* buffer.h (struct buffer_text): New field chars_modiff. (CHARS_MODIFF, BUF_CHARS_MODIFF): New macros. * buffer.c (Fbuffer_chars_modified_tick): New function returning value of BUF_CHARS_MODIFF. (syms_of_buffer): Defsubr it. (Fget_buffer_create): Initialize BUF_CHARS_MODIFF. * insdel.c (modify_region): New argument preserve_chars_modiff. Set CHARS_MODIFF to MODIFF provided preserve_chars_modiff is zero. (insert_1_both, insert_from_string_1, insert_from_buffer_1) (adjust_after_replace, adjust_after_replace_noundo) (replace_range, replace_range_2, del_range_2): Reset CHARS_MODIFF. * lisp.h (modify_region): Add fourth argument in extern. * casefiddle.c (casify_region): Call modify_region with fourth argument zero to assert that CHARS_MODIFF is updated. * editfns.c (Fsubst_char_in_region, Ftranslate_region_internal) (Ftranspose_regions): Likewise. * textprop.c (Fadd_text_properties, Fset_text_properties) (Fremove_text_properties, Fremove_list_of_text_properties): Call modify_region with fourth argument 1 to avoid that CHARS_MODIFF is updated.