\input texinfo@setfilename ../info/vip@settitle VIP@copyingCopyright @copyright{} 1987, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.@quotationPermission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this documentunder the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 orany later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with noInvariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNUManual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of thelicense is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free DocumentationLicense'' in the Emacs manual.(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modifythis GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the FreeSoftware Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU FreeDocumentation License. If you want to distribute this documentseparately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of thelicense to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.@end quotation@end copying@titlepage@sp 10@center @titlefont{VIP}@sp 1@center A Vi Package for GNU Emacs@center (Version 3.5, September 15, 1987)@sp 2@center Masahiko Sato@page@vskip 0pt plus1filll@insertcopying@end titlepage@dircategory Emacs@direntry* VIP: (vip). An older VI-emulation for Emacs.@end direntry@finalout@ifnottex@node Top, Survey,, (DIR)@top VIPVIP is a Vi emulating package written in Emacs Lisp. VIP implements mostVi commands including Ex commands. It is therefore hoped that this packagewill enable you to do Vi style editing under the powerful GNU Emacsenvironment. This info file describes the usage of VIP assuming that youare fairly accustomed to Vi but not so much with Emacs. Also we willconcentrate mainly on differences from Vi, especially features unique toVIP.It is recommended that you read nodes on survey and on customization beforeyou start using VIP. Other nodes may be visited as needed.Comments and bug reports are welcome. Please send messages to@code{ms@@Sail.Stanford.Edu} if you are outside of Japan and to@code{masahiko@@sato.riec.tohoku.junet} if you are in Japan.@refill@end ifnottex@menu* Survey:: A survey of VIP.* Vi Commands:: Details of Vi commands.* Ex Commands:: Details of Ex commands.* Customization:: How to customize VIP.@end menu@iftex@unnumbered IntroductionVIP is a Vi emulating package written in Emacs Lisp. VIP implements mostVi commands including Ex commands. It is therefore hoped that this packagewill enable you to do Vi style editing under the powerful GNU Emacsenvironment. This manual describes the usage of VIP assuming that you arefairly accustomed to Vi but not so much with Emacs. Also we willconcentrate mainly on differences from Vi, especially features unique toVIP.It is recommended that you read chapters on survey and on customizationbefore you start using VIP. Other chapters may be used as futurereferences.Comments and bug reports are welcome. Please send messages to@code{ms@@Sail.Stanford.Edu} if you are outside of Japan and to@code{masahiko@@unsun.riec.tohoku.junet} if you are in Japan.@end iftex@node Survey, Basic Concepts, Top, Top@chapter A Survey of VIPIn this chapter we describe basics of VIP with emphasis on the features notfound in Vi and on how to use VIP under GNU Emacs.@menu* Basic Concepts:: Basic concepts in Emacs.* Loading VIP:: How to load VIP automatically.* Modes in VIP:: VIP has three modes, which are orthogonal to modes in Emacs.* Differences from Vi:: Differences of VIP from Vi is explained.@end menu@node Basic Concepts, Loading VIP, Survey, Survey@section Basic ConceptsWe begin by explaining some basic concepts of Emacs. These concepts areexplained in more detail in the GNU Emacs Manual.@cindex buffer@cindex point@cindex mark@cindex text@cindex looking at@cindex end (of buffer)@cindex regionConceptually, a @dfn{buffer} is just a string of @acronym{ASCII} characters and twospecial characters @key{PNT} (@dfn{point}) and @key{MRK} (@dfn{mark}) suchthat the character @key{PNT} occurs exactly once and @key{MRK} occurs atmost once. The @dfn{text} of a buffer is obtained by deleting theoccurrences of @key{PNT} and @key{MRK}. If, in a buffer, there is acharacter following @key{PNT} then we say that point is @dfn{looking at}the character; otherwise we say that point is @dfn{at the end of buffer}.@key{PNT} and @key{MRK} are usedto indicate positions in a buffer and they are not part of the text of thebuffer. If a buffer contains a @key{MRK} then the text between @key{MRK}and @key{PNT} is called the @dfn{region} of the buffer.@refill@cindex windowEmacs provides (multiple) @dfn{windows} on the screen, and you can see thecontent of a buffer through the window associated with the buffer. Thecursor of the screen is always positioned on the character after @key{PNT}.@refill@cindex mode@cindex keymap@cindex local keymap@cindex global keymapA @dfn{keymap} is a table that records the bindings between characters andcommand functions. There is the @dfn{global keymap} common to all thebuffers. Each buffer has its @dfn{local keymap} that determines the@dfn{mode} of the buffer. Local keymap overrides global keymap, so that ifa function is bound to some key in the local keymap then that function willbe executed when you type the key. If no function is bound to a key in thelocal map, however, the function bound to the key in the global map becomesin effect.@refill@node Loading VIP, Modes in VIP, Basic Concepts, Survey@section Loading VIPThe recommended way to load VIP automatically is to include the line:@example(load "vip")@end example@noindentin your @file{.emacs} file. The @file{.emacs} file is placed in your homedirectory and it will be executed every time you invoke Emacs. If you wishto be in vi mode whenever Emacs starts up, you can include the followingline in your @file{.emacs} file instead of the above line:@example(setq term-setup-hook 'vip-mode)@end example@noindent(@xref{Vi Mode}, for the explanation of vi mode.)Even if your @file{.emacs} file does not contain any of the above lines,you can load VIP and enter vi mode by typing the following from withinEmacs.@exampleM-x vip-mode@end example@noindent@node Modes in VIP, Emacs Mode, Loading VIP, Survey@section Modes in VIP@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi})@kindex 0301 @kbd{C-x C-z} (@code{suspend-emacs})Loading VIP has the effect of globally binding @kbd{C-z} (@kbd{Control-z})to the function @code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}. The default binding of @kbd{C-z}in GNU Emacs is @code{suspend-emacs}, but, you can also call@code{suspend-emacs} by typing @kbd{C-x C-z}. Other than this, all thekey bindings of Emacs remain the same after loading VIP.@refill@cindex vi modeNow, if you hit @kbd{C-z}, the function @code{vip-change-mode-to-vi} will becalled and you will be in @dfn{vi mode}. (Some major modes may locally bind@kbd{C-z} to some special functions. In such cases, you can call@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi} by @code{execute-extended-command} which isinvoked by @kbd{M-x}. Here @kbd{M-x} means @kbd{Meta-x}, and if yourterminal does not have a @key{META} key you can enter it by typing@kbd{@key{ESC} x}. The same effect can also be achieve by typing@kbd{M-x vip-mode}.)@refill@cindex mode lineYou can observe the change of mode by looking at the @dfn{mode line}. Forinstance, if the mode line is:@refill@example-----Emacs: *scratch* (Lisp Interaction)----All------------@end example@noindentthen it will change to:@example-----Vi: *scratch* (Lisp Interaction)----All------------@end example@noindentThus the word @samp{Emacs} in the mode line will change to @samp{Vi}.@cindex insert mode@cindex emacs modeYou can go back to the original @dfn{emacs mode} by typing @kbd{C-z} invi mode. Thus @kbd{C-z} toggles between these two modes.@refillNote that modes in VIP exist orthogonally to modes in Emacs. This meansthat you can be in vi mode and at the same time, say, shell mode.Vi mode corresponds to Vi's command mode. From vi mode you can enter@dfn{insert mode} (which corresponds to Vi's insert mode) by usual Vi commandkeys like @kbd{i}, @kbd{a}, @kbd{o} @dots{} etc.In insert mode, the mode line will look like this:@example-----Insert *scratch* (Lisp Interaction)----All------------@end example@noindentYou can exit from insert mode by hitting @key{ESC} key as you do in Vi.That VIP has three modes may seem very complicated, but in fact it is notso. VIP is implemented so that you can do most editing remaining onlyin the two modes for Vi (that is vi mode and insert mode).@ifinfoThe figure below shows the transition of three modes in VIP.@display === C-z ==> == i,o ... ==>emacs mode vi mode insert mode <== X-z === <=== ESC ====@end display@end ifinfo@menu* Emacs Mode:: This is the mode you should know better.* Vi Mode:: Vi commands are executed in this mode.* Insert Mode:: You can enter text, and also can do editing if you know enough Emacs commands.@end menu@node Emacs Mode, Vi Mode, Modes in VIP, Modes in VIP@subsection Emacs Mode@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi})You will be in this mode just after you loaded VIP. You can do allnormal Emacs editing in this mode. Note that the key @kbd{C-z} is globallybound to @code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}. So, if you type @kbd{C-z} in this modethen you will be in vi mode.@refill@node Vi Mode, Insert Mode, Emacs Mode, Modes in VIP@subsection Vi ModeThis mode corresponds to Vi's command mode. Most Vi commands work as theydo in Vi. You can go back to emacs mode by typing @kbd{C-z}. You canenter insert mode, just as in Vi, by typing @kbd{i}, @kbd{a} etc.@node Insert Mode, Differences from Vi, Vi Mode, Modes in VIP@subsection Insert ModeThe key bindings in this mode is the same as in the emacs mode except forthe following 4 keys. So, you can move around in the buffer and changeits content while you are in insert mode.@table @kbd@item @key{ESC}@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}) (insert mode)This key will take you back to vi mode.@item C-h@kindex 010 @kbd{C-h} (@code{vip-delete-backward-char}) (insert mode)Delete previous character.@item C-w@kindex 027 @kbd{C-w} (@code{vip-delete-backward-word}) (insert mode)Delete previous word.@item C-z@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-ESC}) (insert mode)Typing this key has the same effect as typing @key{ESC} in emacs mode.Thus typing @kbd{C-z x} in insert mode will have the same effect as typing@kbd{ESC x} in emacs mode.@end table@node Differences from Vi, Undoing, Insert Mode, Survey@section Differences from ViThe major differences from Vi are explained below.@menu* Undoing:: You can undo more in VIP.* Changing:: Commands for changing the text.* Searching:: Search commands.* z Command:: You can now use zH, zM and zL as well as z- etc.* Counts:: Some Vi commands which do not accept a count now accept one.* Marking:: You can now mark the current point, beginning of the buffer etc.* Region Commands:: You can now give a region as an argument for delete commands etc.* New Commands:: Some new commands not available in Vi are added.* New Bindings:: Bindings of some keys are changed for the convenience of editing under Emacs.* Window Commands:: Commands for moving among windows etc.* Buffer Commands:: Commands for selecting buffers etc.* File Commands:: Commands for visiting files etc.* Misc Commands:: Other useful commands.@end menu@node Undoing, Changing, Differences from Vi, Differences from Vi@subsection Undoing@kindex 165 @kbd{u} (@code{vip-undo})@kindex 056 @kbd{.} (@code{vip-repeat})You can repeat undoing by the @kbd{.} key. So, @kbd{u} will undoa single change, while @kbd{u .@: .@: .@:}, for instance, will undo 4 previouschanges. Undo is undoable as in Vi. So the content of the buffer willbe the same before and after @kbd{u u}.@refill@node Changing, Searching, Undoing, Differences from Vi@subsection ChangingSome commands which change a small number of characters are executedslightly differently. Thus, if point is at the beginning of a word@samp{foo} and you wished to change it to @samp{bar} by typing @w{@kbd{c w}},then VIP will prompt you for a new word in the minibuffer by the prompt@samp{foo => }. You can then enter @samp{bar} followed by @key{RET} or@key{ESC} to complete the command. Before you enter @key{RET} or@key{ESC} you can abort the command by typing @kbd{C-g}. In general,@kindex 007 @kbd{C-g} (@code{vip-keyboard-quit})you can abort a partially formed command by typing @kbd{C-g}.@refill@node Searching, z Command, Changing, Differences from Vi@subsection Searching@kindex 057 @kbd{/} (@code{vip-search-forward})@kindex 077 @kbd{?} (@code{vip-search-backward})As in Vi, searching is done by @kbd{/} and @kbd{?}. The string will besearched literally by default. To invoke a regular expression search,first execute the search command @kbd{/} (or @kbd{?}) with empty searchstring. (I.e, type @kbd{/} followed by @key{RET}.)A search for empty string will toggle the search mode between vanillasearch and regular expression search. You cannot give an offset to thesearch string. (It is a limitation.) By default, search will wrap aroundthe buffer as in Vi. You can change this by rebinding the variable@code{vip-search-wrap-around}. @xref{Customization}, for how to do this.@refill@node z Command, Counts, Searching, Differences from Vi@subsection z Command@kindex 1723 @kbd{z H} (@code{vip-line-to-top})@kindex 1721 @kbd{z RET} (@code{vip-line-to-top})@kindex 1723 @kbd{z M} (@code{vip-line-to-middle})@kindex 1722 @kbd{z .} (@code{vip-line-to-middle})@kindex 1723 @kbd{z L} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom})@kindex 1722 @kbd{z -} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom})For those of you who cannot remember which of @kbd{z} followed by @key{RET},@kbd{.}@: and @kbd{-} do what. You can also use @kbd{z} followed by @kbd{H},@kbd{M} and @kbd{L} to place the current line in the Home (Middle, andLast) line of the window.@refill@node Counts, Marking, z Command, Differences from Vi@subsection CountsSome Vi commands which do not accept a count now accept one@table @kbd@item p@itemx P@kindex 160 @kbd{p} (@code{vip-put-back})@kindex 120 @kbd{P} (@code{vip-Put-back})Given counts, text will be yanked (in Vi's sense) that many times. Thus@kbd{3 p} is the same as @kbd{p p p}.@item o@itemx O@kindex 157 @kbd{o} (@code{vip-open-line})@kindex 117 @kbd{O} (@code{vip-Open-line})Given counts, that many copies of text will be inserted. Thus@kbd{o a b c @key{ESC}} will insert 3 lines of @samp{abc} below the currentline.@item /@itemx ?@kindex 057 @kbd{/} (@code{vip-search-forward})@kindex 077 @kbd{?} (@code{vip-search-backward})Given a count @var{n}, @var{n}-th occurrence will be searched.@end table@node Marking, Region Commands, Counts, Differences from Vi@subsection MarkingTyping an @kbd{m} followed by a lower-case character @var{ch} marks thepoint to the register named @var{ch} as in Vi. In addition to these, wehave following key bindings for marking.@kindex 155 @kbd{m} (@code{vip-mark-point})@table @kbd@item m <Set mark at the beginning of buffer.@item m >Set mark at the end of buffer.@item m .Set mark at point (and push old mark on mark ring).@item m ,Jump to mark (and pop mark off the mark ring).@end table@node Region Commands, New Commands, Marking, Differences from Vi@subsection Region Commands@cindex regionVi operators like @kbd{d}, @kbd{c} etc. are usually used in combinationwith motion commands. It is now possible to use current region as theargument to these operators. (A @dfn{region} is a part of bufferdelimited by point and mark.) The key @kbd{r} is used for this purpose.Thus @kbd{d r} will delete the current region. If @kbd{R} is used insteadof @kbd{r} the region will first be enlarged so that it will become thesmallest region containing the original region and consisting of wholelines. Thus @kbd{m .@: d R} will have the same effect as @kbd{d d}.@refill@node New Commands, New Bindings, Region Commands, Differences from Vi@subsection Some New CommandsNote that the keys below (except for @kbd{R}) are not used in Vi.@table @kbd@item C-a@kindex 001 @kbd{C-a} (@code{vip-beginning-of-line})Move point to the beginning of line.@item C-n@kindex 016 @kbd{C-n} (@code{vip-next-window})If you have two or more windows in the screen, this key will move point tothe next window.@item C-o@kindex 017 @kbd{C-o} (@code{vip-open-line-at-point})Insert a newline and leave point before it, and then enter insert mode.@item C-r@kindex 022 @kbd{C-r} (@code{isearch-backward})Backward incremental search.@item C-s@kindex 023 @kbd{C-s} (@code{isearch-forward})Forward incremental search.@item C-c@itemx C-x@itemx @key{ESC}@kindex 003 @kbd{C-c} (@code{vip-ctl-c})@kindex 0300 @kbd{C-x} (@code{vip-ctl-x})@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-ESC})These keys will exit from vi mode and return to emacs mode temporarily. Ifyou hit one of these keys, Emacs will be in emacs mode and will believethat you hit that key in emacs mode. For example, if you hit @kbd{C-x}followed by @kbd{2}, then the current window will be split into 2 and youwill be in vi mode again.@item \@kindex 134 @kbd{\} (@code{vip-escape-to-emacs})Escape to emacs mode. Hitting @kbd{\} will take you to emacs mode, and youcan execute a single Emacs command. After executing the Emacs command youwill be in vi mode again. You can give a count before typing @kbd{\}.Thus @kbd{5 \ *}, as well as @kbd{\ C-u 5 *}, will insert @samp{*****}before point. Similarly @kbd{1 0 \ C-p} will move the point 10 lines abovethe current line.@refill@item K@kindex 113 @kbd{K} (@code{vip-kill-buffer})Kill current buffer if it is not modified. Useful when you selected abuffer which you did not want.@item Q@itemx R@kindex 121 @kbd{Q} (@code{vip-query-replace})@kindex 122 @kbd{R} (@code{vip-replace-string})@kbd{Q} is for query replace and @kbd{R} is for replace. By default,string to be replaced are treated literally. If you wish to do a regularexpression replace, first do replace with empty string as the string to bereplaced. In this way, you can toggle between vanilla and regularexpression replacement.@item v@itemx V@kindex 166 @kbd{v} (@code{vip-find-file})@kindex 126 @kbd{V} (@code{vip-find-file-other-window})These keys are used to Visit files. @kbd{v} will switch to a buffervisiting file whose name can be entered in the minibuffer. @kbd{V} issimilar, but will use window different from the current window.@item #@kindex 0430 @kbd{#} (@code{vip-command-argument})If followed by a certain character @var{ch}, it becomes an operator whoseargument is the region determined by the motion command that follows.Currently, @var{ch} can be one of @kbd{c}, @kbd{C}, @kbd{g}, @kbd{q} and@kbd{s}.@refill@item # c@kindex 0432 @kbd{# c} (@code{downcase-region})Change upper-case characters in the region to lower case(@code{downcase-region}).@item # C@kindex 0431 @kbd{# C} (@code{upcase-region})Change lower-case characters in the region to upper case. For instance,@kbd{# C 3 w} will capitalize 3 words from the current point(@code{upcase-region}).@item # g@kindex 0432 @kbd{# g} (@code{vip-global-execute})Execute last keyboard macro for each line in the region(@code{vip-global-execute}).@refill@item # q@kindex 0432 @kbd{# q} (@code{vip-quote-region})Insert specified string at the beginning of each line in the region(@code{vip-quote-region}).@item # s@kindex 0432 @kbd{# s} (@code{spell-region})Check spelling of words in the region (@code{spell-region}).@item *@kindex 052 @kbd{*} (@code{vip-call-last-kbd-macro})Call last keyboard macro.@end table@node New Bindings, Window Commands, New Commands, Differences from Vi@subsection New Key BindingsIn VIP the meanings of some keys are entirely different from Vi. These keybindings are done deliberately in the hope that editing under Emacs willbecome easier. It is however possible to rebind these keys to functionswhich behave similarly as in Vi. @xref{Customizing Key Bindings}, fordetails.@table @kbd@item C-g@itemx g@kindex 007 @kbd{C-g} (@code{vip-keyboard-quit})@kindex 147 @kbd{g} (@code{vip-info-on-file})In Vi, @kbd{C-g} is used to get information about the file associated tothe current buffer. Here, @kbd{g} will do that, and @kbd{C-g} isused to abort a command (this is for compatibility with emacs mode.)@item SPC@itemx @key{RET}@kindex 040 @kbd{SPC} (@code{vip-scroll})@kindex 015 @kbd{RET} (@code{vip-scroll-back})Now these keys will scroll up and down the text of current window.Convenient for viewing the text.@item s@itemx S@kindex 163 @kbd{s} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer})@kindex 123 @kbd{S} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window})They are used to switch to a specified buffer. Useful for switching toalready existing buffer since buffer name completion is provided. Alsoa default buffer will be given as part of the prompt, to which you canswitch by just typing @key{RET} key. @kbd{s} is used to select bufferin the current window, while @kbd{S} selects buffer in another window.@item C@itemx X@kindex 103 @kbd{C} (@code{vip-ctl-c-equivalent})@kindex 1300 @kbd{X} (@code{vip-ctl-x-equivalent})These keys will exit from vi mode and return to emacs mode temporarily.If you type @kbd{C} (@kbd{X}), Emacs will be in emacs mode and will believethat you have typed @kbd{C-c} (@kbd{C-x}, resp.) in emacs mode. Moreover,if the following character you type is an upper-case letter, then Emacswill believe that you have typed the corresponding control character.You will be in vi mode again after the command is executed. For example,typing @kbd{X S} in vi mode is the same as typing @kbd{C-x C-s} in emacsmode. You get the same effect by typing @kbd{C-x C-s} in vi mode, butthe idea here is that you can execute useful Emacs commands without typingcontrol characters. For example, if you hit @kbd{X} (or @kbd{C-x}) followedby @kbd{2}, then the current window will be split into 2 and you will be invi mode again.@refill@end tableIn addition to these, @code{ctl-x-map} is slightly modified:@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 3} (@code{vip-buffer-in-two-windows})@table @kbd@item X 3@itemx C-x 3This is equivalent to @kbd{C-x 1 C-x 2} (1 + 2 = 3).@end table@node Window Commands, Buffer Commands, New Bindings, Differences from Vi@subsection Window CommandsIn this and following subsections, we give a summary of key bindings forbasic functions related to windows, buffers and files.@table @kbd@item C-n@kindex 016 @kbd{C-n} (@code{vip-next-window})Switch to next window.@item X 1@itemx C-x 1@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 1} (@code{delete-other-windows})Delete other windows.@item X 2@itemx C-x 2@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 2} (@code{split-window-vertically})Split current window into two windows.@item X 3@itemx C-x 3@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 3} (@code{vip-buffer-in-two-windows})Show current buffer in two windows.@end table@node Buffer Commands, File Commands, Window Commands, Differences from Vi@subsection Buffer Commands@table @kbd@item s@kindex 163 @kbd{s} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer})Switch to the specified buffer in the current window(@code{vip-switch-to-buffer}).@item S@kindex 123 @kbd{S} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window})Switch to the specified buffer in another window(@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window}).@item K@kindex 113 @kbd{K} (@code{vip-kill-buffer})Kill the current buffer if it is not modified.@item X S@itemx C-x C-s@kindex 1302 @kbd{X S} (@code{save-buffer})Save the current buffer in the file associated to the buffer.@end table@node File Commands, Misc Commands, Buffer Commands, Differences from Vi@subsection File Commands@table @kbd@item v@kindex 166 @kbd{v} (@code{vip-find-file})Visit specified file in the current window.@item V@kindex 126 @kbd{V} (@code{vip-find-file-other-window})Visit specified file in another window.@item X W@itemx C-x C-w@kindex 1302 @kbd{X W} (@code{write-file})Write current buffer into the specified file.@item X I@itemx C-x C-i@kindex 1302 @kbd{X I} (@code{insert-file})Insert specified file at point.@end table@node Misc Commands, Vi Commands, File Commands, Differences from Vi@subsection Miscellaneous Commands@table @kbd@item X (@itemx C-x (@kindex 1301 @kbd{X (} (@code{start-kbd-macro})Start remembering keyboard macro.@item X )@itemx C-x )@kindex 1301 @kbd{X )} (@code{end-kbd-macro})Finish remembering keyboard macro.@item *@kindex 052 @kbd{*} (@code{vip-call-last-kbd-macro})Call last remembered keyboard macro.@item X Z@itemx C-x C-z@kindex 1302 @kbd{X Z} (@code{suspend-emacs})Suspend Emacs.@item Z ZExit Emacs.@itemx QQuery replace.@itemx RReplace.@end table@node Vi Commands, Numeric Arguments, Misc Commands, Top@chapter Vi CommandsThis chapter describes Vi commands other than Ex commands implemented inVIP. Except for the last section which discusses insert mode, all thecommands described in this chapter are to be used in vi mode.@menu* Numeric Arguments:: Many commands accept numeric arguments* Important Keys:: Some very important keys.* Buffers and Windows:: Commands for handling buffers and windows.* Files:: Commands for handling files.* Viewing the Buffer:: How you can view the current buffer.* Mark Commands:: Marking positions in a buffer.* Motion Commands:: Commands for moving point.* Searching and Replacing:: Commands for searching and replacing.* Modifying Commands:: Commands for modifying the buffer.* Other Vi Commands:: Miscellaneous Commands.* Commands in Insert Mode:: Commands for entering insert mode.@end menu@node Numeric Arguments, Important Keys, Vi Commands, Vi Commands@section Numeric Arguments@cindex numeric arguments@cindex count@kindex 061 @kbd{1} (numeric argument)@kindex 062 @kbd{2} (numeric argument)@kindex 063 @kbd{3} (numeric argument)@kindex 064 @kbd{4} (numeric argument)@kindex 065 @kbd{5} (numeric argument)@kindex 066 @kbd{6} (numeric argument)@kindex 067 @kbd{7} (numeric argument)@kindex 068 @kbd{8} (numeric argument)@kindex 069 @kbd{9} (numeric argument)Most Vi commands accept a @dfn{numeric argument} which can be supplied asa prefix to the commands. A numeric argument is also called a @dfn{count}.In many cases, if a count is given, the command is executed that many times.For instance, @kbd{5 d d} deletes 5 lines while simple @kbd{d d} deletes aline. In this manual the metavariable @var{n} will denote a count.@refill@node Important Keys, Buffers and Windows, Numeric Arguments, Vi Commands@section Important KeysThe keys @kbd{C-g} and @kbd{C-l} are unique in that their associatedfunctions are the same in any of emacs, vi and insert mode.@table @kbd@item C-g@kindex 007 @kbd{C-g} (@code{vip-keyboard-quit})Quit. Cancel running or partially typed command (@code{keyboard-quit}).@item C-l@kindex 014 @kbd{C-l} (@code{recenter})Clear the screen and reprint everything (@code{recenter}).@end tableIn Emacs many commands are bound to the key strokes that start with@kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-c} and @key{ESC}. These commands can beaccessed from vi mode as easily as from emacs mode.@refill@table @kbd@item C-x@itemx C-c@itemx @key{ESC}@kindex 003 @kbd{C-c} (@code{vip-ctl-c})@kindex 0300 @kbd{C-x} (@code{vip-ctl-x})@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-ESC})Typing one of these keys have the same effect as typing it in emacs mode.Appropriate command will be executed according as the keys you type afterit. You will be in vi mode again after the execution of the command.For instance, if you type @kbd{@key{ESC} <} (in vi mode) then the cursor willmove to the beginning of the buffer and you will still be in vi mode.@item C@itemx X@kindex 103 @kbd{C} (@code{vip-ctl-c-equivalent})@kindex 1300 @kbd{X} (@code{vip-ctl-x-equivalent})Typing one of these keys have the effect of typing the correspondingcontrol character in emacs mode. Moreover, if you type an upper-casecharacter following it, that character will also be translated to thecorresponding control character. Thus typing @kbd{X W} in vi mode is thesame as typing @kbd{C-x C-w} in emacs mode. You will be in vi mode againafter the execution of a command.@item \@kindex 134 @kbd{\} (@code{vip-escape-to-emacs})Escape to emacs mode. Hitting the @kbd{\} key will take you to emacs mode,and you can execute a single Emacs command. After executing theEmacs command you will be in vi mode again. You can give a count beforetyping @kbd{\}. Thus @kbd{5 \ +}, as well as @kbd{\ C-u 5 +}, will insert@samp{+++++} before point.@refill@end table@node Buffers and Windows, Files, Important Keys, Vi Commands@section Buffers and Windows@cindex buffer@cindex selected buffer@cindex current bufferIn Emacs the text you edit is stored in a @dfn{buffer}.See GNU Emacs Manual, for details. There is always one @dfn{current}buffer, also called the @dfn{selected buffer}.@refill@cindex window@cindex modified (buffer)You can see the contents of buffers through @dfn{windows} created by Emacs.When you have multiple windows on the screen only one of them is selected.Each buffer has a unique name, and each window has a mode line which showsthe name of the buffer associated with the window and other informationabout the status of the buffer. You can change the format of the modeline, but normally if you see @samp{**} at the beginning of a mode line itmeans that the buffer is @dfn{modified}. If you write out the content ofthe buffer to a file, then the buffer will become not modified. Also ifyou see @samp{%%} at the beginning of the mode line, it means that the fileassociated with the buffer is write protected.We have the following commands related to windows and buffers.@table @kbd@item C-n@kindex 016 @kbd{C-n} (@code{vip-next-window})Move cursor to the next-window (@code{vip-next-window}).@item X 1@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 1} (@code{delete-other-windows})Delete other windows and make the selected window fill the screen@*(@code{delete-other-windows}).@item X 2@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 2} (@code{split-window-vertically})Split current window into two windows (@code{split-window-vertically}).@item X 3@kindex 1301 @kbd{X 3} (@code{vip-buffer-in-two-windows})Show current buffer in two windows.@item s @var{buffer} @key{RET}@kindex 163 @kbd{s} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer})Select or create a buffer named @var{buffer} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer}).@item S @var{buffer} @key{RET}@kindex 123 @kbd{S} (@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window})Similar but select a buffer named @var{buffer} in another window@*(@code{vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window}).@item K@kindex 113 @kbd{K} (@code{vip-kill-buffer})Kill the current buffer if it is not modified or if it is not associatedwith a file @*(@code{vip-kill-buffer}).@item X B@kindex 1302 @kbd{X B} (@code{list-buffers})List the existing buffers (@code{list-buffers}).@end table@cindex buffer name completionAs @dfn{buffer name completion} is provided, you have only to type ininitial substring of the buffer name which is sufficient to identify itamong names of existing buffers. After that, if you hit @key{TAB} the restof the buffer name will be supplied by the system, and you can confirm itby @key{RET}. The default buffer name to switch to will also be prompted,and you can select it by giving a simple @key{RET}. See GNU Emacs Manualfor details of completion.@node Files, Viewing the Buffer, Buffers and Windows, Vi Commands@section FilesWe have the following commands related to files. They are used to visit,save and insert files.@table @kbd@item v @var{file} @key{RET}@kindex 166 @kbd{v} (@code{vip-find-file})Visit specified file in the current window (@code{vip-find-file}).@item V @var{file} @key{RET}@kindex 126 @kbd{V} (@code{vip-find-file-other-window})Visit specified file in another window (@code{vip-find-file-other-window}).@item X S@kindex 1302 @kbd{X S} (@code{save-buffer})Save current buffer to the file associated with the buffer. If no file isassociated with the buffer, the name of the file to write out the contentof the buffer will be asked in the minibuffer.@item X W @var{file} @key{RET}@kindex 1302 @kbd{X W} (@code{write-file})Write current buffer into a specified file.@item X I @var{file} @key{RET}@kindex 1302 @kbd{X I} (@code{insert-file})Insert a specified file at point.@item g@kindex 147 @kbd{g} (@code{vip-info-on-file})Give information on the file associated with the current buffer. Tell youthe name of the file associated with the buffer, the line number of thecurrent point and total line numbers in the buffer. If no file isassociated with the buffer, this fact will be indicated by the null filename @samp{""}.@end table@cindex visiting (a file)@cindex default directoryIn Emacs, you can edit a file by @dfn{visiting} it. If you wish to visit afile in the current window, you can just type @kbd{v}. Emacs maintains the@dfn{default directory} which is specific to each buffer. Suppose, forinstance, that the default directory of the current buffer is@file{/usr/masahiko/lisp/}. Then you will get the following prompt in theminibuffer.@refill@examplevisit file: /usr/masahiko/lisp/@end example@noindent@cindex file name completionIf you wish to visit, say, @file{vip.el} in this directory, then you canjust type @samp{vip.el} followed by @key{RET}. If the file @file{vip.el}already exists in the directory, Emacs will visit that file, and if not,the file will be created. Emacs will use the file name (@file{vip.el}, inthis case) as the name of the buffer visiting the file. In order to makethe buffer name unique, Emacs may append @samp{<2>}, @samp{<3>} etc., tothe buffer name. As the @dfn{file name completion} is provided here, youcan sometime save typing. For instance, suppose there is only one file in thedefault directory whose name starts with @samp{v}, that is @samp{vip.el}.Then if you just type @kbd{v @key{TAB}} then it will be completed to@samp{vip.el}. Thus, in this case, you just have to type @kbd{v v @key{TAB}@key{RET}} to visit @file{/usr/masahiko/lisp/vip.el}. Continuing theexample, let us now suppose that you wished to visit the file@file{/usr/masahiko/man/vip.texinfo}. Then to the same prompt which you getafter you typed @kbd{v}, you can enter @samp{/usr/masahiko/man/vip.texinfo} or@samp{../man/vip.texinfo} followed by @key{RET}.Use @kbd{V} instead of @kbd{v}, if you wish to visit a file in anotherwindow.You can verify which file you are editing by typing @kbd{g}. (You can alsotype @kbd{X B} to get nformation on other buffers too.) If you type@kbd{g} you will get an information like below in the echo area:@refill@example"/usr/masahiko/man/vip.texinfo" line 921 of 1949@end exampleAfter you edited the buffer (@samp{vip.texinfo}, in our example) for a while,you may wish to save it in a file. If you wish to save it in the fileassociated with the buffer (@file{/usr/masahiko/man/vip.texinfo}, in thiscase), you can just say @kbd{X S}. If you wish to save it in another file,you can type @kbd{X W}. You will then get a similar prompt as you get for@kbd{v}, to which you can enter the file name.@refill@node Viewing the Buffer, Mark Commands, Files, Vi Commands@section Viewing the BufferIn this and next section we discuss commands for moving around in thebuffer. These command do not change the content of the buffer. Thefollowing commands are useful for viewing the content of the currentbuffer.@table @kbd@item @key{SPC}@itemx C-f@kindex 040 @kbd{SPC} (@code{vip-scroll})@kindex 006 @kbd{C-f} (@code{vip-scroll-back})Scroll text of current window upward almost full screen. You can go@i{forward} in the buffer by this command (@code{vip-scroll}).@item @key{RET}@itemx C-b@kindex 015 @kbd{RET} (@code{vip-scroll-back})@kindex 002 @kbd{C-b} (@code{vip-scroll-back})Scroll text of current window downward almost full screen. You can go@i{backward} in the buffer by this command (@code{vip-scroll-back}).@itemx C-d@kindex 004 @kbd{C-d} (@code{vip-scroll-up})Scroll text of current window upward half screen. You can go@i{down} in the buffer by this command (@code{vip-scroll-down}).@itemx C-u@kindex 025 @kbd{C-u} (@code{vip-scroll-down})Scroll text of current window downward half screen. You can go@i{up} in the buffer by this command (@code{vip-scroll-up}).@item C-y@kindex 031 @kbd{C-y} (@code{vip-scroll-down-one})Scroll text of current window upward by one line (@code{vip-scroll-down-one}).@item C-e@kindex 005 @kbd{C-e} (@code{vip-scroll-up-one})Scroll text of current window downward by one line (@code{vip-scroll-up-one}).@end table@noindentYou can repeat these commands by giving a count. Thus, @kbd{2 @key{SPC}}has the same effect as @kbd{@key{SPC} @key{SPC}}.The following commands reposition point in the window.@table @kbd@item z H@itemx z @key{RET}@kindex 1723 @kbd{z H} (@code{vip-line-to-top})@kindex 1721 @kbd{z RET} (@code{vip-line-to-top})Put point on the top (@i{home}) line in the window. So the current linebecomes the top line in the window. Given a count @var{n}, point will beplaced in the @var{n}-th line from top (@code{vip-line-to-top}).@item z M@itemx z .@kindex 1723 @kbd{z M} (@code{vip-line-to-middle})@kindex 1722 @kbd{z .} (@code{vip-line-to-middle})Put point on the @i{middle} line in the window. Given a count @var{n},point will be placed in the @var{n}-th line from the middle line(@code{vip-line-to-middle}).@item z L@itemx z -@kindex 1723 @kbd{z L} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom})@kindex 1722 @kbd{z -} (@code{vip-line-to-bottom})Put point on the @i{bottom} line in the window. Given a count @var{n},point will be placed in the @var{n}-th line from bottom(@code{vip-line-to-bottom}).@item C-lCenter point in window and redisplay screen (@code{recenter}).@end table@node Mark Commands, Motion Commands, Viewing the Buffer, Vi Commands@section Mark CommandsThe following commands are used to mark positions in the buffer.@table @kbd@item m @var{ch}@kindex 155 @kbd{m} (@code{vip-mark-point})Store current point in the register @var{ch}. @var{ch} must be alower-case @acronym{ASCII} letter.@item m <Set mark at the beginning of current buffer.@item m >Set mark at the end of current buffer.@item m .Set mark at point.@item m ,Jump to mark (and pop mark off the mark ring).@end table@cindex mark ringEmacs uses the @dfn{mark ring} to store marked positions. The commands@kbd{m <}, @kbd{m >} and @kbd{m .}@: not only set mark but also add it as thelatest element of the mark ring (replacing the oldest one). By repeatingthe command `@kbd{m ,}' you can visit older and older marked positions. Youwill eventually be in a loop as the mark ring is a ring.@node Motion Commands, Searching and Replacing, Mark Commands, Vi Commands@section Motion CommandsCommands for moving around in the current buffer are collected here. Thesecommands are used as an `argument' for the delete, change and yank commandsto be described in the next section.@table @kbd@item h@kindex 150 @kbd{h} (@code{vip-backward-char})Move point backward by one character. Signal error if point is at thebeginning of buffer, but (unlike Vi) do not complain otherwise(@code{vip-backward-char}).@item l@kindex 154 @kbd{l} (@code{vip-forward-char})Move point backward by one character. Signal error if point is at theend of buffer, but (unlike Vi) do not complain otherwise(@code{vip-forward-char}).@item j@kindex 152 @kbd{j} (@code{vip-next-line})Move point to the next line keeping the current column. If point is on thelast line of the buffer, a new line will be created and point will move tothat line (@code{vip-next-line}).@item k@kindex 153 @kbd{k} (@code{vip-previous-line})Move point to the previous line keeping the current column(@code{vip-next-line}).@item +@kindex 053 @kbd{+} (@code{vip-next-line-at-bol})Move point to the next line at the first non-white character. If point ison the last line of the buffer, a new line will be created and point willmove to the beginning of that line (@code{vip-next-line-at-bol}).@item -@kindex 055 @kbd{-} (@code{vip-previous-line-at-bol})Move point to the previous line at the first non-white character(@code{vip-previous-line-at-bol}).@end table@noindentIf a count is given to these commands, the commands will be repeated thatmany times.@table @kbd@item 0@kindex 060 @kbd{0} (@code{vip-beginning-of-line})Move point to the beginning of line (@code{vip-beginning-of-line}).@item ^@kindex 136 @kbd{^} (@code{vip-bol-and-skip-white})Move point to the first non-white character on the line(@code{vip-bol-and-skip-white}).@item $@kindex 044 @kbd{$} (@code{vip-goto-eol})Move point to the end of line (@code{vip-goto-eol}).@item @var{n} |@kindex 174 @kbd{|} (@code{vip-goto-col})Move point to the @var{n}-th column on the line (@code{vip-goto-col}).@end table@noindentExcept for the @kbd{|} command, these commands neglect a count.@cindex word@table @kbd@item w@kindex 167 @kbd{w} (@code{vip-forward-word})Move point forward to the beginning of the next word(@code{vip-forward-word}).@item W@kindex 127 @kbd{W} (@code{vip-forward-Word})Move point forward to the beginning of the next word, where a @dfn{word} isconsidered as a sequence of non-white characters (@code{vip-forward-Word}).@item b@kindex 142 @kbd{b} (@code{vip-backward-word})Move point backward to the beginning of a word (@code{vip-backward-word}).@item B@kindex 102 @kbd{B} (@code{vip-backward-Word})Move point backward to the beginning of a word, where a @i{word} isconsidered as a sequence of non-white characters (@code{vip-forward-Word}).@item e@kindex 145 @kbd{e} (@code{vip-end-of-word})Move point forward to the end of a word (@code{vip-end-of-word}).@item E@kindex 105 @kbd{E} (@code{vip-end-of-Word})Move point forward to the end of a word, where a @i{word} isconsidered as a sequence of non-white characters (@code{vip-end-of-Word}).@end table@noindent@cindex syntax tableHere the meaning of the word `word' for the @kbd{w}, @kbd{b} and @kbd{e}commands is determined by the @dfn{syntax table} effective in the currentbuffer. Each major mode has its syntax mode, and therefore the meaning ofa word also changes as the major mode changes. See GNU Emacs Manual fordetails of syntax table.@table @kbd@item H@kindex 110 @kbd{H} (@code{vip-window-top})Move point to the beginning of the @i{home} (top) line of the window.Given a count @var{n}, go to the @var{n}-th line from top(@code{vip-window-top}).@item M@kindex 115 @kbd{M} (@code{vip-window-middle})Move point to the beginning of the @i{middle} line of the window. Givena count @var{n}, go to the @var{n}-th line from the middle line(@code{vip-window-middle}).@item L@kindex 114 @kbd{L} (@code{vip-window-bottom})Move point to the beginning of the @i{lowest} (bottom) line of thewindow. Given count, go to the @var{n}-th line from bottom(@code{vip-window-bottom}).@end table@noindentThese commands can be used to go to the desired line visible on the screen.@table @kbd@item (@kindex 050 @kbd{(} (@code{vip-backward-sentence})Move point backward to the beginning of the sentence(@code{vip-backward-sentence}).@item )@kindex 051 @kbd{)} (@code{vip-forward-sentence})Move point forward to the end of the sentence(@code{vip-forward-sentence}).@item @{@kindex 173 @kbd{@{} (@code{vip-backward-paragraph})Move point backward to the beginning of the paragraph(@code{vip-backward-paragraph}).@item @}@kindex 175 @kbd{@}} (@code{vip-forward-paragraph})Move point forward to the end of the paragraph(@code{vip-forward-paragraph}).@end table@noindentA count repeats the effect for these commands.@table @kbd@item G@kindex 107 @kbd{G} (@code{vip-goto-line})Given a count @var{n}, move point to the @var{n}-th line in the buffer onthe first non-white character. Without a count, go to the end of the buffer(@code{vip-goto-line}).@item ` `@kindex 140 @kbd{`} (@code{vip-goto-mark})Exchange point and mark (@code{vip-goto-mark}).@item ` @var{ch}Move point to the position stored in the register @var{ch}. @var{ch} mustbe a lower-case letter.@item ' '@kindex 047 @kbd{'} (@code{vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white})Exchange point and mark, and then move point to the first non-whitecharacter on the line (@code{vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white}).@item ' @var{ch}Move point to the position stored in the register @var{ch} and skip to thefirst non-white character on the line. @var{ch} must be a lower-case letter.@item %@kindex 045 @kbd{%} (@code{vip-paren-match})Move point to the matching parenthesis if point is looking at @kbd{(},@kbd{)}, @kbd{@{}, @kbd{@}}, @kbd{[} or @kbd{]}@*(@code{vip-paren-match}).@end table@noindentThe command @kbd{G} mark point before move, so that you can return to theoriginal point by @kbd{` `}. The original point will also be stored inthe mark ring.The following commands are useful for moving points on the line. A countwill repeat the effect.@table @kbd@item f @var{ch}@kindex 146 @kbd{f} (@code{vip-find-char-forward})Move point forward to the character @var{ch} on the line. Signal error if@var{ch} could not be found (@code{vip-find-char-forward}).@item F @var{ch}@kindex 106 @kbd{F} (@code{vip-find-char-backward})Move point backward to the character @var{ch} on the line. Signal error if@var{ch} could not be found (@code{vip-find-char-backward}).@item t @var{ch}@kindex 164 @kbd{t} (@code{vip-goto-char-forward})Move point forward upto the character @var{ch} on the line. Signal error if@var{ch} could not be found (@code{vip-goto-char-forward}).@item T @var{ch}@kindex 124 @kbd{T} (@code{vip-goto-char-backward})Move point backward upto the character @var{ch} on the line. Signal error if@var{ch} could not be found (@code{vip-goto-char-backward}).@item ;@kindex 073 @kbd{;} (@code{vip-repeat-find})Repeat previous @kbd{f}, @kbd{t}, @kbd{F} or @kbd{T} command(@code{vip-repeat-find}).@item ,@kindex 054 @kbd{,} (@code{vip-repeat-find-opposite})Repeat previous @kbd{f}, @kbd{t}, @kbd{F} or @kbd{T} command, in theopposite direction (@code{vip-repeat-find-opposite}).@end table@node Searching and Replacing, Modifying Commands, Motion Commands, Vi Commands@section Searching and ReplacingFollowing commands are available for searching and replacing.@cindex regular expression (search)@table @kbd@item / @var{string} @key{RET}@kindex 057 @kbd{/} (@code{vip-search-forward})Search the first occurrence of the string @var{string} forward startingfrom point. Given a count @var{n}, the @var{n}-th occurrence of@var{string} will be searched. If the variable @code{vip-re-search} has value@code{t} then @dfn{regular expression} search is done and the stringmatching the regular expression @var{string} is found. If you give anempty string as @var{string} then the search mode will change from vanillasearch to regular expression search and vice versa(@code{vip-search-forward}).@item ? @var{string} @key{RET}@kindex 077 @kbd{?} (@code{vip-search-backward})Same as @kbd{/}, except that search is done backward(@code{vip-search-backward}).@item n@kindex 156 @kbd{n} (@code{vip-search-next})Search the previous search pattern in the same direction as before(@code{vip-search-next}).@item N@kindex 116 @kbd{N} (@code{vip-search-Next})Search the previous search pattern in the opposite direction(@code{vip-search-Next}).@item C-s@kindex 023 @kbd{C-s} (@code{isearch-forward})Search forward incrementally. See GNU Emacs Manual for details(@code{isearch-forward}).@item C-r@kindex 022 @kbd{C-r} (@code{isearch-backward})Search backward incrementally (@code{isearch-backward}).@cindex vanilla (replacement)@cindex regular expression (replacement)@item R @var{string} RET @var{newstring}@kindex 122 @kbd{R} (@code{vip-replace-string})There are two modes of replacement, @dfn{vanilla} and @dfn{regular expression}.If the mode is @i{vanilla} you will get a prompt @samp{Replace string:},and if the mode is @i{regular expression} you will ge a prompt@samp{Replace regexp:}. The mode is initially @i{vanilla}, but you cantoggle these modes by giving a null string as @var{string}. If the mode isvanilla, this command replaces every occurrence of @var{string} with@var{newstring}. If the mode is regular expression, @var{string} istreated as a regular expression and every string matching the regularexpression is replaced with @var{newstring} (@code{vip-replace-string}).@item Q @var{string} RET @var{newstring}@kindex 121 @kbd{Q} (@code{vip-query-replace})Same as @kbd{R} except that you will be asked form confirmation before eachreplacement@*(@code{vip-query-replace}).@item r @var{ch}@kindex 162 @kbd{r} (@code{vip-replace-char})Replace the character point is looking at by the character @var{ch}. Givecount, replace that many characters by @var{ch} (@code{vip-replace-char}).@end table@noindentThe commands @kbd{/} and @kbd{?} mark point before move, so that you canreturn to the original point by @w{@kbd{` `}}.@node Modifying Commands, Delete Commands, Searching and Replacing, Vi Commands@section Modifying CommandsIn this section, commands for modifying the content of a buffer aredescribed. These commands affect the region determined by a motion commandwhich is given to the commands as their argument.@cindex point commands@cindex line commandsWe classify motion commands into @dfn{point commands} and@dfn{line commands}. The point commands are as follows:@example@kbd{h}, @kbd{l}, @kbd{0}, @kbd{^}, @kbd{$}, @kbd{w}, @kbd{W}, @kbd{b}, @kbd{B}, @kbd{e}, @kbd{E}, @kbd{(}, @kbd{)}, @kbd{/}, @kbd{?}, @kbd{`}, @kbd{f}, @kbd{F}, @kbd{t}, @kbd{T}, @kbd{%}, @kbd{;}, @kbd{,}@end example@noindentThe line commands are as follows:@example@kbd{j}, @kbd{k}, @kbd{+}, @kbd{-}, @kbd{H}, @kbd{M}, @kbd{L}, @kbd{@{}, @kbd{@}}, @kbd{G}, @kbd{'}@end example@noindent@cindex expanding (region)If a point command is given as an argument to a modifying command, theregion determined by the point command will be affected by the modifyingcommand. On the other hand, if a line command is given as an argument to amodifying command, the region determined by the line command will beenlarged so that it will become the smallest region properly containing theregion and consisting of whole lines (we call this process @dfn{expandingthe region}), and then the enlarged region will be affected by the modifyingcommand.@menu* Delete Commands:: Commands for deleting text.* Yank Commands:: Commands for yanking text in Vi's sense.* Put Back Commands:: Commands for putting back deleted/yanked text.* Change Commands:: Commands for changing text.* Repeating and Undoing Modifications::@end menu@node Delete Commands, Yank Commands, Modifying Commands, Modifying Commands@subsection Delete Commands@table @kbd@item d @var{motion-command}@kindex 1440 @kbd{d} (@code{vip-command-argument})Delete the region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command}.@end table@noindentFor example, @kbd{d $} will delete the region between point and end ofcurrent line since @kbd{$} is a point command that moves point to end of line.@kbd{d G} will delete the region between the beginning of current line andend of the buffer, since @kbd{G} is a line command. A count given to thecommand above will become the count for the associated motion command.Thus, @kbd{3 d w} will delete three words.@kindex 042 @kbd{"} (@code{vip-command-argument})It is also possible to save the deleted text into a register you specify.For example, you can say @kbd{" t 3 d w} to delete three words and save itto register @kbd{t}. The name of a register is a lower-case letter between@kbd{a} and @kbd{z}. If you give an upper-case letter as an argument toa delete command, then the deleted text will be appended to the content ofthe register having the corresponding lower-case letter as its name. So,@kbd{" T d w} will delete a word and append it to register @kbd{t}. Othermodifying commands also accept a register name as their argument, and wewill not repeat similar explanations.We have more delete commands as below.@table @kbd@item d d@kindex 1442 @kbd{d d}Delete a line. Given a count @var{n}, delete @var{n} lines.@item d r@kindex 1442 @kbd{d r}Delete current region.@item d R@kindex 1441 @kbd{d R}Expand current region and delete it.@item D@kindex 104 @kbd{D} (@code{vip-kill-line})Delete to the end of a line (@code{vip-kill-line}).@item x@kindex 170 @kbd{x} (@code{vip-delete-char})Delete a character after point. Given @var{n}, delete @var{n} characters(@code{vip-delete-char}).@item @key{DEL}@kindex 177 @kbd{DEL} (@code{vip-delete-backward-char})Delete a character before point. Given @var{n}, delete @var{n} characters(@code{vip-delete-backward-char}).@end table@node Yank Commands, Put Back Commands, Delete Commands, Modifying Commands@subsection Yank Commands@cindex yankYank commands @dfn{yank} a text of buffer into a (usually anonymous) register.Here the word `yank' is used in Vi's sense. Thus yank commands do notalter the content of the buffer, and useful only in combination withcommands that put back the yanked text into the buffer.@table @kbd@item y @var{motion-command}@kindex 1710 @kbd{y} (@code{vip-command-argument})Yank the region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command}.@end table@noindentFor example, @kbd{y $} will yank the text between point and the end of lineinto an anonymous register, while @kbd{"c y $} will yank the same text intoregister @kbd{c}.Use the following command to yank consecutive lines of text.@table @kbd@item y y@itemx Y@kindex 131 @kbd{Y} (@code{vip-yank-line})@kindex 1712 @kbd{y y} (@code{vip-yank-line})Yank a line. Given @var{n}, yank @var{n} lines (@code{vip-yank-line}).@item y r@kindex 1712 @kbd{y r}Yank current region.@item y R@kindex 1711 @kbd{y R}Expand current region and yank it.@end table@node Put Back Commands, Change Commands, Yank Commands, Modifying Commands@subsection Put Back CommandsDeleted or yanked texts can be put back into the buffer by the commandbelow.@table @kbd@item p@kindex 160 @kbd{p} (@code{vip-put-back})Insert, after the character point is looking at, most recentlydeleted/yanked text from anonymous register. Given a register nameargument, the content of the named register will be put back. Given acount, the command will be repeated that many times. This command alsochecks if the text to put back ends with a new line character, and if sothe text will be put below the current line (@code{vip-put-back}).@item P@kindex 120 @kbd{P} (@code{vip-Put-back})Insert at point most recently deleted/yanked text from anonymous register.Given a register name argument, the content of the named register willbe put back. Given a count, the command will be repeated that many times.This command also checks if the text to put back ends with a new linecharacter, and if so the text will be put above the current line ratherthan at point (@code{vip-Put-back}).@end table@noindent@cindex number registerThus, @kbd{" c p} will put back the content of the register @kbd{c} into thebuffer. It is also possible to specify @dfn{number register} which is anumeral between @kbd{1} and @kbd{9}. If the number register @var{n} isspecified, @var{n}-th previously deleted/yanked text will be put back. Itis an error to specify a number register for the delete/yank commands.@node Change Commands, Repeating and Undoing Modifications, Put Back Commands, Modifying Commands@subsection Change CommandsMost commonly used change command takes the following form.@table @kbd@item c @var{motion-command}@kindex 1430 @kbd{c} (@code{vip-command-argument})Replace the content of the region determined by the motion command@var{motion-command} by the text you type. If the motion command is apoint command then you will type the text into minibuffer, and if themotion command is a line command then the region will be deleted first andyou can insert the text in @var{insert mode}.@end table@noindentFor example, if point is at the beginning of a word @samp{foo} and youwish to change it to @samp{bar}, you can type @kbd{c w}. Then, as @kbd{w}is a point command, you will get the prompt @samp{foo =>} in theminibuffer, for which you can type @kbd{b a r @key{RET}} to complete the changecommand.@refill@table @kbd@item c c@kindex 1432 @kbd{c c}Change a line. Given a count, that many lines are changed.@item c r@kindex 1432 @kbd{c r}Change current region.@item c R@kindex 1431 @kbd{c R}Expand current region and change it.@end table@node Repeating and Undoing Modifications, Other Vi Commands, Change Commands, Modifying Commands@subsection Repeating and Undoing ModificationsVIP records the previous modifying command, so that it is easy to repeatit. It is also very easy to undo changes made by modifying commands.@table @kbd@item u@kindex 165 @kbd{u} (@code{vip-undo})Undo the last change. You can undo more by repeating undo by the repeatcommand @samp{.}. For example, you can undo 5 previous changes by typing@samp{u....}. If you type @samp{uu}, then the second @samp{u} undoes thefirst undo command (@code{vip-undo}).@item .@kindex 056 @kbd{.} (@code{vip-repeat})Repeat the last modifying command. Given count @var{n} it becomes the newcount for the repeated command. Otherwise, the count for the lastmodifying command is used again (@code{vip-repeat}).@end table@node Other Vi Commands, Commands in Insert Mode, Repeating and Undoing Modifications, Vi Commands@section Other Vi CommandsMiscellaneous Vi commands are collected here.@table @kbd@item Z Z@kindex 132 @kbd{Z Z} (@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs})Exit Emacs. If modified buffers exist, you will be asked whether you wishto save them or not (@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}).@item !@: @var{motion-command} @var{format-command}@itemx @var{n} !@: !@: @var{format-command}@kindex 041 @kbd{!} (@code{vip-command-argument})The region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command} will begiven to the shell command @var{format-command} and the region will bereplaced by its output. If a count is given, it will be passed to@var{motion-command}. For example, @samp{3!Gsort} will sort the regionbetween point and the 3rd line. If @kbd{!} is used instead of@var{motion-command} then @var{n} lines will be processed by@var{format-command} (@code{vip-command-argument}).@item J@kindex 112 @kbd{J} (@code{vip-join-lines})Join two lines. Given count, join that many lines. A space will beinserted at each junction (@code{vip-join-lines}).@item < @var{motion-command}@itemx @var{n} < <@kindex 074 @kbd{<} (@code{vip-command-argument})Shift region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command} toleft by @var{shift-width} (default is 8). If @kbd{<} is used instead of@var{motion-command} then shift @var{n} lines@*(@code{vip-command-argument}).@item > @var{motion-command}@itemx @var{n} > >@kindex 076 @kbd{>} (@code{vip-command-argument})Shift region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command} toright by @var{shift-width} (default is 8). If @kbd{<} is used instead of@var{motion-command} then shift @var{n} lines@*(@code{vip-command-argument}).@item = @var{motion-command}@kindex 075 @kbd{=} (@code{vip-command-argument})Indent region determined by the motion command @var{motion-command}. If@kbd{=} is used instead of @var{motion-command} then indent @var{n} lines(@code{vip-command-argument}).@item *@kindex 052 @kbd{*} (@code{vip-call-last-kbd-macro})Call last remembered keyboard macro.@item #A new vi operator. @xref{New Commands}, for more details.@end tableThe following keys are reserved for future extensions, and currentlyassigned to a function that just beeps (@code{vip-nil}).@kindex 046 @kbd{&} (@code{vip-nil})@kindex 100 @kbd{@@} (@code{vip-nil})@kindex 125 @kbd{U} (@code{vip-nil})@kindex 133 @kbd{[} (@code{vip-nil})@kindex 135 @kbd{]} (@code{vip-nil})@kindex 137 @kbd{_} (@code{vip-nil})@kindex 161 @kbd{q} (@code{vip-nil})@kindex 176 @kbd{~} (@code{vip-nil})@example&, @@, U, [, ], _, q, ~@end exampleVIP uses a special local keymap to interpret key strokes you enter in vimode. The following keys are bound to @var{nil} in the keymap. Therefore,these keys are interpreted by the global keymap of Emacs. We give below ashort description of the functions bound to these keys in the globalkeymap. See GNU Emacs Manual for details.@table @kbd@item C-@@@kindex 000 @kbd{C-@@} (@code{set-mark-command})Set mark and push previous mark on mark ring (@code{set-mark-command}).@item TAB@kindex 011 @kbd{TAB} (@code{indent-for-tab-command})Indent line for current major mode (@code{indent-for-tab-command}).@item C-j@kindex 012 @kbd{C-j} (@code{newline-and-indent})Insert a newline, then indent according to mode (@code{newline-and-indent}).@item C-k@kindex 013 @kbd{C-k} (@code{kill-line})Kill the rest of the current line; before a newline, kill the newline.With a numeric argument, kill that many lines from point. Negative argumentskill lines backward (@code{kill-line}).@item C-l@kindex 014 @kbd{C-l} (@code{recenter})Clear the screen and reprint everything (@code{recenter}).@item @var{n} C-p@kindex 020 @kbd{C-p} (@code{previous-line})Move cursor vertically up @var{n} lines (@code{previous-line}).@item C-q@kindex 021 @kbd{C-q} (@code{quoted-insert})Read next input character and insert it. Useful for inserting controlcharacters@*(@code{quoted-insert}).@item C-r@kindex 022 @kbd{C-r} (@code{isearch-backward})Search backward incrementally (@code{isearch-backward}).@item C-s@kindex 023 @kbd{C-s} (@code{isearch-forward})Search forward incrementally (@code{isearch-forward}).@item @var{n} C-t@kindex 024 @kbd{C-t} (@code{transpose-chars})Interchange characters around point, moving forward one character. Withcount @var{n}, take character before point and drag it forward past @var{n}other characters. If no argument and at end of line, the previous twocharacters are exchanged (@code{transpose-chars}).@item @var{n} C-v@kindex 026 @kbd{C-v} (@code{scroll-up})Scroll text upward @var{n} lines. If @var{n} is not given, scroll nearfull screen (@code{scroll-up}).@item C-w@kindex 027 @kbd{C-w} (@code{kill-region})Kill between point and mark. The text is save in the kill ring. Thecommand @kbd{P} or @kbd{p} can retrieve it from kill ring(@code{kill-region}).@end table@node Commands in Insert Mode, Ex Commands, Other Vi Commands, Vi Commands@section Insert ModeYou can enter insert mode by one of the following commands. In addition tothese, you will enter insert mode if you give a change command with a linecommand as the motion command. Insert commands are also modifying commandsand you can repeat them by the repeat command @kbd{.} (@code{vip-repeat}).@table @kbd@item i@kindex 151 @kbd{i} (@code{vip-insert})Enter insert mode at point (@code{vip-insert}).@item I@kindex 111 @kbd{I} (@code{vip-Insert})Enter insert mode at the first non white character on the line(@code{vip-Insert}).@item a@kindex 141 @kbd{a} (@code{vip-append})Move point forward by one character and then enter insert mode(@code{vip-append}).@item A@kindex 101 @kbd{A} (@code{vip-Append})Enter insert mode at end of line (@code{vip-Append}).@item o@kindex 157 @kbd{o} (@code{vip-open-line})Open a new line below the current line and enter insert mode(@code{vip-open-line}).@item O@kindex 117 @kbd{O} (@code{vip-Open-line})Open a new line above the current line and enter insert mode(@code{vip-Open-line}).@item C-o@kindex 017 @kbd{C-o} (@code{vip-open-line-at-point})Insert a newline and leave point before it, and then enter insert mode@*(@code{vip-open-line-at-point}).@end tableInsert mode is almost like emacs mode. Only the following 4 keys behavedifferently from emacs mode.@table @kbd@item @key{ESC}@kindex 033 @kbd{ESC} (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}) (insert mode)This key will take you back to vi mode (@code{vip-change-mode-to-vi}).@item C-h@kindex 010 @kbd{C-h} (@code{delete-backward-char}) (insert mode)Delete previous character (@code{delete-backward-char}).@item C-w@kindex 027 @kbd{C-w} (@code{vip-delete-backward-word}) (insert mode)Delete previous word (@code{vip-delete-backward-word}).@item C-z@kindex 032 @kbd{C-z} (@code{vip-ESC}) (insert mode)This key simulates @key{ESC} key in emacs mode. For instance, typing@kbd{C-z x} in insert mode iw the same as typing @kbd{ESC x} in emacs mode(@code{vip-ESC}).@end table@noindentYou can also bind @kbd{C-h} to @code{help-command} if you like.(@xref{Customizing Key Bindings}, for details.) Binding @kbd{C-h} to@code{help-command} has the effect of making the meaning of @kbd{C-h}uniform among emacs, vi and insert modes.When you enter insert mode, VIP records point as the start point ofinsertion, and when you leave insert mode the region between point andstart point is saved for later use by repeat command etc. Therefore, repeatcommand will not really repeat insertion if you move point by emacscommands while in insert mode.@node Ex Commands, Ex Command Reference, Commands in Insert Mode, Top@chapter Ex Commands@kindex 072 @kbd{:} (@code{vip-ex})In vi mode, you can execute an Ex command @var{ex-command} by typing:@example@kbd{:@: @var{ex-command} @key{RET}}@end exampleEvery Ex command follows the following pattern:@example@var{address command} @kbd{!}@: @var{parameters count flags}@end example@noindent@cindex addresswhere all parts are optional. For the syntax of @dfn{address}, the readeris referred to the reference manual of Ex.@cindex magic@cindex regular expressionIn the current version of VIP, searching by Ex commands is always@dfn{magic}. That is, search patterns are always treated as @dfn{regularexpressions}. For example, a typical forward search would be invoked by@kbd{:/@var{pat}/}. If you wish to include @samp{/} as part of@var{pat} you must preceded it by @samp{\}. VIP strips off these @kbd{\}'sbefore @kbd{/} and the resulting @var{pat} becomes the actual searchpattern. Emacs provides a different and richer class or regularexpressions than Vi/Ex, and VIP uses Emacs' regular expressions. See GNUEmacs Manual for details of regular expressions.Several Ex commands can be entered in a line by separating them by a pipecharacter @samp{|}.@menu* Ex Command Reference:: Explain all the Ex commands available in VIP.@end menu@node Ex Command Reference, Customization, Ex Commands, Ex Commands@section Ex Command ReferenceIn this section we briefly explain all the Ex commands supported by VIP.Most Ex commands expect @var{address} as their argument, and they usedefault addresses if they are not explicitly given. In the following, suchdefault addresses will be shown in parentheses.Most command names can and preferably be given in abbreviated forms. Inthe following, optional parts of command names will be enclosed inbrackets. For example, @samp{co[py]} will mean that copy command can begive as @samp{co} or @samp{cop} or @samp{copy}.If @var{command} is empty, point will move to the beginning of the linespecified by the @var{address}. If @var{address} is also empty, point willmove to the beginning of the current line.@cindex flagSome commands accept @dfn{flags} which are one of @kbd{p}, @kbd{l} and@kbd{#}. If @var{flags} are given, the text affected by the commands willbe displayed on a temporary window, and you will be asked to hit return tocontinue. In this way, you can see the text affected by the commandsbefore the commands will be executed. If you hit @kbd{C-g} instead of@key{RET} then the commands will be aborted. Note that the meaning of@var{flags} is different in VIP from that in Vi/Ex.@table @kbd@item (.,.@:) co[py] @var{addr} @var{flags}@itemx (.,.@:) t @var{addr} @var{flags}Place a copy of specified lines after @var{addr}. If @var{addr} is@kbd{0}, it will be placed before the first line.@item (.,.@:) d[elete] @var{register} @var{count} @var{flags}Delete specified lines. Text will be saved in a named @var{register} if alower-case letter is given, and appended to a register if a capital letter isgiven.@item e[dit] !@: +@var{addr} @var{file}@itemx e[x] !@: +@var{addr} @var{file}@itemx vi[sual] !@: +@var{addr} @var{file}Edit a new file @var{file} in the current window. The command will abortif current buffer is modified, which you can override by giving @kbd{!}.If @kbd{+}@var{addr} is given, @var{addr} becomes the current line.@item fileGive information about the current file.@item (1,$) g[lobal] !@: /@var{pat}/ @var{cmds}@itemx (1,$) v /@var{pat}/ @var{cmds}Among specified lines first mark each line which matches the regularexpression @var{pat}, and then execute @var{cmds} on each marked line.If @kbd{!}@: is given, @var{cmds} will be executed on each line not matching@var{pat}. @kbd{v} is same as @kbd{g!}.@item (.,.+1) j[oin] !@: @var{count} @var{flags}Join specified lines into a line. Without @kbd{!}, a space character willbe inserted at each junction.@item (.@:) k @var{ch}@itemx (.@:) mar[k] @var{ch}Mark specified line by a lower-case character @var{ch}. Then theaddressing form @kbd{'}@var{ch} will refer to this line. No white space isrequired between @kbd{k} and @var{ch}. A white space is necessary between@kbd{mark} and @var{ch}, however.@item map @var{ch} @var{rhs}Define a macro for vi mode. After this command, the character @var{ch}will be expanded to @var{rhs} in vi mode.@item (.,.@:) m[ove] @var{addr}Move specified lines after @var{addr}.@item (.@:) pu[t] @var{register}Put back previously deleted or yanked text. If @var{register} is given,the text saved in the register will be put back; otherwise, last deleted oryanked text will be put back.@item q[uit] !Quit from Emacs. If modified buffers with associated files exist, you willbe asked whether you wish to save each of them. At this point, you maychoose not to quit, by hitting @kbd{C-g}. If @kbd{!}@: is given, exit fromEmacs without saving modified buffers.@item (.@:) r[ead] @var{file}Read in the content of the file @var{file} after the specified line.@item (.@:) r[ead] !@: @var{command}Read in the output of the shell command @var{command} after the specifiedline.@item se[t]Set a variable's value. @xref{Customizing Constants}, for the list of variablesyou can set.@item sh[ell]Run a subshell in a window.@item (.,.@:) s[ubstitute] /@var{pat}/@var{repl}/ @var{options} @var{count} @var{flags}@itemx (.,.@:) & @var{options} @var{count} @var{flags}On each specified line, the first occurrence of string matching regularexpression @var{pat} is replaced by replacement pattern @var{repl}. Optioncharacters are @kbd{g} and @kbd{c}. If global option character @kbd{g}appears as part of @var{options}, all occurrences are substituted. Ifconfirm option character @kbd{c} appears, you will be asked to giveconfirmation before each substitution. If @kbd{/@var{pat}/@var{repl}/} ismissing, the last substitution is repeated.@item st[op]Suspend Emacs.@item ta[g] @var{tag}@cindex tag@cindex selected tags tableFind first definition of @var{tag}. If no @var{tag} is given, previouslygiven @var{tag} is used and next alternate definition is find. By default,the file @file{TAGS} in the current directory becomes the @dfn{selected tagstable}. You can select another tags table by @kbd{set} command.@xref{Customizing Constants}, for details.@item und[o]Undo the last change.@item unm[ap] @var{ch}The macro expansion associated with @var{ch} is removed.@item ve[rsion]Tell the version number of VIP.@item (1,$) w[rite] !@: @var{file}Write out specified lines into file @var{file}. If no @var{file} is given,text will be written to the file associated to the current buffer. Unless@kbd{!}@: is given, if @var{file} is different from the file associated tothe current buffer and if the file @var{file} exists, the command will notbe executed. Unlike Ex, @var{file} becomes the file associated to thecurrent buffer.@item (1,$) w[rite]>> @var{file}Write out specified lines at the end of file @var{file}. @var{file}becomes the file associated to the current buffer.@item (1,$) wq !@: @var{file}Same as @kbd{write} and then @kbd{quit}. If @kbd{!}@: is given, same as@kbd{write !}@: then @kbd{quit}.@item (.,.) y[ank] @var{register} @var{count}Save specified lines into register @var{register}. If no register isspecified, text will be saved in an anonymous register.@item @var{addr} !@: @var{command}Execute shell command @var{command}. The output will be shown in a newwindow. If @var{addr} is given, specified lines will be used as standardinput to @var{command}.@item ($) =Print the line number of the addressed line.@item (.,.) > @var{count} @var{flags}Shift specified lines to the right. The variable @code{vip-shift-width}(default value is 8) determines the amount of shift.@item (.,.) < @var{count} @var{flags}Shift specified lines to the left. The variable @code{vip-shift-width}(default value is 8) determines the amount of shift.@item (.,.@:) ~ @var{options} @var{count} @var{flags}Repeat the previous @kbd{substitute} command using previous search patternas @var{pat} for matching.@end tableThe following Ex commands are available in Vi, but not implemented in VIP.@example@kbd{abbreviate}, @kbd{list}, @kbd{next}, @kbd{print}, @kbd{preserve}, @kbd{recover}, @kbd{rewind}, @kbd{source},@kbd{unabbreviate}, @kbd{xit}, @kbd{z}@end example@node Customization, Customizing Constants, Ex Command Reference, Top@chapter CustomizationIf you have a file called @file{.vip} in your home directory, then itwill also be loaded when VIP is loaded. This file is thus useful forcustomizing VIP.@menu* Customizing Constants:: How to change values of constants.* Customizing Key Bindings:: How to change key bindings.@end menu@node Customizing Constants, Customizing Key Bindings, Customization, Customization@section Customizing ConstantsAn easy way to customize VIP is to change the values of constants usedin VIP. Here is the list of the constants used in VIP and their defaultvalues.@table @code@item vip-shift-width 8The number of columns shifted by @kbd{>} and @kbd{<} command.@item vip-re-replace nilIf @code{t} then do regexp replace, if @code{nil} then do string replace.@item vip-search-wrap-around tIf @code{t}, search wraps around the buffer.@item vip-re-search nilIf @code{t} then search is reg-exp search, if @code{nil} then vanillasearch.@item vip-case-fold-search nilIf @code{t} search ignores cases.@item vip-re-query-replace nilIf @code{t} then do reg-exp replace in query replace.@item vip-open-with-indent nilIf @code{t} then indent to the previous current line when open a new lineby @kbd{o} or @kbd{O} command.@item vip-tags-file-name "TAGS"The name of the file used as the tags table.@item vip-help-in-insert-mode nilIf @code{t} then @key{C-h} is bound to @code{help-command} in insert mode,if @code{nil} then it sis bound to @code{delete-backward-char}.@end table@noindentYou can reset these constants in VIP by the Ex command @kbd{set}. Or youcan include a line like this in your @file{.vip} file:@example(setq vip-case-fold-search t)@end example@node Customizing Key Bindings,, Customizing Constants, Customization@section Customizing Key Bindings@cindex local keymapVIP uses @code{vip-command-mode-map} as the @dfn{local keymap} for vi mode.For example, in vi mode, @key{SPC} is bound to the function@code{vip-scroll}. But, if you wish to make @key{SPC} and some other keys behave like Vi, you can include the following lines in your @file{.vip}file.@example(define-key vip-command-mode-map "\C-g" 'vip-info-on-file)(define-key vip-command-mode-map "\C-h" 'vip-backward-char)(define-key vip-command-mode-map "\C-m" 'vip-next-line-at-bol)(define-key vip-command-mode-map " " 'vip-forward-char)(define-key vip-command-mode-map "g" 'vip-keyboard-quit)(define-key vip-command-mode-map "s" 'vip-substitute)(define-key vip-command-mode-map "C" 'vip-change-to-eol)(define-key vip-command-mode-map "R" 'vip-change-to-eol)(define-key vip-command-mode-map "S" 'vip-substitute-line)(define-key vip-command-mode-map "X" 'vip-delete-backward-char)@end example@unnumbered Key Index@printindex ky@unnumbered Concept Index@printindex cp@setchapternewpage odd@contents@bye@ignore arch-tag: 7c5d17b9-1d21-4261-a88a-b9fdbbf1020b@end ignore