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author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
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date | Fri, 30 Jan 2009 07:23:01 +0000 |
parents | bfcc88f3efea |
children | 3d0115eb5d66 |
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This file summarizes primary aspects of the NS port architecture. If possible, it should be updated for changes. Currently it summarizes the state as of: summer 2008 shortly after merging to trunk Startup ------- Init sequence: emacs.c: ns_alloc_autorelease_pool() nsterm.m emacs.c: ns_init_paths() nsterm.m - override EMACSLOADPATH, etc. so resources can be found in-bundle emacs.c: init_display() dispnew.c - sets Vwindow_system (window-system) to 'ns emacs.c: loadup.el -> startup.el -> ns-initialize-window-system -> x-open-connection (nsfns.m) - ns-list-services -> nsterm.m: ns_term_init() - EmacsApp sharedApplication - read NS defaults (org.gnu.Emacs.plist) - init X-style color list - ns_create_terminal() - NSApp run (goes to applicationDidFinishLaunching which terminates event loop -- see below) Event Loop ---------- In an NS application, the event loop is normally managed by system and all user code is event-driven. [NSApp run] is called by user and never returns. In Emacs, the event loop is managed by emacs itself. The NS port mediates between these two styles by intercepting the NS event dispatch at [NSApp sendEvent]. If a special event is detected, the event loop is broken, and control returned to Emacs. This special event is sent by ns_send_appdefined, which is called under these circumstances: - if a user input event is received - when a timeout fires NS event processing is instigated from Emacs through ns_select() and ns_read_socket() in nsterm.m. Parts of the codepaths leading to these functions are: keyboard.c:read_avail_input() -> ns_read_socket (ns_send_appdefined) -> [NSApp run] process.c:wait_reading_process_output() -> ns_select -> gobble_input (global inNsSelect=1) -> ns_read_socket (ns_send_appdefined if !expected) -> [NSApp run] sysdep.c:sys_select() -> read_input_waiting() -> ns_read_socket (send_appdefined) -> [NSApp run] [this codepath may not be used] Currently ctrl-g is not detected in as many circumstances as other emacsen. It is not certain whether this is due to the means of event loop integration, or errors of omission in the NS code. One area for exploration is the NO_SOCK_SIGIO define. When it is defined, ctrl-g seems to be picked up more often, but there are some annoying side effects. Currently it is left off by default, unless the --enable-cocoa-experimental-ctrl-g option is passed to configure. (Has no effect under GNUstep.) This is an area for improvement. Also, see the article here and its containing thread: http://article.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.devel/92021/match=handling%5fsignal Text Rendering and Font Handling -------------------------------- nsfont.m implements the font driver, responsible for managing fonts and rendering text. Fonts are obtained through NSFontManager. Rendering must be done at a low level due to emacs' fine control over this process, therefore there are different approachs under Cocoa and GNUstep. Under GNUstep, the original NeXT Display PostScript (DPS) APIs are available and used. Under Cocoa, these were removed and Quartz drawing functions replaced them. In both cases, font glyphs are accessed through UTF8 character representations. It would be preferable to use unicode indices, but prior attempts at this have failed. Multi-script fontsets are auto-created in nsfont_make_fontset_for_font() using the facilities of NSTextStorage and NSLayoutManager. Object Architecture ------------------- Unlike the other GUIs, the NS interface is based on a high-level and object-oriented API. This creates some tension in the code because emacs itself has been architected around the low-level Xlib and Xt APIs. The NS port tries to strike a balance between simplifying code on its side using OO features, and keeping code as similar as possible to other ports to ease maintenance. The following are the main classes (see nsterm.h): EmacsApp : NSApplication - event loop integration, interapp comms point for Finder (NSWorkspace) msgs, Services - one global instance (NSApp) - nsterm.m EmacsView : NSView <TextInput> - handles rendering of text and fringe, interapp comms for drag/drop - instance for each frame - child of window's content view - nsterm.m EmacsWindow : NSWindow - utility override for resize handling EmacsScroller : NSScroller - instance for each emacs window, renders scrollbar - child of window's content view - nsterm.m EmacsImage : NSImage - image rendering, toolbar icons, stippling, fringe bitmaps - instance for each image - nsimage.m EmacsMenu : NSMenu - menu management - one tree of instances for menubar, one instance for each popup menu - nsmenu.m EmacsToolbar : NSToolbar - toolbar management, one instance for each frame - nsmenu.m EmacsDialogPanel : NSPanel - popup dialogs, one instance for each - nsmenu.m EmacsTooltip : NSObject - tooltip popups, one instance for each - nsmenu.m EmacsGlyphStorage : NSObject <NSGlyphStorage> - utility for text rendering - nsfont.m EmacsPrefsController : NSObject - utility for preferences panel management, one global instance - nsterm.m - nextstep/Cocoa/Emacs.base/Contents/Resources/preferences.nib - nextstep/GNUstep/Emacs.base/Resources/preferences.gorm EmacsSavePanel : NSSavePanel EmacsOpenPanel : NSOpenPanel - utility override for panel notifications