GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 2006-05-31Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.See the end of the file for license conditions.Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.This file is about changes in emacs version 20.* Emacs 20.7 is a bug-fix release with few user-visible changes** It is now possible to use CCL-based coding systems for keyboardinput.** ange-ftp now handles FTP security extensions, like Kerberos.** Rmail has been extended to recognize more forms of digest messages.** Now, most coding systems set in keyboard coding system work notonly for character input, but also in incremental search. Theexceptions are such coding systems that handle 2-byte character sets(e.g euc-kr, euc-jp) and that use ISO's escape sequence(e.g. iso-2022-jp). They are ignored in incremental search.** Support for Macintosh PowerPC-based machines running GNU/Linux hasbeen added.* Emacs 20.6 is a bug-fix release with one user-visible change** Support for ARM-based non-RISCiX machines has been added.* Emacs 20.5 is a bug-fix release with no user-visible changes.** Not new, but not mentioned before:M-w when Transient Mark mode is enabled disables the mark.* Changes in Emacs 20.4** Init file may be called .emacs.el.You can now call the Emacs init file `.emacs.el'.Formerly the name had to be `.emacs'. If you use the name`.emacs.el', you can byte-compile the file in the usual way.If both `.emacs' and `.emacs.el' exist, the latter fileis the one that is used.** shell-command, and shell-command-on-region, now returnthe exit code of the command (unless it is asynchronous).Also, you can specify a place to put the error output,separate from the command's regular output.Interactively, the variable shell-command-default-error-buffersays where to put error output; set it to a buffer name.In calls from Lisp, an optional argument ERROR-BUFFER specifiesthe buffer name.When you specify a non-nil error buffer (or buffer name), any erroroutput is inserted before point in that buffer, with \f\n to separateit from the previous batch of error output. The error buffer is notcleared, so error output from successive commands accumulates there.** Setting the default value of enable-multibyte-characters to nil inthe .emacs file, either explicitly using setq-default, or via Custom,is now essentially equivalent to using --unibyte: all bufferscreated during startup will be made unibyte after loading .emacs.** C-x C-f now handles the wildcards * and ? in file names. Forexample, typing C-x C-f c*.c RET visits all the files whose namesmatch c*.c. To visit a file whose name contains * or ?, add thequoting sequence /: to the beginning of the file name.** The M-x commands keep-lines, flush-lines and count-matchesnow have the same feature as occur and query-replace:if the pattern contains any upper case letters, thenthey never ignore case.** The end-of-line format conversion feature previously mentionedunder `* Emacs 20.1 changes for MS-DOS and MS-Windows' actuallyapplies to all operating systems. Emacs recognizes from the contentsof a file what convention it uses to separate lines--newline, CRLF, orjust CR--and automatically converts the contents to the normal Emacsconvention (using newline to separate lines) for editing. This is apart of the general feature of coding system conversion.If you subsequently save the buffer, Emacs converts the text back tothe same format that was used in the file before.You can turn off end-of-line conversion by setting the variable`inhibit-eol-conversion' to non-nil, e.g. with Custom in the MULE group.** The character set property `prefered-coding-system' has beenrenamed to `preferred-coding-system', for the sake of correct spelling.This is a fairly internal feature, so few programs should be affected.** Mode-line display of end-of-line format is changed.The indication of the end-of-line format of the file visited by abuffer is now more explicit when that format is not the usual one foryour operating system. For example, the DOS-style end-of-line formatis displayed as "(DOS)" on Unix and GNU/Linux systems. The usualend-of-line format is still displayed as a single character (colon forUnix, backslash for DOS and Windows, and forward slash for the Mac).The values of the variables eol-mnemonic-unix, eol-mnemonic-dos,eol-mnemonic-mac, and eol-mnemonic-undecided, which are strings,control what is displayed in the mode line for each end-of-lineformat. You can now customize these variables.** In the previous version of Emacs, tar-mode didn't work well if afilename contained non-ASCII characters. Now this is fixed. Such afilename is decoded by file-name-coding-system if the default value ofenable-multibyte-characters is non-nil.** The command temp-buffer-resize-mode toggles a minor modein which temporary buffers (such as help buffers) are givenwindows just big enough to hold the whole contents.** If you use completion.el, you must now run the functiondynamic-completion-mode to enable it. Just loading the filedoesn't have any effect.** In Flyspell mode, the default is now to make just one Ispell process,not one per buffer.** If you use iswitchb but do not call (iswitchb-default-keybindings) touse the default keybindings, you will need to add the following line: (add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'iswitchb-minibuffer-setup)** Auto-show mode is no longer enabled just by loading auto-show.el.To control it, set `auto-show-mode' via Custom or use the`auto-show-mode' command.** Handling of X fonts' ascent/descent parameters has been changed toavoid redisplay problems. As a consequence, compared with previousversions the line spacing and frame size now differ with some fontchoices, typically increasing by a pixel per line. This changeoccurred in version 20.3 but was not documented then.** If you select the bar cursor style, it uses the frame'scursor-color, rather than the cursor foreground pixel.** In multibyte mode, Rmail decodes incoming MIME messages using thecharacter set specified in the message. If you want to disable thisfeature, set the variable rmail-decode-mime-charset to nil.** Not new, but not mentioned previously in NEWS: when you use #! atthe beginning of a file to make it executable and specify aninterpreter program, Emacs looks on the second line for the -*- modeand variable specification, as well as on the first line.** Support for IBM codepage encoding of non-ASCII characters.The new command M-x codepage-setup creates a special coding systemthat can be used to convert text between a specific IBM codepage andone of the character sets built into Emacs which matches thatcodepage. For example, codepage 850 corresponds to Latin-1 characterset, codepage 855 corresponds to Cyrillic-ISO character set, etc.Windows codepages 1250, 1251 and some others, where Windows deviatesfrom the corresponding ISO character set, are also supported.IBM box-drawing characters and other glyphs which don't haveequivalents in the corresponding ISO character set, are converted toa character defined by dos-unsupported-char-glyph on MS-DOS, and to`?' on other systems.IBM codepages are widely used on MS-DOS and MS-Windows, so thisfeature is most useful on those platforms, but it can also be used onUnix.Emacs compiled for MS-DOS automatically loads the support for thecurrent codepage when it starts.** Mail changes*** When mail is sent using compose-mail (C-x m), and if`mail-send-nonascii' is set to the new default value `mime',appropriate MIME headers are added. The headers are added only ifnon-ASCII characters are present in the body of the mail, and no otherMIME headers are already present. For example, the following threeheaders are added if the coding system used in the *mail* buffer islatin-1: MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit*** The new variable default-sendmail-coding-system specifies thedefault way to encode outgoing mail. This has higher priority thandefault-buffer-file-coding-system but has lower priority thansendmail-coding-system and the local value ofbuffer-file-coding-system.You should not set this variable manually. Instead, setsendmail-coding-system to specify a fixed encoding for all outgoingmail.*** When you try to send a message that contains non-ASCII characters,if the coding system specified by those variables doesn't handle them,Emacs will ask you to select a suitable coding system while showing alist of possible coding systems.** CC Mode changes*** c-default-style can now take an association list that maps majormodes to style names. When this variable is an alist, Java mode nolonger hardcodes a setting to "java" style. See the variable'sdocstring for details.*** It's now possible to put a list as the offset on a syntacticsymbol. The list is evaluated recursively until a non-nil offset isfound. This is useful to combine several lineup functions to act in aprioritized order on a single line. However, none of the suppliedlineup functions use this feature currently.*** New syntactic symbol catch-clause, which is used on the "catch" and"finally" lines in try-catch constructs in C++ and Java.*** New cleanup brace-catch-brace on c-cleanup-list, which does for"catch" lines what brace-elseif-brace does for "else if" lines.*** The braces of Java anonymous inner classes are treated separatelyfrom the braces of other classes in auto-newline mode. Two newsymbols inexpr-class-open and inexpr-class-close may be used onc-hanging-braces-alist to control the automatic newlines used foranonymous classes.*** Support for the Pike language added, along with new Pike specificsyntactic symbols: inlambda, lambda-intro-cont*** Support for Java anonymous classes via new syntactic symbolinexpr-class. New syntactic symbol inexpr-statement for Pikesupport and gcc-style statements inside expressions. New lineupfunction c-lineup-inexpr-block.*** New syntactic symbol brace-entry-open which is used in brace lists(i.e. static initializers) when a list entry starts with an openbrace. These used to be recognized as brace-list-entry's.c-electric-brace also recognizes brace-entry-open braces(brace-list-entry's can no longer be electrified).*** New command c-indent-line-or-region, not bound by default.*** `#' is only electric when typed in the indentation of a line.*** Parentheses are now electric (via the new command c-electric-paren)for auto-reindenting lines when parens are typed.*** In "gnu" style, inline-open offset is now set to zero.*** Uniform handling of the inclass syntactic symbol. The indentationassociated with it is now always relative to the class opening brace.This means that the indentation behavior has changed in somecircumstances, but only if you've put anything besides 0 on theclass-open syntactic symbol (none of the default styles do that).** Gnus changes.*** New functionality for using Gnus as an offline newsreader has beenadded. A plethora of new commands and modes have been added. See theGnus manual for the full story.*** The nndraft backend has returned, but works differently thanbefore. All Message buffers are now also articles in the nndraftgroup, which is created automatically.*** `gnus-alter-header-function' can now be used to alter headervalues.*** `gnus-summary-goto-article' now accept Message-ID's.*** A new Message command for deleting text in the body of a messageoutside the region: `C-c C-v'.*** You can now post to component group in nnvirtual groups with`C-u C-c C-c'.*** `nntp-rlogin-program' -- new variable to ease customization.*** `C-u C-c C-c' in `gnus-article-edit-mode' will now inhibitre-highlighting of the article buffer.*** New element in `gnus-boring-article-headers' -- `long-to'.*** `M-i' symbolic prefix command. See the section "SymbolicPrefixes" in the Gnus manual for details.*** `L' and `I' in the summary buffer now take the symbolic prefix`a' to add the score rule to the "all.SCORE" file.*** `gnus-simplify-subject-functions' variable to allow greatercontrol over simplification.*** `A T' -- new command for fetching the current thread.*** `/ T' -- new command for including the current thread in thelimit.*** `M-RET' is a new Message command for breaking cited text.*** \\1-expressions are now valid in `nnmail-split-methods'.*** The `custom-face-lookup' function has been removed.If you used this function in your initialization files, you mustrewrite them to use `face-spec-set' instead.*** Canceling now uses the current select method. Symbolic prefix`a' forces normal posting method.*** New command to translate M******** sm*rtq**t*s into proper text-- `W d'.*** For easier debugging of nntp, you can set `nntp-record-commands'to a non-nil value.*** nntp now uses ~/.authinfo, a .netrc-like file, for controllingwhere and how to send AUTHINFO to NNTP servers.*** A command for editing group parameters from the summary bufferhas been added.*** A history of where mails have been split is available.*** A new article date command has been added -- `article-date-iso8601'.*** Subjects can be simplified when threading by setting`gnus-score-thread-simplify'.*** A new function for citing in Message has been added --`message-cite-original-without-signature'.*** `article-strip-all-blank-lines' -- new article command.*** A new Message command to kill to the end of the article hasbeen added.*** A minimum adaptive score can be specified by using the`gnus-adaptive-word-minimum' variable.*** The "lapsed date" article header can be kept continuallyupdated by the `gnus-start-date-timer' command.*** Web listserv archives can be read with the nnlistserv backend.*** Old dejanews archives can now be read by nnweb.*** `gnus-posting-styles' has been re-activated.** Changes to TeX and LaTeX mode*** The new variable `tex-start-options-string' can be used to giveoptions for the TeX run. The default value causes TeX to run innonstopmode. For an interactive TeX run set it to nil or "".*** The command `tex-feed-input' sends input to the Tex Shell. In aTeX buffer it is bound to the keys C-RET, C-c RET, and C-c C-m (someof these keys may not work on all systems). For instance, if you runTeX interactively and if the TeX run stops because of an error, youcan continue it without leaving the TeX buffer by typing C-RET.*** The Tex Shell Buffer is now in `compilation-shell-minor-mode'.All error-parsing commands of the Compilation major mode are availablebut bound to keys that don't collide with the shell. Thus you can usethe Tex Shell for command line executions like a usual shell.*** The commands `tex-validate-region' and `tex-validate-buffer' checkthe matching of braces and $'s. The errors are listed in a *Occur*buffer and you can use C-c C-c or mouse-2 to go to a particularmismatch.** Changes to RefTeX mode*** The table of contents buffer can now also display labels andfile boundaries in addition to sections. Use `l', `i', and `c' keys.*** Labels derived from context (the section heading) are nowlowercase by default. To make the label legal in LaTeX, latin-1characters will lose their accent. All Mule characters will beremoved from the label.*** The automatic display of cross reference information can also usea window instead of the echo area. See variable `reftex-auto-view-crossref'.*** kpsewhich can be used by RefTeX to find TeX and BibTeX files. See thecustomization group `reftex-finding-files'.*** The option `reftex-bibfile-ignore-list' has been renamed to`reftex-bibfile-ignore-regexps' and indeed can be fed with regularexpressions.*** Multiple Selection buffers are now hidden buffers.** New/deleted modes and packages*** The package snmp-mode.el provides major modes for editing SNMP andSNMPv2 MIBs. It has entries on `auto-mode-alist'.*** The package sql.el provides a major mode, M-x sql-mode, forediting SQL files, and M-x sql-interactive-mode for interacting withSQL interpreters. It has an entry on `auto-mode-alist'.*** ispell4.el has been deleted. It got in the way of ispell.el andthis was hard to fix reliably. It has long been obsolete -- useIspell 3.1 and ispell.el.* MS-DOS changes in Emacs 20.4** Emacs compiled for MS-DOS now supports MULE features better.This includes support for display of all ISO 8859-N character sets,conversion to and from IBM codepage encoding of non-ASCII characters,and automatic setup of the MULE environment at startup. For details,check out the section `MS-DOS and MULE' in the manual.The MS-DOS installation procedure automatically configures and buildsEmacs with input method support if it finds an unpacked Leimdistribution when the config.bat script is run.** Formerly, the value of lpr-command did not affect printing onMS-DOS unless print-region-function was set to nil, but now itcontrols whether an external program is invoked or output is writtendirectly to a printer port. Similarly, in the previous version ofEmacs, the value of ps-lpr-command did not affect PostScript printingon MS-DOS unless ps-printer-name was set to something other than astring (eg. t or `pipe'), but now it controls whether an externalprogram is used. (These changes were made so that configuration ofprinting variables would be almost identical across all platforms.)** In the previous version of Emacs, PostScript and non-PostScriptoutput was piped to external programs, but because most print programsavailable for MS-DOS and MS-Windows cannot read data from their standardinput, on those systems the data to be output is now written to atemporary file whose name is passed as the last argument to the externalprogram.An exception is made for `print', a standard program on Windows NT,and `nprint', a standard program on Novell Netware. For both of theseprograms, the command line is constructed in the appropriate syntaxautomatically, using only the value of printer-name or ps-printer-nameas appropriate--the value of the relevant `-switches' variable isignored, as both programs have no useful switches.** The value of the variable dos-printer (cf. dos-ps-printer), if it hasa value, overrides the value of printer-name (cf. ps-printer-name), onMS-DOS and MS-Windows only. This has been true since version 20.3, butwas not documented clearly before.** All the Emacs games now work on MS-DOS terminals.This includes Tetris and Snake.* Lisp changes in Emacs 20.4** New functions line-beginning-position and line-end-positionreturn the position of the beginning or end of the current line.They both accept an optional argument, which has the samemeaning as the argument to beginning-of-line or end-of-line.** find-file and allied functions now have an optional argumentWILDCARD. If this is non-nil, they do wildcard processing,and visit all files that match the wildcard pattern.** Changes in the file-attributes function.*** The file size returned by file-attributes may be an integer or a float.It is an integer if the size fits in a Lisp integer, float otherwise.*** The inode number returned by file-attributes may be an integer (ifthe number fits in a Lisp integer) or a cons cell containing twointegers.** The new function directory-files-and-attributes returns a list offiles in a directory and their attributes. It accepts the samearguments as directory-files and has similar semantics, except thatfile names and attributes are returned.** The new function file-attributes-lessp is a helper function forsorting the list generated by directory-files-and-attributes. Itaccepts two arguments, each a list of a file name and its attributes.It compares the file names of each according to string-lessp andreturns the result.** The new function file-expand-wildcards expands a wildcard-patternto produce a list of existing files that match the pattern.** New functions for base64 conversion:The function base64-encode-region converts a part of the bufferinto the base64 code used in MIME. base64-decode-regionperforms the opposite conversion. Line-breaking is supportedoptionally.Functions base64-encode-string and base64-decode-string do a similarjob on the text in a string. They return the value as a new string.**The new function process-running-child-pwill tell you if a subprocess has given control of itsterminal to its own child process.** interrupt-process and such functions have a new feature:when the second argument is `lambda', they send a signalto the running child of the subshell, if any, but if the shellitself owns its terminal, no signal is sent.** There are new widget types `plist' and `alist' which canbe used for customizing variables whose values are plists or alists.** easymenu.el now understands `:key-sequence' and `:style button'.:included is an alias for :visible.easy-menu-add-item now understands the values returned byeasy-menu-remove-item and easy-menu-item-present-p. This can be usedto move or copy menu entries.** Multibyte editing changes*** The definitions of sref and char-bytes are changed. Now, sref isan alias of aref and char-bytes always returns 1. This change is tomake some Emacs Lisp code which works on 20.2 and earlier alsowork on the latest Emacs. Such code uses a combination of sref andchar-bytes in a loop typically as below: (setq char (sref str idx) idx (+ idx (char-bytes idx)))The byte-compiler now warns that this is obsolete.If you want to know how many bytes a specific multibyte character(say, CH) occupies in a multibyte buffer, use this code: (charset-bytes (char-charset ch))*** In multibyte mode, when you narrow a buffer to some region, and theregion is preceded or followed by non-ASCII codes, inserting ordeleting at the head or the end of the region may signal this error: Byte combining across boundary of accessible buffer text inhibitedThis is to avoid some bytes being combined together into a characteracross the boundary.*** The functions find-charset-region and find-charset-string include`unknown' in the returned list in the following cases: o The current buffer or the target string is unibyte and contains 8-bit characters. o The current buffer or the target string is multibyte and contains invalid characters.*** The functions decode-coding-region and encode-coding-region removetext properties of the target region. Ideally, they should correctlypreserve text properties, but for the moment, it's hard. Removingtext properties is better than preserving them in a less-than-correctway.*** prefer-coding-system sets EOL conversion of default coding systems.If the argument to prefer-coding-system specifies a certain type ofend of line conversion, the default coding systems set byprefer-coding-system will specify that conversion type for end of line.*** The new function thai-compose-string can be used to properlycompose Thai characters in a string.** The primitive `define-prefix-command' now takes an optional thirdargument NAME, which should be a string. It supplies the menu namefor the created keymap. Keymaps created in order to be displayed asmenus should always use the third argument.** The meanings of optional second arguments for read-char,read-event, and read-char-exclusive are flipped. Now the secondarguments are INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD. These functions use the currentinput method (if any) if and only if INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD is non-nil.** The new function clear-this-command-keys empties out the contentsof the vector that (this-command-keys) returns. This is useful inprograms that read passwords, to prevent the passwords from echoinginadvertently as part of the next command in certain cases.** The new macro `with-temp-message' displays a temporary message inthe echo area, while executing some Lisp code. Like `progn', itreturns the value of the last form, but it also restores the previousecho area contents. (with-temp-message MESSAGE &rest BODY)** The function `require' now takes an optional third argumentNOERROR. If it is non-nil, then there is no error if therequested feature cannot be loaded.** In the function modify-face, an argument of (nil) for theforeground color, background color or stipple patternmeans to clear out that attribute.** The `outer-window-id' frame property of an X framegives the window number of the outermost X window for the frame.** Temporary buffers made with with-output-to-temp-buffer are nowread-only by default, and normally use the major mode Help modeunless you put them in some other non-Fundamental mode before theend of with-output-to-temp-buffer.** The new functions gap-position and gap-size return information onthe gap of the current buffer.** The new functions position-bytes and byte-to-position provide a wayto convert between character positions and byte positions in thecurrent buffer.** vc.el defines two new macros, `edit-vc-file' and `with-vc-file', tofacilitate working with version-controlled files from Lisp programs.These macros check out a given file automatically if needed, and checkit back in after any modifications have been made.* Installation Changes in Emacs 20.3** The default value of load-path now includes most subdirectories ofthe site-specific directories /usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp and/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp, in addition to thosedirectories themselves. Both immediate subdirectories andsubdirectories multiple levels down are added to load-path.Not all subdirectories are included, though. Subdirectories whosenames do not start with a letter or digit are excluded.Subdirectories named RCS or CVS are excluded. Also, a subdirectorywhich contains a file named `.nosearch' is excluded. You can usethese methods to prevent certain subdirectories from being searched.Emacs finds these subdirectories and adds them to load-path when itstarts up. While it would be cleaner to find the subdirectories eachtime Emacs loads a file, that would be much slower.This feature is an incompatible change. If you have stored some EmacsLisp files in a subdirectory of the site-lisp directory specificallyto prevent them from being used, you will need to rename thesubdirectory to start with a non-alphanumeric character, or create a`.nosearch' file in it, in order to continue to achieve the desiredresults.** Emacs no longer includes an old version of the C preprocessor fromGCC. This was formerly used to help compile Emacs with C compilersthat had limits on the significant length of an identifier, but infact we stopped supporting such compilers some time ago.* Changes in Emacs 20.3** The new command C-x z (repeat) repeats the previous commandincluding its argument. If you repeat the z afterward,it repeats the command additional times; thus, you canperform many repetitions with one keystroke per repetition.** Emacs now supports "selective undo" which undoes only within aspecified region. To do this, set point and mark around the desiredregion and type C-u C-x u (or C-u C-_). You can then continue undoingfurther, within the same region, by repeating the ordinary undocommand C-x u or C-_. This will keep undoing changes that were madewithin the region you originally specified, until either all of themare undone, or it encounters a change which crosses the edge of thatregion.In Transient Mark mode, undoing when a region is active requestsselective undo.** If you specify --unibyte when starting Emacs, then all buffers areunibyte, except when a Lisp program specifically creates a multibytebuffer. Setting the environment variable EMACS_UNIBYTE has the sameeffect. The --no-unibyte option overrides EMACS_UNIBYTE and directsEmacs to run normally in multibyte mode.The option --unibyte does not affect the reading of Emacs Lisp files,though. If you want a Lisp file to be read in unibyte mode, use-*-unibyte: t;-*- on its first line. That will force Emacs toload that file in unibyte mode, regardless of how Emacs was started.** toggle-enable-multibyte-characters no longer has a key binding andno longer appears in the menu bar. We've realized that changing theenable-multibyte-characters variable in an existing buffer issomething that most users not do.** You can specify a coding system to use for the next cut or pasteoperations through the window system with the command C-x RET X.The coding system can make a difference for communication with otherapplications.C-x RET x specifies a coding system for all subsequent cutting andpasting operations.** You can specify the printer to use for commands that do printing bysetting the variable `printer-name'. Just what a printer name lookslike depends on your operating system. You can specify a differentprinter for the Postscript printing commands by setting`ps-printer-name'.** Emacs now supports on-the-fly spell checking by the means of aminor mode. It is called M-x flyspell-mode. You don't have to rememberany other special commands to use it, and you will hardly notice itexcept when you make a spelling error. Flyspell works by highlightingincorrect words as soon as they are completed or as soon as the cursorhits a new word.Flyspell mode works with whichever dictionary you have selected forIspell in Emacs. In TeX mode, it understands TeX syntax so as notto be confused by TeX commands.You can correct a misspelled word by editing it into somethingcorrect. You can also correct it, or accept it as correct, byclicking on the word with Mouse-2; that gives you a pop-up menuof various alternative replacements and actions.Flyspell mode also proposes "automatic" corrections. M-TAB replacesthe current misspelled word with a possible correction. If severalcorrections are made possible, M-TAB cycles through them inalphabetical order, or in order of decreasing likelihood ifflyspell-sort-corrections is nil.Flyspell mode also flags an error when a word is repeated, ifflyspell-mark-duplications-flag is non-nil.** Changes in input method usage.Now you can use arrow keys (right, left, down, up) for selecting amongthe alternatives just the same way as you do by C-f, C-b, C-n, and C-prespectively.You can use the ENTER key to accept the current conversion.If you type TAB to display a list of alternatives, you can select oneof the alternatives with Mouse-2.The meaning of the variable `input-method-verbose-flag' is changed sothat you can set it to t, nil, `default', or `complex-only'. If the value is nil, extra guidance is never given. If the value is t, extra guidance is always given. If the value is `complex-only', extra guidance is always given only when you are using complex input methods such as chinese-py. If the value is `default' (this is the default), extra guidance is given in the following case: o When you are using a complex input method. o When you are using a simple input method but not in the minibuffer.If you are using Emacs through a very slow line, settinginput-method-verbose-flag to nil or to complex-only is a good choice,and if you are using an input method you are not familiar with,setting it to t is helpful.The old command select-input-method is now called set-input-method.In the language environment "Korean", you can use the followingkeys: Shift-SPC toggle-korean-input-method C-F9 quail-hangul-switch-symbol-ksc F9 quail-hangul-switch-hanjaThese key bindings are canceled when you switch to another languageenvironment.** The minibuffer history of file names now records the specified filenames, not the entire minibuffer input. For example, if theminibuffer starts out with /usr/foo/, you might type in /etc/passwd toget /usr/foo//etc/passwdwhich stands for the file /etc/passwd.Formerly, this used to put /usr/foo//etc/passwd in the history list.Now this puts just /etc/passwd in the history list.** If you are root, Emacs sets backup-by-copying-when-mismatch to tat startup, so that saving a file will be sure to preserveits owner and group.** find-func.el can now also find the place of definition of EmacsLisp variables in user-loaded libraries.** C-x r t (string-rectangle) now deletes the existing rectanglecontents before inserting the specified string on each line.** There is a new command delete-whitespace-rectanglewhich deletes whitespace starting from a particular columnin all the lines on a rectangle. The column is specifiedby the left edge of the rectangle.** You can now store a number into a register with C-u NUMBER C-x r n REG,increment it by INC with C-u INC C-x r + REG (to increment by one, omitC-u INC), and insert it in the buffer with C-x r g REG. This is usefulfor writing keyboard macros.** The new command M-x speedbar displays a frame in which directories,files, and tags can be displayed, manipulated, and jumped to. Theframe defaults to 20 characters in width, and is the same height asthe frame that it was started from. Some major modes defineadditional commands for the speedbar, including Rmail, GUD/GDB, andinfo.** query-replace-regexp is now bound to C-M-%.** In Transient Mark mode, when the region is active, M-xquery-replace and the other replace commands now operate on the regioncontents only.** M-x write-region, when used interactively, now asks forconfirmation before overwriting an existing file. When you callthe function from a Lisp program, a new optional argument CONFIRMsays whether to ask for confirmation in this case.** If you use find-file-literally and the file is already visitednon-literally, the command asks you whether to revisit the fileliterally. If you say no, it signals an error.** Major modes defined with the "derived mode" featurenow use the proper name for the mode hook: WHATEVER-mode-hook.Formerly they used the name WHATEVER-mode-hooks, but that isinconsistent with Emacs conventions.** shell-command-on-region (and shell-command) reports success orfailure if the command produces no output.** Set focus-follows-mouse to nil if your window system or windowmanager does not transfer focus to another window when you just movethe mouse.** mouse-menu-buffer-maxlen has been renamed tomouse-buffer-menu-maxlen to be consistent with the other relatedfunction and variable names.** The new variable auto-coding-alist specifies coding systems forreading specific files. This has higher priority thanfile-coding-system-alist.** If you set the variable unibyte-display-via-language-environment tot, then Emacs displays non-ASCII characters are displayed byconverting them to the equivalent multibyte characters according tothe current language environment. As a result, they are displayedaccording to the current fontset.** C-q's handling of codes in the range 0200 through 0377 is changed.The codes in the range 0200 through 0237 are inserted as one byte ofthat code regardless of the values of nonascii-translation-table andnonascii-insert-offset.For the codes in the range 0240 through 0377, ifenable-multibyte-characters is non-nil and nonascii-translation-tablenor nonascii-insert-offset can't convert them to valid multibytecharacters, they are converted to Latin-1 characters.** If you try to find a file that is not read-accessible, you now getan error, rather than an empty buffer and a warning.** In the minibuffer history commands M-r and M-s, an upper caseletter in the regular expression forces case-sensitive search.** In the *Help* buffer, cross-references to commands and variablesare inferred and hyperlinked. Use C-h m in Help mode for the relevantcommand keys.** M-x apropos-command, with a prefix argument, no longer looks foruser option variables--instead it looks for noninteractive functions.Meanwhile, the command apropos-variable normally searches foruser option variables; with a prefix argument, it looks atall variables that have documentation.** When you type a long line in the minibuffer, and the minibuffershows just one line, automatically scrolling works in a special waythat shows you overlap with the previous line of text. The variableminibuffer-scroll-overlap controls how many characters of overlapit should show; the default is 20.Meanwhile, Resize Minibuffer mode is still available; in that mode,the minibuffer grows taller (up to a point) as needed to show the wholeof your input.** The new command M-x customize-changed-options lets you customizeall the options whose meanings or default values have changed inrecent Emacs versions. You specify a previous Emacs version number asargument, and the command creates a customization buffer showing allthe customizable options which were changed since that version.Newly added options are included as well.If you don't specify a particular version number argument,then the customization buffer shows all the customizable optionsfor which Emacs versions of changes are recorded.This function is also bound to the Changed Options entry in theCustomize menu.** When you run M-x grep with a prefix argument, it figures outthe tag around point and puts that into the default grep command.** The new command M-* (pop-tag-mark) pops back through a history ofbuffer positions from which M-. or other tag-finding commands wereinvoked.** The new variable comment-padding specifies the number of spacesthat `comment-region' will insert before the actual text of the comment.The default is 1.** In Fortran mode the characters `.', `_' and `$' now have symbolsyntax, not word syntax. Fortran mode now supports `imenu' and hasnew commands fortran-join-line (M-^) and fortran-narrow-to-subprogram(C-x n d). M-q can be used to fill a statement or comment blocksensibly.** GUD now supports jdb, the Java debugger, and pdb, the Python debugger.** If you set the variable add-log-keep-changes-together to a non-nilvalue, the command `C-x 4 a' will automatically notice when you maketwo entries in one day for one file, and combine them.** You can use the command M-x diary-mail-entries to mail yourself areminder about upcoming diary entries. See the documentation stringfor a sample shell script for calling this function automaticallyevery night.** Desktop changes*** All you need to do to enable use of the Desktop package, is to setthe variable desktop-enable to t with Custom.*** Minor modes are now restored. Which minor modes are restoredand how modes are restored is controlled by `desktop-minor-mode-table'.** There is no need to do anything special, now, to enable Gnus toread and post multi-lingual articles.** Outline mode has now support for showing hidden outlines whendoing an isearch. In order for this to happen search-invisible shouldbe set to open (the default). If an isearch match is inside a hiddenoutline the outline is made visible. If you continue pressing C-s andthe match moves outside the formerly invisible outline, the outline ismade invisible again.** Mail reading and sending changes*** The Rmail e command now switches to displaying the whole header ofthe message before it lets you edit the message. This is so that anychanges you make in the header will not be lost if you subsequentlytoggle.*** The w command in Rmail, which writes the message body into a file,now works in the summary buffer as well. (The command to delete thesummary buffer is now Q.) The default file name for the w command, ifthe message has no subject, is stored in the variablermail-default-body-file.*** Most of the commands and modes that operate on mail and netnews nolonger depend on the value of mail-header-separator. Instead, theyhandle whatever separator the buffer happens to use.*** If you set mail-signature to a value which is not t, nil, or a string,it should be an expression. When you send a message, this expressionis evaluated to insert the signature.*** The new Lisp library feedmail.el (version 8) enhances processing ofoutbound email messages. It works in coordination with other emailhandling packages (e.g., rmail, VM, gnus) and is responsible forputting final touches on messages and actually submitting them fortransmission. Users of the emacs program "fakemail" might beespecially interested in trying feedmail.feedmail is not enabled by default. See comments at the top offeedmail.el for set-up instructions. Among the bigger featuresprovided by feedmail are:**** you can park outgoing messages into a disk-based queue andstimulate sending some or all of them later (handy for laptop users);there is also a queue for draft messages**** you can get one last look at the prepped outbound message andbe prompted for confirmation**** does smart filling of address headers**** can generate a MESSAGE-ID: line and a DATE: line; the date can bethe time the message was written or the time it is being sent; thiscan make FCC copies more closely resemble copies that recipients get**** you can specify an arbitrary function for actually transmittingthe message; included in feedmail are interfaces for /bin/[r]mail,/usr/lib/sendmail, and Emacs Lisp smtpmail; it's easy to write a newfunction for something else (10-20 lines of Lisp code).** Dired changes*** The Dired function dired-do-toggle, which toggles marked and unmarkedfiles, is now bound to "t" instead of "T".*** dired-at-point has been added to ffap.el. It allows one to easilyrun Dired on the directory name at point.*** Dired has a new command: %g. It searches the contents offiles in the directory and marks each file that contains a matchfor a specified regexp.** VC Changes*** New option vc-ignore-vc-files lets you turn off version controlconveniently.*** VC Dired has been completely rewritten. It is now muchfaster, especially for CVS, and works very similar to ordinaryDired.VC Dired is invoked by typing C-x v d and entering the name of thedirectory to display. By default, VC Dired gives you a recursivelisting of all files at or below the given directory which arecurrently locked (for CVS, all files not up-to-date are shown).You can change the listing format by setting vc-dired-recurse to nil,then it shows only the given directory, and you may also setvc-dired-terse-display to nil, then it shows all files under versioncontrol plus the names of any subdirectories, so that you can type `i'on such lines to insert them manually, as in ordinary Dired.All Dired commands operate normally in VC Dired, except for `v', whichis redefined as the version control prefix. That means you may type`v l', `v =' etc. to invoke `vc-print-log', `vc-diff' and the like onthe file named in the current Dired buffer line. `v v' invokes`vc-next-action' on this file, or on all files currently marked.The new command `v t' (vc-dired-toggle-terse-mode) allows you totoggle between terse display (only locked files) and full display (allVC files plus subdirectories). There is also a special command,`* l', to mark all files currently locked.Giving a prefix argument to C-x v d now does the same thing as inordinary Dired: it allows you to supply additional options for the lscommand in the minibuffer, to fine-tune VC Dired's output.*** Under CVS, if you merge changes from the repository into a workingfile, and CVS detects conflicts, VC now offers to start an ediffsession to resolve them.Alternatively, you can use the new command `vc-resolve-conflicts' toresolve conflicts in a file at any time. It works in any buffer thatcontains conflict markers as generated by rcsmerge (which is what CVSuses as well).*** You can now transfer changes between branches, using the newcommand vc-merge (C-x v m). It is implemented for RCS and CVS. Whenyou invoke it in a buffer under version-control, you can specifyeither an entire branch or a pair of versions, and the changes on thatbranch or between the two versions are merged into the working file.If this results in any conflicts, they may be resolved interactively,using ediff.** Changes in Font Lock*** The face and variable previously known as font-lock-reference-faceare now called font-lock-constant-face to better reflect their typicaluse for highlighting constants and labels. (Its face properties areunchanged.) The variable font-lock-reference-face remains for now forcompatibility reasons, but its value is font-lock-constant-face.** Frame name display changes*** The command set-frame-name lets you set the name of the currentframe. You can use the new command select-frame-by-name to select andraise a frame; this is mostly useful on character-only terminals, orwhen many frames are invisible or iconified.*** On character-only terminal (not a window system), changing theframe name is now reflected on the mode line and in the Buffers/Framesmenu.** Comint (subshell) changes*** In Comint modes, the commands to kill, stop or interrupt asubjob now also kill pending input. This is for compatibilitywith ordinary shells, where the signal characters do this.*** There are new commands in Comint mode.C-c C-x fetches the "next" line from the input history;that is, the line after the last line you got.You can use this command to fetch successive lines, one by one.C-c SPC accumulates lines of input. More precisely, it arranges tosend the current line together with the following line, when you sendthe following line.C-c C-a if repeated twice consecutively now moves to the process mark,which separates the pending input from the subprocess output and thepreviously sent input.C-c M-r now runs comint-previous-matching-input-from-input;it searches for a previous command, using the current pending inputas the search string.*** New option compilation-scroll-output can be set to scrollautomatically in compilation-mode windows.** C mode changes*** Multiline macros are now handled, both as they affect indentation,and as recognized syntax. New syntactic symbol cpp-macro-cont isassigned to second and subsequent lines of a multiline macrodefinition.*** A new style "user" which captures all non-hook-ified(i.e. top-level) .emacs file variable settings and customizations.Style "cc-mode" is an alias for "user" and is deprecated. "gnu"style is still the default however.*** "java" style now conforms to Sun's JDK coding style.*** There are new commands c-beginning-of-defun, c-end-of-defun whichare alternatives which you could bind to C-M-a and C-M-e if you preferthem. They do not have key bindings by default.*** New and improved implementations of M-a (c-beginning-of-statement)and M-e (c-end-of-statement).*** C++ namespace blocks are supported, with new syntactic symbolsnamespace-open, namespace-close, and innamespace.*** File local variable settings of c-file-style and c-file-offsetsmakes the style variables local to that buffer only.*** New indentation functions c-lineup-close-paren,c-indent-one-line-block, c-lineup-dont-change.*** Improvements (hopefully!) to the way CC Mode is loaded. Youshould now be able to do a (require 'cc-mode) to get the entirepackage loaded properly for customization in your .emacs file. A newvariable c-initialize-on-load controls this and is t by default.** Changes to hippie-expand.*** New customization variable `hippie-expand-dabbrev-skip-space'. Ifnon-nil, trailing spaces may be included in the abbreviation to search for,which then gives the same behavior as the original `dabbrev-expand'.*** New customization variable `hippie-expand-dabbrev-as-symbol'. Ifnon-nil, characters of syntax '_' is considered part of the word whenexpanding dynamically.*** New customization variable `hippie-expand-no-restriction'. Ifnon-nil, narrowed buffers are widened before they are searched.*** New customization variable `hippie-expand-only-buffers'. Ifnon-empty, buffers searched are restricted to the types specified inthis list. Useful for example when constructing new special-purposeexpansion functions with `make-hippie-expand-function'.*** Text properties of the expansion are no longer copied.** Changes in BibTeX mode.*** Any titleword matching a regexp in the new variablebibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore (case sensitive) is ignored duringautomatic key generation. This replaces variablebibtex-autokey-titleword-first-ignore, which only checked for matchesagainst the first word in the title.*** Autokey generation now uses all words from the title, not justcapitalized words. To avoid conflicts with existing customizations,bibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore is set up such that words starting withlowerkey characters will still be ignored. Thus, if you want to uselowercase words from the title, you will have to overwrite thebibtex-autokey-titleword-ignore standard setting.*** Case conversion of names and title words for automatic keygeneration is more flexible. Variable bibtex-autokey-preserve-case isreplaced by bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert andbibtex-autokey-name-case-convert.** Changes in vcursor.el.*** Support for character terminals is available: there is a new keymapand the vcursor will appear as an arrow between buffer text. Avariable `vcursor-interpret-input' allows input from the vcursor to beentered exactly as if typed. Numerous functions, including`vcursor-compare-windows', have been rewritten to improve consistencyin the selection of windows and corresponding keymaps.*** vcursor options can now be altered with M-x customize under theEditing group once the package is loaded.*** Loading vcursor now does not define keys by default, as this isgenerally a bad side effect. Use M-x customize to setvcursor-key-bindings to t to restore the old behavior.*** vcursor-auto-disable can be `copy', which turns off copying from thevcursor, but doesn't disable it, after any non-vcursor command.** Ispell changes.*** You can now spell check comments and strings in the currentbuffer with M-x ispell-comments-and-strings. Comments and stringsare identified by syntax tables in effect.*** Generic region skipping implemented.A single buffer can be broken into a number of regions where text willand will not be checked. The definitions of the regions can be userdefined. New applications and improvements made available by thisinclude: o URLs are automatically skipped o EMail message checking is vastly improved.*** Ispell can highlight the erroneous word even on non-window terminals.** Changes to RefTeX modeRefTeX has been updated in order to make it more usable with verylarge projects (like a several volume math book). The parser has beenre-written from scratch. To get maximum speed from RefTeX, check thesection `Optimizations' in the manual.*** New recursive parser.The old version of RefTeX created a single large buffer containing theentire multifile document in order to parse the document. The newrecursive parser scans the individual files.*** Parsing only part of a document.Reparsing of changed document parts can now be made faster by enablingpartial scans. To use this feature, read the documentation string ofthe variable `reftex-enable-partial-scans' and set the variable to t. (setq reftex-enable-partial-scans t)*** Storing parsing information in a file.This can improve startup times considerably. To turn it on, use (setq reftex-save-parse-info t)*** Using multiple selection buffersIf the creation of label selection buffers is too slow (this happensfor large documents), you can reuse these buffers by setting (setq reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers t)*** References to external documents.The LaTeX package `xr' allows to cross-reference labels in externaldocuments. RefTeX can provide information about the externaldocuments as well. To use this feature, set up the \externaldocumentmacros required by the `xr' package and rescan the document withRefTeX. The external labels can then be accessed with the `x' key inthe selection buffer provided by `reftex-reference' (bound to `C-c )').The `x' key also works in the table of contents buffer.*** Many more labeled LaTeX environments are recognized by default.The built-in command list now covers all the standard LaTeX commands,and all of the major packages included in the LaTeX distribution.Also, RefTeX now understands the \appendix macro and changesthe enumeration of sections in the *toc* buffer accordingly.*** Mouse support for selection and *toc* buffersThe mouse can now be used to select items in the selection and *toc*buffers. See also the new option `reftex-highlight-selection'.*** New keymaps for selection and table of contents modes.The selection processes for labels and citation keys, and the table ofcontents buffer now have their own keymaps: `reftex-select-label-map',`reftex-select-bib-map', `reftex-toc-map'. The selection processeshave a number of new keys predefined. In particular, TAB lets youenter a label with completion. Check the on-the-fly help (press `?'at the selection prompt) or read the Info documentation to find outmore.*** Support for the varioref packageThe `v' key in the label selection buffer toggles \ref versus \vref.*** New hooksThree new hooks can be used to redefine the way labels, references,and citations are created. These hooks are`reftex-format-label-function', `reftex-format-ref-function',`reftex-format-cite-function'.*** Citations outside LaTeXThe command `reftex-citation' may also be used outside LaTeX (e.g. ina mail buffer). See the Info documentation for details.*** Short context is no longer fontified.The short context in the label menu no longer copies thefontification from the text in the buffer. If you prefer it to befontified, use (setq reftex-refontify-context t)** file-cache-minibuffer-complete now accepts a prefix argument.With a prefix argument, it does not try to do completion ofthe file name within its directory; it only checks for otherdirectories that contain the same file name.Thus, given the file name Makefile, and assuming that a fileMakefile.in exists in the same directory, ordinaryfile-cache-minibuffer-complete will try to complete Makefile toMakefile.in and will therefore never look for other directories thathave Makefile. A prefix argument tells it not to look for longernames such as Makefile.in, so that instead it will look for otherdirectories--just as if the name were already complete in its presentdirectory.** New modes and packages*** There is a new alternative major mode for Perl, Cperl mode.It has many more features than Perl mode, and some people preferit, but some do not.*** There is a new major mode, M-x vhdl-mode, for editing files of VHDLcode.*** M-x which-function-mode enables a minor mode that displays thecurrent function name continuously in the mode line, as you movearound in a buffer.Which Function mode is effective in major modes which support Imenu.*** Gametree is a major mode for editing game analysis trees. The authoruses it for keeping notes about his postal Chess games, but it shouldbe helpful for other two-player games as well, as long as they have anestablished system of notation similar to Chess.*** The new minor mode checkdoc-minor-mode provides Emacs Lispdocumentation string checking for style and spelling. The styleguidelines are found in the Emacs Lisp programming manual.*** The net-utils package makes some common networking featuresavailable in Emacs. Some of these functions are wrappers aroundsystem utilities (ping, nslookup, etc.); others are implementations ofsimple protocols (finger, whois) in Emacs Lisp. There are alsofunctions to make simple connections to TCP/IP ports for debugging andthe like.*** highlight-changes-mode is a minor mode that uses colors toidentify recently changed parts of the buffer text.*** The new package `midnight' lets you specify things to be donewithin Emacs at midnight--by default, kill buffers that you have notused in a considerable time. To use this feature, customizethe user option `midnight-mode' to t.*** The file generic-x.el defines a number of simple major modes. apache-generic-mode: For Apache and NCSA httpd configuration files samba-generic-mode: Samba configuration files fvwm-generic-mode: For fvwm initialization files x-resource-generic-mode: For X resource files hosts-generic-mode: For hosts files (.rhosts, /etc/hosts, etc.) mailagent-rules-generic-mode: For mailagent .rules files javascript-generic-mode: For JavaScript files vrml-generic-mode: For VRML files java-manifest-generic-mode: For Java MANIFEST files java-properties-generic-mode: For Java property files mailrc-generic-mode: For .mailrc files Platform-specific modes: prototype-generic-mode: For Solaris/Sys V prototype files pkginfo-generic-mode: For Solaris/Sys V pkginfo files alias-generic-mode: For C shell alias files inf-generic-mode: For MS-Windows INF files ini-generic-mode: For MS-Windows INI files reg-generic-mode: For MS-Windows Registry files bat-generic-mode: For MS-Windows BAT scripts rc-generic-mode: For MS-Windows Resource files rul-generic-mode: For InstallShield scripts* Lisp changes in Emacs 20.3 since the Emacs Lisp Manual was published** If you want a Lisp file to be read in unibyte mode,use -*-unibyte: t;-*- on its first line.That will force Emacs to read that file in unibyte mode.Otherwise, the file will be loaded and byte-compiled in multibyte mode.Thus, each lisp file is read in a consistent way regardless of whetheryou started Emacs with --unibyte, so that a Lisp program givesconsistent results regardless of how Emacs was started.** The new function assoc-default is useful for searching an alist,and using a default value if the key is not found there. You canspecify a comparison predicate, so this function is useful forsearching comparing a string against an alist of regular expressions.** The functions unibyte-char-to-multibyte andmultibyte-char-to-unibyte convert between unibyte and multibytecharacter codes, in a way that is appropriate for the current languageenvironment.** The functions read-event, read-char and read-char-exclusive nowtake two optional arguments. PROMPT, if non-nil, specifies a promptstring. SUPPRESS-INPUT-METHOD, if non-nil, says to disable thecurrent input method for reading this one event.** Two new variables print-escape-nonascii and print-escape-multibytenow control whether to output certain characters asbackslash-sequences. print-escape-nonascii applies to single-bytenon-ASCII characters; print-escape-multibyte applies to multibytecharacters. Both of these variables are used only when printingin readable fashion (prin1 uses them, princ does not).* Lisp changes in Emacs 20.3 before the Emacs Lisp Manual was published** Compiled Emacs Lisp files made with the modified "MBSK" versionof Emacs 20.2 do not work in Emacs 20.3.** Buffer positions are now measured in characters, as they werein Emacs 19 and before. This means that (forward-char 1)always increases point by 1.The function chars-in-region now just subtracts its arguments. It isconsidered obsolete. The function char-boundary-p has been deleted.See below for additional changes relating to multibyte characters.** defcustom, defface and defgroup now accept the keyword `:version'.Use this to specify in which version of Emacs a certain variable'sdefault value changed. For example, (defcustom foo-max 34 "*Maximum number of foo's allowed." :type 'integer :group 'foo :version "20.3") (defgroup foo-group nil "The foo group." :version "20.3")If an entire new group is added or the variables in it have thedefault values changed, then just add a `:version' to that group. Itis recommended that new packages added to the distribution contain a`:version' in the top level group.This information is used to control the customize-changed-options command.** It is now an error to change the value of a symbol whose namestarts with a colon--if it is interned in the standard obarray.However, setting such a symbol to its proper value, which is thatsymbol itself, is not an error. This is for the sake of programs thatsupport previous Emacs versions by explicitly setting these variablesto themselves.If you set the variable keyword-symbols-constant-flag to nil,this error is suppressed, and you can set these symbols to anyvalues whatever.** There is a new debugger command, R.It evaluates an expression like e, but saves the resultin the buffer *Debugger-record*.** Frame-local variables.You can now make a variable local to various frames. To do this, callthe function make-variable-frame-local; this enables frames to havelocal bindings for that variable.These frame-local bindings are actually frame parameters: you create aframe-local binding in a specific frame by callingmodify-frame-parameters and specifying the variable name as theparameter name.Buffer-local bindings take precedence over frame-local bindings.Thus, if the current buffer has a buffer-local binding, that binding isactive; otherwise, if the selected frame has a frame-local binding,that binding is active; otherwise, the default binding is active.It would not be hard to implement window-local bindings, but it is notclear that this would be very useful; windows tend to come and go in avery transitory fashion, so that trying to produce any specific effectthrough a window-local binding would not be very robust.** `sregexq' and `sregex' are two new functions for constructing"symbolic regular expressions." These are Lisp expressions that, whenevaluated, yield conventional string-based regexps. The symbolic formmakes it easier to construct, read, and maintain complex patterns.See the documentation in sregex.el.** parse-partial-sexp's return value has an additional element whichis used to pass information along if you pass it to another call toparse-partial-sexp, starting its scan where the first call ended.The contents of this field are not yet finalized.** eval-region now accepts a fourth optional argument READ-FUNCTION.If it is non-nil, that function is used instead of `read'.** unload-feature by default removes the feature's functions fromknown hooks to avoid trouble, but a package providing FEATURE candefine a hook FEATURE-unload-hook to be run by unload-feature instead.** read-from-minibuffer no longer returns the argument DEFAULT-VALUEwhen the user enters empty input. It now returns the null string, asit did in Emacs 19. The default value is made available in thehistory via M-n, but it is not applied here as a default.The other, more specialized minibuffer-reading functions continue toreturn the default value (not the null string) when the user entersempty input.** The new variable read-buffer-function controls which routine to usefor selecting buffers. For example, if you set this variable to`iswitchb-read-buffer', iswitchb will be used to read buffer names.Other functions can also be used if they accept the same arguments as`read-buffer' and return the selected buffer name as a string.** The new function read-passwd reads a password from the terminal,echoing a period for each character typed. It takes three arguments:a prompt string, a flag which says "read it twice to make sure", and adefault password to use if the user enters nothing.** The variable fill-nobreak-predicate gives major modes a way tospecify not to break a line at certain places. Its value is afunction which is called with no arguments, with point located at theplace where a break is being considered. If the function returnsnon-nil, then the line won't be broken there.** window-end now takes an optional second argument, UPDATE.If this is non-nil, then the function always returns an accurateup-to-date value for the buffer position corresponding to theend of the window, even if this requires computation.** other-buffer now takes an optional argument FRAMEwhich specifies which frame's buffer list to use.If it is nil, that means use the selected frame's buffer list.** The new variable buffer-display-time, always local in every buffer,holds the value of (current-time) as of the last time that a windowwas directed to display this buffer.** It is now meaningful to compare two window-configuration objectswith `equal'. Two window-configuration objects are equal if theydescribe equivalent arrangements of windows, in the same frame--inother words, if they would give the same results if passed toset-window-configuration.** compare-window-configurations is a new function that compares twowindow configurations loosely. It ignores differences in saved bufferpositions and scrolling, and considers only the structure and sizes ofwindows and the choice of buffers to display.** The variable minor-mode-overriding-map-alist allows major modes tooverride the key bindings of a minor mode. The elements of this alistlook like the elements of minor-mode-map-alist: (VARIABLE . KEYMAP).If the VARIABLE in an element of minor-mode-overriding-map-alist has anon-nil value, the paired KEYMAP is active, and totally overrides themap (if any) specified for the same variable in minor-mode-map-alist.minor-mode-overriding-map-alist is automatically local in all buffers,and it is meant to be set by major modes.** The function match-string-no-properties is like match-stringexcept that it discards all text properties from the result.** The function load-average now accepts an optional argumentUSE-FLOATS. If it is non-nil, the load average values are returned asfloating point numbers, rather than as integers to be divided by 100.** The new variable temporary-file-directory specifies the directoryto use for creating temporary files. The default value is determinedin a reasonable way for your operating system; on GNU and Unix systemsit is based on the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables.** Menu changes*** easymenu.el now uses the new menu item format and supports thekeywords :visible and :filter. The existing keyword :keys is nowbetter supported.The variable `easy-menu-precalculate-equivalent-keybindings' controlsa new feature which calculates keyboard equivalents for the menu whenyou define the menu. The default is t. If you rarely use menus, youcan set the variable to nil to disable this precalculation feature;then the calculation is done only if you use the menu bar.*** A new format for menu items is supported.In a keymap, a key binding that has the format (STRING . REAL-BINDING) or (STRING HELP-STRING . REAL-BINDING)defines a menu item. Now a menu item definition may also be a list thatstarts with the symbol `menu-item'.The format is: (menu-item ITEM-NAME) or (menu-item ITEM-NAME REAL-BINDING . ITEM-PROPERTY-LIST)where ITEM-NAME is an expression which evaluates to the menu itemstring, and ITEM-PROPERTY-LIST has the form of a property list.The supported properties include:enable FORM Evaluate FORM to determine whether the item is enabled.:visible FORM Evaluate FORM to determine whether the item should appear in the menu.:filter FILTER-FN FILTER-FN is a function of one argument, which will be REAL-BINDING. It should return a binding to use instead.:keys DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION is a string that describes an equivalent keyboard binding for REAL-BINDING. DESCRIPTION is expanded with `substitute-command-keys' before it is used.:key-sequence KEY-SEQUENCE KEY-SEQUENCE is a key-sequence for an equivalent keyboard binding.:key-sequence nil This means that the command normally has no keyboard equivalent.:help HELP HELP is the extra help string (not currently used).:button (TYPE . SELECTED) TYPE is :toggle or :radio. SELECTED is a form, to be evaluated, and its value says whether this button is currently selected.Buttons are at the moment only simulated by prefixes in the menu.Eventually ordinary X-buttons may be supported.(menu-item ITEM-NAME) defines unselectable item.** New event types*** The new event type `mouse-wheel' is generated by a wheel on amouse (such as the MS Intellimouse). The event contains a delta thatcorresponds to the amount and direction that the wheel is rotated,which is typically used to implement a scroll or zoom. The format is: (mouse-wheel POSITION DELTA)where POSITION is a list describing the position of the event in thesame format as a mouse-click event, and DELTA is a signed numberindicating the number of increments by which the wheel was rotated. Anegative DELTA indicates that the wheel was rotated backwards, towardsthe user, and a positive DELTA indicates that the wheel was rotatedforward, away from the user.As of now, this event type is generated only on MS Windows.*** The new event type `drag-n-drop' is generated when a group offiles is selected in an application outside of Emacs, and then draggedand dropped onto an Emacs frame. The event contains a list offilenames that were dragged and dropped, which are then typicallyloaded into Emacs. The format is: (drag-n-drop POSITION FILES)where POSITION is a list describing the position of the event in thesame format as a mouse-click event, and FILES is the list of filenamesthat were dragged and dropped.As of now, this event type is generated only on MS Windows.** Changes relating to multibyte characters.*** The variable enable-multibyte-characters is now read-only;any attempt to set it directly signals an error. The only wayto change this value in an existing buffer is with set-buffer-multibyte.*** In a string constant, `\ ' now stands for "nothing at all". Youcan use it to terminate a hex escape which is followed by a characterthat could otherwise be read as part of the hex escape.*** String indices are now measured in characters, as they werein Emacs 19 and before.The function chars-in-string has been deleted.The function concat-chars has been renamed to `string'.*** The function set-buffer-multibyte sets the flag in the currentbuffer that says whether the buffer uses multibyte representation orunibyte representation. If the argument is nil, it selects unibyterepresentation. Otherwise it selects multibyte representation.This function does not change the contents of the buffer, viewedas a sequence of bytes. However, it does change the contentsviewed as characters; a sequence of two bytes which is treated asone character when the buffer uses multibyte representationwill count as two characters using unibyte representation.This function sets enable-multibyte-characters to record whichrepresentation is in use. It also adjusts various data in the buffer(including its markers, overlays and text properties) so that they areconsistent with the new representation.*** string-make-multibyte takes a string and converts it to multibyterepresentation. Most of the time, you don't need to careabout the representation, because Emacs converts when necessary;however, it makes a difference when you compare strings.The conversion of non-ASCII characters works by adding the value ofnonascii-insert-offset to each character, or by translating themusing the table nonascii-translation-table.*** string-make-unibyte takes a string and converts it to unibyterepresentation. Most of the time, you don't need to care about therepresentation, but it makes a difference when you compare strings.The conversion from multibyte to unibyte representationloses information; the only time Emacs performs it automaticallyis when inserting a multibyte string into a unibyte buffer.*** string-as-multibyte takes a string, and returns another stringwhich contains the same bytes, but treats them as multibyte.*** string-as-unibyte takes a string, and returns another stringwhich contains the same bytes, but treats them as unibyte.*** The new function compare-strings lets you compareportions of two strings. Unibyte strings are converted to multibyte,so that a unibyte string can match a multibyte string.You can specify whether to ignore case or not.*** assoc-ignore-case now uses compare-strings so thatit can treat unibyte and multibyte strings as equal.*** Regular expression operations and buffer string searches nowconvert the search pattern to multibyte or unibyte to accord with thebuffer or string being searched.One consequence is that you cannot always use \200-\377 inside of[...] to match all non-ASCII characters. This does still work whensearching or matching a unibyte buffer or string, but not whensearching or matching a multibyte string. Unfortunately, there is noobvious choice of syntax to use within [...] for that job. But, whatyou want is just to match all non-ASCII characters, the regularexpression [^\0-\177] works for it.*** Structure of coding system changed.All coding systems (including aliases and subsidiaries) are namedby symbols; the symbol's `coding-system' property is a vectorwhich defines the coding system. Aliases share the same vectoras the principal name, so that altering the contents of thisvector affects the principal name and its aliases. You can defineyour own alias name of a coding system by the functiondefine-coding-system-alias.The coding system definition includes a property list of its own. Usethe new functions `coding-system-get' and `coding-system-put' toaccess such coding system properties as post-read-conversion,pre-write-conversion, character-translation-table-for-decode,character-translation-table-for-encode, mime-charset, andsafe-charsets. For instance, (coding-system-get 'iso-latin-1'mime-charset) gives the corresponding MIME-charset parameter`iso-8859-1'.Among the coding system properties listed above, safe-charsets is new.The value of this property is a list of character sets which thiscoding system can correctly encode and decode. For instance:(coding-system-get 'iso-latin-1 'safe-charsets) => (ascii latin-iso8859-1)Here, "correctly encode" means that the encoded character sets canalso be handled safely by systems other than Emacs as far as theyare capable of that coding system. Though, Emacs itself can encodethe other character sets and read it back correctly.*** The new function select-safe-coding-system can be used to find aproper coding system for encoding the specified region or string.This function requires a user interaction.*** The new functions find-coding-systems-region andfind-coding-systems-string are helper functions used byselect-safe-coding-system. They return a list of all proper codingsystems to encode a text in some region or string. If you don't wanta user interaction, use one of these functions instead ofselect-safe-coding-system.*** The explicit encoding and decoding functions, such asdecode-coding-region and encode-coding-string, now setlast-coding-system-used to reflect the actual way encoding or decodingwas done.*** The new function detect-coding-with-language-environment can beused to detect a coding system of text according to priorities ofcoding systems used by some specific language environment.*** The functions detect-coding-region and detect-coding-string alwaysreturn a list if the arg HIGHEST is nil. Thus, if only ASCIIcharacters are found, they now return a list of single element`undecided' or its subsidiaries.*** The new functions coding-system-change-eol-conversion andcoding-system-change-text-conversion can be used to get a differentcoding system than what specified only in how end-of-line or text isconverted.*** The new function set-selection-coding-system can be used to set acoding system for communicating with other X clients.*** The function `map-char-table' now passes as argument only validcharacter codes, plus generic characters that stand for entirecharacter sets or entire subrows of a character set. In other words,each time `map-char-table' calls its FUNCTION argument, the key valueeither will be a valid individual character code, or will stand for arange of characters.*** The new function `char-valid-p' can be used for checking whether aLisp object is a valid character code or not.*** The new function `charset-after' returns a charset of a characterin the current buffer at position POS.*** Input methods are now implemented using the variableinput-method-function. If this is non-nil, its value should be afunction; then, whenever Emacs reads an input event that is a printingcharacter with no modifier bits, it calls that function, passing theevent as an argument. Often this function will read more input, firstbinding input-method-function to nil.The return value should be a list of the events resulting from inputmethod processing. These events will be processed sequentially asinput, before resorting to unread-command-events. Events returned bythe input method function are not passed to the input method function,not even if they are printing characters with no modifier bits.The input method function is not called when reading the second andsubsequent events of a key sequence.*** You can customize any language environment by usingset-language-environment-hook and exit-language-environment-hook.The hook `exit-language-environment-hook' should be used to undocustomizations that you made with set-language-environment-hook. Forinstance, if you set up a special key binding for a specific languageenvironment by set-language-environment-hook, you should set upexit-language-environment-hook to restore the normal key binding.* Changes in Emacs 20.1** Emacs has a new facility for customization of its many useroptions. It is called M-x customize. With this facility you can lookat the many user options in an organized way; they are grouped into atree structure.M-x customize also knows what sorts of values are legitimate for eachuser option and ensures that you don't use invalid values.With M-x customize, you can set options either for the present Emacssession or permanently. (Permanent settings are stored automaticallyin your .emacs file.)** Scroll bars are now on the left side of the window.You can change this with M-x customize-option scroll-bar-mode.** The mode line no longer includes the string `Emacs'.This makes more space in the mode line for other information.** When you select a region with the mouse, it is highlightedimmediately afterward. At that time, if you type the DELETE key, itkills the region.The BACKSPACE key, and the ASCII character DEL, do not do this; theydelete the character before point, as usual.** In an incremental search the whole current match is highlightedon terminals which support this. (You can disable this featureby setting search-highlight to nil.)** In the minibuffer, in some cases, you can now use M-n toinsert the default value into the minibuffer as text. In effect,the default value (if the minibuffer routines know it) is tackedonto the history "in the future". (The more normal use of thehistory list is to use M-p to insert minibuffer input used in thepast.)** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs.This makes it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill modein Text mode, and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode).TAB in Text mode now runs the command indent-relative; thismakes a practical difference only when you use indented paragraphs.As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode,and is an alias for it.If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph,use the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode.** Scrolling changes*** Scroll commands to scroll a whole screen now preserve the screenposition of the cursor, if scroll-preserve-screen-position is non-nil.In this mode, if you scroll several screens back and forth, finishingon the same screen where you started, the cursor goes back to the linewhere it started.*** If you set scroll-conservatively to a small number, then when youmove point a short distance off the screen, Emacs will scroll thescreen just far enough to bring point back on screen, provided thatdoes not exceed `scroll-conservatively' lines.*** The new variable scroll-margin says how close point can come to thetop or bottom of a window. It is a number of screen lines; if pointcomes within that many lines of the top or bottom of the window, Emacsrecenters the window.** International character set support (MULE)Emacs now supports a wide variety of international character sets,including European variants of the Latin alphabet, as well as Chinese,Devanagari (Hindi and Marathi), Ethiopian, Greek, IPA, Japanese,Korean, Lao, Russian, Thai, Tibetan, and Vietnamese scripts. Thesefeatures have been merged from the modified version of Emacs known asMULE (for "MULti-lingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs")Users of these scripts have established many more-or-less standardcoding systems for storing files. Emacs uses a single multibytecharacter encoding within Emacs buffers; it can translate from a widevariety of coding systems when reading a file and can translate backinto any of these coding systems when saving a file.Keyboards, even in the countries where these character sets are used,generally don't have keys for all the characters in them. So Emacssupports various "input methods", typically one for each script orlanguage, to make it possible to type them.The Emacs internal multibyte encoding represents a non-ASCIIcharacter as a sequence of bytes in the range 0200 through 0377.The new prefix key C-x RET is used for commands that pertainto multibyte characters, coding systems, and input methods.You can disable multibyte character support as follows: (setq-default enable-multibyte-characters nil)Calling the function standard-display-european turns off multibytecharacters, unless you specify a non-nil value for the secondargument, AUTO. This provides compatibility for people who arealready using standard-display-european to continue using unibytecharacters for their work until they want to change.*** Input methodsAn input method is a kind of character conversion which is designedspecifically for interactive input. In Emacs, typically each languagehas its own input method (though sometimes several languages which usethe same characters can share one input method). Some languagessupport several input methods.The simplest kind of input method works by mapping ASCII letters intoanother alphabet. This is how the Greek and Russian input methodswork.A more powerful technique is composition: converting sequences ofcharacters into one letter. Many European input methods usecomposition to produce a single non-ASCII letter from a sequence whichconsists of a letter followed by diacritics. For example, a' is onesequence of two characters that might be converted into a singleletter.The input methods for syllabic scripts typically use mapping followedby conversion. The input methods for Thai and Korean work this way.First, letters are mapped into symbols for particular sounds or tonemarks; then, sequences of these which make up a whole syllable aremapped into one syllable sign--most often a "composite character".None of these methods works very well for Chinese and Japanese, sothey are handled specially. First you input a whole word usingphonetic spelling; then, after the word is in the buffer, Emacsconverts it into one or more characters using a large dictionary.Since there is more than one way to represent a phonetically spelledword using Chinese characters, Emacs can only guess which one to use;typically these input methods give you a way to say "guess again" ifthe first guess is wrong.*** The command C-x RET m (toggle-enable-multibyte-characters)turns multibyte character support on or off for the current buffer.If multibyte character support is turned off in a buffer, then eachbyte is a single character, even codes 0200 through 0377--exactly asthey did in Emacs 19.34. This includes the features for support forthe European characters, ISO Latin-1 and ISO Latin-2.However, there is no need to turn off multibyte character support touse ISO Latin-1 or ISO Latin-2; the Emacs multibyte character setincludes all the characters in these character sets, and Emacs cantranslate automatically to and from either one.*** Visiting a file in unibyte mode.Turning off multibyte character support in the buffer after visiting afile with multibyte code conversion will display the multibytesequences already in the buffer, byte by byte. This is probably notwhat you want.If you want to edit a file of unibyte characters (Latin-1, forexample), you can do it by specifying `no-conversion' as the codingsystem when reading the file. This coding system also turns offmultibyte characters in that buffer.If you turn off multibyte character support entirely, this turns offcharacter conversion as well.*** Displaying international characters on X Windows.A font for X typically displays just one alphabet or script.Therefore, displaying the entire range of characters Emacs supportsrequires using many fonts.Therefore, Emacs now supports "fontsets". Each fontset is acollection of fonts, each assigned to a range of character codes.A fontset has a name, like a font. Individual fonts are defined bythe X server; fontsets are defined within Emacs itself. But once youhave defined a fontset, you can use it in a face or a frame just asyou would use a font.If a fontset specifies no font for a certain character, or if itspecifies a font that does not exist on your system, then it cannotdisplay that character. It will display an empty box instead.The fontset height and width are determined by the ASCII characters(that is, by the font in the fontset which is used for ASCIIcharacters).*** Defining fontsets.Emacs does not use any fontset by default. Its default font is stillchosen as in previous versions. You can tell Emacs to use a fontsetwith the `-fn' option or the `Font' X resource.Emacs creates a standard fontset automatically according to the valueof standard-fontset-spec. This fontset's short name is`fontset-standard'. Bold, italic, and bold-italic variants of thestandard fontset are created automatically.If you specify a default ASCII font with the `Font' resource or `-fn'argument, a fontset is generated from it. This works by replacing theFOUNDARY, FAMILY, ADD_STYLE, and AVERAGE_WIDTH fields of the font namewith `*' then using this to specify a fontset. This fontset's shortname is `fontset-startup'.Emacs checks resources of the form Fontset-N where N is 0, 1, 2...The resource value should have this form: FONTSET-NAME, [CHARSET-NAME:FONT-NAME]...FONTSET-NAME should have the form of a standard X font name, except: * most fields should be just the wild card "*". * the CHARSET_REGISTRY field should be "fontset" * the CHARSET_ENCODING field can be any nickname of the fontset.The construct CHARSET-NAME:FONT-NAME can be repeated any numberof times; each time specifies the font for one character set.CHARSET-NAME should be the name of a character set, and FONT-NAMEshould specify an actual font to use for that character set.Each of these fontsets has an alias which is made from thelast two font name fields, CHARSET_REGISTRY and CHARSET_ENCODING.You can refer to the fontset by that alias or by its full name.For any character sets that you don't mention, Emacs tries to choose afont by substituting into FONTSET-NAME. For instance, with thefollowing resource, Emacs*Fontset-0: -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24the font for ASCII is generated as below: -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-ISO8859-1Here is the substitution rule: Change CHARSET_REGISTRY and CHARSET_ENCODING to that of the charset defined in the variable x-charset-registries. For instance, ASCII has the entry (ascii . "ISO8859-1") in this variable. Then, reduce sequences of wild cards -*-...-*- with a single wildcard -*-. (This is to prevent use of auto-scaled fonts.)The function which processes the fontset resource value to create thefontset is called create-fontset-from-fontset-spec. You can also callthat function explicitly to create a fontset.With the X resource Emacs.Font, you can specify a fontset name justlike an actual font name. But be careful not to specify a fontsetname in a wildcard resource like Emacs*Font--that tries to specify thefontset for other purposes including menus, and they cannot handlefontsets.*** The command M-x set-language-environment sets certain global Emacsdefaults for a particular choice of language.Selecting a language environment typically specifies a default inputmethod and which coding systems to recognize automatically whenvisiting files. However, it does not try to reread files you havealready visited; the text in those buffers is not affected. Thelanguage environment may also specify a default choice of codingsystem for new files that you create.It makes no difference which buffer is current when you useset-language-environment, because these defaults apply globally to thewhole Emacs session.For example, M-x set-language-environment RET Latin-1 RETchooses the Latin-1 character set. In the .emacs file, you can do thiswith (set-language-environment "Latin-1").*** The command C-x RET f (set-buffer-file-coding-system)specifies the file coding system for the current buffer. Thisspecifies what sort of character code translation to do when savingthe file. As an argument, you must specify the name of one of thecoding systems that Emacs supports.*** The command C-x RET c (universal-coding-system-argument)lets you specify a coding system when you read or write a file.This command uses the minibuffer to read a coding system name.After you exit the minibuffer, the specified coding systemis used for *the immediately following command*.So if the immediately following command is a command to read orwrite a file, it uses the specified coding system for that file.If the immediately following command does not use the coding system,then C-x RET c ultimately has no effect.For example, C-x RET c iso-8859-1 RET C-x C-f temp RETvisits the file `temp' treating it as ISO Latin-1.*** You can specify the coding system for a file using the -*-construct. Include `coding: CODINGSYSTEM;' inside the -*-...-*-to specify use of coding system CODINGSYSTEM. You can alsospecify the coding system in a local variable list at the endof the file.*** The command C-x RET t (set-terminal-coding-system) specifiesthe coding system for terminal output. If you specify a charactercode for terminal output, all characters output to the terminal aretranslated into that character code.This feature is useful for certain character-only terminals built invarious countries to support the languages of those countries.By default, output to the terminal is not translated at all.*** The command C-x RET k (set-keyboard-coding-system) specifiesthe coding system for keyboard input.Character code translation of keyboard input is useful for terminalswith keys that send non-ASCII graphic characters--for example,some terminals designed for ISO Latin-1 or subsets of it.By default, keyboard input is not translated at all.Character code translation of keyboard input is similar to using aninput method, in that both define sequences of keyboard input thattranslate into single characters. However, input methods are designedto be convenient for interactive use, while the code translations aredesigned to work with terminals.*** The command C-x RET p (set-buffer-process-coding-system)specifies the coding system for input and output to a subprocess.This command applies to the current buffer; normally, each subprocesshas its own buffer, and thus you can use this command to specifytranslation to and from a particular subprocess by giving the commandin the corresponding buffer.By default, process input and output are not translated at all.*** The variable file-name-coding-system specifies the coding systemto use for encoding file names before operating on them.It is also used for decoding file names obtained from the system.*** The command C-\ (toggle-input-method) activates or deactivatesan input method. If no input method has been selected before, thecommand prompts for you to specify the language and input method youwant to use.C-u C-\ (select-input-method) lets you switch to a different inputmethod. C-h C-\ (or C-h I) describes the current input method.*** Some input methods remap the keyboard to emulate various keyboardlayouts commonly used for particular scripts. How to do thisremapping properly depends on your actual keyboard layout. To specifywhich layout your keyboard has, use M-x quail-set-keyboard-layout.*** The command C-h C (describe-coding-system) displaysthe coding systems currently selected for various purposes, plusrelated information.*** The command C-h h (view-hello-file) displays a file calledHELLO, which has examples of text in many languages, using variousscripts.*** The command C-h L (describe-language-support) displaysinformation about the support for a particular language.You specify the language as an argument.*** The mode line now contains a letter or character that identifiesthe coding system used in the visited file. It normally follows thefirst dash.A dash indicates the default state of affairs: no code conversion(except CRLF => newline if appropriate). `=' means no conversionwhatsoever. The ISO 8859 coding systems are represented by digits1 through 9. Other coding systems are represented by letters: A alternativnyj (Russian) B big5 (Chinese) C cn-gb-2312 (Chinese) C iso-2022-cn (Chinese) D in-is13194-devanagari (Indian languages) E euc-japan (Japanese) I iso-2022-cjk or iso-2022-ss2 (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) J junet (iso-2022-7) or old-jis (iso-2022-jp-1978-irv) (Japanese) K euc-korea (Korean) R koi8 (Russian) Q tibetan S shift_jis (Japanese) T lao T tis620 (Thai) V viscii or vscii (Vietnamese) i iso-2022-lock (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) k iso-2022-kr (Korean) v viqr (Vietnamese) z hz (Chinese)When you are using a character-only terminal (not a window system),two additional characters appear in between the dash and the filecoding system. These two characters describe the coding system forkeyboard input, and the coding system for terminal output.*** The new variable rmail-file-coding-system specifies the codeconversion to use for RMAIL files. The default value is nil.When you read mail with Rmail, each message is decoded automaticallyinto Emacs' internal format. This has nothing to do withrmail-file-coding-system. That variable controls reading and writingRmail files themselves.*** The new variable sendmail-coding-system specifies the codeconversion for outgoing mail. The default value is nil.Actually, there are three different ways of specifying the coding systemfor sending mail:- If you use C-x RET f in the mail buffer, that takes priority.- Otherwise, if you set sendmail-coding-system non-nil, that specifies it.- Otherwise, the default coding system for new files is used, if that is non-nil. That comes from your language environment.- Otherwise, Latin-1 is used.*** The command C-h t (help-with-tutorial) accepts a prefix argumentto specify the language for the tutorial file. Currently, English,Japanese, Korean and Thai are supported. We welcome additionaltranslations.** An easy new way to visit a file with no code or format conversionof any kind: Use M-x find-file-literally. There is also a commandinsert-file-literally which inserts a file into the current bufferwithout any conversion.** C-q's handling of octal character codes is changed.You can now specify any number of octal digits.RET terminates the digits and is discarded;any other non-digit terminates the digits and is then used as input.** There are new commands for looking up Info documentation forfunctions, variables and file names used in your programs.Type M-x info-lookup-symbol to look up a symbol in the buffer at point.Type M-x info-lookup-file to look up a file in the buffer at point.Precisely which Info files are used to look it up depends on the majormode. For example, in C mode, the GNU libc manual is used.** M-TAB in most programming language modes now runs the commandcomplete-symbol. This command performs completion on the symbol namein the buffer before point.With a numeric argument, it performs completion based on the set ofsymbols documented in the Info files for the programming language thatyou are using.With no argument, it does completion based on the current tags tables,just like the old binding of M-TAB (complete-tag).** File locking works with NFS now.The lock file for FILENAME is now a symbolic link named .#FILENAME,in the same directory as FILENAME.This means that collision detection between two different machines nowworks reasonably well; it also means that no file server or directorycan become a bottleneck.The new method does have drawbacks. It means that collision detectiondoes not operate when you edit a file in a directory where you cannotcreate new files. Collision detection also doesn't operate when thefile server does not support symbolic links. But these conditions arerare, and the ability to have collision detection while using NFS isso useful that the change is worth while.When Emacs or a system crashes, this may leave behind lock files whichare stale. So you may occasionally get warnings about spuriouscollisions. When you determine that the collision is spurious, justtell Emacs to go ahead anyway.** If you wish to use Show Paren mode to display matching parentheses,it is no longer sufficient to load paren.el. Instead you must callshow-paren-mode.** If you wish to use Delete Selection mode to replace a highlightedselection when you insert new text, it is no longer sufficient to loaddelsel.el. Instead you must call the function delete-selection-mode.** If you wish to use Partial Completion mode to complete partial wordswithin symbols or filenames, it is no longer sufficient to loadcomplete.el. Instead you must call the function partial-completion-mode.** If you wish to use uniquify to rename buffers for you,it is no longer sufficient to load uniquify.el. You must alsoset uniquify-buffer-name-style to one of the non-nil legitimate values.** Changes in View mode.*** Several new commands are available in View mode.Do H in view mode for a list of commands.*** There are two new commands for entering View mode:view-file-other-frame and view-buffer-other-frame.*** Exiting View mode does a better job of restoring windows to theirprevious state.*** New customization variable view-scroll-auto-exit. If non-nil,scrolling past end of buffer makes view mode exit.*** New customization variable view-exits-all-viewing-windows. Ifnon-nil, view-mode will at exit restore all windows viewing buffer,not just the selected window.*** New customization variable view-read-only. If non-nil, visiting aread-only file automatically enters View mode, and toggle-read-onlyturns View mode on or off.*** New customization variable view-remove-frame-by-deleting controlshow to remove a not needed frame at view mode exit. If non-nil,delete the frame, if nil make an icon of it.** C-x v l, the command to print a file's version control log,now positions point at the entry for the file's current branch version.** C-x v =, the command to compare a file with the last checked-in version,has a new feature. If the file is currently not locked, so that it ispresumably identical to the last checked-in version, the command now askswhich version to compare with.** When using hideshow.el, incremental search can temporarily show hiddenblocks if a match is inside the block.The block is hidden again if the search is continued and the next matchis outside the block. By customizing the variableisearch-hide-immediately you can choose to hide all the temporarilyshown blocks only when exiting from incremental search.By customizing the variable hs-isearch-open you can choose what kindof blocks to temporarily show during isearch: comment blocks, codeblocks, all of them or none.** The new command C-x 4 0 (kill-buffer-and-window) kills thecurrent buffer and deletes the selected window. It asks forconfirmation first.** C-x C-w, which saves the buffer into a specified file name,now changes the major mode according to that file name.However, the mode will not be changed if(1) a local variables list or the `-*-' line specifies a major mode, or(2) the current major mode is a "special" mode, not suitable for ordinary files, or(3) the new file name does not particularly specify any mode.This applies to M-x set-visited-file-name as well.However, if you set change-major-mode-with-file-name to nil, thenthese commands do not change the major mode.** M-x occur changes.*** If the argument to M-x occur contains upper case letters,it performs a case-sensitive search.*** In the *Occur* buffer made by M-x occur,if you type g or M-x revert-buffer, this repeats the searchusing the same regular expression and the same buffer as before.** In Transient Mark mode, the region in any one buffer is highlightedin just one window at a time. At first, it is highlighted in thewindow where you set the mark. The buffer's highlighting remains inthat window unless you select to another window which shows the samebuffer--then the highlighting moves to that window.** The feature to suggest key bindings when you use M-x now operatesafter the command finishes. The message suggesting key bindingsappears temporarily in the echo area. The previous echo area contentscome back after a few seconds, in case they contain useful information.** Each frame now independently records the order for recentlyselected buffers, so that the default for C-x b is now based on thebuffers recently selected in the selected frame.** Outline mode changes.*** Outline mode now uses overlays (this is the former noutline.el).*** Incremental searches skip over invisible text in Outline mode.** When a minibuffer window is active but not the selected window, ifyou try to use the minibuffer, you used to get a nested minibuffer.Now, this not only gives an error, it also cancels the minibuffer thatwas already active.The motive for this change is so that beginning users do notunknowingly move away from minibuffers, leaving them active, and thenget confused by it.If you want to be able to have recursive minibuffers, you mustset enable-recursive-minibuffers to non-nil.** Changes in dynamic abbrevs.*** Expanding dynamic abbrevs with M-/ is now smarter about caseconversion. If the expansion has mixed case not counting the firstcharacter, and the abbreviation matches the beginning of the expansionincluding case, then the expansion is copied verbatim.The expansion is also copied verbatim if the abbreviation itself hasmixed case. And using SPC M-/ to copy an additional word alwayscopies it verbatim except when the previous copied word is all caps.*** The values of `dabbrev-case-replace' and `dabbrev-case-fold-search'are no longer Lisp expressions. They have simply three possiblevalues.`dabbrev-case-replace' has these three values: nil (don't preservecase), t (do), or `case-replace' (do like M-x query-replace).`dabbrev-case-fold-search' has these three values: nil (don't ignorecase), t (do), or `case-fold-search' (do like search).** Minibuffer history lists are truncated automatically now to acertain length. The variable history-length specifies how long theycan be. The default value is 30.** Changes in Mail mode.*** The key C-x m no longer runs the `mail' command directly.Instead, it runs the command `compose-mail', which invokes the mailcomposition mechanism you have selected with the variable`mail-user-agent'. The default choice of user agent is`sendmail-user-agent', which gives behavior compatible with the oldbehavior.C-x 4 m now runs compose-mail-other-window, and C-x 5 m runscompose-mail-other-frame.*** While composing a reply to a mail message, from Rmail, you can usethe command C-c C-r to cite just the region from the message you arereplying to. This copies the text which is the selected region in thebuffer that shows the original message.*** The command C-c C-i inserts a file at the end of the message,with separator lines around the contents.*** The command M-x expand-mail-aliases expands all mail aliasesin suitable mail headers. Emacs automatically extracts mail aliasdefinitions from your mail alias file (e.g., ~/.mailrc). You do notneed to expand mail aliases yourself before sending mail.*** New features in the mail-complete command.**** The mail-complete command now inserts the user's full name,for local users or if that is known. The variable mail-complete-stylecontrols the style to use, and whether to do this at all.Its values are like those of mail-from-style.**** The variable mail-passwd-command lets you specify a shell commandto run to fetch a set of password-entries that add to the ones in/etc/passwd.**** The variable mail-passwd-file now specifies a list of files to readto get the list of user ids. By default, one file is used:/etc/passwd.** You can "quote" a file name to inhibit special significance ofspecial syntax, by adding `/:' to the beginning. Thus, if you have adirectory named `/foo:', you can prevent it from being treated as areference to a remote host named `foo' by writing it as `/:/foo:'.Emacs uses this new construct automatically when necessary, such aswhen you start it with a working directory whose name might otherwisebe taken to be magic.** There is a new command M-x grep-find which uses find to selectfiles to search through, and grep to scan them. The output isavailable in a Compile mode buffer, as with M-x grep.M-x grep now uses the -e option if the grep program supports that.(-e prevents problems if the search pattern starts with a dash.)** In Dired, the & command now flags for deletion the files whose namessuggest they are probably not needed in the long run.In Dired, * is now a prefix key for mark-related commands.new key dired.el binding old key------- ---------------- ------- * c dired-change-marks c * m dired-mark m * * dired-mark-executables * (binding deleted) * / dired-mark-directories / (binding deleted) * @ dired-mark-symlinks @ (binding deleted) * u dired-unmark u * DEL dired-unmark-backward DEL * ? dired-unmark-all-files C-M-? * ! dired-unmark-all-marks * % dired-mark-files-regexp % m * C-n dired-next-marked-file M-} * C-p dired-prev-marked-file M-{** Rmail changes.*** When Rmail cannot convert your incoming mail into Babyl format, itsaves the new mail in the file RMAILOSE.n, where n is an integerchosen to make a unique name. This way, Rmail will not keep crashingeach time you run it.*** In Rmail, the variable rmail-summary-line-count-flag now controlswhether to include the line count in the summary. Non-nil means yes.*** In Rmail summary buffers, d and C-d (the commands to deletemessages) now take repeat counts as arguments. A negative argumentmeans to move in the opposite direction.*** In Rmail, the t command now takes an optional argument which letsyou specify whether to show the message headers in full or pruned.*** In Rmail, the new command w (rmail-output-body-to-file) writesjust the body of the current message into a file, without the headers.It takes the file name from the message subject, by default, but youcan edit that file name in the minibuffer before it is actually usedfor output.** Gnus changes.*** nntp.el has been totally rewritten in an asynchronous fashion.*** Article prefetching functionality has been moved up intoGnus.*** Scoring can now be performed with logical operators like`and', `or', `not', and parent redirection.*** Article washing status can be displayed in thearticle mode line.*** gnus.el has been split into many smaller files.*** Suppression of duplicate articles based on Message-ID.(setq gnus-suppress-duplicates t)*** New variables for specifying what score and adapt filesare to be considered home score and adapt files. See`gnus-home-score-file' and `gnus-home-adapt-files'.*** Groups can inherit group parameters from parent topics.*** Article editing has been revamped and is now usable.*** Signatures can be recognized in more intelligent fashions.See `gnus-signature-separator' and `gnus-signature-limit'.*** Summary pick mode has been made to look more nn-like.Line numbers are displayed and the `.' command can beused to pick articles.*** Commands for moving the .newsrc.eld from one server toanother have been added. `M-x gnus-change-server'*** A way to specify that "uninteresting" fields be suppressed whengenerating lines in buffers.*** Several commands in the group buffer can be undone with`C-M-_'.*** Scoring can be done on words using the new score type `w'.*** Adaptive scoring can be done on a Subject word-by-word basis: (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring '(word))*** Scores can be decayed. (setq gnus-decay-scores t)*** Scoring can be performed using a regexp on the Date header. TheDate is normalized to compact ISO 8601 format first.*** A new command has been added to remove all data on articles fromthe native server. `M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups'*** A new command for reading collections of documents(nndoc with nnvirtual on top) has been added -- `C-M-d'.*** Process mark sets can be pushed and popped.*** A new mail-to-news backend makes it possible to posteven when the NNTP server doesn't allow posting.*** A new backend for reading searches from Web search engines(DejaNews, Alta Vista, InReference) has been added. Use the `G w' command in the group buffer to create such a group.*** Groups inside topics can now be sorted using the standardsorting functions, and each topic can be sorted independently. See the commands under the `T S' submap.*** Subsets of the groups can be sorted independently. See the commands under the `G P' submap.*** Cached articles can be pulled into the groups. Use the `Y c' command.*** Score files are now applied in a more reliable order.*** Reports on where mail messages end up can be generated. `M-x nnmail-split-history'*** More hooks and functions have been added to remove junkfrom incoming mail before saving the mail. See `nnmail-prepare-incoming-header-hook'.*** The nnml mail backend now understands compressed article files.*** To enable Gnus to read/post multi-lingual articles, you must executethe following code, for instance, in your .emacs. (add-hook 'gnus-startup-hook 'gnus-mule-initialize)Then, when you start Gnus, it will decode non-ASCII text automaticallyand show appropriate characters. (Note: if you are using gnus-mimefrom the SEMI package, formerly known as TM, you should NOT add thishook to gnus-startup-hook; gnus-mime has its own method of handlingthis issue.)Since it is impossible to distinguish all coding systemsautomatically, you may need to specify a choice of coding system for aparticular news group. This can be done by: (gnus-mule-add-group NEWSGROUP 'CODING-SYSTEM)Here NEWSGROUP should be a string which names a newsgroup or a treeof newsgroups. If NEWSGROUP is "XXX.YYY", all news groups under"XXX.YYY" (including "XXX.YYY.ZZZ") will use the specified codingsystem. CODING-SYSTEM specifies which coding system to use (for bothfor reading and posting).CODING-SYSTEM can also be a cons cell of the form (READ-CODING-SYSTEM . POST-CODING-SYSTEM)Then READ-CODING-SYSTEM is used when you read messages from thenewsgroups, while POST-CODING-SYSTEM is used when you post messagesthere.Emacs knows the right coding systems for certain newsgroups bydefault. Here are some of these default settings: (gnus-mule-add-group "fj" 'iso-2022-7) (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.chinese.text" 'hz-gb-2312) (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.hk" 'hz-gb-2312) (gnus-mule-add-group "alt.chinese.text.big5" 'cn-big5) (gnus-mule-add-group "soc.culture.vietnamese" '(nil . viqr))When you reply by mail to an article, these settings are ignored;the mail is encoded according to sendmail-coding-system, as usual.** CC mode changes.*** If you edit primarily one style of C (or C++, Objective-C, Java)code, you may want to make the CC Mode style variables have globalvalues so that you can set them directly in your .emacs file. To dothis, set c-style-variables-are-local-p to nil in your .emacs file.Note that this only takes effect if you do it *before* cc-mode.el isloaded.If you typically edit more than one style of C (or C++, Objective-C,Java) code in a single Emacs session, you may want to make the CC Modestyle variables have buffer local values. By default, all buffersshare the same style variable settings; to make them buffer local, setc-style-variables-are-local-p to t in your .emacs file. Note that youmust do this *before* CC Mode is loaded.*** The new variable c-indentation-style holds the C style nameof the current buffer.*** The variable c-block-comments-indent-p has been deleted, becauseit is no longer necessary. C mode now handles all the supported stylesof block comments, with no need to say which one you will use.*** There is a new indentation style "python", which specifies the Cstyle that the Python developers like.*** There is a new c-cleanup-list option: brace-elseif-brace.This says to put ...} else if (...) {... on one line,just as brace-else-brace says to put ...} else {... on one line.** VC Changes [new]*** In vc-retrieve-snapshot (C-x v r), if you don't specify a snapshotname, it retrieves the *latest* versions of all files in the currentdirectory and its subdirectories (aside from files already locked).This feature is useful if your RCS directory is a link to a commonmaster directory, and you want to pick up changes made by otherdevelopers.You can do the same thing for an individual file by typing C-u C-x C-qRET in a buffer visiting that file.*** VC can now handle files under CVS that are being "watched" byother developers. Such files are made read-only by CVS. To get awritable copy, type C-x C-q in a buffer visiting such a file. VC thencalls "cvs edit", which notifies the other developers of it.*** vc-version-diff (C-u C-x v =) now suggests reasonable defaults forversion numbers, based on the current state of the file.** Calendar changes.*** A new function, list-holidays, allows you list holidays orsubclasses of holidays for ranges of years. Related menu items allowyou do this for the year of the selected date, or thefollowing/previous years.*** There is now support for the Baha'i calendar system. Use `pb' inthe *Calendar* buffer to display the current Baha'i date. The Baha'icalendar, or "Badi calendar" is a system of 19 months with 19 dayseach, and 4 intercalary days (5 during a Gregorian leap year). Thecalendar begins May 23, 1844, with each of the months named after asupposed attribute of God.** ps-print changesThere are some new user variables and subgroups for customizing the pagelayout.*** Headers & Footers (subgroup)Some printer systems print a header page and force the first page tobe printed on the back of the header page when using duplex. If yourprinter system has this behavior, set variable`ps-banner-page-when-duplexing' to t.If variable `ps-banner-page-when-duplexing' is non-nil, it prints ablank page as the very first printed page. So, it behaves as if thevery first character of buffer (or region) were a form feed ^L (\014).The variable `ps-spool-config' specifies who is responsible forsetting duplex mode and page size. Valid values are: lpr-switches duplex and page size are configured by `ps-lpr-switches'. Don't forget to set `ps-lpr-switches' to select duplex printing for your printer. setpagedevice duplex and page size are configured by ps-print using the setpagedevice PostScript operator. nil duplex and page size are configured by ps-print *not* using the setpagedevice PostScript operator.The variable `ps-spool-tumble' specifies how the page images onopposite sides of a sheet are oriented with respect to each other. If`ps-spool-tumble' is nil, ps-print produces output suitable forbindings on the left or right. If `ps-spool-tumble' is non-nil,ps-print produces output suitable for bindings at the top or bottom.This variable takes effect only if `ps-spool-duplex' is non-nil.The default value is nil.The variable `ps-header-frame-alist' specifies a header frameproperties alist. Valid frame properties are: fore-color Specify the foreground frame color. Value should be a float number between 0.0 (black color) and 1.0 (white color), or a string which is a color name, or a list of 3 float numbers which correspond to the Red Green Blue color scale, each float number between 0.0 (dark color) and 1.0 (bright color). The default is 0 ("black"). back-color Specify the background frame color (similar to fore-color). The default is 0.9 ("gray90"). shadow-color Specify the shadow color (similar to fore-color). The default is 0 ("black"). border-color Specify the border color (similar to fore-color). The default is 0 ("black"). border-width Specify the border width. The default is 0.4.Any other property is ignored.Don't change this alist directly; instead use Custom, or the`ps-value', `ps-get', `ps-put' and `ps-del' functions (see there fordocumentation).Ps-print can also print footers. The footer variables are:`ps-print-footer', `ps-footer-offset', `ps-print-footer-frame',`ps-footer-font-family', `ps-footer-font-size', `ps-footer-line-pad',`ps-footer-lines', `ps-left-footer', `ps-right-footer' and`ps-footer-frame-alist'. These variables are similar to thosecontrolling headers.*** Color management (subgroup)If `ps-print-color-p' is non-nil, the buffer's text will be printed incolor.*** Face Management (subgroup)If you need to print without worrying about face background colors,set the variable `ps-use-face-background' which specifies if facebackground should be used. Valid values are: t always use face background color. nil never use face background color. (face...) list of faces whose background color will be used.*** N-up printing (subgroup)The variable `ps-n-up-printing' specifies the number of pages persheet of paper.The variable `ps-n-up-margin' specifies the margin in points (pt)between the sheet border and the n-up printing.If variable `ps-n-up-border-p' is non-nil, a border is drawn aroundeach page.The variable `ps-n-up-filling' specifies how the page matrix is filledon each sheet of paper. Following are the valid values for`ps-n-up-filling' with a filling example using a 3x4 page matrix: `left-top' 1 2 3 4 `left-bottom' 9 10 11 12 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 `right-top' 4 3 2 1 `right-bottom' 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 8 7 6 5 12 11 10 9 4 3 2 1 `top-left' 1 4 7 10 `bottom-left' 3 6 9 12 2 5 8 11 2 5 8 11 3 6 9 12 1 4 7 10 `top-right' 10 7 4 1 `bottom-right' 12 9 6 3 11 8 5 2 11 8 5 2 12 9 6 3 10 7 4 1Any other value is treated as `left-top'.*** Zebra stripes (subgroup)The variable `ps-zebra-color' controls the zebra stripes grayscale orRGB color.The variable `ps-zebra-stripe-follow' specifies how zebra stripescontinue on next page. Visually, valid values are (the character `+'to the right of each column indicates that a line is printed): `nil' `follow' `full' `full-follow' Current Page -------- ----------- --------- ---------------- 1 XXXXX + 1 XXXXXXXX + 1 XXXXXX + 1 XXXXXXXXXXXXX + 2 XXXXX + 2 XXXXXXXX + 2 XXXXXX + 2 XXXXXXXXXXXXX + 3 XXXXX + 3 XXXXXXXX + 3 XXXXXX + 3 XXXXXXXXXXXXX + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 7 XXXXX + 7 XXXXXXXX + 7 XXXXXX + 7 XXXXXXXXXXXXX + 8 XXXXX + 8 XXXXXXXX + 8 XXXXXX + 8 XXXXXXXXXXXXX + 9 XXXXX + 9 XXXXXXXX + 9 XXXXXX + 9 XXXXXXXXXXXXX + 10 + 10 + 11 + 11 + -------- ----------- --------- ---------------- Next Page -------- ----------- --------- ---------------- 12 XXXXX + 12 + 10 XXXXXX + 10 + 13 XXXXX + 13 XXXXXXXX + 11 XXXXXX + 11 + 14 XXXXX + 14 XXXXXXXX + 12 XXXXXX + 12 + 15 + 15 XXXXXXXX + 13 + 13 XXXXXXXXXXXXX + 16 + 16 + 14 + 14 XXXXXXXXXXXXX + 17 + 17 + 15 + 15 XXXXXXXXXXXXX + 18 XXXXX + 18 + 16 XXXXXX + 16 + 19 XXXXX + 19 XXXXXXXX + 17 XXXXXX + 17 + 20 XXXXX + 20 XXXXXXXX + 18 XXXXXX + 18 + 21 + 21 XXXXXXXX + 22 + 22 + -------- ----------- --------- ----------------Any other value is treated as `nil'.*** Printer management (subgroup)The variable `ps-printer-name-option' determines the option used bysome utilities to indicate the printer name; it's used only when`ps-printer-name' is a non-empty string. If you're using the lprutility to print, for example, `ps-printer-name-option' should be setto "-P".The variable `ps-manual-feed' indicates if the printer requires manualpaper feeding. If it's nil, automatic feeding takes place. If it'snon-nil, manual feeding takes place.The variable `ps-end-with-control-d' specifies whether C-d (\x04)should be inserted at end of the generated PostScript. Non-nil meansdo so.*** Page settings (subgroup)If variable `ps-warn-paper-type' is nil, it's *not* treated as anerror if the PostScript printer doesn't have a paper with the sizeindicated by `ps-paper-type'; the default paper size will be usedinstead. If `ps-warn-paper-type' is non-nil, an error is signaled ifthe PostScript printer doesn't support a paper with the size indicatedby `ps-paper-type'. This is used when `ps-spool-config' is set to`setpagedevice'.The variable `ps-print-upside-down' determines the orientation forprinting pages: nil means `normal' printing, non-nil means`upside-down' printing (that is, the page is rotated by 180 degrees).The variable `ps-selected-pages' specifies which pages to print. Ifit's nil, all pages are printed. If it's a list, list elements may beintegers specifying a single page to print, or cons cells (FROM . TO)specifying to print from page FROM to TO. Invalid list elements, thatis integers smaller than one, or elements whose FROM is greater thanits TO, are ignored.The variable `ps-even-or-odd-pages' specifies how to print even/oddpages. Valid values are: nil print all pages. `even-page' print only even pages. `odd-page' print only odd pages. `even-sheet' print only even sheets. That is, if `ps-n-up-printing' is 1, it behaves like `even-page', but for values greater than 1, it'll print only the even sheet of paper. `odd-sheet' print only odd sheets. That is, if `ps-n-up-printing' is 1, it behaves like `odd-page'; but for values greater than 1, it'll print only the odd sheet of paper.Any other value is treated as nil.If you set `ps-selected-pages' (see there for documentation), pagesare filtered by `ps-selected-pages', and then by`ps-even-or-odd-pages'. For example, if we have: (setq ps-selected-pages '(1 4 (6 . 10) (12 . 16) 20))and we combine this with `ps-even-or-odd-pages' and`ps-n-up-printing', we get:`ps-n-up-printing' = 1: `ps-even-or-odd-pages' PAGES PRINTED nil 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20 even-page 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20 odd-page 1, 7, 9, 13, 15 even-sheet 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20 odd-sheet 1, 7, 9, 13, 15`ps-n-up-printing' = 2: `ps-even-or-odd-pages' PAGES PRINTED nil 1/4, 6/7, 8/9, 10/12, 13/14, 15/16, 20 even-page 4/6, 8/10, 12/14, 16/20 odd-page 1/7, 9/13, 15 even-sheet 6/7, 10/12, 15/16 odd-sheet 1/4, 8/9, 13/14, 20*** Miscellany (subgroup)The variable `ps-error-handler-message' specifies where error handlermessages should be sent.It is also possible to add a user-defined PostScript prologue code infront of all generated prologue code by setting the variable`ps-user-defined-prologue'.The variable `ps-line-number-font' specifies the font for line numbers.The variable `ps-line-number-font-size' specifies the font size inpoints for line numbers.The variable `ps-line-number-color' specifies the color for linenumbers. See `ps-zebra-color' for documentation.The variable `ps-line-number-step' specifies the interval in whichline numbers are printed. For example, if `ps-line-number-step' is setto 2, the printing will look like: 1 one line one line 3 one line one line 5 one line one line ...Valid values are:integer an integer specifying the interval in which line numbers are printed. If it's smaller than or equal to zero, 1 is used.`zebra' specifies that only the line number of the first line in a zebra stripe is to be printed.Any other value is treated as `zebra'.The variable `ps-line-number-start' specifies the starting point inthe interval given by `ps-line-number-step'. For example, if`ps-line-number-step' is set to 3, and `ps-line-number-start' is set to3, the output will look like: one line one line 3 one line one line one line 6 one line one line one line 9 one line one line ...The variable `ps-postscript-code-directory' specifies the directorywhere the PostScript prologue file used by ps-print is found.The variable `ps-line-spacing' determines the line spacing in points,for ordinary text, when generating PostScript (similar to`ps-font-size').The variable `ps-paragraph-spacing' determines the paragraph spacing,in points, for ordinary text, when generating PostScript (similar to`ps-font-size').The variable `ps-paragraph-regexp' specifies the paragraph delimiter.The variable `ps-begin-cut-regexp' and `ps-end-cut-regexp' specify thestart and end of a region to cut out when printing.** hideshow changes.*** now supports hiding of blocks of single line comments (like // forC++, ; for lisp).*** Support for java-mode added.*** When doing `hs-hide-all' it is now possible to also hide the commentsin the file if `hs-hide-comments-when-hiding-all' is set.*** The new function `hs-hide-initial-comment' hides the comments atthe beginning of the files. Finally those huge RCS logs don't stay in yourway! This is run by default when entering the `hs-minor-mode'.*** Now uses overlays instead of `selective-display', so is morerobust and a lot faster.*** A block beginning can span multiple lines.*** The new variable `hs-show-hidden-short-form' if t, directs hideshowto show only the beginning of a block when it is hidden. See thedocumentation for more details.** Changes in Enriched mode.*** When you visit a file in enriched-mode, Emacs will make sure it isfilled to the current fill-column. This behavior is now independentof the size of the window. When you save the file, the fill-column inuse is stored as well, so that the whole buffer need not be refilledthe next time unless the fill-column is different.*** use-hard-newlines is now a minor mode. When it is enabled, Emacsdistinguishes between hard and soft newlines, and treats hard newlinesas paragraph boundaries. Otherwise all newlines inserted are markedas soft, and paragraph boundaries are determined solely from the text.** Font Lock mode*** Custom supportThe variables font-lock-face-attributes, font-lock-display-type andfont-lock-background-mode are now obsolete; the recommended way to specifythe faces to use for Font Lock mode is with M-x customize-group on the newcustom group font-lock-faces. If you set font-lock-face-attributes in your~/.emacs file, Font Lock mode will respect its value. However, you shouldconsider converting from setting that variable to using M-x customize.You can still use X resources to specify Font Lock face appearances.*** Maximum decorationFontification now uses the maximum level of decoration supported bydefault. Previously, fontification used a mode-specific default levelof decoration, which is typically the minimum level of decorationsupported. You can set font-lock-maximum-decoration to nilto get the old behavior.*** New supportSupport is now provided for Java, Objective-C, AWK and SIMULA modes.Note that Font Lock mode can be turned on without knowing exactly what modessupport Font Lock mode, via the command global-font-lock-mode.*** Configurable supportSupport for C, C++, Objective-C and Java can be more easily configured foradditional types and classes via the new variables c-font-lock-extra-types,c++-font-lock-extra-types, objc-font-lock-extra-types and, you guessed it,java-font-lock-extra-types. These value of each of these variables should be alist of regexps matching the extra type names. For example, the default valueof c-font-lock-extra-types is ("\\sw+_t") which means fontification follows theconvention that C type names end in _t. This results in slower fontification.Of course, you can change the variables that specify fontification in whateverway you wish, typically by adding regexps. However, these new variables makeit easier to make specific and common changes for the fontification of types.*** Adding highlighting patterns to existing supportYou can use the new function font-lock-add-keywords to add your ownhighlighting patterns, such as for project-local or user-specific constructs,for any mode.For example, to highlight `FIXME:' words in C comments, put: (font-lock-add-keywords 'c-mode '(("\\<FIXME:" 0 font-lock-warning-face t)))in your ~/.emacs.*** New facesFont Lock now defines two new faces, font-lock-builtin-face andfont-lock-warning-face. These are intended to highlight builtin keywords,distinct from a language's normal keywords, and objects that should be broughtto user attention, respectively. Various modes now use these new faces.*** Changes to fast-lock support modeThe fast-lock package, one of the two Font Lock support modes, can now processcache files silently. You can use the new variable fast-lock-verbose, in thesame way as font-lock-verbose, to control this feature.*** Changes to lazy-lock support modeThe lazy-lock package, one of the two Font Lock support modes, can now fontifyaccording to the true syntactic context relative to other lines. You can usethe new variable lazy-lock-defer-contextually to control this feature. Ifnon-nil, changes to the buffer will cause subsequent lines in the buffer to berefontified after lazy-lock-defer-time seconds of idle time. If nil, then onlythe modified lines will be refontified; this is the same as the previous LazyLock mode behavior and the behavior of Font Lock mode.This feature is useful in modes where strings or comments can span lines.For example, if a string or comment terminating character is deleted, then ifthis feature is enabled subsequent lines in the buffer will be correctlyrefontified to reflect their new syntactic context. Previously, only the linecontaining the deleted character would be refontified and you would have to usethe command M-o M-o (font-lock-fontify-block) to refontify some lines.As a consequence of this new feature, two other variables have changed:Variable `lazy-lock-defer-driven' is renamed `lazy-lock-defer-on-scrolling'.Variable `lazy-lock-defer-time' can now only be a time, i.e., a number.Buffer modes for which on-the-fly deferral applies can be specified via thenew variable `lazy-lock-defer-on-the-fly'.If you set these variables in your ~/.emacs, then you may have to change thosesettings.** Ada mode changes.*** There is now better support for using find-file.el with Ada mode.If you switch between spec and body, the cursor stays in the sameprocedure (modulo overloading). If a spec has no body file yet, butyou try to switch to its body file, Ada mode now generates procedurestubs.*** There are two new commands: - `ada-make-local' : invokes gnatmake on the current buffer - `ada-check-syntax' : check syntax of current buffer.The user options `ada-compiler-make', `ada-make-options',`ada-language-version', `ada-compiler-syntax-check', and`ada-compile-options' are used within these commands.*** Ada mode can now work with Outline minor mode. The outline levelis calculated from the indenting, not from syntactic constructs.Outlining does not work if your code is not correctly indented.*** The new function `ada-gnat-style' converts the buffer to the style offormatting used in GNAT. It places two blanks after a comment start,places one blank between a word end and an opening '(', and puts onespace between a comma and the beginning of a word.** Scheme mode changes.*** Scheme mode indentation now uses many of the facilities of Lispmode; therefore, the variables to customize it are the variables usedfor Lisp mode which have names starting with `lisp-'. The variableswith names starting with `scheme-' which used to do this no longerhave any effect.If you want to use different indentation for Scheme and Lisp, this isstill possible, but now you must do it by adding a hook toscheme-mode-hook, which could work by setting the `lisp-' indentationvariables as buffer-local variables.*** DSSSL mode is a variant of Scheme mode, for editing DSSSL scripts.Use M-x dsssl-mode.** Changes to the emacsclient program*** If a socket can't be found, and environment variables LOGNAME orUSER are set, emacsclient now looks for a socket based on the UIDassociated with the name. That is an emacsclient running as rootcan connect to an Emacs server started by a non-root user.*** The emacsclient program now accepts an option --no-wait which tellsit to return immediately without waiting for you to "finish" thebuffer in Emacs.*** The new option --alternate-editor allows to specify an editor touse if Emacs is not running. The environment variableALTERNATE_EDITOR can be used for the same effect; the command lineoption takes precedence.** M-x eldoc-mode enables a minor mode in which the echo areaconstantly shows the parameter list for function being called at point(in Emacs Lisp and Lisp Interaction modes only).** C-x n d now runs the new command narrow-to-defun,which narrows the accessible parts of the buffer to justthe current defun.** Emacs now handles the `--' argument in the standard way; allfollowing arguments are treated as ordinary file names.** On MSDOS and Windows, the bookmark file is now called _emacs.bmk,and the saved desktop file is now called _emacs.desktop (truncated ifnecessary).** When you kill a buffer that visits a file,if there are any registers that save positions in the file,these register values no longer become completely useless.If you try to go to such a register with C-x j, then you areasked whether to visit the file again. If you say yes,it visits the file and then goes to the same position.** When you visit a file that changes frequently outside Emacs--forexample, a log of output from a process that continues to run--it maybe useful for Emacs to revert the file without querying you wheneveryou visit the file afresh with C-x C-f.You can request this behavior for certain files by setting thevariable revert-without-query to a list of regular expressions. If afile's name matches any of these regular expressions, find-file andrevert-buffer revert the buffer without asking for permission--butonly if you have not edited the buffer text yourself.** set-default-font has been renamed to set-frame-fontsince it applies only to the current frame.** In TeX mode, you can use the variable tex-main-file to specify thefile for tex-file to run TeX on. (By default, tex-main-file is nil,and tex-file runs TeX on the current visited file.)This is useful when you are editing a document that consists ofmultiple files. In each of the included files, you can set up a localvariable list which specifies the top-level file of your document fortex-main-file. Then tex-file will run TeX on the whole documentinstead of just the file you are editing.** RefTeX modeRefTeX mode is a new minor mode with special support for \label, \refand \cite macros in LaTeX documents. RefTeX distinguishes labels ofdifferent environments (equation, figure, ...) and has full support formultifile documents. To use it, select a buffer with a LaTeX document andturn the mode on with M-x reftex-mode. Here are the main user commands:C-c ( reftex-label Creates a label semi-automatically. RefTeX is context sensitive and knows which kind of label is needed.C-c ) reftex-reference Offers in a menu all labels in the document, along with context of the label definition. The selected label is referenced as \ref{LABEL}.C-c [ reftex-citation Prompts for a regular expression and displays a list of matching BibTeX database entries. The selected entry is cited with a \cite{KEY} macro.C-c & reftex-view-crossref Views the cross reference of a \ref or \cite command near point.C-c = reftex-toc Shows a table of contents of the (multifile) document. From there you can quickly jump to every section.Under X, RefTeX installs a "Ref" menu in the menu bar, with additionalcommands. Press `?' to get help when a prompt mentions this feature.Full documentation and customization examples are in the filereftex.el. You can use the finder to view the file documentation:C-h p --> tex --> reftex.el** Changes in BibTeX mode.*** Info documentation is now available.*** Don't allow parentheses in string constants anymore. This confusedboth the BibTeX program and Emacs BibTeX mode.*** Renamed variable bibtex-mode-user-optional-fields tobibtex-user-optional-fields.*** Removed variable bibtex-include-OPTannote(use bibtex-user-optional-fields instead).*** New interactive functions to copy and kill fields and completeentries to the BibTeX kill ring, from where they can be yanked back byappropriate functions.*** New interactive functions for repositioning and marking ofentries. They are bound by default to C-M-l and C-M-h.*** New hook bibtex-clean-entry-hook. It is called after entry hasbeen cleaned.*** New variable bibtex-field-delimiters, which replaces variablesbibtex-field-{left|right}-delimiter.*** New variable bibtex-entry-delimiters to determine how entriesshall be delimited.*** Allow preinitialization of fields. See documentation ofbibtex-user-optional-fields, bibtex-entry-field-alist, andbibtex-include-OPTkey for details.*** Book and InBook entries require either an author or an editorfield. This is now supported by bibtex.el. Alternative fields areprefixed with `ALT'.*** New variable bibtex-entry-format, which replaces variablebibtex-clean-entry-zap-empty-opts and allows specification of manyformatting options performed on cleaning an entry (see variabledocumentation).*** Even more control on how automatic keys are generated. Seedocumentation of bibtex-generate-autokey for details. Transcriptionsfor foreign languages other than German are now handled, too.*** New boolean user option bibtex-comma-after-last-field to decide ifcomma should be inserted at end of last field.*** New boolean user option bibtex-align-at-equal-sign to determine ifalignment should be made at left side of field contents or at equalsigns. New user options to control entry layout (e.g. indentation).*** New function bibtex-fill-entry to realign entries.*** New function bibtex-reformat to reformat region or buffer.*** New function bibtex-convert-alien to convert a BibTeX databasefrom alien sources.*** New function bibtex-complete-key (similar to bibtex-complete-string)to complete prefix to a key defined in buffer. Mainly useful incrossref entries.*** New function bibtex-count-entries to count entries in buffer orregion.*** Added support for imenu.*** The function `bibtex-validate' now checks current region insteadof buffer if mark is active. Now it shows all errors of buffer in a`compilation mode' buffer. You can use the normal commands (e.g.`next-error') for compilation modes to jump to errors.*** New variable `bibtex-string-file-path' to determine where the filesfrom `bibtex-string-files' are searched.** Iso Accents mode now supports Latin-3 as an alternative.** The command next-error now opens blocks hidden by hideshow.** The function using-unix-filesystems has been replaced by thefunctions add-untranslated-filesystem and remove-untranslated-filesystem.Each of these functions takes the name of a drive letter or directoryas an argument.When a filesystem is added as untranslated, all files on it are readand written in binary mode (no cr/lf translation is performed).** browse-url changes*** New methods for: Grail (browse-url-generic), MMM (browse-url-mmm),Lynx in a separate xterm (browse-url-lynx-xterm) or in an Emacs window(browse-url-lynx-emacs), remote W3 (browse-url-w3-gnudoit), genericnon-remote-controlled browsers (browse-url-generic) and associatedcustomization variables.*** New commands `browse-url-of-region' and `browse-url'.*** URLs marked up with <URL:...> (RFC1738) work if broken acrosslines. Browsing methods can be associated with URL regexps(e.g. mailto: URLs) via `browse-url-browser-function'.** Changes in Ediff*** Clicking Mouse-2 on a brief command description in Ediff control panelpops up the Info file for this command.*** There is now a variable, ediff-autostore-merges, which controls whetherthe result of a merge is saved in a file. By default, this is done only whenmerge is done from a session group (eg, when merging files in two differentdirectories).*** Since Emacs 19.31 (this hasn't been announced before), Ediff can compareand merge groups of files residing in different directories, or revisions offiles in the same directory.*** Since Emacs 19.31, Ediff can apply multi-file patches interactively.The patches must be in the context format or GNU unified format. (The bugrelated to the GNU format has now been fixed.)** Changes in Viper*** The startup file is now .viper instead of .vip*** All variable/function names have been changed to start with viper- instead of vip-.*** C-\ now simulates the meta-key in all Viper states.*** C-z in Insert state now escapes to Vi for the duration of the nextViper command. In Vi and Insert states, C-z behaves as before.*** C-c \ escapes to Vi for one command if Viper is in Insert or Emacs states.*** _ is no longer the meta-key in Vi state.*** The variable viper-insert-state-cursor-color can be used to change cursorcolor when Viper is in insert state.*** If search lands the cursor near the top or the bottom of the window,Viper pulls the window up or down to expose more context. The variableviper-adjust-window-after-search controls this behavior.** Etags changes.*** In C, C++, Objective C and Java, Etags tags global variables bydefault. The resulting tags files are inflated by 30% on average.Use --no-globals to turn this feature off. Etags can also tagvariables which are members of structure-like constructs, but it doesnot by default. Use --members to turn this feature on.*** C++ member functions are now recognized as tags.*** Java is tagged like C++. In addition, "extends" and "implements"constructs are tagged. Files are recognized by the extension .java.*** Etags can now handle programs written in Postscript. Files arerecognized by the extensions .ps and .pdb (Postscript with C syntax).In Postscript, tags are lines that start with a slash.*** Etags now handles Objective C and Objective C++ code. The usual C andC++ tags are recognized in these languages; in addition, etagsrecognizes special Objective C syntax for classes, class categories,methods and protocols.*** Etags also handles Cobol. Files are recognized by the extension.cobol. The tagged lines are those containing a word that begins incolumn 8 and ends in a full stop, i.e. anything that could be aparagraph name.*** Regexps in Etags now support intervals, as in ed or grep. The syntax ofan interval is \{M,N\}, and it means to match the preceding expressionat least M times and as many as N times.** The format for specifying a custom format for time-stamp to insertin files has changed slightly.With the new enhancements to the functionality of format-time-string,time-stamp-format will change to be eventually compatible with it.This conversion is being done in two steps to maintain compatibilitywith old time-stamp-format values.In the new scheme, alternate case is signified by the number-sign(`#') modifier, rather than changing the case of the format character.This feature is as yet incompletely implemented for compatibilityreasons.In the old time-stamp-format, all numeric fields defaulted to theirnatural width. (With format-time-string, each format has afixed-width default.) In this version, you can specify the colon(`:') modifier to a numeric conversion to mean "give me the historicaltime-stamp-format width default." Do not use colon if you arespecifying an explicit width, as in "%02d".Numbers are no longer truncated to the requested width, except in thecase of "%02y", which continues to give a two-digit year. Digittruncation probably wasn't being used for anything else anyway.The new formats will work with old versions of Emacs. New formats arebeing recommended now to allow time-stamp-format to change in thefuture to be compatible with format-time-string. The new forms beingrecommended now will continue to work then.See the documentation string for the variable time-stamp-format fordetails.** There are some additional major modes:dcl-mode, for editing VMS DCL files.m4-mode, for editing files of m4 input.meta-mode, for editing MetaFont and MetaPost source files.** In Shell mode, the command shell-copy-environment-variable lets youcopy the value of a specified environment variable from the subshellinto Emacs.** New Lisp packages include:*** battery.el displays battery status for laptops.*** M-x bruce (named after Lenny Bruce) is a program that mightbe used for adding some indecent words to your email.*** M-x crisp-mode enables an emulation for the CRiSP editor.*** M-x dirtrack arranges for better tracking of directory changesin shell buffers.*** The new library elint.el provides for linting of Emacs Lisp code.See the documentation for `elint-initialize', `elint-current-buffer'and `elint-defun'.*** M-x expand-add-abbrevs defines a special kind of abbrev which ismeant for programming constructs. These abbrevs expand like ordinaryones, when you type SPC, but only at the end of a line and not withinstrings or comments.These abbrevs can act as templates: you can define places within anabbrev for insertion of additional text. Once you expand the abbrev,you can then use C-x a p and C-x a n to move back and forth to theseinsertion points. Thus you can conveniently insert additional textat these points.*** filecache.el remembers the location of files so that youcan visit them by short forms of their names.*** find-func.el lets you find the definition of the user-loadedEmacs Lisp function at point.*** M-x handwrite converts text to a "handwritten" picture.*** M-x iswitchb-buffer is a command for switching to a buffer, much likeswitch-buffer, but it reads the argument in a more helpful way.*** M-x landmark implements a neural network for landmark learning.*** M-x locate provides a convenient interface to the `locate' program.*** M4 mode is a new mode for editing files of m4 input.*** mantemp.el creates C++ manual template instantiationsfrom the GCC error messages which indicate which instantiations are needed.*** mouse-copy.el provides a one-click copy and move feature.You can drag a region with M-mouse-1, and it is automaticallyinserted at point. M-Shift-mouse-1 deletes the text from itsoriginal place after inserting the copy.*** mouse-drag.el lets you do scrolling by dragging Mouse-2on the buffer.You click the mouse and move; that distance either translates into thevelocity to scroll (with mouse-drag-throw) or the distance to scroll(with mouse-drag-drag). Horizontal scrolling is enabled when needed.Enable mouse-drag with: (global-set-key [down-mouse-2] 'mouse-drag-throw)-or- (global-set-key [down-mouse-2] 'mouse-drag-drag)*** mspools.el is useful for determining which mail folders havemail waiting to be read in them. It works with procmail.*** Octave mode is a major mode for editing files of input for Octave.It comes with a facility for communicating with an Octave subprocess.*** ogonekThe ogonek package provides functions for changing the coding ofPolish diacritic characters in buffers. Codings known from variousplatforms are supported such as ISO8859-2, Mazovia, IBM Latin2, andTeX. For example, you can change the coding from Mazovia toISO8859-2. Another example is a change of coding from ISO8859-2 toprefix notation (in which `/a' stands for the aogonek character, forinstance) and vice versa.To use this package load it using M-x load-library [enter] ogonekThen, you may get an explanation by calling one of M-x ogonek-jak -- in Polish M-x ogonek-how -- in EnglishThe info specifies the commands and variables provided as well as theways of customization in `.emacs'.*** Interface to ph.Emacs provides a client interface to CCSO Nameservers (ph/qi)The CCSO nameserver is used in many universities to provide directoryservices about people. ph.el provides a convenient Emacs interface tothese servers.*** uce.el is useful for replying to unsolicited commercial email.*** vcursor.el implements a "virtual cursor" feature.You can move the virtual cursor with special commandswhile the real cursor does not move.*** webjump.el is a "hot list" package which you can set upfor visiting your favorite web sites.*** M-x winner-mode is a minor mode which saves window configurations,so you can move back to other configurations that you have recently used.** movemail changeMovemail no longer needs to be installed setuid root in order for POPmail retrieval to function properly. This is because it no longersupports the RPOP (reserved-port POP) protocol; instead, it uses theuser's POP password to authenticate to the mail server.This change was made earlier, but not reported in NEWS before.* Emacs 20.1 changes for MS-DOS and MS-Windows.** Changes in handling MS-DOS/MS-Windows text files.Emacs handles three different conventions for representingend-of-line: CRLF for MSDOS, LF for Unix and GNU, and CR (used on theMacintosh). Emacs determines which convention is used in a specificfile based on the contents of that file (except for certain specialfile names), and when it saves the file, it uses the same convention.To save the file and change the end-of-line convention, you can useC-x RET f (set-buffer-file-coding-system) to specify a differentcoding system for the buffer. Then, when you save the file, the newlyspecified coding system will take effect. For example, to save withLF, specify undecided-unix (or some other ...-unix coding system); tosave with CRLF, specify undecided-dos.* Lisp Changes in Emacs 20.1** Byte-compiled files made with Emacs 20 will, in general, work inEmacs 19 as well, as long as the source code runs in Emacs 19. Andvice versa: byte-compiled files made with Emacs 19 should also run inEmacs 20, as long as the program itself works in Emacs 20.** Windows-specific functions and variables have been renamedto start with w32- instead of win32-.In hacker language, calling something a "win" is a form of praise. Wedon't want to praise a non-free Microsoft system, so we don't call it"win".** Basic Lisp changes*** A symbol whose name starts with a colon now automaticallyevaluates to itself. Therefore such a symbol can be used as a constant.*** The defined purpose of `defconst' has been changed. It should nowbe used only for values that should not be changed whether by a programor by the user.The actual behavior of defconst has not been changed.*** There are new macros `when' and `unless'(when CONDITION BODY...) is short for (if CONDITION (progn BODY...))(unless CONDITION BODY...) is short for (if CONDITION nil BODY...)*** Emacs now defines functions caar, cadr, cdar and cddr with theirusual Lisp meanings. For example, caar returns the car of the car ofits argument.*** equal, when comparing strings, now ignores their text properties.*** The new function `functionp' tests whether an object is a function.*** arrayp now returns t for char-tables and bool-vectors.*** Certain primitives which use characters (as integers) now get anerror if the integer is not a valid character code. These primitivesinclude insert-char, char-to-string, and the %c construct in the`format' function.*** The `require' function now insists on adding a suffix, either .elor .elc, to the file name. Thus, (require 'foo) will not use a filewhose name is just foo. It insists on foo.el or foo.elc.*** The `autoload' function, when the file name does not containeither a directory name or the suffix .el or .elc, insists onadding one of these suffixes.*** string-to-number now takes an optional second argument BASEwhich specifies the base to use when converting an integer.If BASE is omitted, base 10 is used.We have not implemented other radices for floating point numbers,because that would be much more work and does not seem useful.*** substring now handles vectors as well as strings.*** The Common Lisp function eql is no longer defined normally.You must load the `cl' library to define it.*** The new macro `with-current-buffer' lets you evaluate an expressionconveniently with a different current buffer. It looks like this: (with-current-buffer BUFFER BODY-FORMS...)BUFFER is the expression that says which buffer to use.BODY-FORMS say what to do in that buffer.*** The new primitive `save-current-buffer' saves and restores thechoice of current buffer, like `save-excursion', but without saving orrestoring the value of point or the mark. `with-current-buffer'works using `save-current-buffer'.*** The new macro `with-temp-file' lets you do some work in a new buffer andwrite the output to a specified file. Like `progn', it returns the valueof the last form.*** The new macro `with-temp-buffer' lets you do some work in a new buffer,which is discarded after use. Like `progn', it returns the value of thelast form. If you wish to return the buffer contents, use (buffer-string)as the last form.*** The new function split-string takes a string, splits it at certaincharacters, and returns a list of the substrings in between thematches.For example, (split-string "foo bar lose" " +") returns ("foo" "bar" "lose").*** The new macro with-output-to-string executes some Lisp expressionswith standard-output set up so that all output feeds into a string.Then it returns that string.For example, if the current buffer name is `foo',(with-output-to-string (princ "The buffer is ") (princ (buffer-name)))returns "The buffer is foo".** Non-ASCII characters are now supported, if enable-multibyte-charactersis non-nil.These characters have character codes above 256. When inserted in thebuffer or stored in a string, they are represented as multibytecharacters that occupy several buffer positions each.*** When enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil, a single character ina buffer or string can be two or more bytes (as many as four).Buffers and strings are still made up of unibyte elements;character positions and string indices are always measured in bytes.Therefore, moving forward one character can increase the bufferposition by 2, 3 or 4. The function forward-char moves by wholecharacters, and therefore is no longer equivalent to (lambda (n) (goto-char (+ (point) n))).ASCII characters (codes 0 through 127) are still single bytes, always.Sequences of byte values 128 through 255 are used to representnon-ASCII characters. These sequences are called "multibytecharacters".The first byte of a multibyte character is always in the range 128through 159 (octal 0200 through 0237). These values are called"leading codes". The second and subsequent bytes are always in therange 160 through 255 (octal 0240 through 0377). The first byte, theleading code, determines how many bytes long the sequence is.*** The function forward-char moves over characters, and therefore(forward-char 1) may increase point by more than 1 if it moves over amultibyte character. Likewise, delete-char always deletes acharacter, which may be more than one buffer position.This means that some Lisp programs, which assume that a character isalways one buffer position, need to be changed.However, all ASCII characters are always one buffer position.*** The regexp [\200-\377] no longer matches all non-ASCII characters,because when enable-multibyte-characters is non-nil, these charactershave codes that are not in the range octal 200 to octal 377. However,the regexp [^\000-\177] does match all non-ASCII characters,guaranteed.*** The function char-boundary-p returns non-nil if position POS isbetween two characters in the buffer (not in the middle of acharacter).When the value is non-nil, it says what kind of character follows POS: 0 if POS is at an ASCII character or at the end of range, 1 if POS is before a 2-byte length multi-byte form, 2 if POS is at a head of 3-byte length multi-byte form, 3 if POS is at a head of 4-byte length multi-byte form, 4 if POS is at a head of multi-byte form of a composite character.*** The function char-bytes returns how many bytes the character CHAR uses.*** Strings can contain multibyte characters. The function`length' returns the string length counting bytes, which may bemore than the number of characters.You can include a multibyte character in a string constant by writingit literally. You can also represent it with a hex escape,\xNNNNNNN..., using as many digits as necessary. Any character whichis not a valid hex digit terminates this construct. If you want tofollow it with a character that is a hex digit, write backslash andnewline in between; that will terminate the hex escape.*** The function concat-chars takes arguments which are charactersand returns a string containing those characters.*** The function sref access a multibyte character in a string.(sref STRING INDX) returns the character in STRING at INDEX. INDEXcounts from zero. If INDEX is at a position in the middle of acharacter, sref signals an error.*** The function chars-in-string returns the number of charactersin a string. This is less than the length of the string, if thestring contains multibyte characters (the length counts bytes).*** The function chars-in-region returns the number of charactersin a region from BEG to END. This is less than (- END BEG) if theregion contains multibyte characters (the length counts bytes).*** The function string-to-list converts a string to a list ofthe characters in it. string-to-vector converts a stringto a vector of the characters in it.*** The function store-substring alters part of the contentsof a string. You call it as follows: (store-substring STRING IDX OBJ)This says to alter STRING, by storing OBJ starting at index IDX inSTRING. OBJ may be either a character or a (smaller) string.This function really does alter the contents of STRING.Since it is impossible to change the length of an existing string,it is an error if OBJ doesn't fit within STRING's actual length.*** char-width returns the width (in columns) of the character CHAR,if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window.*** string-width returns the width (in columns) of the text in STRING,if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window.*** truncate-string-to-width shortens a string, if necessary,to fit within a certain number of columns. (Of course, it doesnot alter the string that you give it; it returns a new stringwhich contains all or just part of the existing string.)(truncate-string-to-width STR END-COLUMN &optional START-COLUMN PADDING)This returns the part of STR up to column END-COLUMN.The optional argument START-COLUMN specifies the starting column.If this is non-nil, then the first START-COLUMN columns of the stringare not included in the resulting value.The optional argument PADDING, if non-nil, is a padding character to be addedat the beginning and end the resulting string, to extend it to exactlyWIDTH columns. If PADDING is nil, that means do not pad; then, if STRINGis narrower than WIDTH, the value is equal to STRING.If PADDING and START-COLUMN are both non-nil, and if there is no cleanplace in STRING that corresponds to START-COLUMN (because onecharacter extends across that column), then the padding characterPADDING is added one or more times at the beginning of the resultstring, so that its columns line up as if it really did start atcolumn START-COLUMN.*** When the functions in the list after-change-functions are called,the third argument is the number of bytes in the pre-change text, notnecessarily the number of characters. It is, in effect, thedifference in buffer position between the beginning and the end of thechanged text, before the change.*** The characters Emacs uses are classified in various charactersets, each of which has a name which is a symbol. In general there isone character set for each script, not for each language.**** The function charsetp tests whether an object is a character set name.**** The variable charset-list holds a list of character set names.**** char-charset, given a character code, returns the name of the characterset that the character belongs to. (The value is a symbol.)**** split-char, given a character code, returns a list containing thename of the character set, followed by one or two byte-valueswhich identify the character within that character set.**** make-char, given a character set name and one or two subsequentbyte-values, constructs a character code. This is roughly theopposite of split-char.**** find-charset-region returns a list of the character setsof all the characters between BEG and END.**** find-charset-string returns a list of the character setsof all the characters in a string.*** Here are the Lisp facilities for working with coding systemsand specifying coding systems.**** The function coding-system-list returns a list of all codingsystem names (symbols). With optional argument t, it returns a listof all distinct base coding systems, not including variants.(Variant coding systems are those like latin-1-dos, latin-1-unixand latin-1-mac which specify the end-of-line conversion as wellas what to do about code conversion.)**** coding-system-p tests a symbol to see if it is a coding systemname. It returns t if so, nil if not.**** file-coding-system-alist specifies which coding systems to usefor certain file names. It works like network-coding-system-alist,except that the PATTERN is matched against the file name.Each element has the format (PATTERN . VAL), where PATTERN determineswhich file names the element applies to. PATTERN should be a regexpto match against a file name.VAL is a coding system, a cons cell containing two coding systems, ora function symbol. If VAL is a coding system, it is used for bothdecoding what received from the network stream and encoding what sentto the network stream. If VAL is a cons cell containing two codingsystems, the car specifies the coding system for decoding, and the cdrspecifies the coding system for encoding.If VAL is a function symbol, the function must return a coding systemor a cons cell containing two coding systems, which is used as above.**** The variable network-coding-system-alist specifiesthe coding system to use for network sockets.Each element has the format (PATTERN . VAL), where PATTERN determineswhich network sockets the element applies to. PATTERN should beeither a port number or a regular expression matching some networkservice names.VAL is a coding system, a cons cell containing two coding systems, ora function symbol. If VAL is a coding system, it is used for bothdecoding what received from the network stream and encoding what sentto the network stream. If VAL is a cons cell containing two codingsystems, the car specifies the coding system for decoding, and the cdrspecifies the coding system for encoding.If VAL is a function symbol, the function must return a coding systemor a cons cell containing two coding systems, which is used as above.**** process-coding-system-alist specifies which coding systems to usefor certain subprocess. It works like network-coding-system-alist,except that the PATTERN is matched against the program name used tostart the subprocess.**** The variable default-process-coding-system specifies the codingsystems to use for subprocess (and net connection) input and output,when nothing else specifies what to do. The value is a cons cell(OUTPUT-CODING . INPUT-CODING). OUTPUT-CODING applies to outputto the subprocess, and INPUT-CODING applies to input from it.**** The variable coding-system-for-write, if non-nil, specifies thecoding system to use for writing a file, or for output to a synchronoussubprocess.It also applies to any asynchronous subprocess or network connection,but in a different way: the value of coding-system-for-write when youstart the subprocess or connection affects that subprocess orconnection permanently or until overridden.The variable coding-system-for-write takes precedence overfile-coding-system-alist, process-coding-system-alist andnetwork-coding-system-alist, and all other methods of specifying acoding system for output. But most of the time this variable is nil.It exists so that Lisp programs can bind it to a specific codingsystem for one operation at a time.**** coding-system-for-read applies similarly to input fromfiles, subprocesses or network connections.**** The function process-coding-system tells you whatcoding systems(s) an existing subprocess is using.The value is a cons cell, (DECODING-CODING-SYSTEM . ENCODING-CODING-SYSTEM)where DECODING-CODING-SYSTEM is used for decoding output fromthe subprocess, and ENCODING-CODING-SYSTEM is used for encodinginput to the subprocess.**** The function set-process-coding-system can be used tochange the coding systems in use for an existing subprocess.** Emacs has a new facility to help users manage the manycustomization options. To make a Lisp program work with this facility,you need to use the new macros defgroup and defcustom.You use defcustom instead of defvar, for defining a user optionvariable. The difference is that you specify two additional pieces ofinformation (usually): the "type" which says what values arelegitimate, and the "group" which specifies the hierarchy forcustomization.Thus, instead of writing (defvar foo-blurgoze nil "*Non-nil means that foo will act very blurgozely.")you would now write this: (defcustom foo-blurgoze nil "*Non-nil means that foo will act very blurgozely." :type 'boolean :group foo)The type `boolean' means that this variable has onlytwo meaningful states: nil and non-nil. Other type valuesdescribe other possibilities; see the manual for Customfor a description of them.The "group" argument is used to specify a group which the optionshould belong to. You define a new group like this: (defgroup ispell nil "Spell checking using Ispell." :group 'processes)The "group" argument in defgroup specifies the parent group. The rootgroup is called `emacs'; it should not contain any variables itself,but only other groups. The immediate subgroups of `emacs' correspondto the keywords used by C-h p. Under these subgroups comesecond-level subgroups that belong to individual packages.Each Emacs package should have its own set of groups. A simplepackage should have just one group; a more complex package shouldhave a hierarchy of its own groups. The sole or root group of apackage should be a subgroup of one or more of the "keyword"first-level subgroups.** New `widget' library for inserting UI components in buffers.This library, used by the new custom library, is documented in aseparate manual that accompanies Emacs.** easy-mmodeThe easy-mmode package provides macros and functions that makedeveloping minor modes easier. Roughly, the programmer has to codeonly the functionality of the minor mode. All the rest--toggles,predicate, and documentation--can be done in one call to the macro`easy-mmode-define-minor-mode' (see the documentation). See also`easy-mmode-define-keymap'.** Text property changes*** The `intangible' property now works on overlays as well as on atext property.*** The new functions next-char-property-change andprevious-char-property-change scan through the buffer looking for aplace where either a text property or an overlay might change. Thefunctions take two arguments, POSITION and LIMIT. POSITION is thestarting position for the scan. LIMIT says where to stop the scan.If no property change is found before LIMIT, the value is LIMIT. IfLIMIT is nil, scan goes to the beginning or end of the accessible partof the buffer. If no property change is found, the value is theposition of the beginning or end of the buffer.*** In the `local-map' text property or overlay property, the propertyvalue can now be a symbol whose function definition is a keymap. Thisis an alternative to using the keymap itself.** Changes in invisibility features*** Isearch can now temporarily show parts of the buffer which arehidden by an overlay with a invisible property, when the search matchis inside that portion of the buffer. To enable this the overlayshould have a isearch-open-invisible property which is a function thatwould be called having the overlay as an argument, the function shouldmake the overlay visible.During incremental search the overlays are shown by modifying theinvisible and intangible properties, if beside this more actions areneeded the overlay should have a isearch-open-invisible-temporarywhich is a function. The function is called with 2 arguments: one isthe overlay and the second is nil when it should show the overlay andt when it should hide it.*** add-to-invisibility-spec, remove-from-invisibility-specModes that use overlays to hide portions of a buffer should set theinvisible property of the overlay to the mode's name (or another symbol)and modify the `buffer-invisibility-spec' to include that symbol.Use `add-to-invisibility-spec' and `remove-from-invisibility-spec' tomanipulate the `buffer-invisibility-spec'.Here is an example of how to do this: ;; If we want to display an ellipsis: (add-to-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t)) ;; If you don't want ellipsis: (add-to-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol) ... (overlay-put (make-overlay beginning end) 'invisible 'my-symbol) ... ;; When done with the overlays: (remove-from-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t)) ;; Or respectively: (remove-from-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol)** Changes in syntax parsing.*** The syntax-directed buffer-scan functions (such as`parse-partial-sexp', `forward-word' and similar functions) can nowobey syntax information specified by text properties, if the variable`parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is non-nil.If the value of `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is nil, the behavioris as before: the syntax-table of the current buffer is alwaysused to determine the syntax of the character at the position.When `parse-sexp-lookup-properties' is non-nil, the syntax of acharacter in the buffer is calculated thus: a) if the `syntax-table' text-property of that character is a cons, this cons becomes the syntax-type; Valid values of `syntax-table' text-property are: nil, a valid syntax-table, and a valid syntax-table element, i.e., a cons cell of the form (SYNTAX-CODE . MATCHING-CHAR). b) if the character's `syntax-table' text-property is a syntax table, this syntax table is used (instead of the syntax-table of the current buffer) to determine the syntax type of the character. c) otherwise the syntax-type is determined by the syntax-table of the current buffer.*** The meaning of \s in regular expressions is also affected by thevalue of `parse-sexp-lookup-properties'. The details are the same asfor the syntax-directed buffer-scan functions.*** There are two new syntax-codes, `!' and `|' (numeric values 14and 15). A character with a code `!' starts a comment which is endedonly by another character with the same code (unless quoted). Acharacter with a code `|' starts a string which is ended only byanother character with the same code (unless quoted).These codes are mainly meant for use as values of the `syntax-table'text property.*** The function `parse-partial-sexp' has new semantics for the sixtharg COMMENTSTOP. If it is `syntax-table', parse stops after the startof a comment or a string, or after end of a comment or a string.*** The state-list which the return value from `parse-partial-sexp'(and can also be used as an argument) now has an optional ninthelement: the character address of the start of last comment or string;nil if none. The fourth and eighth elements have special values if thestring/comment is started by a "!" or "|" syntax-code.*** Since new features of `parse-partial-sexp' allow a completesyntactic parsing, `font-lock' no longer supports`font-lock-comment-start-regexp'.** Changes in face features*** The face functions are now unconditionally defined in Emacs, evenif it does not support displaying on a device that supports faces.*** The function face-documentation returns the documentation stringof a face (or nil if it doesn't have one).*** The function face-bold-p returns t if a face should be bold.set-face-bold-p sets that flag.*** The function face-italic-p returns t if a face should be italic.set-face-italic-p sets that flag.*** You can now specify foreground and background colors for textby adding elements of the form (foreground-color . COLOR-NAME)and (background-color . COLOR-NAME) to the list of faces inthe `face' property (either the character's text property or anoverlay property).This means that you no longer need to create named faces to usearbitrary colors in a Lisp package.** Changes in file-handling functions*** File-access primitive functions no longer discard an extra redundantdirectory name from the beginning of the file name. In other words,they no longer do anything special with // or /~. That conversionis now done only in substitute-in-file-name.This makes it possible for a Lisp program to open a file whose namebegins with ~.*** If copy-file is unable to set the date of the output file,it now signals an error with the condition file-date-error.*** The inode number returned by file-attributes may be an integer (ifthe number fits in a Lisp integer) or a list of integers.*** insert-file-contents can now read from a special file,as long as the arguments VISIT and REPLACE are nil.*** The RAWFILE arg to find-file-noselect, if non-nil, now suppressescharacter code conversion as well as other things.Meanwhile, this feature does work with remote file names(formerly it did not).*** Lisp packages which create temporary files should use the TMPDIRenvironment variable to decide which directory to put them in.*** interpreter-mode-alist elements now specify regexpsinstead of constant strings.*** expand-file-name no longer treats `//' or `/~' specially. It usedto delete all the text of a file name up through the first slash ofany `//' or `/~' sequence. Now it passes them straight through.substitute-in-file-name continues to treat those sequences specially,in the same way as before.*** The variable `format-alist' is more general now.The FROM-FN and TO-FN in a format definition can now be stringswhich specify shell commands to use as filters to perform conversion.*** The new function access-file tries to open a file, and signals anerror if that fails. If the open succeeds, access-file does nothingelse, and returns nil.*** The function insert-directory now signals an error if the specifieddirectory cannot be listed.** Changes in minibuffer input*** The functions read-buffer, read-variable, read-command, read-stringread-file-name, read-from-minibuffer and completing-read now take anadditional argument which specifies the default value. If thisargument is non-nil, it should be a string; that string is used in twoways: It is returned if the user enters empty input. It is available through the history command M-n.*** The functions read-string, read-from-minibuffer,read-no-blanks-input and completing-read now take an additionalargument INHERIT-INPUT-METHOD. If this is non-nil, then theminibuffer inherits the current input method and the setting ofenable-multibyte-characters from the previously current buffer.In an interactive spec, you can use M instead of s to read anargument in this way.*** All minibuffer input functions discard text propertiesfrom the text you enter in the minibuffer, unless the variableminibuffer-allow-text-properties is non-nil.** Echo area features*** Clearing the echo area now runs the normal hookecho-area-clear-hook. Note that the echo area can be used while theminibuffer is active; in that case, the minibuffer is still activeafter the echo area is cleared.*** The function current-message returns the message currently displayedin the echo area, or nil if there is none.** Keyboard input features*** tty-erase-char is a new variable that reports which character wasset up as the terminal's erase character when time Emacs was started.*** num-nonmacro-input-events is the total number of input eventsreceived so far from the terminal. It does not count those generatedby keyboard macros.** Frame-related changes*** make-frame runs the normal hook before-make-frame-hook just beforecreating a frame, and just after creating a frame it runs the abnormalhook after-make-frame-functions with the new frame as arg.*** The new hook window-configuration-change-hook is now run every timethe window configuration has changed. The frame whose configurationhas changed is the selected frame when the hook is run.*** Each frame now independently records the order for recentlyselected buffers, in its buffer-list frame parameter, so that thevalue of other-buffer is now based on the buffers recently displayedin the selected frame.*** The value of the frame parameter vertical-scroll-barsis now `left', `right' or nil. A non-nil value specifieswhich side of the window to put the scroll bars on.** X Windows features*** You can examine X resources for other applications by bindingx-resource-class around a call to x-get-resource. The usual value ofx-resource-class is "Emacs", which is the correct value for Emacs.*** In menus, checkboxes and radio buttons now actually work.The menu displays the current status of the box or button.*** The function x-list-fonts now takes an optional fourth argumentMAXIMUM which sets a limit on how many matching fonts to return.A smaller value of MAXIMUM makes the function faster.If the only question is whether *any* font matches the pattern,it is good to supply 1 for this argument.** Subprocess features*** A reminder: it is no longer necessary for subprocess filterfunctions and sentinels to do save-match-data, because Emacs does thisautomatically.*** The new function shell-command-to-string executes a shell commandand returns the output from the command as a string.*** The new function process-contact returns t for a child process,and (HOSTNAME SERVICE) for a net connection.** An error in running pre-command-hook or post-command-hookdoes clear the variable to nil. The documentation was wrong before.** In define-key-after, if AFTER is t, the new binding now always goesat the end of the keymap. If the keymap is a menu, this means itgoes after the other menu items.** If you have a program that makes several changes in the same areaof the buffer, you can use the macro combine-after-change-callsaround that Lisp code to make it faster when after-change hooksare in use.The macro arranges to call the after-change functions just once for aseries of several changes--if that seems safe.Don't alter the variables after-change-functions andafter-change-function within the body of a combine-after-change-callsform.** If you define an abbrev (with define-abbrev) whose EXPANSIONis not a string, then the abbrev does not expand in the usual sense,but its hook is still run.** Normally, the Lisp debugger is not used (even if you have enabled it)for errors that are handled by condition-case.If you set debug-on-signal to a non-nil value, then the debugger is calledregardless of whether there is a handler for the condition. This isuseful for debugging problems that happen inside of a condition-case.This mode of operation seems to be unreliable in other ways. Errors thatare normal and ought to be handled, perhaps in timers or processfilters, will instead invoke the debugger. So don't say you weren'twarned.** The new variable ring-bell-function lets you specify your ownway for Emacs to "ring the bell".** If run-at-time's TIME argument is t, the action is repeated atintegral multiples of REPEAT from the epoch; this is useful forfunctions like display-time.** You can use the function locate-library to find the precise filename of a Lisp library. This isn't new, but wasn't documented before.** Commands for entering view mode have new optional arguments thatcan be used from Lisp. Low-level entrance to and exit from view modeis done by functions view-mode-enter and view-mode-exit.** batch-byte-compile-file now makes Emacs return a nonzero status codeif there is an error in compilation.** pop-to-buffer, switch-to-buffer-other-window andswitch-to-buffer-other-frame now accept an additional optionalargument NORECORD, much like switch-to-buffer. If it is non-nil,they don't put the buffer at the front of the buffer list.** If your .emacs file leaves the *scratch* buffer non-empty,Emacs does not display the startup message, so as to avoid changingthe *scratch* buffer.** The new function regexp-opt returns an efficient regexp to match a string.The arguments are STRINGS and (optionally) PAREN. This function can be usedwhere regexp matching or searching is intensively used and speed is important,e.g., in Font Lock mode.** The variable buffer-display-count is local to each buffer,and is incremented each time the buffer is displayed in a window.It starts at 0 when the buffer is created.** The new function compose-mail starts composing a mail messageusing the user's chosen mail composition agent (specified with thevariable mail-user-agent). It has variants compose-mail-other-windowand compose-mail-other-frame.** The `user-full-name' function now takes an optional parameter whichcan either be a number (the UID) or a string (the login name). Thefull name of the specified user will be returned.** Lisp packages that load files of customizations, or any other sortof user profile, should obey the variable init-file-user in decidingwhere to find it. They should load the profile of the user name foundin that variable. If init-file-user is nil, meaning that the -qoption was used, then Lisp packages should not load the customizationfiles at all.** format-time-string now allows you to specify the field widthand type of padding. This works as in printf: you write the fieldwidth as digits in the middle of a %-construct. If you startthe field width with 0, it means to pad with zeros.For example, %S normally specifies the number of seconds since theminute; %03S means to pad this with zeros to 3 positions, %_3S to padwith spaces to 3 positions. Plain %3S pads with zeros, because thatis how %S normally pads to two positions.** thing-at-point now supports a new kind of "thing": url.** imenu.el changes.You can now specify a function to be run when selecting anitem from menu created by imenu.An example of using this feature: if we define imenu items for the#include directives in a C file, we can open the included file when weselect one of those items.----------------------------------------------------------------------This file is part of GNU Emacs.GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modifyit under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published bythe Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)any later version.GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty ofMERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See theGNU General Public License for more details.You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public Licensealong with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to theFree Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.Local variables:mode: outlineparagraph-separate: "[ ]*$"end: