view lisp/help-fns.el @ 45098:06120f91eb06

(eshell-modify-global-environment): Added this customization variable, which will cause any "export" commands within any eshell buffer to modify the global Emacs environment. It defaults to nil, which means that such commands will only modify that Eshell buffer's environment. (eshell-var-initialize): Initialize `eshell-modify-global-environment'.

;;; help-fns.el --- Complex help functions

;; Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1993, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001
;;   Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Maintainer: FSF
;; Keywords: help, internal

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
;; any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

;;; Commentary:

;; This file contains those help commands which are complicated, and
;; which may not be used in every session.  For example
;; `describe-function' will probably be heavily used when doing elisp
;; programming, but not if just editing C files.  Simpler help commands
;; are in help.el

;;; Code:

(require 'help-mode)


;;;###autoload
(defun help-with-tutorial (&optional arg)
  "Select the Emacs learn-by-doing tutorial.
If there is a tutorial version written in the language
of the selected language environment, that version is used.
If there's no tutorial in that language, `TUTORIAL' is selected.
With arg, you are asked to choose which language."
  (interactive "P")
  (let ((lang (if arg
		  (read-language-name 'tutorial "Language: " "English")
		(if (get-language-info current-language-environment 'tutorial)
		    current-language-environment
		  "English")))
	file filename)
    (setq filename (get-language-info lang 'tutorial))
    (setq file (expand-file-name (concat "~/" filename)))
    (delete-other-windows)
    (if (get-file-buffer file)
	(switch-to-buffer (get-file-buffer file))
      (switch-to-buffer (create-file-buffer file))
      (setq buffer-file-name file)
      (setq default-directory (expand-file-name "~/"))
      (setq buffer-auto-save-file-name nil)
      (insert-file-contents (expand-file-name filename data-directory))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (search-forward "\n<<")
      (beginning-of-line)
      ;; Convert the <<...>> line to the proper [...] line,
      ;; or just delete the <<...>> line if a [...] line follows.
      (cond ((save-excursion
	       (forward-line 1)
	       (looking-at "\\["))
	     (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
	    ((looking-at "<<Blank lines inserted.*>>")
	     (replace-match "[Middle of page left blank for didactic purposes.   Text continues below]"))
	    (t
	     (looking-at "<<")
	     (replace-match "[")
	     (search-forward ">>")
	     (replace-match "]")))
      (beginning-of-line)
      (let ((n (- (window-height (selected-window))
		  (count-lines (point-min) (point))
		  6)))
	(if (< n 8)
	    (progn
	      ;; For a short gap, we don't need the [...] line,
	      ;; so delete it.
	      (delete-region (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point)))
	      (newline n))
	  ;; Some people get confused by the large gap.
	  (newline (/ n 2))
	  
	  ;; Skip the [...] line (don't delete it).
	  (forward-line 1)
	  (newline (- n (/ n 2)))))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))

;;;###autoload
(defun locate-library (library &optional nosuffix path interactive-call)
  "Show the precise file name of Emacs library LIBRARY.
This command searches the directories in `load-path' like `M-x load-library'
to find the file that `M-x load-library RET LIBRARY RET' would load.
Optional second arg NOSUFFIX non-nil means don't add suffixes `load-suffixes'
to the specified name LIBRARY.

If the optional third arg PATH is specified, that list of directories
is used instead of `load-path'.

When called from a program, the file name is normaly returned as a
string.  When run interactively, the argument INTERACTIVE-CALL is t,
and the file name is displayed in the echo area."
  (interactive (list (read-string "Locate library: ")
		     nil nil
		     t))
  (catch 'answer
    (dolist (dir (or path load-path))
      (dolist (suf (append (unless nosuffix load-suffixes) '("")))
	(let ((try (expand-file-name (concat library suf) dir)))
	  (and (file-readable-p try)
	       (null (file-directory-p try))
	       (progn
		 (if interactive-call
		     (message "Library is file %s" (abbreviate-file-name try)))
		 (throw 'answer try))))))
    (if interactive-call
	(message "No library %s in search path" library))
    nil))


;; Functions

;;;###autoload
(defun describe-function (function)
  "Display the full documentation of FUNCTION (a symbol)."
  (interactive
   (let ((fn (function-called-at-point))
	 (enable-recursive-minibuffers t)
	 val)
     (setq val (completing-read (if fn
				    (format "Describe function (default %s): " fn)
				  "Describe function: ")
				obarray 'fboundp t nil nil (symbol-name fn)))
     (list (if (equal val "")
	       fn (intern val)))))
  (if (null function)
      (message "You didn't specify a function")
    (help-setup-xref (list #'describe-function function) (interactive-p))
    (save-excursion
      (with-output-to-temp-buffer (help-buffer)
	(prin1 function)
	;; Use " is " instead of a colon so that
	;; it is easier to get out the function name using forward-sexp.
	(princ " is ")
	(describe-function-1 function)
	(print-help-return-message)
	(with-current-buffer standard-output
	  ;; Return the text we displayed.
	  (buffer-string))))))

;;;###autoload
(defun describe-function-1 (function)
  (let* ((def (if (symbolp function)
		  (symbol-function function)
		function))
	 file-name string
	 (beg (if (commandp def) "an interactive " "a ")))
    (setq string
	  (cond ((or (stringp def)
		     (vectorp def))
		 "a keyboard macro")
		((subrp def)
		 (if (eq 'unevalled (cdr (subr-arity def)))
		     (concat beg "special form")
		   (concat beg "built-in function")))
		((byte-code-function-p def)
		 (concat beg "compiled Lisp function"))
		((symbolp def)
		 (while (symbolp (symbol-function def))
		   (setq def (symbol-function def)))
		 (format "an alias for `%s'" def))
		((eq (car-safe def) 'lambda)
		 (concat beg "Lisp function"))
		((eq (car-safe def) 'macro)
		 "a Lisp macro")
		((eq (car-safe def) 'autoload)
		 (setq file-name (nth 1 def))
		 (format "%s autoloaded %s"
			 (if (commandp def) "an interactive" "an")
			 (if (eq (nth 4 def) 'keymap) "keymap"
			   (if (nth 4 def) "Lisp macro" "Lisp function"))
			 ))
                ;; perhaps use keymapp here instead
                ((eq (car-safe def) 'keymap)
                 (let ((is-full nil)
                       (elts (cdr-safe def)))
                   (while elts
                     (if (char-table-p (car-safe elts))
                         (setq is-full t
                               elts nil))
                     (setq elts (cdr-safe elts)))
                   (if is-full
                       "a full keymap"
                     "a sparse keymap")))
		(t "")))
    (princ string)
    (with-current-buffer standard-output
      (save-excursion
	(save-match-data
	  (if (re-search-backward "alias for `\\([^`']+\\)'" nil t)
	      (help-xref-button 1 'help-function def)))))
    (or file-name
	(setq file-name (symbol-file function)))
    (cond
     (file-name
      (princ " in `")
      ;; We used to add .el to the file name,
      ;; but that's completely wrong when the user used load-file.
      (princ file-name)
      (princ "'")
      ;; Make a hyperlink to the library.
      (with-current-buffer standard-output
	(save-excursion
	  (re-search-backward "`\\([^`']+\\)'" nil t)
	  (help-xref-button 1 'help-function-def function file-name)))))
    (princ ".")
    (terpri)
    (when (commandp function)
      (let* ((remapped (remap-command function))
	     (keys (where-is-internal
		   (or remapped function) overriding-local-map nil nil)))
	(when remapped
	  (princ "It is remapped to `")
	  (princ (symbol-name remapped))
	  (princ "'"))
	(when keys
	  (princ (if remapped " which is bound to " "It is bound to "))
	  ;; FIXME: This list can be very long (f.ex. for self-insert-command).
	  (princ (mapconcat 'key-description keys ", ")))
	(when (or remapped keys)
	  (princ ".")
	  (terpri))))
    ;; Handle symbols aliased to other symbols.
    (setq def (indirect-function def))
    ;; If definition is a macro, find the function inside it.
    (if (eq (car-safe def) 'macro)
	(setq def (cdr def)))
    (let ((arglist (cond ((byte-code-function-p def)
			  (car (append def nil)))
			 ((eq (car-safe def) 'lambda)
			  (nth 1 def))
			 ((and (eq (car-safe def) 'autoload)
			       (not (eq (nth 4 def) 'keymap)))
			  (concat "[Arg list not available until "
				  "function definition is loaded.]"))
			 (t t))))
      (cond ((listp arglist)
	     (princ (cons (if (symbolp function) function "anonymous")
			  (mapcar (lambda (arg)
				    (if (memq arg '(&optional &rest))
					arg
				      (intern (upcase (symbol-name arg)))))
				  arglist)))
	     (terpri))
	    ((stringp arglist)
	     (princ arglist)
	     (terpri))))
    (let ((doc (documentation function)))
      (if doc
	  (progn (terpri)
		 (princ doc)
		 (if (subrp def)
		     (with-current-buffer standard-output
		       (beginning-of-line)
		       ;; Builtins get the calling sequence at the end of
		       ;; the doc string.  Move it to the same place as
		       ;; for other functions.

		       ;; In cases where `function' has been fset to a
		       ;; subr we can't search for function's name in
		       ;; the doc string.  Kluge round that using the
		       ;; printed representation.  The arg list then
		       ;; shows the wrong function name, but that
		       ;; might be a useful hint.
		       (let* ((rep (prin1-to-string def))
			      (name (progn
				      (string-match " \\([^ ]+\\)>$" rep)
				      (match-string 1 rep))))
			 (if (looking-at (format "(%s[ )]" (regexp-quote name)))
			     (let ((start (point-marker)))
			       (goto-char (point-min))
			       (forward-paragraph)
			       (insert-buffer-substring (current-buffer) start)
			       (insert ?\n)
			       (delete-region (1- start) (point-max)))
			   (goto-char (point-min))
			   (forward-paragraph)
			   (insert
			    "[Missing arglist.  Please make a bug report.]\n")))
		       (goto-char (point-max)))))
	(princ "not documented")))))


;; Variables

;;;###autoload
(defun variable-at-point ()
  "Return the bound variable symbol found around point.
Return 0 if there is no such symbol."
  (condition-case ()
      (with-syntax-table emacs-lisp-mode-syntax-table
	(save-excursion
	  (or (not (zerop (skip-syntax-backward "_w")))
	      (eq (char-syntax (following-char)) ?w)
	      (eq (char-syntax (following-char)) ?_)
	      (forward-sexp -1))
	  (skip-chars-forward "'")
	  (let ((obj (read (current-buffer))))
	    (or (and (symbolp obj) (boundp obj) obj)
		0))))
    (error 0)))

;;;###autoload
(defun describe-variable (variable &optional buffer)
  "Display the full documentation of VARIABLE (a symbol).
Returns the documentation as a string, also.
If VARIABLE has a buffer-local value in BUFFER (default to the current buffer),
it is displayed along with the global value."
  (interactive
   (let ((v (variable-at-point))
	 (enable-recursive-minibuffers t)
	 val)
     (setq val (completing-read (if (symbolp v)
				    (format
				     "Describe variable (default %s): " v)
				  "Describe variable: ")
				obarray 'boundp t nil nil
				(if (symbolp v) (symbol-name v))))
     (list (if (equal val "")
	       v (intern val)))))
  (unless (bufferp buffer) (setq buffer (current-buffer)))
  (if (not (symbolp variable))
      (message "You did not specify a variable")
    (save-excursion
      (let (valvoid)
	(help-setup-xref (list #'describe-variable variable buffer)
			 (interactive-p))
	(with-output-to-temp-buffer (help-buffer)
	  (with-current-buffer buffer
	    (prin1 variable)
	    (if (not (boundp variable))
		(progn
		  (princ " is void")
		  (setq valvoid t))
	      (let ((val (symbol-value variable)))
		(with-current-buffer standard-output
		  (princ "'s value is ")
		  (terpri)
		  (let ((from (point)))
		    (pp val)
		    (help-xref-on-pp from (point))
		    (if (< (point) (+ from 20))
			(save-excursion
			  (goto-char from)
			  (delete-char -1)))))))
	    (terpri)
	    (when (local-variable-p variable)
	      (princ (format "Local in buffer %s; " (buffer-name)))
	      (if (not (default-boundp variable))
		  (princ "globally void")
		(let ((val (default-value variable)))
		  (with-current-buffer standard-output
		    (princ "global value is ")
		    (terpri)
		    ;; Fixme: pp can take an age if you happen to
		    ;; ask for a very large expression.  We should
		    ;; probably print it raw once and check it's a
		    ;; sensible size before prettyprinting.  -- fx
		    (let ((from (point)))
		      (pp val)
		      (help-xref-on-pp from (point))
		      (if (< (point) (+ from 20))
			  (save-excursion
			    (goto-char from)
			    (delete-char -1)))))))
	      (terpri))
	    (terpri)
	    (with-current-buffer standard-output
	      (when (> (count-lines (point-min) (point-max)) 10)
		;; Note that setting the syntax table like below
		;; makes forward-sexp move over a `'s' at the end
		;; of a symbol.
		(set-syntax-table emacs-lisp-mode-syntax-table)
		(goto-char (point-min))
		(if valvoid
		    (forward-line 1)
		  (forward-sexp 1)
		  (delete-region (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point)))
		  (insert " value is shown below.\n\n")
		  (save-excursion
		    (insert "\n\nValue:"))))
	      ;; Add a note for variables that have been make-var-buffer-local.
	      (when (and (local-variable-if-set-p variable)
			 (or (not (local-variable-p variable))
			     (with-temp-buffer
			       (local-variable-if-set-p variable))))
		(save-excursion
		  (forward-line -1)
		  (insert "Automatically becomes buffer-local when set in any fashion.\n"))))
	    (princ "Documentation:")
	    (terpri)
	    (let ((doc (documentation-property variable 'variable-documentation)))
	      (princ (or doc "not documented as a variable.")))
	  
	    ;; Make a link to customize if this variable can be customized.
	    ;; Note, it is not reliable to test only for a custom-type property
	    ;; because those are only present after the var's definition
	    ;; has been loaded.
	    (if (or (get variable 'custom-type) ; after defcustom
		    (get variable 'custom-loads) ; from loaddefs.el
		    (get variable 'standard-value)) ; from cus-start.el
		(let ((customize-label "customize"))
		  (terpri)
		  (terpri)
		  (princ (concat "You can " customize-label " this variable."))
		  (with-current-buffer standard-output
		    (save-excursion
		      (re-search-backward
		       (concat "\\(" customize-label "\\)") nil t)
		      (help-xref-button 1 'help-customize-variable variable)))))
	    ;; Make a hyperlink to the library if appropriate.  (Don't
	    ;; change the format of the buffer's initial line in case
	    ;; anything expects the current format.)
	    (let ((file-name (symbol-file variable)))
	      (when (equal file-name "loaddefs.el")
		;; Find the real def site of the preloaded variable.
		(let ((location
		       (condition-case nil
			   (find-variable-noselect variable file-name)
			 (error nil))))
		  (when location
		    (with-current-buffer (car location)
		      (goto-char (cdr location))
		      (when (re-search-backward
			     "^;;; Generated autoloads from \\(.*\\)" nil t)
			(setq file-name (match-string 1)))))))
	      (when file-name
		(princ "\n\nDefined in `")
		(princ file-name)
		(princ "'.")
		(with-current-buffer standard-output
		  (save-excursion
		    (re-search-backward "`\\([^`']+\\)'" nil t)
		    (help-xref-button 1 'help-variable-def
				      variable file-name)))))

	    (print-help-return-message)
	    (save-excursion
	      (set-buffer standard-output)
	      ;; Return the text we displayed.
	      (buffer-string))))))))


;;;###autoload
(defun describe-syntax (&optional buffer)
  "Describe the syntax specifications in the syntax table of BUFFER.
The descriptions are inserted in a help buffer, which is then displayed.
BUFFER defaults to the current buffer."
  (interactive)
  (setq buffer (or buffer (current-buffer)))
  (help-setup-xref (list #'describe-syntax buffer) (interactive-p))
  (with-output-to-temp-buffer (help-buffer)
    (let ((table (with-current-buffer buffer (syntax-table))))
      (with-current-buffer standard-output
	(describe-vector table 'internal-describe-syntax-value)
	(while (setq table (char-table-parent table))
	  (insert "\nThe parent syntax table is:")
	  (describe-vector table 'internal-describe-syntax-value))))))

(defun help-describe-category-set (value)
  (insert (cond
	   ((null value) "default")
	   ((char-table-p value) "deeper char-table ...")
	   (t (condition-case err
		  (category-set-mnemonics value)
		(error "invalid"))))))

;;;###autoload
(defun describe-categories (&optional buffer)
  "Describe the category specifications in the current category table.
The descriptions are inserted in a buffer, which is then displayed."
  (interactive)
  (setq buffer (or buffer (current-buffer)))
  (help-setup-xref (list #'describe-categories buffer) (interactive-p))
  (with-output-to-temp-buffer (help-buffer)
    (let ((table (with-current-buffer buffer (category-table))))
      (with-current-buffer standard-output
	(describe-vector table 'help-describe-category-set)
	(let ((docs (char-table-extra-slot table 0)))
	  (if (or (not (vectorp docs)) (/= (length docs) 95))
	      (insert "Invalid first extra slot in this char table\n")
	    (insert "Meanings of mnemonic characters are:\n")
	    (dotimes (i 95)
	      (let ((elt (aref docs i)))
		(when elt
		  (insert (+ i ?\ ) ": " elt "\n"))))
	    (while (setq table (char-table-parent table))
	      (insert "\nThe parent category table is:")
	      (describe-vector table 'help-describe-category-set))))))))

(provide 'help-fns)

;;; help-fns.el ends here