) 'frac) (eq (nth 1 nn) 1) (not n))
	      (progn
		(setcar (cdr expr) (math-mul (nth 2 nn) (nth 1 expr)))
		(setcar (cdr (cdr expr))
			(math-cancel-common-factor (nth 2 expr) nn))
		(if (and (math-negp nn)
			 (setq op (assq (car expr) calc-tweak-eqn-table)))
		    (setcar expr (nth 1 op))))
	    (if (and n (not (eq (setq n (math-frac-gcd n nn)) 1)))
		(progn
		  (setcar (cdr expr)
			  (math-cancel-common-factor (nth 1 expr) n))
		  (setcar (cdr (cdr expr))
			  (math-cancel-common-factor (nth 2 expr) n))
		  (if (and (math-negp n)
			   (setq op (assq (car expr) calc-tweak-eqn-table)))
		      (setcar expr (nth 1 op))))))))
    (if (and (eq (car-safe (car np)) '/)
	     (math-known-scalarp (nth 2 expr) t))
	(progn
	  (setq np (cdr (nth 1 expr)))
	  (while (eq (car-safe (setq n (car np))) '*)
	    (and (math-known-scalarp (nth 2 n) t)
		 (math-simplify-divisor (cdr n) (cdr (cdr expr)) nil t))
	    (setq np (cdr (cdr n))))
	  (math-simplify-divisor np (cdr (cdr expr)) nil t)
	  (setq nover t
		np (cdr (cdr (nth 1 expr))))))
    (while (eq (car-safe (setq n (car np))) '*)
      (and (math-known-scalarp (nth 2 n) t)
	   (math-simplify-divisor (cdr n) (cdr (cdr expr)) nover t))
      (setq np (cdr (cdr n))))
    (math-simplify-divisor np (cdr (cdr expr)) nover t)
    expr))

(defun math-simplify-divisor (np dp nover dover)
  (cond ((eq (car-safe (car dp)) '/)
	 (math-simplify-divisor np (cdr (car dp)) nover dover)
	 (and (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 (car dp)) t)
	      (math-simplify-divisor np (cdr (cdr (car dp)))
				     nover (not dover))))
	((or (or (eq (car expr) '/)
		 (let ((signs (math-possible-signs (car np))))
		   (or (memq signs '(1 4))
		       (and (memq (car expr) '(calcFunc-eq calcFunc-neq))
			    (eq signs 5))
		       math-living-dangerously)))
	     (math-numberp (car np)))
	 (let ((n (car np))
	       d dd temp op
	       (safe t) (scalar (math-known-scalarp n)))
	   (while (and (eq (car-safe (setq d (car dp))) '*)
		       safe)
	     (math-simplify-one-divisor np (cdr d))
	     (setq safe (or scalar (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 d) t))
		   dp (cdr (cdr d))))
	   (if safe
	       (math-simplify-one-divisor np dp))))))

(defun math-simplify-one-divisor (np dp)
  (if (setq temp (math-combine-prod (car np) (car dp) nover dover t))
      (progn
	(and (not (memq (car expr) '(/ calcFunc-eq calcFunc-neq)))
	     (math-known-negp (car dp))
	     (setq op (assq (car expr) calc-tweak-eqn-table))
	     (setcar expr (nth 1 op)))
	(setcar np (if nover (math-div 1 temp) temp))
	(setcar dp 1))
    (and dover (not nover) (eq (car expr) '/)
	 (eq (car-safe (car dp)) 'calcFunc-sqrt)
	 (Math-integerp (nth 1 (car dp)))
	 (progn
	   (setcar np (math-mul (car np)
				(list 'calcFunc-sqrt (nth 1 (car dp)))))
	   (setcar dp (nth 1 (car dp)))))))

(defun math-common-constant-factor (expr)
  (if (Math-realp expr)
      (if (Math-ratp expr)
	  (and (not (memq expr '(0 1 -1)))

(math-defsimplify %
  (math-simplify-mod))

(defun math-simplify-mod ()
  (and (Math-realp (nth 2 expr))
       (Math-posp (nth 2 expr))
       (let ((lin (math-is-linear (nth 1 expr)))
	     t1 t2 t3)
	 (or (and lin
		  (or (math-negp (car lin))
		      (not (Math-lessp (car lin) (nth 2 expr))))
		  (list '%
			(list '+
			      (math-mul (nth 1 lin) (nth 2 lin))
			      (math-mod (car lin) (nth 2 expr)))
			(nth 2 expr)))
	     (and lin
		  (not (math-equal-int (nth 1 lin) 1))
		  (math-num-integerp (nth 1 lin))
		  (math-num-integerp (nth 2 expr))
		  (setq t1 (calcFunc-gcd (nth 1 lin) (nth 2 expr)))
		  (not (math-equal-int t1 1))
		  (list '*
			t1
			(list '%
			      (list '+
				    (math-mul (math-div (nth 1 lin) t1)
					      (nth 2 lin))
				    (let ((calc-prefer-frac t))
				      (math-div (car lin) t1)))
			      (math-div (nth 2 expr) t1))))
	     (and (math-equal-int (nth 2 expr) 1)
		  (math-known-integerp (if lin
					   (math-mul (nth 1 lin) (nth 2 lin))
					 (nth 1 expr)))
		  (if lin (math-mod (car lin) 1) 0))))))

(math-defsimplify (calcFunc-eq calcFunc-neq calcFunc-lt
			       calcFunc-gt calcFunc-leq calcFunc-geq)
  (if (= (length expr) 3)
      (math-simplify-ineq)))

(defun math-simplify-ineq ()
  (let ((np (cdr expr))
	n)
    (while (memq (car-safe (setq n (car np))) '(+ -))
      (math-simplify-add-term (cdr (cdr n)) (cdr (cdr expr))
			      (eq (car n) '-) nil)
      (setq np (cdr n)))
    (math-simplify-add-term np (cdr (cdr expr)) nil (eq np (cdr expr)))
    (math-simplify-divide)
    (let ((signs (math-possible-signs (cons '- (cdr expr)))))
      (or (cond ((eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-eq)
		 (or (and (eq signs 2) 1)
		     (and (memq signs '(1 4 5)) 0)))
		((eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-neq)
		 (or (and (eq signs 2) 0)
		     (and (memq signs '(1 4 5)) 1)))
		((eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-lt)
		 (or (and (eq signs 1) 1)
		     (and (memq signs '(2 4 6)) 0)))
		((eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-gt)
		 (or (and (eq signs 4) 1)
		     (and (memq signs '(1 2 3)) 0)))
		((eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-leq)
		 (or (and (eq signs 4) 0)
		     (and (memq signs '(1 2 3)) 1)))
		((eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-geq)
		 (or (and (eq signs 1) 0)
		     (and (memq signs '(2 4 6)) 1))))
	  expr))))

(defun math-simplify-add-term (np dp minus lplain)
  (or (math-vectorp (car np))
      (let ((rplain t)
	    n d dd temp)

	      (progn
		(setcar np 0)
		(setcar dp (setq n (math-neg temp)))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-sin
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsin)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
      (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-sin (math-neg (nth 1 expr)))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'rad)
	   (let ((n (math-linear-in (nth 1 expr) '(var pi var-pi))))
	     (and n
		  (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) 120 0))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'deg)
	   (let ((n (math-integer-plus (nth 1 expr))))
	     (and n
		  (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) '(frac 2 3) 0))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arccos)
	   (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arctan)
	   (math-div (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))
		     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-add 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))))
      (let ((m (math-should-expand-trig (nth 1 expr))))
	(and m (integerp (car m))
	     (let ((n (car m)) (a (nth 1 m)))
	       (list '+
		     (list '* (list 'calcFunc-sin (list '* (1- n) a))
			   (list 'calcFunc-cos a))
		     (list '* (list 'calcFunc-cos (list '* (1- n) a))
			   (list 'calcFunc-sin a))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-cos
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arccos)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
      (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 expr))
	   (list 'calcFunc-cos (math-neg (nth 1 expr))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'rad)
	   (let ((n (math-linear-in (nth 1 expr) '(var pi var-pi))))
	     (and n
		  (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) 120 300))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'deg)
	   (let ((n (math-integer-plus (nth 1 expr))))
	     (and n
		  (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) '(frac 2 3) 300))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsin)
	   (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arctan)
	   (math-div 1
		     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-add 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))))
      (let ((m (math-should-expand-trig (nth 1 expr))))
	(and m (integerp (car m))
	     (let ((n (car m)) (a (nth 1 m)))
	       (list '-
		     (list '* (list 'calcFunc-cos (list '* (1- n) a))
			   (list 'calcFunc-cos a))
		     (list '* (list 'calcFunc-sin (list '* (1- n) a))
			   (list 'calcFunc-sin a))))))))

(defun math-should-expand-trig (x &optional hyperbolic)
  (let ((m (math-is-multiple x)))
    (and math-living-dangerously
	 m (or (and (integerp (car m)) (> (car m) 1))

	   (cond ((eq n 0) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-sin plus)))
		 ((eq n 60) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-cos plus)))
		 (t nil))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-tan
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arctan)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
      (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-tan (math-neg (nth 1 expr)))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'rad)
	   (let ((n (math-linear-in (nth 1 expr) '(var pi var-pi))))
	     (and n
		  (math-known-tan (car n) (nth 1 n) 120))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'deg)
	   (let ((n (math-integer-plus (nth 1 expr))))
	     (and n
		  (math-known-tan (car n) (nth 1 n) '(frac 2 3)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsin)
	   (math-div (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))
		     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arccos)
	   (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))
		     (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))
      (let ((m (math-should-expand-trig (nth 1 expr))))
	(and m
	     (if (equal (car m) '(frac 1 2))
		 (math-div (math-sub 1 (list 'calcFunc-cos (nth 1 m)))
			   (list 'calcFunc-sin (nth 1 m)))
	       (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sin (nth 1 expr))
			 (list 'calcFunc-cos (nth 1 expr))))))))

(defun math-known-tan (plus n mul)
  (setq n (math-mul n mul))
  (and (math-num-integerp n)
       (setq n (math-mod (math-trunc n) 120))

		 ((eq n 60) (math-normalize (list '/ -1
						  (list 'calcFunc-tan plus))))
		 (t nil))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-sinh
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsinh)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
      (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-sinh (math-neg (nth 1 expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arccosh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-sub (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))) 1)))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arctanh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (math-div (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))
		     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))))
      (let ((m (math-should-expand-trig (nth 1 expr) t)))
	(and m (integerp (car m))
	     (let ((n (car m)) (a (nth 1 m)))
	       (if (> n 1)
		   (list '+
			 (list '* (list 'calcFunc-sinh (list '* (1- n) a))
			       (list 'calcFunc-cosh a))
			 (list '* (list 'calcFunc-cosh (list '* (1- n) a))
			       (list 'calcFunc-sinh a)))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-cosh
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arccosh)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
      (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 expr))
	   (list 'calcFunc-cosh (math-neg (nth 1 expr))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsinh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-add (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))) 1)))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arctanh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (math-div 1
		     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))))
      (let ((m (math-should-expand-trig (nth 1 expr) t)))
	(and m (integerp (car m))
	     (let ((n (car m)) (a (nth 1 m)))
	       (if (> n 1)
		   (list '+
			 (list '* (list 'calcFunc-cosh (list '* (1- n) a))
			       (list 'calcFunc-cosh a))
			 (list '* (list 'calcFunc-sinh (list '* (1- n) a))
			       (list 'calcFunc-sinh a)))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-tanh
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arctanh)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
      (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-tanh (math-neg (nth 1 expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsinh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (math-div (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))
		     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-add (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))) 1))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-arccosh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))) 1))
		     (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))
      (let ((m (math-should-expand-trig (nth 1 expr) t)))
	(and m
	     (if (equal (car m) '(frac 1 2))
		 (math-div (math-sub (list 'calcFunc-cosh (nth 1 m)) 1)
			   (list 'calcFunc-sinh (nth 1 m)))
	       (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sinh (nth 1 expr))
			 (list 'calcFunc-cosh (nth 1 expr))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-arcsin
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-arcsin (math-neg (nth 1 expr)))))
      (and (eq (nth 1 expr) 1)
	   (math-quarter-circle t))
      (and (equal (nth 1 expr) '(frac 1 2))
	   (math-div (math-half-circle t) 6))
      (and math-living-dangerously
	   (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-sin)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
      (and math-living-dangerously
	   (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-cos)
	   (math-sub (math-quarter-circle t)
		     (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-arccos
  (or (and (eq (nth 1 expr) 0)
	   (math-quarter-circle t))
      (and (eq (nth 1 expr) -1)
	   (math-half-circle t))
      (and (equal (nth 1 expr) '(frac 1 2))
	   (math-div (math-half-circle t) 3))
      (and (equal (nth 1 expr) '(frac -1 2))
	   (math-div (math-mul (math-half-circle t) 2) 3))
      (and math-living-dangerously
	   (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-cos)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
      (and math-living-dangerously
	   (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-sin)
	   (math-sub (math-quarter-circle t)
		     (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-arctan
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-arctan (math-neg (nth 1 expr)))))
      (and (eq (nth 1 expr) 1)
	   (math-div (math-half-circle t) 4))
      (and math-living-dangerously
	   (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-tan)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-arcsinh
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-arcsinh (math-neg (nth 1 expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-sinh)
	   (or math-living-dangerously
	       (math-known-realp (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-arccosh
  (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-cosh)
       (or math-living-dangerously
	   (math-known-realp (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))
       (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-arctanh
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-arctanh (math-neg (nth 1 expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-tanh)
	   (or math-living-dangerously
	       (math-known-realp (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-sqrt
  (math-simplify-sqrt))

(defun math-simplify-sqrt ()
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'frac)
	   (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-mul (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))
						    (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))))
		     (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))))
      (let ((fac (if (math-objectp (nth 1 expr))
		     (math-squared-factor (nth 1 expr))
		   (math-common-constant-factor (nth 1 expr)))))
	(and fac (not (eq fac 1))
	     (math-mul (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-sqrt fac))
		       (math-normalize
			(list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			      (math-cancel-common-factor (nth 1 expr) fac))))))
      (and math-living-dangerously
	   (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '-)
		    (math-equal-int (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) 1)
		    (eq (car-safe (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))) '^)
		    (math-equal-int (nth 2 (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))) 2)
		    (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))))
				 'calcFunc-sin)
			     (list 'calcFunc-cos
				   (nth 1 (nth 1 (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))))))
			(and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))))
				 'calcFunc-cos)
			     (list 'calcFunc-sin
				   (nth 1 (nth 1 (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))))))))
	       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '-)
		    (math-equal-int (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) 1)
		    (eq (car-safe (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))) '^)
		    (math-equal-int (nth 2 (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))) 2)
		    (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))
			     'calcFunc-cosh)
			 (list 'calcFunc-sinh
			       (nth 1 (nth 1 (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))))
	       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '+)
		    (let ((a (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
			  (b (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))))
		      (and (or (and (math-equal-int a 1)
				    (setq a b b (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))
			       (math-equal-int b 1))
			   (eq (car-safe a) '^)
			   (math-equal-int (nth 2 a) 2)
			   (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 a)) 'calcFunc-sinh)
				    (list 'calcFunc-cosh (nth 1 (nth 1 a))))
			       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 a)) 'calcFunc-tan)
				    (list '/ 1 (list 'calcFunc-cos
						     (nth 1 (nth 1 a)))))))))
	       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '^)
		    (list '^
			  (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))
			  (math-div (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) 2)))
	       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-sqrt)
		    (list '^ (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) (math-div 1 4)))
	       (and (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(* /))
		    (list (car (nth 1 expr))
			  (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
			  (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)))))
	       (and (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(+ -))
		    (not (math-any-floats (nth 1 expr)))
		    (let ((f (calcFunc-factors (calcFunc-expand
						(nth 1 expr)))))
		      (and (math-vectorp f)
			   (or (> (length f) 2)
			       (> (nth 2 (nth 1 f)) 1))
			   (let ((out 1) (rest 1) (sums 1) fac pow)
			     (while (setq f (cdr f))

		    fac (math-mul fac (car prsqr)))
	    (setq prsqr (cdr prsqr))))
	fac)))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-exp
  (math-simplify-exp (nth 1 expr)))

(defun math-simplify-exp (x)
  (or (and (eq (car-safe x) 'calcFunc-ln)
	   (nth 1 x))
      (and math-living-dangerously

		  (setq s (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) 120 0))
		  (setq c (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) 120 300))
		  (list '+ c (list '* s '(var i var-i))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-ln
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-exp)
	   (or math-living-dangerously
	       (math-known-realp (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '^)
	   (equal (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) '(var e var-e))
	   (or math-living-dangerously
	       (math-known-realp (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))))
	   (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)))
      (and calc-symbolic-mode
	   (math-known-negp (nth 1 expr))
	   (math-add (list 'calcFunc-ln (math-neg (nth 1 expr)))
		     '(* (var pi var-pi) (var i var-i))))
      (and calc-symbolic-mode
	   (math-known-imagp (nth 1 expr))
	   (let* ((ip (calcFunc-im (nth 1 expr)))
		  (ips (math-possible-signs ip)))
	     (or (and (memq ips '(4 6))
		      (math-add (list 'calcFunc-ln ip)
				'(/ (* (var pi var-pi) (var i var-i)) 2)))
		 (and (memq ips '(1 3))

(math-defsimplify ^
  (math-simplify-pow))

(defun math-simplify-pow ()
  (or (and math-living-dangerously
	   (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '^)
		    (list '^
			  (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))
			  (math-mul (nth 2 expr) (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)))))
	       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-sqrt)
		    (list '^
			  (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))
			  (math-div (nth 2 expr) 2)))
	       (and (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(* /))
		    (list (car (nth 1 expr))
			  (list '^ (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr))
			  (list '^ (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr))))))
      (and (math-equal-int (nth 1 expr) 10)
	   (eq (car-safe (nth 2 expr)) 'calcFunc-log10)
	   (nth 1 (nth 2 expr)))
      (and (equal (nth 1 expr) '(var e var-e))
	   (math-simplify-exp (nth 2 expr)))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-exp)
	   (not math-integrating)
	   (list 'calcFunc-exp (math-mul (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr))))
      (and (equal (nth 1 expr) '(var i var-i))
	   (math-imaginary-i)
	   (math-num-integerp (nth 2 expr))
	   (let ((x (math-mod (math-trunc (nth 2 expr)) 4)))
	     (cond ((eq x 0) 1)
		   ((eq x 1) (nth 1 expr))
		   ((eq x 2) -1)
		   ((eq x 3) (math-neg (nth 1 expr))))))
      (and math-integrating
	   (integerp (nth 2 expr))
	   (>= (nth 2 expr) 2)
	   (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-cos)
		    (math-mul (math-pow (nth 1 expr) (- (nth 2 expr) 2))
			      (math-sub 1
					(math-sqr
					 (list 'calcFunc-sin
					       (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))))
	       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-cosh)
		    (math-mul (math-pow (nth 1 expr) (- (nth 2 expr) 2))
			      (math-add 1
					(math-sqr
					 (list 'calcFunc-sinh
					       (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 2 expr)) 'frac)
	   (Math-ratp (nth 1 expr))
	   (Math-posp (nth 1 expr))
	   (if (equal (nth 2 expr) '(frac 1 2))
	       (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (nth 1 expr))
	     (let ((flr (math-floor (nth 2 expr))))
	       (and (not (Math-zerop flr))
		    (list '* (list '^ (nth 1 expr) flr)
			  (list '^ (nth 1 expr)
				(math-sub (nth 2 expr) flr)))))))
      (and (eq (math-quarter-integer (nth 2 expr)) 2)
	   (let ((temp (math-simplify-sqrt)))
	     (and temp
		  (list '^ temp (math-mul (nth 2 expr) 2)))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-log10
  (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '^)
       (math-equal-int (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) 10)
       (or math-living-dangerously
	   (math-known-realp (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))))
       (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))))


(math-defsimplify calcFunc-erf
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-erf (math-neg (nth 1 expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-conj)
	   (list 'calcFunc-conj (list 'calcFunc-erf (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-erfc
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 expr))
	   (math-sub 2 (list 'calcFunc-erfc (math-neg (nth 1 expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) 'calcFunc-conj)
	   (list 'calcFunc-conj (list 'calcFunc-erfc (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)))))))


(defun math-linear-in (expr term &optional always)
  (if (math-expr-contains expr term)
      (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t)

    (while (and (setq thing (cdr thing))
		(not (math-expr-depends expr (car thing)))))
    thing))

;;; Substitute all occurrences of old for new in expr (non-destructive).
(defun math-expr-subst (expr old new)
  (math-expr-subst-rec expr))

(defalias 'calcFunc-subst 'math-expr-subst)

(defun math-expr-subst-rec (expr)
  (cond ((equal expr old) new)
	((Math-primp expr) expr)
	((memq (car expr) '(calcFunc-deriv
			    calcFunc-tderiv))
	 (if (= (length expr) 2)
	     (if (equal (nth 1 expr) old)
		 (append expr (list new))
	       expr)
	   (list (car expr) (nth 1 expr)
		 (math-expr-subst-rec (nth 2 expr)))))
	(t
	 (cons (car expr)

	(math-normalize   ; fix selection bug
	 (math-build-polynomial-expr p base))
      expr)))

;;; If expr is of the form "a + bx + cx^2 + ...", return the list (a b c ...),
;;; else return nil if not in polynomial form.  If "loose", coefficients
;;; may contain x, e.g., sin(x) + cos(x) x^2 is a loose polynomial in x.
(defun math-is-polynomial (expr var &optional degree loose)
  (let* ((math-poly-base-variable (if loose
				      (if (eq loose 'gen) var '(var XXX XXX))
				    math-poly-base-variable))
	 (poly (math-is-poly-rec expr math-poly-neg-powers)))
    (and (or (null degree)
	     (<= (length poly) (1+ degree)))
	 poly)))

(defun math-is-poly-rec (expr negpow)
  (math-poly-simplify
   (or (cond ((or (equal expr var)

					(list 0 1)
				      (math-is-poly-rec expr nil)))
				(n pow)
				(accum (list 1)))
			    (and p1
				 (or (null degree)
				     (<= (* (1- (length p1)) n) degree))
				 (progn
				   (while (>= n 1)
				     (setq accum (math-poly-mul accum p1)
					   n (1- n)))
				   accum)))

	     ((eq (car expr) '*)
	      (let ((p1 (math-is-poly-rec (nth 1 expr) negpow)))
		(and p1
		     (let ((p2 (math-is-poly-rec (nth 2 expr) negpow)))
		       (and p2
			    (or (null degree)
				(<= (- (+ (length p1) (length p2)) 2) degree))
			    (math-poly-mul p1 p2))))))
	     ((eq (car expr) '/)
	      (and (or (not (math-poly-depends (nth 2 expr) var))
		       (and negpow
			    (math-is-poly-rec (nth 2 expr) nil)

	     ((and (eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-sqrt)
		   math-poly-frac-powers)
	      (math-is-poly-rec (list '^ (nth 1 expr) '(frac 1 2)) negpow))
	     (t nil))
       (and (or (not (math-poly-depends expr var))
		loose)
	    (not (eq (car expr) 'vec))
	    (list expr)))))

;;; Check if expr is a polynomial in var; if so, return its degree.
(defun math-polynomial-p (expr var)

  (if math-poly-base-variable
      (math-expr-contains expr math-poly-base-variable)
    (math-expr-depends expr var)))

;;; Find the variable (or sub-expression) which is the base of polynomial expr.
(defun math-polynomial-base (mpb-top-expr &optional mpb-pred)
  (or mpb-pred
      (setq mpb-pred (function (lambda (base) (math-polynomial-p
					       mpb-top-expr base)))))
  (or (let ((const-ok nil))
	(math-polynomial-base-rec mpb-top-expr))
      (let ((const-ok t))
	(math-polynomial-base-rec mpb-top-expr))))

(defun math-polynomial-base-rec (mpb-expr)
  (and (not (Math-objvecp mpb-expr))
       (or (and (memq (car mpb-expr) '(+ - *))
		(or (math-polynomial-base-rec (nth 1 mpb-expr))

		(math-polynomial-base-rec (nth 1 mpb-expr)))
	   (and (eq (car mpb-expr) '^)
		(math-polynomial-base-rec (nth 1 mpb-expr)))
	   (and (eq (car mpb-expr) 'calcFunc-exp)
		(math-polynomial-base-rec '(var e var-e)))
	   (and (or const-ok (math-expr-contains-vars mpb-expr))
		(funcall mpb-pred mpb-expr)
		mpb-expr))))

;;; Return non-nil if expr refers to any variables.
(defun math-expr-contains-vars (expr)
  (or (eq (car-safe expr) 'var)

		    (< (nth 1 f) 1000)
		    (math-make-frac (nth 1 f)
				    (math-scale-int 1 (- (nth 2 f)))))))
      f))

;;; calc-alg.el ends here

88155:d7ddb3e565de

;;; calc-alg.el --- algebraic functions for Calc

;; Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
;;   2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Author: David Gillespie <[e-mail]>
;; Maintainer: Jay Belanger  <[e-mail]>

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY.  No author or distributor

;;; Commentary:

;;; Code:

;; This file is autoloaded from calc-ext.el.

(require 'calc-ext)
(require 'calc-macs)

;;; Algebra commands.

(defun calc-alg-evaluate (arg)
  (interactive "p")

   (calc-enter-result 1 "expa"
		      (append (list 'calcFunc-expand
				    (calc-top-n 1))
			      (and n (list (prefix-numeric-value n)))))))

;;; Write out powers (a*b*...)^n as a*b*...*a*b*...
(defun calcFunc-powerexpand (expr)
  (math-normalize (math-map-tree 'math-powerexpand expr)))

(defun math-powerexpand (expr)
  (if (eq (car-safe expr) '^)
      (let ((n (nth 2 expr)))
        (cond ((and (integerp n)
                    (> n 0))
               (let ((i 1)
                     (a (nth 1 expr))
                     (prod (nth 1 expr)))
                 (while (< i n)
                   (setq prod (math-mul prod a))
                   (setq i (1+ i)))
                 prod))
              ((and (integerp n)
                    (< n 0))
               (let ((i -1)
                     (a (math-pow (nth 1 expr) -1))
                     (prod (math-pow (nth 1 expr) -1)))
                 (while (> i n)
                   (setq prod (math-mul a prod))
                   (setq i (1- i)))
                 prod))
              (t
               expr)))
    expr))

(defun calc-powerexpand ()
  (interactive)
  (calc-slow-wrapper
   (calc-enter-result 1 "pexp"
		      (calcFunc-powerexpand (calc-top-n 1)))))

(defun calc-collect (&optional var)
  (interactive "sCollect terms involving: ")
  (calc-slow-wrapper
   (if (or (equal var "") (equal var "$") (null var))
       (calc-enter-result 2 "clct" (cons 'calcFunc-collect

(defun calc-poly-gcd (arg)
  (interactive "P")
  (calc-slow-wrapper
   (calc-binary-op "pgcd" 'calcFunc-pgcd arg)))


(defun calc-poly-div (arg)
  (interactive "P")
  (calc-slow-wrapper
   (let ((calc-poly-div-remainder nil))
     (calc-binary-op "pdiv" 'calcFunc-pdiv arg)
     (if (and calc-poly-div-remainder (null arg))
         (progn
           (calc-clear-command-flag 'clear-message)
           (calc-record calc-poly-div-remainder "prem")
           (if (not (Math-zerop calc-poly-div-remainder))
               (message "(Remainder was %s)"
                        (math-format-flat-expr calc-poly-div-remainder 0))
             (message "(No remainder)")))))))

(defun calc-poly-rem (arg)
  (interactive "P")
  (calc-slow-wrapper
   (calc-binary-op "prem" 'calcFunc-prem arg)))

(defun calc-has-rules (name)
  (setq name (calc-var-value name))
  (and (consp name)
       (memq (car name) '(vec calcFunc-assign calcFunc-condition))
       name))

;; math-eval-rules-cache and math-eval-rules-cache-other are
;; declared in calc.el, but are used here by math-recompile-eval-rules.
(defvar math-eval-rules-cache)
(defvar math-eval-rules-cache-other)

(defun math-recompile-eval-rules ()
  (setq math-eval-rules-cache (and (calc-has-rules 'var-EvalRules)
				   (math-compile-rewrites
				    '(var EvalRules var-EvalRules)))

  (let ((math-living-dangerously t))
    (math-simplify a)))

(defalias 'calcFunc-esimplify 'math-simplify-extended)

;; math-top-only is local to math-simplify, but is used by 
;; math-simplify-step, which is called by math-simplify.
(defvar math-top-only)

(defun math-simplify (top-expr)
  (let ((math-simplifying t)
	(math-top-only (consp calc-simplify-mode))
	(simp-rules (append (and (calc-has-rules 'var-AlgSimpRules)
				 '((var AlgSimpRules var-AlgSimpRules)))
			    (and math-living-dangerously
				 (calc-has-rules 'var-ExtSimpRules)
				 '((var ExtSimpRules var-ExtSimpRules)))

				 '((var UnitSimpRules var-UnitSimpRules)))
			    (and math-integrating
				 (calc-has-rules 'var-IntegSimpRules)
				 '((var IntegSimpRules var-IntegSimpRules)))))
	res)
    (if math-top-only
	(let ((r simp-rules))
	  (setq res (math-simplify-step (math-normalize top-expr))
		calc-simplify-mode '(nil)
		top-expr (math-normalize res))
	  (while r

;;; occur only the first handler will be tried; this doesn't really
;;; matter, since math-simplify-step is iterated to a fixed point anyway.
(defun math-simplify-step (a)
  (if (Math-primp a)
      a
    (let ((aa (if (or math-top-only
		      (memq (car a) '(calcFunc-quote calcFunc-condition
						     calcFunc-evalto)))
		  a
		(cons (car a) (mapcar 'math-simplify-step (cdr a))))))
      (and (symbolp (car aa))

				     a))
		    (setq handler (cdr handler))))))
      aa)))


(defmacro math-defsimplify (funcs &rest code)
  (append '(progn)
          (mapcar (function
                   (lambda (func)
                     (list 'put (list 'quote func) ''math-simplify
                           (list 'nconc
                                 (list 'get (list 'quote func) ''math-simplify)
                                 (list 'list
                                       (list 'function
                                             (append '(lambda (math-simplify-expr))
                                                     code)))))))
                  (if (symbolp funcs) (list funcs) funcs))))
(put 'math-defsimplify 'lisp-indent-hook 1)

;; The function created by math-defsimplify uses the variable
;; math-simplify-expr, and so is used by functions in math-defsimplify
(defvar math-simplify-expr)

(math-defsimplify (+ -)
  (math-simplify-plus))

(defun math-simplify-plus ()
  (cond ((and (memq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) '(+ -))
	      (Math-numberp (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
	      (not (Math-numberp (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))))
	 (let ((x (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))
	       (op (car math-simplify-expr)))
	   (setcar (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr)) (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
	   (setcar math-simplify-expr (car (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
	   (setcar (cdr (cdr (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) x)
	   (setcar (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) op)))
	((and (eq (car math-simplify-expr) '+)
	      (Math-numberp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	      (not (Math-numberp (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))))
	 (let ((x (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)))
	   (setcar (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr)) (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (setcar (cdr math-simplify-expr) x))))
  (let ((aa math-simplify-expr)
	aaa temp)
    (while (memq (car-safe (setq aaa (nth 1 aa))) '(+ -))
      (if (setq temp (math-combine-sum (nth 2 aaa) (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)
				       (eq (car aaa) '-) 
                                       (eq (car math-simplify-expr) '-) t))
	  (progn
	    (setcar (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr)) temp)
	    (setcar math-simplify-expr '+)
	    (setcar (cdr (cdr aaa)) 0)))
      (setq aa (nth 1 aa)))
    (if (setq temp (math-combine-sum aaa (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)
				     nil (eq (car math-simplify-expr) '-) t))
	(progn
	  (setcar (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr)) temp)
	  (setcar math-simplify-expr '+)
	  (setcar (cdr aa) 0)))
    math-simplify-expr))

(math-defsimplify *
  (math-simplify-times))

(defun math-simplify-times ()
  (if (eq (car-safe (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)) '*)
      (and (math-beforep (nth 1 (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)) (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (or (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) t)
	       (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)) t))
	   (let ((x (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
	     (setcar (cdr math-simplify-expr) (nth 1 (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)))
	     (setcar (cdr (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)) x)))
    (and (math-beforep (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	 (or (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) t)
	     (math-known-scalarp (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) t))
	 (let ((x (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)))
	   (setcar (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr)) (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (setcar (cdr math-simplify-expr) x))))
  (let ((aa math-simplify-expr)
	aaa temp
	(safe t) (scalar (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
    (if (and (Math-ratp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	     (setq temp (math-common-constant-factor (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))))
	(progn
	  (setcar (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr))
		  (math-cancel-common-factor (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) temp))
	  (setcar (cdr math-simplify-expr) (math-mul (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) temp))))
    (while (and (eq (car-safe (setq aaa (nth 2 aa))) '*)
		safe)
      (if (setq temp (math-combine-prod (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) 
                                        (nth 1 aaa) nil nil t))
	  (progn
	    (setcar (cdr math-simplify-expr) temp)
	    (setcar (cdr aaa) 1)))
      (setq safe (or scalar (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 aaa) t))
	    aa (nth 2 aa)))
    (if (and (setq temp (math-combine-prod aaa (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) nil nil t))
	     safe)
	(progn
	  (setcar (cdr math-simplify-expr) temp)
	  (setcar (cdr (cdr aa)) 1)))
    (if (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'frac)
	     (memq (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) '(1 -1)))
	(math-div (math-mul (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) 
                            (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
		  (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
      math-simplify-expr)))

(math-defsimplify /
  (math-simplify-divide))

(defun math-simplify-divide ()
  (let ((np (cdr math-simplify-expr))
	(nover nil)
	(nn (and (or (eq (car math-simplify-expr) '/) 
                     (not (Math-realp (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))))
		 (math-common-constant-factor (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))))
	n op)
    (if nn
	(progn
	  (setq n (and (or (eq (car math-simplify-expr) '/) 
                           (not (Math-realp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
		       (math-common-constant-factor (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	  (if (and (eq (car-safe nn) 'frac) (eq (nth 1 nn) 1) (not n))
	      (progn
		(setcar (cdr math-simplify-expr) 
                        (math-mul (nth 2 nn) (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
		(setcar (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr))
			(math-cancel-common-factor (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) nn))
		(if (and (math-negp nn)
			 (setq op (assq (car math-simplify-expr) calc-tweak-eqn-table)))
		    (setcar math-simplify-expr (nth 1 op))))
	    (if (and n (not (eq (setq n (math-frac-gcd n nn)) 1)))
		(progn
		  (setcar (cdr math-simplify-expr)
			  (math-cancel-common-factor (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) n))
		  (setcar (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr))
			  (math-cancel-common-factor (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) n))
		  (if (and (math-negp n)
			   (setq op (assq (car math-simplify-expr) 
                                          calc-tweak-eqn-table)))
		      (setcar math-simplify-expr (nth 1 op))))))))
    (if (and (eq (car-safe (car np)) '/)
	     (math-known-scalarp (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) t))
	(progn
	  (setq np (cdr (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
	  (while (eq (car-safe (setq n (car np))) '*)
	    (and (math-known-scalarp (nth 2 n) t)
		 (math-simplify-divisor (cdr n) (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr)) nil t))
	    (setq np (cdr (cdr n))))
	  (math-simplify-divisor np (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr)) nil t)
	  (setq nover t
		np (cdr (cdr (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))
    (while (eq (car-safe (setq n (car np))) '*)
      (and (math-known-scalarp (nth 2 n) t)
	   (math-simplify-divisor (cdr n) (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr)) nover t))
      (setq np (cdr (cdr n))))
    (math-simplify-divisor np (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr)) nover t)
    math-simplify-expr))

;; The variables math-simplify-divisor-nover and math-simplify-divisor-dover
;; are local variables for math-simplify-divisor, but are used by
;; math-simplify-one-divisor.
(defvar math-simplify-divisor-nover)
(defvar math-simplify-divisor-dover)

(defun math-simplify-divisor (np dp math-simplify-divisor-nover 
                                 math-simplify-divisor-dover)
  (cond ((eq (car-safe (car dp)) '/)
	 (math-simplify-divisor np (cdr (car dp)) 
                                math-simplify-divisor-nover 
                                math-simplify-divisor-dover)
	 (and (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 (car dp)) t)
	      (math-simplify-divisor np (cdr (cdr (car dp)))
				     math-simplify-divisor-nover 
                                     (not math-simplify-divisor-dover))))
	((or (or (eq (car math-simplify-expr) '/)
		 (let ((signs (math-possible-signs (car np))))
		   (or (memq signs '(1 4))
		       (and (memq (car math-simplify-expr) '(calcFunc-eq calcFunc-neq))
			    (eq signs 5))
		       math-living-dangerously)))
	     (math-numberp (car np)))
	 (let (d
               (safe t) 
               (scalar (math-known-scalarp (car np))))
	   (while (and (eq (car-safe (setq d (car dp))) '*)
		       safe)
	     (math-simplify-one-divisor np (cdr d))
	     (setq safe (or scalar (math-known-scalarp (nth 1 d) t))
		   dp (cdr (cdr d))))
	   (if safe
	       (math-simplify-one-divisor np dp))))))

(defun math-simplify-one-divisor (np dp)
  (let ((temp (math-combine-prod (car np) (car dp) math-simplify-divisor-nover 
                                 math-simplify-divisor-dover t))
        op)
    (if temp 
        (progn
          (and (not (memq (car math-simplify-expr) '(/ calcFunc-eq calcFunc-neq)))
               (math-known-negp (car dp))
               (setq op (assq (car math-simplify-expr) calc-tweak-eqn-table))
               (setcar math-simplify-expr (nth 1 op)))
          (setcar np (if math-simplify-divisor-nover (math-div 1 temp) temp))
          (setcar dp 1))
      (and math-simplify-divisor-dover (not math-simplify-divisor-nover) 
           (eq (car math-simplify-expr) '/)
           (eq (car-safe (car dp)) 'calcFunc-sqrt)
           (Math-integerp (nth 1 (car dp)))
           (progn
             (setcar np (math-mul (car np)
                                  (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (nth 1 (car dp)))))
             (setcar dp (nth 1 (car dp))))))))

(defun math-common-constant-factor (expr)
  (if (Math-realp expr)
      (if (Math-ratp expr)
	  (and (not (memq expr '(0 1 -1)))

(math-defsimplify %
  (math-simplify-mod))

(defun math-simplify-mod ()
  (and (Math-realp (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))
       (Math-posp (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))
       (let ((lin (math-is-linear (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
	     t1 t2 t3)
	 (or (and lin
		  (or (math-negp (car lin))
		      (not (Math-lessp (car lin) (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))))
		  (list '%
			(list '+
			      (math-mul (nth 1 lin) (nth 2 lin))
			      (math-mod (car lin) (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)))
			(nth 2 math-simplify-expr)))
	     (and lin
		  (not (math-equal-int (nth 1 lin) 1))
		  (math-num-integerp (nth 1 lin))
		  (math-num-integerp (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))
		  (setq t1 (calcFunc-gcd (nth 1 lin) (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)))
		  (not (math-equal-int t1 1))
		  (list '*
			t1
			(list '%
			      (list '+
				    (math-mul (math-div (nth 1 lin) t1)
					      (nth 2 lin))
				    (let ((calc-prefer-frac t))
				      (math-div (car lin) t1)))
			      (math-div (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) t1))))
	     (and (math-equal-int (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) 1)
		  (math-known-integerp (if lin
					   (math-mul (nth 1 lin) (nth 2 lin))
					 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
		  (if lin (math-mod (car lin) 1) 0))))))

(math-defsimplify (calcFunc-eq calcFunc-neq calcFunc-lt
			       calcFunc-gt calcFunc-leq calcFunc-geq)
  (if (= (length math-simplify-expr) 3)
      (math-simplify-ineq)))

(defun math-simplify-ineq ()
  (let ((np (cdr math-simplify-expr))
	n)
    (while (memq (car-safe (setq n (car np))) '(+ -))
      (math-simplify-add-term (cdr (cdr n)) (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr))
			      (eq (car n) '-) nil)
      (setq np (cdr n)))
    (math-simplify-add-term np (cdr (cdr math-simplify-expr)) nil 
                            (eq np (cdr math-simplify-expr)))
    (math-simplify-divide)
    (let ((signs (math-possible-signs (cons '- (cdr math-simplify-expr)))))
      (or (cond ((eq (car math-simplify-expr) 'calcFunc-eq)
		 (or (and (eq signs 2) 1)
		     (and (memq signs '(1 4 5)) 0)))
		((eq (car math-simplify-expr) 'calcFunc-neq)
		 (or (and (eq signs 2) 0)
		     (and (memq signs '(1 4 5)) 1)))
		((eq (car math-simplify-expr) 'calcFunc-lt)
		 (or (and (eq signs 1) 1)
		     (and (memq signs '(2 4 6)) 0)))
		((eq (car math-simplify-expr) 'calcFunc-gt)
		 (or (and (eq signs 4) 1)
		     (and (memq signs '(1 2 3)) 0)))
		((eq (car math-simplify-expr) 'calcFunc-leq)
		 (or (and (eq signs 4) 0)
		     (and (memq signs '(1 2 3)) 1)))
		((eq (car math-simplify-expr) 'calcFunc-geq)
		 (or (and (eq signs 1) 0)
		     (and (memq signs '(2 4 6)) 1))))
	  math-simplify-expr))))

(defun math-simplify-add-term (np dp minus lplain)
  (or (math-vectorp (car np))
      (let ((rplain t)
	    n d dd temp)

	      (progn
		(setcar np 0)
		(setcar dp (setq n (math-neg temp)))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-sin
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsin)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
      (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-sin (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'rad)
	   (let ((n (math-linear-in (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) '(var pi var-pi))))
	     (and n
		  (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) 120 0))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'deg)
	   (let ((n (math-integer-plus (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	     (and n
		  (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) '(frac 2 3) 0))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arccos)
	   (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-sub 1 (math-sqr 
                                             (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arctan)
	   (math-div (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
		     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-add 1 (math-sqr 
                                        (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))))
      (let ((m (math-should-expand-trig (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	(and m (integerp (car m))
	     (let ((n (car m)) (a (nth 1 m)))
	       (list '+
		     (list '* (list 'calcFunc-sin (list '* (1- n) a))
			   (list 'calcFunc-cos a))
		     (list '* (list 'calcFunc-cos (list '* (1- n) a))
			   (list 'calcFunc-sin a))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-cos
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arccos)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
      (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (list 'calcFunc-cos (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'rad)
	   (let ((n (math-linear-in (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) '(var pi var-pi))))
	     (and n
		  (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) 120 300))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'deg)
	   (let ((n (math-integer-plus (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	     (and n
		  (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) '(frac 2 3) 300))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsin)
	   (list 'calcFunc-sqrt 
                 (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arctan)
	   (math-div 1
		     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-add 1 
                                     (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))))
      (let ((m (math-should-expand-trig (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	(and m (integerp (car m))
	     (let ((n (car m)) (a (nth 1 m)))
	       (list '-
		     (list '* (list 'calcFunc-cos (list '* (1- n) a))
			   (list 'calcFunc-cos a))
		     (list '* (list 'calcFunc-sin (list '* (1- n) a))
			   (list 'calcFunc-sin a))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-sec
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (list 'calcFunc-sec (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'rad)
	   (let ((n (math-linear-in (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) '(var pi var-pi))))
	     (and n
		  (math-div 1 (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) 120 300)))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'deg)
	   (let ((n (math-integer-plus (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	     (and n
                  (math-div 1 (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) '(frac 2 3) 300)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsin)
           (math-div 
            1
            (list 'calcFunc-sqrt 
                  (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arccos)
           (math-div 
            1
            (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arctan)
           (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
                 (math-add 1 
                           (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-csc
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-csc (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'rad)
	   (let ((n (math-linear-in (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) '(var pi var-pi))))
	     (and n
                  (math-div 1 (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) 120 0)))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'deg)
	   (let ((n (math-integer-plus (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	     (and n
                  (math-div 1 (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) '(frac 2 3) 0)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsin)
	   (math-div 1 (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arccos)
           (math-div 
            1
            (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-sub 1 (math-sqr 
                                              (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arctan)
	   (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-add 1 (math-sqr 
                                        (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
                     (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))

(defun math-should-expand-trig (x &optional hyperbolic)
  (let ((m (math-is-multiple x)))
    (and math-living-dangerously
	 m (or (and (integerp (car m)) (> (car m) 1))

	   (cond ((eq n 0) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-sin plus)))
		 ((eq n 60) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-cos plus)))
		 (t nil))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-tan
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arctan)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
      (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-tan (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'rad)
	   (let ((n (math-linear-in (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) '(var pi var-pi))))
	     (and n
		  (math-known-tan (car n) (nth 1 n) 120))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'deg)
	   (let ((n (math-integer-plus (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	     (and n
		  (math-known-tan (car n) (nth 1 n) '(frac 2 3)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsin)
	   (math-div (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
		     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arccos)
	   (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
		     (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
      (let ((m (math-should-expand-trig (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	(and m
	     (if (equal (car m) '(frac 1 2))
		 (math-div (math-sub 1 (list 'calcFunc-cos (nth 1 m)))
			   (list 'calcFunc-sin (nth 1 m)))
	       (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sin (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
			 (list 'calcFunc-cos (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-cot
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-cot (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'rad)
	   (let ((n (math-linear-in (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) '(var pi var-pi))))
	     (and n
                  (math-div 1 (math-known-tan (car n) (nth 1 n) 120)))))
      (and (eq calc-angle-mode 'deg)
	   (let ((n (math-integer-plus (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	     (and n
                  (math-div 1 (math-known-tan (car n) (nth 1 n) '(frac 2 3))))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsin)
	   (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
                     (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arccos)
	   (math-div (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
                     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arctan)
	   (math-div 1 (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))

(defun math-known-tan (plus n mul)
  (setq n (math-mul n mul))
  (and (math-num-integerp n)
       (setq n (math-mod (math-trunc n) 120))

		 ((eq n 60) (math-normalize (list '/ -1
						  (list 'calcFunc-tan plus))))
		 (t nil))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-sinh
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsinh)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
      (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-sinh (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arccosh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (list 'calcFunc-sqrt 
                 (math-sub (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) 1)))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arctanh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (math-div (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
		     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))))
      (let ((m (math-should-expand-trig (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) t)))
	(and m (integerp (car m))
	     (let ((n (car m)) (a (nth 1 m)))
	       (if (> n 1)
		   (list '+
			 (list '* (list 'calcFunc-sinh (list '* (1- n) a))
			       (list 'calcFunc-cosh a))
			 (list '* (list 'calcFunc-cosh (list '* (1- n) a))
			       (list 'calcFunc-sinh a)))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-cosh
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arccosh)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
      (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (list 'calcFunc-cosh (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsinh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (list 'calcFunc-sqrt 
                 (math-add (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) 1)))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arctanh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (math-div 1
		     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))))
      (let ((m (math-should-expand-trig (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) t)))
	(and m (integerp (car m))
	     (let ((n (car m)) (a (nth 1 m)))
	       (if (> n 1)
		   (list '+
			 (list '* (list 'calcFunc-cosh (list '* (1- n) a))
			       (list 'calcFunc-cosh a))
			 (list '* (list 'calcFunc-sinh (list '* (1- n) a))
			       (list 'calcFunc-sinh a)))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-tanh
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arctanh)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
      (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-tanh (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsinh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (math-div (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
		     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-add (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) 1))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arccosh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) 1))
		     (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
      (let ((m (math-should-expand-trig (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) t)))
	(and m
	     (if (equal (car m) '(frac 1 2))
		 (math-div (math-sub (list 'calcFunc-cosh (nth 1 m)) 1)
			   (list 'calcFunc-sinh (nth 1 m)))
	       (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sinh (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
			 (list 'calcFunc-cosh (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-sech
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (list 'calcFunc-sech (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsinh)
	   math-living-dangerously
           (math-div 
            1
            (list 'calcFunc-sqrt 
                  (math-add (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) 1))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arccosh)
	   math-living-dangerously
           (math-div 1 (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) 1)
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arctanh)
	   math-living-dangerously
           (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
                 (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-csch
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-csch (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsinh)
	   math-living-dangerously
           (math-div 1 (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arccosh)
	   math-living-dangerously
           (math-div 
            1
            (list 'calcFunc-sqrt 
                  (math-sub (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) 1))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arctanh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub 1 (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
                     (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-coth
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-coth (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arcsinh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-add (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) 1))
                     (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arccosh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (math-div (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
                     (list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			   (math-sub (math-sqr (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) 1))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-arctanh)
	   math-living-dangerously
	   (math-div 1 (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-arcsin
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-arcsin (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) 1)
	   (math-quarter-circle t))
      (and (equal (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) '(frac 1 2))
	   (math-div (math-half-circle t) 6))
      (and math-living-dangerously
	   (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-sin)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
      (and math-living-dangerously
	   (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-cos)
	   (math-sub (math-quarter-circle t)
		     (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-arccos
  (or (and (eq (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) 0)
	   (math-quarter-circle t))
      (and (eq (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) -1)
	   (math-half-circle t))
      (and (equal (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) '(frac 1 2))
	   (math-div (math-half-circle t) 3))
      (and (equal (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) '(frac -1 2))
	   (math-div (math-mul (math-half-circle t) 2) 3))
      (and math-living-dangerously
	   (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-cos)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
      (and math-living-dangerously
	   (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-sin)
	   (math-sub (math-quarter-circle t)
		     (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-arctan
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-arctan (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) 1)
	   (math-div (math-half-circle t) 4))
      (and math-living-dangerously
	   (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-tan)
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-arcsinh
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-arcsinh (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-sinh)
	   (or math-living-dangerously
	       (math-known-realp (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-arccosh
  (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-cosh)
       (or math-living-dangerously
	   (math-known-realp (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
       (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-arctanh
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-arctanh (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-tanh)
	   (or math-living-dangerously
	       (math-known-realp (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-sqrt
  (math-simplify-sqrt))

(defun math-simplify-sqrt ()
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'frac)
	   (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sqrt 
                           (math-mul (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
                                     (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
		     (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
      (let ((fac (if (math-objectp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
		     (math-squared-factor (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
		   (math-common-constant-factor (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
	(and fac (not (eq fac 1))
	     (math-mul (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-sqrt fac))
		       (math-normalize
			(list 'calcFunc-sqrt
			      (math-cancel-common-factor 
                               (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) fac))))))
      (and math-living-dangerously
	   (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) '-)
		    (math-equal-int (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 1)
		    (eq (car-safe (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) '^)
		    (math-equal-int (nth 2 (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) 2)
		    (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
				 'calcFunc-sin)
			     (list 'calcFunc-cos
				   (nth 1 (nth 1 (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))
			(and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
				 'calcFunc-cos)
			     (list 'calcFunc-sin
				   (nth 1 (nth 1 (nth 2 
                                                      (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))))
	       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) '-)
		    (math-equal-int (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 1)
		    (eq (car-safe (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) '^)
		    (math-equal-int (nth 2 (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))) 2)
		    (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
			     'calcFunc-cosh)
			 (list 'calcFunc-sinh
			       (nth 1 (nth 1 (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))))
	       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) '+)
		    (let ((a (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
			  (b (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
		      (and (or (and (math-equal-int a 1)
				    (setq a b b (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
			       (math-equal-int b 1))
			   (eq (car-safe a) '^)
			   (math-equal-int (nth 2 a) 2)
			   (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 a)) 'calcFunc-sinh)
				    (list 'calcFunc-cosh (nth 1 (nth 1 a))))
                               (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 a)) 'calcFunc-csch)
				    (list 'calcFunc-coth (nth 1 (nth 1 a))))
			       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 a)) 'calcFunc-tan)
				    (list '/ 1 (list 'calcFunc-cos
						     (nth 1 (nth 1 a)))))
			       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 a)) 'calcFunc-cot)
				    (list '/ 1 (list 'calcFunc-sin
						     (nth 1 (nth 1 a)))))))))
	       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) '^)
		    (list '^
			  (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
			  (math-div (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 2)))
	       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-sqrt)
		    (list '^ (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) (math-div 1 4)))
	       (and (memq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) '(* /))
		    (list (car (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
			  (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
			  (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
	       (and (memq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) '(+ -))
		    (not (math-any-floats (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
		    (let ((f (calcFunc-factors (calcFunc-expand
						(nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
		      (and (math-vectorp f)
			   (or (> (length f) 2)
			       (> (nth 2 (nth 1 f)) 1))
			   (let ((out 1) (rest 1) (sums 1) fac pow)
			     (while (setq f (cdr f))

		    fac (math-mul fac (car prsqr)))
	    (setq prsqr (cdr prsqr))))
	fac)))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-exp
  (math-simplify-exp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))

(defun math-simplify-exp (x)
  (or (and (eq (car-safe x) 'calcFunc-ln)
	   (nth 1 x))
      (and math-living-dangerously

		  (setq s (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) 120 0))
		  (setq c (math-known-sin (car n) (nth 1 n) 120 300))
		  (list '+ c (list '* s '(var i var-i))))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-ln
  (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-exp)
	   (or math-living-dangerously
	       (math-known-realp (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	   (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) '^)
	   (equal (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) '(var e var-e))
	   (or math-living-dangerously
	       (math-known-realp (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
	   (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
      (and calc-symbolic-mode
	   (math-known-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-add (list 'calcFunc-ln (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
		     '(* (var pi var-pi) (var i var-i))))
      (and calc-symbolic-mode
	   (math-known-imagp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (let* ((ip (calcFunc-im (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))
		  (ips (math-possible-signs ip)))
	     (or (and (memq ips '(4 6))
		      (math-add (list 'calcFunc-ln ip)
				'(/ (* (var pi var-pi) (var i var-i)) 2)))
		 (and (memq ips '(1 3))

(math-defsimplify ^
  (math-simplify-pow))

(defun math-simplify-pow ()
  (or (and math-living-dangerously
	   (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) '^)
		    (list '^
			  (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
			  (math-mul (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) 
                                    (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
	       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-sqrt)
		    (list '^
			  (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
			  (math-div (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) 2)))
	       (and (memq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) '(* /))
		    (list (car (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
			  (list '^ (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 
                                (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))
			  (list '^ (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 
                                (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))))))
      (and (math-equal-int (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) 10)
	   (eq (car-safe (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-log10)
	   (nth 1 (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)))
      (and (equal (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) '(var e var-e))
	   (math-simplify-exp (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-exp)
	   (not math-integrating)
	   (list 'calcFunc-exp (math-mul (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 
                                         (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))))
      (and (equal (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) '(var i var-i))
	   (math-imaginary-i)
	   (math-num-integerp (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))
	   (let ((x (math-mod (math-trunc (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)) 4)))
	     (cond ((eq x 0) 1)
		   ((eq x 1) (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
		   ((eq x 2) -1)
		   ((eq x 3) (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))))
      (and math-integrating
	   (integerp (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))
	   (>= (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) 2)
	   (or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-cos)
		    (math-mul (math-pow (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) 
                                        (- (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) 2))
			      (math-sub 1
					(math-sqr
					 (list 'calcFunc-sin
					       (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))))
	       (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-cosh)
		    (math-mul (math-pow (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) 
                                        (- (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) 2))
			      (math-add 1
					(math-sqr
					 (list 'calcFunc-sinh
					       (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)) 'frac)
	   (Math-ratp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (Math-posp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (if (equal (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) '(frac 1 2))
	       (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	     (let ((flr (math-floor (nth 2 math-simplify-expr))))
	       (and (not (Math-zerop flr))
		    (list '* (list '^ (nth 1 math-simplify-expr) flr)
			  (list '^ (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)
				(math-sub (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) flr)))))))
      (and (eq (math-quarter-integer (nth 2 math-simplify-expr)) 2)
	   (let ((temp (math-simplify-sqrt)))
	     (and temp
		  (list '^ temp (math-mul (nth 2 math-simplify-expr) 2)))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-log10
  (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) '^)
       (math-equal-int (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 10)
       (or math-living-dangerously
	   (math-known-realp (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))
       (nth 2 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))))


(math-defsimplify calcFunc-erf
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-neg (list 'calcFunc-erf (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-conj)
	   (list 'calcFunc-conj 
                 (list 'calcFunc-erf (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))))

(math-defsimplify calcFunc-erfc
  (or (and (math-looks-negp (nth 1 math-simplify-expr))
	   (math-sub 2 (list 'calcFunc-erfc (math-neg (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))
      (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)) 'calcFunc-conj)
	   (list 'calcFunc-conj 
                 (list 'calcFunc-erfc (nth 1 (nth 1 math-simplify-expr)))))))


(defun math-linear-in (expr term &optional always)
  (if (math-expr-contains expr term)
      (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t)

    (while (and (setq thing (cdr thing))
		(not (math-expr-depends expr (car thing)))))
    thing))

;;; Substitute all occurrences of old for new in expr (non-destructive).

;; The variables math-expr-subst-old and math-expr-subst-new are local
;; for math-expr-subst, but used by math-expr-subst-rec.
(defvar math-expr-subst-old)
(defvar math-expr-subst-new)

(defun math-expr-subst (expr math-expr-subst-old math-expr-subst-new)
  (math-expr-subst-rec expr))

(defalias 'calcFunc-subst 'math-expr-subst)

(defun math-expr-subst-rec (expr)
  (cond ((equal expr math-expr-subst-old) math-expr-subst-new)
	((Math-primp expr) expr)
	((memq (car expr) '(calcFunc-deriv
			    calcFunc-tderiv))
	 (if (= (length expr) 2)
	     (if (equal (nth 1 expr) math-expr-subst-old)
		 (append expr (list math-expr-subst-new))
	       expr)
	   (list (car expr) (nth 1 expr)
		 (math-expr-subst-rec (nth 2 expr)))))
	(t
	 (cons (car expr)

	(math-normalize   ; fix selection bug
	 (math-build-polynomial-expr p base))
      expr)))

;;; If expr is of the form "a + bx + cx^2 + ...", return the list (a b c ...),
;;; else return nil if not in polynomial form.  If "loose" (math-is-poly-loose), 
;;; coefficients may contain x, e.g., sin(x) + cos(x) x^2 is a loose polynomial in x.

;; The variables math-is-poly-degree and math-is-poly-loose are local to 
;; math-is-polynomial, but are used by math-is-poly-rec
(defvar math-is-poly-degree)
(defvar math-is-poly-loose)

(defun math-is-polynomial (expr var &optional math-is-poly-degree math-is-poly-loose)
  (let* ((math-poly-base-variable (if math-is-poly-loose
				      (if (eq math-is-poly-loose 'gen) var '(var XXX XXX))
				    math-poly-base-variable))
	 (poly (math-is-poly-rec expr math-poly-neg-powers)))
    (and (or (null math-is-poly-degree)
	     (<= (length poly) (1+ math-is-poly-degree)))
	 poly)))

(defun math-is-poly-rec (expr negpow)
  (math-poly-simplify
   (or (cond ((or (equal expr var)

					(list 0 1)
				      (math-is-poly-rec expr nil)))
				(n pow)
				(accum (list 1)))
			    (and p1
				 (or (null math-is-poly-degree)
				     (<= (* (1- (length p1)) n) math-is-poly-degree))
				 (progn
				   (while (>= n 1)
				     (setq accum (math-poly-mul accum p1)
					   n (1- n)))
				   accum)))

	     ((eq (car expr) '*)
	      (let ((p1 (math-is-poly-rec (nth 1 expr) negpow)))
		(and p1
		     (let ((p2 (math-is-poly-rec (nth 2 expr) negpow)))
		       (and p2
			    (or (null math-is-poly-degree)
				(<= (- (+ (length p1) (length p2)) 2) 
                                    math-is-poly-degree))
			    (math-poly-mul p1 p2))))))
	     ((eq (car expr) '/)
	      (and (or (not (math-poly-depends (nth 2 expr) var))
		       (and negpow
			    (math-is-poly-rec (nth 2 expr) nil)

	     ((and (eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-sqrt)
		   math-poly-frac-powers)
	      (math-is-poly-rec (list '^ (nth 1 expr) '(frac 1 2)) negpow))
	     (t nil))
       (and (or (not (math-poly-depends expr var))
		math-is-poly-loose)
	    (not (eq (car expr) 'vec))
	    (list expr)))))

;;; Check if expr is a polynomial in var; if so, return its degree.
(defun math-polynomial-p (expr var)

  (if math-poly-base-variable
      (math-expr-contains expr math-poly-base-variable)
    (math-expr-depends expr var)))

;;; Find the variable (or sub-expression) which is the base of polynomial expr.
;; The variables math-poly-base-const-ok and math-poly-base-pred are
;; local to math-polynomial-base, but are used by math-polynomial-base-rec.
(defvar math-poly-base-const-ok)
(defvar math-poly-base-pred)

;; The variable math-poly-base-top-expr is local to math-polynomial-base,
;; but is used by math-polynomial-p1 in calc-poly.el, which is called
;; by math-polynomial-base.

(defun math-polynomial-base (math-poly-base-top-expr &optional math-poly-base-pred)
  (or math-poly-base-pred
      (setq math-poly-base-pred (function (lambda (base) (math-polynomial-p
					       math-poly-base-top-expr base)))))
  (or (let ((math-poly-base-const-ok nil))
	(math-polynomial-base-rec math-poly-base-top-expr))
      (let ((math-poly-base-const-ok t))
	(math-polynomial-base-rec math-poly-base-top-expr))))

(defun math-polynomial-base-rec (mpb-expr)
  (and (not (Math-objvecp mpb-expr))
       (or (and (memq (car mpb-expr) '(+ - *))
		(or (math-polynomial-base-rec (nth 1 mpb-expr))

		(math-polynomial-base-rec (nth 1 mpb-expr)))
	   (and (eq (car mpb-expr) '^)
		(math-polynomial-base-rec (nth 1 mpb-expr)))
	   (and (eq (car mpb-expr) 'calcFunc-exp)
		(math-polynomial-base-rec '(var e var-e)))
	   (and (or math-poly-base-const-ok (math-expr-contains-vars mpb-expr))
		(funcall math-poly-base-pred mpb-expr)
		mpb-expr))))

;;; Return non-nil if expr refers to any variables.
(defun math-expr-contains-vars (expr)
  (or (eq (car-safe expr) 'var)

		    (< (nth 1 f) 1000)
		    (math-make-frac (nth 1 f)
				    (math-scale-int 1 (- (nth 2 f)))))))
      f))

(provide 'calc-alg)

;;; arch-tag: 52e7dcdf-9688-464d-a02b-4bbe789348d0
;;; calc-alg.el ends here