view man/m-x.texi @ 28062:26edef632c89

This is a big redesign of failure-stack and register handling, prompted by bugs revealed when trying to add shy-groups. Overall, what happened is that loops are now structured a little differently, groups can be shy and the code is a little simpler. (enum re_opcode_t): Remove jump_past_alt, maybe_pop_jump, push_dummy_failure and dumy_failure_jump. Add on_failure_jump_(exclusive, loop and smart). Also fix the comment for (start|stop)_memory since they now only take one argument (the second has becomes unnecessary). (print_partial_compiled_pattern): Adjust for changes in re_opcode_t. (print_compiled_pattern): Use %ld to printf long ints and flush to make debugging a little easier. (union fail_stack_elt): Make the integer unsigned. (struct fail_stack_type): Add a `frame' element. (INIT_FAIL_STACK): Init `frame' as well. (POP_PATTERN_OP): New macro for re_compile_fastmap. (DEBUG_PUSH, DEBUG_POP): Remove. (NUM_REG_ITEMS): Remove. (NUM_NONREG_ITEMS): Adjust. (FAILURE_PAT, FAILURE_STR, NEXT_FAILURE_HANDLE, TOP_FAILURE_HANDLE): New macros for the cycle detection. (ENSURE_FAIL_STACK): New macro for PUSH_FAILURE_(REG|POINT). (PUSH_FAILURE_REG, POP_FAILURE_REG, CHECK_INFINITE_LOOP): New macros. (PUSH_FAILURE_POINT): Don't push registers any more. The pattern address pushed is not the destination of the jump but the source of it instead. (NUM_FAILURE_ITEMS): Remove. (POP_FAILURE_POINT): Adapt to the new stack structure (i.e. pop registers before the actual failure point). Don't hardcode any meaning for str==NULL anymore. (union register_info_type, REG_MATCH_NULL_STRING_P, IS_ACTIVE) (MATCHED_SOMETHING, EVER_MATCHED_SOMETHING, SET_REGS_MATCHED): Remove. (REG_UNSET_VALUE): Use NULL (why not?). (compile_range): Remove declaration since it doesn't exist. (struct compile_stack_elt_t): Remove inner_group_offset. (old_reg(start|end), reg_info, reg_dummy, reg_info_dummy): Remove. (regex_grow_registers): Remove dead code. (FIXUP_ALT_JUMP): New macro. (regex_compile): Add shy-groups Change loops to use on_failure_jump_smart&jump instead of on_failure_jump&maybe_pop_jump. Change + loops to eliminate the initial (dummy_failure_)jump. Remove c1_base (looks like unused variable to me). Use `jump' instead of `jump_past_alt' and don't bother with push_dummy_failure in alternatives since it is now unnecessary. Use FIXUP_ALT_JUMP. Eliminate a useless `#ifdef emacs' for (re)allocating the stack. (re_compile_fastmap): Remove dead variables i and num_regs. Exit from loop when bufp->can_be_null rather than jumping to `done'. Avoid jumping backwards so as to ensure termination. Use PATTERN_STACK_EMPTY and POP_PATTERN_OP. Improved handling of backreferences. Remove dead code in handling of `anychar'. (skip_noops, mutually_exclusive_p): New functions taken from the handling of `maybe_pop_jump' in re_match_2_internal. Slightly improve mutually_exclusive_p to handle ".+\n". ((lowest|highest)_active_reg, NO_(LOWEST|HIGHEST)_ACTIVE_REG) Remove. (re_match_2_internal): Use %p instead of 0x%x when printf'ing ptrs. Don't SET_REGS_MATCHED anymore. Remove many dead variables. Push register (in `start_memory') on the stack rather than storing it in old_reg(start|end). Remove the cycle detection from `stop_memory', replaced by the use of on_failure_jump_loop for greedy loops. Add code for the new on_failure_jump_<foo>. Remove ad-hoc code in `on_failure_jump' to push more registers in the case of a loop. Take out code from `maybe_pop_jump' into separate functions and adapt it to the semantics of `on_failure_jump_smart'. Remove jump_past_alt, dummy_failure_jump and push_dummy_failure. Remove dummy_failure handling and handling of `failures to jump to on_failure_jump' (this last one was already dead code, it seems). ((group|alt|common_op)_match_null_string_p): Remove.

@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node M-x, Help, Minibuffer, Top
@chapter Running Commands by Name

  The Emacs commands that are used often or that must be quick to type are
bound to keys---short sequences of characters---for convenient use.  Other
Emacs commands that do not need to be brief are not bound to keys; to run
them, you must refer to them by name.

  A command name is, by convention, made up of one or more words,
separated by hyphens; for example, @code{auto-fill-mode} or
@code{manual-entry}.  The use of English words makes the command name
easier to remember than a key made up of obscure characters, even though
it is more characters to type.

@kindex M-x
  The way to run a command by name is to start with @kbd{M-x}, type the
command name, and finish it with @key{RET}.  @kbd{M-x} uses the
minibuffer to read the command name.  @key{RET} exits the minibuffer and
runs the command.  The string @samp{M-x} appears at the beginning of the
minibuffer as a @dfn{prompt} to remind you to enter the name of a
command to be run.  @xref{Minibuffer}, for full information on the
features of the minibuffer.

  You can use completion to enter the command name.  For example, the
command @code{forward-char} can be invoked by name by typing

@example
M-x forward-char @key{RET}
@end example

@noindent
or

@example
M-x forw @key{TAB} c @key{RET}
@end example

@noindent
Note that @code{forward-char} is the same command that you invoke with
the key @kbd{C-f}.  You can run any Emacs command by name using
@kbd{M-x}, whether or not any keys are bound to it.

  If you type @kbd{C-g} while the command name is being read, you cancel
the @kbd{M-x} command and get out of the minibuffer, ending up at top level.

  To pass a numeric argument to the command you are invoking with
@kbd{M-x}, specify the numeric argument before the @kbd{M-x}.  @kbd{M-x}
passes the argument along to the command it runs.  The argument value
appears in the prompt while the command name is being read.

@vindex suggest-key-bindings
  If the command you type has a key binding of its own, Emacs mentions
this in the echo area, two seconds after the command finishes (if you
don't type anything else first).  For example, if you type @kbd{M-x
forward-word}, the message says that you can run the same command more
easily by typing @kbd{M-f}.  You can turn off these messages by setting
@code{suggest-key-bindings} to @code{nil}.

  Normally, when describing in this manual a command that is run by
name, we omit the @key{RET} that is needed to terminate the name.  Thus
we might speak of @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} rather than @kbd{M-x
auto-fill-mode @key{RET}}.  We mention the @key{RET} only when there is
a need to emphasize its presence, such as when we show the command
together with following arguments.

@findex execute-extended-command
  @kbd{M-x} works by running the command
@code{execute-extended-command}, which is responsible for reading the
name of another command and invoking it.