view man/m-x.texi @ 40120:03eb905a4d8e

(Fx_file_dialog): Pass a filter to GetOpenFileName. Sync with xfns.c: (x_laplace_read_row, x_laplace_write_row): Removed. (postprocess_image): New function. (lookup_image): Call it for all image types except PostScript. (x_kill_gs_process): Call postprocess_image. (tiff_error_handler, tiff_warning_handler): New functions. (tiff_load): Install them as handlers. (x_kill_gs_process): Recognize if someone has cleared the image cache under us. (valid_image_p): Protect better against invalid image specifications. Previous code could signal an error. (Fx_hide_tip, Fshow_tip): Doc fix. (Fv_max_tooltip_size): New variable. (syns_of_xfns): DEFVAR_LISP it. (Fx_show_tip): Add parameter TEXT. Set the tip frame's root window buffer to *tip* right after creating the frame. Set frame's window_width. Use a maximum tooltip size specified by Vx_max_tooltip_size, if that has valid contents. (compute_tip_xy): Add parameters WIDTH and HEIGHT. Make sure the tooltip is completely visible. (x_create_tip_frame): Set tooltip buffer's truncate-lines to nil. (Fx_create_frame): Adjust the frame's height for presence of the tool bar before calling x_figure_window_size. (x_set_tool_bar_lines): Clear the tool bar window's current matrix when the window gets smaller. (x_set_foreground_color): Set frame's cursor_pixel. (x_set_foreground_color, x_set_background_color): Cleaned up. (x_set_font): Handle case of x_new_fontset returning the same name as before, although there was a change in fontsets.

@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node M-x, Help, Minibuffer, Top
@chapter Running Commands by Name

  Every Emacs command has a name that you can use to run it.  Commands
that are used often, or that must be quick to type, are also bound to
keys---short sequences of characters---for convenient use.  You can
run them by name if you don't remember the keys.  Other Emacs commands
that do not need to be quick are not bound to keys; the only way to
run them is by name.  @xref{Key Bindings}, for the description of
how to bind commands to keys.

  By convention, a command name consists of one or more words,
separated by hyphens; for example, @code{auto-fill-mode} or
@code{manual-entry}.  The use of English words makes the command name
easier to remember than a key made up of obscure characters, even
though it is more characters to type.

@kindex M-x
  The way to run a command by name is to start with @kbd{M-x}, type the
command name, and finish it with @key{RET}.  @kbd{M-x} uses the
minibuffer to read the command name.  @key{RET} exits the minibuffer and
runs the command.  The string @samp{M-x} appears at the beginning of the
minibuffer as a @dfn{prompt} to remind you to enter the name of a
command to be run.  @xref{Minibuffer}, for full information on the
features of the minibuffer.

  You can use completion to enter the command name.  For example, you
can invoke the command @code{forward-char} by name by typing either

@example
M-x forward-char @key{RET}
@end example

@noindent
or

@example
M-x forw @key{TAB} c @key{RET}
@end example

@noindent
Note that @code{forward-char} is the same command that you invoke with
the key @kbd{C-f}.  You can run any Emacs command by name using
@kbd{M-x}, whether or not any keys are bound to it.

  If you type @kbd{C-g} while the command name is being read, you cancel
the @kbd{M-x} command and get out of the minibuffer, ending up at top level.

  To pass a numeric argument to the command you are invoking with
@kbd{M-x}, specify the numeric argument before the @kbd{M-x}.  @kbd{M-x}
passes the argument along to the command it runs.  The argument value
appears in the prompt while the command name is being read.

@vindex suggest-key-bindings
  If the command you type has a key binding of its own, Emacs mentions
this in the echo area, two seconds after the command finishes (if you
don't type anything else first).  For example, if you type @kbd{M-x
forward-word}, the message says that you can run the same command more
easily by typing @kbd{M-f}.  You can turn off these messages by setting
@code{suggest-key-bindings} to @code{nil}.

  Normally, when describing in this manual a command that is run by
name, we omit the @key{RET} that is needed to terminate the name.  Thus
we might speak of @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} rather than @kbd{M-x
auto-fill-mode @key{RET}}.  We mention the @key{RET} only when there is
a need to emphasize its presence, such as when we show the command
together with following arguments.

@findex execute-extended-command
  @kbd{M-x} works by running the command
@code{execute-extended-command}, which is responsible for reading the
name of another command and invoking it.