view man/m-x.texi @ 54341:80dfe07a1d65

New file (image.c) for Image consolidation: (COLOR_TABLE_SUPPORT): New define to control whether color table support is available (X only). (Bitmap_Record): Common name for x_bitmap_record, w32_bitmap_record, and mac_bitmap_record. (XImagePtr): Common name for pointer to XImage or equivalent. (XImagePtr_or_DC): New type to simplify code sharing; equivalent to XImagePtr on X+MAC, and to HDC on W32. (GET_PIXEL): Wrapper for XGetPixel or equivalent. (NO_PIXMAP): Common name for "None" or equivalent. (PNG_BG_COLOR_SHIFT): Bits to shift PNG background colors. (RGB_PIXEL_COLOR): Common type for an integer "pixel color" value. (PIX_MASK_RETAIN, PIX_MASK_DRAW): Portability macros (from macfns.c). (FRAME_X_VISUAL, x_defined_color, DefaultDepthOfScreen): Define with suitable equivalents on W32 and MAC for code sharing. (XDrawLine): Define on MAC for code sharing. (Destroy_Image, Free_Pixmap): Wrappers for code sharing. (IF_LIB_AVAILABLE): Macro to simplify code sharing. (Vx_bitmap_file_path, Vimage_cache_eviction_delay) (x_bitmap_height, x_bitmap_width, x_bitmap_pixmap) (x_reference_bitmap, x_create_bitmap_from_data) (x_create_bitmap_from_file, x_destroy_bitmap) (x_destroy_all_bitmaps, x_create_bitmap_mask) (XGetImage, XPutPixel, XGetPixel, XDestroyImage) (QCascent, QCmargin, QCrelief, QCconversion, QCcolor_symbols) (QCheuristic_mask, QCindex, QCmatrix, QCcolor_adjustment, QCmask) (Qlaplace, Qemboss, Qedge_detection, Qheuristic, Qcenter) (define_image_type, lookup_image_type, valid_image_p) (image_error, enum image_value_type, struct image_keyword) (parse_image_spec, image_spec_value, Fimage_size, Fimage_mask_p) (make_image, free_image, prepare_image_for_display, image_ascent) (four_corners_best, image_background, image_background_transparent) (x_clear_image_1, x_clear_image, x_alloc_image_color) (make_image_cache, free_image_cache, clear_image_cache) (Fclear_image_cache, postprocess_image, lookup_image, cache_image) (forall_images_in_image_cache, x_create_x_image_and_pixmap) (x_destroy_x_image, x_put_x_image, x_find_image_file, slurp_file) (find_image_fsspec, image_load_qt_1, image_load_quicktime) (init_image_func_pointer, image_load_quartz2d) (struct ct_color, init_color_table, free_color_table) (lookup_rgb_color, lookup_pixel_color, colors_in_color_table) (cross_disabled_images, x_to_xcolors, x_from_xcolors) (x_detect_edges, x_emboss, x_laplace, x_edge_detection) (x_disable_image, x_build_heuristic_mask) (XBM support, XPM support, PBM support, PNG support, JPEG support) (TIFF support, GIF support, Ghostscript support): Consolidate image code from xfns.c, w32fns.c, and macfns.c. (syms_of_image): Consolidate image related symbol setup here. (init_image): Consolidate image related initializations here.

@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node M-x, Help, Minibuffer, Top
@chapter Running Commands by Name

  Every Emacs command has a name that you can use to run it.  Commands
that are used often, or that must be quick to type, are also bound to
keys---short sequences of characters---for convenient use.  You can
run them by name if you don't remember the keys.  Other Emacs commands
that do not need to be quick are not bound to keys; the only way to
run them is by name.  @xref{Key Bindings}, for the description of
how to bind commands to keys.

  By convention, a command name consists of one or more words,
separated by hyphens; for example, @code{auto-fill-mode} or
@code{manual-entry}.  The use of English words makes the command name
easier to remember than a key made up of obscure characters, even
though it is more characters to type.

@kindex M-x
  The way to run a command by name is to start with @kbd{M-x}, type the
command name, and finish it with @key{RET}.  @kbd{M-x} uses the
minibuffer to read the command name.  @key{RET} exits the minibuffer and
runs the command.  The string @samp{M-x} appears at the beginning of the
minibuffer as a @dfn{prompt} to remind you to enter the name of a
command to be run.  @xref{Minibuffer}, for full information on the
features of the minibuffer.

  You can use completion to enter the command name.  For example, you
can invoke the command @code{forward-char} by name by typing either

@example
M-x forward-char @key{RET}
@end example

@noindent
or

@example
M-x forw @key{TAB} c @key{RET}
@end example

@noindent
Note that @code{forward-char} is the same command that you invoke with
the key @kbd{C-f}.  You can run any Emacs command by name using
@kbd{M-x}, whether or not any keys are bound to it.

  If you type @kbd{C-g} while the command name is being read, you cancel
the @kbd{M-x} command and get out of the minibuffer, ending up at top level.

  To pass a numeric argument to the command you are invoking with
@kbd{M-x}, specify the numeric argument before the @kbd{M-x}.  @kbd{M-x}
passes the argument along to the command it runs.  The argument value
appears in the prompt while the command name is being read.

@vindex suggest-key-bindings
  If the command you type has a key binding of its own, Emacs mentions
this in the echo area, two seconds after the command finishes (if you
don't type anything else first).  For example, if you type @kbd{M-x
forward-word}, the message says that you can run the same command more
easily by typing @kbd{M-f}.  You can turn off these messages by setting
@code{suggest-key-bindings} to @code{nil}.

  Normally, when describing in this manual a command that is run by
name, we omit the @key{RET} that is needed to terminate the name.  Thus
we might speak of @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} rather than @kbd{M-x
auto-fill-mode @key{RET}}.  We mention the @key{RET} only when there is
a need to emphasize its presence, such as when we show the command
together with following arguments.

@findex execute-extended-command
  @kbd{M-x} works by running the command
@code{execute-extended-command}, which is responsible for reading the
name of another command and invoking it.

@ignore
   arch-tag: b67bff53-9628-4666-b94e-eda972a7ba56
@end ignore