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author | Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org> |
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date | Sat, 10 Dec 2005 01:12:25 +0000 |
parents | f05a048483cc |
children | e8a3fb527b77 2d92f5c9d6ae |
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%&tex % % Title: GNU Emacs Survival Card % Author: Wlodek Bzyl <matwb@univ.gda.pl> % % $Revision: 1.8 $ % $Date: 2000/05/05 22:00:48 $ % %**start of header % User interface is `plain.tex' and macros described below % % \title{CARD TITLE}{for version 21} % \section{NAME} % optional paragraphs separated with \askip amount of vertical space % \key{KEY-NAME} description of key or % \mkey{M-x LONG-LISP-NAME} description of Elisp function % % \kbd{ARG} -- argument is typed literally \def\plainfmtname{plain} \ifx\fmtname\plainfmtname \else \errmessage{This file requires `plain' format to be typeset correctly} \endinput \fi % Copyright (C) 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. % This file is part of GNU Emacs. % GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify % it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by % the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) % any later version. % GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the % GNU General Public License for more details. % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License % along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to % the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, % Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. \def\versionnumber{1.0} \def\year{2005} \def\copyrightnotice{\penalty-1\vfill \vbox{\smallfont\baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip\raggedcenter Copyright \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.\break Version \versionnumber{} for GNU Emacs 21, April 2000\break Project W{\l}odek Bzyl (matwb@univ.gda.pl) Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of this card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.\par}} \hsize 3.2in \vsize 7.95in \font\titlefont=cmss10 scaled 1200 \font\headingfont=cmss10 \font\smallfont=cmr6 \font\smallsy=cmsy6 \font\eightrm=cmr8 \font\eightbf=cmbx8 \font\eightit=cmti8 \font\eighttt=cmtt8 \font\eightmi=cmmi8 \font\eightsy=cmsy8 \font\eightss=cmss8 \textfont0=\eightrm \textfont1=\eightmi \textfont2=\eightsy \def\rm{\eightrm} \rm \def\bf{\eightbf} \def\it{\eightit} \def\tt{\eighttt} \def\ss{\eightss} \baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip \newdimen\intercolumnskip % horizontal space between columns \intercolumnskip=0.5in % The TeXbook, p. 257 \let\lr=L \newbox\leftcolumn \output={\if L\lr \global\setbox\leftcolumn\columnbox \global\let\lr=R \else \doubleformat \global\let\lr=L\fi} \def\doubleformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline \leftline{\box\leftcolumn\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox} \makefootline} \advancepageno} \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} \def\newcolumn{\vfil\eject} \def\bye{\par\vfil\supereject \if R\lr \null\vfil\eject\fi \end} \outer\def\title#1#2{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus 0.5ex \centerline{\ss#2} \vskip2\baselineskip} \outer\def\section#1{\filbreak \bskip \leftline{\headingfont #1} \askip} \def\bskip{\vskip 2.5ex plus 0.25ex } \def\askip{\vskip 0.75ex plus 0.25ex} \newdimen\defwidth \defwidth=0.25\hsize \def\hang{\hangindent\defwidth} \def\textindent#1{\noindent\llap{\hbox to \defwidth{\tt#1\hfil}}\ignorespaces} \def\key{\par\hangafter=0\hang\textindent} \def\mtextindent#1{\noindent\hbox{\tt#1\quad}\ignorespaces} \def\mkey{\par\hangafter=1\hang\mtextindent} \def\kbd#{\bgroup\tt \let\next= } \newdimen\raggedstretch \newskip\raggedparfill \raggedparfill=0pt plus 1fil \def\nohyphens {\hyphenpenalty10000\exhyphenpenalty10000\pretolerance10000} \def\raggedspaces {\spaceskip=0.3333em\relax \xspaceskip=0.5em\relax} \def\raggedright {\raggedstretch=6em \nohyphens \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch \raggedspaces \parfillskip=\raggedparfill \relax} \def\raggedcenter {\raggedstretch=6em \nohyphens \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch \leftskip=\rightskip \raggedspaces \parfillskip=0pt \relax} \chardef\\=`\\ \raggedright \nopagenumbers \parindent 0pt \interlinepenalty=10000 \hoffset -0.2in %\voffset 0.2in %**end of header \title{GNU\ \ Emacs\ \ Survival\ \ Card}{for version 21} In the following, \kbd{C-z} means hit the `\kbd{z}' key while holding down the {\it Ctrl}\ \ key. \kbd{M-z} means hit the `\kbd{z}' key while hitting the {\it Meta\/} (labeled {\it Alt\/} on some keyboards) or after hitting {\it Esc\/} key. \section{Running Emacs} To enter GNU Emacs, just type its name: \kbd{emacs}. Emacs divides the frame into several areas: menu line, buffer area with the edited text, mode line describing the buffer in the window above it, and a minibuffer/echo area in the last line. \askip \key{C-x C-c} quit Emacs \key{C-x C-f} edit file; this command uses the minibuffer to read the file name; use this to create new files by entering the name of the new file \key{C-x C-s} save the file \key{C-x k} kill a buffer \key{C-g} in most context: cancel, stop, abort partially typed or executing command \key{C-x u} undo \section{Moving About} \key{C-l} scroll current line to center of window \key{C-x b} switch to another buffer \key{M-<} move to beginning of buffer \key{M->} move to end of buffer \key{M-x goto-line} go to a given line number \section{Multiple Windows} \key{C-x 0} remove the current window from the display \key{C-x 1} make active window the only window \key{C-x 2} split window horizontally \key{C-x 3} split window vertically \key{C-x o} move to other window \section{Regions} Emacs defines a `region' as the space between the {\it mark\/} and the {\it point}. A mark is set with \kbd{C-{\it space}}. The point is at the cursor position. \askip \key{M-h} mark entire paragraph \key{C-x h} mark entire buffer \section{Killing and Copying} \key{C-w} kill region \key{M-w} copy region to kill-ring \key{C-k} kill from the cursor all the way to the end of the line \key{M-DEL} kill word \key{C-y} yank back the last kill (\kbd{C-w C-y} combination could be used to move text around) \key{M-y} replace last yank with previous kill \section{Searching} \key{C-s} search for a string \key{C-r} search for a string backwards \key{RET} quit searching \key{M-C-s} regular expression search \key{M-C-r} reverse regular expression search \askip Use \kbd{C-s} or \kbd{C-r} again to repeat the search in either direction. \section{Tags} Tags tables files record locations of function and procedure definitions, global variables, data types and anything else convenient. To create a tags table file, type `{\tt etags} {\it input\_files}' as a shell command. \askip \key{M-.} find a definition \key{C-u M-.} find next occurrence of definition \key{M-*} pop back to where \kbd{M-.} was last invoked \mkey{M-x tags-query-replace} run query-replace on all files recorded in tags table \key{M-,} continue last tags search or query-replace \section{Compiling} \key{M-x compile} compile code in active window \key{C-c C-c} go to the next compiler error, when in the compile window or \key{C-x `} when in the window with source code \section{Dired, the Directory Editor} \key{C-x d} invoke Dired \key{d} flag this file for deletion \key{\~{}} flag all backup files for deletion \key{u} remove deletion flag \key{x} delete the files flagged for deletion \key{C} copy file \key{g} update the Dired buffer \key{f} visit the file described on the current line \key{s} switch between alphabetical date/time order \section{Reading and Sending Mail} \key{M-x rmail} start reading mail \key{q} quit reading mail \key{h} show headers \key{d} mark the current message for deletion \key{x} remove all messages marked for deletion \key{C-x m} begin composing a message \key{C-c C-c} send the message and switch to another buffer \key{C-c C-f C-c} move to the `CC' header field, creating one if there is none \section{Miscellaneous} \key{M-q} fill paragraph \key{M-/} expand previous word dynamically \key{C-z} iconify (suspend) Emacs when running it under X or shell, respectively \mkey{M-x revert-buffer} replace the text being edited with the text of the file on disk \section{Query Replace} \key{M-\%} interactively search and replace \key{M-C-\%} using regular expressions \askip Valid responses in query-replace mode are \askip \key{SPC} replace this one, go on to next \key{,} replace this one, don't move \key{DEL} skip to next without replacing \key{!} replace all remaining matches \key{\^{}} back up to the previous match \key{RET} exit query-replace \key{C-r} enter recursive edit (\kbd{M-C-c} to exit) \section{Regular Expressions} \key{. {\rm(dot)}} any single character except a newline \key{*} zero or more repeats \key{+} one or more repeats \key{?} zero or one repeat \key{[$\ldots$]} denotes a class of character to match \key{[\^{}$\ldots$]} negates the class \key{\\{\it c}} quote characters otherwise having a special meaning in regular expressions \key{$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$} matches one of the alternatives (``or'') \key{\\( $\ldots$ \\)} groups a series of pattern elements to a single element \key{\\{\it n}} same text as {\it n\/}th group \key{\^{}} matches at line beginning \key{\$} matches at line end \key{\\w} matches word-syntax character \key{\\W} matches non-word-syntax character \key{\\<} matches at word beginning \key{\\>} matches at word end \key{\\b} matches at word break \key{\\B} matches at non-word break \section{Registers} \key{C-x r s} save region in register \key{C-x r i} insert register contents into buffer \key{C-x r SPC} save value of point in register \key{C-x r j} jump to point saved in register \section{Rectangles} \key{C-x r r} copy rectangle to register \key{C-x r k} kill rectangle \key{C-x r y} yank rectangle \key{C-x r t} prefix each line with a string \key{C-x r o} open rectangle, shifting text right \key{C-x r c} blank out rectangle \section{Shells} \key{M-x shell} start a shell within Emacs \key{M-!} execute a shell command \key{M-|} run a shell command on the region \key{C-u M-|} filter region through a shell command \section{Spelling Check} \key{M-\$} check spelling of word at the cursor \mkey{M-x ispell-region} check spelling of all words in region \mkey{M-x ispell-buffer} check spelling of entire buffer \section{International Character Sets} \key{C-x RET C-\\} select and activate input method for the current buffer \key{C-\\} enable or disable input method \mkey{M-x list-input-methods} show all input methods \mkey{M-x set-language-environment} specify principal language \key{C-x RET c} set coding system for next command \mkey{M-x find-file-literally} visit file with no conversion of any kind \mkey{M-x list-coding-systems} show all coding systems \mkey{M-x prefer-coding-system} choose preferred coding system \section{Keyboard Macros} \key{C-x (} start defining a keyboard macro \key{C-x )} end keyboard macro definition \key{C-x e} execute last-defined keyboard macro \key{C-u C-x (} append to last keyboard macro \mkey{M-x name-last-kbd-macro} name last keyboard macro \section{Simple Customization} \key{M-x customize} customize variables and faces \section{Getting Help} Emacs does command completion for you. Typing \kbd{M-x} {\it tab\/} or {\it space\/} gives a list of Emacs commands. \askip \key{C-h} Emacs help \key{C-h t} run the Emacs tutorial \key{C-h i} enter Info, the documentation browser \key{C-h a} show commands matching a string (apropos) \key{C-h k} display documentation of the function invoked by keystroke \askip Emacs gets into different {\it modes}, each of which customizes Emacs for editing text of a particular sort. The mode line contains names of the current modes, in parentheses. \askip \key{C-h m} get mode-specific information \copyrightnotice \bye % Local variables: % compile-command: "tex survival" % End: % arch-tag: 4f9a0562-617b-4843-aee1-450c41d6b22c