view man/m-x.texi @ 89331:1892a75ffcac

(CATEGORY_MASK_RAW_TEXT): New macro. (detect_coding_utf_8, detect_coding_utf_16) (detect_coding_emacs_mule, detect_coding_iso_2022) (detect_coding_sjis, detect_coding_big5) (detect_coding_ccl, detect_coding_charset): Change argument MASK to DETECT_INFO. Update DETECT_INFO and return 1 if the byte sequence is valid in this coding system. Callers changed. (MAX_ANNOTATION_LENGTH): New macro. (ADD_ANNOTATION_DATA): New macro. (ADD_COMPOSITION_DATA): Argument changed. Callers changed. Call ADD_ANNOTATION_DATA. The format of annotation data changed. (ADD_CHARSET_DATA): New macro. (emacs_mule_char): New argument ID. Callers changed. (decode_coding_emacs_mule, decode_coding_iso_2022) (decode_coding_sjis, decode_coding_big5, decode_coding_charset): Produce charset annotation data in coding->charbuf. (encode_coding_emacs_mule, encode_coding_iso_2022): Pay attention to charset annotation data in coding->charbuf. (setup_coding_system): Add CODING_ANNOTATE_CHARSET_MASK coding->common_flags if the coding system is iso-2022 based and uses designation. (produce_composition): Adjusted for the new annotation data format. (produce_charset): New function. (produce_annotation): Handle charset annotation. (handle_composition_annotation, handle_charset_annotation): New functions. (consume_chars): Handle charset annotation. Utilize the above two functions. (encode_coding_object): If SRC_OBJECT and DST_OBJECT are the same buffer, get the deleted text as a string and set coding->src_object to that string. (detect_coding, detect_coding_system): Use the new struct coding_detection_info.

@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node M-x, Help, Minibuffer, Top
@chapter Running Commands by Name

  Every Emacs command has a name that you can use to run it.  Commands
that are used often, or that must be quick to type, are also bound to
keys---short sequences of characters---for convenient use.  You can
run them by name if you don't remember the keys.  Other Emacs commands
that do not need to be quick are not bound to keys; the only way to
run them is by name.  @xref{Key Bindings}, for the description of
how to bind commands to keys.

  By convention, a command name consists of one or more words,
separated by hyphens; for example, @code{auto-fill-mode} or
@code{manual-entry}.  The use of English words makes the command name
easier to remember than a key made up of obscure characters, even
though it is more characters to type.

@kindex M-x
  The way to run a command by name is to start with @kbd{M-x}, type the
command name, and finish it with @key{RET}.  @kbd{M-x} uses the
minibuffer to read the command name.  @key{RET} exits the minibuffer and
runs the command.  The string @samp{M-x} appears at the beginning of the
minibuffer as a @dfn{prompt} to remind you to enter the name of a
command to be run.  @xref{Minibuffer}, for full information on the
features of the minibuffer.

  You can use completion to enter the command name.  For example, you
can invoke the command @code{forward-char} by name by typing either

@example
M-x forward-char @key{RET}
@end example

@noindent
or

@example
M-x forw @key{TAB} c @key{RET}
@end example

@noindent
Note that @code{forward-char} is the same command that you invoke with
the key @kbd{C-f}.  You can run any Emacs command by name using
@kbd{M-x}, whether or not any keys are bound to it.

  If you type @kbd{C-g} while the command name is being read, you cancel
the @kbd{M-x} command and get out of the minibuffer, ending up at top level.

  To pass a numeric argument to the command you are invoking with
@kbd{M-x}, specify the numeric argument before the @kbd{M-x}.  @kbd{M-x}
passes the argument along to the command it runs.  The argument value
appears in the prompt while the command name is being read.

@vindex suggest-key-bindings
  If the command you type has a key binding of its own, Emacs mentions
this in the echo area, two seconds after the command finishes (if you
don't type anything else first).  For example, if you type @kbd{M-x
forward-word}, the message says that you can run the same command more
easily by typing @kbd{M-f}.  You can turn off these messages by setting
@code{suggest-key-bindings} to @code{nil}.

  Normally, when describing in this manual a command that is run by
name, we omit the @key{RET} that is needed to terminate the name.  Thus
we might speak of @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} rather than @kbd{M-x
auto-fill-mode @key{RET}}.  We mention the @key{RET} only when there is
a need to emphasize its presence, such as when we show the command
together with following arguments.

@findex execute-extended-command
  @kbd{M-x} works by running the command
@code{execute-extended-command}, which is responsible for reading the
name of another command and invoking it.