view lisp/help.el @ 2402:61e1f8813d03

(vc-comment-to-changelog): A useful vc-checkin hook, added. (vc-checkout): Now rejects attempts to check out files via FTP. The `derived buffers' in the mode (the VC log buffer, status buffers, and most buffer output commands) now know which file buffer was their parent, and most commands will try to find such a parent buffer when executed from within a special buffer.

;;; help.el --- help commands for Emacs

;; Copyright (C) 1985, 1986 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Maintainer: FSF
;; Keywords: help, internal

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
;; any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
;; the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

;;; Commentary:

;; This code implements GNU Emac's on-line help system, the one invoked by
;;`M-x help-for-help'.

;;; Code:

;; Get the macro make-help-screen when this is compiled,
;; or run interpreted, but not when the compiled code is loaded.
(eval-when-compile (require 'help-screen))

(defvar help-map (make-sparse-keymap)
  "Keymap for characters following the Help key.")

(define-key global-map (char-to-string help-char) 'help-command)
(fset 'help-command help-map)

(define-key help-map (char-to-string help-char) 'help-for-help)
(define-key help-map "?" 'help-for-help)

(define-key help-map "\C-c" 'describe-copying)
(define-key help-map "\C-d" 'describe-distribution)
(define-key help-map "\C-w" 'describe-no-warranty)
(define-key help-map "a" 'command-apropos)

(define-key help-map "b" 'describe-bindings)

(define-key help-map "c" 'describe-key-briefly)
(define-key help-map "k" 'describe-key)

(define-key help-map "d" 'describe-function)
(define-key help-map "f" 'describe-function)

(define-key help-map "i" 'info)
(define-key help-map "\C-f" 'Info-goto-emacs-command-node)
(define-key help-map "\C-k" 'Info-goto-emacs-key-command-node)

(define-key help-map "l" 'view-lossage)

(define-key help-map "m" 'describe-mode)

(define-key help-map "\C-n" 'view-emacs-news)
(define-key help-map "n" 'view-emacs-news)

(define-key help-map "p" 'finder-by-keyword)
(autoload 'finder-by-keyword "finder.el")

(define-key help-map "s" 'describe-syntax)

(define-key help-map "t" 'help-with-tutorial)

(define-key help-map "w" 'where-is)

(define-key help-map "v" 'describe-variable)

(defun help-with-tutorial ()
  "Select the Emacs learn-by-doing tutorial."
  (interactive)
  (let ((file (expand-file-name "~/TUTORIAL")))
    (delete-other-windows)
    (if (get-file-buffer file)
	(switch-to-buffer (get-file-buffer file))
      (switch-to-buffer (create-file-buffer file))
      (setq buffer-file-name file)
      (setq default-directory (expand-file-name "~/"))
      (setq buffer-auto-save-file-name nil)
      (insert-file-contents (expand-file-name "TUTORIAL" data-directory))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (search-forward "\n<<")
      (beginning-of-line)
      (delete-region (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point)))
      (newline (- (window-height (selected-window))
		  (count-lines (point-min) (point))
		  6))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))

(defun describe-key-briefly (key)
  "Print the name of the function KEY invokes.  KEY is a string."
  (interactive "kDescribe key briefly: ")
  (let ((defn (key-binding key)))
    (if (or (null defn) (integerp defn))
        (message "%s is undefined" (key-description key))
      (message "%s runs the command %s"
	       (key-description key)
	       (if (symbolp defn) defn (prin1-to-string defn))))))

(defun print-help-return-message (&optional function)
  "Display or return message saying how to restore windows after help command.
Computes a message and applies the optional argument FUNCTION to it.
If FUNCTION is nil, applies `message' to it, thus printing it."
  (and (not (get-buffer-window standard-output))
       (funcall (or function 'message)
		(concat
		 (substitute-command-keys
		  (if (one-window-p t)
		      (if pop-up-windows
			  "Type \\[delete-other-windows] to remove help window."
			"Type \\[switch-to-buffer] RET to remove help window.")
		    "Type \\[switch-to-buffer-other-window] RET to restore the other window."))
		 (substitute-command-keys
		  "  \\[scroll-other-window] to scroll the help.")))))

(defun describe-key (key)
  "Display documentation of the function invoked by KEY.  KEY is a string."
  (interactive "kDescribe key: ")
  (let ((defn (key-binding key)))
    (if (or (null defn) (integerp defn))
        (message "%s is undefined" (key-description key))
      (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
	(prin1 defn)
	(princ ":\n")
	(if (documentation defn)
	    (princ (documentation defn))
	  (princ "not documented"))
	(print-help-return-message)))))

(defun describe-mode (&optional minor)
  "Display documentation of current major mode.
If optional MINOR is non-nil (or prefix argument is given if interactive),
display documentation of active minor modes as well.
For this to work correctly for a minor mode, the mode's indicator variable
(listed in `minor-mode-alist') must also be a function whose documentation
describes the minor mode."
  (interactive)
  (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
    (princ mode-name)
    (princ " Mode:\n")
    (princ (documentation major-mode))
    (let ((minor-modes minor-mode-alist)
	  (locals (buffer-local-variables)))
      (while minor-modes
	(let* ((minor-mode (car (car minor-modes)))
	       (indicator (car (cdr (car minor-modes))))
	       (local-binding (assq minor-mode locals)))
	  ;; Document a minor mode if it is listed in minor-mode-alist,
	  ;; bound locally in this buffer, non-nil, and has a function
	  ;; definition.
	  (if (and local-binding
		   (cdr local-binding)
		   (fboundp minor-mode))
	      (progn
		(princ (format "\n\n\n%s minor mode (indicator%s):\n"
			       minor-mode indicator))
		(princ (documentation minor-mode)))))
	(setq minor-modes (cdr minor-modes))))
    (print-help-return-message)))

;; So keyboard macro definitions are documented correctly
(fset 'defining-kbd-macro (symbol-function 'start-kbd-macro))

(defun describe-distribution ()
  "Display info on how to obtain the latest version of GNU Emacs."
  (interactive)
  (find-file-read-only
   (expand-file-name "DISTRIB" data-directory)))

(defun describe-copying ()
  "Display info on how you may redistribute copies of GNU Emacs."
  (interactive)
  (find-file-read-only
   (expand-file-name "COPYING" data-directory))
  (goto-char (point-min)))

(defun describe-no-warranty ()
  "Display info on all the kinds of warranty Emacs does NOT have."
  (interactive)
  (describe-copying)
  (let (case-fold-search)
    (search-forward "NO WARRANTY")
    (recenter 0)))

(defun view-emacs-news ()
  "Display info on recent changes to Emacs."
  (interactive)
  (find-file-read-only (expand-file-name "NEWS" data-directory)))

(defun view-lossage ()
  "Display last 100 input keystrokes."
  (interactive)
  (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
    (princ (key-description (recent-keys)))
    (save-excursion
      (set-buffer standard-output)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (while (progn (move-to-column 50) (not (eobp)))
	(search-forward " " nil t)
	(insert "\n")))
    (print-help-return-message)))

(make-help-screen help-for-help
  "A B C F I K L M N P S T V W C-c C-d C-n C-w.  Type \\[help-for-help] again for more help: "
  "You have typed \\[help-for-help], the help character.  Type a Help option:

A  command-apropos.   Give a substring, and see a list of commands
              (functions interactively callable) that contain
	      that substring.  See also the  apropos  command.
B  describe-bindings.  Display table of all key bindings.
C  describe-key-briefly.  Type a command key sequence;
	      it prints the function name that sequence runs.
F  describe-function.  Type a function name and get documentation of it.
I  info. The  info  documentation reader.
K  describe-key.  Type a command key sequence;
	      it displays the full documentation.
L  view-lossage.  Shows last 100 characters you typed.
M  describe-mode.  Print documentation of current major mode,
	      which describes the commands peculiar to it.
N  view-emacs-news.  Shows emacs news file.
P  finder-by-keyword. Find packages matching a given topic keyword.
S  describe-syntax.  Display contents of syntax table, plus explanations
T  help-with-tutorial.  Select the Emacs learn-by-doing tutorial.
V  describe-variable.  Type name of a variable;
	      it displays the variable's documentation and value.
W  where-is.  Type command name; it prints which keystrokes
	      invoke that command.
C-c print Emacs copying permission (General Public License).
C-d print Emacs ordering information.
C-n print news of recent Emacs changes.
C-w print information on absence of warranty for GNU Emacs."
  help-map)

;; Return a function which is called by the list containing point.
;; If that gives no function, return a function whose name is around point.
;; If that doesn't give a function, return nil.
(defun function-called-at-point ()
  (or (condition-case ()
	  (save-excursion
	    (save-restriction
	      (narrow-to-region (max (point-min) (- (point) 1000)) (point-max))
	      (backward-up-list 1)
	      (forward-char 1)
	      (let (obj)
		(setq obj (read (current-buffer)))
		(and (symbolp obj) (fboundp obj) obj))))
	(error nil))
      (condition-case ()
	  (save-excursion
	    (forward-sexp -1)
	    (skip-chars-forward "'")
	    (let ((obj (read (current-buffer))))
	      (and (symbolp obj) (fboundp obj) obj)))
	(error nil))))

(defun describe-function (function)
  "Display the full documentation of FUNCTION (a symbol)."
  (interactive
   (let ((fn (function-called-at-point))
	 (enable-recursive-minibuffers t)	     
	 val)
     (setq val (completing-read (if fn
				    (format "Describe function (default %s): " fn)
				  "Describe function: ")
				obarray 'fboundp t))
     (list (if (equal val "")
	       fn (intern val)))))
  (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
    (prin1 function)
    (princ ": ")
    (let* ((def (symbol-function function))
	   (beg (if (commandp def) "an interactive " "a ")))
      (princ (cond ((stringp def) "a keyboard macro.")
		   ((subrp def)
		    (concat beg "built-in function."))
		   ((byte-code-function-p def)
		    (concat beg "compiled Lisp function."))
		   ((symbolp def)
		    (format "alias for `%s'." def))
		   ((eq (car-safe def) 'lambda)
		    (concat beg "Lisp function."))
		   ((eq (car-safe def) 'macro)
		    "a Lisp macro.")
		   ((eq (car-safe def) 'mocklisp)
		    "a mocklisp function.")
		   ((eq (car-safe def) 'autoload)
		    (format "%s autoloaded Lisp %s."
			    (if (commandp def) "an interactive" "an")
			    (if (nth 4 def) "macro" "function")
;;; Including the file name made this line too long.
;;;			    (nth 1 def)
			    ))
		   (t "")))
      (terpri)
      (if (documentation function)
	  (progn (terpri)
		 (princ (documentation function)))
	(princ "not documented"))
      (cond ((byte-code-function-p def)
	     (save-excursion
	       (set-buffer standard-output)
	       (or (eq (char-after (1- (point-max))) ?\n)
		   (terpri)))
	     (terpri)
	     (princ (car (append def nil))))
	    ((eq (car-safe def) 'lambda)
	     (save-excursion
	       (set-buffer standard-output)
	       (or (eq (char-after (1- (point-max))) ?\n)
		   (terpri)))
	     (terpri)
	     (princ (nth 1 def)))))
    (print-help-return-message)
    ;; Return the text we displayed.
    (save-excursion (set-buffer standard-output) (buffer-string))))

(defun variable-at-point ()
  (condition-case ()
      (save-excursion
	(forward-sexp -1)
	(skip-chars-forward "'")
	(let ((obj (read (current-buffer))))
	  (and (symbolp obj) (boundp obj) obj)))
    (error nil)))

(defun describe-variable (variable)
  "Display the full documentation of VARIABLE (a symbol).
Returns the documentation as a string, also."
  (interactive 
   (let ((v (variable-at-point))
	 (enable-recursive-minibuffers t)
	 val)
     (setq val (completing-read (if v
				    (format "Describe variable (default %s): " v)
				  "Describe variable: ")
				obarray 'boundp t))
     (list (if (equal val "")
	       v (intern val)))))
  (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Help*"
    (prin1 variable)
    (princ "'s value is ")
    (if (not (boundp variable))
        (princ "void.")
      (prin1 (symbol-value variable)))
    (terpri) (terpri)
    (princ "Documentation:")
    (terpri)
    (let ((doc (documentation-property variable 'variable-documentation)))
      (if doc
	  (princ (substitute-command-keys doc))
	(princ "not documented as a variable.")))
    (print-help-return-message)
    ;; Return the text we displayed.
    (save-excursion (set-buffer standard-output) (buffer-string))))

(defun command-apropos (string)
  "Like apropos but lists only symbols that are names of commands
\(interactively callable functions).  Argument REGEXP is a regular expression
that is matched against command symbol names.  Returns list of symbols and
documentation found."
  (interactive "sCommand apropos (regexp): ")
  (let ((message
	 (let ((standard-output (get-buffer-create "*Help*")))
	   (print-help-return-message 'identity))))
    (if (apropos string t 'commandp)
	(and message (message message)))))

(defun locate-library (library &optional nosuffix)
  "Show the full path name of Emacs library LIBRARY.
This command searches the directories in `load-path' like `M-x load-library'
to find the file that `M-x load-library RET LIBRARY RET' would load.
Optional second arg NOSUFFIX non-nil means don't add suffixes `.elc' or `.el'
to the specified name LIBRARY (a la calling `load' instead of `load-library')."
  (interactive "sLocate library: ")
  (catch 'answer
    (mapcar
     '(lambda (dir)
	(mapcar
	 '(lambda (suf)
	    (let ((try (expand-file-name (concat library suf) dir)))
	      (and (file-readable-p try)
		   (null (file-directory-p try))
		   (progn
		     (message "Library is file %s" try)
		     (throw 'answer try)))))
	 (if nosuffix '("") '(".elc" ".el" ""))))
     load-path)
    (message "No library %s in search path" library)
    nil))

;;; help.el ends here