Mercurial > emacs
diff man/mule.texi @ 52979:3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
author | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> |
---|---|
date | Sun, 02 Nov 2003 07:01:19 +0000 |
parents | 695cf19ef79e |
children | 7232ffdd33dd |
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--- a/man/mule.texi Sun Nov 02 06:29:59 2003 +0000 +++ b/man/mule.texi Sun Nov 02 07:01:19 2003 +0000 @@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ @itemize @bullet @item -You can visit files with non-ASCII characters, save non-ASCII text, and -pass non-ASCII text between Emacs and programs it invokes (such as +You can visit files with non-@acronym{ASCII} characters, save non-@acronym{ASCII} text, and +pass non-@acronym{ASCII} text between Emacs and programs it invokes (such as compilers, spell-checkers, and mailers). Setting your language environment (@pxref{Language Environments}) takes care of setting up the coding systems and other options for a specific language or culture. @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ for each command; see @ref{Specify Coding}. @item -You can display non-ASCII characters encoded by the various scripts. +You can display non-@acronym{ASCII} characters encoded by the various scripts. This works by using appropriate fonts on X and similar graphics displays (@pxref{Defining Fontsets}), and by sending special codes to text-only displays (@pxref{Specify Coding}). If some characters are @@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ describes possible problems and explains how to solve them. @item -You can insert non-ASCII characters or search for them. To do that, +You can insert non-@acronym{ASCII} characters or search for them. To do that, you can specify an input method (@pxref{Select Input Method}) suitable for your language, or use the default input method set up when you set your language environment. (Emacs input methods are part of the Leim package, which must be installed for you to be able to use them.) If -your keyboard can produce non-ASCII characters, you can select an +your keyboard can produce non-@acronym{ASCII} characters, you can select an appropriate keyboard coding system (@pxref{Specify Coding}), and Emacs will accept those characters. Latin-1 characters can also be input by using the @kbd{C-x 8} prefix, see @ref{Single-Byte Character Support, @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ many more-or-less standard coding systems for storing files. Emacs internally uses a single multibyte character encoding, so that it can intermix characters from all these scripts in a single buffer or string. -This encoding represents each non-ASCII character as a sequence of bytes +This encoding represents each non-@acronym{ASCII} character as a sequence of bytes in the range 0200 through 0377. Emacs translates between the multibyte character encoding and various other coding systems when reading and writing files, when exchanging data with subprocesses, and (in some @@ -187,11 +187,11 @@ @cindex Lisp files, and multibyte operation @cindex multibyte operation, and Lisp files @cindex unibyte operation, and Lisp files -@cindex init file, and non-ASCII characters -@cindex environment variables, and non-ASCII characters +@cindex init file, and non-@acronym{ASCII} characters +@cindex environment variables, and non-@acronym{ASCII} characters With @samp{--unibyte}, multibyte strings are not created during initialization from the values of environment variables, -@file{/etc/passwd} entries etc.@: that contain non-ASCII 8-bit +@file{/etc/passwd} entries etc.@: that contain non-@acronym{ASCII} 8-bit characters. Emacs normally loads Lisp files as multibyte, regardless of whether @@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ (The former variable overrides the latter.) It also adjusts the display table and terminal coding system, the locale coding system, the preferred coding system as needed for the locale, and---last but not -least---the way Emacs decodes non-ASCII characters sent by your keyboard. +least---the way Emacs decodes non-@acronym{ASCII} characters sent by your keyboard. If you modify the @env{LC_ALL}, @env{LC_CTYPE}, or @env{LANG} environment variables while running Emacs, you may want to invoke the @@ -346,14 +346,14 @@ characters can share one input method. A few languages support several input methods. - The simplest kind of input method works by mapping ASCII letters + The simplest kind of input method works by mapping @acronym{ASCII} letters into another alphabet; this allows you to use one other alphabet -instead of ASCII. The Greek and Russian input methods +instead of @acronym{ASCII}. The Greek and Russian input methods work this way. A more powerful technique is composition: converting sequences of characters into one letter. Many European input methods use composition -to produce a single non-ASCII letter from a sequence that consists of a +to produce a single non-@acronym{ASCII} letter from a sequence that consists of a letter followed by accent characters (or vice versa). For example, some methods convert the sequence @kbd{a'} into a single accented letter. These input methods have no special commands of their own; all they do @@ -480,8 +480,8 @@ @findex toggle-input-method @kindex C-\ - Input methods use various sequences of ASCII characters to stand for -non-ASCII characters. Sometimes it is useful to turn off the input + Input methods use various sequences of @acronym{ASCII} characters to stand for +non-@acronym{ASCII} characters. Sometimes it is useful to turn off the input method temporarily. To do this, type @kbd{C-\} (@code{toggle-input-method}). To reenable the input method, type @kbd{C-\} again. @@ -534,11 +534,11 @@ method, including the string that stands for it in the mode line. @node Multibyte Conversion -@section Unibyte and Multibyte Non-ASCII characters +@section Unibyte and Multibyte Non-@acronym{ASCII} characters When multibyte characters are enabled, character codes 0240 (octal) through 0377 (octal) are not really legitimate in the buffer. The valid -non-ASCII printing characters have codes that start from 0400. +non-@acronym{ASCII} printing characters have codes that start from 0400. If you type a self-inserting character in the range 0240 through 0377, or if you use @kbd{C-q} to insert one, Emacs assumes you @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ 850, type @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c cp850 @key{RET} C-x C-f @var{filename} @key{RET}}. - In addition to converting various representations of non-ASCII + In addition to converting various representations of non-@acronym{ASCII} characters, a coding system can perform end-of-line conversion. Emacs handles three different conventions for how to separate lines in a file: newline, carriage-return linefeed, and just carriage-return. @@ -661,8 +661,8 @@ @code{iso-latin-1-mac}. The coding system @code{raw-text} is good for a file which is mainly -ASCII text, but may contain byte values above 127 which are not meant to -encode non-ASCII characters. With @code{raw-text}, Emacs copies those +@acronym{ASCII} text, but may contain byte values above 127 which are not meant to +encode non-@acronym{ASCII} characters. With @code{raw-text}, Emacs copies those byte values unchanged, and sets @code{enable-multibyte-characters} to @code{nil} in the current buffer so that they will be interpreted properly. @code{raw-text} handles end-of-line conversion in the usual @@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ specify the kind of end-of-line conversion to use. In contrast, the coding system @code{no-conversion} specifies no -character code conversion at all---none for non-ASCII byte values and +character code conversion at all---none for non-@acronym{ASCII} byte values and none for end of line. This is useful for reading or writing binary files, tar files, and other files that must be examined verbatim. It, too, sets @code{enable-multibyte-characters} to @code{nil}. @@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ might convert the file contents before you see them. @xref{Visiting}. The coding system @code{emacs-mule} means that the file contains -non-ASCII characters stored with the internal Emacs encoding. It +non-@acronym{ASCII} characters stored with the internal Emacs encoding. It handles end-of-line conversion based on the data encountered, and has the usual three variants to specify the kind of end-of-line conversion. @@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ The default value of @code{inhibit-iso-escape-detection} is @code{nil}. We recommend that you not change it permanently, only for one specific operation. That's because many Emacs Lisp source files -in the Emacs distribution contain non-ASCII characters encoded in the +in the Emacs distribution contain non-@acronym{ASCII} characters encoded in the coding system @code{iso-2022-7bit}, and they won't be decoded correctly when you visit those files if you suppress the escape sequence detection. @@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ @findex unify-8859-on-decoding-mode The command @code{unify-8859-on-decoding-mode} enables a mode that ``unifies'' the Latin alphabets when decoding text. This works by -converting all non-ASCII Latin-@var{n} characters to either Latin-1 or +converting all non-@acronym{ASCII} Latin-@var{n} characters to either Latin-1 or Unicode characters. This way it is easier to use various Latin-@var{n} alphabets together. In a future Emacs version we hope to move towards full Unicode support and complete unification of @@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ most coding systems can only handle some of the possible characters. This means that it is possible for you to insert characters that cannot be encoded with the coding system that will be used to save the -buffer. For example, you could start with an ASCII file and insert a +buffer. For example, you could start with an @acronym{ASCII} file and insert a few Latin-1 characters into it, or you could edit a text file in Polish encoded in @code{iso-8859-2} and add some Russian words to it. When you save the buffer, Emacs cannot use the current value of @@ -993,13 +993,13 @@ or the Custom option @code{keyboard-coding-system} specifies the coding system for keyboard input. Character-code translation of keyboard input is useful for terminals with keys that -send non-ASCII graphic characters---for example, some terminals designed +send non-@acronym{ASCII} graphic characters---for example, some terminals designed for ISO Latin-1 or subsets of it. By default, keyboard input is translated based on your system locale setting. If your terminal does not really support the encoding implied by your locale (for example, if you find it inserts a -non-ASCII character if you type @kbd{M-i}), you will need to set +non-@acronym{ASCII} character if you type @kbd{M-i}), you will need to set @code{keyboard-coding-system} to @code{nil} to turn off encoding. You can do this by putting @@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ keyboard input, and using an input method: both define sequences of keyboard input that translate into single characters. However, input methods are designed to be convenient for interactive use by humans, and -the sequences that are translated are typically sequences of ASCII +the sequences that are translated are typically sequences of @acronym{ASCII} printing characters. Coding systems typically translate sequences of non-graphic characters. @@ -1043,17 +1043,17 @@ current language environment. @vindex file-name-coding-system -@cindex file names with non-ASCII characters +@cindex file names with non-@acronym{ASCII} characters The variable @code{file-name-coding-system} specifies a coding system to use for encoding file names. If you set the variable to a coding system name (as a Lisp symbol or a string), Emacs encodes file names using that coding system for all file operations. This makes it -possible to use non-ASCII characters in file names---or, at least, those -non-ASCII characters which the specified coding system can encode. +possible to use non-@acronym{ASCII} characters in file names---or, at least, those +non-@acronym{ASCII} characters which the specified coding system can encode. If @code{file-name-coding-system} is @code{nil}, Emacs uses a default coding system determined by the selected language environment. In the -default language environment, any non-ASCII characters in file names are +default language environment, any non-@acronym{ASCII} characters in file names are not encoded specially; they appear in the file system using the internal Emacs representation. @@ -1067,11 +1067,11 @@ C-w} to specify a new file name for that buffer. @vindex locale-coding-system -@cindex decoding non-ASCII keyboard input on X +@cindex decoding non-@acronym{ASCII} keyboard input on X The variable @code{locale-coding-system} specifies a coding system to use when encoding and decoding system strings such as system error messages and @code{format-time-string} formats and time stamps. That -coding system is also used for decoding non-ASCII keyboard input on X +coding system is also used for decoding non-@acronym{ASCII} keyboard input on X Window systems. You should choose a coding system that is compatible with the underlying system's text representation, which is normally specified by one of the environment variables @env{LC_ALL}, @@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@ Emacs creates two fontsets automatically: the @dfn{standard fontset} and the @dfn{startup fontset}. The standard fontset is most likely to -have fonts for a wide variety of non-ASCII characters; however, this is +have fonts for a wide variety of non-@acronym{ASCII} characters; however, this is not the default for Emacs to use. (By default, Emacs tries to find a font that has bold and italic variants.) You can specify use of the standard fontset with the @samp{-fn} option, or with the @samp{Font} X @@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@ @samp{medium}, or @samp{i} instead of @samp{r}, or both. @cindex startup fontset - If you specify a default ASCII font with the @samp{Font} resource or + If you specify a default @acronym{ASCII} font with the @samp{Font} resource or the @samp{-fn} argument, Emacs generates a fontset from it automatically. This is the @dfn{startup fontset} and its name is @code{fontset-startup}. It does this by replacing the @var{foundry}, @@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ For the other character sets, Emacs chooses a font based on @var{fontpattern}. It replaces @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} with values -that describe the character set. For the ASCII character font, +that describe the character set. For the @acronym{ASCII} character font, @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} is replaced with @samp{ISO8859-1}. In addition, when several consecutive fields are wildcards, Emacs @@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@ @end example @noindent -the font specification for ASCII characters would be this: +the font specification for @acronym{ASCII} characters would be this: @example -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-ISO8859-1 @@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ @node Undisplayable Characters @section Undisplayable Characters - There may be a some non-ASCII characters that your terminal cannot + There may be a some non-@acronym{ASCII} characters that your terminal cannot display. Most non-windowing terminals support just a single character set (use the variable @code{default-terminal-coding-system} (@pxref{Specify Coding}) to tell Emacs which one); characters which @@ -1259,15 +1259,15 @@ no font appear as a hollow box. If you use Latin-1 characters but your terminal can't display -Latin-1, you can arrange to display mnemonic ASCII sequences +Latin-1, you can arrange to display mnemonic @acronym{ASCII} sequences instead, e.g.@: @samp{"o} for o-umlaut. Load the library @file{iso-ascii} to do this. @vindex latin1-display If your terminal can display Latin-1, you can display characters from other European character sets using a mixture of equivalent -Latin-1 characters and ASCII mnemonics. Use the Custom option -@code{latin1-display} to enable this. The mnemonic ASCII +Latin-1 characters and @acronym{ASCII} mnemonics. Use the Custom option +@code{latin1-display} to enable this. The mnemonic @acronym{ASCII} sequences mostly correspond to those of the prefix input methods. @node Single-Byte Character Support @@ -1288,7 +1288,7 @@ For more information about unibyte operation, see @ref{Enabling Multibyte}. Note particularly that you probably want to ensure that -your initialization files are read as unibyte if they contain non-ASCII +your initialization files are read as unibyte if they contain non-@acronym{ASCII} characters. @vindex unibyte-display-via-language-environment @@ -1302,7 +1302,7 @@ @cindex @code{iso-ascii} library If your terminal does not support display of the Latin-1 character -set, Emacs can display these characters as ASCII sequences which at +set, Emacs can display these characters as @acronym{ASCII} sequences which at least give you a clear idea of what the characters are. To do this, load the library @code{iso-ascii}. Similar libraries for other Latin-@var{n} character sets could be implemented, but we don't have @@ -1315,14 +1315,14 @@ non-standard ``extended'' versions of ISO-8859 character sets by using the function @code{standard-display-8bit} in the @code{disp-table} library. - There are several ways you can input single-byte non-ASCII + There are several ways you can input single-byte non-@acronym{ASCII} characters: @itemize @bullet @cindex 8-bit input @item If your keyboard can generate character codes 128 (decimal) and up, -representing non-ASCII characters, you can type those character codes +representing non-@acronym{ASCII} characters, you can type those character codes directly. On a windowing terminal, you should not need to do anything special to @@ -1339,7 +1339,7 @@ @item You can use an input method for the selected language environment. @xref{Input Methods}. When you use an input method in a unibyte buffer, -the non-ASCII character you specify with it is converted to unibyte. +the non-@acronym{ASCII} character you specify with it is converted to unibyte. @kindex C-x 8 @cindex @code{iso-transl} library @@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ @item For Latin-1 only, you can use the key @kbd{C-x 8} as a ``compose character'' prefix for entry of -non-ASCII Latin-1 printing characters. @kbd{C-x 8} is good for +non-@acronym{ASCII} Latin-1 printing characters. @kbd{C-x 8} is good for insertion (in the minibuffer as well as other buffers), for searching, and in any other context where a key sequence is allowed. @@ -1380,7 +1380,7 @@ Emacs groups all supported characters into disjoint @dfn{charsets}. Each character code belongs to one and only one charset. For historical reasons, Emacs typically divides an 8-bit character code -for an extended version of ASCII into two charsets: ASCII, which +for an extended version of @acronym{ASCII} into two charsets: @acronym{ASCII}, which covers the codes 0 through 127, plus another charset which covers the ``right-hand part'' (the codes 128 and up). For instance, the characters of Latin-1 include the Emacs charset @code{ascii} plus the