comparison man/calc.texi @ 59425:e33735d47392

Changed references to .emacs to Calc init file.

59424:1c4ad61afb54

@kindex m m
@pindex calc-save-modes
@cindex Continuous memory
@cindex Saving mode settings
@cindex Permanent mode settings
@cindex @file{.emacs} file, mode settings
You can save all of the current mode settings in your @file{.emacs} file
with the @kbd{m m} (@code{calc-save-modes}) command.  This will cause
Emacs to reestablish these modes each time it starts up.  The modes saved
in the file include everything controlled by the @kbd{m} and @kbd{d}
prefix keys, the current precision and binary word size, whether or not
the trail is displayed, the current height of the Calc window, and more.
The current interface (used when you type @kbd{M-# M-#}) is also saved.
If there were already saved mode settings in the file, they are replaced.
Otherwise, the new mode information is appended to the end of the file.

@kindex m R
@pindex calc-mode-record-mode
The @kbd{m R} (@code{calc-mode-record-mode}) command tells Calc to
record the new mode settings (as if by pressing @kbd{m m}) every

@item Break
Selections show deep structure (@kbd{j b}; @pxref{Making Selections}).

@item Save
Record modes in @file{~/.emacs} (@kbd{m R}; @pxref{General Mode Commands}).

@item Local
Record modes in Embedded buffer (@kbd{m R}).

@item LocEdit

Temperature units are treated specially inside the Calculator; it is not
possible to create user-defined temperature units.

@kindex u p
@pindex calc-permanent-units
@cindex @file{.emacs} file, user-defined units
The @kbd{u p} (@code{calc-permanent-units}) command stores the user-defined
units in your @file{.emacs} file, so that the units will still be
available in subsequent Emacs sessions.  If there was already a set of
user-defined units in your @file{.emacs} file, it is replaced by the
new set.  (@xref{General Mode Commands}, for a way to tell Calc to use
a different file instead of @file{.emacs}.)

@node Store and Recall, Graphics, Units, Top
@chapter Storing and Recalling

@noindent

@kindex s p
@pindex calc-permanent-variable
@cindex Storing variables
@cindex Permanent variables
@cindex @file{.emacs} file, variables
The @kbd{s p} (@code{calc-permanent-variable}) command saves a
variable's value permanently in your @file{.emacs} file, so that its
value will still be available in future Emacs sessions.  You can
re-execute @w{@kbd{s p}} later on to update the saved value, but the
only way to remove a saved variable is to edit your @file{.emacs} file
by hand.  (@xref{General Mode Commands}, for a way to tell Calc to
use a different file instead of @file{.emacs}.)

If you do not specify the name of a variable to save (i.e.,
@kbd{s p @key{RET}}), all Calc variables with defined values
are saved except for the special constants @code{pi}, @code{e},
@code{i}, @code{phi}, and @code{gamma}; the variables @code{TimeZone}

The @kbd{s i} (@code{calc-insert-variables}) command writes
the values of all Calc variables into a specified buffer.
The variables are written with the prefix @code{var-} in the form of
Lisp @code{setq} commands 
which store the values in string form.  You can place these commands
in your @file{.emacs} buffer if you wish, though in this case it
would be easier to use @kbd{s p @key{RET}}.  (Note that @kbd{s i}
omits the same set of variables as @w{@kbd{s p @key{RET}}}; the difference
is that @kbd{s i} will store the variables in any buffer, and it also
stores in a more human-readable format.)

Software Foundation's machine @samp{prep.ai.mit.edu}.)

@vindex calc-gnuplot-name
If you have GNUPLOT installed on your system but Calc is unable to
find it, you may need to set the @code{calc-gnuplot-name} variable
in your @file{.emacs} file.  You may also need to set some Lisp
variables to show Calc how to run GNUPLOT on your system; these
are described under @kbd{g D} and @kbd{g O} below.  If you are
using the X window system, Calc will configure GNUPLOT for you
automatically.  If you have GNUPLOT 3.0 and you are not using X,
Calc will configure GNUPLOT to display graphs using simple character

We would have to go down to the other formula and press @kbd{M-# u}
on it in order to get it to notice the new annotation.

Two more mode-recording modes selectable by @kbd{m R} are @code{Save}
(which works even outside of Embedded mode), in which mode settings
are recorded permanently in your Emacs startup file @file{~/.emacs}
rather than by annotating the current document, and no-recording
mode (where there is no symbol like @code{Save} or @code{Local} in
the mode line), in which mode-changing commands do not leave any
annotations at all.

@noindent
You can modify Embedded mode's behavior by setting various Lisp
variables described here.  Use @kbd{M-x set-variable} or
@kbd{M-x edit-options} to adjust a variable on the fly, or
put a suitable @code{setq} statement in your @file{~/.emacs}
file to set a variable permanently.  (Another possibility would
be to use a file-local variable annotation at the end of the
file; @pxref{File Variables, , Local Variables in Files, emacs, the
Emacs manual}.)

While none of these variables will be buffer-local by default, you

@kindex Z P
@pindex calc-user-define-permanent
@cindex Storing user definitions
@cindex Permanent user definitions
@cindex @file{.emacs} file, user-defined commands
The @kbd{Z P} (@code{calc-user-define-permanent}) command makes a key
binding permanent so that it will remain in effect even in future Emacs
sessions.  (It does this by adding a suitable bit of Lisp code into
your @file{.emacs} file.)  For example, @kbd{Z P s} would register
our @code{sincos} command permanently.  If you later wish to unregister
this command you must edit your @file{.emacs} file by hand.
(@xref{General Mode Commands}, for a way to tell Calc to use a
different file instead of @file{.emacs}.)

The @kbd{Z P} command also saves the user definition, if any, for the
command bound to the key.  After @kbd{Z F} and @kbd{Z C}, a given user
key could invoke a command, which in turn calls an algebraic function,
which might have one or more special display formats.  A single @kbd{Z P}

@example
:"n * myfact(n-1)"
@end example

If a file named @file{.emacs} exists in your home directory, Emacs reads
and executes the Lisp forms in this file as it starts up.  While it may
seem like a good idea to put your favorite @code{defmath} commands here,
this has the unfortunate side-effect that parts of the Calculator must be
loaded in to process the @code{defmath} commands whether or not you will
actually use the Calculator!  A better effect can be had by writing

@example
(put 'calc-define 'thing '(progn
 (defmath ... )
 (defmath ... )

@end defvar

@defvar calc-mode-save-hook
This hook is called by the @code{calc-save-modes} command,
after Calc's own mode features have been inserted into the
@file{.emacs} buffer and just before the ``End of mode settings''
message is inserted.
@end defvar

@defvar calc-reset-hook
This hook is called after @kbd{M-# 0} (@code{calc-reset}) has

The variables in this list that do not contain dashes are accessible
as Calc variables.  Add a @samp{var-} prefix to get the name of the
corresponding Lisp variable.

The remaining variables are Lisp variables suitable for @code{setq}ing
in your @file{.emacs} file.

@printindex vr

@node Lisp Function Index, , Variable Index, Top
@unnumbered Index of Lisp Math Functions

59425:e33735d47392

@kindex m m
@pindex calc-save-modes
@cindex Continuous memory
@cindex Saving mode settings
@cindex Permanent mode settings
@cindex Calc init file, mode settings
You can save all of the current mode settings in your Calc init file 
(the file given by the variable @code{calc-settings-file}, typically
@file{~/.calc.el}) with the @kbd{m m} (@code{calc-save-modes}) command.
This will cause Emacs to reestablish these modes each time it starts up.
The modes saved in the file include everything controlled by the @kbd{m}
and @kbd{d} prefix keys, the current precision and binary word size,
whether or not the trail is displayed, the current height of the Calc
window, and more.  The current interface (used when you type @kbd{M-#
M-#}) is also saved.  If there were already saved mode settings in the
file, they are replaced.  Otherwise, the new mode information is
appended to the end of the file.

@kindex m R
@pindex calc-mode-record-mode
The @kbd{m R} (@code{calc-mode-record-mode}) command tells Calc to
record the new mode settings (as if by pressing @kbd{m m}) every

@item Break
Selections show deep structure (@kbd{j b}; @pxref{Making Selections}).

@item Save
Record modes in @file{~/.calc.el} (@kbd{m R}; @pxref{General Mode Commands}).

@item Local
Record modes in Embedded buffer (@kbd{m R}).

@item LocEdit

Temperature units are treated specially inside the Calculator; it is not
possible to create user-defined temperature units.

@kindex u p
@pindex calc-permanent-units
@cindex Calc init file, user-defined units
The @kbd{u p} (@code{calc-permanent-units}) command stores the user-defined
units in your Calc init file (the file given by the variable
@code{calc-settings-file}, typically @file{~/.calc.el}), so that the
units will still be available in subsequent Emacs sessions.  If there
was already a set of user-defined units in your Calc init file, it
is replaced by the new set.  (@xref{General Mode Commands}, for a way to
tell Calc to use a different file for the Calc init file.)

@node Store and Recall, Graphics, Units, Top
@chapter Storing and Recalling

@noindent

@kindex s p
@pindex calc-permanent-variable
@cindex Storing variables
@cindex Permanent variables
@cindex Calc init file, variables
The @kbd{s p} (@code{calc-permanent-variable}) command saves a
variable's value permanently in your Calc init file (the file given by
the variable @code{calc-settings-file}, typically @file{~/.calc.el}), so
that its value will still be available in future Emacs sessions.  You
can re-execute @w{@kbd{s p}} later on to update the saved value, but the
only way to remove a saved variable is to edit your calc init file
by hand.  (@xref{General Mode Commands}, for a way to tell Calc to
use a different file for the Calc init file.)

If you do not specify the name of a variable to save (i.e.,
@kbd{s p @key{RET}}), all Calc variables with defined values
are saved except for the special constants @code{pi}, @code{e},
@code{i}, @code{phi}, and @code{gamma}; the variables @code{TimeZone}

The @kbd{s i} (@code{calc-insert-variables}) command writes
the values of all Calc variables into a specified buffer.
The variables are written with the prefix @code{var-} in the form of
Lisp @code{setq} commands 
which store the values in string form.  You can place these commands
in your Calc init file (or @file{.emacs}) if you wish, though in this case it
would be easier to use @kbd{s p @key{RET}}.  (Note that @kbd{s i}
omits the same set of variables as @w{@kbd{s p @key{RET}}}; the difference
is that @kbd{s i} will store the variables in any buffer, and it also
stores in a more human-readable format.)

Software Foundation's machine @samp{prep.ai.mit.edu}.)

@vindex calc-gnuplot-name
If you have GNUPLOT installed on your system but Calc is unable to
find it, you may need to set the @code{calc-gnuplot-name} variable
in your Calc init file or @file{.emacs}.  You may also need to set some Lisp
variables to show Calc how to run GNUPLOT on your system; these
are described under @kbd{g D} and @kbd{g O} below.  If you are
using the X window system, Calc will configure GNUPLOT for you
automatically.  If you have GNUPLOT 3.0 and you are not using X,
Calc will configure GNUPLOT to display graphs using simple character

We would have to go down to the other formula and press @kbd{M-# u}
on it in order to get it to notice the new annotation.

Two more mode-recording modes selectable by @kbd{m R} are @code{Save}
(which works even outside of Embedded mode), in which mode settings
are recorded permanently in your Calc init file (the file given by the
variable @code{calc-settings-file}, typically @file{~/.calc.el})
rather than by annotating the current document, and no-recording
mode (where there is no symbol like @code{Save} or @code{Local} in
the mode line), in which mode-changing commands do not leave any
annotations at all.

@noindent
You can modify Embedded mode's behavior by setting various Lisp
variables described here.  Use @kbd{M-x set-variable} or
@kbd{M-x edit-options} to adjust a variable on the fly, or
put a suitable @code{setq} statement in your Calc init file (or 
@file{~/.emacs}) to set a variable permanently.  (Another possibility would
be to use a file-local variable annotation at the end of the
file; @pxref{File Variables, , Local Variables in Files, emacs, the
Emacs manual}.)

While none of these variables will be buffer-local by default, you

@kindex Z P
@pindex calc-user-define-permanent
@cindex Storing user definitions
@cindex Permanent user definitions
@cindex Calc init file, user-defined commands
The @kbd{Z P} (@code{calc-user-define-permanent}) command makes a key
binding permanent so that it will remain in effect even in future Emacs
sessions.  (It does this by adding a suitable bit of Lisp code into
your Calc init file; that is, the file given by the variable
@code{calc-settings-file}, typically @file{~/.calc.el}.)  For example,
@kbd{Z P s} would register our @code{sincos} command permanently.  If
you later wish to unregister this command you must edit your Calc init
file by hand.  (@xref{General Mode Commands}, for a way to tell Calc to
use a different file for the Calc init file.)

The @kbd{Z P} command also saves the user definition, if any, for the
command bound to the key.  After @kbd{Z F} and @kbd{Z C}, a given user
key could invoke a command, which in turn calls an algebraic function,
which might have one or more special display formats.  A single @kbd{Z P}

@example
:"n * myfact(n-1)"
@end example

A good place to put your @code{defmath} commands is your Calc init file
(the file given by @code{calc-settings-file}, typically
@file{~/.calc.el}), which will not be loaded until Calc starts.
If a file named @file{.emacs} exists in your home directory, Emacs reads
and executes the Lisp forms in this file as it starts up.  While it may
seem reasonable to put your favorite @code{defmath} commands there,
this has the unfortunate side-effect that parts of the Calculator must be
loaded in to process the @code{defmath} commands whether or not you will
actually use the Calculator!  If you want to put the @code{defmath}
commands there (for example, if you redefine @code{calc-settings-file}
to be @file{.emacs}), a better effect can be had by writing

@example
(put 'calc-define 'thing '(progn
 (defmath ... )
 (defmath ... )

@end defvar

@defvar calc-mode-save-hook
This hook is called by the @code{calc-save-modes} command,
after Calc's own mode features have been inserted into the
Calc init file and just before the ``End of mode settings''
message is inserted.
@end defvar

@defvar calc-reset-hook
This hook is called after @kbd{M-# 0} (@code{calc-reset}) has

The variables in this list that do not contain dashes are accessible
as Calc variables.  Add a @samp{var-} prefix to get the name of the
corresponding Lisp variable.

The remaining variables are Lisp variables suitable for @code{setq}ing
in your Calc init file or @file{.emacs} file.

@printindex vr

@node Lisp Function Index, , Variable Index, Top
@unnumbered Index of Lisp Math Functions